Ckvemw

A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn

hnh¿Ø\w:
hn.-]n. apl-Ω-Zen

`mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw:
s{]m^. sI.-]n. Iam-ep-±o≥

Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv

tImgn-t°mSv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw, Xriq¿, IÆq¿
 Ckvemw

{]kvXmh\
Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠nse {]apJ ]WvUn-X\pw Ckvem-anI \thm-∞m-
\-\m-b-I-\p-amWv A_p¬-A-Avem auZq-Zn. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]cn-
`m-j-b-S°w \qdn-tesd I\-s∏´ IrXn-I-fpsS I¿Ømhp IqSn-bm-W-
t±lw. Ad-_n, Cw•o-jv, {^©v Dƒs∏sS temI-Ønse ]e `mj-
I-fn-te°pw At±-l-Øns‚ cN-\-Iƒ CXn-\Iw hnh¿Ø\w sNø-
s∏-´n-´p-≠v.
auZqZn kmln-_ns‚ "Ckvemw aXw' F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ BZy-
`m-K-am-Wn-Xv. Fgp-]-Xn¬]cw `mj-I-fn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏´
Cu IrXn, Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\sØ {]am-W-ß-fp-sSbpw bp‡n-hn-
Nm-c-Øn-s‚bpw anI-thmsS hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p.
Ckvemw F¥v? AXns‚ e£y-sa¥v? Ckvem-anI BZ¿i-hn-
izm-kß - ƒ°v a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xh
- p-am-bp≈ _‘-sa¥v? Ckvemw kzoI-
cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ t\´hpw kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈
\jvS-hp-sa¥v? AXv ka¿∏n-°p∂ BZ¿i-kn-≤m-¥-߃°v bp‡n-
`-{Z-amb h√ km£y-hp-apt≠m? XpSßn Hc-t\z-jn-bpsS a\- n¬
Db¿∂p-h-t∂-°m-hp∂ Hcp Iq´w kwi-b-߃°v DØcw \¬Ip∂p
Cu IrXn.
Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\sØ ]Tn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿°v Cu IrXn
sh-fn®w \¬Ip-sa∂p {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. CXns‚ Cw•ojv ]Xn-∏n\v
s{]m^. Jp¿inZv AlvaZv Xøm-dm-°nb ]T-\m¿l-amb ASn-°p-dn-
∏p-Iƒ Cu ]Xn-∏n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
˛ {]km-[-I¿-
 Ckvemw

D≈-S°w

1. Ckvemw
"Ckveman's‚ A¿Yw
Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw
ssZh-\n-tj-[Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw
\ntj-[Øns‚ sISp-Xn-Iƒ.
Ckvem-ans‚ kZv^-e-߃.
2. hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw
"hnizmk'Øns‚ A¿Yw
⁄m\e_v[nbpsS am¿K߃
AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
3. {]hm-N-IXzw
{]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw
{]hm-N-Is\ Fßs\ Xncn-®-dn-bmw?
{]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-°¬
{]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p∂-sX-¥n\v?
{]hm-N-I-Xzw˛ kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw
apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS {]hm-N-IXzw
apl-Ω-Zv -\-_n-bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xzw˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ
{]hm-N-IXz ]cnkam]vXn˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ.
 Ckvemw

4. hnizmk Imcy-߃
ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw
hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw
hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ.
GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ ^e߃
ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
ssZh-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ
ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-ep≈ hnizmkw
]c-tem-I-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw
]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX
]c-tem-I-hn-izm-kw bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬
]cn-ip≤ hmIyw
 Ckvemw

Ckvemw
an° temI- a - X - ß fpw H∂p- I n¬ B aX- Ø ns‚ ÿm]- I - s ‚tbm
As√-¶n¬ AXpZv`-hn® kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚tbm t]cn-em-W-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.
DZm-l-c-W-ambn, {InkvXp-aXw F∂ t]¿ tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬\n∂v
e`n-®-XmWv. _p≤-a-X-am-Is´, AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb alm-flm-_p-
≤-\n¬-\n-∂pw. kucmjv{S aXw F∂ t]¿ AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb
kucmjv{S-sc ( Zoraster) kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. blq-Z-aXw B t]cp≈
tKm{X-Øn-em-WpZv`hn-®Xv. an° aX-ß-fp-sSbpw \ma-I-c-W-Øn-∂-Sn-
ÿm\w CXpXs∂. F-∂m¬, CkvemwaXw Cu s]mXp XØz-Øn-
∂-]-hm-Z-at{X. "Ckvemw' F∂ t]¿ Hcp {]tXyI hy‡n-bn¬\nt∂m
kap-Zm-b-Øn¬\nt∂m DZv`-hn-®-X√. B \maw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv
Hcp khn- t ij KpW- s Ø- b mWv . Ckv e mw Hcp hy‡n- b psS
krjvSntbm Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ IpØ-Itbm As√∂v AXns‚
\maw hy‡-am-°p∂p. hy‡n, \maw, P\X F∂n-h-tbmSv AXn∂v
{]tXyI _‘-sam-∂p-an√. Ckvemw F∂ khn-tij KpWw a\p-
jy-cn¬ kwPm-X-am-°p-I-bm-W-Xns‚ e£yw. KX-Ime P\-k-aq-l-
ß-fnse kXy-k-‘cpw kpIr-Xn-I-fp-amb GsXms° Bfp-I-fn¬
{]kvXpX KpWw D≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm Ah-sc√mw "apkvenw'-I-fm-bn-cp∂p.
C∂pw Ah-cmWv "apkvenw-Iƒ.' F∂pw Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw
"apkvenw-'Iƒ.
"Ckveman's‚ A¿Yw
"Ckvemw' F∂Xv Hcp Ad_n i_vZ-amWv. "A\p-k-cWw', Iogvh-
W°w, kºq¿W ka¿∏Ww Fs∂√mw AXn-∂¿Y-ap≠v. as‰mcp hn[w
 Ckvemw

]d-™m¬, "Ckvemw' F∂m¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°epw Ah∂v

Iogvh-W-ßepw Ah-\n¬ k¿hkzw ka¿∏n-°-ep-amWv "Ckvemw'
F∂ t]cns‚ s]mcpfpw AXt{X.*
Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw
{]m]-©nI hkvXp-°-sf√mw Nne \nb-a-߃°v hnt[-b-am-sW∂v
ImWmw. kqcy˛N{µ˛\£-{X-tKm-f-ß-sf√mw `{Z-amb Nne \nb-a-ß-fm¬
_‘n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. B \nb-a-߃s°-Xnsc AWp-h-fhpw Nen-°p-
hm-\-hbv°v km[y-a√. `qan, Hcp \n›n-X-th-K-Øn-emWv Id-ßp-∂Xv.
AXns‚ \n›nX thK-Øntem ka-b-Øntem ]Y-Øntem Hcp am‰hpw
kw`-hn-°p-∂n√. hmbphpw sh≈hpw shfn-®hpw Dujvam-hp-sa√mw C{]-
Imcw Nne \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°-[o-\-amWv. [mXp-h¿K-߃, kky-e-
Xm-Zn-Iƒ, P¥p-Pm-e-߃ F∂nh D≠m-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw sNdp-Xm-
hp-Ibpw hep-Xm-hp-Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw acn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv A-h-
bv°v \n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ \nb-a-߃s°mØv am{Xw. C\n, a\p-jyt\m?
Ah\pw Nne {]IrXn \nb-aß - ƒ°v hnt[-b\ - mWv. Ah≥ P\n-°p-∂Xpw
hf-cp-∂Xpw izkn-°p-∂Xpw Blm-c-]m-\o-b-߃ Ign-°p-∂Xpw NqSpw
shfn-®hpw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂Xpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-∂m-[m-c-amb \nb-a-
hy-hÿ- I- f
- \
- p-kc
- n-®mWv. Ahs‚ lrZ-ba
- n-Sn-∏p-Ifpw izmk-Øp-Sn-∏p-Ifpw
c‡-Nw-{I-a-W-hp-sa√mw AXm-Xns‚ \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-®p-am{Xw. Ahs‚
akvXn-jvIhpw Zl-t\-{µn-bhpw \mUo-hyq-lhpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw ]t©-
{µn-b-ßfpw F∂p-th≠ ico-c-Ønse Hmtcm tImihpw AXm-Xn\v \n›-
bn-°-s∏´ tPmen-Iƒ am{X-amWv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xv.
hm\-tem-I-Ønse h≥tKm-f-߃ apX¬ `qan-bnse ]c-am-Wp-h-sc-
bp≈ k¿hhpw Aew-L\ - o-ba
- mb Nne \nb-aß
- ƒ°v hnt[-ba
- mWv F∂v
Npcp°w. B \nb-a-߃ alm-\mb Hcp ]cm-i‡n \n¿an-®-XmWv. B
]cm-i-‡n-sb-bmWv {]]-©-a-Jn-ehpw AXnse kakvX krjvSn-Pm-e-
ßfpw A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xv. ImcWw, Ah≥ \n¿an® \nb-a-߃°mWv
Ah-sb√mw Iogvs∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu A¿Y-Øn¬, kakvX temI-Øn-
s‚bpw aXw Ckvem-amWv. ImcWw, Ckvemw F∂m¬ ssZhsØ A\p-
k-cn-°epw Ah∂v Iogvh-W-ßepamWv. At∏mƒ kqcy-˛N-{µ˛-\-£-{Xm-
* Ckvemw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v kam-[m\w F∂pw A¿Y-ap≠v. ssZh-Øn∂v kzbw ka¿∏n-
°pI hgn Hcmƒ°v imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-ambn kam-[m\w e`y-am-Ip∂p
F∂¿Yw. A\p-k-c-W-\n-jvT-amb AØ-c-samcp PohnXw a\x-im¥n ssIh-cp-Øp-
Ibpw AXp-hgn kaq-l-Øn-ep-S-\ofw kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
 Ckvemw

Zn-tKm-f-߃ apkvenw-I-fmWv; `qan apkven-amWv; hmbphpw sh≈hpw

{]Im-ihpw apkvenw-I-fmWv; I√p-Ifpw ac-ßfpw arK-ßfpw apkvenw-
I-fmWv; ssZhsØ Adn-bm-Ø-h\pw ssZh-\n-tj-[nbpw ssZth-X-c-
i-‡n-Isf ]qPn-°p-∂-h\pw ssZh-Øn¬ A\ysc ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°p-
∂-h-\p-sa√mw apkvenw Xs∂-bmWv. ImcWw, {]IrXym apkven-am-
W-h≥. Ahs‚ P\-\hpw Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-hp-sa√mw Xs∂ ssZhnI
\nb-a-߃°v hnt[-b-amWv. Ahs‚ k¿hmw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw k¿h-tIm-
i-ß-fp-sSbpw aXw Ckvem-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-sb√mw ssZhn-I-\n-
b-a-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv D≠m-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw Nen-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv.
F¥n-t\sd, Ahn-th-I-Øm¬, ssZh-\n-tj-[tam _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-
ktam {]Jym-]n-°p∂ kz¥w \mhp-t]mepw apkven-amWv. ssZth-X-
c≥am- c psS apºn¬ Ah≥ \n¿_- ‘ - ] q¿hw Ip\n- ° p∂ kz¥w
inc pw A⁄-X-bm¬ Ah-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\l-`-‡n-_-lp-am-\-߃
\nd-™p-Xp-fp-ºp∂ Ahs‚ a\ pw apkven-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-
sbm-s°bpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv ssZhnI \nb-a-߃°-\p-k-cn-®mWv.
Ah-bpsS Hmtcm Ne-\hpw ssZhnI hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-hp-amWv.
CXv a\p-jym-h-ÿ-bpsS Hcp hiw. CXn-s∂mcp ad-ph-i-ap≠v.
a\p-jy≥ CXc krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-sf-t∏m-se-b√. hntij _p≤n-bm-e-
\p-Kr-lo-X-\m-W-h≥. Ah∂v Nn¥m-i-‡nbpw {Kmly-i-‡n-bp-ap≠v.
A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S\ tijn-bp≠v. Hcp Imcyw kzoI-cn-∏m\pw as‰m∂v
Xnc-kvI-cn-°m\pw Ah∂v Ignbpw. H∂ns\ CjvS-s∏-Sm\pw as‰m-
∂ns\ shdp-°m-\p-amhpw. Hcp Pohn-X-]-≤Xn kzbw \n¿an-°p-Itbm
as‰m-cmƒ \n¿an-®Xv kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm sNøm≥ Ignbpw. Cu taJ-
e-I-fn¬ a\p-jy≥, CX-c- h-kvXp-°-sf-t∏mse Hcp \n›nX \nb-a-
hy-h-ÿ°v hnt[-b-\√. Bibw, A`n-{]mbw, I¿aw F∂n-h-bn¬
Ah∂v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-∂p≈ kzmX-{¥y-ap≠v. H∂m-asØ Ah-ÿ-
bn¬ Ah≥ CXc krjv S n--P m- e - ß - s f- t ∏mse P≥a\m "apkv e nw'
BsW-¶n¬ c≠m-a-sØ-Xn¬ "apkvenw' BIepw BIm-Xn-cn-°epw
Ahs‚ A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬ s]´-XmWv.
Cu A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jys\ c≠v Xc-ambn
Xncn°mw. Hcp a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ {kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs\
kz¥w \mY\pw bP-am-\\pw Bbn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\mWv.
kzm[n-Im-c-ap≈ {]iv\-ß-fn¬t]mepw Ah≥ bP-am\ lnXw am\n-
°p∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥ ]q¿W apkven-amWv. Ahs‚ "Ckvemw' ]q¿W-
 Ckvemw

am-bn-°-gn™p. Ahs‚ PohnXw ASn-apSn "apkvenw'BWv. Adnthm

t_m[tam C√msX, \n¿_-‘n-X-\mbn Iogvs]-´n-cp∂ AtX \mY∂v
Ct∏mƒ Adn-thmSpw t_m[-tØmSpw IqSn hgn-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-W-h≥.
Dt±-iy-c-ln-X-ambn A\p-k-cn-®n-cp∂ ssZhsØ Ct∏m-gh≥ Dt±-iy-
]q¿hw A\p-k-cn-°p∂p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚ ⁄m\w bYm¿Y-amWv. ImcWw,
Adn-hn\pw ⁄m\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn-\p-ap≈ i‡n- {]-Zm\w sNbvX ssZh-
sØ Ah≥ Adn™pIgn™p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚ Nn¥bpw A`n-{]m-bhpw
icn-bmWv. ImcWw, Nn¥m-i-‡nbpw {Kmly-i-‡nbpw A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-
\-ti-jnbpw {]Zm-\w-sNbvX ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ kzta-
[bm Btem-Nn®p Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚ \mhv kXy-amWv
]d-bp-∂Xv. ImcWw, AXn∂v kwkm-c-tijn \¬Inb ssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-
bmWv AXv samgn-bp-∂Xv. Ahs‚ apgp-h≥ Pohn-X-Ønepw kXyhpw
k∑m¿K-hp-am-Wp-≈Xv. ImcWw, Ah≥ X\n-°-[n-Im-c-ap-≈-Xnepw C√m-
Ø-Xnepw ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ß-fm-W-\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xv. Ct∏mƒ ka-kvX-tem-
I-tØmSpw Ah≥ _‘w ÿm]n-®p-I-gn™p. ImcWw, {]m]-©nI
hkvXp-°-f-Jn-ehpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ AtX
ssZhsØ Xs∂-bmWv Ah\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂Xv. Ct∏m-gh - ≥ `qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n[n (Jeo^)bmWv.
apgp-tem-Ihpw Ah-t‚Xpw Ah≥ ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xp-amWv.
ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw
C∏-d™ a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\mbn CXm as‰m-cmƒ: A-
h≥ apkven-ambn P\n®p; Adnhpw t_m[-hp-an-√msX apkven-am-bn-Øs∂
XpS¿∂p. ]t£, kz¥w _p≤nbpw ⁄m\-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v Ah≥ ssZ-
hsØ Adn-™n√; X\n°v A[n-Im-chpw kzmX-{¥yhpap≈- Im-cy-ß-
fn¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ CjvS-s∏-´n√. Ch≥ ssZh-\n-tj[n-
(Im^n¿) BWv. "Ip^v¿' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw "Hfn-∏n-°pI', "ad-bn-
SpI' Fs∂m-s°-bm-Ip∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥ kz¥w {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ta¬
Ahn-th-I-am-Ip∂ ad C´n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ahs\ "Im-
^n¿' F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. kXy-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI {]Ir-Xn-tbm-sS-bm-Wh≥
P\n-®Xv. Ahs‚ ico-c-Ønse k¿h-tIm-i-ßfpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv
Ckvem-ans‚ {]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. Ahs‚ Np‰n-ep-ap≈ kakvX-tem-Ihpw
Nen-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-ans‚ {]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. ]t£, Ahs‚ _p≤n-bpsS
ta¬ ad hoWn-cn-°p∂p. ka-kvX-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw Xs‚ Xs∂bpw
{]IrXn Ah∂v A⁄m-X-am-bn-t∏m-bn-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m-eh-≥ B {]Ir-
 Ckvemw

Xn-s°-Xn-cmbn Nn¥n-°p∂p; AXn-s∂-Xn-cmbn Nen-°p-hm≥ ]cn-{i-an-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂p.
\ntj-[-Øns‚ sISp-Xn-Iƒ
ssZh-\n-tj[w Hc-⁄-X-bmWv. F∂√, km£m¬ A⁄X AXv
Xs∂-bmWv. a\p-jy≥ kz¥w {kjvSm-hmb ssZhsØ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-
°pI F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ISpØ A⁄X as‰-¥p≠v? {]]-©-am-Ip∂
Cu ]Sp-Iq-‰≥ b{¥-ime cm∏-I¬ Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcmƒ Im-
Wp∂p. ]t£, AXv \n¿an®v \nb-{¥n®v \S-Øp-∂-Xm-sc∂v Ah-∂dn-
™p-IqSm! [mXp-eh- W
- ß
- fpw cmk-hk - vXp-°fpw tN¿Øv a\p-jy≥ F∂
\nkvXp-ehpw AZv`p-X-I-c-hp-amb Hcp krjvSnsb hm¿sØ-SpØ AXn-
\n-]p-W-\mb inev]n Bcm-sW-∂-h-∂-dn-bn√! Ahs‚ apºn¬ A\ym-
Zr-i-amb Bkq-{X-W-Øn-s‚bpw KWn-X-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw ck-X-{¥-Øns‚-
bpw ]cn-]q¿WX kv^pcn®p\n¬°p∂ sshhn[y kpµ-c-amb \nc-h[n
hkvXp°-fp≠v. IWn-i-amb bp‡nbpw Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ kma¿Yyhpw
sXfn-™p-\n-¬°p∂ ]Wn-Ø-c-ß-fp≠v. F∂n´pw Ah-\-dn-bp-∂n√, C-
hbv°p ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ k¿h-⁄\pw k¿hi-‡\pw ka¿-
Y\pw bp‡n-am-\p-amb i‡n-tb-sX∂v! Adn-hns‚ Cu BZym-£-cw-
t]mepw kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bn-´n-√mØ CØcw Hcp hy‡n°v bYm¿Y
⁄m\-Øns‚ IhmSw Xpd-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-ßs\? Cu a´n-ep-s≈m-cmƒ,
F{X KmV-am-bm-tem-Nn-®mepw F{X Xe-]p-I™ - m-tem-Nn-®mepw ⁄m\-
Øns‚ EPphpw ktµ-lc - l
- n-Xh
- p-amb Dd® am¿Kw Hcp cwKØpw Is≠-
Øp-I-bn√. ImcWw, XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂ A⁄-X-bm-Ip∂ A‘-Im-c-
am-W-bmƒ ImWpI. HSp-°hpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√.
ssZh-\n-tj[w(Ip^v¿) Hcp A{I-a-amWv. F∂√, G‰hpw henb
A{Iaw Ip^vdmWv. A{Iaw F∂m-se-s¥∂v \ap-°-dnbmw. Hcp hkvXp-
sh kz¥w {]Ir-Xn°pw kz`m-h-Øn\pw hncp-≤-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-
XmWv A{Iaw. {]m]-©nI hkvXp°-f-Jn-ehpw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-
\p-h¿Øn-I-fm-sW∂pw Ah-bpsS {]IrXn Xs∂ "Ckvemw' BsW∂pw
apºp ]d-™p-ht√m. a\p-jy-i-co-chpw AXnse k¿hmw-K-ßfpw CtX
{]Ir-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-®mWv Nen-°p-∂Xv. Ah-bv°p-ta¬ B[n-]Xyw ]pe¿-
Øm-\p≈ ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX{¥yw ssZhw a\p-jy∂v \¬In-bn-´p-s≠-
∂Xv icn-bmWv. ]t£, Ah ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\m-Øp-]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-
∂-XmWv Ah-bpsS {]IrXn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. ]t£, Hcp \ntj[n,
 Ckvemw

Ah kz¥w {]Ir-Xn-s°-Xn-cm-bm-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-°pI. Ah≥ kzin-c v

A\y-cpsS apºn¬ Ip\n-°p∂p. bYm¿Y-Øn-eXv ssZh-Øns‚ Zmk-
\mWv. A\y-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\lm-Z-c-hp-I-fm-Ip∂ hn{K-l-ßsf Ah≥ kza-
\- n¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°p∂p. {]IrXym ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ `b-`-‡n-_-lp-am-
\-߃ am{Xw \nd-™p- \n¬t°-≠-XmWm a\- v. kz¥w Ah-b-h-ßfpw
kz¥w \n-b-{¥-W-Øn-ep≈ a‰p hkvXp°-sfbpw Ah≥ ssZth-O-s°-
Xn-cmbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. kXy-Øn¬ Ah-bpsS {]IrXn B{K-
ln-°p-∂Xv Ah ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-S-W-sa-∂mWv.
Cu a\p-jy≥ k¿h-h-kvXp-°-tfmSpw A{Iaw ImWn-°p-I-bmWv. kz¥w
AkvXn-Xz-tØmSp t]mepw. Cbm-sf-°mƒ henb as‰m-c-{I-an-bmcv?
ssZh-\n-tj[w A{Iaw am{X-a√, [n°m-chpw IqSn-bmWv. cmPy-t{Zm-
lhpw \µn-tI-Sp-am-WXv. Btem-Nn®p t\m°pI: a\p-jys‚ hiw kz¥-
ambn F¥m-Wp-≈Xv? Ahs‚ akvXnjvIw krjvSn-®-Xm-cmWv? Aht\m
AtXm, ssZhtam? lrZbw, t\{Xw, \mhv XpS-ßnb Ah-b-h-߃
BcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? Ahs‚ Xs∂tbm AtXm ssZh-Øn-s‚tXm?
a\p-jys‚ Np‰nepw AkwJyw hkvXp-°ƒ! B hkvXp-°ƒ Ahs‚
D]-tbm-KØ- n\v ]mI-Øn¬! Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\p≈ i‡nbpw bp‡n-
bp-ap≠v a\p-jy∂v! CsXms° krjvSn-s®m-cp-°n-bXv a\p-jy≥ Xs∂tbm
AtXm ssZhtam? kIe hkvXp-°fpw ssZh-Øn-s‚-XmWv; Ah-\m-W-
h-bpsS {kjvSmhv; Ah≥ am{X-am-W-h-bpsS DSa; Ah≥ \¬In-b-Xp-
sIm≠v am{X-amWv Ah a\p-jy∂v e`n-®Xv ˛ CsX√mw Bcpw kΩ-Xn-
°p∂ kXy-ßf - mWv. kXyw CXm-sW-¶n¬, ssZhw \¬Inb akvXnjvIw
D]-tbm-Kn®v ssZh-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xpw ssZhw \¬Inb lrZ-
b-Øn¬ ssZh-hn-cp-≤m-i-b-߃ ]pe¿Øp-∂Xpw ssZh-a-cp-fnb ]t©-
{µn-b-߃ ssZhm-`o-jvS-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xpw [n°m-chpw
\µn-tISpw ssZ-h-t{Zm-l-hp-a-s√-¶n¬ as‰-¥mWv? Hcp `rXy≥ bP-am-\s‚
tNmdpw Xn∂v Abm-tfmSv [n°mcw ImWn-®m¬ \ma-hs\ \µn-sI-´-h-
s\∂v hnfn°pw. Hcp-tZym-K-ÿ≥ kz¥w A[n-Im-c-߃ `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-
s∂-Xnsc D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-]£w \ma-hs\ cmPy-t{Zmln F∂p hnfn°pw.
Hcmƒ X\n-°p-]-Imcw sNbvX-hs\ h©n-°p∂ ]£w \ma-hs\ \µn-
bn-√m-Ø-h-s\∂pw h©-I-s\∂pw hnfn°pw.
F∂m¬, a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-t\mSv \µn-tISpw h©-\bpw [n°m-chpw
sNøpI F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ F¥¿Y-am-Wp-≈Xv? Hcp a\p-jy∂v Blm-
 Ckvemw

cw \¬Im≥ as‰mcp a\p-jy∂v Ign-bp-∂-sX-ßs\? bYm¿Y-Øn¬

Blmcw \¬Ip-∂Xv ssZh-at√? DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS A[n-Im-c-߃
FhnsS-\n∂v h∂p? B[n-]-Xyhpw A[n-Im-chpw \¬Ip-∂Xv ssZh-at√?
Hcmƒ A]-c∂v \≥a sNøp-∂-sX-ßs\? F√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-at√?
a\p-jys‚ G‰hpw henb IS-∏mSv kz¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sm-Wt√m.
F∂m¬, amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ k¥m-\-hm-’-ey-ap-≠m-
°n-b-Xm-cmWv? amXm-hns‚ ape-∏m¬ BcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? Xm≥
]Wn- s ∏- ´ p- ≠ m- ° nb kºmZyw, {]tbm- P - \ - c - l n- X - a mb Hcp amwk-
]nWv U w am{X- a mb Xs‚ k¥m- \ - Ø n\mbn kk- t ¥mjw hybw
sNøp-hm-\p≈ a\-ÿnXn ]nXr-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ BcmWv krjvSn-®Xv?
B amwk-]n-WvUsØ Xo‰n-t∏m-‰n-h-f¿Øp-hm\pw Ah∂v in£W
kwkvIc-W-߃ \¬Ip-hm-\p-ambn kz¥w [\hpw ka-bhpw kpJ-
t`m-K-ßfpw _en-b¿∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ t{]c-I-i‡n ]nXm-°-fn¬ krjvSn-
®- X m- c mWv ? "ssZhw' Ft∂ adp- ] - S n- b p≈q. At∏mƒ a\p- j ys‚
km£m¬ KpW-Imw-£nbpw bYm¿Y cmPmhpw ssZh-amWv. k¿thm-
]cn Ahs‚ kwc-£-I\pw. B ssZhsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw Ahs\
ssZh-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ a\p-jy≥ F{X ISpØ
[n°m-cnbpw cmPy-t{Zm-ln-bp-amWv! B ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cn-
°p-∂Xpw Ahs‚ Zmk-\mbn h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw F¥p-am{Xw
h©-\bpw \µn-tI-Sp-amWv!
F∂m¬, ssZh-\n-tj[w ssZh-Øn\v h√ lm\nbpw hcp-Øn-°-
f-bp-sa∂v Icp-X-cpXv. alm-cm-Pm-hmWv ssZhw. Ahs‚ `c-Wm-Xn¿Øn-
bpsS BZnbpw A¥yhpw \ap-°n-Xp-hsc a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n√.
AXn-i-‡-\mWv ssZhw. tImSn-°-W-°mb hm\-tKm-f-ßsf kz¥w
B⁄-b\ - p-kc
- n®v ]¥p-t]mse Id-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ alm-i‡- n-am≥.
{]]-©-Øn-ep≈ kI-eXpw Ahs‚ kzØmWv. Ah-bpsS Ah-Im-i-
Øn¬ as‰m-∂n\pw Hml-cn-bn√. AXn-_r-lØpw \n o-a-hp-am-WXv. {]]-
©-Ønse k¿h- h-kvXp-°fpw B{i-bn-°p∂ alm-k-{am-´m-W-h≥. Ah-
∂v a‰m-scbpw B{i-bn-t°≠ Bh-iy-an√. k¿h{X kzX-{¥-\m-W-h≥.
Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp alm-cm-Pm-hn\v a\p-jy≥ Ahs\ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-
XvsIm≠v h√ em`tam Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v h√ \jvStam kw`-
hn-°ptam? AXn-\p-am{Xw a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-Øn\v F¥v ÿm\-am-Wp-≈Xv?
a\p-jys‚ IrX-Lv\X - bpw [n°m-chpw hgn ssZh-Øn\v bmsXmcp lm\n-
bpw G¬]n-°pI km[y-a√. adn®v, AXp-hgn a\p-jy≥ kz¥w \mi-
 Ckvemw

Øn-\p≈ kma-{Kn-Iƒ kzbw Hcp-°pI am{X-amWv sNøp-∂Xv.

a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw ]cm-Pn-X\pw \jvS-s∏-´-h\pw Bbn-Øo-cpI
F∂-XmWv ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-[n-°m-c-Øn-s‚bpw A\n-hm-
cy-^ew. Ah-s∂m-cn-°epw ⁄m\-Øns‚ t\¿hgn e`n-°n√. kz¥w
{kjvSm-hn-s\-t∏mepw Adn-bm-\p-X-ImØ ⁄m\w as‰¥v Ad-nhmWv
t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°pI? Ahs‚ _p≤n kZm hf-™-h-gnt° Ncn°q. kz¥w
{kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ ]ng-®p-t]mb _p≤n as‰-¥n-emWv
t\¿hgn \S-°pI? Pohn-X-Ønse kIe G¿∏m-Sp-I-fnepw Ah∂v ]nghv
]nW-™p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw; [m¿an-Ihpw \mK-cn-Ihpw kmwk¿Kn-Ihpw
kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb taJ-e-I-sf√mw
\mtim≥ap-J-am-bn-cn°pw. temIØh≥ \m-ihpw Ipg-∏hpw ]cØpw;
c‡-∏p-g-I-sfm-gp°pw. A\ysc A{I-an°pw; A]-cs‚ Ah-Im-i-ß-f-]-
l-cn°pw. Zpjn® Bi-b-ßfpw ZpjvsN-bvXn-Ifpw hgn kzPo-hn-XsØ
Xs∂ ZpjvI-chpw \c-I-Xp-ey-hp-am°pw. C\n-b-h≥ ]mc-{XnI temI-
sØ-Øn-bmtem? Ahs‚ A{I-aß - ƒ°n-cb
- mb k¿h- hkvXp-°fpw Ah-
s∂-Xn-cn¬ A\ymbw t_m[n-∏n°pw. Ahs‚ akvXn-jvIhpw lrZ-bhpw
IÆp-Ifpw ImXp-Ifpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw am{X-a-√, Hmtcm tcmahpw ssZh-
k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Bh-emXn t_m[n-∏n°pw˛ \ns‚ I¬]\ ewLn-°p-Ibpw
\ns∂ [n°-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hm≥ Cu A{Ian Rßsf _em-¬°mcw
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v! ssZhsØ [n°-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ah≥
\S-°p-Ibpw \nh-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX `qanbpw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn Ign®
Blm-chpw \njn≤ am¿K-Øn¬ kºm-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNe-h-gn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvX [\hpw A\ym-ba - mbn ssIh-is
- ∏-SpØn D]-tbm-Kn® a‰p hkvXp-
°fpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ah-s∂-Xnsc ]cmXn ]dbpw. \oXn-am-\mb
ssZhw ]cm-Xn-°m-cpsS k¶-S-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-\mbn Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°v ITn-
\hpw \nµy-hp-amb in£ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpw.
Ckvem-ans‚ kZv^-e-߃
ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øns‚ tZmj-^-e-ß-fmWv CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv. C\n,
Ckvem-an-I-am¿Kw Df-hm-°p∂ kZv^-e-߃ ]cn-tim-[n°mw. {]]-©-
Øn-ep-S-\ofw Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ hym]n-®p-In-S°p--∂p-s≠∂v
apºv {K-ln-®p-ht√m. kp`-{Z-amb Hcp hyh-ÿ-bn¬, kpi-‡-amb \nba-
߃°p Iogn¬ Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ AXn-a-l-Ømb Cu {]]©w
\n¿an®v \S-Øp-∂Xv AP-ø-\mb Hc-[n-]-\m-sW∂pw Ahs‚ B[n-]-
 Ckvemw

Xy-Øn-s∂-Xnsc Xe-s]m-°m≥ bmsXm-∂n\pw km[y-a-s√∂pw D≈-

Xn∂v kIe {]m]-©n-I-h-kvXp-°-fpw km£yw hln-°p-∂p≠v.
{]]-©-Øn-s‚-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°pI F∂-
XmWv a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xnbpw. t_m[-]q¿h-a-√msX Xs∂ Ah≥ kZm
ssZhsØ A\p- k - c n- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p∂p. ImcWw, ssZh- Ø ns‚
{]IrXn\nb-a-߃ ew-Ln®psIm≠v Ah-∂n-hnsS Pohn-®n-cn-°pI
km[y- a √.
ssZhw a\p-jy\v ⁄m\ kºm-Z-\-tijn \¬In; Btem-N\m
i-‡nbpw {Kl-W-ti-jnbpw \¬In; kXym-kXy hnth-N-\-Øn-\p≈
Ign-thIn. AtXm-sSm∏w Ah∂v kzmX-{¥yhpw {]Zm\w sNbvXp.
Cu kzmX-{¥y-Zm-\-Øns‚ km£m¬ Dt±iyw a\p-jys\ ]co-£n-
°-emWv ˛ Ahs‚ ⁄m\-sØbpw _p≤n-sbbpw hnth-N-\-i-‡n-
sbbpw ]co-£n-°¬. Ah∂v e`n® kzmX-{¥yw Fßs\ D]-tbm-Kn-
°p∂p F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°¬. Cu ]co-£-bn¬ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp
am¿Kw Xs∂ kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy≥ \n¿_-‘n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√.
Aßs\ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ ]£w ]co-£-bpsS Dt±iyw Xs∂ hn^-
eam- b n- t ∏mIpw. tNmZy- ° - S - e mkp sImSpØ tijw Hcp \n›nX
DØcw Xs∂-sb-gp-Xm≥ hnZym¿Yn-Isf \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂-]£w ]ns∂-
sb-¥n-\mWv ]co£? GXp-Ø-c-hp-sa-gp-Xm≥ kzmX{¥yw Ds≠-¶nte
Ah-cpsS icn-bmb tbmKyX Is≠-Øm-\mhq. icn-bp-Ø-c-sa-gp-Xp-
∂-h¿ hnP-bn°pw. Ah¿°p apºn¬ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS IhmSw Xpd-
∂p-In´pw. sX‰mb DØ-c-sa-gp-Xn-b-h¿ tXm¬°pw. kz¥w A{]m-
]vXnbpw Atbm-Ky-Xbpw `mhn]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]mX Ah¿°p apºn¬
AS-®p-I-fbpw.
Hcp hy‡n Xs‚bpw {]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw {]IrXn Adn-bp-∂n√.
kz¥w {kjvSm-hn-s\bpw Ahs‚ KpW-K-W-ß-sfbpw icn-bmbn a\-
 n-em-°p-∂n√. X\n°p e`n® ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX{¥yw Zpcp-]-tbm-K-
s∏-SpØn Abmƒ \nb-a-ew-L\w \S-Øp-Ibpw [n°mcw ImWn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥ ]co-£-bn¬ tXm‰-h-\mWv. ⁄m\w, _p≤n,
hnth-N-\-i‡n, I¿Ø-hy-t_m[w F∂n-h-bnse ]co-£-bn-e-bmƒ tXm‰-
ºn-bn-cn-°p∂p. Xms\mcp Xcw-XmW a\p-jy-\m-sW∂pw H∂n\pw sIm-
≈m-Ø-h-\m-sW∂pw kzbw sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬, ta¬sNm∂
hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-Wm-ata Abm-f¿ln-°p-∂p≈q.
 Ckvemw

C\n as‰mcp hy‡n ˛ ]co£ Pbn- ® - h ≥. Abmƒ Xs‚

⁄m\hpw _p≤nbpw icn-°p-]-tbm-Kn®v ssZhsØ Adn™p; AwKo-
I- c n®p. AXn- ∂ - b mƒ \n¿_- ‘ n- X - \ m- b n- c p- ∂ n√. \≥a Xn≥a- I sf
th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nghv ]‰msX, Xs‚ kzX-{¥-amb sXc-s™-Sp-
∏n-eqsS Abmƒ \≥asb CjvS-s∏´p. Xn≥a kzoI-cn-°p-hm-\-bmƒ°v
kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, sNbvXn√. Abmƒ kz¥w {]IrXn
icn°v a\- n-em°n; Xs‚ ssZhsØ Xncn-®-dn™p. \nbaw ewLn-
°m-\-bmƒ°v kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-am-
W-bmƒ sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv. Cu a\p-jy≥ ]-co-£-bn¬ Pbn®p. F¥p-
sIm≠v? Abmƒ Xs‚ _p≤n icn-°p-]-tbm-Kn®p; IÆp-IƒsIm≠v
\√-hÆw I≠p; ImXp-IƒsIm≠v \∂mbn tI´p; akvXn-jvIw-sIm≠v
icn- b mb A`n- { ]mbw cq]o- I - c n®p; kXyw kzoI- c n- ° p- s a∂v a\-
 vsIm≠v Xocp-am-\n®p; kXyw Xncn-®-dn-™p-sIm≠v Xm≥ kXy-
t_m-[-ap-≈-h-\m-sW∂v ImWn®p; kXy-Øn\p apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-®p-
sIm≠v Xm≥ kXy-Øns‚ tkh-I-\m-sW∂v sXfn-bn®p. Aßs\
Abmƒ ]co£ Pbn®p. CØcw kZvKp-W-ß-fp≈ hy‡n-Iƒ Cl-
Ønepw ]c-Ønepw hnPbw {]m]n-°pI Xs∂-sNøpw ˛ Xo¿®.
Cu a\p-jy≥ PvRm\ I¿a-ß-fpsS GXv taJ-e-bnepw icn-bmb
hgn-bnte k©-cn°q. ImcWw, {kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs‚
KpW-߃ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hy‡n ⁄m\-Øns‚ BZn-bp-a-
¥yhpw icn°v {Kln-®-h-\mWv. AØcw hy‡n°v Hcn-°epw ]nghv
]‰n√. AbmfpsS BZy Im¬sh∏v Xs∂ k≥am¿K-Øn-emWv. Xs‚
A¥ye£ysØ°pdn®pw Dd® t_m[-ap-≠b - mƒ°v. Abmƒ Hcp XØzm-
t\z-jn-sb-t∏mse {]]-©-c-l-ky-ß-f-dn-bm≥ ]cn-{i-an°pw. ]t£, A-
bmƒ Hc-hn-izm-kn-sb-t∏mse Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fnepw A\p-am-\-ß-fnepw
sN-∂p-S-°n√. Abmƒ {]Ir-Xn-imkv{Xw hgn {]m]-©nI \nb-a-߃ ]-
Tn-°m≥ ]cn-{i-an°pw; {]]-©-Øn-e-¥¿`-hn®p InS-°p∂ cl-ky-߃
]pd-sØ-Sp°pw; a\p-jy-\n¬ ssZhw \nt£]n-®p-sh® i‡nhnti-j-
߃ At\z-jn®v Is≠Øpw; BImi `qan-I-fnse k¿h hkvXp-°fpw
Fßs\ bYm-hn[n D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa∂v I≠p]nSn°pw; F∂m¬,
At∏m-sgms° imkv{X-⁄m-\sØ Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw
ssZh-t_m[w Abmsf XSbpw. ""Rm≥ C°m-Wp∂ hkvXp-°-fp-sS-
* Cu Zpxÿn-Xn-bmWv C∂v B[p-\nI a\p-jys\ t\cn-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. tUm. tPmUv ]d-
bp∂p: ""imkv{Xw Znhy-k-am-\-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ \ap°v {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p.
 Ckvemw

sb√mw DS-a-bmWv; {]Ir-Xnsb Rm≥ Iog-S-°n-°-gn™p; Rm≥ {]Ir-

Xn-im-kv{XsØ Fs‚ kzm¿Y-Øn-\mbn btYjvSw D]-tbm-Kn°pw;
temIsØ Rm≥ A´n-a-dn°pw; sIm≈bpw sImebpw c‡-s®m-cn-®nepw
hgn Fs‚ A[n-Im-cm-[n-]Xyw Rm≥ temI-amsI ÿm]n°pw'' F∂n-
ß-s\-bp≈ sX‰-p[m-c-W-sbm∂pw Abmƒ°p-≠m-hn√. CXv ssZh-\n-
tj-[n-bmb Hcp imkv{X-⁄s‚ am{Xw hoc-hm-Z-ß-fmWv.* imkv{Xob
Kth-j-W-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-t¥mdpw apkvenw imkv{X-⁄s‚
ssZh-hn-izmkw ZrV-X-c-am-bn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn°pw. A{X-bp-a-bmƒ ssZh-
tØmSv \µn- b p- ≈ - h - \ p- a m- b n- c n°pw. kz\m- Y ≥ Xs‚ Ignhpw
⁄m\hpw h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ tXmX-\p-k-cn®v Xm≥ kaq-l-Øns‚
t£ssa- i z- c y- ß ƒ°mbn ]c- a m- h [n ]cn- { i- a n- t °- ≠ - X p- s ≠- ∂ m- b n-
cn°pw Abm- f psS hnizmkw. ssZhw X\n°- c p- f nb A\p- { K- l -
߃°p≈ \µn-{]-Im-i\w AsXm∂p am{X-am-sW-∂-bmƒ IcpXpw.
A{]-Imcw Xs∂ Ncn{Xw, kmº-Øn-I-imkv{Xw, cmjv{S-ao-amwk,
\nbaw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ \S-Øp∂ ]T\˛Kth-jW˛ \nco-£-W-
ß-fnepw Hcp apkvenw Hcn-°epw \ntj-[n-bpsS ]nd-In-em-bn-cn-°n√.
]t£, Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ho£-W-ß-fn¬ henb A¥cw ImWpw. imkv{X
]T\w \S-Øp∂ apkven-an\v icn-bmb ho£-Whpw ]hn-{X-amb Dt±-
iyhpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. X≥aqew Abmƒ icn-bmb \nK-a-\-ß-f-nse-Øn-
t®-cp∂p; Ncn{Xw ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS `qX-Im-em-\p-`-h-ß-
fn¬\n∂v ]mT-apƒs°m-≈p∂p. P\-ka - q-lß
- f
- psS D∞m\˛]X-\ß
- ƒ°v
tlXp-hmbn h¿Øn® LS-I-ßfpw Ah-cpsS kwkvImc˛\mK-cn-I-X-I-
fn-e¥
- ¿`-hn® Pt\m-]I
- m-c{- ]-Za
- mb Imcy-ßfpw Abmƒ NnI-s™-Sp°pw.

F¶nepw Ah {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ kvIqƒ Ip´n-I-fp-sSbpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-

cp-sSbpw at\m-`m-h-amWv \mw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂Xv.'' {]apJ Zm¿i-\n-I-\mb _¿{S≠v
d ¬ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Iptd-°qSn sXfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, D]m-[n-Iƒ°p-th≠n a\p-
jy-km-a¿Yyhpw e£y-߃°p-th≠n a\p-jy-hn-UvVn-Øhpw XΩn¬ \S-°p∂
Hcp ]¥-bØ - ns‚ \Sp-°mWv \mw C∂p-≈Xv. hnh-ct- °Spw Imcy-£a - X
- b
- n-√m-bvabpw
sIm≠mWv a\p-jy≥ C∂v hsc AXn-Po-hn-®n-´p-≈Xv. ⁄m\hpw Imcy-£-a-Xbpw
hnUvVn-Øhpw H∂p-tN¿∂-tXmsS `mhn IqSp-X¬ kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-bn-cn-°-bmWv.
⁄m\w i‡n-bmWv. \∑-s°-∂-t]mse Xn≥a-°pap≈ i‡n. ⁄m\w IqSp-∂-
Xn-∂-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jy\v Xt‚Sw IqSm-Ø-]£w ⁄m\ h¿[\ bYm¿Y-Øn¬
k¥m-]-h¿[-\-bm-bn-cn°pw.'' (Impact of Science on Society pp. 120-121)
as‰mcp {]apJ Nn¥-I≥ Cu hntcm-[m-`m-ksØ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI: ""hmbp-
hn¬ ]d-h-I-sf-t∏mse ]d-°m\pw shf-f-Øn¬ a’y-sØ-t∏mse \o¥m\pw \mw
]Tn-®n-cn-°p∂p. `qan-bn¬ a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse Pohn-°m≥ am{Xw \ap-°-dn-™p-IqSm.''
( Quoted by Joad in 'Counter Attack From the East' p. 28)
 Ckvemw

F∂n´v D¬Ir-jvS-hn-`m-K-ß-fn¬ Is≠-Ønb KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-]-tbm-

K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Zpjn® kaq-l-ß-fpsS XI¿®°v \nZm-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂
Xn≥a-Isf Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. kmº-ØnI cwK-Ø-bmƒ
GXm\pw hy‡n-Iƒ°v am{Xw em`w t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw \nc-h[n
t]¿°v \jvSw hcp-Øn-sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v ]Icw
a\p-jy-cm-in-s°m-cp-t]mse KpW-{]-Z-amb [\m-K-a-\ -hyb coXn Bhn-
jvI-cn°pw. cmjv{So-b-ta-J-e-bn¬ Abm-fpsS apgp-{i-≤bpw, temIØv
im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw \≥abpw \oXnbpw hnf-bm-Sm-\p-X-Ip∂ `c-
W-hy-hÿ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-em-bn-cn°pw. Hcp hy‡ntbm I£ntbm
ssZh-Zm-k≥-amsc kz¥w Zmk≥am-cm°n am‰m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Abmƒ
{i≤n°pw. `c-W-sØbpw AXns‚ apgp-h≥ kzm[o-\-i-‡n-sbbpw ssZh-
Øns‚ A\m-aØ - mbn am{Xta Abmƒ KWn°q. am{X-a√, Ahsb ssZh-
Zm-k≥am-cpsS t£ssaiz-cy-߃°mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ]c-am-
h[n ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. \nbaw ssIIm-cyw-sN-øp-tºmƒ P\-
߃°v kºq¿W-\oXn ssIh-cp-Ø-em-bn-cn°pw Abm-fpsS e£yw ˛
A¿l-cm-b-h¿°v kz¥w Ah-Im-i-߃ \oXn-]q¿hw e`y-am-°p-Ibpw
Bcpw A\o-Xn°v hnt[-b-cm-hm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \nb-a-hy-hÿ.
apkven-ans‚ kz`m-hØ
- n¬ ssZh-`‡
- nbpw kXy-k‘ - X
- bpw k≥am¿-
K \njvTbpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. k¿h-Øn-s‚bpw DSa ssZh-amWv; Xs‚bpw
a‰p-≈-h-cps-Sbpw ]°-ep-≈-sX√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv; Xm≥ bmsXm-∂n-
s‚bpw DS-ab- √˛ kzi-co-cØ
- ns‚ t]mepw. kI-eXpw ssZh-Øns‚ A\m-
a-ØmWv; Ah ssIImcyw sNøm≥ X\n°v \¬I-s∏´ A[n-Imc kzmX-
{¥y-ßsf Xm≥ ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv am{Xw ssIImcyw sNtø-≠-
Xp≠v; Hcp-\mƒ Cu A\m-aØv ssZhw Xncn-®p-hmßpw; A∂v Hmtcm
hkvXp-hn-s‚bpw IW°v Xm≥ t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠n-hcpw ˛ Cu t_m[w
Hmtcm apkven-an-s‚bpw a\- n¬ kPo-h-am-bn-cn°pw.
Cu t_m[-tØmsS PohnXw \bn-°p∂ a\p-jys‚ kz`mh KpW-
߃ F¥p-am{Xw D¬Ir-jvS-am-bn-cn°pw! Abm-fpsS a\ v Zp¿hn-Nm-c-
ß-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-am-bn-cn°pw; ZpjvNn-¥-Iƒ Abm-fpsS akvXn-jvI-Øn-
\-\y-am-bn-cn°pw; Xs‚ IÆp-Isf Xn≥a-I-fn¬\n-∂-bmƒ Xncn-®p-I-fbpw;
kt`y-X-c-am-b-h-bn¬\n∂v ImXp-I-f-S°pw. Abm-fpsS \mhv AkXyw
Dcn-bm-Sp-I-bn√. kz¥w Bam-i-b-Øn¬ \njn-≤-amb `£Ww \nd-bv°p-
∂-Xnepw Abmƒ-°njvSw hni-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw. Abm-fpsS Ic-
߃, \ymb-an-√msX, A\y¿°v t\sc Db-cp-I-bn√; Imep-Iƒ sX‰mb
 Ckvemw

hgn-bn¬ Ncn-°p-Ibpan√; kz¥w inc- ns\, AXv tOZn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v

h∂m¬t]mepw, A\y-cpsS apºn-e-bmƒ Ip\n-°p-I-bn√. Xs‚ bmsXm-
cm-ibpw Bh-iyhpw A{I-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw hgn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-I-bn√.
\≥a-bp-sSbpw t{ijvT-X-bp-sSbpw aq¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-a-bmƒ. Abmƒ°v
kXyw, k¿h-Ønepw hne-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cn°pw. AXn-∂p-th≠n Xs‚ apgp-
h≥ Bi-I-fp-a-bmƒ _en-b¿∏n°pw. kIe em`-ßfpw ]cn-Xy-Pn°pw
˛ kztZ-l-sØ-t∏mepw! h√ em`hpw {]Xo-£nt®m \jvSw `bt∂m Ak-
Xy-hp-ambn Atijw Abmƒ kl-Ic - n-°p-Ib
- n√. hnPbw AØ-c°- m¿°v
am{Xw A¿l-X-s∏-´-XmWv.
Cu a\p-jys\-°mƒ t{ijvT\pw am\y-\p-amb as‰m-cmƒ D≠m-hn√.
Imc-W-ap≠v. Abm-fpsS inc v ssZh-Øn-s‚-b-√msX a‰m-cpsS apºnepw
Ip\n-bp-∂n√. Abm-fpsS ssIIƒ ssZth-X-c≥am-cpsS apºn-te°v \ofp-
∂n√. At∏mƒ ]ns∂, Abmsf lo\Xzw _m[n-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? Cu
a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ i‡-\mb as‰m-cmfpw D≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ°v
ssZh-sØ-sbm-gn®v a‰m-scbpw `b-an√. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂-√msX A\p-
{K-ltam HuZm-cytam Abm-fm-in-°p-∂n√. Cu a´n-ep≈ Hcmsf kXy-
Øn¬ \n∂v hyXn-N-en-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ i‡n-tb-Xp≠v? Abm-fpsS
hnizmkw hne-°p-hm-ßm≥ GXv kº-Øn-\mWv km[y-am-hpI.
Cu hnizm-kn-sb-°mƒ sFiz-cy-hm-\mbn as‰m-cmfpw `qap-J-Øp-≠m-
hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ BUw-_-c-{]n-b-\√; tZtl-O-I-fpsS ASn-a-b√.
Zpcbpw AXym¿Øn-bp-ap-≈-h-\√; \ymbhpw \nb-a-hn-t[-b-hp-amb A[zm-
\-^-e-Øn¬ kwXr-]vX-\m-W-bmƒ. \njn-≤-am¿K-Ønepw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-
ambpw kzcq-]n® kº-Øn-t\mSv \nµbpw shdp∏pw am{Xta Abmƒ°p-
≠mIq. Abm-fXv Ah-⁄m-]q¿hw Xnc-kvIc - n°pw. a\x-im-¥nbpw kwXr-
]vXn-bp-am-Ip∂ kº-Øn-s\-°mƒ Aaq-ey-amb as‰¥v kzØmWv a\p-
jy\v e`n-°m-\p-≈Xv?
Cu a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ DØ-a-\mb Hcp kplrtØm Iq´p-Im-ct\m
D≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw hI-sh®p
sImSp-°p∂p; Bcp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw A]-l-cn-°p-∂n√. k¿h-P-\-ß-
tfmSpw \≥a-sN-øp∂p. BtcmSpw Xn≥a-sN-øp-∂n√. k¿h-P\
- ß
- f
- p-sSbpw
t£ssa-iz-cy߃°mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, AXn\v bmsXmcp
{]Xn-^e-hp-am-{K-ln-°p-∂n√. P\-lr-Z-b-߃ kzbw Abm-fn-te-°m-
I¿jn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. Abmsf kvt\ln-°p-hm\pw _lp-am-\n-°p-hm\pw
 Ckvemw

kI-ecpw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

Cu a\p-jys\-°mƒ k¿h-k-Ω-X\pw hniz-kvX-\p-ambn as‰m-cp-
Ø- \ p- ≠ m- h n√. ImcWw, Abmƒ hnizm- k - h - © \ sNøp- I - b n√;
kXyw apdp-sI-∏n-Sn°pw; hmKvZØw ]men°pw; F¥n\pw tbmKy-\m-
bn-cn°pw; a‰p-≈-h¿ Xs∂ I≠m-ep-an-s√-¶nepw ssZhw ImWp-∂p-
s≠∂ t_m[-Øm-e-bmƒ k¿h-cw-KØpw kXy-k-‘X ]pe¿Øpw.
Cu a´n-ep≈ Hcmsf BcmWv hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI? Hcp apkven-
ans‚ kz`m-h-N-cy-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂-]£w Abmƒ \oN\pw lo\\pw
]cm-Pn-X\pw A\y¿°-[o-\\pw Bbn-cn-°pI Hcn-°epw km[y-a-s√∂v
hy‡-amIpw. Abm-sf-t∏mgpw tPXmhpw A[n-Im-cnbpw D∂-X\pw
Xs∂ Bbn-cn°pw. ImcWw, Ah-\n-ep-f-hm-°p∂ t{ijvT-Kp-W-ßsf
AXn-P-bn-°p-hm≥ Hcp i‡n°pw km[y-am-hn√.
Cßs\, Cu temIØv am\y-X-tbmSpw t{ijvT-Kp-W-ß-tfmSpw
IqSn PohnXw \bn-®-tijw Ah≥ kz\m-Y-\mb {]]© {kjvSm-
hns‚ Xncp- k - ∂ n- [ n- b n¬ lmP- c m- h p∂p. At∏mƒ ssZhw Xs‚
kvt\lm-\p-{K-l-ßfpw Icp-Wm-I-Sm-£-ßfpw Ahs‚ ta¬ h¿jn--
°p∂p. ImcWw, ssZhw Ah-s\-tb¬]n® A\m-aØv hcp-Øn-sh®
DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃ Abmƒ IrXy-ambn \nd-th-‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ssZh-
Øns‚ kIe ]co-£-Ifpw \qdp-i-X-am\w am¿t°msS Abmƒ hnP-
bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. CXt{X, imiz-X -hn-Pbw. Cl-temIw sXm´v ]c-temIw
hsc XpS¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂, A\-¥-amb, al-Ø-c-amb hnPbw.
CXm-Wnkvemw ˛ {]IrXn aXw. Cu aXw Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-
b-tØmtSm cmPy-tØmtSm am{X-ambn _‘-s∏-´-X√. F√m ImeØpw,
F√m cmPyØpw F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fnepw Ign-™p-t]mb ssZh-`-‡cpw
 Ckvemw

kXy- k - ‘ - c p- a mb F√m k÷- \ - ß - f p- s Sbpw aX- a m- b n- c p∂p CXv .

Nnecp-sS `mj-bn¬ AXns‚ t]¿ "Ckvemw' F∂m-bn-cp∂ncn°mw.
a‰p t]cp- I - f nepw AX- d n- b - s ∏- ´ n- c n°mw. GXm- b mepw Ah- s c√mw
"apkvenw-'Iƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p.

hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw
"Ckvemw' F∂Xv temI-\m-Y-\mb ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚
t]cm-sW∂v Ign™ A[ym-b-Øn¬\n∂v {Kln-®p-ht√m. C\n ]d-bp-
∂Xv, A\p-k-c-W-Øn\v Adn-hn-s‚bpw ZrVhn-izm-k-Øn-s‚bpw Bh-
iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn-®mWv. a\p-jy≥ Nne kwK-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bp-Ibpw B Adn-
hv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNømØ Ime-tØmfw Ah∂v ssZh-
sØ A\p-k-cn-°pI km[y-a√. H∂m-a-Xmbn, ssZh-Øns‚ BkvXn-Iy-
sØ-°p-dn®v a\p-jy∂v ]q¿W-amb Dd-∏p-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. ssZhw Ds≠-
∂p≈ hnizmkw Xs∂ C√m-Ø-h∂v ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-\m-hn-
√t√m. AtXm-sSm∏w ssZhnI kØ-bpsS KpW-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-
hpw thWw. ssZhw GI-\m-sW∂pw Ah∂v Xpey-ambn H∂p-an-s√∂pw
Ad-nbmØ Hcmƒ A\y-cpsS apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-°p-Ibpw ssI\o-´p-Ibpw
sNøpI kzm`m-hnIw. AXp-t]mseØs∂ ssZhw F√mw tIƒ°p-∂-
h\pw Adn-bp-∂-h-\p-am-sW∂v Hcmƒ°-dn-bn-s√-¶n¬ ssZhnI \nb-a-߃
ewLn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v kzbw XS-bm≥ Abmƒs°-ßs\ Ignbpw?
ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ icn-bmb Adn-hns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ C-
kvemw \njvI¿jn-°p∂ BZ¿i-]-chpw I¿a-]-c-hp-amb kZv]-Ÿm-hn¬
Ncn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy∂v km[y-am-hn√. Ckvemw hn`m-h\ sNøp∂
hnin-jvS-Kp-W-߃ Abm-fn¬ Df-hm-Ip-I-bp-an√. F∂m¬, {]kvXpX
 Ckvemw

Adnhv tIh-e-amb Adnhv am{X-am-bm¬ t]mcm. adn®v, AXn-s∂-Xn-

cmb Nn¥-I-fn¬\n∂v a\ pw AXn∂v hncp-≤-amb I¿a-ß-fn¬\n∂v
Pohn-Xhpw ap‡-am-I-Ø-°-hÆw AXv Dd-®-hn-izm-k-ambn amdWw.
]n∂oSv, ssZhm-`o-jvS-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ am¿K-
ta-sX-∂-dn-bWw. ssZh-Øns‚ lnXm-ln-X-ß-f-dn-bWw. ssZhw CjvS-
s∏-Sp-∂Xpw shdp-°p-∂-Xp-sa-s¥m-s°-sb∂v a\- n-em-°Ww. Cu
Adnhv , ssZhnI \nb- a - h y- h - ÿ - I - s f- ° p- d n- ® p≈ ]q¿W- ⁄ m- \ -
Øn¬\nt∂ e`n°q. B hyh- ÿ - I ƒ ssZh- Ø n- t ‚Xv Xs∂- b m-
sW∂pw Ah ]n¥p- S - c p- ∂ - X n- e qsS am{Xta ssZh- { ]oXn e`n°q
F∂pap≈ ZrV-hn-izm-khpw thWw. ImcWw, ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ß-sf-
°p-dn®v A⁄-\mb Hcmƒ GXv \nb-a-ß-fmW-\p-k-cn-°pI? C\n,
Adn- h p- s ≠- ¶ n¬Øs∂ ZrV- h n- i zm- k - a n- s √- ¶ ntem? As√- ¶ n¬,
ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-k-vY-I-sf-t∏mse a‰p -\n-b-a-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw icn-
bm- b n- c n- ° m- s a- ∂ - h ≥ hnNm- c n- ° p- ∂ p- s ≠- ¶ ntem? Hcn- ° - e p- a - h ∂v
ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-ÿsb IrXy-amtbm ]q¿W-amtbm A\p-k-cn-°m-
\m-hn√.
Cu Adn-hn\pw ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn\pw tijw th≠Xv ssZh-[n-
°m-c-Øns‚ `hn-jy-Øn-s\-°p-dn®pw ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ kZv^-
e-sØ-°p-dn®pap≈ Adn-hmWv. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-sØ-bpw ssZh-k-
∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-∂-Xn-s\bpw Ipdn®pw Ahn-SsØ c£m in£-
Isf∏‰nbpw ]q¿W-amb Adnhpw AXn-¬ Dd® hnizm-khpw D≠m-
bn-cn-°-Ww. ]c-temI Pohn-XsØ°p-dn®v A⁄-\mb Hcmƒ A\p-
k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw [n°m-c-Øn-s‚bpw ^e-Øn¬ F¥v hyXym-k-amWv
ImWpI? A\p-k-cn-®-h\pw [n°-cn-®-h\pw Ahs‚ IÆn¬ kaw.
Ccp-hcpw \in®v aÆm-bn-t∏m-hp-I-bmWv. F∂n-cns°, ssZhm-\p-k-c-
W-Øns‚ \n_-‘-\-Ifpw AXp hcp-Øn-sh-°p∂ {]bm-k-ßfpw
kln-°m≥ Abmƒ Xøm-dm-Iptam? Cl-tem-IØv IjvS-\-jvS-߃
G‰p-hm-ßn-s°m≠v Abmƒ ]m]-ßfpw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßfpw shSn-bp-sa∂v
{]Xo-£n-°mtam? Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ a\p-jy≥ ssZhnI \nb-a-ß-
tfmSv Iqdp-≈-h-\m-hp-I-bn√. C\n-sbm-cmƒ°v ]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn®pw
ssZh-Øns‚ tImS-Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw Adn-hp≠v. ]t£, Ah-bn¬ ZrV-
hn-izm-k-an-s√-¶ntem? ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d-®p-\n-ev°m-
\m-hn√. kwi-bhpw ktµlhpw a\p-jys\ H∂nepw Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øp-
 Ckvemw

I-bn√. Hcp {]hrØn ^e-{]-Z-sa-∂p-d-∏p-s≠-¶nte \nß-fXv a\- n-

cpØn sNøp-I-bp-ffq. AXp-t]mse tZmj-I-c-am-sW∂ ZrV-hn-izm-
k-ap-s≠-¶nte \n߃°Xv kzta-[bm h¿Pn-°m-\mhq. AXn-\m¬,
Hcp am¿Kw Ah-ew-_n-°p-hm≥ AX-h-ew-_n-®m-ep-≠m-Ip∂ ]cn-Wm-
a-sØbpw A¥y-^-e-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ Adnhv Hgn-®p-IqSm-Ø-XmWv.
B Adnhv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ambn cq]m-¥cw {]m]n-°p-Ibpw thWw.
"hnizmk'Øns‚ A¿Yw
"Adnhv', "ZrV-hn-izmkw' F∂o ]Z-ß-fpsS Ad_n i_vZ-as{X
"Cuam≥' (hnizmkw). icn-bmbn Adn-bp-Ibpw t_m[-]q¿hw AwKo-I-
cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂mWv "Cuam≥' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]q¿W-amb
A¿Yw. Aßs\ sNøp-∂-hs\ "apA-van≥' F∂pw ]d-bp∂p. ssZh-
Øns‚ GI-Xbpw Ahs‚ kØm-Kp-W-ßfpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿbpw c£m-
in-£I - fpw Adn™v Ah-bn¬ ZrV-ambn hnizkn-°p-∂h
- \mWv apAvan≥
(hnizmkn). a\p-jy≥ "apkvenw'* Bbn-Øo-cpI F∂-XmWv "Cuams‚'
^ew.
"Cuam≥' C√msX B¿°pw apkven-am-hpI km[y-as√∂v Cu hni-
Zo-Ic
- Ww hy‡-am-°p∂p. kky-߃°v Ah-bpsS hnØp-am-bp≈ _‘-
amWv Cuam∂v Ckvem-ap-am-bp-≈Xv. hnØn-√msX kky-ap-≠m-Im-Ø-
Xp-t]mse Cuam-\n-√msX Ckvem-ap-an√. ]mInb hnØv, aÆns‚ ]pjvSn-
°p-dthm Imem-hÿ- b- psS {]mXn-Iq-eytam aqew, \∂mbn hf¿∂n-s√∂p
hcmw. AXp-t]mse Cuams‚ _e-lo-\-Xtbm in£W˛]cn-io-e-\-ß-
fpsS t]mcm-bvatbm Iq´p-sI-´p-I-fpsS Zpxkzm-[o-\tam aqew Hcmƒ
]q¿W\pw ]Iz-\p-amb apkvenw BIm-sX-bp-an-cn°mw.
Cuam-s‚bpw Ckvem-an-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\Ø
- n¬ a\p-jysc \membn
Xcw Xncn°mw:
1. ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw B hnizm-k-Øm¬ {]tNm-Zn-X-cmbn
ssZh-I¬- ]-\I
- ƒ ]q¿W-ambn inc-km-hl
- n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h
- ¿. ssZhw
shdp-°p-∂- Im-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v Ah¿ A·n-bn¬ \ns∂-∂-t]mse hn´p-
\n¬°pw. ssZh-an-jvS-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-߃°mbn, [\-k-ºm-Z-\m¿Yw
kmthiw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-t]mse A[zm-\n°pw. Ch-ct{X km£m¬
apkvenw-Iƒ.
* ssZhsØ am{Xw A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h≥.
 Ckvemw

2. hnizm-kn-I-sf-¶nepw, ssZh-Øn\v kºq¿W-ambn ka¿∏n-°m≥

kzbw t{]cn-∏n-°m≥ am{Xw hnizm-k-Øn\v i‡n-bn-√m-Ø-h¿. Ch-cpsS
]Zhn A¬]w Xmsg-bm-sW-¶nepw apkvenw-IƒXs∂. Ch¿ \nb-a-ew-
L-Icpw AXn-∂p≈ in£°v A¿l-cp-amWv. ]t£, Ah-cpsS ÿnXn
cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fp-tStXm [n°m-cn-I-fp-tStXm A√; shdpw Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fp-
tSXv am{X-amWv. ImcWw, Ah¿ cmPm-hns\ kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw cmP-\n-b-
a-ßsf \nb-a-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p≠v.
3. hnizmkw Xosc-bn-s√-¶nepw ]pdta, ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-߃ A\p-
k-cn-°p-∂-h¿. Ch¿ kXy-Øn¬, cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fmWv. Ch-cpsS ]pdw-
]q®v bYm¿Y- Ø n¬ ssZh- t Øm- S p≈ A\p- k - c - W - a √. AXn-
\m¬Øs∂, ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-a√. cmPm-hns\ cmPm-hmbpw cmP-
Io-b -\n-b-a-ßsf bYm¿Y- \n-b-a-ß-fmbpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-h-sc-
t∏m- s e- b m- W n- h ¿. ]pdta, cmP- \ n- b - a - ß - f - \ p- k - c n- ° p- ∂ p- s ≠- ¶ nepw
Ah¿ cmPm-hn\v Iogvs∏-´-hcpw cmP-Iob \nb-a-ß-tfmSv Iqdp-≈-hcpw
BsW∂v ]d-bpI hø. GXp-\n-e°pw cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn-
em-W-h-cpsS ÿm\w.
4. hnizmkw H´p-an-√m-Ø-tXm-sSm∏w Zp¿am¿Kn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-cn-I-
fp-am-b-h¿. G‰hpw XmW-]-Sn-bn-em-Wn-h¿. ImcWw, Ch¿ [n°m-cn-
I-fpw cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fp-am-b-tXm-sSm∏w Zp¿hr-Øcpw \mi-Im-cn-I-fpw-
Iq-Sn-bmWv.
Cu hn`-P-\-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-Ip∂p ˛ a\p-jys‚
hnP-bk - u-`m-Ky-߃ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv Cuams\ B{i-bn-®mWv; Ckvemw
˛ AXv ]q¿Wtam A]q¿Wtam BIs´˛ Cuam-\m-Ip∂ hnØn¬\nt∂
apf-®p-hcq. Cuam≥ C√m-Øn-SØv Ckvemapw D≠m-In√ ˛ ]Icw "Ip^v¿'
BWp-≠m-hpI. AXns‚ as‰mcp t]cmWv "_Km-hØv'. cmPy-t{Zmlw,
[n°mcw, \nb-a-ew-L\w Fs∂m-s°-bm-W-Xn-∂¿Yw. AXp Nne-t∏mƒ
Kpcp-X-c-amIpw ˛ a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ \n m-chpw. AXv am{X-amWv hyXymkw.
⁄m\-e-_v[n-bpsS am¿K-߃
A\p-k-c-W-Øn\v hnizmkw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. hnizm-k-Øn\v
⁄m\hpw ˛ ssZhn-IK- p-Wß
- s
- fbpw ssZhnI hyh-ÿs
- bbpw ]c-temI
Pohn-X-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ ⁄m\w; ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn-te°v \bn-
°p∂ bYm¿Y ⁄m\w. Cu ⁄m\w Fhn- s S- \ n∂v , Fßs\
 Ckvemw

e`n°pw? CXmWv ASpØ N¿®m-hn-jbw.

AXn-a-l-Ømb Cu {]]©w Hcp {kjvSm-hns‚ krjvSn-bmWv;
Ah≥ Xs∂-bmWv AXv \nb-{¥n®v \S-Øp-∂Xv. Cu kXy-Øn\v
km£n \n¬°p∂ ssZhnI ZrjvSm-¥-߃ Cu {]]-©-Øn-seßpw
hym]n®p InS-∏p≠v. - C°m-cy-ß-sf√mw apºv hnh-cn-®p-ht√m. {]kvXpX
ZrjvSm-¥ß- f- n¬ k¿h ssZhnI KpW-ßfpw {]I-Sa - mbn ImWmw. bp‡n,
i‡n, ss\]pWyw, ⁄m\w, ImcpWyw, kpc£, k¿hm-[n-]Xyw
XpSßn F√mw. F∂m¬, CuZri Imcy-߃ ho£n®v {Kln-°p-∂-Xn¬
a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v Gsd-°psd ]nghv ]‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p. {]kvXpX ZrjvSm-
¥-ß-sf√mw apºn-ep-≠m-bn´pw Nne¿ ssZhw c≠p-s≠∂pw a‰p Nne¿
aq∂p-s≠∂pw thsd Nne¿ \nc-h-[n-bp-s≠∂pw hmZn®pIf™p. \mem-
a-sXmcp Iq´¿ Znhy-XzsØ ]e-Xmbn `mKn®p. ag-s°mcp ssZhw, Im‰n\v
Hcp -ssZhw, AKv\n-s°mcp ssZhw F∂n-ßs\. {]kvXpX ssZh-߃-
s°√mw t\Xm-hmbn Hcp henb ssZhhpw. Cu hn[w ssZh-sØbpw
Ahs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw {Kln-°p-∂-Xn¬ a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v ]nghv ]‰n-
t∏m-bn-´p≠v. Ah-sb√mw khn-kvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°m≥ ChnsS kµ¿`-
an√.
ac-Wm-\-¥-c -Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn® ImgvN-∏m-Snepw P\-߃°v sX‰p-
]‰n. ac-W-tØmsS a\p-jy≥ aÆm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p; ]ns∂ as‰mcp Pohn-X-
ta-bn√ ˛ Nne¿ hmZn®p. a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ I¿a-^-e-߃ A\p-`-hn-°m-
\mbn ]p\¿P≥a-sa-SpØv Cu temI-tØ°v Xs∂ ho≠pw ho≠pw Xncn-
®p-h-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv a‰p Nne-cpsS hmZw.
ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb \nb-a-߃ a\p-jy\v
kz¥w bp‡n-bp-]t- bm-Kn®v \n¿an-°mtam? hfsc ZpjvIc
- a
- mb Hcp tPmen-
bm-WXv. a\pjy_p≤n Xo¿Øpw Ip‰-a-‰Xpw Ahs‚ ssh⁄m-\nI
kn≤n A]m-chpw BsW∂v k¶¬]n-°pI. AXp-]-tbm-Kn®v \nc-h[n
kwh-’-c-ß-fnse ]co-£-W-\n-co-£-W-߃°p tijw XZzn-j-b-Øn¬
GXm-s≠m-c-`n-{]mbw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ Ah∂v Ign-t™°pw. F∂m¬,
At∏mgpw Xm≥ ]q¿W-ambpw kXyw Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™-psh∂v Dd-∏n-
°m≥ Ah-∂m-hn√. bmsXm-cp -am¿K-Z¿i-\hpw \¬ImsX a\p-jys\
kzX-{¥-\mbn hn´-tijw Ah-t\mSv kz¥w _p≤nbpw Ign-hp-ap-]-tbm-
Kn®v kXyw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-SpI, I≠p ]nSn-®-hsc tPXm-
°-fmbpw A√m-Ø-hsc tXm‰-h-cmbpw KWn-°pI ˛ CXmWv a\p-jy-
 Ckvemw

_p-≤n-bpsS ta¬ \S-Ømhp∂ kºq¿W ]co£. F∂m¬, Icp-

Wm-a-b-\m-b -ssZhw kzZm-k≥amsc AØcw AXn-I-Tn-\-amb Hcp
]co-£°v hnt[-b-\m-°p-∂n√. adn®v, Xs‚ Imcp-Wym-Xn-tc-I-Øm¬,
Ah≥, a\p-jy-cn¬\n-s∂mcp hn`m-KsØ {]tXyIw sXc-s™-SpØv
Xs‚ KpW-ßsf kw_-‘n® icn-bmb ⁄m\w Ah¿°v \¬In.
Xs‚ lnX- Ø n- s \mØv PohnXw \bn- ° p- h m- \ p≈ am¿K- t a- s X∂v
Ahsc Adn-bn®p. ]c-temI Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ bYm¿Y hnh-c-
߃ Ah¿°p \¬In. F∂n´v Ah-tcmSv a‰p P\-߃°v Ah FØn-
®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v \n¿tZ-in®p. Ah-cmWv ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-
I≥am¿. Ah¿°v B ⁄m\w \¬Inb coXnsb Znhy-t_m-[\w1
F∂v ]d-bp∂p. Ah¿°v \¬Inb {KŸsØ ssZh-{KŸw2 Ft∂m
ssZh-hmIyw3 Ft∂m hnfn-°p∂p. CtXmsS, a\p-jy-_p-≤nbpw hnth-
Ihpw as‰mcp hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]co-£°v hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmbn.
{]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS D¬IrjvS PohnXw I≠pw, Ah-cpsS DZm-Ø-am-
XrI ]Tn®pw a\p- j y¿ At±- l sØ {]hm- N - I - \ mbn hniz- k n- ° p-
∂pt≠m Ct√ F∂-XmWm ]co£. Ah≥ kXy-k-‘\pw kXy-
tk-h-I-\p-am-sW-¶n¬ kXy-sØbpw kXyw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-h-sc-
bpw kzoI-cn®v ]co£ Pbn°pw. kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n-e-Xns‚ A¿Yw
kz¥w {Kl- W - t ijn Ah≥ ]mgm- ° n- ° - f - ™ p- s h∂v am{Xw. B
\ntj-[w Ahs\ ]co-£-bn¬ ]cm-Pn-X-\m-°p∂p. am{X-a√, ssZh-
sØbpw ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-sbbpw Ipdn-®p≈ bYm¿Y ⁄m\w
Ic-K-X-am-°p-hm≥ Hcn-°epw Ah∂v km[n-®n-s√∂pw hcpw.
AZriy Imcy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
\ap-s°mcp Imcyw Adn-bn-s√-¶n-se-¥mWv sNøpI? Adn-hp-≈-
hsc kao-]n°pw; Ah-cpsS \n¿tZiw kzoI-cn°pw. tcmKw _m[n-
®mtem? kzbw NnIn-’n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw Hcp tUmIvSsd kao-]n°pw.
tUmIv S - d psS tbmKy- X bpw {]i- k v X nbpw ]cn- N - b hpw aqew B
tUmIvS¿°v \sΩ NnIn-’n-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-s≠∂v \mw hniz-kn-
°p∂p. B hnizm- k - Ø n- s ‚ ASn- ÿ m- \ - Ø n- e mWv Abmƒ
Ipdn®pXcp∂ acp∂v Ign-°p-∂Xpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ ]d-™h h¿Pn-
°p-∂Xpw. \nb-a-{]-iv\-ß-fn¬ D]-tZiw tXSm≥ \msamcp h°o-ens\
kao-]n-°p-Ibpw Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-

1. hlvbv 2. InXm-_p-√mln 3. Iem-ap-√mln

 Ckvemw

Ibpw sNøpw. hnZym-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ Kpcp-\m-Ys\ hniz-kn-°p∂p;

At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-cp-∂Xv A∏Sn AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. bm{X-bn¬ hgn-
b-dn-bmsX h∂m¬, Adn-hp-≈-hsc \mw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿
ImWn®pXcp∂ hgn°v bm{X XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬,
euInI Imcy-ß-fn¬ Adnhv t\Sp-hm≥ Adn-hp-≈-hsc hniz-kn-°p-
hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw \mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv. CXn-∂mWv AZr-
iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.
AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°pI F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw \ap-°-dn-
hn-√mØ Imcy-߃ Adn-hp-≈-h-cn¬\n∂v ]Tn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ Dd®v
hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂t{X. {]]-©-\m-Y-\mb ssZh-sØbpw
Ahs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®v \ap-°-dn-hn√; ssZh-Øns‚ ae-°p-
Iƒ ssZh-\n-b-a-߃°v hgn-s∏´v temI Imcy-߃ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-
cn-°p∂p F∂v \ap-°-dn-hn√. Ah¿ \sΩ hebw sNbvXn-cn-°-bm-
sW∂pw \ap-°-dn-™p-IqSm. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈
kXy-am¿K-ta-sX∂ Imcyhpw \ap-°-⁄m-X-amWv. ]c-temI Pohn-
X-sØ-°p-dn®pw \ap°v th≠{X ⁄m\-an√. AXn-\m¬, {]kvXpX
kwK- X n- I ƒ Adn- b p∂ Hcmsf I≠p]nSn- t °- ≠ Xv Bh- i y- a mbn
hcp∂p. Hcm- f psS k≥am¿K- \ n- j v T bpw kXy- k - ‘ - X bpw ssZh- ` -
‡nbpw PohnX hnip-≤nbpw bp‡n-bp-‡-amb kwkm-chpw I≠v,
Abmƒ ]-d-bp-∂Xv kXyhpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-
∂p-sh-¶n¬ \mw hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-emWv. ssZhsØ
A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm\pw AZr-iy-
Im- c y- ß - f n- e p≈ Adnhpw hnizm- k hpw Hgn- ® p- I q- S m- Ø - X mWv . Cu
Adnhv {]hm-N-I≥am-cn¬\nt∂ e`n°q.
 Ckvemw

{]hm-NI
- Xzw
I gn™ A[ym- b - Ø n¬ aq∂v Imcy- ß - f mWv hnh- c n- ® Xv : H∂v :
ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ kØ, KpW-߃,
ssZhn-I-am¿Kw, ]c-tem-I-Ønse c£m-in-£-Iƒ F∂nh kw_-‘n®v
icn-bmb ⁄m\hpw AXn¬ hnizm-khpw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. c≠v:
{]kvXpX ⁄m\w kz]-cn-{i-a-Øm¬ kzmb-Ø-am-°pI F∂ ITn\
]co-£-W-Øn\v ssZhw a\p-jys\ hnt[-b-am-°n-bn-√. adn®v, AXv
Znhy-t_m-[\w hgn Nne t{ijvT-hy-‡n-Iƒ°v ({]hm-N-I≥am¿°v)
\¬Ip-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h¿°Xv FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ {]hm-N-I≥am-
tcmSv B⁄m-]n-°p-I-bp-amWv sNbvXXv. aq∂v: P\-ß-fpsS Npa-Xe
B {]hm-N-Is\ Xncn-®-dn-bpI F∂XmWv. IWn-i-amb ]cn-tim-[-\-
Iƒ°ptijw Hcmƒ kXy-k-‘-\mb {]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m-[y-
s∏- ´ p- I - g n- ™ m¬ At±- l - Ø n¬ hniz- k n- ° p- I bpw At±lw
ssIs°m≠ am¿Kw sX√pw ]ng-°msX A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-I-bp-
amWv th≠Xv.
F∂m¬, {]hm-N-I≥amsc Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm-s\-¥mWv hgn?
{]hm-NI
- X
- z-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw
a\p-jy-∂m-h-iy-ap≈ hkvXp-°-sf√mw ssZh-an-hnsS Hcp-°n-sh-
®n-´p-s≠∂v ImWmw. P\n-°p∂ Hcp Ip™ns\ t\m°q: Fs¥ms°
kma-{Kn-I-fp-am-bmWv Ah\o temI-tØ°v hcp-∂Xv. ImWm≥ IÆv,
tIƒ-°m≥ ImXv, izk-\-Øn\v aq°v, kv]¿i-\-i-‡n°v N¿aw, \S-
°m≥ Imep-Iƒ, ]Wn-sb-Sp-°m≥ ssIIƒ, Nn¥n-°m≥ akvXnjvIw
˛ Aß-s\-sb-s¥√mw! Ch-sb√mw ap≥Iq´n Xs∂ Ip™ns‚ sIm®p-
i-co-c-Øn¬ k÷-am-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Cu temIØv FØn-t®¿∂-
tijw Pohn-°m≥ th≠ kma-{Kn-Ifpw kpk÷w. hmbp, shfn®w,
 Ckvemw

NqSv, sh≈w, `qan F∂n-h°p ]pdta, amXm-hns‚ amdn-S-Øn¬ ]m¬.

amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw am{X-a√, A\y-cp-sS-
t]mepw kvt\l-hm-’-ey-߃; emf-\-Iƒ. Aßs\ B Ip™v hf-
cp- t ¥mdpw Ahs‚ Bh- i y- ß ƒ ]q¿Øo- I - c n- ° p- h m- \ p≈ kIe
hkvXp-°fpw ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Ah∂v e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p ˛ BImi
`qan-I-fnse kIe i‡n-Ifpw Ahs\ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ _≤-{i-≤-
cm-b-Xp-t]mse!
am{X-a√, kI-e-hn[ Ign-hp-Ifpw a\p-jy∂v \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
Imb-_ew, _p≤n, {Kl-W-i‡n, kwkmc tijn XpSßn \nc-h[n Ign-
hp-Iƒ. C°m-cy-Øn¬ ssZhw hnkva-bm-h-l-amb Hcp hyhÿ D≠m-
°n-bXmbn ImWmw. Ign-hp-Iƒ F√m-h-cnepw Htc A\p-]m-X-Øn-e√!
Bbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ a\p-jy¿ ]c-kv]cw B{i-bn-°p-Itbm hne-sh-°p-I-
tbm sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS s]mXp-hmb Bhiyw ap≥-
\n¿Øn Ign-hp-I-sf√mw a\p-jy¿°p-Xs∂ \¬Inb ssZhw Hmtcm-cp-
Ø¿°pw \¬Inb Ign-hns‚ tXmXnepw A\p-]m-X-Ønepw t`Zw I¬]n-
®p. Nne¿°v Imb-_ew IqSp-X¬ \¬In-b-t∏mƒ a‰p Nne¿°v Iem-hm-
k\bpw sXmgn¬ ss\]p-Wy-hp-amWv {]Zm\w sNbvXXv. Nne¿°v _p≤n-
i‡n IqSp-X¬; a‰p Nne-cn¬ t\XrXz hmk-\bpw. `c-W-ti-jn-bmWv
Nne-cn¬ apg-®p-\n¬°p-∂Xv. Akm-am-\y-amb hmNm-e-X-bmWv Nne-cpsS
khn-ti-j-X-sb-¶n¬ a‰p Nne¿ IrX-l-kvX-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im-cmWv.
KWn-X-im-kv{X-Ønse AXn-Zp-jvI-c-amb hnj-a-{]-iv\-߃°v ]cn-
lmcw ImWp-∂-Xn¬ anSp-°-cmWv Nne¿. a‰p Nne¿ imkv{Xob I≠p-
]n-Sn-Ø-߃sIm≠v temIsØ hnkva-bn-∏n-°p∂p. {]Ir-Xym-Xs∂
\nb-a-Øn¬ X¬]-c-cmWv Hcp Iq´¿. a‰p-≈-h¿ h¿j-ß-tfmfw Nn¥n-
®n´pw ]nSn-In-´mØ t]mbn‚p-I-fn¬ Ah-cpsS Nn¥ \njv{]-bmkw
sNs∂-Øp∂p. CsX√mw ssZh-Øns‚ al-Ømb bp‡n-bpsS ^e-
at{X. Cu Ign-hp-I-sfm∂pw hy‡n-Iƒ kzbw krjvSn-°p-∂-h-b√.
]cn-io-e-\w-sIm≠v kzmb-Ø-am-hp-∂-Xp-a√. P≥a-kn-≤am-Wh. ssZhw
kz¥w bp-‡n°pw Dt±-iy-Øn-\p-samØv Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \¬In-
bn-´p-≈h.
ssZhw Ign-hp-Iƒ Zm\w sNbvX coXn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Hcp Imcyw
h
- y‡-amIpw. kmaqly Pohn-XØ
- n¬ IqSp-Xemh-iy-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ IqSp-
X-em-fp-Iƒ°pw Bhiyw Ipd-hp-≈h Ipd™ Bfp-Iƒ°v am{X-ambpw
\¬Ip-I-bmWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv. tbm≤m-°ƒ, I¿j-I¿, Bim-cn-am¿
 Ckvemw

XpS-ßn-b-h¿ [mcmfw P\n-°p∂p. sshPvRm-\nI kn≤n, cmPy-X-{¥-

⁄X, tk\m-\m-b-IXzw XpS-ßn-bhsIm≠-\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-b-h¿ Ipd-hm-
tb ImWq. Hcp {]tXyI Ie-bn¬ Akm-[m-cW ss\]p-Wy-ap-≈-h¿
AXnepw Ipd-hm-bn-cn°pw. ImcWw, AØcw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS kw`m-h-
\-Iƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ as‰mcp hnZ-Kv[s‚ Bh-iy-
an-√m-Xm-°p∂p.
ChnsS Hcp tNmZy-ap-b-cp∂p. Pohn-X-hn-P-b-Øn\v, Iptd F©n-\o-
b¿amcpw imkv{X-⁄≥amcpw XØz-⁄m-\n-Ifpw \nb-a-]-Sp-°fpw cm-
jv{S-ao-amw-k-Icpw sXmgn¬hn-Z-Kv[cpw am{Xw aXntbm? a‰m-h-iy-ß-sfm-
∂p-ant√ a\p-jy\v? a\p-jy∂v ssZh-am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-
hp≈ Nnecpw th≠-Xnt√? Cu temIØv Fs¥ms°bps≠∂pw Ah
Fßs\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\m-fp≠v. F-
∂m¬, Xm≥ B¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv? {]m]-©nI hkvXp-°-sf√mw X\n°v
\¬In-b-Xm-cmWv? AXv \¬In-b-hs‚ lnX-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-t°-≠-
sX-ßs\? Pohn-X-hn-Pbw Ic-K-X-am-°m-\p≈ am¿K-taXv? CXymZn Imcy-
߃ a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n-°m\pw tht≠ Bsc-¶nepw? thW-sa-∂-Xn¬
H´pw kwi-b-an√. kXy-Øn¬ Ah-bmWv F√m-‰nepw {][m\w. \ΩpsS
AXn-\n- m-c-amb Bh-iy-߃t]mepw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠p∂
kIe G¿∏m-Sp-Ifpw sNbvX ssZhw, kp{]-[m-\-amb Cu Bh-iy-
Øn¬ A{i≤ ImWn®p F∂v ]d-™m¬ \ΩpsS _p≤n AwKo-I-
cn-°ptam? C√; ssZhw AXn¬ A{i≤ ImWn-®n-t´-bn√. sXmgn-ep-I-
fnepw Iem-im-kv{X-ß-fnepw hnZ-Kv[sc krjvSn-®-Xp-t]mse, Xs∂bpw
Xs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw Adn-bp∂ \n]p-W≥amscbpw ssZhw krjvSn-
®n-´p≠v. Ah¿°v ssZhw t\cn´v ⁄m\w ]I¿∂p-sIm-SpØp˛ aX-]-
chpw [m¿an-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb ⁄m\w. AXv a‰p P\-߃°v
]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂ alm-tk-h-\-Øn-\mbn Ahsc Npa-X-e-
s∏-SpØn \nb-an®p. Cu alm-flm-°ƒ°mWv {]hm-N-I≥1, ssZh-Zq-
X≥2 Fs∂ms° ]d-bp-∂Xv.
{]hm-NI
- s\ Fßs\ Xncn-®d
- nbmw?
Imhy-{]-Xn-`-bp≈ Hcm-fpsS kwkmcw tI´m¬ AX-bm-fpsS P≥a-
kn-≤-amb Ign-hm-sW∂v a\- n-emIpw. F{X Xs∂ {ian-®mepw Abm-
fp-tSXv t]mep≈ IhnX cNn-°p-hm≥ a‰p-≈-h¿°m-hn√. AXp-t]mse
1. {]hm-N-I≥ = \_n 2. ssZh-Zq-X≥ = dkq¬
 Ckvemw

{]kwKw, FgpØv, imkv{Xob Kth-jWw XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn¬ P≥a-

hm-k\ - b- p-≈h- s
- cbpw Ah-cpsS {]hr-Øn-If
- psS khn-ti-jX - I
- f
- n¬\n∂v
Xncn-®d- nbmw. ImcWw, Ah¿ kz¥w tPmen-If - n¬ A\-\y-km-[m-cW - amb
tbmKyX sXfn-bn-®n-cn°pw. CXp-t]m-se-bmWv {]hm-N-I\pw. A\y¿°v
Duln-°m≥t]mepw Ign-bmØ Imcy-߃ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬
\njv{]-bmkw sXfnbpw. A\y-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬s]SmØ kq£va-amb
kwK-Xn-If - n¬ ZrjvSn-Iƒ ]Xnbpw. At±lw ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ \ΩpsS
_p≤n AwKo-I-cn°pw. F∂√, AXmWv icn-sb∂v _p≤n km£y-s∏-
SpØpw. At±-l-Øns‚ Hmtcm hm°n-s‚bpw kXym-hÿ ssZ\w-Zn-\m-
\p-`-h-ßfpw {]m]-©nI ZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw hgn sXfn-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-
cn°pw. F∂m¬, F{X {ian-®mepw AØcw Hcp hm°p-t]mepw \ap°v
]d-bm-\m-hn√. At±-l-Øns‚ {]IrXn ]cn-ip-≤-am-bn-cn°pw. X≥aqew
kIe G¿∏m-Sp-I-fnepw EPphpw t{ijvThpw kwi-b-c-ln-X-hp-amb am¿K-
ßtf ssIs°m≈q. NoØ hmt°m Zpjv{]-hr-Øntbm At±-l-Øn¬-
\ns∂m-cn-°epw ]pd-Øp-h-cn√. kXyhpw k¬°¿a-ßfpw a‰p-≈-h-tcm-
Sp-]t- Z-in-°p-∂t- Xm-sSm∏w kzbw {]mh¿Øn-Ia - m-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. hm°n-
s\-Xn-cmbn {]h¿Øn-®-Xn\v DZm-l-c-W-߃ ImWn√, At±-l-Øns‚
Pohn-X-Øn¬; hm°ntem {]hr-Øn-bntem kzm¿Y-X-bpsS \ng-em-´w-
t]mepw Zriy-am-hn√. A\y-Po-h-∂p-X-Ip-hm≥ kzPo-hn-X-Øn-e-t±lw
IjvS-\-jvS-߃ kln°pw. am{X-a√, kz¥w KpW-Øn-\mbn A\y¿°v
lm\n-h-cp-Øp-I-bp-an√. kXy-k-‘X, t{ijvT-Nn¥, k≥am¿K-\njvT,
]cn-ip≤n XpS-ßnb D¬Ir-jvS-Kp-W-߃°v amXr-I-bm-bn-cn-°p-a-t±lw.
F{X Xs∂ ]cn-tim-[n-®mepw At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn-semcp \yq\X
I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI Akm-[y-am-bn-cn°pw. {]hm-N-Is\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥
klm-bn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-I-fm-Wnh.
{]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-°¬
Hcp hy‡n {]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m[y-am-bn-°-gn-™m¬ At±-l-
Øns‚ hm°pIƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw {]hr-Øn-Isf Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ibpw
sNtø-≠-Xm-h-iy-amWv. Hcp hy‡n ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v
kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Abm-fpsS hm°pw {]hr-Ønbpw Xnc-
kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv bp‡nhncp-≤-at{X. ImcWw, Hcmƒ
{]hm-N-I-\mWv F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw Abm-fpsS {]kvXm-
h-\-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v e`n-®Xpw {]hr-Øn-Iƒ ssZhm-`o-jvSa-\p-
k-cn-®p-≈XpamsW∂v \mw kΩ-Xn-°p∂p F∂mWv. AXn¬]ns∂, At±-
 Ckvemw

l-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ \mw ]d-bp-∂Xpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw bYm¿Y-Øn¬

ssZh-hn-cp-≤a- mbn `hn°pw. ssZh-hn-cp-≤a
- m-bs
- Xm∂pw kXy-am-bn-cn-°n√.
AXn-\m¬, Hcp hy‡nsb {]hm-N-I-\mbn kΩ-Xn®p Ign-™m¬]ns∂,
At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ A£-cw-{]Xn kzoI-cn-°p-hm\pw B⁄-Iƒ
inc-km-h-ln-°p-hm\pw \mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv ˛ Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb XØz-
ßfpw bp‡n-Ifpw ^e-ßfpw \ap°v a\- n-em-bmepw Cs√-¶nepw. Hcp-
Imcyw {]hm-NI - s
- ‚-XmWv F∂Xp Xs∂ AXv kXy-am-sW-∂X - n\v sXfn-
hmWv. kIe bp‡n-Ifpw \≥a-I-fpw AXn-e-¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-
Xm\pw AXp Xs∂ aXn. Hcp Imcy-Øns‚ bp‡ntbm ^etam \ap-°-
dn-bm-\m-hp-∂n√ F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw AXv apgps° tZmj-amWv F∂√.
AXv a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ \ap°v ]nghv ]‰n-bn-´p≠v F∂v am{X-amWv.
Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ ]q¿W-ssh-ZKv[yw C√mØ Hcmƒ°v AXnse AXn-
kq-£va-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ {Kln-°m≥ Ign-™p-sIm-≈-W-sa-∂n-√t√m.
F∂m¬, B hnj-b-Øn¬ ]q¿W hnZ-Kv[-\mb Hcmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv, X\n-
°-Xn-ep≈ bp‡n ]nSn-In-´n-bn√ F∂ GI Imc-W-Øm¬ X≈n-°-f-
bp-∂-h¿ F{X henb hnUvVn-I-fmWv. temI-Ønse kIe tPmen°pw
AXn¬ hnZ-Kv[-cm-b-h¿ thWw. Hcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is≠-Øn-bm¬ ]ns∂
Ah-\n¬ \mw ]q¿W-hn-izmkw A¿∏n-°p∂p. AXn¬]ns∂, a‰mcpw
Ah-s‚- {]-hr-Øn-I-fn-en-S-s]-Sn√. ImcWw, F√m-hcpw F√m-‰nepw Hcp-
t]mse hnZ-Kv[-cm-bn-cn-°n-√t√m. AØ-c-samcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is≠-Øm-
\mWv \mw kz¥w _p≤- n bpw kma¿Yy- h p- a p- ] - t bm- K n- t °- ≠ Xv .
Is≠Øn- b hy‡n hnZ- K v [ - \ m- s W∂v t_m[yw h∂pIgn- ™ m¬
]ns∂ Abmfn¬ ]q¿W-ambn hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°Ww. AXn-∂vtijw
Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ ssII-S-Øp-∂Xpw Hmtcm Imcy-Øn-s‚bpw
XØzhpw bp‡n-bpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-cm-Ø-]£w kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn-s√∂v
iTn-°p-∂Xpw _p≤n-b√. Hcp h°o-en\v tIkv G¬]n-®p-sIm-SpØ
tijw At±- l - t ØmSv CØcw hmZ- ß ƒ D∂- b n- ® m¬ Abmƒ
\nßsf ]nSn®v ]pd- Ø m°pw. Hcp tUmIv S - t dmSv NnIn- ’ - b psS
bp‡nbpw sXfnhpw tNmZn- ® p- X p- S - ß n- b m¬ Abmƒ \nß- f psS
NnIn’Xs∂ ths≠∂p sh°pw. ssZh- s Ø- ° p- d n®v bYm¿Y-
⁄m\w Ic- ÿ - a m- ° p- I - b mWv \ΩpsS Bhiyw. ssZh- l n- X - Ø n-
s\mØv Pohn-°m≥ ]‰nb am¿K-ta-sX∂pw Adn-bWw. CXv kzbw
Adn-bm-\p-X-Ip∂ D]-I-c-W-sam∂pw \ΩpsS ]°-en√. AXn-\m¬,
\mw ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-Is\ Is≠-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Cu At\z-
 Ckvemw

j-W-Øn¬ \ΩpsS apgp-h≥ Ignhpw kma¿Yyhpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-t°-

≠-Xp≠v. Cs√-¶n¬, h√ I]-S-s\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-®p-
t]mIpw. B]¬°-c-amb hgn-bn¬ sN∂p-s]-Sp-I-bmhpw AXns‚
^ew. F∂m¬, ka-{K-amb At\z-j-W-]-T-\-߃°p-tijw Hcmƒ
kXy- { ]- h m- N - I - \ m- s W∂v t_m[y- s ∏- ´ p- I - g n- ™ m¬, At±- l - Ø n¬
]q¿W-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ I¬]-\-Iƒ IWn-i-
ambn A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sN-bvtX ]‰q.
{]hm-NI
- \
- n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂s
- X-¥n\v?
Ckvem-anI Z¿i\w ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-
I∑m¿ aptJ\ e`n-®-XmWv. CXv {Kln-®m¬ ]ns∂, {]hm-N-I-\n¬
hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-lsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-Kan-°p-Ibpw
sNtø-≠Xv F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cp∂p. {]hm-N-
Is‚ am¿Kw hn´v kz_p-≤nsb Ah-ew-_-am°n a‰p h√ am¿Khpw
\n¿an-°p-∂-h≥ hgn-]n-g-®-h-\m-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-ta-Xp-an√.
Cu hnj- b - Ø n¬ P\- ß ƒ ckm- h - l - a mb ]e A_- ≤ - ß fpw
sNøp-∂p≠v. Nne¿ {]hm-N-Is‚ kXy-k-‘X kΩ-Xn-°p∂p. ]t£,
At±-l-sØ hniz-kn-°p-Itbm A\p-K-an-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n√. Ch¿
\ntj-[n-Iƒ am{X-a√ hnUvVn-Iƒ IqSn-bmWv. ImcWw, kXy-hm-
s\∂v kΩ-Xn-®-tijw {]hm-N-Is\ A\p-K-an-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚
A¿Yw a\p- j y≥ a\x- ] q¿hw hymPw ]n≥]- ‰ p- ∂ p- s h- ∂ mWv .
CXn¬]cw hnUvVnØw as‰-¥p≠v?
Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv, X߃°v {]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xn-
s√∂pw kXy-am¿Kw X߃°v kzbw I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa-
∂p-amWv. Cu hmZhpw sX‰mWv. \n߃ KWn-X-imkv{Xw ]Tn-®n-cn-
°p-at√m. c≠p _nµp-°ƒ°n-S-bn¬ t\¿tcJ H∂p-am-{Xta D≠mIq.
a‰p- tc- J - I ƒ H∂p- I n¬ hf- ™ tXm As√- ¶ n¬ _nµp- ° sf ]c-
kv ] cw _‘n- ∏ n- ° m- Ø tXm Bbn- c n°pw. kXy- a m¿K- Ø ns‚
ÿnXnbpw CXp-Xs∂. Ckvem-ans‚ `mj-bn¬ AXns\ "kzndm-Øp¬
apkvXJow' F∂p hnfn-°p∂p. AXv a\p-jy-\n¬ \n∂m-cw-`n®v ssZh-
Øn-e-h-km-\n-°p∂p. imkv{X-{]-Imcw a\p-jy∂v ssZh-Øn-te-°p≈
am¿Khpw H∂p-am-{Xta D≠mIq. AsXm-gn-®p-≈h hf-hp-≈tXm ssZh-
k-∂n-[n-hsc FØm-ØtXm Bbn-cn°pw. B t\¿am¿K-amWv {]hm-
 Ckvemw

N-I≥am¿ ImWn-®p-X-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬, {]hm-N-I≥ ImWn-®p-X∂

am¿Kw hn´v a‰p am¿K-߃ tXSp-∂-h¿ H∂p-In¬ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-
se-Øp-I-bn√, As√-¶n¬ hf™ hgnt° FØq. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-
se-Øm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Ah≥ \in-®-Xp-Xs∂. hf™ hgn°v hcp-∂-h-
cm-Is´ X\n hnUvVn-Ifpw. hntij _p≤n-bn-√mØ arK-߃ t]m-
epw Hcn-S-Øp-\n∂v as‰m-cn-S-sØ-Øm≥ t\¿h-gntb sXc-s™-Sp°q.
hf™ hgn-°h t]mhn√. B \ne°v ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp-Øa Zmk≥,
t\¿am¿Kw ImWn®psImSp-°p-tºmƒ ""\o ImWn®pXcp∂ am¿K-Øn-
eqsS Rm\n√; hf™ am¿K-Øn¬Xs∂ sX≠n-Øn-cn™v Rm≥
kzbw e£y-Øn-se-Øn-s°m≈mw'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Abm-
sf-∏‰n \n߃s°¥v tXm∂p∂p?
A¬]w IqSn Bg-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p∂ ]£w, {]hm-N-I-am¿Kw
\nc- k n- ° p- ∂ - h ¿°v ssZh- Ø n- t e- s °- Ø m≥ Hcp am¿Khpw ˛ hf-
™tXm t\¿°p-≈tXm ˛ e`n-°n-s√∂v t_m[y-amhpw. ImcWw,
kXy-k-‘-\pw -\n-kzm¿Yn-bp-amb Hcmsf \nc-kn-°p-∂-h∂v Ft¥m
Ipg-∏-ap≠v F∂m-W¿Yw. kXy-Øn\v t\sc IÆ-S-bv°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-
°p∂ Ft¥m H∂v. AXv Ahs‚ Nn¥m-i-‡n-bpsS A]q¿W-X-
bmhmw; Al-¶m-c-amhmw; kXyhpw \≥abpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dn-
√m-Ø-hn[w Zpjn-®p-t]mb {]Ir-X-amhmw; ]q¿hn-I-cn-ep≈ A‘-amb
hnizm-k-amImw; ]q¿hn-Im-Nm-c-߃°v ]Icw as‰m∂pw kzoI-cn-°m≥
Xøm-dn-√m-Ø-Xmhmw. CsXm-∂p-a-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥ tZtl-O-I-fpsS ASn-
a-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw. {]hm-N-Is\ AwKo-I-cn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂
]m]-ßfpw Zp¿hr-Øn-Ifpw sNøm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-
I-psa∂v Ah≥ `b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠m-hWw. Cu Ipg-∏-ß-fn-sem-s∂-¶n-ep-
ap≈ hy‡n°v Hcn-°epw ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i\w e`n-°n√. C∏-d-
™-sXm∂pw C√mØ, kXy-k-‘\pw \njv]-£\pamb Hcp kXym-
t\zjn {]hm-N-Is‚ in£-W-߃ \nc-kn-°pI F∂Xv Xo¿Øpw
Akw- ` - h y- a t{X.
{]iv\-Øn\v Kuc-hm-hl-amb as‰mcp hi-ap≠v. kXy-{]-h-mN-
I≥ ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mWv. {]hm-N-Is\ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-
°p-Ibpw thW-sa-∂Xv ssZh-im-k-\-bmWv. At∏mƒ {]hm-N-I-\n-
cm-kw -ssZh-[n-°m-c-amWv. Hcp cmPy-Ønse ]uc≥am¿ `c-W-IqSw
\n›-bn-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿs\ A\p-k-cn-°m≥ _m-[y-ÿ-cmWv. DtZym-
K- ÿ s\ [n°- c n- ° p- ∂ - X ns‚ A¿Yw `c- W - I q- S sØ [n°- c n- ° pI
 Ckvemw

F∂mWv. `c-W-Iq-SsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXv \nb-an-°p∂ DtZym-

K-ÿs\ \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-amWv.
AXp-t]mse ssZhw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw cmPm-hmWv. AXn-\m¬,
a\p-jy-cpsS am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-\mbn cmPmhv \nb-an® hy‡nsb AwKo-
I-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv k¿h-a-\p-jy-cp-sSbpw
_m[y-X-bmWv. {]hm-N-Is\ Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿ ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-
kn-®mepw "Im^n¿' Xs∂.
{]hm-NI
- Xzw ˛ kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw
{]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc Fßs\ Bcw-`n®p? {Ia-{]-hr-≤-ambn AsX-
ßs\ A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\n-seØn? CXmWv C\n-bsØ N¿®.
ssZhw BZy-ambn Hcp a\p-jys\ krjvSn®p. Ah-\n¬\n-∂vXs∂
Ahs‚ CW-sbbpw. Ah-cn¬\n-∂mWv a\p-jy-hwiw `qap-J-ØmsI
hym]n-®Xv. Cu temIØv PmX-cmb a\p-jy-sc√mw {]kvXpX Zº-Xn-am-
cpsS k¥m-\-ß-fmWv.* a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bcw`w Hcp a\p-jy-
\n¬\n∂m-sW∂v kIe kap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw aX-]-chpw Ncn-{X-]-c-
hp- a mb CXn- l m- k - ß ƒ sFI- I - W v t Ty\ kΩ- X n- ° p∂p. `qtKm- f -
Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬, Htc kabw, sht∆sd a\p-jy¿ D≠m-
bn-Øo¿∂-Xmbn imkv{X-K-th-j-W-ßfpw sXfn-bn-®n-´n√. F∂√, `qan-
bpsS \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy-sc√mw Htc a\p-jy-
\n¬\n∂v DZv`-hn-®-Xm-bn-cn°mw F∂mWv imkv{X-⁄-cn¬ Gdn-b-
]¶pw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.
B {]Ya a\p-jys‚ t]¿ BZw F∂m-bn-cp∂p. At±-lsØ
ssZhw {]Ya {]hm- N - I ≥ IqSn- b mbn \n›- b n®p. Xs‚ k¥m- \ -
߃°v Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ At±-l-tØmSv B⁄m-
]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ""\nß-fpsS ssZhw GI-\mWv; ka-kvX-tem-I-
Øn-s‚bpw ssZhw; Ahs\ am{Xw Bcm-[n-°pI; Ahs‚ am{Xw
Zmk≥am-cm-hpI; Ah-t\mSv am{Xw klm-b-a¿Yn-°pI; Ahs‚ lnX-
* hfsc {][m-\hpw hnπ-hm-fl-I-hp-amb Hcm-i-b-am-WnXv. GI-am-\-h-Xbpw a\p-jy-
k-a-Xz-hp-amWv AXns‚ bp‡n-]-c-amb t\´w. h¿W˛h¿K˛tZi˛`mjmZn `n∂-X-
Isf B[m-c-am°n a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ hnth-N\w I¬]n-°p-∂Xv hnUvVn-Ø-amWv.
tZio-b-Xzhpw k¶p-Nn-X-h¿Ko-b-Xzhpw c‡-s°m-Xn-]q≠ hntcm-[-a-t\m-`m-hhpw
temIsØ sh´n-ap-dn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ C°m-eØv am\p-jn-ssI-Iy-Øn-s‚-Xmb
Cu kn≤m¥w `mhnsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw i‡-am-sbmcp Bim-In-c-W-amWv.
˛ Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

Øn- s \mØv am{Xw Pohn- ° pI; \oXn- b pw kXyhpw ]men- ° pI ˛

F∂m¬ \n߃°v al-Ømb {]Xn-^ew e`n°pw. C\n, ssZh-[n-
°m- c n- I - f mbn ]n¥n- c n- b p- I - b m- s W- ¶ ntem, Ahs‚ ITn- \ - i n- £ °v
\n߃ ]m{X-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw''˛ - Cu ktµiw kz¥w k¥m-\-
߃°v \¬Im-\mWv ssZhw BZ-an-t\mSv I¬]n-®Xv.
BZ-ans‚ k¥m-\-ß-fnse k÷-\-߃ ]nXmhv \n¿tZ-in-®p-sIm-
SpØ k≥am¿K-Øn-eqsS Ncn-®p-t]m∂p. ZpjvS-P-\-߃ AXv ssIh-n´p
If™p. Ah¿ X∂n-jvS-{]-Imcw Pohn®p XpSßn. Imem-¥-tcW ]e-
hn-[-Øn-ep≈ Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfpw Ah-cn-ep-Zv`-hn®p. Nne¿ kqcy˛N{µ˛ \£-
{X-ß-sfbpw a‰p Nne¿ ac-߃, arK-߃, \Zn-Iƒ F∂n-h-sbbpw ]qPn-
®p-Xp-Sßn. hmbp, sh≈w, AKv\n, tcmKw, BtcmKyw XpS-ßnbhbpw
Bcm- [ - \ m- ] m- { X- ß - f mbn. {]Ir- X n- b nse Hmtcm Xcw A\p- { K- l -
߃°pw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ssZh-ß-fmbn. kIe ssZh-ß-fp-
sSbpw {]oXn kºm-Zn-°p-hm-\mbn F√m-‰n-s\bpw ]qPn®p. Cßs\,
_lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\bpsSbpw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bp-sSbpw \nc-h[n cq]-
߃ DZv`-hn®p. \nc-h[n aX-߃ cq]w-sIm≠p F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ^ew.
BZw k¥-Xn-Iƒ `qan-bpsS hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ hym]n-°p-Ibpw
hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ßfpw cmjv{S-ß-fp-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX
Ime-L-´-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Hmtcm kap-Zm-bhpw Hmtcm {]tXyI aXw
\n¿an®p. Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw BNmc k{º-Zm-b-ßfpw hn`n-∂-
am-bn-cp∂p. GI-\mb ssZhsØ Ah¿ ad∂p. H∏w BZw ]Tn-∏n® Im-
cy-ßfpw. PohnXw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw CjvSm-\p-km-c-ambn. \m\m-Xcw
Zp¿hr-Øn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfpw Ah-cn¬ hf¿∂p-h∂p. A‘-hn-izm-k-

* aX-N-cn-{X-sØ-°p-dn® Cu ho£-W-KXn \ne-hn-en-cn-°p∂ "aX-]-cn-Wm-a-hmZ'Øn\v

IS-I-hn-cp-≤-amWv. {]kvXpX hmZ-{]-Imcw {]Ir-Xn-]q-P-bmWv aX-]-cn-Wm-a-Ønse
BZy-Zi. ]pcm-X-\- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS {]Ir-Xn-]q-P-sb-°p-dn-°p∂ Ncn-{X-h-kvXp-X-
Iƒ Hcp \n›nX ]cn-[n-hsc am{Xta Ah¿ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p≈q. AXm-Is´, am‰-
Øn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw ssII-S-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw hnt[-b-hp-amWv. AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb
cq]-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ Ah¿ Hcp-sº-Sm-dn√. GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m¥w(XuloZv)
Bbn-cp∂p AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw F∂ hmZsØ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-
XmWv ]n¬°me imkv{X \nK-a-\-߃. GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m-¥-Øn¬\n∂v sX‰n-sØ-
dn-®p-t]m-b-h-bmWv as‰√m cq]-t`-Z-ßfpw. CtX ]‰n IqSp-Xedn-bm\m{K-ln-°p-∂-
h¿ F∂ t]cn¬ F®v.sP. tdmkv(e≠≥, saØz≥)
Cw•o-jn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX s‚ hne-s∏´ Kth-jW {]_‘w
t\m°pI.
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

ßfpw Dulm-t]m-l-ßfpw Acßp XI¿Øp. \≥a˛ Xn≥a-Isf th¿Xn-

cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nW™ A_-≤-߃ aqew [¿aw A[¿a-ambpw adn®pw
Ah¿ sX‰n-≤-cn®p.*
Cu ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn¬, ssZhw, Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°pw Ckvem-
anI {]t_m-[-\m¿Yw {]hm-N-I≥amsc Ab-°p-hm≥ XpSßn. Xß-fpsS
kap-Zmbw hnkva-cn®pIf™ Imcy-߃ {]hm-N-I≥am¿ Ahsc A\p-
kva-cn∏n®p. GI-ssZ-hsØ am{Xw Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ P\-ßsf
DZvt_m-[n-∏n®p. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bn¬-
\n∂pw P\-ßsf ]n¥n-cn-∏n®p. aqV-amb BNmc k{º-Zm-b-߃°-dpXn
hcpØn. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ DØ-a-am¿Kw
ImWn®p sImSpØp. icn-bmb \nb-a-߃ \¬Ip-Ibpw Ah A\p-k-
cn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C¥y, ssN\, Cdm≥, CdmJv,
CuPn]vXv, B{^n°, bqtdm∏v XpSßn `qtKm-f-Øns‚ \m\m-Zn-°nepw
Cßs\ {]hm-NI - ≥am¿ \nbp-‡c - m-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw aXw H∂m-
bn-cp∂p. \ΩpsS `mj-bn¬ "Ckvemw' F∂v hnfn-°p∂ AtX aXw.*
F∂m¬, {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS in£-W-co-Xn-Ifpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-
Ifpw, XΩn¬ XΩn¬ A¬]m¬]w hyXym-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm
P\-X-bp-sSbpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw \mK-cn-I-hp-amb \ne-hmcw IW-
°n-se-Sp-ØmWv {]hm-N-I≥am¿ {]h¿Øn-®Xv. kmwkvIm-cnI˛ \mK-
cnI˛_u≤nI cwK-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy¿ {]Ya ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ
Ah¿°v eLp-hmb in£W˛\n¿tZ-i-߃ aXn-bm-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬,
]ptcm-KXn {]m]n-®p-h-cpw-tXmdpw in£-W-ßfpw BNm-c-ap-d-Ifpw hn]p-
e-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. Cu hyXym-k-߃ ]t£, _mly-X-e-
Øn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p. BXvamhv Ft∏mgpw, F√m-bn-SØpw H∂p-
Xs∂ ˛ GIssZh kn≤m¥w, kXy-k-‘X, BXvam¿YX, ]mc-{Xn-
I-hn-izmkw XpS-ßn-bh. Cu auenI Imcy-߃ F√m {]hm-N-I≥am-
cp-sSbpw in£-W-ß-fpsS Poh-\m-bn-cp∂p.
* Ckvem-ans‚ Bcw`w apl-ΩZv \_n apX¬°m-sW∂v s]mXp-hn¬, hninjym ]m›m-
Xy Fgp-Øp-Im¿°n-S-bn¬ sX‰n-≤m-c-W-bp≠v. apl-ΩZv \_nsb Ckvem-ans‚
BZy-ÿm-]-I-s\-∂p-IqSn Nne¿ hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p∂p. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kXy-Øn\v
t\sc-bp≈ sIm™\w am{X-am-WnXv. ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿Y {]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sS-
sb√mw aXw Ckvemw Bbn-cp∂p. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n-∂p≈ ktµ-i-Øns‚ hml-
I¿ am{X-am-bn-cp∂ kXy-{]-hm-N-I¿ aptJ\ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v \¬I-s∏´ Znhy-
sh-fn-]m-SmWv Ckvemw.
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

{]hm-N-I≥am-tcm-Sp≈ P\-ß-fpsS s]cp-am‰w AXn-hn-Nn-{X-am-bn-

cp∂p. P\-ß-f-hsc ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ D]-{Z-hn®p. Ah-cpsS ktµiw \ntj-
[n®p; Nnesc sIm∂p. Nnesc \m´n¬\n-∂m-´n-tbm-Sn®p; Bbp-jv°m-e-
a-{Xbpw {]t_m-[\w sNbvXn´pw Nne¿°v At©m ]tØm A\p-bm-bn-
I-fn-tesd e`n-®n√. F∂m¬, CØcw {]Xn-_-‘-߃ Ah¿°v hne-
ßm-bn√. kz¥w tPmen Ah¿ apS-ßmsX XpS¿∂p. HSp-hn¬ Ah-cpsS
{]b-Xv\-߃ ^ew I≠p XpSßn. h≥k-ap-Zm-b-ßfpw {]_e cmjv{S-
ßfpw Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn. AXn¬ ]ns∂, ss]im-NnI i‡n-
Iƒ a‰p hgn-I-f-t\z-jn®p. {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Ime-tijw, Ah-cpsS
A[ym-]-\-ßsf A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ cq]-t`Zw hcpØn. ssZhn-I-{K-Ÿ-ß-
fn¬ kz¥w Bi-b-߃ IpØn-Øn-cpIn. Bcm-[-\°v \ho-\-cq-]-ß-fm-
hn-jvI-cn®p. Nne¿ {]hm-N-I≥am-sc-Øs∂ ]qPn®p XpS-ßn. a‰p Nne¿
{]hm-N-I≥ ssZhm-h-Xm-c-am-sW∂v hmZn®p. ssZh-]p-{X-\m-bn-°-cp-Xn-
bh¿ thsd. {]hm-N-I≥ ssZhm-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ ]¶p-]-‰p-∂p-sh∂v a‰p
Nne¿. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Bbp-jv°m-e-a-{Xbpw hn{K-l-]q-P-s°-Xnsc
s]mcp-Xn-b-h-sc-Øs∂ P\-߃ hn{K-l-ß-fm°n. Fs¥mcp hntcm-
[m-`mkw! {]hm-N-I≥am¿ \¬In-t∏mb I¿a-]-≤-Xnbpw Ah¿ Zpjn-
∏n®p If™p. ]e-Xcw aqVm-Nm-c-ßfpw Zp¿\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw AXn-e-h¿
IS-Øn-°q´n; sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw hymtP-Xn-lm-k-ßfpw Ie¿Øn-°q´n;
a\p-jy-\n¿anX \nb-a-߃ Iq´n-t®¿Øp. ^etam, GXm\pw \q‰m-
≠p-Iƒ Ign-™-t∏mƒ {]hm-N-Is‚ km£m¬ A[ym-]-\-߃ Xncn-
®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w hymP-hp-ambn Ie¿∂p-t]mbn. kXyadn-
bm≥ Hcp am¿K-hp-an-√m-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂p.* kzoIm-cy-ambn H∂pw tijn-
°mØ hn[w {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Pohn-X-I-Y-Iƒt]mepw CXn-lm-k-
ß-fpsS `mh-\-bn-e-en-™p-tN¿∂p. F¶nepw {]hm-N-I-b-Xv\-߃
Xo¿Øpw \njv^-e-am-bn-t∏m-bn√. ]e cq]-Øn¬ aen-\-am-bn´pw kXyw
sNdnb tXmXn-se-¶nepw P\-k-aq-l-ß-fn-e-h-ti-jn®p. ssZh-sØbpw
ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Ipdn® t_m[w cq]-t`-Z-ß-tfm-sS-bm-sW-
¶nepw F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fnepw \ne-\n∂p. \≥a, kXyw, kZm-Nmcw,

* F√m {]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Cu coXn-bn-emWv Xß-fpsS km£m¬

aXw(Ckvemw) Zpjn-∏n®v C∂v hnhn[ \ma-ß-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ aX-߃ \n¿an-
®Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Cukm(tbip)bpsS aXw Ckvemw Bbn-cp∂p. ]t£, At±-
l-Øn-\vtijw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ At±-l-sØ-Øs∂ Bcm-[n®p. At±-l-Øns‚
in£-W-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw Iq´n-°-e¿Øn C∂v {InkvXp-aXw F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-
Sp∂ aXw \n¿an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
 Ckvemw

k¬kz-`mhw F∂o kZvKp-W-߃ temIw s]mXpth AwKo-I-cn®p.

tZi˛h¿K˛`mjm-t`-Z-߃°-Xo-X-ambn a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v s]mXpth
kzoIm- c y- a mb Hcp aX- Ø ns‚ {]Nm- c Ww km[y- a m- I - Ø - ° - h n[w
{]hm-N-I≥am¿ kzk-ap-Zm-bsØ {]tXyIw k÷-am°n.
Bcw-`-Øn¬ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw {]hm-
N-I≥am¿ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p-sh∂v apºv ]d-™p-ht√m. Ah-cn-tem-
tcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw in£-W-߃ Ah-c-h-cpsS kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]cn-an-
X-am-bn-cp∂p. ImcWw, A∂v kaq-l-߃ H‰-s∏-´mWv Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv.
C∂p ImWp∂ ASp-∏hpw _‘hpw A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂n√. Hmtcm kap-
Zm-bhpw kz¥w tZi-]-cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ _‘n-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. X≥aqew
F√m-h¿°pw _m[-Iam-Ip∂ Hcp aXw F√m kaq-l-ß-fnepw {]N-
cn-∏n-°pI Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂n√. IqSmsX, kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS Ah-ÿ-
Iƒ H∂n-s\m∂v hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp∂p. P\-ß-fn¬ {]I-S-amb Zqjy-
ß-fm-Is´ `n∂-kz-`m-h-Øn-ep-≈Xpw. A⁄-X-bm-sW-¶ntem, hym]-
Ihpw. AXn-\m¬, {]hm-N-I≥am¿ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw {]tXyIw
{]tXy-I-ambn in£-W-߃ \¬In. {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS tPmen ZpjvI-
c-am-bn-cp∂p. sX‰mb hnizm-k-߃°p ]Icw ]pXn-bh ]Tn-∏n-°Ww;
{]mIr-X-\n-b-a-ß-fpsS ÿm\Øv D¬Ir-jvS-am-bh ÿm]n-°Ww;
sIm®p Ip´n-I-sf-∂-t]mse P\-ßsf ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn kwkvI-cn®p
hf¿ØWw. C∆n[w P\-ßsf kwkvI-cn-°p-hm≥ F{X kl-{km-
_v Z - ß ƒ hn\n- t bm- K n- t °≠n h∂p F∂v ssZh- Ø nt\ Adnbq!
F¶nepw a\p-jy-k-aqlw {Ia-{]-hr-≤-ambn \mK-cnI ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-
cn®p. AXv ssiihw hn´v buh- \ - Ø n- t e°v IS∂p; hyh- k mb˛
hym]mc˛ sXmgn¬ cwK-ß-fn-ep-≠mb ]ptcm-K-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w kaq-l-
߃ XΩn¬ IqSp-X¬ ASpØv _‘-s∏´p XpSßn. IS¬ hgnbpw
Ic-h-gnbpw h≥I-c-Iƒ XΩn¬ KXm-KX _‘-߃ ÿm]n-X-ambn. an°
kaq-l-ß-fnepw ssIsbgpØv {]N-cn®p. AXv hn⁄m\˛Iem˛imkv{X-
ß-fpsS {]N-mc-W-Øn\v hgn-h®p. AtXmsS kaq-l-߃ XΩn¬ Bib
hn\n-abw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. h≥ km{am-Py-߃ ÿm]n-°-s∏-
´-tXmsS hnhn[ {]tZ-i-ßfpw kap-Zm-b-ßfpw Htc cmjv{So-b-hy-h-ÿ°v
Iogn-embn. Cßs\ P\-k-aq-l-߃°n-S-bn¬ apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ AI¬-
®bpw A\y-Xzhpw Ipd™p. Aßs\ apgp-h≥ temI-Øn\p-ambn HtcI
Pohn-X-hy-hÿ \¬Im-\p≈ kml-Ncyw kwPm-X-am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.
 Ckvemw

GI-tZiw 2500 kwh-’-c-߃°v apºv Xs∂ Hcp s]mXp aXsØ

kzbw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w a\p-jys‚ at\m-L-S\ hnImkw
{]m]n®p Ign-™n-cp∂p. _p≤-aXw Hcp [m¿an-Ik- w-lnX am{X-am-bn-cp∂p.
Hc-]q¿W- aXw. F∂n-´p-aXv C¥y-bpsS AXn-cp-Iƒ IS∂v Hcp hiØv
P∏m-\nepw at¶m-fn-b-bnepw adp-h-iØv A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\nepw _pJm-d-
bnepw a‰pw {]N-cn®p. AXns‚ {]Nm-c-I≥am¿ hnZq-c-tZ-i-ß-fn-se-Øn-
t®¿∂p. A¬] iX-I-߃°p-tijw {InkvXpaXw ]nd∂p. Cukm {]-
hm-NI- ≥ Ckvemapw sIm≠mWv h∂n-cp-∂Xv. At±-lØ - n-\vtijw \n¿an-
°-s∏-´-XmWv {InkvXp-aXw. AXpw Hc-]q¿W -a-X-amWv. B aXsØ
{InkvXym-\n-Iƒ temI-Øns‚ ]e-`m-KØpw {]N-cn-∏n®p. CsX√mw sXfn-
bn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy-k-aqlw Hcp temI-a-XsØ {]Xo-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p-sh-∂mWv. kXyhpw kºq¿W-hp-amb Hcp aXw In´msX h∂-t∏mƒ
In´n-bX- ns\ Ah-sc-Xn-tc‰p˛ Ah A]-Izhpw A]q¿Whpw Bbn-cp-∂n´p
IqSn.
apl-ΩZ- v\_
- n-bpsS {]hm-NI
- Xzw
Cu L´-Øn-emWv AJne temI-Øn\pw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-k-aq-
l- ß ƒ°p- a mbn Hcp {]hm- N - I ≥ ˛ apl- Ω - Z v \ _n˛ Atd- _ y- b n¬
\ntbm-Kn-X-\m-bXv. kºq¿W-amb Hcnkvemw ssZhw At±-l-Øn\v
\¬In. AXv temI-Øp-S-\ofw {]N-cn-∏n-°pI F∂ al-Ømb ZuXyw
At±lsØ G¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atd-_y-bpsS `qan-imkv{Xw
]Tn-®p-t\m°q. k¿h-tem-I-Øn-\p-ap≈ Hcp ZuXy-Øns‚ tI{µ-am-
bn-cn-°p-hm≥ AXn-s\-°mƒ A\p-tbm-Py-amb as‰mcp {]tZ-i-hp-an-
s√∂v ImWmw. Cu cmPy-Øns‚ InS∏v Gjy-bp-sSbpw B{^n-°-
bp-sSbpw a[y-Øn-emWv. bqtdm-∏pw kao-]-Øp-X-s∂-bp≠v. hninjym,
A°m-eØv \mK-cn-I-]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-cn® bqtdm-]y≥ kaq-l-ß-fn-
e-[n-Ihpw \nh-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv bqtdm-]ns‚ sX°p-`m-K-Øm-bn-cp∂p.
B `mKw Atd-_y-tbmSv ASp-ØmWv. C¥ybpw Atd-_ybpw XΩn-
ep≈ AtX Zqc-Øn¬.
C\n, Atd-_y-bpsS Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°pI. apl-ΩZv\_n-
bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn\v Atd-_y≥P-\-X-tbmfw tbmPn® as‰mcp P\-
]Zw A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v ImWmw. t]cp-tI´ a‰p kap-Zm-b-ß-sf√mw
* C_vdm-low-, Ckvam-Cu¬ F∂o {]hm-N-I∑m-cpsS Imew apl-ΩZv\_n°v 2500
h¿jw apºmWv. Cu \o≠ Ime-L-´-Øn-\n-S°v Atd-_y-bn¬ Hcp {]hm-N-I≥
h∂n-´n√.
 Ckvemw

i‡n £bn®v Poh-—-h-ß-fmbn Xo¿∂ Imew. Ad-_n-I-fm-hs´, \h

ssNX-\y-am¿Pn® Poh¬k-ap-Zm-b-am-bn-cp∂p. CX-c- kap-Zm-b-ß-fnse
[m¿an-I-X-Øz-߃, \mK-cn-I -]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS IpsØm-gp°n-sem-en-®p-
t]m-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, Ad-_n-Isf kpJ-tem-ep-]cpw Ae-kcpw lo\-
cp-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂ bmsXmcp \mK-cn-I-Xbpw A∂v cq]w {]m]n-®n-cp-
∂n√. \mK-cn-I- ]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-cn® kaq-l-ß-fn¬ A∂v ImW-s∏-´n-
cp∂ Xn≥a-I-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-cm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. am\p-jnI KpW-ß-ƒ
an°Xpw Ah-cn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿ [oc≥amcpw \n¿`o-X-cp-am-bn-cp∂p;
DZm-ccpw Icm¿ ]men-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cp∂p; kzX{¥ Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m-cm-
bn-cp∂p; kzmX{¥y t{]an-I-fm-bn-cp∂p; Bcp-sSbpw ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n√.
am\w Im°m≥ Poh≥t]mepw _en-b¿∏n-°p-am-bn-cp∂p; efn-X-Po-hn-X-
am-Wh - ¿ \bn-®Xv. BUw-_cw Ah¿°n-jvSa - m-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂m¬, Ah¿-
°v Nne Zp¿Kp-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn¬ X¿°-an√. F∂m-eXv
Xßsf kwkvImcw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp {]hm-N-It\m ]cn-jvI¿Ømthm
2500 h¿j-ambn DS-se-Sp-°m-Ø-Xns‚ ^e-am-bn-cp∂p.* \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn
acp-`q-an-bn¬ kzX-{¥-Po-hnXw \bn-®-Xns‚ ^e-ambn A⁄X hym]-
I-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cn¬. Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy\v Ahsc kwkvI-cn-
s®-Sp-°phm-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, temIØv al-Ømb
Hcp hnπhw krjvSn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ignhv Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p ˛ AXn\v
alm-\mb Hcp a\p-jy≥ Ahsc kwkvI-cn-s®-Sp-°Ww; Abm-fpsS
D∂-X-amb Bi-b-߃ D¬Ir-jvS-amb Hcp e£y-Øn-te-°-hsc \bn-
°Ww.
C\n, Ad_n`mj-bpsS Imcy-sa-Sp-°pI. G‰hpw D∂-X-amb Bi-
b-߃ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm\pw ssZhnI ⁄m\-Ønse AXn-kq-£va-amb
kwK-Xn-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-hm\pw Ad-_n-sb-°m-f-\p-tbm-Py-amb as‰mcp
`mj-bn√. P\-a-\- p-Isf lTm-Zm-I¿jn-°p∂ ssien-bp-ap-≠-Xn\v.
[mcmfw Bi-b-ß-fpƒs°m-≈n-°m≥ GXm\pw ]Z-߃ aXn. Akv{Xw
IWs° lrZ-b-Øn-te°v Xpf-®p-I-b-dp∂ i‡n B `mj-°p≠v. ImXp-
Iƒ°v C{X-tbsd a[pcw ]I-cp∂ `mjbpw thsd-bn√. AXns‚ cmK-
Øn-ep≥a-Ø-\mbn a\p-jy≥ kzbw ad∂v BSn-Øp-Sßpw. hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ t]mep≈ Hcp al¬ {KŸ-Øn\v CØ-c-samcp `mj Xs∂-bmWv
Bh-iyw. Npcp-°-Øn¬, a\p-jy-cm-in-s°m-∂mbn Hcp {]hm-N-Is\
\ntbm-Kn-°m≥ Atd_y sXc-s™-SpØXv ssZh-Øns‚ al-Ømb
bp‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p!
 Ckvemw

apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS {]hm-N-IXzw ˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ

Bbn-c-Ø-™qdv kwh-’-c-߃°-∏p-d-tØ-s°m∂v Xncn-™p-t\m-
°pI. A∂v temIØv sSen-{Km^pw sSen-t^m-Wp-an√. Xoh-≠nbpw tam-
t´m¿Im-dp-an√. {] n√, ]{X-ß-fn√. ]pkvX-I-ß-fpan√. C∂p≈ bm{Xm-
ku-I-cy-ß-fn√. C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬, Atd_y CXc \mSp-I-fn¬\n∂v H‰-
s∏´p InS∂ Hcp cmPy-am-bn-cp∂p. Np‰p-ap≈ Cdm≥, tdmw, CuPn]vXv
F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ hn⁄m\ Iem-im-kv{X-߃ A¬]m¬]-ambn {]N-
cn-®n-cp∂p. ]t£, IsÆ-ØmØ aW¬°m-Sp-Iƒ Atd-_ysb B cm-
Py-ß-fn¬\ns∂√mw th¿s∏-SpØn \n¿Øn. Atd-_y≥ hym]m-cn-Iƒ
amk-ß-tfmfw acp-`qan Xm≠n B cmPy-ß-fn-se-Øn-s∏-´n-cp∂p. ]t£,
B _‘w hym]m-c-Øn¬ am{X-sam-Xpßn. Atd-_y-bn-em-Is´, \mK-cn-
IX hnImkw {]m]n-®n-cp-∂n√. AhnsS ]mT-im-eI - tfm {KŸm-eb
- ß
- tfm
D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. hnZym-`ymkw {]Nmcw t\Sn-bn-cp-∂n√. Fgp-Xm\pw hmbn-
°m-\p-a-dn-bp-∂-h¿ hnc-en-se-Æm-hp-∂-h¿ am{Xw. Ah¿°m-Is´, A°m-
esØ hn⁄m\ Iem-im-kv{X-ß-fn¬ ]cn-Nbw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-an√. hyh-
ÿm-]nX `c-Wtam \nb-a-hy-h-ÿtbm AhnsS C√m-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm
tKm{Xhpw kz¥w \ne°v kzm[n-Im-cn-Iƒ. sIm≈bpw Ih¿®bpw
k¿h{X. Ie-lhpw sImebpw k¿h-km-[m-cWw. a\p-jy-Po-h∂v hne
\jvS-s∏´ Imew. i‡¿ Ai-‡sc sIm∂v sIm≈-b-Sn®p.* hy`n-Nmcw,
aZy-]m\w, NqXp-Ifn F∂nh km¿h-{XnIw. \·X ]c-ky-ambn {]Z¿in-
∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ B¿°pw Hcp kt¶m-N-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. kv{XoIƒ
t]mepw ]cn-ip≤ IA-v_sb \Kv\-cmbn {]Z-£nWw sNbvXn-cp∂p. \nb-
a-hn-cp≤w, \nb-a-hn-t[bw F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hnth-N\w Ah¿°-\y-am-
bn-cp∂p. Hcp \nb-{¥-W-Øn\pw hnt[-b-cm-Im≥ Ah¿ Xøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-
∂n√. A{X i‡-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS kzmX-{¥y-t_m[w. Hcp hn[n-
I¿Øm-hn-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ k∂-≤-cm-bn√. inem {]Xn-
a-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS ssZh-߃. hgn-bn¬ I≠ `wKnbpw an\p-k-hp-
ap≈ GXv inebpw Ah¿°v ssZh-am-bn-cp∂p. BcpsS apºnepw Ip\n-
bmØ B inc- p-Iƒ ine-Iƒ°p apºn¬ btYjvSw Ip\n™p! B

* ' The Arab Civilization' (]pdw 10) F∂ IrXn-bn¬ s{]m^. tPmk^v sl¬ (Jo-
seph Hell Fgp-Xp∂p: ""CØcw hg-°p-Iƒ tZio-b-amb sFIy-t_m[w XI¿°p-
Ibpw A]-cn-lm-cy-amb kzP-\-]-£-]mXw Ah-cn¬ hf¿Øn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
X߃ kzbw kºq¿W-cm-sW∂v Hmtcm tKm{Xhpw IcpXn. a‰p-≈-h¿ X߃°v
sIm√m\pw sIm≈-b-Sn-°m\pw Ih¿® sNøm-\p-ap≈ \nb-am-\p-krX Cc-I-fm-
sW∂pw.''
 Ckvemw

ine-Iƒ Xß-fpsS Bh-iy-ß-sf√mw \n¿h-ln-°p-sa-∂-h¿ hniz-

kn®p!
CΩ-´n-ep≈ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬, CXp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp kml-N-cy-
Øn¬ Hcmƒ P\n-°p∂p. ssii-h-Øn¬Xs∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ At±-
lsØ hn´p-t]mbn. A¬]w Ign™v ]nXm-a-l\pw. B {]mb-Øn¬
e`n-t°-≠p∂ G‰hpw Ipd™ kwc-£Ww t]mepw \¬Im-\m-fn√.
hnthIw h∂ {]mb- Ø n¬ Ad_n _me≥am- t cm- s Sm∏w BSp
tabv°m≥ t]mhp-∂p. bphXzw {]m]n-®-t∏mƒ hym]m-c-Øn-te¿s∏-
Sp∂p. At±lw \n¬°p-∂Xpw Ccn-°p-∂Xpw \S-°p-∂Xpw ta¬ hnh-
cn® Xc-°m-cmb Ad-_n-I-fpsS IqsS-bmWv. hnZym-`ymkw t]cn\p
t]mepw At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®n-´n√. Fgp-Xmt\m hmbn-°mt\m Adn-
bn√. F∂m¬, At±-l-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw at\m-K-Xnbpw a‰p-≈-h-cp-
tS-Xn¬\n∂v XnI®pw `n∂-amWv. At±lw BtcmSpw If-hp-]-d-bp-
∂n√; kt`y-Xc hm°p-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√; kw-km-c-Øn¬ ImTn-
\ytam ]mcp-jytam C√; a[p-chpw hn\-bm-\zn-X-hp-amb `mjWw. B
am[p-cy-Øm¬ P\-߃ At±-l-Øn-em-Ir-jvS-cm-hp∂p; A\y-cp-sS-Xm-
b- s Xm∂pw At±lw sX‰mb hgn°v kz¥- a m- ° p- ∂ n√; hniz-
kvXXbm¬, P\-߃ hne-s∏´ hkvXp-°ƒ kq£n-°m-t\¬]n-°p-
∂Xv At±-l-sØ-bmWv. At±lw Ah kz¥w Poh-s\-sb-t∂mWw
kq£n- ° p∂p. At±- l - Ø ns‚ kXy- k - ‘ X k¿hcpw AwKo- I - c n-
°p∂p; Ah- c - t ±- l sØ "hniz- k v X ≥' (A¬- A - a o≥) F∂v hnfn-
°p∂p. e÷bpw kt¶m-Nhpw At±-l-Øns‚ {]Ir-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p.
t_m[wsh®-tijw \Kv\-\mbn Bcp-a-t±-lsØ I≠n-´n√. At±-l-
Øns‚ kZm-Nm-c-\njvT IWn-i-am-bn-cp∂p. Hc-\y-kv{Xosb At±lw
IÆp-b¿Øn t\m°n-bn-´n√. ]cn-ip-≤hpw \n¿a-e-hp-amb B {]IrXn
kIe hn[ A[¿a-ß-sfbpw shdpØp. aqVcpw aen-\-lr-Z-bcpw
t]m°n-cn-I-fp-amb P\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kl-hmkw B kz`m-h-߃
Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Hcn-°epw CS-bm-°n-bn√. At±-l-Øns‚ k¿h-I¿a-
ß-fnepw hrØnbpw shSn∏pw sXfn-™p-\n∂p. kaqlw \S-Øp∂
sIm≈bpw sImebpw I≠v B a\ v hyY ]q≠p. AXn-\m¬, Ie-
l-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ k‘nbpw kulr-Z-hp-ap-≠m-°m≥ At±lw ]cn-
{i-an-°p∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ lrZbw Atß-b‰w Aen-hp-≈-XmWv.
A\y-cpsS ZpxJw At±-l-sØbpw ZpxJn-∏n-°p∂p; A\m-Y-I-sfbpw
hn[-h-I-sfbpw At±lw klm-bn-°p∂p. hni-°p-∂-h¿°m-lmcw
 Ckvemw

\¬Ip∂p; bm{X-°msc klm-bn-°p∂p. At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v B¿°pw

Hcp t{Zmlhpw t\cn-Sp-∂n√. _nw_-]q-P-I-tcm-sSm∏w Ign-™n´pw _nw_-
ß-sf-bt- ±lw ITn-\a
- mbn shdp-°p∂p. Hcn-°e- p-samcp krjvSn-bpsS apºn-
e-t±lw Xe Ip\n-°p-∂n√. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep≈ hkvXp-°-sfm∂pw
]qP-b¿ln-°p∂n√ F∂ Bibw At±-l-Øns‚ A¥-cm-f-Øn¬\n∂v
kzbw ]pd-Øp-h-cp∂p. ssZhw H∂p-am-{Xta D≠m-Imhq; H∂p-am-{X-ta-
bp≈q F∂v At±-l-Øns‚ a\ v kzbw ]d-bp∂p. Aßs\ B a\p-
jy≥ aqV-cmb B P\-߃°n-Sb - n¬ th¿Xn-cn™v ImW-s∏-Sp∂p. Nc¬
°q-\-bnse cXv\w-t]mse; sImSpw-X-a- n-semcp `mkpc Zo]w t]mse!
\m¬]Xp hb- m-Ip-thmfw At±lw Cu hnin-jvShpw hnip-≤-hp-
amb PohnXw \bn-°p∂p. ]mh-\hpw am\yhpw DXvIr-jvSh - p-amb PohnXw.
B L´-Øn¬, X\n°v Np‰pw hym]n-®n-cn-°p∂ L\m-‘-Imcw At±-l-
sØ ]cn-{`m¥ NnØ-\m-°p∂p. A⁄-Xbpw A[¿ahpw Acm-PI - X
- zhpw
_lp-ssZ-h-Xz-hpam-Ip∂ A‘-Im-c-߃. HSp-hn-e-t±lw A‘-Im-c-ß-
fpsS Cu ]mcm-hm-c-Øn¬\n∂v tamN\w B{K-ln-°p∂p. ImcWw, Ahn-
sS Xs‚ {]Ir-Xn-°n-W-ßp-∂-Xmbn H∂p-an√. Aßs\, At±lw Zqsc
Hcp ]¿h-XØ - nse Kpl-bpsS im¥-amb GIm-¥X - b
- n¬ ]e Znh-k߃
Ign-®p-Iq-´p∂p. {hX-ip≤n hcp-Øp∂p. a\- n\pw akvXn-jvI-Øn\pw
Gsd-tbsd ss\¿aeyw ssIh-cp-Øp∂p. Zo¿L-amb [ym\-Ønepw
Nn¥-bnepw apgp-Inb Zn\-cm-{X-߃. Np‰pw hym]n®p InS-°p∂ A‘-
Imcw \o°w sNøm-\p-X-Ip∂ Hcp ssIØncn A£-a-tbmsS At±lw
]c- X p∂p. \mi- K ¿Ø- Ø n- e m- ≠ p- t ]mb, Zpjn® B temIsØ
A∏msS ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bm-\p-X-Ip-∂ Hcp i‡n X\n°v ssIh-s∂-
¶n-se-∂m-in-°p∂p˛ ]cn-ip-≤hpw im¥n-]q¿W-hp-amb Hcp \h-temIw
]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ Hcp i‡n-hn-tijw!
s]s´-∂Xm, At±-l-Øns‚ ÿnXn-bn¬ hºn® am‰w. Xm≥ tXSn-
s°m-≠n-cp∂ shfn®w s]mSp-∂s\ a\- n¬ {]Xy-£-amb t]mse.
apsºm-cn-°epw tXm∂mØ Hcp i‡n X∂n¬ h∂v \ndbpw t]mse.
Kpl-bpsS GIm-¥X hn´v At±lw ]pdØv hcp∂p. kz¥w kap-Zm-b-
Øns‚ ASp-°¬ sN∂v- C-{]-Imcw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p∂p: "\nß-fm-cm-[n-
°p∂ Cu {]Xn-a-Iƒ Xo¿Øpw \njv{]-tbm-P-\-amWv. kqcy˛-N-{µ˛-\-
£-{Xm-Zn-I-fpw BIm-i-`q-an-I-fnse kI-e- N-cm-N-c-ßfpw ssZh-Øns‚
krjvSn-Iƒ am{Xw. AtX ssZh-amWv \nß-fp-sSbpw {kjvSmhv˛ \n߃-
°v Blmcw Xcp-∂-X-h-\mWv. \nßsf Pohn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw acn-∏n-°p-∂-
 Ckvemw

Xp-a-h-\mWv. AXp-sIm-≠-hs\ am{Xw Bcm-[n-°pI. Bh-iy-߃ Ah-

∂v am{Xw ka¿∏n-°pI; klmbw Ah-t\mSv am{Xw tXSpI. \n߃
sNbvXpIq´p∂ tamj-Whpw Ih¿®bpw aZy-]m-\hpw NqXm-´hpw hy`n-
Nm-c-hp-sa√mw h≥Ip-‰-ß-fmWv. ssZhw Xosc CjvS-s∏-Sm-Øh. AXp-
sIm-≠-h-sb√mw XyPn-°p-ho≥. kXyw am{Xw ]d-bpI; \oXn ]pe¿-
ØpI; A\y-cpsS Poh\pw [\-hp-a-]-l-cn-°-cpXv; CS-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ kXy-
k-‘X ]men-°pI; \nß-sf√mw a\p-jy-cmWv; a\p-jytcm ka≥amcpw.
hwiw, tKm{Xw, tZiw, `mj, h¿Ww, cq]w, thjw, kºØv F∂n-h-bn-
sem∂pw Hcp amlm-fly-hp-an√. ssZh-`‡n, kXy-k-‘X, k¬°¿aw,
hnip≤ PohnXw ˛ Ch-bmWv amlm-fly-Øns‚ am\-ZWvUw. ac-Wm-\-
¥cw \n߃s°√mw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-tI-≠-Xp≠v. \oXn-am-
\mb ssZh-Øns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ ip]m¿itbm ssI°q-entbm \S-°p-
I-bn√. Bcp-sSbpw tKm{X-am-lmflyw KpWw sNøn√. kXy-hn-izm-
khpw kXvI¿ahpw am{X-am-W-hnsS {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpI. B Aaqey
kºØv ssIh-i-ap-≈-h¿ kz¿Kw ]qIpw. C√m-Ø-h¿ \c-I-Ønepw.
CXm-bn-cp∂p At±lw \¬Inb D]-tZ-i-Øns‚ Npcp°w. ]t£,
hnUvVn-I-fmb P\-߃ Ah-cpsS bYm¿Y KpWImw-£n-bmb B DØ-
a-]p-cp-js\ ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ t{Zmln-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. Xß-fpsS
]q¿hn-Im-Nm-c-ßsf Bt£-]n®p, ap≥Km-an-Isf X≈n-∏-d™p XpS-ßn-
b-h-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-c-t±-l-Øn¬ I≠ Ip‰w. B Ip‰-Øns‚ t]cn¬
Ah-c-t±-lsØ iIm-cn®p; Is√-dn™p; ITn-\-ambn a¿Zn®p; tZtlm-]-
{Z-h-ta¬]n®p; Ah-km\w h[n-°p-hm≥ t]mepw KqVm-tem-N\ \SØn.
]Xn-aq∂v kwh-’-c-߃ Ah-c-t±-lsØ \nc-¥cw {Iqc-ambn B{I-
an®p sIm≠n-cp∂p. KXy-¥-c-an-√msX kztZiw shSn-bm≥ t]mepw

* kXy-am¿K-Øn¬ FXn¿∏ns‚ sImSp-¶m-‰p-Iƒ Xs∂ t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂p, {]hm-N-I∂v.

At±lw AsX√mw ]p©n-cn-tbmsS t\cn´p. {]oW-\-߃t°m {]tem-`-\-߃t°m
hg-ßmsX At±lw Xs‚ am¿K-Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n∂p. `oj-Wn-Iƒ \_nsb `b-s∏-Sp-
Øm≥ t]m∂-X√ F∂p-I≠ Ad-_n-Iƒ HSp-hn¬ as‰m-c-Shv {]tbm-Kn®p. AXpw,
]t£, ]cm-P-b-Øn-emWv Iem-in-®Xv.
Jpssdin {]ap-J-c-S-ßp∂ Hcp \nth-ZI kwLw \_n-bpsS ASp-Øp-h∂p. `mhn-
°m≥ Ign-bp∂ F√m sFlnI {]Xm-]hpw Ah¿ \_n°v sh®p-\o´n, At±-lsØ
hi-Øm-°m≥ th≠n. Ah¿ ]d™p: ""[\-amWv \n\°m-h-iy-sa-¶n¬ \n\-°n-
jvS-ap-≈{X [\w R߃ Xcmw. ÿm\-am-\-amWv tamln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ R߃
\ns∂ cmPm-hmbn hmgn°mw. kuµ-cy-Øn-emWv IsÆ-¶n¬ \o sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂
kuµ-cy-[m-asØ \n\°v thfn Ign°mw.''
\_nsb h√-hn-t[-\bpw ZuXy-\n¿h-lW- Ø- n¬\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-Ib
- m-bn-cp∂p Ah-
 Ckvemw

At±lw \n¿_-‘n-X-\mbn. F∂n-´p-a-h¿ AS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n√. At±lw

FØn-t®¿∂ {]tZ-iØpw h¿j-ß-tfmfw Ah-c-t±-lsØ ]e-hn-[-
Øn¬ iey-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p.
Cu IjvS-X-I-sf√mw B alm-\p-`m-h≥ F¥n-\mWv kln-®Xv?
temI-Øn\v kXy-Øns‚ t\¿am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\m-{K-ln-®Xp-
sIm≠p-am{Xw. Cu ]pXnb Bi-bß- f- p-t]-£n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip∂ ]£w
Xß-fpsS t\XrXzw Xs∂ At±-lØ - n\v \¬Ip-hm-\h - ¿ Xøm-dm-bn-cp∂p.
kº-Øns‚ Iqºmcw At±-l-Øns‚ ]mZ-ß-fn-e¿∏n-°m-\-h¿ Hcp-°-
am-bn-cp∂p.* ]t£, At±lw AsX√mw Xosc Ah-KW - n®p. Xs‚ I¿Ø-
hy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬ ]X-dmsX \ne-sIm≠p. Hcmƒ kzm¿Y-em-`-߃°p-
th-≠n-b-√msX, A\y-cpsS \∑bpw t£ahpw am{Xw ap≥\n¿Øn
\m\m-Xcw IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ t]dpI! GsXmcp P\-Øn\v th≠n At±-
l-anXv sNøp-∂pthm B P\w Is√-dn-bp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS \∑-°p-
th≠n {]m¿Yn-°pI! CXn-ep-ap¬Ir-jvShpw DZm-Ø-hp-amb Bflm¿Y-
Xbpw KpW-Imw-£bpw \ap°v hn`m-h\ sNøm-\m-Iptam?
C\nbpw Nn¥n®p t\m°pI! B a\p-jy≥ Kpl-bnse GIm-¥-
hmkw hn´v ]pdØv hcp∂p˛ Hcp ]pXnb ktµ-i-hp-ambn. AtXmsS
F{X hºn® am‰-am-W-t±-l-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv! Ct∏m-g-t±lw Dcp-
hn-Sp∂ hm°p-Iƒ kmln-Xy-k-º-∂-amWv; A¿Y-Kw-`o-c-amWv; CØcw
hm°p-Iƒ apºmcpw ]d-™n-´n√. ]n∂oSpw ]d-™n-´n√. kz¥w Imhy-
{]-Xn-`-bnepw {]kw-K-ssh-`-h-Ønepw kmln-Xy-{]u-Vn-bnepw A`n-
am-\n-®n-cp-∂-h-cmWv Ad-_n-Iƒ. F∂m¬, Xm\p-cn-bm-Sp-∂Xp t]mep≈

cpsS Dt±iyw. Bscbpw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ hio-I-cn-°p-hm≥ t]m∂ {]tem-`-\-߃.

]t£, {]hm-N-Is‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ Ah-sb{X Xp—w! Hcp kvt^mS\w t]mse At±-
l-Øns‚ adp-]Sn h∂p: ""sIm≈-ap-Xtem A[n-Im-ctam F\n-°p-th≠! P\-
߃s°mcp ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Im-c-\m-bn-´mWv ssZh-sas∂ \ntbm-Kn-®Xv. Ahs‚
ktµiw \n߃s°- Ø n- ° p- I - b mWv Rm≥. AXv kzoI- c n- ® m¬ \n߃°o
temIØv kuJyhpw kam-[m-\hpw t\Smw. ]c-tem-IØv imizX kpJhpw. kzoI-
cn-°mØ ]£w \ap-°n-S-bn¬ ssZhw Xs∂ Xo¿∏p I¬]n-®p-sIm≈pw.''
as‰m-cn-°¬ \m´p aq∏-∑m-cpsS \n¿_-‘-Øn\v hgßn ZuXy-ap-t]-£n-°m≥ Xt∂m-
Sm-hi
- y-s∏´ kz¥w ]nXr-hy-t\m-St- ±lw ]d™p: ""]nXrhym! he-Xp-ssI-bn¬ kqcy-
s\bpw CSXp ssIbn¬ N{µ-s\bpw Ah¿ sh®p-X-∂mepw Cu IrXy-Øn¬\n∂v
Rm≥ hnc-an-°p-∂-X√. H∂p-In¬ {]kvXpX {iaw k^-e-ambn ssZh-{]oXn t\SpI.
As√-¶n¬ B am¿K-Øn-em-bn-s°m≠v \in-°pI. c≠n-sem∂v kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xp-
hsc Rm\nXv XpScpw.'' {]hm-N-Is‚ \nkvXp-e-amb \n›-b-Zm¿Vyhpw BZ¿i-\n-
jvT-bp-amWv \man-hnsS ImWp-∂Xv.-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

Hcp hmIy-sa-¶nepw \n¿an-°m≥ B \nc-£-c≥ Ah-sc-sbm-∂-S¶w

sh√p-hn-fn®p. ]t£, kz¥w ]cm-Pbw kΩ-Xn®v Ah¿ At±-l-
Øns‚ apºn¬ Xe- I p- \ n- ° p- I - b m- b n- c p∂p. F¥n- t \sd, At±- l -
Øns‚ Xs∂ a‰p hN-\-ßfpw {]`m-j-W-ßfpw B {]tXyI hmIy-
ß-fpsS Kmw`o-cyhpw A¿Y-]p-jvSnbpw kuµ-cyhpw kv^pcn-∏n-°p-∂-
h-bm-bn-cp∂n√. At±-l-Øns‚ kz¥w hN-\-ßsf, B {]tXy-I -h-
N-\-ß-tfmSv C∂pw Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn t\m°q˛ Ah XΩn¬ hy‡-
amb A¥cw ImWmw.
Hcp hnZybpw A`y-kn-®n-´n-√mØ, acp-`q-hm-kn-bmb B a\p-jy≥
]d-bp-hm≥ XpS-ßnb kmc-K¿`hpw A¿Y-k-ºp-jvS-hp-amb hmIy-߃
apºmcpw ]d-™h - b
- √. C∂m¿s°-¶nepw ]d-bpI km[y-hp-a√. At±lw
Xs∂bpw, \m¬]Xp hb- n\v apºv, AØ-c-samcp hm°pw D®-cn-®n-´p-
an√. Fs¥√mw hnj-b-ß-fm-W-Xn¬ ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-´Xv! km∑m¿Kn-
Ihpw [m¿an-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmwk¿Kn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw
cmjv{So-b-hp-amb sshhn-[y-am¿∂ hnj-b-߃! F∂√, a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-
Ønse kIe {]iv\-߃ kw_-‘n®pw \nkvXp-e-amb \nb-a-߃ \nc-
£-c-\mb B a\p-jys‚ \mhn¬\n∂p-Xn¿∂p hoWp. Ah-bpsS bp‡n-
c-l-ky-߃ Npcp-f-gn-°p-hm≥ alm ]fin-X-cp-sSbpw _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fp-
sSbpw kwh-’-c-߃ \o≠ Nn¥bpw Kth-j-Whpw th≠n-h∂p.
temIw Kth-jW˛]T-\-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-t¥mdpw Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb
bp‡nbpw XØzhpw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X-embn shfn-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
I-bpamWv. Bbn-c-Øn-ap-∂q-dn¬]cw* kwh-’-c-߃ sImgn-™p-
ho-sW-¶nepw At±lw sIm≠p-h∂ \nb-a-ß-fn¬ am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-
Iƒ°v ]gp-tXXpw ImWp-∂n√. ]e \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Ifpw Bbncw
XhW \n¿an-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Xncp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. ]t£,
Hmtcm ]co-£-Whpw ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, \ma-am{X hnZym-
`ymkw t]mepw kn≤n-°mØ B a\p-jy≥ ]c-k-lmbw IqSmsX
\S-∏m-°nb \nb-a-Øns‚ Hcp hIp-∏p-t]mepw amt‰-≠-Xmbn h∂n-
´n√!
Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂p h¿jsØ Ime-L-´-Øn¬, At±lw kz¥w kz`m-
h-ta-∑-bpsS _e-Øm¬ _≤-ssh-cn-I-sf-t∏mepw Bfl an{X-ß-fm°n
* 1932˛-emWv auem\m auZqZn Cu {KŸw cNn-®Xv. ˛F-Un-‰¿
** DlpZv bp≤-Øn¬, Ad_n tKm{X-Ø-e-h-\mb A_q-kp-^vbms‚ `mcy lnµv \_n-
bpsS ]nXr-hy≥ lwkbpsS Icƒ ISn®v Nh®v Acniw Xo¿Ø kw`hw.
 Ckvemw

am‰n; FXn-cm-fn-Isf A\p-Iq-en-Ifpw. FXn¿°m≥ I®-sI´n cwK-

Øp-h∂ h≥i-‡n-Iƒt]mepw tXm¬hn kΩ-Xn®v At±-l-Øns‚
Im¬°¬ hoWp. HSp-hn-e-t±lw hnPbw t\Sn. At∏m-gp-a-t±lw i{Xp-
°-tfmSv {]Xn-Imcw sNbvXn√. BtcmSpw A{Iaw {]h¿Øn-®p-an√.
kz¥w ]nXr-hys\ h[n®v, Ic-sf-SpØv Nh-®p-Xp-∏n-b-h¿°v t]mepw
At±lw am∏p \¬In.** Xs∂ Is√-dn-bp-Ibpw _ln-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw
B´n-tbm-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXh
- ¿°pw hnP-bm-\¥
- cw s]mdpØpsImSpØp.
Bsc-bp-a-t±lw h©n-®n√; DS-º-Sn-I-sfm∂pw ewLn-®n√. bp≤-Øn¬
t]mepw A{Iaw ImWn-®n√. _≤-ssh-cn-Iƒ°p IqSn At±-l-Øn-\p-
ta¬ AØ-c-sam-cm-tcm-]Ww D∂-bn-°p-hm-\m-bn√. CtX kXy-k-‘-
Xbpw [¿a\n-jvTbpwsIm≠mWv apgp-h≥ Ad-_n-I-fp-sSbpw lrZ-b-sØ-
b-t±lw an\p-k-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv. ]n∂oSv AtX KpW-ß-fpsS ]n≥_-e-
Øm¬, k¿h-Zp¿Kp-W-ß-fp-sSbpw Ie-h-d-bm-bn-cp∂ B Ad-_n-Isf,
Ah-c-I-s∏´pInS∂ A⁄-Xm-‘-Im-c-Øn¬\n-∂-t±lw tamNn-∏n-°p-
Ibpw sNbv X p. Hcp ]cn- j v I rX kaq- l - a m°n Ah- s c- b - t ±lw

* PA-v^-dp_v\p A_o-Xzm-en-_ns‚ Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb {]kwKw CØ-cp-W-Øn¬

{]kv X m- h y- a mWv . _lp- s sZ- h m- c m- [ - I - c psS a¿Z\w kln- ° - h - ø m- X m- b - t ∏mƒ
Ab¬cm-Py-amb A_n-ko-\n-bb - n-te°v(C∂sØ FtXym]y) IpSn-tb-dp-hm≥ A\p-
N-c-∑m-cn¬ Nne-tcmSv \_n Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. Aßs\ Hcp hn`mKw A_n-
ko-\n-bb- n-te°v t]mbn. \_n°pw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p-sa-Xn-cn¬ F¥p ISpwssIbpw
sNøp-hm≥ aSn-°m-Xn-cp∂ a°m {]am-Wn-am¿ shdp-sX-bn-cp-∂n√. Ah¿ A`-bm¿Yn-
Isf A\p-K-an®p. A_nko-\n-b≥ cmPm-hmb \÷m-in-tbmSv (t\Kkv) Ahsc
_em-¬°mcw aS°n Ab-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏´p. \_n XpS-ßn-sh® al-Ømb hnπ-
h-Øn-te°v shfn®whoin-s°m≠v \÷m-in-bpsS sIm´m-c-Øn¬ A`-bm¿Yn-I-fn-
sem-cm-fmb PA-v^¿ Hcp {]kwKw sNbvXp. AXns‚ cXv\-®p-cp-°-amWv NphsS:
""A√tbm! cmPmth, R߃ hn{K-l-]q-P-I-cmb Hcp P\-X-bm-bn-cp∂p. R߃ ihw
Xo\n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p. lo\-am-b-sX¥pw sNøp-am-bn-cp∂p. _‘p-°-tfm-Sp≈ _m[yX
R߃ \nd-th-‰n-bn√. Ab¬hm-kn-I-tfmSv \nµy-ambn h¿Øn®p. Zp¿_-es‚ sNe-
hn¬ i‡¿ XSn-®p-sIm-gpØp. Ah-km\w Rßsf kap-≤-cn-°m≥ ssZhw Hcp
{]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn®p. At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-k-‘X, A¥ v, B¿Phw, Zo\m-
\p-Iº XpS-ßnb KpW-߃ R߃°v kp]-cn-Nn-X-ß-fmWv. At±lw Rßsf
ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn-te°v £Wn®p. hn{K-lm-cm-[\ hne°n. kXyta ]d-bmhq F∂pw
Icm¿ ]men-°W - s
- a∂pw c‡-_‘w am\n-°W - s - a∂pw Ab¬°m¿°v KpWw sNø-
W-sa∂pw At±lw Rßsf D]-tZ-in®p. A«oew h¿Pn-°-W-sa∂pw c‡-s®m-cn-
®n¬ \n¿Ø-W-sa∂pw At±lw Rß-tfm-Sm-⁄m-]n®p. F√m-hn[ B`m-k-ßfpw
At±lw \njn-≤-am°n. If-hv]-d-b¬, A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w A]-l-cn-°¬, ]Xn-{h-
X-If- n¬ hy`n-Nm-c° - p‰w Npa-ج BZn-bm-bh - s- b√mw. BI-bm¬ Rß-ft- ±-lsØ
hniz-kn®p; At±-lsØ ]n¥p-S¿∂p; At±lw ]d™ {]Imcw \S-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.''-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

hm¿sØ- S pØp. Hcp hyh- ÿ °pw hg- ß m- X n- c p∂ Ad- _ n- I sf

temI-N-cn-{X-Øn-ep-Zm-l-c-W-an-√mØ \nb-a-]m-e-I-cm-°n-Øo¿Øp. Hcp
`c-W-co-Xn°pw hnt[-b-am-Im≥ Xøm-dn-√m-Xn-cp∂ Ahsc {]uV-amb
Hcp `c-W-Øns‚ A\p-k-c-W-ap≈ {]P-I-fm°n am‰n. [m¿anI˛kZm-
Nmc KpW-ß-fpsS kv]¿i-ta-¬°mØ Ahsc AXyp¬IrjvS KpW-
ß-fpsS tIZm-c-am-°n-Øo¿Øp. C∂v Ah-cpsS Ncn{Xw hmbn-°p-∂-
h¿ hnkva-b-kvX-_v[cm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p. A[x-]-X-\-Øns‚ Bg-Øn¬
InS∂ Hcp P\X Hcp a\p-jys‚ {ia-^-e-ambn, temI-Ønse AP-
ø-i-‡n-bm-hpI˛ AtXm, shdpw Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂v kwh-’cwsIm≠v!

* B¿X¿ se\m¿Uv ]d-bp∂p: ""kXy-Øn¬, Ckvemw al-Ømb Hcp IrXy-amWv

\n¿h-ln-®Xv. a\pjy Ncn-{X-Øn¬, am®p-I-f-bm-\m-hmØ Hcp ÿm\w AXv t\Sn-
sb-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p. temIw C\nbpw hf¿∂pIgn-bp-tºmƒ am{Xta Ckvem-ans‚
ÿm\w ]q¿W-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp≈q.'' Hcp ap≥\nc imk-v{X-⁄-\mb
tPm¨ sZh≥t]m-´ns‚ \nco-£Ww ImWpI: ""Du¿P-X{¥w, tPymXn-ximkv{Xw,
XØz-imkv{Xw, KWn-X-imkv{Xw XpSßn ]Ømw-i-XIw apX¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ ]pjvSn-
{]m-]n-®p-h∂ hn⁄m\ imJ-I-sf-√mw-Xs∂, auen-I-ambn, Atd-_y≥ Nn¥m-
[m-c-I-fn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-∂-h-bm-sW∂v kΩ-Xnt® ]‰q. kvs]bv\nse Ad-
_n-Iƒ bqtdm-]y≥ XØz-Nn-¥-bpsS ]nXm-°-fmbn KWn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amWv.''
Qu by A K "I LAM s C N IBU I N CIENCE AND CIVILIZA I N
hnJymX {_n´ojv Nn¥-I-\mb _¿{S‚ v d ¬ C{]-Imcw FgpXn: ""Ing-°ns‚ A[o-
iXzw ssk\nI taJ-e-bn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√. imkv{Xw, XØz-Nn¥, Ihn-X, Ie-
Iƒ˛F√mw apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS temIØv ]pjvSn{]m]n®p. A∂v bqtdm∏v A⁄-X-
bn-em≠p InS-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, bqtdm-∏p-Im¿ am∏¿ln-°mØ Hu≤-Xy-
tØmsS B Ime-L-´sØ "Ccp≠ bpKw' F∂p hnfn®p. F∂m¬, Ccp´v bqtdm-
∏n¬ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p˛Xo¿®-bmbpw, {InkvXy≥ bqtdm-∏n¬ am{Xw. ImcWw, A∂v
apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn-em-bn-cp∂ kvs]bn-\n¬ DPz-e-amb Hcp \mK-cn-IX
\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p.'' AKI AN QUA E LY-V IV N
hnJymX Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb tdm_¿´v {_nt^mƒ´v Xs‚ " HE MAKIN F HI Y' F∂
{KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p: Ad-_n-I-fn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xß-fpsS ap≥Im-em-h-ÿ-Iƒ
AXn-P-bn-°p-hm≥ klm-bn® KpW-ß-fpƒs°m-≈p-hm≥ bqtdm-]y≥ \mK-cn-I-X°v
an°-hmdpw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. Imc-W-ap≠v: Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-IX IS∂p
sN√mØ Hcp taJ-ebpw Is≠-ØpI km[y-a-s√-¶nepw B[p-\nI bpK-Øns‚
\n¿Wm-bI i‡nbpw am\-hnI t\´-ß-fpsS apJy-t{km-X- p-amb imkv{Xob
Nn¥-bp-sSbpw {]Ir-Xn-im-kv{X-im-J-I-fp-sSbpw taJ-e-bn¬ AXv sNep-Ønb
kzm[o\w as‰m-∂nepw A{X {]I-S-a√ F∂p-thWw Icp-Xm≥. "kb≥kv' F∂v
\mw hnfn-°p-∂Xv Hcp ]pXnb At\z-jW ssNX-\y-Øns‚ ^e-am-bn-cp∂p˛Kth-
j-W-Øns‚ ]pXnb coXn-Iƒ, ]co-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw \nco-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-
am-W-Øn-s‚-bp-amb ]pXnb ]pXnb ssien-Iƒ; KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øn¬ {Ko°p-
Im¿°p-t]m-ep-a-⁄m-X-amb cq]-Øn-ep≈ ]pXnb Im¬sh-∏p-Iƒ°m-bp≈ At\z-
j-W-Xzc. B ssNX-\yhpw B coXn-Ifpw bqtdm-]y¿°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Ad-
_n-I-fmWv.''
t{]m{K- ohv FUp-t°-j≥ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ ÿm]-I-\mb Ãm≥hpUv tIm_v
]d-bp∂p: ""bqtdm-∏n-ep-≠mb ssh⁄m-\nI \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ImcWw
 Ckvemw

XpS¿∂-h¿ temI-Ønse A∂sØ h≥ i‡n-I-sf-sb√mw {lkz-

ImewsIm≠v XI¿ØpIf™p. temI-Øn-\-h¿ [¿ahpw kZm-Nm-
chpw a\p-jy-Xzhpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-SpØp. Ckvem-ans‚ in£-Whpw
A[ym-]-\-ßfpw ssII-fn-te¥n B{^n-°-bnepw bqtdm-∏n-ep-a-h¿
hnP-b-t`cn apg°n.*
CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv At±lw Ad-_n-I-fn¬ ssIh-cn® t\´-ß-
sf- ° p- d n- ® mWv . F∂m¬, CXn- t esd hnkv a - b m- h - l - a mWv At±- l -
Øns‚ Bi-b-߃ temI-amsI Df-hm-°nb ^e-߃. temI-Øns‚
Nn¥m-K-Xn-bnepw BNm-c-ß-fnepw \nb-a-kw-ln-X-I-fnepw At±lw
hºn® hnπhw krjvSn®p. At±-lsØ t\Xmhpw am¿K-Z¿in-bp-am-
bw-Ko-I-cn-®-h¿ am{X-a√, FXn¿Ø-hcpw, _≤-ssh-cn-Iƒt]mepw, B
kzm[o-\-Øn¬\ns∂m-gn-hm-bn√ F∂-Xm-W-Zv`pXw. temIw ad-∂p-
t]mb GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ i‡-\mb h‡m-hmbn At±lw
cwK-Øp-h-∂-tXmsS, _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw hn{K-l-]q-P-bn-ep-
a-[n-jvTn-X-amb aX-߃ t]mepw AXns‚ hml-I-cm-Im≥ \n¿_-‘n-
X-cmbn. At±-l-Øns‚ [m¿anI kZm-Nmc kn≤m-¥-߃ Atß-b‰w
{]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cp∂p. XZv^-e-ambn AXv A\y-k-Zm-Nmc kwln-X-
I-fn¬ h≥ kzm[o\w sNepØn. C∂pw sNep-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.
\nbaw, cmPy-X{¥w, kwkvImcw, \mK-cn-IX, imkv{Xo-b-Nn¥ XpS-
ßnb taJ-e-I-fn-e-t±lw \n¿tZin® XØz-߃ XnI®pw icnbpw
]cn-]-Iz-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. X∂n-anØw FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ t]mepw Ah sas√
sas√ ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ XpSßn. C∂pw ]I¿Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-
°p∂p.*
A⁄-cmb Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬, A‘-Im-cm-hr-X-amb Hcp {]tZ-
i-ØmWv Cu a\p-jys‚ P\\w. \mev]Xp hb- p-hsc CS-b-hr-
Ønbpw hym]m-c-hp-a-√m-sXm-∂p-a-t±lw sNbvXn-´n√. hnZym-`ym-ktam

Ckvemw Bbn-cp∂p.''( Quoted by Robert. L.Gullick Jr. in 'Mohammad the Educator')-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
* {]hm-N-I-s\m-cn-°¬ ]d™p: ""IS-°m-c-\mbn ac-W-a-S-bm-\n-S-bp≈, As√-¶n¬,
ac-W-tijw _‘p-°sf \ncm-ew-_-\m-°n-tb-°m-hp∂ h√-h-cp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Fs∂
kao-]n-°s´. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw c£m-I¿Øm-hmWv Rm≥.''- Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS PohnXw
CXn∂v DØa km£n-bs{X.-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

in£-Wtam e`n-®n-´n√. AΩ-´n-ep≈ Hcp a\p-jy∂v \mev]Xv XnI-

™-t∏m-tg°pw Fhn-sS-\n-∂mWv s]mSp-∂s\ Cu Ign-hp-I-f-{Xbpw
kn≤n-®Xv? FhnsS\n∂m-W-t±-l-Øn\v ⁄m\w e`n-®Xv? `Wm-[n-
]≥, ssk\y-\m-b-I≥, ]cn-jvI¿Ømhv, cmPy-X-{¥-⁄≥, \nb-a-
⁄≥, XØz-⁄m\n F∂o \ne-I-fn-se√mw At±lw AZzn-Xo-b-
\m-bn-cp∂p. AtX kabw Xs∂ At±lw \ni-bpsS \o≠-bm-a-߃
ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn¬ apgp-Ip∂p. `mcym-k-¥m-\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ ISa \n¿h-
ln-°p∂p. AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ai-c-W¿°pw tkh\w sNøp∂p.* `c-
Wm-[n-Imcw ssIbn¬ h∂n´pw shdp-samcp Zcn-{Z-s\-t∏mse Pohn-
°p∂p; ]\-tbm-e-sIm-≠p-≠m-°nb ]cp-]-cpØ ]mb-bn-ep-d-ßp∂p;
]cp-°≥ hkv{X-߃ [cn-°p∂p. efn-X-amb Blmcw am{Xw Ign-
°p∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ ]´nWn InS-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
Cu tbmKy-X-I-sf√mw AWn-\n-c-Øn-s°m≠v, Xm≥ Hc-am-\p-j-
\m-sW∂v At±lw hmZn®p F∂p sh°pI. F¶n¬ B¿°mWv AXv
Jfin-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpI? F∂m¬ kXy-k-‘-\mb B a\p-jy≥
F¥mWv ]d-™-sXt∂m? H∂pw Xt‚-X-s√∂v! F√mw ssZh-Øns‚-
Xm-sW∂v! Rm≥ \nß-fpsS apºn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂ Cu \nkvXpe hmIy-
߃˛ GsXm-∂n\v Xpey-ambn Hcp h - m-Iy-sa-¶nepw cNn-°p-∂X - n¬ temIw
]cm-Pb- s
- ∏-´pthm B hmIy-߃˛ Rm≥ kzbw cNn-®h - b
- √; Fs‚ {]Xn-
`-bpsS ^e-a√; Ah ssZh-Øns‚ hmIy-ß-fmWv. Ah-bpsS t]cn-ep≈
k¿h _lp-a-Xnbpw ssZh-Øn-∂mWv; Rm≥ sNøp∂ Imcy-ß-fm-
Is´, Fs‚ kz¥w bp‡n-bp-sSbpw {]m]vXn-bp-sSbpw ^e-a√. ssZh-
\n¿tZiw A\p-k-cn-®p-≈h am{X-amWv. Nn¥n®p t\m°pI: C{Xbpw
kXy-k-‘-\mb a\p-jy≥ {]hm-N-I-\mWv F∂ Imcyw Fßs\
\ntj-[n°pw? At±-l-Øns‚ tbmKy-X-Ifpw Ign-hp-Ifpw I¿a-ßfpw
ap≥\n¿Øn XØp-ey-\mb as‰mcp hy‡nsb temI Ncn-{X-Øn¬
Is≠-Øm-\m-hptam?* C{X-sbms° tbmKy-X-I-fp-≠m-bn´pw AXn¬
Al-¶-cn-°p-Itbm AXn-s‚ _lp-aXn kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Itbm
sNøp-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Ah X\n°v {]Zm\w sNbvX ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xm-
sW∂v Xpd∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-I-bmWv At±lw. F∂n-cns°, At±-l-
Øn¬ hniz- k n- ° m- X n- c n- ° m≥ F¥p- I m- c - W - a m- W p- ≈ Xv ? kz¥w
* temI-Ønse \qdp alm-∑msc "The hundreds' F∂ {KŸ-Øn-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-
Sp-Ønb ssa°¬ F®v. lm¿´v {]Ya ÿm\w \¬In-bXv apl-ΩZv\_n-°m-sW-
t∂m¿°pI.
˛ {]km-[-I¿
 Ckvemw

tbmKy-X-I-sf-∏‰n "CsX√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv' F∂v At±lw ]d-bp-

tºmƒ "A√, CsX√mw \ns‚- X-e-bn¬\n∂v Xs∂ DZv`-hn-®-XmWv'
F∂v \msa- ¥ n\v ]d- b Ww? I]- S - ∑ m¿ A\y- c psS tbmKy- X - I ƒ
t]mepw kz¥-am-°n-Øo¿°m-\mWv {ian-°pI. F∂m¬, At±-l-am-
Is´, Xt‚-sX∂v \njv{]-bmkw hmZn-°m-hp∂ tbmKy-X-Iƒ t]mepw
kz¥-sa-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n√. {]kvXpX tbmKy-X-Iƒ At±-l-Øn∂v
e`n-°p∂ am¿K-sØ-∏‰n a‰m¿°p-a-dn-™p-IqSm. XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
Hc-am-\p-j-\m-sW∂v hmZn-®m¬ t]mepw Bsc-Xn¿°m≥? F∂n´pw
AX-t±lw ]d-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ At±-l-sØ-°mƒ henb kXy-hm≥
a‰m-cmWv?
Ct±-l-at{X, \ΩpsS t\Xmhv. k¿h-tem-I-Øn-∂p-ap≈ {]hm-N-
I-\mb apl-ΩZv apkvX^m Xncp-ta\n(k). At±-l-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I-
Xz- Ø n- \ p≈ sXfnhv At±- l - Ø ns‚ kXy- \ n- j v T - b mWv . At±- l -
Øns‚ al-XvIr-Xy-߃°pw kz`mhta∑°pw PohnX hnip-≤n°pw
Ncn{Xw km£n-bmWv. lrZ-b-ip-≤n-tbmSpw kXy-k-‘-X-tbmSpw \oXn-
t_m- [ - t ØmSpw IqSn B Ncn{Xw ]Tn- ° p∂ GXv \njv ] - £ \pw
At±lw Hcp {]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂-sb∂v kΩ-Xn°pw. At±lw temI-
k-a£w ka¿∏n® ssZh-hm-Iy-ß-fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-
B≥. Xpd∂ lrZ-b-tØmsS, t_m[-]q¿hw B {KŸw ]mcm-bWw
sNøp∂ Bcpw AXv \n w-i-b-ambpw Hcp ssZhnI {KŸ-am-sW∂v
]d-bm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\mhpw. AØ-c-samcp {KŸw cNn-°pI a\pjy
Ign-hn-∂-Xo-X-am-sW∂pw Abm-fw-Ko-I-cn-t°-≠n-hcpw.
{]hm-NI
- Xz ]cn-ka
- m]vXn˛sXfn-hp-Iƒ
C∂v Ckvem-ans\ bYm-hn[n Adn-bp-hm-\p≈ GI-am¿Kw hnip≤
Jp¿-B\pw {]hm-NI Ncy-bp-amWv. apl-ΩZv\_n apgp-h≥ a\p-jy¿°p-
ap≈ {]hm-N-I-\mWv. At±-l-tØm-Sp-IqSn {]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc ssZhw
F∂-t∂-°p-ambn Ah-km-\n-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p. ssZhw Xs‚ Zmk-∑m¿°v
\¬Im-\p-t±-in-®n-cp∂ kIe \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw A¥y {]hm-N-I≥ hgn
\¬In-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p. Cu {]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-
sØ A\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv kXym-t\z-jn-Ifpw bYm¿Y ssZh-
Zm-k∑
- m-cm-bn-cn-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂h
- c
- p-amb F√m-h¿°pw \n¿_-‘a
- mWv.
"{]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ apºv \n߃
Nne Imcy-߃ {Kln-®p-ht√m. A°m-cy-߃ apºn¬sh®v Nn¥n-®m¬
 Ckvemw

{]hm-N-I≥ Zn\w {]Xn P\n-°-bn-s√∂pw Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw F-

t∏mgpw {]hm-N-I≥am¿ htc≠ Bh-iy-an-s√∂pw a\- n-em°mw. Hcp
{]hm-N-Is‚ PohnXw At±-l-Øns‚ A[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS Pohn-°p∂
amXr-I-bm-bn-cn°pw. B A[ym-]-\-߃ \ne-\n¬°p∂ Ime-tØmfw
{]hm-N-I≥ Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂-XmWv ^ew. Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬,
apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS ap≥Km-an-I-fmb {]hm-N-I-∑m-cmcpw Pohn-®n-cn-∏n√.
Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-߃ bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ \ne-hn-en√ F∂Xp Xs∂
ImcWw. Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Ah-bpsS cq]w am‰n-°-f-™n-cn-°p-
∂p. Ah¿ sIm≠p-h∂ ssZh {KŸ-ß-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw bYm¿Y cq]-
Øn-en-∂n√. B {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p-t]mepw Aß-s\-
bp-s≠∂v hmZ-an√. kz¥w {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-N-cy-Iƒ t]mepw
Ah¿ ad∂p. ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fp-sSbpw bYm¿Yhpw hnizm-k-
tbm-Ky-hp-amb Pohn-X-Ncy Cs∂-hn-sSbpw e`y-a√. FhnsS, Ft∏mƒ
P\n®p; Fs¥ms° {]h¿Øn®p; Fßs\ Pohn®p; Fs¥√mw \n¿tZ-
in®p; Fs¥√mw \ntcm-[n®p˛CsXm∂pw Ah-sc -kw-_-‘n®v Dd-
∏n®p ]d-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv\_n C∂pw Pohn-®n-cn-
∏p≠v! Imc-Ww, At±-l-Øns‚ in£W \n¿tZi-ßfpw Pohn-X-N-
cy-Ifpw C∂pw \ne-\n-¬°p∂p. At±lw sIm≠p-h∂ hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ AXns‚ bYm¿Y A£-c-ß-tfmsS C∂p-ap≠v. AXn-semcp
am‰hpw kw`-hn-®n-´n√. {]hm-N-Is‚ hm°pw {]hr-Ønbpw Ncy-bp-
sa√mw kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p≠v. Bbn-c-Øn-ap-∂q-dn¬]cw kwh-
’-c-߃°p tijhpw \mw Xncp-ta-\nsb t\cn¬ ImWp-∂Xp t]mse,
Ah-bpsS sXfn™ Nn{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏´p InS-∏p≠v. apl-
ΩZv \ _n- b psS PohnXw tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø nb A{X kpc- £ n- X - a mbpw
kq£va-ambpw as‰mcp alm-]p-cp-j-s‚bpw PohnXw Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-
* Hcp {]hm-N-Is‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ Abm-fpsS klm-b-Øn-\mbn as‰mcp {]hm-N-
Is\ \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-sb∂ \mem-a-sXmcp cq]hpw km[y-amWv. ]t£, Rm\Xv
hn´p-I-f-bm≥ ImcWw, hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ AXn\p c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-tf-bp≈q
F∂-XmWv. klm-bn-I-fmb {]hm-N-I-∑msc \ntbm-Kn-°¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ Hcp
s]mXp \nb-a-am-sW∂v B c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-߃sIm≠v am{Xw sXfn-bp-I-bn√.-
˛{KŸ-Im-c≥
** ]pXn-sbmcp ZuXy-Øn\v Hcp \n›n-X-Imew Ign-™m¬ aXn F∂v Nne¿ ]d-
bp∂p. ]Xn-aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv Ah-X-cn® Hcp aXw A{]m-tbm-Kn-Ihpw
Ime-l-c-W-s∏-´Xpw ]pXp-bp-K-Øns‚ Bh-iy-߃ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ A{]m-]vX-
hp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂m-W-h-cpsS hmZw. XnI®pw ASn-ÿm\ cln-X-am-WnXv. Imc-W-
߃ ]dbmw:
1. Ckvem-anI in£-W-߃ imiz-X-amWv. ImcWw, `qX˛`mhn˛ h¿Ø-am-\-ß-f-dn-
bp∂ ssZh-amWv Ah Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv. `mhn-bpsS Ahy-‡-amb Ihm-S-Øn-te-
 Ckvemw

Sp-Øn-bn-´n√. Pohn-X-Ønse GXp kµ¿`-Øn\pw GXv {]iv\-Øn\pw

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂v \ap-s°mcp amXrI e`n°pw. apl-
ΩZv\_n°v tijw as‰mcp {]hm-N-I≥ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂-Xn\v Cu
sXfn-hp-Iƒ Xs∂ [mcm-f-amWv.
Hcp {]hm-N-I-∂p-tijw as‰mcp {]hm-N-Is‚ BK-a-\-Øn\v aq∂n-
semcp ImcWw D≠m-hmsX hø. H∂v: BZy {]hm-N-Is‚ A[ym-]-\-
߃ \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw Ahsb ]p\¿Po-hn-∏n-t°≠ Bh-
iyw t\cn-Sp-Ibpw sNøpI. c≠v:- BZy {]hm-N-Is‚ in£Ww A]q¿W-
am-hp-Ibpw AXn-\m¬ AXn¬ t`Z-K-Xntbm Iq´n-t®¿°tem \S-tØ-
≠-Xmbn hcn-Ibpw sNøpI. aq∂v:- BZy {]hm-N-Is‚ in£-W-߃
s°-Øn-t\m-°m≥ ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp≈ a\p-jy-Zr-jvSnt° Ign-bm-Xp≈q. ÿe-Ime ]cn-
an-Xn-Iƒ°-Xo-X-\mb ssZhw Aß-s\-b√.
2. Ckvemw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amWv. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-°m-Is´ am‰-an√. ]ucm-
WnI a\p-jys‚ AtX aqi-bn¬Ø-s∂-bmWv a\p-jy-sc√mw hm¿°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-
∂Xv. a\p-jys‚ auenI {]Ir-Xn°v am‰-an√.
3. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ imiz-Xn-I-X-bp-sSbpw am‰-Øn-s‚bpw LS-I-߃°n-S-bn¬
kpµ-c-amb Hcp kao-I-c-W-ap≠v. F√mw imiz-X-a√. F√mw am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-hp-
a√. ASn-ÿm\ {]am-W-ßfpw auen-I-aq-ey-ßfpw am‰sØ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn√.
_mly-cq-]-ß-fmWv Ime-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v amdp-∂Xv. ]cn-K-W-\o-b-amb Nne XØz-
ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ am‰n-bn-´p-≈Xpw Ah-Xs∂. imiz-Xn-IX, am‰w˛ Ch c≠n-
s‚bpw Bh-iy-߃ Ckvemw \nh¿Øn-®n-´p≠v. Ckvem-ans‚ imizX XØz-ß-
fmWv Jp¿-B-\nepw kp∂-Øn-ep-ap-≈Xv. AXXv ImesØ Bh-iy-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v
Ah {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv CPvXn-lm-Zn-eq-sS-bmWv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ auenI XØz-
߃°pw imizX aqey-߃°pw A\p-kr-X-ambn a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ imiz-X-
amb hnIm-k-Øn-∂-\p-cq-]-amb Ahn-I-e-am-sbmcp hyhÿ sI´n-∏-SpØ GI-aXw
Ckvem-at{X.
4. imkv{Xo-b-ambn t\m°n-bmepw `qan-bn¬ a\p-tjym¬]Øn DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp-
sh® AtX-bp-K-Øn-emWv a\p-jy≥ C∂pw Pohn-°p-∂Xv. a\pjy Pohn-X-Øns‚
{]kvXpX Xe-Øn¬ ]d-b-Ø° bmsXmcp am‰hpw kw`-hn-®n-´n√. \mK-cn-I-X-Iƒ
DZv`-hn-°p-Ibpw AkvX-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kwkvIm-c-߃ \msº-Sp-°p-Ibpw
Nc-a-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. km{am-Py-߃ P∑-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw Nmº-em-hp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. F¶nepw, Imew {]m]-©nI ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ al-Ømb irwJ-e-bn¬
]Xn-hn≥]Sn \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. AXn-\m¬ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv \¬I-s∏-s´mcp
\nba kwlnX Imew sN√pt¥mdpw A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn-Øocpw F∂ hmZw ASn-
ÿm-\-c-ln-Xhpw A_-≤-P-Sn-e-hp-amWv.
* \_n(k)]d-bp∂p: F\n-°p-tijw C\n-sbmcp {]hm-N-I≥ D≠m-Ip-∂X√.'' as‰m-
cn-°¬ At±lw ]d™p: ""Fs‚bpw F\n°v apºp-≈-h-cp-sSbpw D]-a-bn-XmWv:
Hcmƒ Hcp aµncw ]WnXp. AXns\ kpµ-chpw kp`-K-hp-am°n. ]t£, Hcp aqe-°-
√ns‚ ÿm\w Hgn-hm-°n-sh®p. P\-߃ AXns\ {]Z-£nWw sh°p-Ibpw
AXns‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-bn¬ AZv`pXw Iqdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¥p-sIm≠v Hcp I√p-
IqSn sh®n√ F∂-h¿ tNmZn®p. B I√v Rm\m-Ip∂p. Rm\t{X, A¥y-{]-hm-N-
I≥.'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw).-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øn\v am{X-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\m¬ a‰p

kap-Zm-b-߃°v thsd {]hm-N-I≥ Bh-iy-ambn hcn-Ibpw sNøpI.*
Cu aq∂p Imc-W-ß-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw Ct∏m-g-h-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.
H∂m-a-Xmbn, apl-Ω-Zv\_nbpsS A[ym-]-\-߃ C∂pw kpc-£n-
Xhpw kPo-hh - p-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p≠v. At±-lØ- ns‚ auenI hnizm-
k-I¿a-ß-sf-s¥m-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p; \n¿tZi-ß-sf-¥m-bn-cp∂p; At±lw
\S-∏m-°nb PohnX coXn-tbXv; \in-∏n-®-h-tbXv˛XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃
GX-hk - c
- Ø
- nepw \njv{]-bmkw a\- n-em-°p-∂X
- n\p≈ am¿K-߃ kpc-
£n-X-ambn \ne-hn-ep≠v. B \ne°v XZzn-j-b-I-ambn as‰mcp {]hm-
N-Is‚ Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-∂n√. c≠m-a-X-mbn, apl-Ω-Zv\_n aptJ\
temI-Øn\v Ckvem-ans‚ ]cn-]q¿W in£Ww \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
C\n-b-Xn¬ h√Xpw Iq´p-Itbm Ipd-bv°p-Itbm sNtø-≠-Xn√. t`Z-
K-Xnbpw Bh-iy-an√. as‰mcp {]hm-N-I≥ h∂v ]cn-l-cn-t°≠ Hcp
\yq\Xbpw AXn-∂n√. AXn-\m¬, c≠m-asØ Imc-Whpw \ne-hn-
en√.** aq∂m-a-Xmbn, Xncp-ta\n Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Ønt\m cmjv{S-
Ønt\m am{X- a √, k¿h temI- Ø n- \ p- a p≈ {]hm- N - I - \ m- b n- ´ mWv
\ntbm-Kn-X-\m-bXv. kIe a\p-jy¿°pw At±-lØns‚ in£-Ww-
Xs∂ [mcmfw aXn. AXn-\m¬, C\n Hcp kap-Zmb-Ønt\m cmPy-
Ønt\m th≠n Hcp {]hm-N-I≥ htc≠ Bhiyw Ah-ti-jn-°p-
∂n√. X∑qew aq∂m-asØ Imc-W-Øn\pw {]k-‡n-bn√.
CXp-sIm-≠mWv apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)sb hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ""JmØ-
ap-∂-_n-øo≥''F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xv. "{]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc Ah-
km-\n-∏n-®-h≥' F∂m-W-Xn-∂¿Yw.* C\n, apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-bpsS am¿Kw
kzbw ]n¥p- S - c p- I bpw temIsØ AXn- t e°v £Wn- ° p- I bpw
sNøp∂ Hcp P\-X-bm-Wm-hiyw. apl-Ω-Zv\_n sIm≠p-h∂ \nb-a-
߃ \S-∏m-°p∂ Hcp hyhÿ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn k¿h-hn[
XymK-ßfpw hcn-°m≥ k∂-≤-X-bp≈ Hcp P\X.

hnizmkImcy-߃
hnizm-k -Im-cy-ß-fn-te°v IS-°p-∂-Xn\p apºmbn Ign™ A[ym-
*Ckvem-ans‚ kmt¶-XnI `mj-bn¬"ico-AØv'.
 Ckvemw

b-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn® Imcy-߃ H∂p-IqSn ]cn-tim-[n°mw.

1. "Ckvem-ans‚ A¿Yw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ A\p-k-cWw, Iogvh-
W°w Fs∂m-s°-bmWv. ssZh-Øns‚ kØ, KpW-߃, ssZh-
am¿Kw, ]c- t emIw F∂n- h - s b- ° p- d n®v icn- b mb ⁄m\an√msX
"Ckvemw' Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hn√. Cu ⁄m\w ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-
I-∑m¿ aptJ\ am{Xta e`n°q. At∏mƒ, "Ckveman's‚ icn-bmb
\n¿h-N\w"{]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-®p-sIm≠pw {]hm-NI
amXrI ]n≥]-‰n-s°m≠pw ssZh-Zm-k-\mbn Pohn-°pI' F∂m-bn-Øo-
cp∂p. {]hm-N-Is‚ klm-b-an-√msX t\cn´v ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-
°p∂p F∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h≥ Hcn-°epw apkven-a√.
2. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw sht∆sd {]hm-N-I-
∑m¿ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p˛Htc kap-Zm-b-Øn¬Øs∂ Hcmƒ°v tijw
as‰m-cmƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬. A°m-eØv, Hmtcm kap-Zm-bsØ kw_-
‘n®pw "Ckvemw' F∂Xv AXXv kap-Zm-b-Ønse {]hm-N-I-∑m¿
Ah-cn¬ {]t_m-[\w sNbvX aX-Øns‚ t]cm-bn-cp∂p. Ckvem-ans‚
auenI XØz-߃ F√m ImeØpw F√m cmPyØpw H∂p-Xs∂
Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw \nba-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw Bcm-[-\m-am¿K-ßfpw* hn`n-
∂-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬, Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øn\v B kap-Zm-b-Øn-
te°v \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ am{Xta hniz-kn-t°-≠n-bn-
cp-∂p≈q. CXc kap-Zm-b-ß-fnse {]hm-N-I-∑msc A\p-K-an-t°≠
Bhiyap≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.
3. apl-Ω-Zv\_n, F√m a\p-jy-k-aq-l-߃°p-ap≈ {]hm-N-I-\mbn
\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw At±lw aptJ\ Ckvemw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-
Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w temI-Øn\v apgp-h-\p-ambn Htc "ico-
AØv' \¬I-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w temI-Øn\v apgp-h-
\p-ambn Htc \nb-a-hy-hÿ \¬I-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. apl-Ω-Zv\-
_n-bpsS ZuXyw Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Ønt\m Hcp {]tXyI cmPy-
Ønt\m D≈-X√. Hcp {]tXyI Ime-tØ°v am{X-hp-a√. adn®v, apgp-
h≥ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\pap≈-XmWv; F√m Ime-tØ-°p-ap-≈-XmWv.
ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ sIm-≠p-h∂ ico-A-Øp-I-sf√mw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS
BK-a-\-tØmsS Zp¿_-e-s∏´p. C\n temIm-h-km\w hsc as‰mcp
{]hm-N-I≥ hcn√. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v as‰mcp PohnX ]≤Xn Ah-
 Ckvemw

se√mw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw, At±-l-Øns‚ B⁄-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-s‚-

Xm-sW∂v kΩ-Xn®v Ahsb k¿hm-fl\m A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂-Xn-\mWv C∂v "Ckvemw' F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv. apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ \n¿_-
‘-]q¿hw hniz-kn-t°-≠tXm, hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Im^n-dm-bn-t∏m-
Ip-sa∂v `b-t°-≠tXm Bb Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw C\n hcm-\n√.
C{Xbpw Imcy-ß-fmWv ap≥ A[ym-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®Xv. C\n,
apl-Ω-Zv\_n hniz-kn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏´ Imcy-ß-sf-s¥∂pw Ah F{X-
am{Xw bp‡n`{Z-am-sW∂pw At\z-jn°mw.
ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw
apl-Ω-Zv\_nbpsS {]Y-ahpw auen-I-hp-amb A[ym-]\w "emC-
eml C√-√mlp' F∂-Xs{X. A√m-lp-h-√msX thsd Hcn-em-lp-an√
F∂mWo hmIy-Øn-\¿Yw. Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\-amWo hmIyw.
Hcp apkv e n- a ns\ Ahn- i zm- k n- b n¬\n∂pw _lp- s sZh hnizm- k n-
bn¬\n∂pw \mkvXn-I-\n¬\n∂pw th¿Xn-cn-®p-\n¿Øp-∂Xv Cu hmIy-
amWv. Cu hmIyw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-hcpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-hcpw XΩn¬
`oa-amb hyXymkw D≠m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. AXv kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-h¿ Hcp
hn`m-Khpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h¿ as‰mcp hn`m-Khpambn-am-dp∂p. AXv
kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v Cl˛]c-tem-I-ß-fn¬ hnP-bhpw tam£-hp-ap≠v.
Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°m-Is´ ]cm-P-bhpw lo\-Xzhpw am{Xhpw.
a\p- j y¿°n- S - b n¬ kwPm- X - a m- I p∂ Cu h≥ A¥cw "emw',
"Aen^v', "lm' F∂o A£-c-߃ IqSn-t®¿∂ Hcp ]Zw D®-cn-°p-
∂-Xns‚ am{Xw ^e-a√. "Iz\o≥' F∂ ]Zw e£w XhW Dcp-hn-
A·n-bpsS {]Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn® hnizm-kw ASp-∏n¬ ssIbn-Sp-∂-
hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw
BZy-ambn "Cemlv' F∂ ]Zw FSp-°pI. "C_m-Z-Øn-∂¿l-\m-
b-h≥' F∂m-W-Xn-∂¿Yw. k¿thm-]-cn-bmb {]Xm] i‡n-bp-sS-bpw
Hu∂-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw A\p-
k-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw ASn-a-hrØn sNø-s∏-Sp-hm\pw `b-`‡n _lp-
am- \ - ß - t fmsS inc-   p- I ƒ Ip\n- ° - s ∏- S p- h m\pw A¿l- X - b p- ≈ - h ≥
F∂v kmcw. a\p-jy-_p-≤nsb Aº-c-∏n-°-Ø-°-hn[w hn]p-e-amb
i‡namlm- fl y- a p- ≈ - h ≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw "Cemlv ' F∂ ]Zw
Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. temI-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°fpw B{i-bn-°p-∂-
 Ckvemw

h\pw kI-ecpw klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-∂-h\pw AtXm-sSm∏w Bcp-sSbpw

B{ibw Bh- i y- a n- √ m- Ø - h \pw Bb i‡n F∂ Bi- b hpw
"Cemln'eS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. AZr-iy≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw AXn-e-¥¿`-hn®p
InS-°p∂p. a\p-tjy-{µn-b-߃°v ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w Ign-hp-
Iƒ tKm]y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-s\bpw "Cemlv' F∂p ]dbpw. t]¿jy\n¬
"JpZm' F∂pw lnµn-bn¬ "tZhX' F∂pw Cw•o-jn¬ "tKmUv'F∂pw
]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yhpw GXm≠v CXp Xs∂. temI-Ønse CXc
-`m-j-I-fnepw Cu Bibw [z\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ {]tXyIw hm°p-I-fp≠v.*
"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw GIssZh-Øn-\p≈ {]tXyI \ma-amWv.
At∏mƒ "em Ceml C√- √ mlp' F∂ hmIy- Ø ns‚ A¿Yw
A√mlp F∂ t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb GI-ssZ-h-sam-gn®v thsdmcp "Cem-
ln√' F∂mbn. AXm-bXv, ]qP-°¿l-\mbn A√m-lp-h-√msX a‰m-
cp-an√. Bcm-[\, ASn-a-hrØn, A\p-k-cWw F∂o cq]-Ønepw Xe-
Ip-\n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ A¿l-\mbn Ah-\-√msX a‰m-cp-an√; DS-a-ÿ\pw
hn[n-I¿Ømhpw Ah≥ am{X-amWv; kIe hkvXp-°fpw Ahs‚
B{in-X-cmWv. kI-ecpw Ah-t\mSv am{Xw klm-b-a¿Yn-°m≥ \n¿_-
‘n- X - c mWv . Ah≥ AZr- i y- \ mWv . - CsXm- s °- b m- W - X p- s Im- ≠ p≈
hnh£.
C\n AXns‚ s]mcp-sf-¥m-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]pcm-X\ Ncn-
{Xhpw ]ucm-WnI P\-X-Xn-I-fpsS kvamcI Nn”-ßfpw \sΩ ]Tn-
∏n-°p∂ Hcp hkvXp-X-bp≠v: a\p-jy≥ F°m-eØpw ssZh-Øn¬
hniz-kn®v AXns\ Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-WXv. C∂v Pohn-°p∂
]cn-jvIr-Xcpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-cp-amb kap-Zm-b-ß-sfm-s°bpw GtXm
coXn-bn¬ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-h-cp-amWv.
CXv ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥ a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \neo-\-amb
H∂m-sW∂v hy‡-am-°p∂p. Hcp i‡nsb ssZh-ambn kzoI-cn®v
AXns\ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ Hcp t{]cI i‡n a\p-
jy-\n¬ {]IrXym Xs∂-bp≠v. F¥mWv Cu t{]c-I-i‡n? kz¥w
Akv X n- X z- s Øbpw a‰p a\p- j y- c psS ]cn- X x- ÿ n- X n- I - s fbpw
kkq£vaw ]Tn-®m¬ B tNmZy-Øn-∂p-Øcw ImWmw.

* DZm-l-c-W-ambn {Ko°v `mj-bn¬ s F∂pw em‰n-\n¬ F∂pw tKmØn-

°n¬ u F∂pw P¿a\n¬ F∂pw BWv ]d-bpI(F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb
{_n´m-\n°, hmfyw 10, t]Pv 46, Nn°mtKm˛1056)
 Ckvemw

a\p-jy≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Hc-Sn-a-bm-bn-´mWv P\n-°p-∂Xv. Ah≥

a¿Yn-°p-hm≥ Ahs\ D’p-I-\m-°p∂p. X\n°v \mi-\-jvS-ta-¬]n-
°p∂ i‡n-I-sf-°p-dn® Adnhv Ah-bpsS tIm]-Øn¬\n∂v c£
{]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-߃ tXSm≥ Ahs\ DZyp-‡-\m-°p∂p.
a\p-jy≥ A⁄-X-bpsS Xmtg ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ i‡nbpw
{]Xm-]-hp-ap-≈-Xmtbm KpW-tZm-j-߃ sNøm≥ {]m]vXn-bp-≈-Xmtbm
Ah∂v tXm∂p∂ hkvXp-°sf ssZh-sa∂v [cn-°p∂p. Aßs\,
{]m]-©nI {]Xn-`m-k-ß-fn¬ an°-Xn-s\bpw Ah≥ ]qPn-°p-Ibpw
Bcm- [ n- ° p- I bpw sNøp∂p. F∂m¬, ⁄m\- a m- I p∂ {]Imiw
hym]n®p XpS-ßp-∂-tXmsS Ah-sb√mw Xs∂-t∏mse Ai-‡cpw
B{in-Xcpw ASn-a-I-fp-am-sW-∂-h≥ a\- n-em-°p∂p. F{X `oIc
P¥phpw Hcp sImXp-In-s\-t∏mse NØp-t]m-Ip∂p. Hcn-°¬ Iqew
IpØn-sbm-gp-Ip∂ h≥ \Zn-Iƒ t]mepw as‰m-cn-°¬ h‰n hc≠p
t]mIp∂p. ]¿h-X-ßsf a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ CSn®v \nc-Øp∂p. hr£-
e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ apf-∏n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv `qan-bpsS kz¥w A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-
bn¬ s]´-X√. Pe-Øns‚ kl-I-c-W-an-s√-¶n¬ `qan \n -lm-b-
bmWv. sh≈-Øn-∂p-an√ tkz—m-[n-Imcw. AXv Im‰ns\ B{i-bn-
°p∂p. Im‰n\pw kzm[n--Im-c-an√. AXp-≠m-hp-∂Xpw C√m-Xm-hp-∂Xpw
a‰p Nne-Xns\ B{i-bn-®mWv. kqcy˛N{µ˛\£-{XmZn tKmf-ßfpw
Nne \nb-a-߃°v hnt[-b-amWv. B \nb-a-߃s°-Xn-cmbn H∂-\-
ßm≥ t]mepw Ah-bv°m-hn√. Cßs\ Nn¥n-°p∂ a\p-jya\ v
AZr-iyhpw cl-ky-hp-amb i‡n-I-fn-te°v \oßn-Øp-S-ßp∂p. Cu
{]Xn- ` m- k - ß ƒ°p ]n∂n¬ Nne AZriy i‡n- I ƒ Hfn™pInS-
∏ps≠∂pw Ah-bm-Wn-sX√mw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-sX∂pw Ah¿ Icp-Xn-
GI ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hn`m-h-\-bn¬ ]ns∂bpw A⁄-X-Iƒ
kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-cn°pw. Nne¿ ssZh-Øn-s\mcp ÿqe-i-cocw
k¶-¬]n°pw. Ah-s∂m-cn-cn-∏n-Shpw. AXn-en-cp-∂v A-h≥ `cn-°p-I-
bmWv! a‰p Nne¿ ssZh-Øn\v `mcym k¥m-\-ßsf I¬]n-°p∂p.
ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xmb Hcp k¥m-\ ]c-º-cbpw. ssZhw a\p-jy-cq-]-Øn¬
CS-°nsS `qan-bn-en-d-ßn-h-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv a‰p Nne-cpsS k¶¬]w. {]]-
©- a m- I p∂ Cu hyh- k m- b - i me \S- Ø n- h n´v ssZhw Fhn- s Stbm
hn{iaw sIm≈p-I-bm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-ap≠v. C\nbpw Nne¿,
]pWy-hm-f-∑m-cp-sSbpw alm-flm-°-fp-sSbpw ip]m¿ibpw a[y-ÿ-hp-
an-√msX ssZh-km-ao]yw km[y-a-s√∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂p. a‰p Nne¿
 Ckvemw

ssZh-Øn\v Xß-fpsS k¶-¬]-Øn-ep≈ Hcp cq]w \¬In AXns\

{]Xn- j v T - b m°n ]qPn- ° p∂p. Cß- s \- s b- s ¥√mw A⁄- X - I ƒ!
^etam, Ah¿ ]ns∂bpw _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw Ahn-izm-k-
Ønepw Xs∂ IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°p∂p.
""em Ceml C√√m''bpsS ]Zhn k¿thm¬Ir-jvS-amWv. ssZhw
F√m ImeØpw kz¥w {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°p \¬Inb bYm¿Y ⁄m\-
am-WnXv. CtX ⁄m\hpwsIm≠mWv BZn-]n-Xm-hmb BZw BK-X-
\m-bXv. CtX ⁄m\-amWv C_vdmlow, aqkm, Cukm XpS-ßnb
{]hm- N - I - ∑ m¿°v \¬I- s ∏- ´ n- c p- ∂ Xv . CtX ⁄m\- Ø ns‚ shfn-
®hpwsIm≠mWv HSp-hn¬ apl-ΩZv\_nbpw BK-X-\m-bXv. CXv X\n-
a-bm¿∂ ⁄m\-amWv˛ A⁄-X-bpsS Ie¿∏n-√mØ ⁄m\w. {]hm-
N-I-∑m¿°v \¬I-s∏´ Cu ⁄m\-Øn¬\n∂pw apJw Xncn®pIf-
™-XmWv P\-߃ _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw hn{Kl ]qP-bnepw
Ahn-izm-k-Ønepw AI-s∏´p t]mb-Xns‚ tlXp. Cu sNdp-hm-Iy-
Øn¬ F{X henb bmYm¿Yy-am-W-¥¿`-hn-®n-´p-≈-sX∂v t\m°pI:
1. ZnhyXz hn`m-h\:- AXn-hn-im-e-amb Cu {_lvam-fi-I-Sm-l-
Øns‚ DZv ` h˛]cn- W m- a - ß - s f- ° p- d n®p Nn¥n- ° p- t ºmƒ \ΩpsS
akvXnjv°w Xf¿∂pt]mIp∂p. Cu {]]©w \ap-°-⁄m-X-amb
Imew apX¬ Nen-®p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-´p≠v. \ap-°-⁄m-X-am-b -Imew hsc
Nen®psIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. CXn¬ A‰-an-√mØ krjvSn-Iƒ
P\n-°p∂p. A\p-\n-anjw \S∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ AZv`p-X-߃ a\p-
jy-_p-≤nsb kw{`-an-∏n-°p∂p. Aß-s\-bp≈ Cu {]]-©-Øn¬
ssZh-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-h∂v Nne KpW-hn-ti-j-߃ IqSntb Xocq: Ah≥
km[y-a√. Ah-sbm∂pw ssZh-a√. ImcWw, Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ IWnI
t]m-epw H∂n-ep-an√. Ahbv°v Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ ]¶p-an√. CXmWv ]cn-
ip≤ hmIy-Ønse BZy-`m-K-amb ""emC-eml''(Hcp ssZh-hp-an√)
F∂Xp sIm≠p≈ hnh£.
4. Ct∏mƒ, {]]-©-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°-fn¬\n∂pw Znhy-
XzsØ \nt»jw FSp-Øp-I-f™p. C\n \mw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠Xv F√m-
‰n\p-ap-]cn Hcm-kvXn-Iy-ap-s≠∂pw Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ KpW-ßfpw
Ah-\n¬ am{Xw ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ah-s\m-gnsI thsd Hcp
ssZh-hp-an-s√∂pw BWv. CXmWv""C√-√mlp''hne-S-ßnb Bibw.
CXt{X G‰hpw henb ⁄m\w. Kth-j-W-\n-co-£-W-߃ Gsd-
 Ckvemw

tbsd \S-Øp-t¥mdpw ⁄m\-Øns‚ BZy-_n-µphpw A¥y-_n-µphpw

""C√- √ mlp''F∂ kXyw am{X- a m- s W∂v \ap°v t_m[y- a mhpw.
{]]© bmYm¿Yy-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-∂p≈ imkv{X-hn-⁄m-
\o-b-ß-fnse GXp imJ-bn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øn-bmepw˛AXv {]Ir-
Xn-im-kv{Xtam, ck-X-{¥tam tPymXn-x im-kv{Xtam, `qan-im-kv{Xtam,
Poh- i m- k v { Xtam BIs´˛Kth- j Ww ]ptcm- K - a n- ° p- t ¥mdpw, ""em
Ceml C√-√mlp''hns‚ kXym-hÿ kqcy-{]-Imiw t]mse sX-
fn™p ImWp-Ibpw AXn-ep≈ hnizmkw IqSp-X¬ ZrV-am-hp-Ibpw
sNøpw. am{X-a√, Cu kXyw \ntj-[n®p Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂, {]]-
©-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°fpw A¿Y-iq-\yhpw {]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-hp-
am-sW∂v imkv{Xob Kth-j-W-Ønse Hmtcm Im¬-sh-∏nepw t_m[y-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw.
GIssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ ^e-߃
""em Ceml C√√m''AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂Xp aqew Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-
bn-Øo-cp∂ kZv^-e-ß-tfh? AXv \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ a\p-jy≥
Cl-tem-IØpw ]c-tem-IØpw A[-a\pw ]cm-Pn-X-\p-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-
sX-¥p-sIm≠v?
1. hnip-≤ -hmIyw a\p-jys\ hnim-e-a-\-kvI-\m-°p∂p. ImcWw,
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {kjvSmhpw k¿h-tem-I-ß-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ\pw ]cn-
]m-e-I\pamb Hcp ssZh-Øn-em-W-h≥ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu hnizm-
k-Øn\v tijw {]]-©-Øn-ep≈ bmsXm∂pw Ah∂v A\y-ambn
tXm∂p-I-bn√. Xs‚bpw as‰√m hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw c£n-Xmhv Hcm-fm-
sW∂pw Xß-sf-sb√mw Htc bP-am-\s‚ Zmk-∑mcpw Htc cmPm-
hnP-b-Øn\v Ah-b-√msX a‰p t]mwhgn-I-fn-s√∂v Abmƒ a\- n-
em-°p∂p. ImcWw, Xm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZhw Bcp-sSbpw B{ibw
Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv; BtcmSpw {]tXyI _‘-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv;
\njv]-£\pw \nkzm¿Yn-bp-amWv; \oXn-am-\mWv. ]c-a-i-‡-\mWv. Znhy-
Xz-Øn¬ a‰m¿°pw Hcp ]¶pw A\p-h-Zn-°m-Ø-h-\mWv. AXn-\m¬,
Bfl-ip-≤nbpw k¬°¿a-hp-a-√msX, Xs‚ c£°pw hnP-b-Øn\pw
a‰p hgn-I-fn√. F∂m¬, _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw Ahn-izm-kn-
I- s fbpw hymP- { ]- X o- £ - I fpw hymtam- l - ß - f p- a mWv \bn- ° p- ∂ Xv .
ssZh-]p-{X-∑m¿ X߃-°mbn kzbw _en-b¿∏n-°p-sa-∂mWv Nne-
cpsS hnizmkw. a‰p Nne¿, X߃ ssZh-Øns‚ {]nb-s∏-´-hcpw
 Ckvemw

ASpØ _‘p- ° - f p- a m- s W∂v Icp- X p∂p. AXn- \ m¬, Hcn- ° epw

ssZhw Xßsf in£n-°p-I-bn√. alm-flm-°ƒ X߃°p th≠n
ssZh-tØmSv ip]m¿i sNøp-sa-∂mWv thsd Nne-cpsS hnizmkw.
tZh-X-Iƒ°v Nne hgn-]m-Sp-Iƒ sImSp-Øm¬ ]ns∂ F¥pw {]h¿Øn-
°p-hm-\p≈ ssek≥kmbn F∂mWv thsd Nne-cpsS [mcW. ]m]-
ß-fnepw ZpjvI¿a-ß-fnepw AI-s∏-SpI am{X-amWv CØcw hymP-
hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS ^ew. Ah Bfl-ip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬\n∂pw k¬-
°¿a-ß-fn¬\n∂pw {i≤ Xncn-®p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. \mkvXn-I-cm-Is´,
kz¥w ZpjvIr-Xy-ßsf tNmZyw sNøp∂ Hcm-kvXn-Iy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-
°p-t∂-bn√. X∂n-anØw k¿h-X-{¥-kz-X-{¥-cmWv Xßsf∂-h¿ Icp-
Xp∂p. tZtl-—-I-fm-W-h-cpsS ssZh-߃. Ah¿ Ah-bpsS Zmk-∑mcpw.
5. hnip≤ hmIyw a\p-jy∂v Bibpw {]Xo-£bpw \¬Ip∂p. \ncm-
i Ahs\ _m[n-°p-Itb C√. ImcWw, {]]-©-Ønse k¿h-`-fim-c-
ß-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ-\mWv Ah≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZhw. Ah≥ k¿h-
⁄\pw HuZm-cy-hm\pw k¿h-i-‡-\p-amWv. Cu hnizmkw Ah∂v
Akm-[m-c-W-amb a\x-im-¥nbpw kwXr-]vXnbpw {]Zm\w sNøp∂p. Ah-
s‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ kZm {]Xym-i-Ifpw {]Xo-£-Ifpw \nd-™n-cn°pw.
kIe Ihm-S-ßfpw sIm´n-b-S-bv-°-s∏-´mepw PohnX am¿K-߃ Hs∂m-
∂mbn \jvS-s∏-´mepw ssZhw Xs∂ ssIsbm-gn-°n√. ssZh-Øns‚
HuZm-cy-Ønepw i‡n-bnepw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v ]pXnb {]Xo-£-
I-tfmsS, {]Xym-i-I-tfmsS Abmƒ A[zm-\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw. Cu
a\x-im¥n {]Zm\w sNøp-hm≥ ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øn-∂√msX km[y-
a√. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-Is´ Akz-ÿ-Nn-Ø-cm-bn-cn°pw. Ah¿ icWw
{]m]n-°p-∂Xv _e-lo-\-amb AkvXn-Xz-ß-fn-emWv. X∑qew B]-8.
Xm¬]cyw. Cu hnizmkw F{X-I≠v CuSp-‰-Xm-Ip-∂pthm A{X-
I≠v a\p-jy≥ ssZh-im-k-\-I-f-\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bthiw sIm≈p-
∂- X mWv . ssZhw \ntcm- [ n® kwK- X n- I - t fmSv ASp- ° m≥ t]mepw
Abmƒ ss[cy-s∏-Sp-I-bn√. \nim-‘-Im-c-Øns‚ GIm-¥-Xbnepw
Ah≥ ssZhnI imk-\-Iƒ \n¿hnLv\w \n¿h-ln°pw. ImcWw,
Hcp \nanjw t]mepw hn´pt]mImØ Hcp Xcw cl-ky-t∏m-eo-kp-Im-
cp≠v, Abm-tfm-sSm∏w. Hcp \oXn-\ym-b-t°m-S-Xn-sb-°p-dn® `oXn kZm
Abmsf Ae-´n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. B tImS-Xn-bpsS "hmd≠n'¬\n∂v
HmSn c£- s ∏- S pI Akm- [ y- a m- s W- ∂ - b mƒ°- d nbmw. C°m- c Ww
 Ckvemw

sIm≠mWv apkvenw BIp-hm-\p≈ H∂m-asØ \n_-‘\ ]cn-ip-≤-

hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-amWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv. "apkven'ans‚ A¿Yw
ssZh-tØmSv ]q¿W-ambpw A\p-k-c-W-ap≈ ASna F∂mWv. GI-
ssZ-h-a-√msX as‰m-cm-cm-[y-\p-an√ F∂v ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°mØ
Ime-tØmfw Ah∂v ssZh-tØmSv A\p-k-c-W-ap-≈-h-\m-bn-Øo-cpI
km[y-a-√t√m.
apl- Ω Zv \ _n(k)bpsS A[ym- ] - \ - ß - f n¬ Cu GI- s sZh
hnizmkw G‰hpw {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂Xpw auen-I-hp-amWv. Ckvem-
ans‚ tI{µ-_n-µphpw A®p-X-≠p-am-WXv. AXns‚ F√m i‡n-I-fp-
sSbpw Dd-hn-S-hp-a-XmWv. AXns‚ BZ¿i hnizm-k-ßfpw \nb-a-im-
k-\-Ifpw ]Sp-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv B hnizm-k-Øn-t∑-emWv. AtX
A®p-X-≠n-t∑-emWv Ah-sb√mw Id-ßp-∂Xv. AtX tI{µ-_n-µp-
hn¬\n∂mWv AXn\v i‡n e`n-°p-∂Xv. AXns\ X´n-\o-°n-bm¬
]ns∂ ""Ckvemw'' F∂ H∂n√.
ae-°p-If
- n-ep≈ hnizmkw
GIssZh hnizm-k-Øn\p tijw apl-ΩZv\_n hniz-kn-°p-hm-
\m- ⁄ m- ] n® c≠m- a sØ Imcyw ae- ° p- I - f n- e p≈ hnizm- k - a mWv .
_lp- s sZhhnizm- k - Ø ns‚ Ie¿∏n¬\n∂v GI- s sZ- h - h n- i zmkw
kwip-≤-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa-∂-Xm-Wn-Xns‚ {][m-\-^ew.
c≠p-Xcw krjvSn-I-sf-bmWv _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Znhy-Xz-
Øn¬ ]¶p-tN¿Øn-´p-≈Xv. H∂v: ÿqe ico-c-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb krjvSn-
Iƒ˛ kqcy≥, N{µ≥, \£-{X-߃, A·n, sh≈w, a\p-jy≥ apX-
em-bh. c≠v: PUm-kvXn-Xz-an-√mØ AZr-iy-i-‡n-Iƒ˛Im‰-Sn-∏n-°p-
∂h, ag s]øn-°p-∂h, {]Imiw \¬Ip-∂h XpS-ßn-bh. BZy-hn-
`m-K-Øn¬s∏-´h Zriy-h-kvXp-°-fm-b-Xn-\m¬, Ah-bpsS ZnhyXzw ]cn-
ip≤ hmIyw-sIm≠v Xs∂- XnckvI-cn°mw. c≠m-asØ hn`m-K-Øn¬
s]´h AZr- i ym- k v X n- X z- ß - f mWv . AØcw Akv X n- X z- ß - s f- b mWv
_lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ an°-hmdpw ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-´p-≈Xv. Ah-sb-°p-
dn-®mWv Ah¿ ssZh-ß-sf∂pw tZh-X-I-sf∂pw ssZh-k-¥m-\-ß-
sf∂pw [cn®phim- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ Xpw. Ah- b psS k¶¬]- c q- ] - ß - f p-
≠m°n Ah¿ ]qP-Ifpw hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw \S-Øp∂p. X∂n-anØw _lp-
ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Cu c≠mw C\-Øn¬ \n∂pw GI-ssZ-h-kn-
 Ckvemw

≤m-¥sØ ]cn-c-£n-°p-hm≥ hnizm-k-]-c-amb Hcp {]tXyI kwKXn

\n¿tZ-in-®n-cn-°-bmWv.
Cu hnj-b-I-ambn apl-ΩZv\_nbpsS A[ym-]\w C{]-Im-c-amWv:
tZh-X-Ifpw ssZ-h-ßfpw ssZh-k-¥m-\-ß-fp-ambn sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂
Cu AZriy {]Xn-`m-k-߃ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ae-°p-I-fmWv.
Ah¿°v Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp ]¶p-an√. Ah-sc√mw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-
\p-h¿Øn-Iƒ am{X-amWv. ssZh-im-k-\-I-fn¬\n∂v A¬]w t]mepw
hyXn-N-en-°pI Ah¿°v km[y-a√. Ah¿ aptJ-\-bmWv ssZhw {]]-
©-am-Ip∂ Xs‚ km{amPyw `cn-°p-∂Xv. Ah-cm-Is´ ssZh-im-k-\-Iƒ
k\n-jvI¿jw \nd-th-‰p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. kzbw h√Xpw sNøp-hm-\-h¿
i‡-c√. kz¥w i‡n-{]-tbm-Kn®v ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ h√Xpw Bh-
iy-s∏-Sm\pw Ah¿°v Ign-bn√. h√-h¿°pwth≠n ssZh-tØmSv ip]m¿i-
sN-øm-\p-am-hn√. a\p-jy¿ Ahsc Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw Ah-tcmSv klm-
b-a¿Yn-°p-∂Xpw F{Xbpw e÷m-h-l-amWv. ImcWw, BZy-L-´-Øn¬
Øs∂ ssZhw Ah-sc-s°m≠v a\p-jy-]n-Xm-hmb BZ-ans‚ apºn¬
kmjvSmwKw \an-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. Ah¿°v \¬ImØ ⁄m\w BZ-
an\v \¬In. `qan-bnse {]mXn-\n[yw BZ-an\v \¬In. F∂n-cns°, ae-
°p-Iƒ apºv BcpsS apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw \an-®pthm B a\p-jy≥
C∂v Ah-cpsS apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw \an-°p-Ibpw `b-`-‡n-tbmsS Ah-
tcmSv ssI\o-´n-bn-c°
- p-Ib
- p-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬ ]cw lo\Xzw as‰-¥p≠v?
Hcp hiØv ae-°p-Isf Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw Ahsc Znhy-Xz-Øn¬
]¶m-fn-I-fm-°p-∂Xpw XS-bp-tºmƒ adp-h-iØv apl-ΩZv \_n C{]-
Imcw Adn-bn-°p∂p: ae-°p-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ {]tXyI krjvSn-I-
Ifpw ImWmw.
1. ap≥{K- Ÿ - ß - f n¬ an°- X n- s ‚bpw bYm¿Y {]Xn- I ƒ
\in®pt]mbn-cn-°p∂p. ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ am{X-amWv C∂v Ah-ti-jn-°p-
∂Xv. F∂m¬, ]cn-ip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ AX-h-X-cn® AtX `mj-bnepw
]Z- ß - f n- e p- a mbn X\n- a - t bmsS C∂pw temIØv ÿnXn- s N- ø p∂p.
AXn¬ Hc-£-c-Øn∂p t]mepw Hcp am‰hpw kw`-hn-®n-´n√.
2. ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-߃s°m∏w P\-߃ kz¥w
hmIy-ßfpw Iq´n-t®¿Øp. Htc {KŸ-Øn¬Xs∂, ssZh-hm-Iy-ßfpw
P\-X-bpsS Ncn-{Xhpw ]q¿hn-I-cpsS IY-Ifpw ]fin-X-cpsS hymJym-
 Ckvemw

\- ß fpw I¿a- i m- k v { X- \ n- b - a - ß - f p- s a√mw IqSn- ° p- g ™p InS- ° p- I -

bmWv. Ah-bn¬\n∂v ssZh hmIy-߃ th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°pI Hcp
\ne°pw km[y-a√. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-ßtf
D≈q. A\y- h m- ° p- I - f psS Ie¿∏v t]mepw AXn- e n√. Jp¿- B ≥
hymJym\w, \_n-h-N-\-߃, I¿a-im-kv{X-\n-b-a-߃, \_n-N-cn{Xw,
A\p-N-c-∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-Ncy, apkvenw Ncn{Xw F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn-
ep≈ cN-\-I-sf√mw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw {KŸ-ß-fn-emWv. Ah-bn-
ep≈ Hcp hm°p-t]mepw Jp¿-B-\p-ambn Ie¿∂pt]mIp∂ {]iv\-
an√.
3. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS ]°-en∂v ImWp∂ aX-{K-Ÿ-߃
Nne {]hm-N-I-∑m-tcmSv tN¿Øp]d-bp-∂p≠v. F∂m¬, B {]hm-N-
I≥ Xs∂-bm-WXv sIm≠p-h-∂-sX∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ ]‰p∂ Ncn{X]c-
amb tcJ-I-sfm∂pw e`y-a√. Nne aX-{K-Ÿ-߃ GXv ImeØv, GXv
{]hm-N-I-∂-h-X-cn®p F∂p-t]mepw ]d-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, hnip-
≤-Jp¿-Bs\ apl-ΩZv\_n-tbmSv _‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bcpw kwi-
bn-°p-∂n√. AXn-∂p≈ Ncn-{X-km-£y-߃ A{Xbpw i‡hpw A\n-
tj-[y-hp-amWv. Jp¿-B-\nse Hmtcm hmIyhpw Ft∏mƒ FhnsS Ah-
X-cn®p F∂p-t]mepw \njv{]-bmkw Adn-bm≥ Ignbpw.
4. ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-f-h-X-cn® `mj-Iƒ hf-sc-°m-e-ambn arX-`m-j-I-
fm-bn-°n-S-°p∂p. Ah-bn∂v Bcp-sSbpw kwkm-c-`m-j-b√. Ah {Kln-
°p-∂-h¿ t]mepw hncfw. AØcw `mj-I-fn-ep≈ {KŸ-߃ C∂v
km£m¬ cq]-Øn-ep-≠m-bm¬ Xs∂, Ah-bnse Bibw {Kln®v AX-
\p-[m-h\w sNøpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, Jp¿-Bs‚ `mj C∂pw Hcp
Poh¬`m-j-bmWv. tImSn-°-W-°n-\m-fp-I-fpsS amXr-`m-j-bp-am-WXv.
IqSmsX, At\-I-tImSn A\y-`m-j-°m¿ B `mj ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Bib
hn\n-abw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. temI-Øns‚ \m\m `mKØpw AXv
A`y-kn-∏n®v hcp∂p. \njv{]-bmkw ]Tn-°m-hp∂ `mj-bm-WXv. h√-
h¿°pw ]Tn-°m-\-h-kcw e`n-®-ns√¶n¬Øs∂, Jp¿-Bs‚ Bibw
{Kln® [mcmfw Bfp-Isf Fhn-sSbpw In´pw.
5. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS aX-{K-Ÿ-ß-sf√mw Hcp {]tXyI P\-k-
aq-l-sØ-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂Xv. Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L-´-
Øns‚ Bh-iy-߃ \n¿h-ln-°p-I-bm-Wh sNbvXXv. Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb
hn[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ C∂sØ Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ A{]-k-‡-ß-fmWv; A{]m-tbm-
 Ckvemw

Kn-Ihpw. CXn¬\n∂v, B {KŸ-߃ Hcp {]tXyI kml-N-cy-Øn\pw

\n›nX Ime-L-´-Øn\pw am{Xw D≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p {Kln°mw.
F∂m¬ hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\m-Is´, a\p-jy-s\-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\
sNøp-∂Xv. Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-bsØ am{Xw Dt±-in-®p-≈-XmWv Jp¿-
B≥ F∂v tXm∂n-°p∂ Hcp hm°p-t]mepw AXn¬ ImWp-I-bn√.
AXns‚ imk-\-Iƒ GXv ÿeØpw GXv ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bnepw {]mtbm-
Kn-I-hp-amWv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ apgp-h≥ temI-Øn-∂p-ap≈ imizX
{KŸ-amWv F∂v CXv hy‡-am-°p∂p.
6. ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-se√mw [m¿an-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb Nne
D]-tZ-i-߃ AS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. km∑m¿KnI XØz-ß-fp≠v. ssZh-ln-
X- Ø n- s \mØv PohnXw \bn- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ p≈ am¿K- \ n¿tZi- a p≠v .
F∂m¬, Ah-bn-sem∂pw apgp-h≥ Imcy-ßfpw H∂mbn kam-l-cn-°-
s∏-´n-´n√. Cu khn-ti-jX hnip≤ Jp¿-B-∂p-am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-
XmWv. CXc {KŸ-ß-fn¬ sht∆sd InS-∂n-cp∂ hninjvS KpW-ß-
sf√mw Jp¿-B-\n¬ H∂mbn tiJ-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. ap≥{K-Ÿ-߃
hn´p-I-f-™-hbpw Jp¿-B-\n-ep≠v.
7. ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-se√mw a\p-jy-cpsS CS-s]-S¬ aqew kXy-hn-cp-
≤hpw bp‡n-lo-\-hp-amb Imcy-߃ IS-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]e Bi-
b-ßfpw A{I-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw BWv. BZ¿i˛hnizmk˛ I¿a-ßsf
Zpjn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bp-ap≠v. Nne {KŸ-ß-fn¬ tæ—hpw kt`y-X-c-hp-amb
kwK-Xn-Iƒ t]mepw ImWmw. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ AØcw amen-
* ss\cmiyw Df-hm-°p∂ AXn-Zm-cp-W-amb Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v Htc-I-tZi Nn{Xw
e`n-°m≥ an. tImfn≥ hn¬k≥ cNn®î 'THE OUTSIDE' F∂ IrXn t\m°pI.
C∆n-jb-Øn¬ s{]m. tPmUns‚ A\p-`hë k -- m-£yhpw {it≤-b-amWv. ]m›m-Xy-sc-
°p-dn®v At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Ncn-{X-Øn¬ BZy-ambn kv{Xo ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS Hcp
]pXnb Xe-apd cwK-{]-thiw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿°v aX-an√; aX-Øns‚ Bh-
iy-hp-an√. aXsØ Xo¿Øpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ kwXr-]vX-cm-W-h¿. X∂n-anØw
Ah¿°v a\x-ka - m-[m\w \jvSs
- ∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿°n-Sb - n¬ Bfl-lX- y-bpsS A\p-
]mXw Akm-[m-cWamw hn[w h¿[n-®n-cn-°-bmWv. (THE PRESENT AND FUTURE
OF RELIGION)
Ckvem-anI temIsØ ÿnXn-b-dn-bm≥ Ckvem-an-t\mSv A{X-sbm∂pw aa-X-bn-√mØ
Hc-apkvenw Ncn-{X-Im-cs‚ A`n-{]m-b-߃ Xs∂-sb-Sp°mw:î ""k¿hm-Xn-im-bn-bmb
Hcp i‡n-bpsS A¥na Xo¿∏n-ep≈ D¬°-S-amb hnizm-k-apƒs°m-≈p∂ hn´p-
ho-gvN-bn-√mØ GI-ssZ-h-hm-Z-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ k¿h-i-‡n°pw \nZm-\-am-bn-´p-
≈Xv. A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°-]-cn-Nn-X-amb A¿∏W at\m`m-hhpw a\- w-Xr-]vXnbpw
Ckvem-ans‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p. apkvenw \mSp-I-fn¬ Bfl-lXy
hfsc hnc-f-amWv. ( PHILIP. K. HITTY, HISTORY OF ARABS, 1951, P. 129) -
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

\y-ß-fn¬ \ns∂√mw ]cn-ip-≤-amWv. Ak-Xytam bp‡n-hn-cp-≤tam

Bb bmsXm∂pw AXn-en√. AXn-ep≈ Hcp kwK-Xnbpw sXfn-hp-
Ifpw aqkm- \ _n, Cukm- \ _n XpS- ß n- b - h - c psS Imcy- Ø n- s e∂
t]mse, Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ßfpw ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ Zpjn-∏n-®-Xmhmw.
AXn-\m¬, \mw A`n-{]mbw h√Xpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah-
cpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®v am{Xta BImhq. aX-t\-Xm-°-sf-
°p-dn®v au\-a-h-ew-_n-°Ww. Cs√-¶n¬ Nne-t∏mƒ \mw Adn-bmsX
`¿’n-°p∂Xv Hcp bYm¿Y {]hm-N-Is\ BsW∂v hcmw.
apl-ΩZv\_nsbt∏mse ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw kXy-k-‘-cm-bn-
cp∂p; ssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p; Ckvem-anI am¿Kw
ImWn®p sImSp- Ø - h - c m- b n- c p∂p. C°m- c y- ß - f n- s em∂pw apl-
ΩZv \ _nbpw ap≥ {]hm- N - I - ∑ mcpw XΩn¬ A¥- c - s am- ∂ p- a n- √ .
F∂m¬, aq∂p Imcy-ß-fn¬ hyXym-k-ap≠v.
1. ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc√mw Hmtcm {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°pw
Hcp \n›nX Ime-tØ°pw am{X-ambn \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p.
F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cm-in-°p-ambn Fs∂-t∂-°p-ap≈
{]hm-N-I-\m-bn-´mWv ssZhw Ab-®Xv. C°mcyw Ign™ A[ym-b-
Øn¬ khn-iZw {]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-ht√m.
2. ap≥{]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS in£-W-߃ Xotc A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-
°-gn-™p. h√Xpw tijn-∏p-s≠-¶n¬Øs∂ Ah bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬
kpc- £ n- X - a mbn \ne- \ n¬°p∂n√. Ah- c psS PohnX Ncy- I fpw
bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ Cs∂-hn-sSbpw e`y-a√. Ah-sb√mw sI´p-I-Y-
Ifpw CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-ambn cq]w amdn-t∏mbn. X∑qew Ah-cpsS Ncy
]n¥p-S-cpI C∂-km-[y-amWv. XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amWv apl-ΩZv\_n-
bpsS ÿnXn. At±-l-Øns‚ A[ym-]-\-ßfpw Pohn-X-N-cybpw D]-
tZ-i-ßfpw {]h¿Ø-\-ssi-enbpw kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-sa√mw
C∂v kpc-£n-X-am-b-h-ti-jn-°p-∂p≠v. At±-l-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-bm-
\p-t±-in-°p∂ F¥pw \ap-°n∂v e`y-amWv. XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ C∂v
"Pohn-®n-cn-∏p≈' GI {]hm-N-I≥ apl-ΩZv\_n am{X-amWv. At±-
lsØ am{Xta \ap-°n∂v A\p-K-an-°m≥ km[n°q.
3. ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS {]mtbm-KnI in£-W-߃ Xm¬°m-en-
Ihpw A]q¿W-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm {]hm-N-I∂pw tijw hcp-∂-
 Ckvemw

bmƒ ap≥Km-an-bpsS \nb-a-hn-[n-Ifpw I¿a-\n¿tZ-i-ßfpw ]cn-jvI-

cn®p. Cu ]cn-jvI-cWw A°m-e-ß-fn¬ \nc-¥cw \S-∂n-cp∂p. CXp-
sIm-≠mWv Ah-cpsS in£-W-߃°v ssZhw imiz-Xn-IXzw \¬Im-
Xn- c p- ∂ Xv . Xmc- X - t ay\ ]q¿W- a mb Hcp hyhÿ D≠m- b n- c ns°,
A]q¿W-amb ap≥hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ Bh-iy-an-√t√m. Ah-km\w apl-
ΩZv\_n aptJ\ F√m-‰nepw ]cn-]q¿Whpw imiz-X-hp-amb Hcn-kvem-
anI hyhÿ \¬I-s∏´p. AtXm-sS kIe ap≥-Ime {]hm-N-I-∑m-
cp-sSbpw I¿a-am¿K-߃ kzbw Zp¿_-e-s∏´p. ImcWw, ]cn-]q¿W-
am-b-Xn-cns° A]q¿W-am-bXv kzoI-cn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv bp‡nhncp-≤-
amWv. Ct∏mƒ apl-ΩZv\_nsb A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬
apgp-h≥ {]hm-N-I≥am-sc-bp-am-W-\p-K-an-°p-∂Xv. ImcWw, ap≥{]-hm-
N-I-∑m-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ apgp-h≥ \∑-Ifpw apl-
ΩZv\_n-bp-tS-Xn-ep≠v. F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv\_nsb hn´v ap≥{]-hm-N-
I-∑m-cn¬ h√-h-scbpw A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h∂v Gsd \∑-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-
´p-t]mIpw. ImcWw, ]n¬°m-eØv e`n® \∑-Iƒ ap≥in-£-W-ß-
fn-ep-≠m-hn-√t√m.
C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬ apl-ΩZv\_nsb am{Xw A\p-K-an-t°-≠Xv a\p-
jy-cm-in°v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ apl-Ω-Zv\_nsb
kw_-‘n®v aq∂v Imcy-߃ hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. H∂v: \_nXncp-ta\n
ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿Y {]hm-N-I-\mWv. c≠v: At±-l-Øns‚ \n¿tZ-i-
߃ G‰hpw kºq¿W-amWv; Ah-bn¬ bmsXmcp t]mcm-bvab - p-an√; Ah
Xo¿Øpw A_≤ ap‡-amWv. aq∂v: Xncp-ta\n ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-km-
\sØ {]hm-N-I-\mWv; C\n, Imem¥yw hsc Hcp kap-Zm-b-Ønepw Hcp
{]hm-N-I≥ hcn√; apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ hniz-kn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-btXm
bn¬ k¬-°¿aw Cl-tem-I-Ønse £Wn-I-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ h√
kZv^-ehpw e`n-°p-∂-h-bmWv. Ipd®v ]Ww, A¬]w `qan, ÿm\-
am-\-߃, t]cpw s]cp-abpw, A`n-\-µ-\hpw {]iw-kbpw, A¬]w
B\-µhpw k-t¥m--jhpw˛ CsXms° t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ I¿a-ß-fm-
W-bmƒ°v k¬°¿aw. ZpjvI¿a-am-Is´, Cl-tem-IØv Zpjv^-e-ap-
f-hm-°p-∂-htbm Aßs\ `b-s∏-Sm-hp-∂tXm Bb IrXy-ßfpw. DZm-
l-c-W-ambn, Poh-\jvSw, [\-\jvSw, Btcm-Ky-Øn\v lm\n, Zpjvt∏cv,
`c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ in£m-\-S-]Sn, ZpxJw XpS-ßn-b-h°v Imc-W-am-Ip-
∂h. F∂m¬, c≠m- a sØ a\p- j ys\ kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw
k¬°¿aw ssZh-an-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw ZpjvI¿aw ssZhw shdp-°p-∂Xpw
 Ckvemw

BWv. k¬-°¿aw Ah∂v bmsXm-ssc-lnI t\´-hpw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-

Øn- s √- ¶ nepw Ah- \ Xv k¬°¿a- a m- b n- Ø s∂ IcpXpw˛ AXv
Fs¥¥v \jvS-߃ Ah-t∂¬]n-®mepw icn. Ah-km\w ssZhw
X\n-°v imiz-X-amb {]Xn-^ew \¬Ip-sa∂v Abmƒ ZrV-ambn hniz-
kn°pw. AXp-t]mse ZpjvI¿aw Ah∂v Cl-tem-IØv h≥em`w
t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ømepw Abm-f-hsb ZpjvI¿aw F∂p-Xs∂ IcpXpw.
Chn-SsØ {lkz-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ B\-µ-Øn-em-dm-Sm≥ Ign-™mepw
ssZh-in-£-bn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ Hcn-°epw Ign-bn-s√∂v Abm-fp-
d®p hniz-kn-°p∂p.
Cu hyXykvX ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ a\pjy\p-ap-ºn¬ c≠v hyXykvX
am¿K-߃ Xpd-°p∂p. ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-an-√mØ a\p-jy∂v Ckvem-
anI ]mX-bn-eqsS HcSn apt∂m´p \oßm-\m-hn√. Ckvemw kImØv sImSp-
°m≥ ]d-bp-tºmƒ kImØv Xs‚ [\-Øn¬ IpdhphcpØpw F∂mhpw
Abm-fpsS t]Sn. AXv ]en-i°p sImSp-Øm¬ Zcn-{Zs‚ ho´nse ]p¬-
s°m-Sn-t]mepw kz¥-am°mw. F¥p kw`-hn-®mepw kXyta ]d-bmhq,
Hcn-°epw Ifhv ]d-b-cpXv F∂v Ckvemw B⁄m-]n-°p-tºmƒ kXyw
]d-™n´v bmsXmcp em`-hp-an√,- \jvS-ap≠v Xm\pw. B kXyw X\n-°p-
th≠ F∂m-hpw adp-]Sn. hymP-am-Is´ em`-I-camWv. AXv Xms\-
¥n\v h¿Pn-°Ww? Bfn-√mØ hgn-bn¬sh®v Abmƒs°mcp hne-
]n-Sn® hkvXp hoWp In´p∂p. "AXv \nt‚-X-s√-¶n-se-Sp-°-cpXv' F∂v
Ckvemw Ah-t\mSv ]d-bp∂p. Ahs‚ adp-]Sn: CXv shdpsX e`n®
km[-\-amWv; Rm\n-sX-¥n-\p-t]-£n-°Ww? ChnsS Bcp-an√. AXp-
sIm≠v Bcpw t]meo-kn-e-dn-bn-°n√; tImS-Xn-bn¬ FXn¿ km£n
]d-bn√; F\n°v ZpjvIo¿Øn-bp-≠m-hp-I-bp-an√. ]ns∂ CsX-¥p-
sIm≠v F\n-°-\p-`-hn-®p-IqSm? Hcmƒ Ahs‚ ]°¬ Hcp hkvXp
kq£n-°m-t\¬]n®p. DSs\ Abmƒ acn-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
At∏mƒ, "ac-W-s∏-´-hs‚ [\w Abm-fpsS Ah-Im-in-Iƒs°-Øn-
°Ww' F∂v Ckvemw Ah-t\mSv ]d-bp∂p. Ahs‚ {]Xyp-Øcw:
Rm\sX-¥n\v sImSp-°Ww? acn-®-hs‚ ]Ww Fs‚ ]°-ep-s≠-
∂-Xn\v F¥mWv sXfnhv? Ahs‚ IpSpw-_-߃°-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®-dn-
bn√; AXp-sIm≠v F\n-°-X-\p-`-hn°mw; Hc-]-Io¿Ønbpw `b-s∏-Sm-
\n√. Npcp-°-Øn¬, PohnX bm{X-bn¬ Ckvemw Ah∂v Hcp am¿Kw
ImWn®psImSp-°p-tºmƒ FXn¿ Zni-bn-ep≈ as‰mcp hgn-°m-W-h≥
 Ckvemw

t]mhpI. Ckvem-an¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw ÿm\hpw hnebpw ]c-tem-

I-Ønse imiz-X-^-e-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv. Ah-∂m-Is´,
Cl-tem-I-Ønse £WnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ^e-ß-
fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw. C{Xbpw ]d-™-Xn¬\n∂v, ]c-temI hnizm-
k-an-√m-Ø-h≥ F¥p-sIm≠v apkven-am-hp-I-bn√ F∂v hy‡w. F∂p
am{X-a√, ]c-temI \ntj[w a\p-jys\ arK-ß-sf-°mƒ XmW P¥p-
hm°n am‰p-Ibpw sNøpw.
]c-temIhnizmkw bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®Ø
- n¬
]c- t emIhnizm- k - Ø ns‚ Bh- i y- I - X bpw kZv ^ - e - ß - f p- a mWv
CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv. C\n, AsX-∏‰n apl-Ω-Zv\_n hnh-cn® Imcy-
ß-fmWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv. Ah bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ icn-bm-
bn-´p-≈-h-bm-tWm F∂pw ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]c-tem-I-hn-izmkw hmkvX-
h-Øn¬, bp-‡nsb Bkv]-Zn-®p-≈-X√. Dd® hnizm-k-am-W-Xn-∂-Sn-
ÿm\w. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, \mw _p≤n-bp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-]£w ]c-tem-
I-sØ-°p-dn®v apl-Ω-Zv\_n ]Tn-∏n® Imcy-ß-fmWv a‰p Nn¥m-K-Xn-
I-sf-°mƒ bp‡n-\n-jvT-am-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂v ImWm≥ Ignbpw.
ac-Wm-\-¥-c- Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v apJy-ambpw aq∂v `n∂ ho£-
W-ß-fm-Wp-≈Xv. H∂v: ac-Wm-\-¥cw a\p-jy≥ \in®v aÆm-bn-t∏m-
Ip∂p. A\-¥cw as‰mcp Pohn-X-an√. imkv{Xo-b-Nn-¥-I¿ F∂v hmZn-
°p∂ \mkvXn-I-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-am-WnXv. c≠v: a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ I¿a-
^-e-a-\p-`-hn-°p-hm-\mbn ASn-°Sn Cu temI-tØ-°p-Xs∂ ]p\¿P-
\n-°p∂p. ZpjvI¿aw sNbvX-h¿ ASpØ P∑-Øn¬ ]q®, \mb XpS-
ßnb P¥p-°tfm, hr£tam, \oN-h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ a\p-jytcm Bbn
\mem-asØ hkvXpX hnNm-c-Wbpw {]Xn-^-e-Zm-\hpw BWv. CXn¬
F¥v bp‡n-`w-K-am-Wp-≈Xv? a\pjy I¿a-߃ ssZhw hnNm-cW
\S-Ø-W-sa∂pw \oXn-]q¿hw hn[n I¬]n-°-W-sa∂pap≈Xv a\p-
jy-_p-≤n-bpsS Xs∂ Xm¬]-cy-amWv. Chn-sS-sbmcp a\p-jy≥ \∑
am{Xw {]h¿-Øn-°p∂p. ]t£, AXns‚ bmsXmcp kZv^-ehpw Cl-
tem-IØv A-bmƒ°v e`n-°p-∂n√. as‰m-cmƒ Bbp-jvIm-e-a-{Xbpw
ZpjvI¿a߃ sN-øp-∂p. F∂m¬ bmsXmcp \jvShpw Abmƒ°v
]‰p-∂n√. am{X-a√, k¬-°¿aw sNbvX-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Ah¿W-\o-b-
amb IjvS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw Zpcn-X-ßfpw A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ F{Xtbm
t]cp≠v. ZpjvIr-Xy-߃ sN-bvXv BPo-h-\m¥w B\-µ-Xp-µn-e-cmbn
 Ckvemw

Pohn-°p-∂-h-cpap≠v. Cu A\p-`-h-߃, k÷-\-߃°v {]Xn-^-ehpw

Zp¿P-\-߃°v in£bpw Ft∏m-sg-¶n-ep-sam-cn-°¬ e`n-t°-≠-Xm-
sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂p.
kz¿Khpw \c-I-hp-amWv HSp-hn-e-tØXv. Chbpw Akw-`-hy-a√.
hm\˛ `ph- \ - ß sf krjv S n® ssZh- Ø n\v kz¿K \c- I - ß - f psS
krjvSn∏v am{Xw Akm-[ytam? ssZhw P\-ßsf hnNm-cW sNbvXv
c£m-in-£-Iƒ \¬Ipw. c£ e`n-®-h¿°v kuJy-]q¿hw Pohn-°phm-
s\m-cnSw thWw. in£ e`n-®-h¿°v Zpcn-X-]q¿W-amb as‰m-cn-Shpw.
Ah ssZhw krjvSn-°p∂p.
ta¬hn-h-cn® Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kKu-chw Nn¥n-°p∂ Hcmƒ°v,
ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v \ne-hn-ep≈ k¶-¬]-ß-fn¬ _p≤n°v
G‰-hp-a\
- p-tbm-Py-am-bXv Ckvem-anI ImgvN∏
- m-Sm-sW∂v ImWmw. AXn¬
Akm-[ytam Abp-‡n-Itam Bbn H∂p-an-s√∂v GsXm-cmfpw kΩ-
Xn°pw. _p≤n kzbw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ C°mcyw apl-ΩZ- v\_ - n-sb-t∏m-ep≈
Hcp kXy-{]-hm-N-I≥ \ΩpsS \∑ am{Xw ap≥\n¿Øn hnh-cn®pXcp-
tºmƒ hrYm kwi-bn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v? AXn¬ ZrV-amb hnizmkw Dƒ-
s°m-≈p-∂-Xt√ _p≤n-]q¿h-I-am-bn-´p-≈Xv?
]cn-ip-≤ h
- mIyw
ta¬ hnh-cn® A©v BZ¿i-ß-fn-t∑-emWv Ckvemw \ne-sIm-
≈p-∂Xv.* Ah-bpsS cXv\-®p-cp°w ""emC-eml C√-√mlp apl-Ω-
Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln'' F∂ ]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn-´p≠v. \mw ""emC-
eml C√- √ mlp''F∂p- ® - c n- ° p- ∂ - t XmsS F√m \njn≤ ssZh- ß -
sfbpw hn´v GI-ssZ-h-Øns‚ am{Xw ASn-aØw kzoI-cn-°p∂p. ""apl-
Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln'' F∂p-IqSn D®-cn-°p-tºmƒ apl-ΩZv\_n ssZh-
Øns‚ ZqX-\m-sW∂pw \mw kΩ-Xn®p. ZuXy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-

* ss__nƒ ]gb \nb-a-Ønse BZysØ A[ym-b-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw ]pXnb \nb-a-

Ønse \mev kphn-ti-j-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw H∂v ItÆm-Sn-®m¬ Ah a\p-jy-Ir-Xn-bm-
sW∂v t_m[y-am-hp-∂-XmWv. Ah-bn¬ Zmho-Zns‚ km£m¬ Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬
NneXpw {InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-jß
- fpw Ahn-`‡
- amw hn[w Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.
]gb \nb-a-Ønse BZysØ \mev A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ XudmØv am{X-a√ D≈Xv.
adn®v, Xudm-Øns‚ `mK-߃ a\p-jy-hym-Jym-\-ß-fp-ambn CS-I-e¿∂p \ne-sIm-
≈p∂p. B IqSn-°p-g-b-en¬ bYm¿Y Znhy-k-tµiw \jvS-s∏´p t]mbn-cn-°-bmWv.
AXp-t]mseXs∂ Cukm-bp-sS-sX∂v ]d-bp∂ \mev kphn-ti-j-߃ At±-l-
Øn¬\n∂v In´nb km£m¬ kphn-ti-j-ß-f√. adn®v, ⁄m\hpw `n∂-[¿ahpw
 Ckvemw

tXmsS, ssZhw, ssZhn-I-Kp-W-߃, ae-°p-Iƒ, ssZh-{K-Ÿ-߃,

ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿, ]c-temIw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v Xncp-Zq-X¿ ]Tn-∏n® AtX
hn[w hniz-kn-t°-≠Xv \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ssZhsØ Bcm-
[n-°p-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw Xncp-ta\n ImWn-®p-X∂ am¿K-tatXm
AXv IWn-i-ambn ]n≥]-‰m\pw \mw _m[y-ÿ-cmbn amdp∂p.

B[m-c-am°n hyXy-kvX-cmb \mem-fp-Iƒ kam-l-cn® {InkvXp-hns‚ Poh-N-cn-{X-

amWv. km£m¬ kphn-ti-j-ß-fpsS GXm\pw `mK-ßfpw Ah-bn-ep-s≠∂v am{Xw.
ssZh-Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy-Ir-Xnbpw, kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw ]Xn-cn¬\n∂v s\√v th¿Xn-
cn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hÆw ]c-kv]cw IqSn-°-e¿∂n-cn-°-bmWv. AXn-\m¬,
km£m¬ ssZh-{KŸw PqX-cp-sStbm ss{IkvX-h-cp-sStbm ]°-en√. CXn\v hn]-
co-X-ambn, hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥, AX-h-X-cn® km£m¬ cq]-Øn¬ Hcp hyXym-k-hp-
an-√msX, kpc-£n-X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂p.
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

* Cuam≥ Imcy-߃ A©m-bn-´mWv Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv. CXv hnip≤ Jp¿-

B-\n¬ ""kqd-Øp¬ _Jd''bnse ""Ba-\¿d-kqep _nam D≥kne Csseln....'',
kqd-Øp-∂n-kmCse ""ha≥ bIv^p¿ _n√mln ha-em-C-°-Ønln....'' F∂o hmIy-
ßsf ASn-ÿm-\a - m-°n-bmWv. \_nhN-\ß
- f
- n¬ ""JZvdn''ep≈ hnizm-khpw Cuam≥
Imcy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an√. At∏mƒ Cuam≥ Imcy-
߃ Bdm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-XmWv. F∂m¬, bYm¿Y-Øn¬ JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw A√m-
lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Xs∂ Awi-amWv. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ B \ne-°mWv
AXv hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv. AXn-\m¬ Rm\pw {]kvXpX hnizm-ksØ GI-ssZ-h-hn-
izm-k-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv. Nne \_n-
h-N-\-ß-fn¬ kz¿Kw, \cIw, kzndmØv, aokm≥ F∂n-hsb {]tXyIw hnizm-k-]-
c-amb Imcy-ß-fmbn hnh-cn-®n-´p≠v. At∏mƒ Cuam≥ Imcy-߃ Bdn¬ IqSp-X-
emIpw. hmkvX-h-am-Is´, Ah-sb√mw ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ LS-I-ß-fmWv.
˛{KŸ-Im-c≥