: " !

 $ %

&'()

Theoretical Question
1234567-

How are steam power plants classified?

What are the essential requirements of steam power station design?
What are the advantage and disadvantage of diesel power Plants?
State the application of diesel power plants.
What are the major fields of application of gas turbine?
State the limitation of gas turbine.
State the advantage and disadvantage of gas turbine power plants
over diesel and thermal power plants.
8- How are gas turbine power plants classified?
9- Discuss briefly the methods employed for improvement of thermal
efficiency of open cycle gas turbine plant.
10List the advantage of combined cycle?
11What is the difference between open and closed gas turbine?
12State the method of increasing the thermal efficiency of
Rankin cycle?
13State the advantage and disadvantage of regenerative cycle
over simple Rankine cycle.
14Prove the efficiency of the Otto cycle is:
Otto = 1

1
r

r : Expansion ratio

Obtain the same expressions for work and mean effect pressure.
15Repeat the 14 for Diesel cycle. (obtain the same expressions)
16Repeat the 14 for Dual cycle. (obtain the same expressions)
Define new parameters such as r in the question 15 & 16 and
then solve the problem.

(Combined Binary Gas Turbine Cycle and Vapor Cycles)

&88 /3 2 45 6 72/4  / :./ ! 
"   0 12 (,
!@AB / T2
 2   0 rpc = 10 /3 9
: 2 2 ; /4< " / =>?4"
2 LHV = 45680 kJ kg /E H6/  m f = 1.32 kg s 2 2 9G4 .   CDE
:9 J4 . 64  CDE !@AB / cc = 95% CDE I /
/ /3 9
:  T3 = 1700 K  .6 72/4  I /  MW E42  / QH
N !K / L 2 9 J4 M 02 /4< " / /3 9
: 2 22 72/4
. >2 @ / = 1.4 , Cp = 1.0045 kJ kg 2 =;  6 / 45
M 02 S/ R8 > 5 J; O ?  45 /4< " P  4L  /Q2 M 6
2/4 I / 
:9 J4
" I / P  4L  /Q2 M6
 6 5 I /  LG T$G I4 !
B
. 02 T6 = 827.75K J; D5?4 6 6 LG
 ! !2 !L4 2 !4 U
:6 /
 4L  /Q2  WDQ VK <$D;
:4L 
ha = 42.21, hc = 364.04, hb ' = 42.33, hd ' = 270.48 kJ

kg

:/Q2 
h A = 191.93, hC = 2796.9, hB ' = 196.5548, hD = 3437.42, hE ' = 2220.868 kJ

kg

*+ % MI/ 5 c % M72^ ab/Z % ^ 2 _=[\ 9G4 /Q2  ] / (

gL 9
: 9 J4 . 64g g3% h45 Xee % 2 D:^G !K2  f6 e/a % MId:^
j3 92k d h 2 ^ 6 / CDE fl4mB .CDE  !i0 ]2 ; h  45

/ C2 *ee MW $4 h2 6 /4 _=[\ gL g2 ^g !^ g%3 2 n< . ^
. 40 g /4^ / +e C  e/* MPa / 9G4  45 . ^ !
B
   
!"#$    kg/s    kPa    oC  
    (
 ,( 1$ 
  2 !(3 1456   
!"#$ 7 8!9 
 .
  ,// %&'!()*+ ,-   
= !(3 !>  .
  =!(6 ,+  ,< kg/s   LHV=50000 kJ/kg : !3 ;7
,-   @&
:   T3   ,+ 7 8!9   1( ? >  6: = !(3 1456 
 
D!E !F* GC  
!"#$ ,-  D!E H&
: ,
: 7 C .!B  ,A    ,/
1$ !B  !J*
    *? (     1$ 7B H&
: K!9 .!B  
: !I ,- 
6: P(* P C  H* Q  P* O* ! . O
(  ?  C L
  -&M
: ,+ 15&N
.
 1(  1F >  ! R!S O* ! !
%&'!()*+ ,-   C H&
:   ,/ !K !$  / oC   /MPa   ?  C
O* !    1$ P
(  C  A 1T  H&
: H* K!9 .!B  O@ ,+   R- ,/
.-!B  ,/ %&'!()*+ ,-   U 1J3! H&
:    R- V&$!:   kPa   oC
 
 -@$   H&
: 7 K!9 C .!B  O@  kPa 
 -@$  : H&
: H*  C
 R- R-&MFY C .-  X oC ,+ K!9   oC,+ 1  H$ %@9 W+ 1$ 

1$ -@  , S*!&B R7 - .!B  ! !J*
 1 R "#' O
:  R
 L Z* [
\ 
 -@$
( G$  ) !J*
 7 K!9 = !(3 [?
\6   R
 50 MW C H&
: K!9 ,
:
1$  R- 1&^: Duct Burner U@ J^ 7B H&
: K!9 _$  .-  oC
.!B  `&4@: !&B  H$ ,+  -T  C O* ! 7 1$ M!(@$ O
: ,+ !\ 9
, )&
 C -&M
: SK 7& 
 I! H&: &(' 7B H&
: 7 K!9 a  
 1b@Y 1*


 I!   1d&(   R!$ #e ^ - 1( -  =! 50 MW-&M
:  R- !$c O* !
,-    kJ/kg : !3 ;7  ,(  ^ H* 9
.-  G* )  !J*
 1 
.-  -E A !J*

:1K
:
.- 
 i
9 1 E
9    !J*
  H&
: 7 
e = !(3 [?
\6 
 h! :gM
U!K -3   7 9
 1(5S I! , )& :9
: !3 ;7 :W
: W
J [&j! 1 1K
: 
7B H&
: & 7 K!9 lM9 ,
: k
7B H&
: & : !3 ,-  k
7B H&
: &  ! T-S U !B* kX
kg/s V3! C H&
:  =! 50 MW-&M
: SK 7& 
 C , )& k
MW V3! 
-@$ : !3   m3/h V3! 
 -@$  H$ %@9 W+  k
KW V3! m#' !\ $ , )& k
C & : !3 ,-  k<

7 2  = !(3 [?
\6   7& [
E  Duct Burner  ,( 7B P!\  k/
(Duct Burner 7 -^ ) !J*
 1 
(9
Rn* D!\ ) SFC  (C Rn* D!\) SSC kA
&$!: & -&M
: lM9 ,
: k
&$!: & $ ,-  k
C &  ! T-S U !B* k
:op$  R- !$c [  1M 1 1K
:  :[?

q-@ -@
:  P*)&Y 1Y &$!: & RB!& %* 3 !r  `S !( ' k
.-&s# !$c  S@: 7B H&
: RB!&  S@: C RB!& 1  &$!: & RB!& * ) k
.-&*# t6 
K [
E  )& ,+ V*^ 
 
)& ,+ V*^ 
  q  7 7B H&
: & 1  P** ) 1Y 1( 7B H&
: & kX
.-&*# t6

7 =P /44 ] p4 /4< ^ !^B h Mh6  ] / q0 12 (
!^ 40g /4< ^ / e/* kg/s gL g2 2 +e C h  *ee kPa /3 / 45 . 40g
9
: 2 =P /44 / /4< ^ 6 rG 6 n?  3 h45 .9 X /4< ^ /3 9
:
M7? s !K  /  / 56 V:
 6 n?  . 40g Xe % g/E  62  *e .^
/  u / /44 M v I 2 g$ M/3 93 *e % 2 56  40 62  t?4 >;
= x4G . ^ @3S 9G4  0!3% wL 6 .72/4 f/  9 J4 . 40 72/4
.9 ^ 6 45 . 40 j3 45 x4G @ Mq VK !^ / 

) A regenerative gas turbine power plant is shown in Figure. Air enters the
compressor at 1 bar, 27 oC and is compressed to 4 bar. The isentropic efficiency of
the compressor is 80% and the regenerator effectiveness is 90%. All the power
developed by higher-pressure turbine is used to run the compressor and lowerpressure turbine provides the net power output of 97 kW. Each turbine has isentropic
efficiency of 87% and temperature at the inlet to the high-pressure turbine is 1200K.
Determine:
a) The mass flow rate of air into the compressor, in kg/s
b) The thermal efficiency
c) The temperature of the air at the exit of the regenerator, in K.
d) T-S Diagram

) Figure shows a steam jet refrigeration system that produces chilled water in a flash
chamber. The chamber is maintained at a vacuum pressure by the steam ejector,
which removes the vapor generated by entraining it in the low-pressure jet and
discharging into the condenser. The vacuum pump removes air and other
noncondensable gases from the condenser shell. For the conditions shown on the
figure, determine the make-up water and cooling water flow rates, each in kg/h.

) Figure shows the schematic diagram of a vapor-compression refrigeration system

with two evaporators using Refrigerant 12 as the working fluid. This arrangement is
used to achieve refrigeration at two different temperatures with a single compressor
and a single condenser. The low-temperature evaporator operates at -18 oC with
saturated vapor at its exit and has a refrigerating capacity of 3 tons. The highertemperature evaporator produces saturated vapor at 3.2 bar at its exit and has a
refrigerating capacity of 2 tons. Compression is isentropic to the condenser pressure
of 10 bar. There are no significant pressure drop in flows through the condenser and
two evaporators, and the refrigerant leaves the condenser as saturated liquid at 10 bar.
Calculate:
a) the mass flow rates of refrigerant through each evaporator, in kg/min
b) the compressor power input, in kW.
c) the rate of heat transfer from the refrigerant passing through the condenser, in kW.

d) h-s and T-S diagrams

) An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is modified to include a counter

flow heat exchanger, as shown in figure. Refrigerant 12 leaves the evaporator as
saturated vapor at 1.4 bar and is heated at constant pressure to 20 oC before entering
the compressor. Following isentropic compression to 12 bar, the refrigerant passes
through the condenser, exiting at 44 oC, 12 bar. The liquid then passes through the
heat exchanger, entering the expansion valve at 12 bar. If the mass flow rates of
refrigerant is 6 kg/min, determine:
a) the refrigeration capacity, in tons of refrigeration.
b) the compressor power input, in kW.
c) the coefficient of performance
d) h-s and T-s diagrams
Discuss possible advantage and disadvantage of this arrangement.

*e

) A vapor-compression refrigeration system using Refrigerant 134a is being

designed for a household food freezer. The refrigeration system must maintain a
temperature of
-17 oC within the freezer compartment when the temperature of the
room is 32 oC. Under these conditions, the steady-state heat transfer rate from the
room into the freezer compartment is 440 kW. Specify operating pressure and
temperature at key points within the refrigeration system and stimate the refrigerant
mass flow rate and compressor power required.

Note: 1 bar= 100 kPa, 1 Ton=12000 Btu/hr= 3516.07137624894 watts

**

!4 U 7 .9  0   I =6  CDE ]y M/\4A 6 h !4 U 6 q0 / (
 2  =>? 4^*X/c /3  74^ {L/ ++X/*Z h45 / (9L w/) 9L /44 f/4m2
MCDE ]y / . ^ 54G 6? M9 g2 /3 I 5 !^ ]A:  /3 9B  X |
=>?4^ XY  B 6 n?   /
    h !2 M =KD !42 45
9 : . / g AS ] P 
K 9 !2 ]y / 45 .  g =6 / /3 93
6 9 : / g$ .93 @ / ]?DP; I4 g / =6 7} 5  /\4A ]4?4
6 !^ 42 54G h/3 93 h/ !q2  q 9^E ]?DP; f/4m2 = M/\4A f4S
. ^ g 9i
 6 {/
Cp= gi /3 P3/(]?DP /3 P3)=e/c=

P3 Py
P3 s Py

/ M/\4A 4 6 
 M9 f4S 9 6 D2 9 /\4A h / / I4 7} 5 
./ !^ g4i .90 .54G h !2% r4 ] 9 5^ 9L M 0   I B
:6 /

A1 = 0.929m 2

A2 = 0.26m 2

A6 = 1.39m 2

. 02 g .@ 2 A5

 24L h 7} 5 ..02 !D0  h !2% r4 =6 / !^ 22 h/4y / A5 K 
/ VK !^ /  = x4G . .    ? P / CDE ]y / 45 !2 !KD f/E 
.9 ^ 6 45 . ^ j3 45 x4G @

*+