Co-Curricular Subjects Syllabus (Telugu Medium)

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eT+q+:
\T`k+d $< dVbs n+X+> bsX\ neT\eT+~. { B L& eT+q+ #j*. $u>+ s] +q $<|eD\ >T]+
b<jTT\T ne>Vq b+~ +&*.
1. ueT\T ^jT&+, qeTH\T #jT&+, s+>T\T yjT&+, n\+ sD\T #jT&+.
4. b\T b&&+, y<|]s\ $j>+.
2. ]>$T, {H>yT, T, n*\T.
5. q+, k sb\qT |<]+#&+, +<T\ #], d+d, kV+
3. H{\T, @+\ n_qsTT+#&+, =]j>|.
| $<|eD\qT <w +#T= b<jTT&T |\\ nuk\T *+#*. y{ k~+#s < eT+q+ #j*. |\ \ |<sq\T, n_sT#T\ <s+>
eT+q+ #j*. = $<|eD 10esT\ #=|q yTT+ 50esT\| >&T s]+#*. nsTT dyT{y eT+q deTjT+ eyT M{ qy<T #j*.
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $< - bs |D[
K q+
1e s> bs|D[
e
+
```````
bs+X+
```
ueT\T^jT&+, s+>T\T yjT &+
|]jT&T
`
edTeqT #d < k++> q qq ueTqT ^jT&+

sU \T ^jT&+
5
6
^\ \T ^jT&+ (e#Y d &sTT+> )
eqT> sU \T ^jT&+ (bsY &sTT+>)
eT{ ueT\T #jT&+
llllmm
dTqT =] |\T, eT\T, >dT\T yTT<q

y{ bd qeTH\T jsT#jT&+, &CqT\T jsT#jT&+
|+{ yT+>T
u+&, \T>& yTT<q y{ n#T\T yjT&+
# |qT\T
+ |&e\T #jT&+
<X+ n_e~ #+<&eT+f n<\ yT&\T, s+>T\ >&\T ]+# &+ <T. bsT H_e< yTq <X_e~.
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $<-bs |D[
K q+
2e s> bs|D[
e+
bs+X+
```````
```
|]jT&T
`
ueT\T ^jT&+, s+>T\T yjT&+ sU\T, dsyTq ^\ ueT\T (e#Y d &sTT+>)

jH s+>T\T yjT &+
\ seT\T, >&T\ dTH\T e+{ bsY ^jT&+
5G5
5
eT{ ueT\T #jT&+ (|&\T, eT\T, +& yTT$)

eT*+> (n#T\T yjT&+, dT, f+jT |\)
5G5
|+{ yT+>
u+&jT, *>& ||sY| n#T\T yjllllmm

T&+ (s+>T\ eTT+)
# |qT\T
=C esY: ||sY +| n+#&+

]>$T: + |&e\T
eTTK+ ue+ sqT ^jT&+
ueT ` eT&+#\ $<q+
5G5
$T*q$:
q{ |\ >T]+>, s|{ c\ >T]+> ~>T\T|&yT n|< |.
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $<-bs |D[
K q+
3e s> bs|D[
e+
```````
```
bs+X+
|]jT&T
ueT\T ^jT&+,s+>T\T yjT+
|]ds\qT |]o*+, edTeqT #d <` k+

+> q qq ueTqT ^jT&+
syTq s |j $$< s\ ueT\T ^jT&+
(<: dTq $$< s\ueT\T ^jT&+) sU \T
dsyTq ^\ q&TdTqT, #<TeTqT, LsTqT > $$< u+eT\ ueT\T ^jT&+
jH |j+ s+>T\T yjT&+
bsY &CqT\T ^jT&+
eT&T n+#\ ueT\T ^jT&+
llllmm
#$b>T\T, >E\T, |{\T yTT<q usD\ ueT\T ^jT&+
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
+ eT{ dT |f\T, |T yTT<q y{ |j+ n#T\T jsT #jT&+

+ eT{ $$< s\ s\T, edTe\ ueT\T #jT&+
|+{ yT+>
u+&jT, s Ls>jT\ n#T\ ss\ &CqT\T j sT #jT&+
|t
]>$T, + eT&\ \T, {| jsT#jT&+
$T*q$:
d+d: #$ |TH b>T\T, >E\T ^jTT

sH: eTTK e[\T (|dt m|wH) ^jT&+
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $<-bs |D[
K q+
4e s> bs|D[
e+
```````
```
bs+X+
|]jT&T
ueT\T ^jT&+, s+>T\T yjT&+ q s+ k++> sU \T ^j

` T&
+
dsyTq ^\, $$< s\ u+eT\ ueT\T ^jT&+
edTe jTT ~XqT <s+> #dT= k++> ueT\T ^jT&+
ueT s+>T\T yjT&+, n+#T\T ^jT&+
e\T, #Tsk\T e+{ y{ |\ bsY &CqT ^jT&+
eT&+#\ |< ueT\T ^jT&+
llllmm
3
3
3
4
4
4
+eT{ $$< s\ ueT\T jsT #jT&+

+eT{ dT |f\T, | e+{$ |j+ eT*+> #jT&+, <| qq &CqT ^jT&+
4
4
|+{ yT+>
Ls>jT\ n#T\T |j+ ^{+> sT\T jsT #jT& +
# |qT\T
>E eTT\T n+{+ $$< s\ s\T, &CqT #jT&+

]>$T: + eT&\ wsT, b+T yTT<q$ jsT #jT&+
3
3
sH
yTT+ Xs e# $<+> sH ueT\T ^jT&+
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $<-bs |D[
K q+
5e s> bs|D[
e+
bs+X+
|]jT&T
```````
` `T& +, s+>T\T yjT&+ q s+ k++> sU \T ^jT&+

ueT\T` ^j
`
dsyTq ^\ $$< s\ &\ u+eT\ ueT\T ^jT&+
edTe jTT ~XqT <s+> #dT= k++> ueT\T ^jT&+
ueT s+>T\T yjT&+, n+#T\T ^jT&+
e\T, #Tsk\T e+{ y{ |\ bsY &CqT ^jT&+
$$< s\ usD\ ueT\T ^jT&+
eT&+#\ |< ueT\T ^jT&+
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
+eT{ $$< s\ ueT\T jsT #jT&+

4
4
|+{ yT+>
Ls>jT\ n#T\T |j+ ^{+> sT\T jsT #jT& +
# |qT\T
>E eTT\T n+{+ $$< s\ s\T, &CqT #jT&+

]>$T: + eT&\ wsT, b+T yTT<q$ jsT #jT&+
3
3
sH
yTT+ Xs e# $<+>, Veuy\ sH ueT\T ^jT&+, yK sjT&+
llllmm
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
10
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $<-bs |D[
K q+
6e s> bs|D[
e+
bs+X+
|]jT&T
```````
` ^j
` `T& +, s+>T\T yjT&+ q s+ k++> sU \T ^jT&+
ueT\T
`
dsyTq ^\ $$< s\ &\ u+eT\ ueT\T ^jT& +
|]ds\qT |]o*+ |\T, +Te\T yTT<q y{ ueT\qT ^jT&+ (|`d#Y)
>|t <s \ |]eD+ |+#&+, Z+#&+.
q q &CqT, bsY &CqT ^jT&+
$$< s\ usD\T, <TdT\ ueT\T ^jT&+
ueT q s+>T\T m+| #dT= s+>T\T yjT&+
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
yTq+ ]+ n#T\ bjT&+, $$< s\ ueT\T jsT #jT&+

2
3
|+{ yT+>
Ls>jT\ n#T\T |j+ ^{+> sT\T jsT #jT&+
# |qT\T
dT &Cq T #jT &+

]>$T: + eT&\ V+d yTT<q |\T jsT # jT&+
||sY {+ >T\ &Cq T #jT &+
2
2
sH

>|t <s +^w ns\qT Hs&+
llllmm
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
11
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $<-bs |D[
K q+
7e s> bs|D[
e+
```````
```
bs+X+
|]jT&T
ueT\T ^jT&+, s+>T\T yjT&+ ds y T q ^\ 2D yjT T

`
edTe s ^jT&+ (| ss\ edTe\ ueT\T)
s+>T\T yjT&+ (Crayons, Water colours |j+#&+)
d+d $$< s\ <TdT\ ueT\T ^jTT
$TssY yTC q q &CqT yjT&+
>|t <s \ |]eD\qT |+#&+ (|+&T)
2
2
2
2
2
4
eT{ ueT\T #jT&+ (#$, eTT, qllllmm

T yTT$ Xs u>\ j)
yTq + y& j sT #jT &+
3
2
|+{ yT+>
Ls>jT\ ]+> eT]jTT |+{+>
# |qT\T
]>$T: n|f\T |j+ |H k+& e+{$ jsT #jT& +

||sY {+ >T\ &Cq T #jT &+
>E eTT\T y&#d n\+sD ke (<+&\T) jsT#jT& +
sH
ns \T sjT&+
\T>T ns\T sjT&+ (>|t, d\T <s+>)
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
12
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $<-bs |D[
K q+
8e s> bs|D[
e+
bs+X+
|]jT&T
```````
```
ueT\T ^jT&+, s+>T\T yjT&+ bsY &CH #jT&+

`
2D d/ |sTw $u<q+ ueT\T ^jT&+
d+d: $$< b+\ d++~+q \b>\T, <TdT\T, < ]+q ueT\T ^jT&+
2
2
2
3
2
eT{ ueT\T #jT&+ (#$, eTT, qT *| bfsTT{ yTT<\>T Xs u>\ j)

yTq + y& j sT #jT &+
llllmm
|+{ yT+>
Ls>jT\ ]+> eT]jTT |+{+>
# |qT\T
neTT\ qeTH\qT jsT #jT&+

>|: nZ| \\T n+{+#&+
]>$T: +
||sY {+>: |[ d++~+q s+>Ts+>T\ \ $$< s\ j
sH
Xs <*\, Veuy\ sH ueT\T ^jT&+, yK sjT&+
ns \T sjT&+
\T>T, +^w ({*) ns\T sjT&+ (>|t, d\T < s+>)
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
13
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $<-bs |D[
K q+
9e s> bs|D[
e+
bs+X+
|]jT&T
```````
ueT\T
` ^j
` T`&+, s+>T\T yjT&+ e#Y d &sTT+> (Veuy\ ueT\T ^jT&+)
`d#Y < \sY )
| <X #d ueT> ^jT&+ (|`
2D \T, sU \T ysY \sY s+>T\T yjT&+, w&+> #jT&+
d+d: $$< b+\ d++~+q, q>\T <]+q e\ ueT\T ^jT&+
Ns, u&w { , | es MT< +& bsY &Cq q T #d ^jT&+, k++> bsY &CH j sT #jT &+
3
2
2
2
2
]|t esY (eT{ ueT\T #jT&+)

yTq+ eT*+> jsT #jT&+, y{ s+>T\T yjT&+
2
2
|+{ yT+>
# |qT\T
Ls>jT\ ]+> eT]jTT |+{+>

neTT\ qeTH\qT jsT #jT&+
>|: #=|u+&T, \T, >& n+{+ ueT\T #jT&+
||sY {+>: \ |P\T, \T, |esYyC jsT # jT&+
# sTe\T| bsY &Cq b_ |sTT+{+> #jT&+
3
3
2
2
2
sH
Xs <*\, Veuy\ sH ueT\T ^jT&+, yK sjT&+

ueT\ < jsT #jT&+
\T>T, +^w ({*) ns\ uqsY sjT&+ (>|t, d \T <s+>)
ns \T sjT&+
b{>|/ csY|
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
llllmm
$$< <X\qT b{ rjT&+

m+| #dTq dyX+| 10 \T &$ csY | rjT&+
14
2
4
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $<-bs |D[
K q+
10e s> bs|D[
e+
bs+X+
|]jT&T
```````
ueT\T
2
` ^j
` T`&+, s+>T\T yjT&+ e#Y d &sTT+> (Veuy\ ueT\T ^jT&+)
`d#Y < \sY )
| <X #d ueT> ^jT&+ (|`
2D \T, sU \T, ysY \sY s+>T\T yjT&+, w&+> #jT&+
2
d+d: d+d |_+_+# |[, Cs, |+&T> e+{ dyX\qT +#&+
&\T, ueH\T, <y\j\T, eT+~s\ MT< +q bsY &CqqT ^jT&+, =$ sb+~+#&+
]|t esY (eT{ ueT\T #jT&+)

yTq+ eT*+> jsT #jT&+, y{ s+>T\T yjT&+
3
2
|+{ yT+>
Ls>jT\ ]+> eT]jTT |+{+>
# |qT\T
>|: #=|u+&T, \T, >& n+{+ ueT\T #jT&+

=C esY: k++> <X ^dT= < MT< <~, >T&eTT\T
yTT<q y{ jsT #jT&+.
]>$T: |\T, +Te\qT + eT&\ #jT&+
]#sY ^jT&+
ueT\ < jsT #jT&+
>\T jsT #jT&+
$$< <X\qT b{ rjT&+
m+| #dTq dyX+| 10 \T &$ csY | rjT&+
sH
ns \T sjT&+
b{>|/ csY|
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
llllmm
15
3
3
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $< - bs |D[
#|qT\T
1e s> bs|D[
```````
e` T ` `
d+K
n+X+
n+X+
e\dq ke
z]>$T
|e
s+>T +, >TsT
| |+
+<\T
| |+ , >TsT
z]>$T
>T&>
s+>T +, >TsT
| |+
dsT&T
| |+ , >TsT
z]>$T
s+>T +, >TsT
z]>$T
|&e
s+>T +, >TsT
# |
>=+>[|sT >T
s+>T +, >TsT, b ys| \T
llllmm
|]jT&T
u~]+#&+ L& V+djT. V+d e\ @ e CsTTr|sT&> eseTT.

bsq n+f j+#&+ <T. n~ n+~+# |\T|
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
16
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
2e s> bs|D[
eT
1
n+X+
z]>$T
n+X+
e\dq ke
#T
s+>T +, >TsT
```````
2 ` ` ` | |+
#|
| |+ , >TsT
z]>$T
HeT*
`
s+>T
+, >TsT
| |+
>&j
s+
| |+ , >TsT
||sT {+ >
q (Snail)
#sT, >TsT, s
||sT {+ >
fT (Table)
#sT, >TsT, s
||sT {+ >
>
#sT, >TsT, s
CesY
|| +\ |
|| +\T, >TsT
CesY
|bT |P\
|bT, >TsT
10
CesY
| eTT\ \T
b||sT , >TsT
|]jT&T
5G5
llllmm
bsV \T>qT nDyjT &qsTT, C q JeX n+{ sTT \Vq+>, XsVq+>

jseT+~.
eTq+ q+d| <qe+T\eTe+. e+& <|Tq+d| |<\eTe+.
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
17
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
3e s> bs|D[
eT
d+K
n+X+
n+X+
e\dq ke
z]>$T
+<\T
s+>T +, >TsT
z]>$T
\T
s+>T +, >TsT
| |+
>T&> (Owl)
, >TsT
` | |+
||sT {+ >
#sT, s , >TsT
||sT {+ >
#sT, s , >TsT
||sT {+ >
\T
#sT, s , >TsT
```````
```
|]jT&T
llllmm
4e s> bs|D[
eT
d+K
n+X+
n+X+
e\dq ke
1
2
z]>$T
| |+
d\T (Butterfly)
|P\+&
s+>T +, >TsT
| |+ , >TsT
||sT {+ >
d+V+
#sT, s , >TsT, d#Y|H
||sT {+ >
#T
||sT {+ >
@qT>T
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
18
|]jT&T
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
5e s> bs|D[
eT
d+K
1
n+X+
z]>$T
n+X+
e\dq ke
s+>T +, >TsT
2
||sT {+ >
```````
```
Pen Stand
#sT, s , >TsT, s+>T\T
||sT {+ >
$eq+
#sT, ` s , >TsT, s+>T\T
||sT {+ >
Photo Frame
#sT, s , >TsT, s+>T\T
||sT {+ >
>& (Wall hanging)
dtyT |\\T, >TsT, s+>T \T, s
|]jT&T
llllmm
6e s> bs|D[
eT
d+K
n+X+
n+X+
e\dq ke
z]>$T
s+>T +, >TsT
||sT {+ >
}>|
#sT, s , >TsT
||sT {+ >
=]#T
#sT, s , >TsT
||sT {+ >
|&e
#sT, s , >TsT
||sT {+ >
<e<
#sT, s , >TsT
=C
#|
s+>T \T, >TsT
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
19
|]jT&T
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
7e s> bs|D[
eT
n+X+
d+K
1
z]>$T
2
||sT {+ >
```````
3 ` ` ` | |sT {+ >
4
||sT {+ >
5
||sT {+ >
6
||sT {+ >
n+X+
&
#| (Paper Mat)
q>\ u
u @qT>T
|P\+&
<+&
e\dq ke
s+>T +, >TsT
#sT, >TsT, s
#sT, >TsT, s
`
#sT, >TsT, s
s+>T \T, >TsT, s
s+>T \T, >TsT, s
|]jT&T
8e s>llllmm
bs|D[
eT
d+K
1
2
3
4
5
6
n+X+
||sT {+ >
||sT {+ >
||sT {+ >
||sT {+ >
||sT {+ >
||sT {+ >
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
n+X+
<+&
b{|y T
VQeT &u
+
^{+>sT\ | n\+sD
usT\ T
e\dq ke
s+>T \T, s , >TsT
qdt||sT , >TsT, s , s+>T\T
#sT, s , >TsT, ]H
s+>T \T, >TsT, s , <s+
s+>T \T, >TsT, s
s+>T \T, >TsT, s
20
|]jT&T
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
9e s> bs|D[
eT
d+K
n+X+
n+X+
e\dq ke
|]jT&T
d+
b, <s+, d~, s+>T\T
||sT {+ >
```````
3 ` ` ` qeTH\T
|e sYyC
s+>T\T, >TsT, s , qT|r> dq~
}jT\
#sT ` n
eTT, >TsT, s
2
1
>|
b qdt ||sT , >TsT, s , s+>T\T
n\+sD edTe \T
Door Hanging
s+>T\T eTT\T, <s+, d~, >TsT, s
||sT {+ >
+sus D +
s+>T\T, >TsT, s , <s+, d~, CT VQ

llllmm
10e s> bs|D[

eT
d+K
n+X+
n+X+
e\dq ke
|]jT&T
||sT {+ >
s+>T\T, #, >TsT, @<q H
>|
| +
b qdt ||sT , >TsT, s , s+>T\T
CesY
<X+
s+>T\T, >TsT, s , >{ neTT,
z]>$T
| \T, +Te\ <X+
s+>T\T, neTT, >TsT, s , >TsT
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
21
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $< - bs |D[
||{
s>
1 qT+& 10 s> T \T
||{ s+
n+X\T
keTs+
bs+
1
```````
```
=&T>T\T
>D + ,
\T>T
1 qT+& 10 es n+\ |]#jT +.

> jT+ b&&+ . `
n+\ |]#jT +
|\
=&T>T\T
d ||T
>D + ,
\T>T
|]ds\ $Cq+
>D +
HDeTT\ |]#jT +.
< > jT+ b&&+ .
|+&T ` s\qT >T]+ \TdTe&+.
#T sd+, Bs# T sd+, e+ ne>Vq.
<e+
>qT
ss \ |+&T, Ls>jT\T
$$< s\T
d ||T
|]ds\ $Cq+
n&$, |+|&T +Te\T, $$Tq |]#jT +.
yTT\T +Te\T, eTq Vs+ (&sY ==s )
d ||T
|]ds\ $Cq+
{._. (j
T y~)|llllmm
ne>Vq.
>*
d ||T
k+|T Xd+
d , |sTw deq ueq * +&&+ .
d, |sTw deq ~X> |jT q+
\T>T
bjT+ ` deTk |]cs keTs +.
+<\T *$ (d+V+ ` m\T)
d ||T
\T>T
#<T e ` q+~+#T
neT mesT?
\T ueT\T
\T>T
Ms><, J$#] , u\$yV+/ es +

n<T <
n\] dseTsE, <eTdt m&dH ,

d+dsD, =jT>Ts+
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d ||T
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d X, $< eX
|u<+
V#Y..$
10
=&T>T ||T Jeq H|D+
$\Te\T
|eT ` s D
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
22
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $< - bs |D[
d+^+
\T>T uc, d+^+, q+ ` bs\ d$T[ bs+X\T
|<+/ >jT+ b&T n_qsTT+# $T+ m+| #dq$. |]j T& $uqqT{ d+^ bs\qT nud+ #sTT+#*.
```````
```
1e s>
2e s>
3e s>
1. b<TH
2. w+
3. ne # Te
4. |T \T
5. |#T\T
6. \\|e\T
7. Ls\ deT
8. s+& s+& ss+&
9. }jT\b
10. \T >+ b
1. +e$ =sq
2. jT |X\T
3. CC\T
4. #|T jYT
5. { \eT
6. >+>e b\T (|<+)
7. q |yT q XTe
(|<+)
8. #+<eeT sy
9. >qT b
10. #eT # b
1. eT&T s+>T\T
2. #T
3. TyT
4. q |
5. <XeTTqTq |$T+#TeTH (b)
6. d \+ (X+) llllmm
7. | |s+T (yeTq X+)
8. $q<>THesT #|q (dTeTr
X+)
9. > +eT (Cq|< ^+)
10. ~ys+ H&T (yD)
1 qT+& 5 s> T \T
4e s>
5e s>
1. z s
2. n<+ ueT #&T
3. s+>T&T<eTT s+>V (yD)
4. d+H= |\ (yD)
5. |*&~ u>eeT (bq
u>e+)
6. XHs+ uT>XjTq+ (X+)
7. @ <XyTH jT+<T*&H
(sjTb\T)
8. `q
9. n|#Ty&T (dTeTr X+)
10. s\ sjT
1. |q
2. m>s\ +~
3. | ` T
4. sTjT$ jTTq]+q
5. \+ s deTT<sqj+
6. HsjTD HsjTD n n
7. |] qT|seTT
8. ~ $Twq n~ $Twq
9. eT+~s eqe\ ` +
b
10. u\\+ù*\+
1qT+ 5e s> es bsX \ |\\ \ |<s q\T #|+#+ e\qH me nse TesTT. y]~ Xdj
T d+^ $Cq+ nse TjT ejTdT<T. n+<Te\q
=+ X k<q qT, =+ s> bs+ > j\qT d+^ s|\ q #d e>*, bs ns+ #dT +, d+^ Cq+ L& b+<>\ sT. +<Td+ d+^ k<q qT
d& (&j ) <s $|+#>* b<jTTs\T XH bqT b& $<sT\ $|+#*. | sE |\\ # e+<es+ , <Xe TTqT |$T+#TeTH, q>DeTq,
e \T>T* yTT<q ^\qT, bsq ^\T> b&+#*. +<Td+ &j d& dV jT+ rdTy*.
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
23
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $< - bs |D[
d+^+
\T>T uc, d+^+, q+ ` bs\ d$T[ bs+X\T
|<+/ >jT+ b&T n_qsTT+# $T+ m+| #dq$. |]j T& $uqqT{ d+^ bs\qT nud+ #sTT+#*.
```````
```
6e s>
7e s>
1. ds ds\T`6 ds\T` 1. n\+s\T 7

ejTee>
2. ^\T 1G2 ( |]
` X+susD+
^+)
2. + ds\T ` 4 ds\T
3. <T ds\T ` 2 ds\T 3. 2 \* ^\T, 2 Cq|<
^\T
4. V#TksTT, >T kZ sTT ds\T
`4G4
5. 2 \* ^\T, 2 Cq<
^\T
6 qT+& 10 s> T \T
8e s>
9e s>
10e s>
1. 3 ^\T, ^ \D+
1. ^\T 2
1. ^\T 2
2. ds 1, ds \D+
2. yVq s> es+ , es \D + 2. yVq s> es+, es \D+
3. ds |\$ 1, ds|\$
3. > s ~eHeT+ 1, 3. >s ~eHeT+

e d+|<jT sq 1,
4. 2 \* ^\T, 2 Cq|< ^\T | s + < s < d T | < + 1, 1, e d+|<<jT sq 1,
llllmm
| s + < s < d T | < + 1,
HsjTDrs s+>+ 1
5. nqeTjT sq 1,
HsjTDrs s+>+ 1
seT<dT sq 1
4. 2 \* ^\T, Cq|<
4. 2 \* ^\T, Cq|< ^\T
^\T 2
2
5. , sq s#H \D\T
5. , sq s#H \D\T
6qT+ 10e s> es bsX \ |\\ \ |<s q\T #|+#+bT d+^+| ne>Vq *+#&, Xdj
T d+^ Cq+ |+b+~+#& w
#j *. { bs |d \ > j\qT, |<\qT b&&+ bT k Cq|< ^\qT (jT> q+, +<T u>e+ yTT$) d]+ b&& nud+ #sTT+#*. 6e s>
qT+& Xdj
T d+^ |]Cq+ |+b+~+#& d\dt |j >|& T T+~. 10e s> |Psj
T d] |\\ T d+^ |]CH * q $<qT b+<& n_sT
*qysT> m<T>TsT. { bsX \ d+^ |]jT& | n+X\qT k<q #sTT+#& w #j *. +<Td+ b<jTT d+^ |]Cq+bT |DT
sb+~+q d.&\qT $|d $$< d+^ |jT \| #]d d+^+ Hs*. d+^+bT n_qjT+ #jT &+ L& Hs e#T. k sT\ de\qT L& $j+#Ty*.
d+^ bs+ |\\ T kV+| n_sT , $\Te\| >se+ *qysT> m<T>TsT. <s eTq d+d, d+|<j\qT b&T>\T>T+.
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
24
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
6 qT+& 10 s>T\ es Hs*q |<\T, X\T, Cq|< ^\T

\T>T uc d+dT\qT |_+_+#$ |<\T, X\T, Cq|< ^\T yTT<q kV |jT\T. d+^, kV $&Bd #&eTT. n+<Te\ kV
|]eT\qT d+^+ *| |\\T k~+|Cd #jT& Hs e\dq =+{ C_ & +~. nsTT, C_ n+X\ eyT b<jTT\T |]$T+
e*q neds+ <T. y] n_sT#T\T, d\ yTs eT] n+X\qT d]+ L& |\\ Hse#T.
X\T:
eD
MD eTT|\jT+r+
```````
```
lyDsCsjT <<
z+ dVHueT dVH uTq
|$DjT k<H+ (eT]= u>eBZ X\T)
>TsT' V >TsT' $w
|<\T:
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qT <\+ |deTT #+H
ne eTqT ~q+> H XeH? j=+{H?
qT V<w\ dKeTTH, XeDeTTH, <deTTH
eT+<seTs+< e<TseTTq<\T eT<T|+T ueH
eT<qeTT\
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n\ y+s |s+T....
d]+ C|&T`
y=+jTT <T
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>=&T>, <y, eT+&\Ty
s sE\T? seTT >\T>y?
++, eT&+jT, eT]jTT < $+
s$_++T|$T+|
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
llllmm
25
uT $<s+uT $ <sT
e be&e e dsT+&e
efe |sT seTT\ y=jsyT kqH
+{H H{ qT e#qeTT
q\y&T |< qjTq+T\y&T
eT >*q d] >\T>TqT....
|TqT& udTsT&>H
q$T H eTq+Tq
<e]H V] |+&j&
s uwDT&T` (qqjT)
sTe<T >TsTe< u+<e\H (qqjT)
<Tss<eT uV$eT` q
eseTTq T{H use+XeTT C (q)
H] bH] sT L{ H&T` lH<T&T
BHs+\` lH<T&T
d]>\y #\TqT` lH<T&T
n# $|\T yT#s\` n\k |<q
n+# u$TdTsT&T` n\k |<q
qqT ueBjT <dT` q+~ eTq
eTVeTH y>qTXdqT+&T` seTs uwDT&T
#<Te]q |+&<eTT\T` <s{
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
Hk HsT rjTq jT>T ` yTT\

>+>d+>eT$T#+#TH, eT~H >y] <y]>` H* seTw &T
><e beH<s` $XH< dHsjTD
neTser |DeTTq u<T\T $X$<\eTT\T` sjTb\T dTuse
n~> <s` sT| y+ e\T
C+&| |sE`
@ ```````
|<eTTq E[+#H eT<Te |H <$` ||] HsjTD#sT\T
```
H $e<{` Cwy
|<\+<T <s>TD eTT+ d+|<\+<T *jTTH` uds X+
s+_+|sT #eqe\T ` us V] X+
e b\T ` V] +u s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 134 ` & neds\

nqdjT <$
|H+&T <H\T ` V] +u s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 143 ` & neds\
nqdjT <$
zsTT ue\ e ` V] +u s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 163 ` &
neds\ nqdjT <$
=+& u& ` V] +u s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 180 ` & neds\
nqdjT <$
` ue ue |sT
>=\y] y&\
&ujT \#eT~
Cq|< >j\T:
ue ^\T
d]d] eTTy ` l s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 16 ` & neds\ nqdjT <$
jT q |jT q ` ue ^\T, | 3 ` wXd
ysT sT ` quse s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 24 ` & neds\
s+& <jT#jT+& |<\T ` ue ^\T, | 21 ` wXd
nqdjT <$
n&T>T<sTT ` ue ^\T, | 34 ` wXd
eke+f |\> ` quse s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 39 ` & nedsllllmm
\
|&e q&T|eTT s<] ` ue ^\T, | 55 ` wXd
nqdjT <$
ysTT+|sTT eTTs ` ue ^\T, | 103 ` wXd
+&q +& >{ ` quse s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 42 ` & neds\
sT\ ` ue ^\T, | 149 ` wXd
nqdjT <$
H ` ue ^\T, | 156 ` wXd
n+ H #\T ` #y s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 67 ` & neds\
eT<<jT+ ` ue ^\T, | 159 ` wXd
nqdjT <$
eTqdTq sTeTu ` ue ^\T, | 186 ` wXd
|dujTe ` #y s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 89 ` & neds\
neT<=+> qT ` b\>T$T $XH<+
nqdjT <$
eTqkjTs e<y ` Xs< nXesH
>=_ T<eTTss ` #y s>+ ` Cq|< >j\T, | 108 ` & neds\
k>Te z *yT|Te ` d.HsjTD s&
nqdjT <$
z eTV z eTV] ` l l
m+{ y&jYT w&T ` quse s>+ ` Cq|< >j \T, | 119 ` &
&qe e&T ` ||] HsjTD#sT\T
neds\ nqdjT <$
b++~ ><e] ` n&$ u|sE
V V` X+sus D s>+ ` Cq|< > j\T, | 131 ` & neds\ nqdjT
\+& |P<+& ` <Xs~
<$
#s *|q |\T\ Hr| \T>T
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
26
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $< - bs |D[
H+
1 qT+& 5 s>T\T
.d+.
e+
```````
```
bs+X+
#|e\dq
|]jT&
D =s $$sD
1.
+eTT
\, #T\T yTT<q Xs nejTy\qT n_qjT+

m $qj+#y *jTCjT +.
10
H+ >T]+q #sY\T, M&j d.&\ <s #|+#*.

M{ #sT\T, M&j d.&\T |j+#*.
2.
y#eTT
HeTT > y+ D |+#*.
10
y#_qjT+ Dy*.
3.
bs+ n+X+
@<H bs+ rdT, < q >j\

nqTd+<q+ #jT&+.
15
bs|d+ q >j\ dsyTq u+eT\ n_qjT+

Hs*.
4.
bs|d+ n+X+ d+es+ H]q n+X\+{

eTs\ Hs*. b{\T sV+ VQeTT\T y*.
llllmm
10
bs|d+ >j\b s Cq|< >j\T

d]+ y{ $<sT\ q+ #sTT+#*.
u~]+#&+ L& V+djT. V+d e\ @ e CsTTr|sT&T> eseTT.
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
27
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T, k+d $< - bs |D[
H+
6 qT+& 10 s> T \T
8e s>
6e ```````
s>
7e s>
1. q d++~+q yjeT+,
b<$T n&T>T\T, qeTks $~
(nseTT dV)
2. + + u T eq+ X + (| + #
u e TT\ d e Tqj T + # d
n_qjT+) e
3. u < $ X + (u e+< q +)
nsdV+>
4. due+<q+ ` nsdV+>
5. HsTq b<$T n&T>T\qT
esTd eT+ XeTT>
< dseTT> |\$ b&
n+X e TT H ] +#*. (<:
X|\$/ ds |\$)
6. bs | d + @< Cq| < /
<Xu >j +< q+
Dy*.
1. # T s d > 5 T \T, 3 1. |+#>` T\

rsDeTT\T
T\T`rsDeTT\T
2. dseTT
2. $HjT eTT
3. XeTT (<e d++<+>/ s
3. |c+* (qb<q+)
d++<+>)
3. ds (<: ssyDT>b\)
(bs |d + @< <e + >T]+
4. d<+|s+>
>, sE\ > T ]+>
n+Xellllmm
TTq# nqTd+<+#*)
n) VdeTq>H$T? $esD
) d+jTT, nd+jTT VdeTT\ 4. u d++<yTq sq
|]#jT+
5. #T]<_qjTeTT\ |]#jT+
) q, q, H, n_qjT+\ 6. nqe#s sq < seT<dT
s#H\T (>TsTe >sH #d
sq q+
# | + # e # T < M& j \ 7. d+jTT, nd+jTT VdeTT\
<sHH #|+#e#T )
|sT, y{ |<]+# $<q+,
5. Cq|< q+ (yTTCq )
XeTT (n_qjT <sDeTTqT
nqTd]+)
6. u > e + | < +`n_ q j T +
(q\y&T |<qjTqeTT\y&T) 8. Cq|< q+ (q+&] duse
>]~)
```
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
28
9e s>
10e s>
1. d+ nq>H$T? k
d++~+q q+X+
(bsr<$ d++~+q~)
2. +&eeTq>H$T? +&e+q
d + +~ + q eTTq
d + +~ + q n+X + (e
d++~+q~)
3. qedseTT\ |sT (XeTT)
4. <sejTD sq
5. Ce[ (n_qjT+)
6. Cq|< q+
7. |<eTTq n_qjT+
(eTqT# ] ~ + \ T
qT\T+&)
8. ]q qeTT (\+u&)
9. u s r j T Xd j T q eTT\
> T ]+ | ] # j T + (M& j \
<s)
1. HsjTDrsT\ s+>+
2. nqe#s sq
3. seT<dT sq
4. &qe ee
(||] HsjTD#sT\T
5. +&qT +& f (Cq|<
q+)
6. +<]q q+ (~+k/
jT)
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\ T ` k+d $< ` bs |D[
s+>d\ e< eT+ (~jT sY)

1, 2 s> T \
| <qT\T ` nqTsD
|\T, +Te\T, yVH\T yTT<>Ty{ <*\qT, XeTT\qT nqT]+#T.
nuk\T:
1. q q <\T #| y{ eq |\, +Te\ Xu\qT, <*\qT |<]+#&+.
2. ] n<+ |_++>, eTs=] |>H, +Te>H +, MsT #d #s\qT |_++ nqT]+# #jT&+.
3. eT nqT>TD+> eTwyTq |>H, +Te>H Xs ~*+#&+.
4. | |sT>, +Te |sT> #| |\\T y{ d++~+q Xu\qT, <*\qT #|+# #jT&+.
ns\T ` |\T& (\T>T bs+ e~]> +& s+>d\ n_qjT $<qT <w +#T= n_qjT b<q+> |\\ u>keT+ Hs*).
n#T\T ` V\T\T ` >TD+eTT\qT H]+#&+.
|\\ ns\ |sT |{ |\e&+.
n eq |\\ # ys ns\qT |*+ |sTq y e# #jT&+.
ns\qT neTT\ MT< sd y{ &u yd &u eTT+<T eTT>TZsT |\\ qT+ n qT+ m es ns\qT rdT = esd> |seT #| eTT>TZsT
|\\ m qT+& n' es #sTT+#&+. q n s\qT L& eTT>TZsd |\\ #sTT+#&+.
ns\qT neTT\ MT< sd y{ |\\ yT&>, uTC> yd yqT ns eT+ +& s\T+& #d.... ns eT+ s\T+& es\ #|
#sTT+#&+ .
n s\T +& e] |jDdTqT> #sTT+, dwH | + |\\ |sT |{ |* n |\e> jT=q |\\ yT& q ns\qT sT\T |*
#jT &+.
b<T| #jTe\dq # KsT #jT. KsT #jTe\dq # b<T| #jT.

\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
29
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
3e s>
jT<sqTsD (ydy <>Zs> nqT]+#&+)
|\ q&\T, <qT\T, +Te\, yVqeTT\
<*\qT ydy <>Zs> nqT]+#&+.
|\\T eT Xs jT<#> <*dT+&>
| < +Te < yVq+ |sT #| <
Xs <*d Xu\qT e&+.
eT $$< +Te\, |\ Xu\qT
$|d y{ e Xs <*\qT #jT&+.
ueT\qT #|d, |\\ <\T #|&+.
|$<+> #|q < |, +T edt\qT
| \ \ =& < # T T +& > | \ \ T
n_qsTT+# #jT&+.
sT#T\T nqTuT\T
qT+&s\qT |\\T H #jT&+, sy
q $<H, qT+&s+ +> H
|\\T #|+# #jT&+. n #d +>
q|{ nqTu |<]+# #jT&+.
ds |<\T ` T\T.
bs|d\ $$< dyX\qT, n+X\qT
n_qsTT+|Cj
*.
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
4e s>
@>, |]o\q, C|X.
= edTe\qT |\\ #|+ y{ n<
eT+ #| #jT&+.
= bdsT, guestures |{\ qT+
>eT+# #d sy nqT]+# #jT &+.
|\\qT d] (e\js+) Ls=u{
| ] |sTqT ywyTq |\+ |sT
#|+#*. sy | s q |qTq
sTe] wyTq |+& |sT #b*.
ss \ uy\ y>, |<>
|*+#&+.
eT nqT>TD+> Xs ~*+#&+.
d+jTTs\T, ~s\T.
|<|sq+, ><|sq+.
bs |d \ $$< dyX\qT, n+X\qT
n_qsTT+|Cj
*.
30
5e s>
@> ` |]o\q ` C|X
ueT\qT #|+ <qT n* #|
#sTT+#&+ .
eT <s y>+ >, yT\>, eT]+ yT\>
Xs <*\qT |<]+#&+.
|\\= deTd y dH <s
|]w]+# #jT &+.
nud+` s +&T bf & =+TqT Xs\T
+& C>> <s+ b{d #jT&+.
eT nqT>TD+> Xs ~*+#&+.
|< |sq+ ` >< |sq+ ` X |sq+
bs |d \ $$< dyX\qT, n+X\qT
n_qsTT+|Cj
*.
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
6e s>
Xs+
d+^ <qT\ <s+> Xs
<*\T.
Xs <* \qT eTT }V+q
edTe\qT |<]+#&+.
eTqdT
|]o\q, @>, C|X|
nuk\T
+sds+
nsd] |<+, ><+, X+
#<e &+.
|sd s |]#jT +, <\ T #| &+.
bs | d \ $$<
d y X \qT, n+X\qT
n_qsTT+|Cj
*.
7e s>
8e s>
Xs+
d+^ <qT\ <s+> Xs <*\T.
Xs <*\ <s eTT }V+q edTe\qT
|<] +#&+ .
Cq|< q\T.
eT_qjT+ (yTyT).
eTqdT
|]o\q, @>, C|X, }VX| nuk\T.
+sds+
nsd ] #<y \+f Xd |jT MT< |Tk~+#&+
neds+. +<Td+ bDjeT |jT\T #j*.
<s nsd] |<+, ><+, X+ #<e&+.
|sds |]#jT+, keTV+> <\T #|&+. Be\
sT\T #| d+uwD\ nqTL\+> e{&&+
n\yeT+~.
bs | d \ $$< d y X \qT, n+X\qT
n_qsTT+|Cj
*.
Xs+
s+q d+^ <qT\ nqTL\+> Xs <*\T
#jT &+.
sT (k) < +<+ (>|t)> Cq|< q\T
#jT &+.
eT_qjT+ (yTyT) |<]+#&+.
eTqdT
|]o\q, @>, C|X, }VX| nuk\T.
n_qjT deTd\T (action problems)qT ns+ #dT e&+.
qq n+X\qT C&+ n_qsTT+#&+
(improvisation)
+sds+ eT]jTT #sD

nsd ] #<y \+f Xd |jT MT< |Tk~+#&+
neds+. +<Td+ bDjeT |jT\T #j*.
<s nsd] |<+, ><+, X+ #<e&+.
|sd s |]#jT +, keTV+> <\ T #| &+. Be\
sT\T #| d+uwD\ nqTL\+> e{&&+
n\yeT+~.
@b\T, ~b_qj\T #jT&+.
bs|d\ $$< dyX\qT, n+X\qT
n_qsTT+|Cj
*.
dTKd+c\H$ ] e # y{| <s|& +{sTT. n+ y] qT+& e |#TH y{| <T.

\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
31
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
9e s>
10e s>
Xs+
s+q d+^ <qT\ nqTL\+> Xs <*\T #jT&+.
sT (k) < +<+ (>|t)> Cq|< q\T #jT&+.
sT>, <sT> < +<+> eT_qjT+ (yTyT) |< ]+#&+.
eTqdT
|]o\q, @>, C|X, }VX| nuk\T.
n_qjT deTd\T (action problems)qT ns+ #dTe&+.
k<sD, T|syTq, b|syTq qq n+X\qT C&+ n_qsTT+#&+
(improvisation).
+sds+ eT]jTT #sD
nsd] #<y\+f Xd |jT MT< |Tk~+#&+ neds+. +<Td+
bDjeT |jT \T #j *. <s nsd ] |< +, >< +, X+ #<e &+.
|sd s |]#jT +, keTV+> <\ T #| &+. Be\ sT \T #| d+uwD\
nqTL\+> e{&&+ n\yeT+~.
@b\T, ~b_qj\T, >*\T (skits) |<]+#&+.
\|TTH{\T, 40 $Tc\ &$>\ H{\ q{+&+.
nqT+< n+X\| ne>Vq
s+>d\ sD+, n\+sD
<TdT\T, yT|t yTe\T
bs|d\ $$< dyX\qT, n+X\qT n_qsTT+|Cj*.
Xs+
s +q d+^ < qT\ nqTL\+> Xs <* \T #jT &+.
sT (k) < +<+ (>|t)> Cq|< q\T #jT&+.
sT>, <sT> < +<+> eT_qjT+ (yTyT)
|<] +#&+ .
eTqdT
|]o\q, @>, C|X, }VX| nuk\T.
n_qjT deTd\ (action problems)qT ns+ #dTe&+.
k<sD, T|syTq, b|syTq, dyX|syTq q q
n+X\qT C&+ n_qsTT+#&+ (improvisation).
+sds+ eT]jTT #sD
nsd ] #<y \+f Xd |jT MT< |Tk~+#&+ neds+ .
+<Td+ bDjeT |jT\T #j*. <s nsd]
|<+, ><+, X+ #<e&+.
|sd s |]#jT +, keTV+> <\ T #| &+. Be\ sT \T
#| d+uwD\ nqTL\+> e{&&+ n\yeT+~.
@b\T, ~b_qj\T, >*\T (skits) |<]+#&+.
nqT+< n+X\| ne>Vq
s+>d\ sD+, n\+sD
<TdT\T, yT|t yTe\T
bs |d \ $$< dyX\qT, n+X\qT n_qsTT+|Cj
*.
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
32
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
k+d $< ` bs |D[
~jT sY ` nqT+<+
eT d+K
1
|< H+X+
$Xw D
se TT\T
Xs , eqd y 1. nqTsD
n+X\ e s D
2. b<$ T uy eTTK e[\T
|sd s uee s D
nqT+<+
\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
1. $$< s\ +Te\T, edTe \T, #\H\qT nqT]+#&+
3. y d++< n+X\ e s D
2. s+>d\ qq eTTK e[\T |<qyTq$, d+uwD\T, esD\T

b+> +&*.
1. b<$ T ksTT d+y<\T

2. ueT\ *d |#jT &+
3. bsVD (Role Drama)
4. d<qq (Improvise)
5. <\ T #| &+ (Story telling)
6. b sVD (Role Playing)
7. H+ ` bs+X+
1. q q <\ qT e\ e ] +#&+
2. ueT\qT|j + <\ T #| &+
3. b sVD
4. |\\ qT >T+|\T> #d q q b\qT y] q $<+ > |<] +#eTq&+
5. q q <\ T #| &+
6. $$< s\ b\qT $Tw\+ q{+#&+
7. ys Subject n+X\qT HjT +> #| &+
1. bs|d+ $\T, <\T, |<\T,

Cq| < s s b \T y T T< q y
H] +#&+ .
2. yde d+|T q\ Hs D
3. b<$ T ksTT H s#q
4. q q <X\qT Rehearsals #dT e&+,
|<] +#&+
5. s+>d\ n\+sD , yT|t yT e\T
1. bs+X+ <\ qT |\\ $&$&> |<] +|#j

T &+. <T |] |<s q|
#s
2. J$+ yde d+|T \qT H] +#&+
3. qq H{\ qT s+#&+
4. s+q y{ Rehearsals #jT &+, |<] +#&+
5. s+>d d<+ #jT &+. { + >, yT d{+ > #jT &+, |<s q nedsy T q
edTk eT j sT #jT &+, yT|t #jT &+.
33
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
\T>T uc $d+ ` $< se\T
eTq #] ` d+d ` kV+

| eqe deC q<q #], d+d +T+~. n~ y] ywuw\T, |+&T>\T, #seeVs\ eeTe +T+~. #]qT, d+d dJe+> +
sy s\ n+~+#+<T kV+ |]dT+~. H{s + |\\ eTq #], d+dT\| ne>Vq +&&+ <T. n+<T# bX b&\ $w d+d |\T+~.
eTq \T, kV+, #seeVs\| >seue+ |+b+~+|Cj\+f e bsX\ $< u>+ y*. |\\T HsTy*.
d\dt n+X\T:
|dT<T\T, >TZ<\T, V]<\T, Ts<\T, +<Tu>e+, jT>q+ e+{ sb\T eTq bNq d+d, k+|<j\qT b&T+ edTHsTT. eTq
m+ dTd+|qyTq Cq|< kV+ +~. n<$<+> n<TyTq kV+ +~. eT+ |<\T, X\T, kyT\T, b&T|<\T, #] <\T, kVd><\T, <
$wj\T, H$\Te\ >T]+ |d|sq+ #sTT+#*. | n+X\| <s#q, $s#q, yds#q #sTT+#&+ <s eTq #], d+dr kV\| d<e>Vq \T>TT+~.
\T>T uc_e~ d+ sV+#<q $< se\ $es\T:

bsX\ dsdr >+<\j\ @sT.
bsX\ ksTT qT+& sh ksTT es \T>T e, yds#q, |<<sD, |< $+, e#q $+, ed<sD b{\ sVD.
\T>T uc $d se\qT n&$T +&sY eed+ #jT&+.
\T>T $Cq +<\T, $< D d+d\ <s k \T>T uc d+dT\| sV+# se\ bZq&+.
ys+ |<+ |] | ys+ bsX\ |< |\\+<] <sD *+#&+.
eTq e\T ` y\T o]q bsX\ ksd d+|T deyX\ #s\T sV+#&+.
k \T, sT\qT >T]+ bsX\\ V+ ne>Vq se\T sV+#&+.
|d]> CrjT ~Hy\T, eTTK ~Hy\ d+<s+> bsX\ k+d se\T sV+#&+.
dseT deyX #{ #|+<T dseT bsH s eT+ sV+#&+.
bsX\ ys+ sEqT \T>T uc ~q+> |{+ \T>TH e{& #jT&+ (\T>s e<eT bsX\).
ksTT, bsX\ksTT eTq uw ` eTq jd |] k uc |<C\+| sX\\T sV+#&+.
ksTT, bsX\ksTT \T>T uc $k #f+<T |\\ |qT sV+#&+.
eT+q+, >=|q+ nH$ d+|< <T, s&+sH HsTT.

\T ` k+d$< bs|D[
34
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
$\Te\$< ` JeqH|D\T
bs |D[ 1 qT+& 10 s> T \T
sw $<, |]X<q, D d+d

V<su<T
$\Te\$<`JeqH|D\T bs|D[
35
35 35
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
sb+~+q ysT
& |. jTBsY s&, $X+ |<H#sT\T, $< D d+d`deTqjTs.
l = <X|se, $X+ |Hd\T, nTq $< n< jTq d+d.
leT .sY.{. m. Css, |Hd\T, mdt.d..sY.{. V<su<.
l m. \Dse, d ndd+{, +q>sY.
l $. XsYuT, \T>T |+&Y, n+sY|, V<su<.
l jTdt. s|syT, b<j&T, >+<d], >T+sT.
leT e+^|s+ ds\, b<sTT, b|{d+, |eT ><e].
l \>+ syVH, b<jTT&T, eTT<, ~u<T.
leT |. e<$, \T>T |+&Y, usrjT $<ueH, V<su<T.
leT . dT\, \T>T |+&Y, H\sT.
leT . ds<$, b<s, >+>|PsY, eTVu q>sY.
$wjT|DT\T, m&{+>
l dTes$HjT
uc bs|d\ ]HsY
sw $<, |]X<q, D d+d
V<su<T.
l $. q Msu<T&T
n&wq &ssY
]q d+eT XK, +.|.
V<su<T.
& mH. |+<sYs&

sw $<, |]X<q, D d+d
V<su<T.
d\V<sT\T
eTTK d\V<sT\T
l . >bs&
d+#\\T
sw $<, |]X<q, D d+d
V<su<T.
leT $. csD, .m.mdt.

MTwqsY, bsX\ $<
V<su<T
+<|<X
36
36 36
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
eTT+<Te
$< eTw eTw> es*. eTw q eqe| $\Te\qT y *rd deVw>, d+|PsyTq e> r]~<*. $# D k++> sj\T rdTH
VT<yTq bsT> jsT#j*. @~ eT+? @~ #&T? nH $#D n+s |u<+ |s+ |e]+#>*> #j*. nsTT, $< s]+#*q nTeT se+
H&T #s j+X+> e]+~. @ H $H $\Te\T n&T>+TTHjT, $<\\ k<q |Xs e TeTq<H $eTs y\TyT T q~. $< ybsyT eqe d++<\qT
<rd$<+> es&+ +<q *+# n+X+. | |see~> esT\T, s+ ||+#+> $< sb+s+ #+<&+ nH ny+#jT |]dT\ <]rdTq~.
d+<s+ $< se*q esT\T @$T{? #|{*q d+dsD \T @$T{? |\\ qT+& eTq+ @+ dTH+? nH \ |X\T qeTeTHsTT. $< b~ deT
u$+H n++f |<qyTq~ |\\qT $\Te\T *q e\T> r]~<&+. +<Td+ +~ |X\ >T]+ +#*q nedse TT+~.
$\Te\T n+f @$T{?

$\Te\ m+<T qdTHsTT?
$\Te\T |+b+<& && n+X\T @$T{?
$\Te\T |+b+~+#& $<|s+> #|{*q #s\T @$T{?
$\Te\T m n_e~ #+<TsTT?
$\Te\T |+b+<jT >T]+#&+/ n+#H yjT&+ m?
M{ |+b+~+#&+ b<jTT\ u<\T, bsX\\ b @$T{?
H{ |]dT\ bsX\ $<qT |P]> d+d]+#*q neds+ @s&+~. +<Td+ bsX\ $< $\Te\ $<qT eTTKyTq $wjT+> |yX|{*q neds+
\|&+~. >+ qT+& L& $\Te\ $< nH~ bsX\ neT\T sT>TTq|{ ~ HeTe+>H $T*+~. |\T, esT\T, s+\ ||+#+ $\Te\ $<qT
eTTKyTq $wjT+> >T]+#&+ <T. M{ {sTT+q |]jT qT |\ d<+ #jT& |j+#T+THsT. |\ \ d+ <\T, >j\T, d]<jTyTq
e\ J$#]\T n+~+#be&+ e\ |\ $\Te\bT d+d, d+|<j\| >seue+ >Z |e<+ L& @s&+~. {y] eT u \T, b\T,
#s\T, eTT# q+<+> >&| |\\T s+\T, |\ e\ eT{ y] b{<sT\T> #d <Td H\=q~. M{ n~ >$T+#& sh |uT+ $\Te\ $<qT
eTTKyTq d> |yX|{\ ssTT++~. +<Td+ eTq sh+ sh $<|D[ |]~ |+`2011 <s+> $\Te\$<`JeqH|D\T nH |sT <s|
sh $< |]X<q D d+d sb+~++~.
B <s+> $\Te\$<`JeqH|D\TqT >T]+ 1e s> qT+& 10e s> es |\\ u~+#T bs |D[qT (d\dt) sb+~+#sT. bs
|D[ $\Te\$<`JeqH|D\ eX, |<q $\Te\T` \ ueq\T, $\Te\$<`JeqH|D\T, k<H ePV\T, s> y> bs|D[\T e+{ $wj\qT
b+<T|]#sT.
37
37 37
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
s>y> b+<T|]q bs|D[ |<q $\Te, Hs*q $\Te, |jT, d bs+X\qT #ssT. M{ <s+> b<jTT\T s>y> k~+#*q
keTs\qT k~+#& w #jTe#T. M{ >T]+ |D[<+> {sTT+q |]jT eT]+ u> u<Hudq |jT\T sV+#& d bs+X\ L&q
b<jTT\ sB|qT L& sb+~dTHsT. |\ |+b+~#*q |<q $\Te\qT |]o*<+.
|<q $\Te\T:
1. d#
2. d+|> J$+#&+
3. o\ sD+
4. Jeq H|D\T
5. u< eV+#&+ ` $~ sVD
6. b<T| #jT&+
7. s> $\Te\T
8. d+dr d+|<j\ | >se+
9. |sesD |]sD
10. XdjT <<+
11. HjT+, d+
12. X+/ *dyT*d J$+#&+, nV+d
13. XeT $\Te

14. dy ue+
15. deq+, k<sue+, d\| >se+
16. CrjT ueq, <Xu
17. + ` eTkeTsd+
18. |CkeT $\Te\| >se+ ` #sD
|q *|q |< q $\Te\ <s+> s> y> k~+#*q |$\Te\ $es\qT bs |D[ #ssT. nsTT bsX \ $< |Psj
T d] $\Te\$<`JeqH| D\T
d <s |\\T +~ keTs\qT k~+#*. n$
k~+#*q keTs\T:
1. eT+ ` #&T $#D Cq+, desq
2. sC+> $\Te\T, eqeV\T, u\\ V\T b{+#&+
3. dVq+ <jT, <qTu yTT<\>T e> $\Te\T
4. Jeq H|D\T (ue |ks, ke, <> H|D\T) #H H|D\T
5. b<jTT\T, dV<jTT\T, bsX\, de+ |uT dT\ | dsq yKsT\T * +&&+.
b<jTT\ u<\T:
b<jTT\T CsD eT\d+u\+{ysT nH $wjT+ <s |\\ n_e~ >T]+ b<jTT\ b<q qT eTq+ ns+ #dTe#T. $\Te\ >T]+
b<jTT\ kqTL\ <<+ +&*. b<jTT\T eT k+|<jT u<H$<H\ kq+ |\\T d#> bZH, |s#, +#, sj\T
rdTH, rdTq sj\| deT]+ e{& jsT #j*. u~+# d @<q|{ y{ n+sZ+> <eq $\Te\qT |\\T >V+# #s\T sV+#*.
|]dT\qT, deTd\qT $Xw+ sj\T rdTH b<jTT\T bV+#*.
38
38 38
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
b<jTT\T <s+> +&*. +<Td+ b<jTT\T |\\ eT+ d++<\T * +&&+, deTjTb\q, e> eTD b{+#&+, *d |#jT&+,
]H=sT >s$+#Te&+, eT+ |esH yKsT\T, kqTL\ <<\T * <s+> J$+#&+ yTT<\>Ty{ <s |\\ esZ<s\T y*. |\ $\Te\qT
\e++> sT<&+, b{+#eT & #jT&+ e+{$ #jT+& |\\T $\Te\ >T]+ +#, #]+ sj\ e#, HsTq $\Te\qT #]+#&
dq<T\jT #j*. b<jTT&T djT nHwD\ $\Te\| <w * +&*. |\\ nqTuy\qT, d+|Tq\qT #|+#& +, #]+#&+ <s $\Te\T |\\T eT+yT
>V+# eV\qT @ssT#T= neT\T#j*.
$\Te\$< ` JeqH|D\ eT+q+:

|\\ deT> n_e~ $\Te\T, yKsT\T, d\T, n_sT#T\T L& eTTKyTq$. |\\qT $$< bs $wj\ eT+q+ #dqf $\Te\$<`Jeq H|D\
k<q >T]+ L& eT+q+ #j*. $\Te\$<`JeqH|D\ +< s+q keTs\ = keTs 10esT\ #=|q yTT+ 50esT\T {sTT+#*. M{
s | +&<T. |]o\q\T, bsYb*j\T, nHT e+{ k<H\ <s s+s+> deT>+> eT+q+ #j*. |\\ |> m|{|&T n+#H yd d+>VD
eT+q+ u>+> esT\ <s+> >&+> y* +T+~. |<q+> |\\T M{ n\esTe&+ >, neT\T|s&+ >, #]+#&+ > d+|s+>
+<? k<sD+> +<? HeTe+> +<? nH >TDyTq yK\ <s |\\ |> >T]+#* +T+~.
bsX\\ b ` u<:
bsX\\T $\Te\ +<+> +&*. +<Td+ $\Te\T |+b+~+#& nqTyq se\T bsX\ neT\T s>*. bsX\ $< se\bT
ke se\T, dyse\T sV+#&*. bsX\ ]> se\ de duT\T, de+ ]> se\ bsX\ duT\T u>keTT\T y*.
$<sT\ |> bsX\ ]> deyX #]+#*.
eTT+|:
$\Te\$<`JeqH|D\T bs|D[ b<jTT\ ~XsX+ #dT+< dTH+. B |s=q d bs+X\bT n<q+> bsX\ >+<\jT
|d\T, e>CqT, ys|\T, <X XeD keT e+{y{ |j+#Ty*. b<jTT\T eTT <s+> + bsX\ bs+X\ <s+> |\T se\qT
neT\T|s#&+ <s, bs|D[ n+X\+{ deTs+> neT\T#d +q |*\qT k~+ $<sT\qT eT bsT\T> r]~<Ts dTH+.
d+XjTeTT\T qHe]+q|&T, d+eTT\T d+b|yTq|&T, sX sTVeTT\T +q|&T HqT u>eBZqT s # kqT.

n+<T @< X+ qqs&dT+~. MTsT $ jTsT> neT\ Cq u+&s+ u>eBZ.
` >+BJ
{ Jy\| eTq+ d+ #|e\dq <j_eH\qT #|b $TeT* sTD+#eT, os~+#eT sp MTsT #d <e bsq
<+&>
39
39 39
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
$wjT d
1.
$\Te\ $<, Jeq H|D\T ` eX
7`9
2.
|<q $\Te\T ` \ ueq\T
10 ` 13
3.
$\Te\ $<, Jeq H|D\ k<q ` ePV\T
14 ` 16
4.
$\Te\ $<, Jeq H|D\T ` s> y> bs |D[ 17 ` 31

1e s>
2e s>
6e s>
7e s>
8e s>
9e s>
10e s>
3e s>
4e s>
5e s>
40
40 40
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
1. $\Te\ $<, JeqH|D\T ` eX

eqe\T d+|TJe\T n+<T ysT eTqTL\+>H d+w deC ]+#THsT. eed sVD $<H, *dT> eTqT>& k+#>*q d L&
ne>Vq, $XdjT\T neds+. B d$Tw+, |sds<] uy\T L& neds+. { eqe deC\ qyT]q y<j>yTq |esH jTee[ neds+.
eTq+ sTq $<+> eTq+ |e]+#+. nsTTq|{ de+ eTqT>& k+#\ sT+{+. | deC < |]dT\L nqT>TDyTq djT H jTee[
+T+~. H jTe\ VQ L& n+q+> = y ~ eT& jTe\T +{sTT.
d\T eTq q&e& esZ<s+> +& jTe\T { |\\T L& y{ [+| #dTe&yT deT+d+. H_e~ n+f = +<q\ deTT<j
nqTd]+#&y mes @ssq <sqeTH\ |s+ q&#T e&y <T. H_e~ n+f | d+<s+q dsq sD \TdT>\>&+, < |s+ q&T#T>\
keTs+ * +&&+. H #q n_e~ qT rdTujT sjT+ (m+|) qT VsTT> +&>*> keTs+, n m+| #dTe&+ q qT |X++>
+&>*> keTseT +{sTT. n~ H> #bsT { H qT #dTHqT nH ueq ~ $sT<+. n+<T# e qqT X+ kU\ +&yT H_e~
ks+X+. e\T | K+> #jTb @< $<+> >TseeTH, +< >TseeTH, s<sD >TseeTH eTT VT<eT m+#Tq esZ+
q&T#T+{sT. n+f Bqs+ y] | d+<s+q q&|+# sjT+ rdTH #d +s+ jTee[ ysT * +{sT. m+| rjTTq ysT d+#
< @u$+#e#T, $u~+#e#T.
H&T n deC\q | J$s+>+q nX+ H\= +~. n deC\ |C J$\q H $\Te\ |H, |]bTq & eTq+ dw+>
#&>\T>TTH+, >T]+#>\T>TTH+. B de+ | \ #q|P]yTq H_e~ |+#&+ nH~ =+es sD+ e#T. esT\T sEH
d+es+H eq$ e. eTq J$\ d+jTeTqs, deTT eT+> D+#&yT B sD+. y{ kq+ $eTjTy<+, <TsX, <|& #T#dTHsTT. y{ s
|*yT de+ nu<ue+, n|qeT+, $qyTq T+ueed, T\qT neTT& b& es{, ybs eTjTyTq $<eed, |C |kse<e\T B
res+ #dTHsTT.
+<|<X |]d |q #|q y{MT _q+> <T. < X+ s b+\ |]d L& > +~. k $u<\T, ndeq\ bT eTq b+rjT, ]
ndeq\T, |sT>TTq nHs>syTq b{, J$+ | n+XeT ybseTjT+ e&+ L& HsTT. $ eTV\| n#s\T, >sddX V\T, eqeV\
\+|T q e+{ |]d T \ <] rdTH sTT. Bq+{ eT\sD+ |\ $\Te\T, eqe d++<\T D
+ #&+ , de+ nX+ y|+#&+ , ks +q #T#dT e&+.
$\Te\ eX >T]+ u\\ d+uw+#&, y{e\ y] J$\ m<TsjT <Tw*\ >T]+ #]+#&, M\T> bsX \ H $\Te\ n_e~
u>+ y*. , $\Te\qT b{+#& >T]+ y] k+ J$\T, csTTc\ >T]+ $Xw+#&+ <s d+uwD s>*. |\\ $wjT+ |j+# ePV\T, #|f
se\T ew d$Tw\ eT< $eTjT+ |]$T+ eT< V+d X+jTT bs{ eT< re y<|y<\L zsT #]+#& eT< d+ VQ
<sy<u y\ eT< w d+~<X q T ysT m<Ts=H+<T dV jT |& C>s eV+#&+ # eTTK+. H $\Te\ n_e~ $wjT + bsX \, ke |]ds\q
s> >~q @$T #jT>\+? |\\ @ $\Te\qT n_e~ #j*? k{ eqe\ V\qT >s$+#& dVq+>H nsTTq|{ <&+> +& eTq+ |\*
#qe++ #jT&+ m? nH |X\T s+s+ ydTy*.
41
41 41
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
| T+eT |\\ eeV]+#|&T y] = n\yT HTH #dT+~. n\yqT |\T$<\T> HsTsT. |> |\\+<]q n\yT
+&e. us sC+>+ <+q \\ nqT>TD+> +&be#T. de+ * q H jTe\qT s deC\T |d]> >s$+#be#T. eqe\+<s
syTqysT, deqT\T nH ue+, qeT+ |\ \>be#T. |]dT de+ , C m<T>T<\, n+<] y<j>+> +& Hd\T $\Te\
neds+ m+H +~. jTe\T, $\Te\ nqT>TD+> q&T#TH |\T deC L& neds+. n~L& eTT+< #|qT> y] dT~ d#> #d yT\T.
|\\qT d<+ #jT&+ bsX\ b \yTq~. _q H| <\ _q H jTee\T, $\Te\ |\\T bsX\\ eksT. dVT #s\ <s eT&/ uVQ
ne>Vq <>Zs #jT&+, $\Te\qT * +&+, $y+, d T<T\ eT |esq\qT eTT r] ~<Te&+ nH$ |\\ |]|Ps_e~ $&BjT u>\T. HjT+,
deq+, ku+ nH y{ n eTTKyTq H jTe\T, $\Te\T> sC+>+ <{++~. M{ VQ+, sT\ | >se+, >se+, $Xd+, ke
u<, |eT, X<, <jT, $eTsH, dH #H $\Te\T, k+<s $\Te\T $T& HsTT. e e+T&q, d#jTTT&q, u<jTTT&q de
bsT> < <X bsT> r]~<& deque+, <jT, $eTsH #H $<q+ |d]> neds+. e *d e #sD dVT+> m+|\T #dTH
deTsT> jsT #ksTT.
<D+ bsX\ $<qT eTq+ |]o*+q|&T bsX\ b dweTeT+~. Cq+, $\Te\T, eqe V\ dyT $<, { bsX\ ksTT n_e~,
Hd\T, $\Te\ |j> s V\bT yTT+> eqeV\| >sy @+ #d $<+> bs|D[qT, b<jT $< se\ esT\q
#jTe\dq neds+ +~. M{ XdH\T> n\+s\T> M{ uy >V+ y{ #]+# qeT n_e~ #d Deds+> #se\d +~. M{ neT\T
eTTKyTq n+X+> $< eed n+s>+> +&*.
CrjT $< |D[ #+`2005 X+ $<qT, JeqH|D\ $<qT, $\Te\ $<qT $wjTu<q n+s>+ #j\ d++~. <qqTd]+ +<|<X
sh $<|D[ |]~ |+ (m.|.mdt.d.jT|t) 2011qT d<+ #d+~. B <s+> | $wj <s | sb+~+#sT. <$<+> $\Te\ $<, Jeq
H|D\qT >T]+ L& <s| (Position paper) sb+~+#sT.
<s|+ eqe $\Te\T, sC+>| $\Te\T, yjT $\Te\T, ke $\Te\T, < $\Te\T, k+d$\Te\T, CrjT $\Te\T, H $\Te\T
y<\>T $\Te\bT Jeq H|D\qT L& C&+ bsX\ $<sT\ d+ $\Te\ $< >T]+ esZ<sq+ #d+~. <qT>TD+> { qT+& |~ s>T\ d+ sh
$<, |]X<q, D d+d $\Te\ $<`Jeq H|D\ >T]+ bs|D[qT d<+ #d+~. +<Td+ bsX\ ksTT |PsjTd] |\\T b+<*q |<qyTq $\Te\qT
>T]+#sT. = |<q $\Te d++~+q s $\Te\qT L& m+| #XsT. M{ s>T\ y> |\ |+b+~+#& bs\qT sb+~dTHsT.
| s>q k~+#e\dq $\Te\qT, n+X\qT u~+#+<T q |jT\qT, ++~ d bs+X\qT bs |D[ $e]+#sT.
$\Te\$< $< |eD\T:
1. eT+ ` #&T $#D Cq+, desq

2. sC+> $\Te\T, eqeV\T, u\\ V\T b{+#&+
3. dVq+ <jT, <qTu yTT<\>T e> $\Te\T
4. Jeq H|D\T (ue |ks, ke, <> H|D\T) #H H|D\T
5. b<jTT\T, dV<jTT\T, bsX\, de+ |uT dT\ | dsq yKsT\T * +&&+.
42
42 42
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
$< |eD\ k<q = |<q $\Te\qT s+#sT. |<q $\Te\qT u~+#& dMT |<, | |<, u>keT |<T\qT nqTd]+#\
d+#&yTq~.
|\ |+b+~+#*q |<q $\Te\T:
13. XeT $\Te
1. d#
2. d+|> J$+#&+
14. dy ue+
15. deq+, k<sue+, d\ | >se+
3. o\ sD+
16. CrjT ueq, <Xu
4. Jeq H|D\T
17. +èT keTsd+

18. |CkeT $\Te\ | >se+ ` #sD
5. u< eV+#&+ ` $~ sVD

6. b<T| #jT&+
7. s> $\Te\T
8. d+dr d+|<j\| >se+
9. |sesD |]sD
10. XdjT <<+
11. HjT+, d+
12. X+/ *dyT*d J$+#&+, nV+d
d# ` d+\T
m& eTqdT sjT+> e+T+<

m& eTqTw\T sT>Ts
m& Cq+ $]$> y\TdT+<
d+ks| >&\ eT< m& u>\+< ||+#+ $&b<
m& d+s++ |\T\T u\T y&\j,
m& n\d Hs> XeT q uVQe* |]|Psy| Cd T+< m& eyTq #s|f&]
d#yTq T~ |yV+ +b+& e+T+<,
m& eTqdT s+s+ $d+# uy\, s\ # q& e&TT+<,
d# dsZ, +&, H <X yT\T|.
` ^+*`35, sM+<H< s>sY $ #\+ nqTy<+
43
43 43
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
2. |<q $\Te\T ` \ ueq\T

b<$T s>T\T ` $\Te\T
1. |<q $\Te :d#

s>
Hse\dq $\Te
1e
d#> e{&& +
2e
eTq #T q Je\T d# * HjT >T]+#&+
3e
] d# sT\ ++ *+#+& +&&+
4e
+{, bsX\ d# eT]jTT u<
5e
d# e\q q+<+
6e
d#qT d~j>+ #dTe&+| ne>Vq * +&&+
7e
sC+><yTq d# | ne>Vq b+<&+
8e
k++ jTT $\TeqT, eXqT >T]+#&+
9e
d# ` nes<\T, ujT+
10e
d#qT |+b+~+#&+ ` eTq u<
3. |<q $\Te : o\ sD+

s>
Hse\dq $\Te
1e
deTTH |\&+
2e
dV+ $\Te >T]+#&+
3e
ue+ * +&&+
4e
CsTTr * +&&+
5e
>+ ueqqT * +&&+
6e
s&+s >=|<H >T]+#&+, d+ |\&+
7e
dVq >TD n\esTe&+, uy * +&&+
8e
e>TD * +&&+, CsTTr * +&&+
9e
<s kVk\qT |<]+#&+, dVue+ * +&&+
10e $Xk * +&&+, eqe |<]+#&+
2. |<q $\Te : d+|> J$+#&+

s>
Hse\dq $\Te
1e
b q+<+ b+<&+
2e
nX +& d+w+> J$+#&+
3e
d# e\ d+w+ \T>TT+< #|&+
4e
q<+ | #+<&+
5e
eT+ q&e& e\ d+| b+<&+, n|]$T y+#\T
6e
e&+ | +< \TdTe&+
7e
\ k~+q|&T | b+<>\eT \TdTe&+
8e
nX, <TsX, u+ $HXH VTe >V+#&+
9e
] <T'U eT\+ n \TdTe&+
10e
sT \ qT+& +#&+ , nX+, nd+| *dT+ < \TdTe&+
4. |<q $\Te : Jeq H|D\T

s>
Hse\dq $\Te
1e
*d +&&+ e\ q+<+ \T>TT+< >V+#&+
2e
|+#Te&+ q+< >T]+#&+
3e
sTqe |\T]+#&+
4e
sT\ >=|<H n_q+~+#&+
5e
e{&+ , >\T| zeTT\qT deq+> d]+#&+,
\ * +&&+
6e
eqe d++<\T ` J$+#&+
7e
eqe d++< eT\T ` eT+ nqTL\ yKsT\T * +&&+
8e
#H H|D\qT |+#Te&+
9e
djT ne>Vq, eTq X keTs\qT >T]+#&+ , \ + * +&&+
10e uy<> H|D\T ` & n~>$T+#&+, >\T| zeTT\qT
deq+> d]+#&+
44
44 44
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
5. |<q $\Te : u< eV+#&+ ` $~ sVD

s>
7. |<q $\Te : s> $\Te\T

s>
Hse\dq $\Te
Hse\dq $\Te
1e
2e
3e
4e
5e
6e
7e
8e
eT | yT #dTe&+
+{ |]Xu
+{|qT dVjT|&&+, eTq|qT\T eTqyT #dTe&+
|]ds\ |]Xu u<qT \TdTe&+
|<\| >se ue+ *+&&+, de #jT&+
| eqsT\ |]sD eTq u<
ke n_e~ bsT\T> u< \qT \TdTe&+ ` b{+#&+
| y|\T y{*q|&T |d+~+#&+ ` \+ * $j\,
n|j\ u< eV+#&+
9e ke dT\ |]sD u< eV+#&+
10e <X ysd d+|<qT b&Te&+
6. |<q $\Te : b<T| #jT&+
s>
1e
2e
3e
4e
5e
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
Hse\dq $\Te
b<T| m+<T \TdTe&+
edTe\qT b<T|> y&Te&+
{ b<T|> y&&+
Vs |<s\qT e< #jT+& +&&+
$<TY b<T|| ne>Vq *+&&+
deTjT+ $\Tyq< >T]+#&+, deTjTb\q b{+#&+
s|{ d+ b<T| #jT&+| ne>Vq b+<&+, s&+s
+<qeqsT\ b<T|| ne>Vq b+<&+
b<T|> e{&&+, esyTq e\T e{&+& +&&+
&+s\, edT yyV <s+> +&&+
45
45 45
1e
2e
3e
4e
eT+ s>| n\yqT *+&&+

<+\ |]Xu >T]+ \TdTe&+
\dyT\d \T &&+, b\T b&&+, dV+> +&&+
e> |]Xu (> ]+#Te&+, dT #T \T &>&+,
|]Xu| ne>Vq)
5e n|]Xu |]ds\T`|sekH\ >T]+ ne>Vq b+<&+
6e s>+> +&& nedsyTq H|D\T \TdTe&+
7e eT+ s> yjeT+, \T <V<|&jT \TdTe&+
8e bwVs $\Te\T *q Vs+, |]XuyTq sT rdTe&+
s> nedseT >T]+#&+
9e Vs |<s\ bw $\Te\qT b&Te&+
10e b<$T y<+| ne>Vq *+&&+
8. |<q $\Te : d+dr d+|<j\| >se+
s>
Hse\dq $\Te
1e
$$< d+dT\T, ysT sT|=H |+&T>\ >T]+ \TdTe&+
2e
$$< yw<sD\ >T]+ \TdTe&+
3e
|<\qT >s$+#&+, de #jT&+
4e
e <yue, | <yue
5e
#s <yue
6e
n~ <yue
7e
| | s<Hue+ |+#Te&+ùsrjT bNq Xd $Cq+
8e
#s\T, y{ XdjTqT ne>Vq #dTe&+
9e
usrjT T+ $\Te\qT >s$+#&+
10e
edT< T+ ueq\T * +&&+
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
11.|<q $\Te : HjT+, d+
9. |<q $\Te : |sesD |]sD

s>
1e
2e
3e
4e
5e
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
s>
1e
2e
3e
4e
5e
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
Hse\dq $\Te
yTT\ |]sD neds >T]+#&+
# |j>\qT \TdTe&+, q$<+> |e]+#&+
# T b<qqT \TdTe&+ ` $j+#&+
|s{, & |+|+| d *+&&+ ` |+#&+,
| $<] yTTqT H&+, |+#&+| u< eV+#&+
bd $j> Z+#&+| ne>Vq *+&&+,
|j +#b e&+
{ b<T|> y&&+, & u< eV+#&+
\Tw ysDqT >T]+ ne>Vq b+<&+
e, +TC\ |]sD u< eV+#*.
k+ $|e+ e\ |sesD \T>TTq V >T]+# &+
Jey$< deTT\qT b&&+
12. |<q $\Te : X+/ *dyT*d J$+#&+, nV+d
10.|<q $\Te : XdjT <<+

s>
1e
2e
3e
4e
5e
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
Hse\dq $\Te
|jT+#&+ <s |> k~+#>\eT \TdTe&+
eT|< +#&+ jTT eXqT \TdTe&+
CsTTr> n+^]+#&+
e, # d++<+ *+&\ \TdTe&+
deTk |]cs keTs+ *+&&+, k+|T <Ts#s\| #s`
ne>Vq
< >T&> qeTs< \TdTe&+, eT&qeT\| $Xw D, #s
esTqT n+^]+#&+ ` XdjT |<
s sD d++<\qT \TdTe&+
Je y$<+| dV *+&&+
$Cq Xk ke u< +T+< >T]+#&+
Hse\dq $\Te
{ y] deq+> #&&+
n+<] HjT+ n >T]+#&+
nHj >T]+#&+, |+#&+
keTs\ nqT>TD+> deq neX\T b+<&+
HjT<+> |e]+#&+| ne>Vq *+&&+, d+
V\qT, u<\qT \TdTe&+, b&Te&+
deq HjT+ b+<&+, # |s+ |+#&+
eTT J$d sT\T J$+# #&&+, d+
HjT+, d+, nV+d
#{\ >T]+ d |]Cq+ *+&&+
46
46 46
s>
1e
2e
3e
4e
5e
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
Hse\dq $\Te
sT\ u< *+#+& +&&+, |eT *+&&+
u<jT *+&&+ ` |\T, +Te\T, e\qT d+s +#&+
| JeC u< *+#+& +&&+
sT\| <jT, sTD *+&&+, *dyT\d +&&+
sT\ yT\T #d |qT\T X+ *kjT ne>Vq #dT e&+
nV+d |seT <seT \TdTe&+
sT>TbsT>T y] |eT> eeV]+#&+
| k~+#&+, n_q+~+#&+, HXq+ #jT+& #&& +
V+k |e qc *dT+< \TdTe&+
X+, <jT, sTD e\ *> |jH\qT \TdTe&+
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
q s>T\ n<q+> #]q $\Te\T

1.|<q $\Te : XeT $\Te
4. |<q $\Te : CrjT ueq ` <Xu
s>
s>
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
Hse\dq $\Te
*<+&T\ XeTqT >T]+#&+, XeT #jT&+, n+<T
q+< b+<&+
sT\ XeTqT >T]+#&+
$$< eT\ y] XeTqT >T]+#&+, w+ |#jT&+
@ | #d ysH >=| ysq >V+#&+
XeTH $jT+ \_dT+< >T]+#&+
5. |<q $\Te : + ` eT keTsd+
2.|<q $\Te : dy ue+

s>
Hse\dq $\Te
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
Hse\dq $\Te
<Xu, CrjT ueq\qT * +&&+
<X u\ J$ ><\ qT+& d] b+<&+
<X d+d, >=|<H >T]+#&+
<X+ | eT sy >T]+#&+
<X Wq, ] |w\qT #&+
s>
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
$+>T\, e<T\ dVjT|&&+

>+B>] dy<s+| $XwD ` ne>Vq
de de ` n_q+~+#&+
$$< s\ de\qT >T]+#&+
eTVjTT\ de\T ` <X_e~
Hse\dq $\Te
$$< eT\ >T]+ ne>Vq * +&&+
e dHsZ &&< eT+ n >V+#&+
n eT\qT >s$+#&+
$$< eT\ y] dVJeq+
+`|seT dVq ueqqT * +&&+
3. |<q $\Te : deq+, k<sue+, d\| >se+
6. |<q $\Te : |CkeT $\Te\| >se+ ` #sD
s>
s>
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
Hse\dq $\Te
n+<] | k<s ue+, deq ueqqT * +&&+
dVqTu eeV]+#&+, ndeq\T =\+#&+
$e +&L&< >V+#&+ ` |dT |]dT\ $X wD
d $< ` d d#, k++, deq V, eTq d+ d `
d\| >se+
d ` de, >+ ` dJe |s|+ d
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
47
47 47
Hse\dq $\Te
T++ |CkeT $\Te\T, sj
\| ne>Vq * +&&+
>eT |]b\q |CkeT+ b \TdTe&+ ` $XwD
V\ bT u<\qT \TdTe&+ `
bsX\ |Ck$T sj\T
eT+ HjT\qT mqTe&+ |\ b ` bs sjT+
n$sV deC ]+#&+
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
3. $\Te\ $<, Jeq H|D\ k<q ` ePV\T

$\Te\T u~d se. $\Te\qT d+<s+> >V+#\ nqTueE\T, $<y\T #|T+{sT. +.|. sh $< |D[ |]~ |+ L& n_bj \+
#LsTdT+~. |\ $\Te\T |+b+<& y] T++, de+ &&TTHsTT. M{ d++~+q $$< sq dyX bZq&+ e\, |]o*+#&+ <s |\\T
d+<s+> $\Te\qT b+<TTHsT. ke TuT, jTe\T yTT<\>T y{ |\\T |#s\ <s ns+ #dTe&+ sT>TT+~. |\\T & seTT+< b+~q
nqTuy\qT |]>Dq rdT= $\Te\T |+b+~+#& ePV\qT sb+~+#sT. $\Te\ $<`Jeq H|D\T |+b+~+#& |<q+> +~ eTTK ePV
neT\T|sTdTHsT.. n$:
(n) |>e\T
(Approaches)
1. dMT |<: bs |D[qT $\Te\ H|<+> sb+~+#&+ nq> bs $wj\ d+ (subjects) bs |D[qT sb+~+#|&T $\Te\qT |+b+~+#
n d\ bs+X\qT m+| #jT&+, j bs+X\ u<q deTjT+ $\Te\| <w |&+ yTT<{ ePV+. +<TqT>TD+> bs\ m+|qT
#|{sT. bs\ H|<+, due+, d+<s { $\Te\| <w |&sT.
2. |+X+> $\Te\ $<qT n+~+#&+: n d\ eH $\Te\ $<qT L& eTTKyTq d> |]>D+, B d+ bs |D[qT L& sb+~+
neT\T|s#&+. +<T u>+> |\ |+b+~+#*q $\Te\qT s]+ j s>T\ y> | y#\T/ sB|\T sb+~+ neT\T #jT&
dHV\T sT>TTHsTT. { s> qT+& |<e s> es s> y> |+b+~+#*q $\Te\ |s+ bs\qT m+| #d sB|\T sb+~dTHsT.
M{ d++~+q u<Hudq |jT\qT sV+#& |yTq |]jTqT L& {sTT+#sT. M{ $es\qT $< d+es+ n+~+# n&$T
+&sY L& b+<T|]#sT. $T> d\ > $\Te\ $< >T]+ u<Hudq |jT\T sV+ nud+ *ksT. eT+q+ #ksT.
3. | u>keT+`|\ $\Te\T |+b+~+#& se\ sVD: |\ $\Te\T |+b+< #jT& eT&e ePV+> bsX\ $$< se\T
sV+#&+, M{ |\\T u>keTT\jT #jT&+. <V sD eqe V\ ~He+, X+ ~He+, |sesD ~He+ e+{$ sT|e&+, nH<
Xe\T, e<Xe\qT d+<]+#&+ yTT<\>Tq$. M{bT dy se bZH |\\qT |s|+#&+ e+{$ L& #|&sT. ys|\T,
|kse< e\ eq k+|T <Ts#s\ >T]+ #s bZq&+, | y| \T d+u$ +q|&T, Cs\ T, y\T e+{$ sV+q|&T de\+~+#&+
e+{ se\ L& |\\T bZH #d $\Te\T |+b+~+#& bsX\ +<+> w #ksT.
|q *|q $<+> |\ $\Te\T, Jeq H|D\T |+b+<& eTTK ePV\qT neT\T|sTdTHsT.
() b<jT $< (Teacher Education) :

$< eed n eTTKyTq ysT b<jTT\T. $\Te\ $<, Jeq H|D\ >T]+ y| e q b<jTT\ e+s D\ <s ne>Vq *dH
eTsy| b<jT $< esT\ ls+#T&TTHsT. eqe V\T, Jeq H|D\qT b<jT $< eTTKyT q n+X+> #sTksT. nf b<jTT\T eT $<T
<s $\Te\ s]+ |\\ <sbjT+> +& y] #q|sTksT. +<T nedsyTq #s\qT $<XK #|& TT+~.
48
48 48
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
() $\Te\ $< ` bs+X\T:

1e s> qT+& 10e s> es $\Te\ $<qT d> neT\T|sTksT. +<Td+ s> y> bs+X\qT m+| #XsT. = s> s+q $<
|eD\T y{ nqT>TD+> |<q $\Te\T, < d++~+q ueq\qT |+b+~+#& bs\qT m+| #XsT. bs+X\T> |sD Vd <\T, kV+,
|eTTKT\ J$ d+|Tq\T, d]<jT d+|Tq\T, |eTTKT\ J$ #]\T, d+~> dyX D\T, H $\Te\T |+b+~+# <\T, >j\T, b\T, yk\T, |<\T
yTT<\>Tq$ HsTT. M{ bT $$< $wj\ | #q+ *+# yk\T, <H\T, ys+X\T L& +{sTT. bs+X\T $$< |jT +{sTT.
() $\Te\ $< ` nuk\T:

s> y> s+q y#\ | bs |\ $\Te\T |+b+~+#& nedsyTq nuk\T L& +{sTT. $ |<q+> |\\qT +|CjT&,
d#> nqTuy\qT e]+#&, #s bZq&, deTq n+X\qT $Xw+#&, $\Te\qT >T]+ nqsTT+#Te& M\T> nuk\T +{sTT. M{bT
|\\T j bs+X\ H|<+> @<H s|+ bZH d+<sq < y~\T sjT&+ < nqTuy+> ]+~ #|&+, $$< d+|Tq\T, dyX\T
|]o*+ #]+#&+ e+{ nuk\T L& +{sTT. |\\T eTT #j*q$, #jTL&$ >T]+#&+, b< K\T sjT&+, H<\T sjT&+, \T, sqT ^jT&+,
yU+#&+, |q\T jsT #jT&+, bdsY, s|\T e+{$ jsT #jT&+ e+{ nuk\T L& +{sTT. $<+> nuk\T |<q+> s+&T s\T>
nq>, +|Cd ne>Vq *+#$, #]+ neT\T|]#$> +{sTT.
() $\Te\ $< ` u<Hudq |jT\ sVD:

s> y> {sTT+q |]jT&T $\Te\ $< d++~+q bs+X\ >T]+ u<Hudq |jT\ sVD s>*. | bs+ L& @< |<q $\Te,
< d++~+q ueq\ H|<+ L& +T+~. M{ sV+#& s> >~ u<Hudq |jT\ sVD L& |\\+<sT u>keTT\jT, d#> bZH,
|+#, |#s\T s|& M\T> s> >~ yesD+ +&*. b<jTT\T |P]> d#|P] yesD+ |\\qT bV+#*. u<Hudq |jT\ sVD
kbH\qT >T]+ \TdT+<+.
qTFsD: deTq n+X\ <s+> |\\qT qTFsD #j*. bs+X+ | d *+#*.
yT<eT<q+: u~+#*q $\Te < \ ueq\ >T]+ |\\ e{&+#*. q\\| < d++~+q n+X\T sj*. #q\T s+#*, b<qqT
>T]+|Cj
*.
bs+X+| #s, $\Te\qT >T]+|CjT&+: sB|/ y#+ bs+X+ <s+> #s sV+#*. bs+X |\\H #~$+ #s sV+#*.
nud |X\| #s ` &sD: ` bs+X+ q nud+ |X\| #s sV+#*.
` B+{ $\Te\qT >T]+|CjT&+, |\\ nqTuy\qT #|+#&+, |\\ de<H\qT &]+#&+ s>*.
#]+#$/ neT\T|]# sb\ sVD ` +{|: bs+X+ <s+> |\\T #]+#$ < neT\T|s#*q sb\qT *| u<\qT
n|+#*. B +{|> y*. s sV+# s> M{ |<]+|Cj*.
49
49 49
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
(}) $\Te\ $< ` Jeq H|D\ eT+q+:

|\\ deT> n_e~ $\Te\T, yKsT\T, d\T, n_sT#T \T L& eTTKyTq$. |\\qT $$< bs $wj\ eT+q + #dqf $\Te\T`Jeq H|D\ k<q
>T]+ L& eT+q+ #j*. $\Te\ $<`Jeq H|D\ +< s+#&q 5 $< |eD\ | $< |eD 10esT\ #=|q yTT+ 50esT\T
{sTT+#*. M{ s | +&<T. ~ s+s deT> eT+q+ u>+> =qk>*. nsTT M{ eT+q+ #jT& esT\T >&+> s|+ |\\ |>
n+#H yj* +T+~. |<q+> |\\T M{ n\esTe&+ >, neT\T|s&+ >, #]+#&+ > d+|s+> +<? k<sD+> +<? HeTe+>
+<? nH >TDyTq yK\ <s |\\ |> >T]+#* +T+~. +<Td+ +~ k<H\qT $j+#e#T.
|\\ u>keT+ ` |d+<q\qT |]o*+#&+
|\\T sdq, |<]+q n+X\T
|\\T sb\| sb+~+q y~\T
s{+> d
#*dT\T
nH&T
bsTb*j\T yTT<\>Tq$.
eT+q+ #d ee~: $\Te\ $<`Jeq H|D\ |\\ |> s+s+ |]o*+#&+, n+#H yjT&+, n+<TqT>TD+> m|{|&T >T #s\T #|&+ ]q|{
$< d+es+ sY k] |\\ |> qy<T #j* +T+~. M{ \T|=H $<sT\ y] |*\qT s]ksT.
$< $d yTq ns+ q|{ ~ d\ \\ |]$TeTeTq~. |\* eTq+ & m+<T |+|THeTH |X
s+&T s\ de<H\T eksTT. n+<T yTT<{~ de<q+> #<e&+, sjT&+, \T #jT&+.... $$< d\qT
HsT= <>+ d+b~+#T= eT+ J$ >&|&+ n edT+~. s+& s+ de<q+ |\\T CH b+<&+, eT+
bsT\T> m<>&+, $#D L&q sj\T >=q&+, >=| q&e& * >=| e\T> jse&+, eTw> jse&+,
deC_e~ w #jT&+ e+{$. | s+&T de<H\T n+^]+q|& $< jTT $d ns+ eTq u<|&TT+~. M{
ks+ #jT&+ bsX\\T \ b bw+#* +T+~. +<Td+ $\Te\ $< eTTK $wjT+> bsX\ $< b
bw+#*.
$\Te\ $<` Jeq H|D\T <s|+, +.|.
eT+Tq *<+&T\qT $T+q n<|\T sT.
50
50 50
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
4. $\Te\ $<, Jeq H|D\T ` s> y> bs |D[

1e s>
.d+K
|<q $\Te
Hs e\dq $\Te
|jT
d $wjT+
1.
d#
d#> e{&&+.
>jT+/ <
2.
d+|> J$+#&+
b q+<+ b+<&+ .
> jT+/ eTT
H] bH] u\\+ >jT+, |\\qT

e{&+#&+| q <\T/ d+|Tq\T.
|] n_qjT >j\T, |] \T.
3.
4.
o\ sD+
Jeq H|D\T
<
d+|T q
HH! |*e#! +{ b#Ts+ b+~q <\T

J$ d+|Tq\T.
5.
u< eV+#&+ `
$~ sVD
b<T| #jT&+
s> $\Te\T
d eTTH |\&+ .
*d +&&+ e\ q+<+
\T>TT+< >V+#&+.
eT | yT #dTe&+.
<q +
J$ dyX\T.
</ d+|Tq
> jT+/
dyX\T/<\ T
>jT+/ <
NeT`$T& <, b<T| d++~+q <\T.

n_qjT >jT+, n\y d++~+q <\T.
9.
b<T| m+<T \TdTe&+

eT+ s>| n\yqT
* +&&+ .
d+dr`
$$< d+dT\T, ysT sT|=H
d+|<j\ | >se+ |+&T>\ >T]+ \TdTe&+
|sesD |]sD
yTT\ |]sD neds >T]+#&+.
10.
XdjT <<+
</ <q+
11.
HjT+, d+
|jT+#&+ <s |>

k~+#>\eT \TdTe&+.
{ y] deq+> #&&+
12.
X+/ *dyT\d
J$+#&+, nV+d
sT\ u< *+#+&

+&&+, |eT * +&&+.
</ <q +
6.
7.
8.
</ d+|Tq
</ <q+
51
51 51
$$< d+d T\T, ysT sT|=H

|+&T>\ >T]+q d+|Tq\T, <\T
J$ d+|Tq\T.
XdjT << \T>Cd <\T, <H\T,
d+|T q\T.
deq ueq |+# <\T, <H\T
sT\ | |eT yT*> <\T, d+|Tq\T,
dyX\T.
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
2e s>
.d+K
|<q $\Te
Hs e\dq $\Te
|jT
1.
d#
2.
d+|> J$+#&+
3.
o\ sD+
eTq #T q Je\T d# * </ >jT+

HjT >T]+#&+.
nX +&
<
d+w+> J$+#&+ .
dV+ $\Te >T]+#&+
</ <q+
4.
5.
6.
Jeq H|D\T
u< eV+#&+ `
$~ sVD
b<T|#jT &+
|+#Te&+ q+< >T]+#&+

eT edTe\qT C>>
b&Te&+.
edTe\qT b<T|> y&Te&+
7.
s> $\Te\T
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
<+\ |]Xu >T]+

\TdTe&+.
d+dr`
$$< yw<sD\ >T]+
d+|<j\| >se+ \TdTe&+
|sesD |]sD
# |j>\qT \TdTe&+,
q $<+> |e]+#&+.
XdjT <<+
eT |< +#&+ jTT
eX \TdTe&+.
HjT+, d +
n+<] HjT+ n >T]+#&+
X+/ *dyT \d
J$+#&+, nV+d
u <j
T * +&&+.
<q+/ dyX+
</ <q+/
d+|T q\T
d+|T q/
dyX+
</ <q+/
> jT+
d+|T q/<
d+|Tq/ </
<q +
</ <q+
dyX+ /
d+|T q
>jT <
52
52 52
d $wjT+
Je\ d#qT *| <\T, >j\T, b\T.
uT`+>sT >T&T e+{ b#Ts+ b+~q <\T
dV |_+_+# +Te\T, eqe\ <\T
J$ d+|Tq\T/ dyX\T
edTe\ | C>qT *jTCd <\T, d+|Tq\T.
J$ d+|Tq\T/ dyX\T
e> |]Xu d++~+q <\T, dyX\T/
>j\T.
$$< d+dT\ q yw<sD\ d++~+q
d+|Tq\T, dyX\T, <\T
# |j>\ >T]+ *| d+|Tq\T,
dyX\T, <\T.
eT |< |#jT& $e]+# dyX\T,
<\T, d+|Tq\T.
J$ d+|Tq\T/ dyX\T.
s bDT\ | <jT * +&&+ nH ueq
*| <\T, >j\T, >jT<\T.
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
3e s>
.d+K
|<q $\Te
1.
d#
2.
d+|> J$+#&+
3.
Hs e\dq $\Te
|jT
dyX+ /
d+|T q
</ >jT+
o\ sD+
] d# sT\ ++
*+# +& +&&+ .
d# e\q d+w+ \T>TT+<
#| &+
ue+ * +&&+.
4.
Jeq H| D\T
sTqe |\T]+#&+
5.
+{| dV jT|&& + .
6.
u< eV+#&+ `
$~ sVD
b<T| #jT&+
7.
s> $\Te\T
dyX+ /
d+|T q
dyX+ /
d+|T q
J$ ></
dyX+
</ <q+
8.
d+dr`
~q#s
d+|<j\ | >se+
|sesD |]sD
# T b<qqT \TdTe&+` <q+/ >jT+
$j+#&+
XdjT <<+
CsTTr> n+^]+#&+ .
<q +/
d+|T q
HjT+, d +
nHj >T]+#&+ , |+#&+ . d+|T q/
dyX+
X+/ *dyT \d
| JeC u<
<q +/
J$+#&+ , nV+d
*+# +& +&&+ .
d+|T q
9.
10.
11.
12.
{ b<T|> y&&+.
e> |]Xu| ne>Vq
*+&&+ .
|<\ qT >s$+#&+
53
53 53
</ >jT+
d $wjT+
d# sT\ ++ *+#s< *|
J$ d+|Tq\T/ dyX\T
d# e\q d+w+ \T>TT+< *| <\T/
>j\T/ >jT <\T
#dq yT\T eTsebe& >T]+ *| <\T.
sTqe |\T]+#&+ e\ *> |jH\qT
*| J$ d+|Tq\T, dyX\T
J$ d+|Tq\T/ dyX\T
eTVjT T\ J$ >< n+XeTT\T/ J$
dyX\T, d+|T q\T.
e> |]XuqT *| <\T, d+|Tq\T.
|<\qT >s$+#&+ >T]+ *| <\T,
d+|Tq\T, dyX\T
# T b<qqT, $j> *| dyX\T,
d+|T q\T
#dq | |, eq |*\ | u< eV+#*
e+{ n+X *| d+|Tq\T, dyX\T.
J$ d+|Tq\T/ dyX\T.
J$ d+|Tq\T, dyX\T.
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
4e s>
.d+K
|<q $\Te
1.
d#
2.
Hs e\dq $\Te
|jT
d $wjT+
<
eTVjTT\ J$\ d+|Tq\T, ><\T
d+|> J$+#&+
+{, bsX\ d#>

|+#&+ .
q< | #+<&+
</ >jT+
q < | #+~q|&T *> |jH\qT

*| <\T, dyX\T, d+|Tq\T
3.
o\ sD+
CsTTr * +&&+.
<
CsTTr >T]+q b#Ts+ b+~q <\T
4.
5.
7.
s> $\Te\T
8.
sT \ >=|<H n_q+~+#&+
|]ds\ |]Xu u<qT
>T]+#&+
Vs |<s\qT e< #jT+&
+&&+ .
e> |]Xu (#T\T, >
|]Xu )
e <yue, | <yue
<
K
6.
Jeq H| D\T
u< eV+#&+ `
$~ sVD
b<T| #jT&+
d+dr`
d+|<j\| >se+
|sesD |]sD
|s{ |+|+ | d
*+#&+. n+<s yTT\T H&+
XdjT <<+
e, # d++<+ *
<q +
+&\ \TdTe&+.
HjT+, d +
keTs\qT>TD+> neX\T <q +/ d+|T q
b+<&+.
X+/ *dyT \d J$+#&+ , sT\| <jT, sTD *+&&+. <
nV+d
J$ dyX\T, d+|Tq\T
|] ds\ |]Xu eX *| dyX\T,
d+|T q\T, K
Vs|<s\ e< n]{\ *| d+|Tq\T,
d+uwD\T.
e> |]Xu u>+> #T\T, > |]Xu
>T]+ *| d+uwD\T, <H\T.
*<+&T\qT >s$+#&+ >T]+ *| <\T,
dyX\T, d+|T q\T
J$ d+|Tq\T/ <\T.
9.
10.
11.
12.
d+uwD
d+uwD/
<q +
yd+/
<q +
</ d+|Tq
54
54 54
e\, #T\ d++<+ +&\ *|

<H\T, d+|Tq\T.
J$ d+|Tq\T, dyX\T.
<jT, sTD n+X\qT *| <\T.
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
5e s>
.d+K
|<q $\Te
1.
d#
2.
Hs e\dq $\Te
|jT
d $wjT+
|d< e\ J$ d+ |Tq\T.
d+|> J$+#&+
+{, & q d#qT

J$#]/
d~j>+ #dTe&+ e\
d+|T q
*> u\T \TdTe&+.
eT+ q&e& e\ d+| b+<&+. <
3.
o\ sD+
> ueqqT * +&&+.
J$#]
> ueqqT |+b+~+# b#Ts+ b+~q <\T.
4.
5.
e{&&+
|<\| >se ue+ *+&&+,
ysT #| qT q&T#Te&+.
d+|T q
J$# ]/
d+|T q
#s
J$ dyX\T, d+|Tq\T.
|d< e\ J$#]\ d+|Tq\T.
6.
Jeq H|D\T
u< eV+#&+ `
$~ sVD
b<T| #jT&+
7.
s> $\Te\T
8.
d+dr`
d+|<j\| >se+
|sesD |]sD
bd $j> Z+#&+|
ne>Vq *+&&+.
XdjT <<+
deTk |]cs keTs+
* +&&+ .
HjT+, d+
HjT<+> |e]+#&+ |
ne>Vq *+&&+.
X+/ *dyT \d
sT \ yT\T #d |qT\T X+
J$+#&+, nV+d
*ZkjT ne>Vq #dTe&+.
9.
10.
11.
12.
$<TY b<T|| ne>Vq
*+&&+
n|]Xu |]ds\T`|s ekH\
>T]+ ne>Vq *+&&+.
#s <yue
ys <q+
55
55 55
yd+/ <q+
eT+ q&e& e\ *> d+| *jTCd <\T
$<TY b<T| #jT&+| #s/

d+uwD\T.
|\ eq ys\T/ ys <q+
<
>TsTe >=|<H >s$+#&+ >T]+q <\T,

d+|Tq\T, yk\T, <H\T.
bd $j>+ qc\| ne>Vq *+#
yk\T, bdsT.
deTk |]cs keTs+ >T]+ *| <\T.
<
b#Ts+ b+~q <\T.
<q +
J$ dyX\T, d+|Tq\T.
yd+/ <q+
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
6e s>
.d+K
1.
|< q $\Te
d#
2.
d+|> J$+#&+
3.
o\ sD+
4.
Jeq H|D\T
Hs e\dq $\Te
|jT
d $wjT+
d#q T d~j>+ #dT e&+| </ <q+/

d# d++~+q <\T, d+|Tq\T.
ne>Vq b+<&+.
d+|T q
e&+ | +< \TdTe&+. >jT</ >jT+ e&+ e\ *> d+| *jTCd
>j\T, <\T, d+|Tq\T
s&+s >=|<H >T]+#&+ <
s&+s >=|<H *| <\T, d+|Tq\T
9.
eqe d++<\T ` J$+#&+

<q +/d+|T q J$ dyX\T, <H\T

u< eV+#&+ `
| eqsT\ |]sD eTq u<. yd+
| |]sD d++~+q yk\T, <H\T,
$~ sVD
d+|T q\T.
b<T| #jT&+
deTjT+ $\Tyq< >T]+#&+,
</ < q+/
d]# <\T, d+|Tq\T, yk\T
deTjTb\q b{+#&+.
yd+
s> $\Te\T
s>+> +&& nedsy T q
</ d+|T q J$ d+|Tq\T, <\T
H| D\T \TdTe&+.
d+dr`
n~ <yue
yd+/
n<T\qT >s$+#& d++~+q <H\T,
d+|<j\T| >se+
<q +
d+|T q\T, dyX\T
|sesD |]sD
{ b<T|> y&Te&+.
<
{ |]s D >T]+ *| <\T.
10.
XdjT <<+
11.
HjT+, d +
12.
X+/ *dyT \d
J$+#&+ , nV+d
5.
6.
7.
8.
< >T&> qeTs<

ys+X+/ yd+ XdjT << |+b+~+# ys <H\T,
\TdTe&+.
yk\T.
V\qT, u< \qT \TdTe&+, <q +/ <
V\ >T]+ *| <H\T, <\T
b&Te&+.
nV+d |se T <s eT
d+uwD/ <q + nV+d d++~+q <H\T,
\TdTe&+.
d+uwD\T.
56
56 56
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
13.
XeT $\Te
14.
dy ue+
15.
deq+, k<su e+
d\| >se+
CrjT ueq ` <Xu
16.
17.
18.
+ ` eT
keTsd +
|CkeT $\Te\|
>se+ ` #sD
*<+&T\ XeTqT >T]+#&+
</ <q+/
d+|T q
</ <q+/
d+|T q
</ <q+
* <+&T\ XeTqT >T]+|Cd d+|Tq\T,

dyX\T
$+>T\ dVjT |&&+
| neds\T *q y] #d dVj
d++~+q <\T, dyX\T, d+|Tq\T
n+<] | k<s ue+,
deq ueq |+b+~+# <\T,
deq ueq *+&&+.
<H\T.
<Xu, CrjT ueq\qT
yk\T/<q+/ <Xu, CrjT ueq\ d++~+q
* +&&+ .
d+|T q
$wj\T, yk\T, d+|Tq\T, dyX\T
$$< eT\ >T]+ ne>Vq
yd+/<q +/ eT\ f u~ksTT n *|
*+&&+ .
d+|T q
yk\T, <H\T, d+|Tq\T.
T++ |CkeT $\Te\T, d+|T q\T
J$ dyX\T,
|CkeT sj\| ne>Vq.
d+|T q\T.
jT { +&q qT\ +f ~>T&Tu$ yT\T. ~>T&T ue\T q]+{+f jT+ XwyTq~. nTe+{ qsT
jTC\ +f =&T >=|. nTe+{ qsT>TsT esT\ +f d y+ $Tq. ysTT nXyT< j>\ |*+
|q d |q |{ >sy { d+ y| yTT>TZ #|T+~. ds rs\T d$+H, y<\ e*+H
d+ deq+ e. n <s\L dyT >=|~.
` eTV us+, qqjT
57
57 57
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
7e s>
.d+K
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
|< q $\Te
d#
Hs e\dq $\Te
|jT
sC+><yTq d#| ne>Vq

* +&&+
d+|> J$+#&+
\ k~+q|&T |
b+<>\eT \TdTe&+
o\ sD+
dVq >TD n\esTe&+,
uy * +&&+
Jeq H|D\T
eeq d++< eT\T` eT+
nqTL\ yK sT\T * +&&+
u< eV+#&+ `
bsX\ n_e~ $<sT\T>
$~ sVD
u<\qT \TdTe&+ ` s&T
jTe\qT b{+#&+
b<T| #jT &+
s |{ d+ b<T| #jT &+|
ne>Vq b+<&+.
s> $\Te\T
eT+ s> yjeT+, \T
<V<|& jT \TdTe&+.
d+dr`
| | s<q ue+ |+#T&+`
d+|<j\| >se+ usrjT bNq Xd $Cq+
|sesD |]sD
\Tw ysD >T]+ ne>Vq

b+<&+.
XdjT <<+
esTqT n+^]+#&+, <&+>
qeT&+.
HjT+, d+
deqHjT+ b+<&+, #|s+
|+#&+ .
ys+XeTT
<
< / <q+ /
d+|T q
< / <q+ /
dyX\T
d+uwD /
<q +
d $wjT+
sC+><yTq d# >T]+q ys+X\T, <H\T
<H\T, yk\T
\ k~+q|&T *> | *jTCjTT
bNq <\T, <H\T
dVq>TD |+b+~+# <\T, <H\T,
d+|Tq\T, uy d++~+q <\T,
J$ d+|Tq\T, dyX\T
J$ d+|Tq\T, dyX\T
d+|T q
J$ d+|Tq\T, dyX\T
d+|T q
J$ dyX\T, d+|Tq\T
<\T/ yk\T usrjT bNq $CH d++~+q <\T,

d+|Tq\T, yk\T
yd+/d+|T q/ \Tw ysD neds *| ys+X\T,
ys+X+
yk\T
ys+X+ /
XdjT <<+ |+# ys+X\T, <H\T
<q +
<
HjTueqqT |+b+~+# <\T
58
58 58
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
.d+K
|< q $\Te
Hs e\dq $\Te
|jT
d $wjT+
12.
X+/ *dyT \d
J$+#&+, nV+d
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<
b#Ts+ b+~q <\T
13.
XeT $\Te
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14.
dyue+
e<T\ dVjT |&&+
15.
deq+, k<su e+
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ndeq\T =\+#&+
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16.
CrjT ueq ` <Xu

+ `
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|CkeT $\Te\|
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17.
<Xu\ J$ ><\ qT+& d]

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b \TdTe&+.
18.
+s /
d+uwD /
d+|T q
|eTTK e\ J$ d+|Tq\T, |d+>\T,

yk\T
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<syT eTw nedsyTq~. s bDT\ $Xw+ n~. n~ q|& eTw qqT, deC, s bDT*, |, $X,
deTk s+#>\TZ&T. <s+ nH~ b | y{ sD <T. { | ysT <s+ n+f @$T{ \TdTy*. us<X+, usrjT
d+d n+{ <s+ |H~> n jb\T, eed\T @s&sTT.
` y<\T
59
59 59
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
8e s>
.d+K
|<q $\Te
Hs e\dq $\Te
|jT
1.
d#
k++ jTT $\TeqT,

eXqT >T]+#&+.
2.
d+|> J$+#&+
3.
o\ sD+
4.
Jeq H|D\T
5.
u< eV+#&+ `
$~ sVD
nX, <TsX $HXH VTe </ d+|Tq

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</ d+|Tq
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d+|T q\T
| y| \T y{*q |&T
yd+
|d+~+#&+ .
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
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d $wjT+
k++ $\TeqT #| bNq ><\T,
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s> $\Te\T
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#s\T, y{ XdjTqT
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es\ |q]j>+| ne>Vq yd+ / <q+/ es\qT |q]j+#&+| yk\T, <H\T,
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eTT J$d sT\T J$+#
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J$ d+|Tq\T, @b_qj\T
#&&+ .
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60
60 60
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
.d+K
|< q $\Te
Hs e\dq $\Te
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d $wjT+
12.
X+/ *dyT \d
J$+#&+ , nV+d
| k~+#&+ , n_q+~+#&+ < /

| >T]+ <\T, @b_qj\T
HXq+#jT +& #&&+ .
@b_qjT+
13.
XeT $\Te
14.
dy ue+
15.
deq+, k<su e+
d\| >se+
CrjT ueq ` <Xu
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< / yd+
16.
17.
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+ `
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|CkeT $\Te\|
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$$< eT\ y] XeTqT >T]+|Cd d+|Tq\T,

dyX\T
de de d++~+q <\T, dyX\T
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b#Ts+ b+~q <\T, yk\T, J$
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@ ueq. + n+<s ds|. |syTXs ds| nH ue+ eeV]+#yT @ ueq.
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61
61 61
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
.d+K
|< q $\Te
1.
d#
2.
d+|> J$+#&+
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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b&Te&+.
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10.
XdjT <<+
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11.
HjT+, d +
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12.
X+/ *dyT \d
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62
62 62
ys <H\T, J$ d+|Tq\T.
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
13.
XeT $\Te
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yk\T
(www.mkgandhi.in)
dy <s+, |eT ue+ m&& n& |Tse& |>=&T>T+ <T. n$ |* qT+ b+>T sy*. n+<T, k<q neds+
edTeL |yTq $\Te +&<T. < MT< eTqq yy V f $\Te @s&TT+~. yyV reqT { |sT>T T+B, >TZT+B
u> e BZ z <] |T +Te. |<\ ns+ \TdTe& |T +TeqT #dqf, #sD d++~+q c\ =sT&T |& deTd\ eq|&T ^
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63
63 63
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
10e s>
.d+K
|< q $\Te
1.
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3.
o\ sD+
4.
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6.
Hs e\dq $\Te
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64
64 64
J$ d+|Tq\T, yk\T
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65
65 65
eqeqT |+ eTqqeTT #jTT#T,

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|\ $Xk H\=*. y] @ s+>q (e\ <s, #w\ <s) u~+#L&<T.
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#sD yj
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d+#*. $< $\Te\ eT]+ }$Ty*. |\\ e\T, #\T X+jTT+ y*. V+d <T\T> nV+dqT, X+ n\esTy*. |\\T X+
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` CrjT $< |D[ #+, 2005
66
66 66
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
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67
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
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68
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
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us<X jTTe e*+~ u>eBZ <T. |{u & yT<q+. n $yq+<T&T |e+#&T.
B{ $<] J$+ &\ m+ b<qeTT+< ns+ #dTe#T.
yjeT, s> $< n+f @$T{?

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yjeT s> $<qT neT\T #jT&+ |<Hb<jTT\ eT]jTT b<jTT\ b @$T{?
| bsX\ w+> m \T, &\ |\\ bMD+ * dT+~?
bsX\ yjeT s> $< se\qT s]+#& rdTy*q d C>\T, sj\T @$T{?
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Xd k+ |]Cq+ n_e~ #+~q |dT de+ me X+ jT+ |]s\ $j>+| <s|& J$dTHsT. B e\ Xs XeT Z Jeq |]dT\
nH esT\T #T #dTHsTT. esTTq |]ds\ eT< |sT>TTq |\\ s> |]s+#& bsX\ $<] $<sT\ yjeT, s>$< eX
|]+~.
|dT de+ *<+&T\ #H $<q+ esT e+~. bs+X\T, esT\T, s+\ y| |sT>&+ sD+> $<sT\| reyTq & |] eqd
n\d qeTHsT. |dT ke JeqX* #eT\ T qTeTsT>HsTT. |jD ks\T, yTTu bqT, {.$\T n+<] n+<TuT se&+ # $X+ |],
Xs XeT Z, d\jT+, sbT, eT<TyTV+, m$Tj, $seTT\T, H&s&s deTqjT |+, Xs <sT&+, bVVs b\T yTT<\>T deTd\#
deTeTe |\\T, |<\T nHs>+ u]q|&TTHsT.
sD\T:
bsX\ $< ]wyTq yjeT, s> bs|D[ neT\T #jTbe&+, bsX\ & yT<H\qT |P]> |j+#Tbe&+. +|PsY $<| yE
Xs XeT >Z&+. |kse<e\ |ue+ # $<sT \T M{eTT+<T Lse&+, *<+&T\T s+\T, esT\| <wk]+#&+. s=s{ $< $<sT\ eqd &
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
69
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
n~yT s>+ D+#&+. Vs| n\yT, +|&, qH d++< |<s\T n~+> d]+ nHs> >T] e&+. bwVs+| ne>VHb\ # y<T\
u]q|&& + . & ke $<sT\ d+K nqT>TD+> deTLsbe&+, q & ke, & d<T bj\T |j +#Tbe&+, &\ |, s>+| |< Hb<jTT\,
b<jTT\, *< + &T\ ds q <<+ b e&+, &\ >T]+ *jTCd |d \T, d++~ yT{]jT $<sT\ n+<TuT b e&+, H $j+#Tbe&+.
s> yjeT $< ` $< |eD\T:

1. \ bZ, &d] |+b+~+#&+
2. j>, yT&fwH, k{, >&, mH.d.d.
3. e> |]ds\ Xu`s> n\yT
4. u< ` |<eT
5. s>+, bwVs+, eT+ Vs| n\yT
|dT de+ j+ JeH n\yT|& JeqX* # esT\T eq$. n+<T# Xs XeT Z d\jTT\T> e] nHs> >TseTHsT.
|]dT\qT n~>$T+#& sh $<|D[ |]~|+`2011 <s+> s> yjeT $< nH |sT <s| sh $< |]X<q D d+d sb+~+q~. B
<s+> s> yjeT $< eTTKyTq d> 1e s> qT+& 10e s> |\\ u~+#T bs|D[qT sb+~+#sT. B >T]+ dwyTq ne>Vq *>
b<jTT\ sB|qT sb+~dTHsT. s>, yjeT $< bs|D[ +~ n+X\qT #]+#sT. n$:
1. y]+> n|t
2. | d<yTq \T
3. edt&
4. e]+> (yT)
5. ed
6. $H< &\T, d sH
7. j>, <q+
8. yTsY >yT eT]jTT ksY
9. Xs+
10. |]ds\T
11. Vs+
12. sT
13. s>, Vs n\yT
14. ke s>+
|\ |+b+~+#*q \D\T:
1. Xs |sT>T<\ n_e~
2. eqd_e~
3. <>_e~
4. k+|T_e~
5. +&s H& deTqjT+
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
6. HjT \D\T
7. $seT\ d~j>+
8. eTD
9. s>| eT]jTT eT+ Vs| n\yT
10. n+Ty<T\T, ne>Vq
70
11. k<sD >j\T ` |<eT

12. bwVs b\T ` ne>Vq
13. ke de
14. CrjT dyT
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
b<jTT\ b:
s>e+yTq de sD+, s>, yjeT $< se\ b\T|+#TH u< b<jTT\| <s|& +T+~. +~ n+X\qT b<jTT\T
q$<+> |sy+#&+ <s |\\ s> q ksTT |+b+~+#e#TqT.
e> Xu d++~+q #sTqT s> >~ |<]+#&+. #sT {sTT+q n+X\ <s+> sp |]o*+#&+. bsH deTjT+ jTbyT,
b<s\T, >, VsTTsY {+> yTT<\>T $wj\qT |]o*+#&+, eT+ n\yqT |X+d+#&+.
eT+ s>| n\yqT #]+#&+ <s *> u\ >T]+ ne>Vq *+#&+.
bsX\ k<sD+> d+u$+# >j\T, |e<\T, s>+& b{+#*q ysD #s\T, |<eT `sD #s\| ne>Vq, b{+#&+.
s> >~ $<sT\T Ls=H u+eT\T, |j+# edTe\ $wjT+ b{+#*q d C>\| ne>Vq, b{+#&+.
$<sT\ eT<, $<sT\ b<jTT\ eT<, $<sT\ sT\ eT< eT+ d++<\T H\=* s>syTq yesD dw+#&+.
| |\y eT+ s>syTq n\yT H\=\& e*q se\qT bsX\ b<jTT\T #|{*.
|\ s> b\qT >T]+#& y< |\qT bsX\ d\+ sV+|Cj*.
yT<q+, |]X<qX\, ejT+, =\qT, b]+>, dT | jD+ yTT<\>T y{ q sD #s\T #|&+.
$seT\ d~j>+ =s #<s+>+, syT yTT<\>T $H< &\ |\\+<sT bZH$<+> s]+#*, dsHq T sV+#*.
u\ u*\ | D se\T sV+#*. | b\T *q |\\| q X< eV+#*.
edt&, esYbdt, |s$T&, &~He+ yTT<\>T keTV se\qT jT|<+ #jT& bsX\ b<jTT\+<s bZH*.
$<sT\ eT< sV+#& n+sZ b{\ |\\+<sT K+> bZH yesD+ bsX\ jeq+ *+#*.
$<sT\ Xs =\\T, u keTs |\T, & X\ H|D |\qT ]sT\ b+<T|] dMT+#*.
mH.d.d, mH.mdt.mdt, mH..d, k{, j>, <q+, &\ $<] $<sT\ T w| & bZq&+, w| & |#jT &+ ke dy \D \qT |+b+~+|Cj
T &+.
esYc|t, $Vsj\ sVD deTj $<sT\ y\+{sT> D deTqjT+ jT|<+ #d HjT \D\qT |+b+~+#*.
bsX\ b:
$< |jT\ yjeT s> $< eTTKyTq nss>+. Xs+>, eqd+>, ke+> q bsT&> n_e~ #jTT nqT>TD+> yjeT jT\qT
sb+~+ u~+# u$TqT bsX\\T sV+#*. Xs <*\T, Jed\T, Xs nejTe n_e~ Xs <*\ L&q yjeT+ neds+. B XdjT sTEe\T,
<s\T HsTT. yjeT+ Xs +&s |wbT X keTs\qT n_e~ #dT+~. |*+> eqd $d+, @>, dH, #TsT<q+ n\e&sTT. s>+
nH~ nqTuy\ \sTT. ~ e\ |]CH, yKsT\qT, n\yqT q $<+> |u$+ #d deC, ke s> |+b+~dT+~. bsX\ s> $<qT
n_e~|s&+ s> de\qT, s> d#q\qT neT\T|s*. s>yT eTVu>+ nH HqT& sDX~> #]+|Cj *, |X+d+|Cj*.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
71
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
| bsX\ d\+, ks\qT{ |s& s+&T < eT&T \qT mqT= | $<]# &+#*. s+>qT |d]> |sE #sTT+#*. bsX\ |
$<] e> n\yT, #H $<q+, uy<>\T, ndjT , |eT, <jT , d+w+, <T'K+, >o\, HjT \D
\T & b{\ bZq|&T | + > ee TesTT.
T &\ (&, yu, UÙ) bZq&+ <s j|j\T b+<TsT. Te+{ deTj\ | |\y& s> <c\T |<ksTT. $<+> >&q
nqTuy\T deTT\yTq $k <]rksTT. ke dVqT *+#&+ <s eT+ eqe d++<\T @s&sTT.
es <X #+~q bsX\ $<] $<sT\\ ejTdT dTesT> 11 qT+& 17 d+es\ eT< +T+~. es <X q 6 qT+& 10 s>T\ $<]
$<sT\ jTT Xs |sT>T<\ $d+ $|yTq esT\T sT>TsTT. deTjT+ XsT\T, deTT\ n+> $Hd+ <s *> |*\ yjeT s> $<
n+X\T <V<|& sTT.
| $<] eTD, s>| n\yT, ke d++<\T, CrjT dyT, <Xu, ke de |+b+<& yjeT s> $< se\T &&sTT.
$<] s> >~ @s&q eqd n\dqT &\ bZq&+ <s b>=T= Vu]yTq X b+<T&T. J$ + m<TsjT $$< s\ deTd\ <s+>
dT\Tyq |]cs esZ\qT nHwk&T. bsX\ sV+# $$< s\ keTV se\ (esYbdt, edt&, n+sZ b{\T)\ bZq&+ <s eTDbT
HjT $<jTT> |e]#+&+ HsT+{&T.
s> yjeT $< ` eT+q+:

|\\ deT>_e~ s> n\yT, u keTs+, d\T, n_sT#T\T, yKsT\T eTTKyTq$. |\\qT $$< bs $wj\ eT+q+ #dqf s>,
yjeT $< k<q >T]+ L& eT+q+ #j*. s> yjeT $< +< s+#&q <T (5) $< |eD\ | keTs 10 esT\ #=|q yTT+
50 esT\T {sTT+#*. M{ s| +&<T. ~ s+s deT> eT+q+ u>+> =qk>*. nsTT M{ eT+q+ #jT& esT\T >&+> s|+ |\\
|> n+#H yj* +T+~. |<q+> |\\T M{ n\esTe&+>, neT\T|sT&+>, #]+#&+> d+|s+> q<? k<sD+> q<?
HeTe+> q<? nH >TDyTq yK\ <s |\\ |> >T]+#* +T+~.
eTq+ #d |qT\T eT+$> +&\+f eTq e\T eT+$> +&*. e, # eT+$> +&\+f eTq #q\T
eT+$> +&*. eqd+> <&+ k~+#&+ d+ Xs nud+ nedseTeT+~. #d Xd\ sVd+ <
+~. | D bDyjTTeqT n+~d #d dq u+ eT\ |T k~+q|&T #q\T, e\T, #\ T @qTKeTesTT.
`|+ * j> uw+
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
72
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
$wjT d
1.
s>, yjeT$< ` u<HePV\T
2.
yjeT$< ` s> y> bs |D[
9 ` 34
3.
s>$< ` s> y> bs |D[
35 ` 44
1e s>
2e s>
6e s>
7e s>
8e s>
9e s>
10e s>
3e s>
4e s>
5e s>
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
73
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
1. s> ` yjeT$< ePV\T

$< |\\ d+|Ps $k <V<|&~> +&\ eTq+ u$dTH+. |\\qT dsq bsT\T> r]~<\+f e\+ $wjT |]Cq+ f d]b<T. # eTD,
Xs <sT&+, #TsTq #q yTT<qe nedseTesTT. n+<T bsX\ s> yjeT $<qT bs+X+> |yX|&+ ]+~. yjeT $< n+f |\\T @y
H\T>T \T &H, yje\T #dH d]b<T. bZq&+ <s eT+ HjT \D\qT |+b+<&+bT J$+ m<TsjT deTd\qT <s+> m<se&+,
>\T| zeTT\qT deq+> u$+#&+ e+{ dT>TD\T L& n\e]#~> yjeT $< +&*. bsX\ u<Hudq |jT s> yjeT $< |<H+X+>
neT\Ty*.
bsX\ s>, yjeT$< neT\T|s&+ dsq ePV\qT neT\T#j*. b<$T ksTT |+> yjeT b< jTT\T +&sT. { s>
b<jTT& u<H+X sV+#*. n+<T>qT s>, yjeT$<| nedsyTq ne>Vq b+<+<T w #j*. bs|D[ d+q n+X\| D
se bZ, djT+> H|D+ d+b~+#Ty*.
q bsX\ yjeT |]jT&qT | s>, | sp \sjT|{ sb+~+#*. yjeT b<jTT&T k<s D+> bsX\ s
+{sT { n s>T\ |]jT& n |qT\T #sTT+#&+ M\T<T. { | s> s]+q |]jT& yjeT $< neT\T ]> #&*. n+ |
|]jT&qT s d\ {sTT+#s<T. $$< &+X\ H|D+ * +&&+bT |\\qT $$< & b{\ | +|+<T w #j*. |\\+<s @< &
H|D+ k~+# #&&+ <s yjeT $< nqTq \ k~+#>\T>T+.
bsX\ \sjT|{ s>y> |]jT&T {sTT+q+ eq s>, yjeT$< neTqT <T. bsX\ ksTT |<Hb<jTT&T B neT\T |P]
u< eV+#*. s>, yjeT$< deTse++> neT\Ts >& |<q+> e*q~ & b+>D+. # # bsX\ dsq edT\T +&e. n+<Te\ s>,
yjeT$<| s <sD eeTjT |e<eTT+T+~. nedsyTq &d\+ @sT <\ qT+& d\ dsD yTT<\T= @jT nqTL\ |<X\ s>, yjeT$<
nud+#& neXeTT+T+< |<Hb<jTT&T dwyT q ne>Vq +&*. |D[\T sb+~+#>\>*. dsq HD *q & |]s\T =qT>\T #d |\\
n+<TuT +#*.
s>, yjeT$<| *<+&T\ nqTeH\qT e #d+<T, ne>Vq |+b+~+#+<T bsX\ |d]> *< +&T\ deyX\qT @sT #j*.
$< jTT |ses ysT >T]+# se\qT s| \q #dTy*. k+> $$< &\ H|D+ *q &sT\qT bsX\\ V+ y] se\qT
sV+#*. n&$T +&sY s]+q n+X\+{ neT\T|]#+<T b<jTT\ dVs+ m+ neds+. bsX\ nC+ & &\qT |<q n+X+> +#+<T
|<Hb<jTT&T, b<jTT\T, *<+&T\T, jeq+ d$Tw> w #j*. m+<T+f |\\T Xs+>, s>+> +fH bs+X\qT HsTe&+ #TsT>,
V+> +{sT.
yjeT+, s>+ |sds <] n+X\T { |\\T dsq s> n\yT HsTe&, s> n+X\+| ne>Vq b+<&, <s s>e+yTq
Jeq+ >&|& bsX\ dVjT|&*. s> ss\T y <T\qT bsX\ V+ ne>Vq se\T, s> |\T sV+#*. d\dt s]+q s>
n+X\| C\T, d$THsT, e, Kq+ b{\T yTT< q$ sV+ ne>Vq *> #j*.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
74
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
2. yjeT$< ` bs|D[
e s>
n+X\T
Resources
Activities / Process
q&e&eTT, es+ q&e&+, HeT~> q&e&+, HeT~> 1. d\+, $, e+&
|<s q, nqTsD
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b<\qT+& yT&es $$< <*\ Xs y&
*+#&+ .
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q&T#T, > +T, e+s{ + s> |sT > & + yTT<s TTq$.
\T
wH .
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e+&+>, wH, skH, |<s q, |]o\q, @> #]+#&+ .
yY bdsY, |sY.
b<eTT| \&&+, \TqT us#|, b<+| 5. M&j |sY, #sY, e{, |<sq, |]o\q, nqTsD k<q
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s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
75
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
yjeT$< ` bs|D[ ` s+&e s>

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n+X\T
Resources
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1. y]+>n|t e s> nuk\qT |q'XsD #jT&+ 1. $, e+&, yT<q+ $esD, d#q\T, |]o\q, d+d< 1. \ qT+&
eT]jTT +|+>, V|+> #sTT+#&+.
+|+>. V|+> bZH d<+ es, d
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Xs+ eTqdT d+d<T> jsT yje\T
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2. d nud+ 1 qT+& 5 es #sTT+#&+.
#jT&+, Xs kwe+ u +{ |< , d]#jT T, s+s+ >, qT+& d+w
|{ \T.
\jT<+> #]+#&+, V n+X\ =qk>*.
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yTT<\sTTq$ #sTT+#&+ .
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e b>TsT, |*q &, >Ti| q& b\T>T+{ 4. $, eT k+&. |\T, +Te\ nsT|\T, y{sT
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q&, $eqeTTqT nqT]+#T, dT, dsY
yVq, $eH\ Xu nqT]+#&+ ,
y .
+Te\ q&q T nqT]+#&+ .
5. $H<&\ T 5) <eTT d+V+, 6) <=+> bdt 7) |&< d 5. +T\T, $, dT<, H $esD, T\T> $u q #jT T, ]
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s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
76
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
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de+s+ > rdT= sy*.
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s #syd ~e<eT+. |\\T $< >s|&+ n+f eTqT eTT u$wT d+ d<+ #dTe&eTqe.
HsD+ Jeq+ k+#& T~ X\bT <V<sT&+ L& n+ eX+.
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s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
77
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
yjeT$< ` bs|D[ ` eT&e s>

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s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
78
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<TeTT, b] <TeTT yTT<q$.
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1) &dq+ 2) Ddq+ 3) |<dq+
]esT\T
7. j>
|<sq, |]o\q, $esD,
4) |eqeTTdq+ 5) Xydq+
H <w &\qT sY> m+| #dTe&+ |\\qT bV+# *<+&T yTq <Xu\T. &
<s, &sT\ <s <X+ ||+#|+ |+> >T]+| b+<&+ ]+<+f n& |\T,
|uT\T & $< |<| yXjT ns+ #dTe#T.
` $XH<H q+<
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
79
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
yjeT$< ` bs|D[ ` H\Ze s>

Resources
]esT\T
n+X\T
{ s +&T s> T \ nuk\T |q'XsD #jT &+ 1. $, e+&, d\+ |<s q, $esD, |]o\q, nqTsD , k+&+>,
eT]jTT u+&+> dsT, Ls= #d dsT.
d{+>, Xs+ $$< nejTy\ eT<
dT<.
deTqjT+ |+b+~+#T.
1, 2 eT]jTT 3 s>T\ nuk\qT |q'XsD 2. u& _*+> |{\T, e+&, skH $esD, |<sq,
d
bs_ b sY d E \T, |]o\q, 1`8 +{ #sD , u +{ |< ,
#sTT+#&+ .
M&j | sY, eT
d]#jTT, \jT<+>, s+s k<q
#jT &+
, e+&,
b H, &d +>, z|H ss ,Y C ss ,Y q TqT 3. $ , d T qeTT, & y T , |<s q, |]o\q, $esD, #sD
e]+>
eT dd+ , H e]+>, s kH |]o\q, #sD , d+ H bs wH,
s+&T eT&T qT> $u+#&+
(1,2,3 s>T\T |q'XsD #sTT+# |$ d \ y T | sY , qT+& H , r H bs wH esT
M&j |sY, e+&. e+& z|H ssT qT sy d+ H
#sTT+#*)
bs wH esT e+& C ss Y qT
|j ksT .
$H<&\ T ne#`ne#, neT #|+~. fyT+ d+V+, 4. $, e+&, dTq+, |<sq, |]o\q, $esD, #sD e+&,
s kH, |]o\q, #sD , $C\ |X+ d\T,
&+ &+ u\H, eT]jTT 4e s> {sTT+q d\+, k|ty#Y.
#{ \T, rNsY|t n_q+<q\T \b*.
PEC sT\T.
ed
eTT+<T |=T, |> |\T =&+, 5. s{, e{ (|sT |\T) |<sq, |]o\q, $esD, #sD, sT\
LsTq d qT+& yqT <=s& + , +& #eTT #<THq, dTs |<X+. dVs+ djT nud+ + e~]>
eTT+<T yqT <=sT.
e |\T =T yTT<q$.
. d+. e+
1. y]+>n|t
2.
3.
4.
5.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
80
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
yjeT$< ` bs|D[ ` H\Ze s>

]esT\T
Resources
n+X\T
#T\ >T, jTT, M|qT M|qT + 6. deT\ |<X+, e+& |<s q, |]o\q, $esD, #sD , $C\
6. qq
He]+>
b{ \T >T yTT<q$.
|X+ d\ n_q+<q\T.
(+u{d)t
1) &dq+ 2) Ddq+ 3) |<dq+
7. j>
7. j> |{\T, s{ |<sq, |]o\q, $esD, nqTsD.
4) uT+>dq+ 5) eTsdq+
. d+. e+
8. \jT<y T q 1. jH k+> ` b<jTT&T b 8. eT ddyT, $, &yT

eTT\T nqT>TD+> q{+#*. b&q b nqT>TD+> ;{+>.
|<s q, $esD, |]o\q, k<q desD.
|\\# n_qjT+ #sTT+#*.
kjT++ 5 qT+& 6 >+\ es |\\ &\ deTjT+. n~ u\\ V. deTjT+ wH n, |

s>T\ |\\| & e<T. y] Xs, eqd $k\ &&+&, #jTe+&. |\* q+<+>
+&e+&.
|\\ Xs, eqd $k\ <V<|& yjeT $<qT bsX\ u<H s|+> u>keT+
#dTe&+ q#| #&&eT+f $< \\ k<q <q +& |jD+#&yT.
`bjTXb
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
81
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
yjeT$< ` bs|D[ ` <e s>

. d+. e+
1. y]+>n|t
n+X\T
|Ps s> T \ |q'XsD
Resources
1.$, e+&, d\+ \ qT+& es < qT+& bs+_+q

b sY d E \T \ es d + +~ + q$>
dT<.
#sTT+#*.
2. d
1 qT+& 3e s> q 15 nuk\T |q'XsD 2.e+&, &yT, eT, Xs+ nejTy\ eT< deTqj,
#jT &+.
$, yT<q+, dT<, H y+>, d&y+>, k C+>, >C> s+>,
+|+>, V|+>, ky+> #sTT+#*.
e]+>.
3. e]+>
esYf+ esY, V, bssY esY, s { M , |Mt , 3.e+& &yT ;{+>, eT |<sq, $esD, |]o\q, #sD, u+{
nd+; eT]jTT &dt$Td.
dd+ ]]+>, 1,2,3 < |< + d]#jT &+, \jT<+ >, s+s
k<q> bsYdE\T 1 qT+& 6 dT yTT+
|`t s { `|t e+&
*| k<q #jTeqT.
4. $H<&\ T >< (yT`yT\|]) ` n&+ <] n&+ `

bT |\+ . eT]jTT 5e s> {sTT+q
4.e+&, $.
PEC sT\T.
5. ed
q&Td eTT+<T yTT>yZ j

T T (<=sT ) d>+ ]
yTT>Z j
T T, \& |\ T =T, 'V' s+
5.s{, |sT |\T.
Ls=qT yTT<q$ ed bwH.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
]esT\T
82
|<s q, e+&| $esD, #sD \jT<+ >

s+s k<q, \&q# esYf+ esY,
eTT+<T k>T #jT T bssYe sY, (|t
< s { ) s { M / |Mt e+&qT eT]jTT
esYbdt eTT+|q nd+; eT]jTT &d$t Td
eTT+| #jTeqT.
$esD, |]o\q, $C\ n_q+<q\T
|<s q, $esD, |]o\q, #sD , djT nud+,
|q'XsD #jT &+.
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
yjeT$< ` bs|D[ ` <e s>

Resources
n+X\T
. d+. e+
6. $dTsT + $dTsT, |T=qT, |T= eT $dTsT

6.+T\T, { u.
\T
yTT<\sTTq$.
7. j>
1) &dq+ 2) Ddq+ 3) |<dq+

4) uT+>dq+ 5) |eqeTTdq+
6)<qTsdq+ 7) eCdq+
8) eTsdq+.
7.j> #sT\T, s{.
]esT\T
|<sq, $esD, |]o\q.
|<sq, $esD, |]o\q.
8. \jT<y T q
|<sq, |]o\q, \jT<+> e+& `
8.eT
d
d
+
,
$
,
&
y
T
.
eTT\T Cq|< qeTTq \jT<+ > |\\ # qeTT\T
skH |< #sD.
\T &&+ \|+ d+ <T. s|{ ||+#+ m<TsjT dyqT k>d |]w]+# d H+<
|{+#TH+<T n+~eq neX \T
` EusTT
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
83
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
yjeT$< ` bs|D[ ` 6e s>

Resources
n+X\T
. d+. e+
y]+>n|t/ 1) y+> 2) k C+> 3) d +> yjeT+ d\+, e+&, $.
1. d+dB s D + 4) yje\T {|t T uyT (\ qT+&
bs+_+ es =qk>*)
2. j>
1) &dq+ 2) |eqeTTdq+
3)qb<dq+ 4) X\udq+
5) dTUdq+ 6) edq+ 7) eCdq+
8) Xydq+ 9) dsqeTkseTT\T
3. edt&
1 *d:
(keTV b) sY bsYdE\T _) #dt bsYdE\T
+)
d) d{+> bsYdE\T
2. &+T: 1 qT+& 6 nudeTT\T
3. y+& &: 1 qT+& 6 nudeTT\T
4. b>&: 1 qT+& 6 nudeTT\T
4. yT
1. |{ yT
b) bwH ` 1 qT+& 5 nuk\T
_) C d) { &) >b+
2. s& yT
b) bwH 1 qT+& 4 nuk\T
_) #sY nyC d) <=sT
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
]esT\T
&edwH, nqTsD, b$T e+&

bs+u+, |]o*+#&+. bsYdC #jT&
eTT+<T, #dTq|&T, #dq sy H&y>
n+#H yj*.
bdsY, #sY, |sY, e{, j> beTTKqT *jT|s*. &edw H ,
ys b|H w H , nudqeTT, |]o\q, |s yD
s{.
dsqeTkseTT\ beTTKqT *jT|s# *.
d\ +, &yT , $, &+T, e+& e]+> bs+_+#*. 2/3 H
y+&, b>, eT dd+, bs wH @sT#j *.
` |<sq, $esD, |]o\q, e+&
b>d.
` u+{ |< $esD, desD #j*.
` \jT<+>, s+s k<q 1`8 +{
] 8`1 es =qkdT+&*.
` bsYdEqT+& eTs= bsYdE
esTq|& e+& #+C |j+#*.
` eTT+| <X e+& V eTT+#*.
` $<sT\qT 2/3 HbswH #j*.
d\+, yT |]s\T, ` |< s q`$esD, |]o\q, nudeTT #sTT+#*.
&yT, essY, eT dd+, ` e+& q skHqT |]o*+#*.
` \jT<+> s+s+ k<q #jTT `
$, e+&.
d]#jTT.
84
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d

. d+. e+
5. ed
n+X\T
Resources
]esT\T
bsY bsYdE\T:
d\+, s{, |sT|\T, `
b) #Yu\H _) d{+> bssYs &yT, essY, eT dd+. `
d) uesYs &) k+&+> bssY s
) k+&+> uesY s.
`
`
$<sT\qT 2/3 HbswH #j*.

|<sq ` $esD, |]o\q, nudeTT
#sTT+#*.
e+& q skHqT |]o*+#*.
\jT<+> s+s+ k<q #jTT `
d]#jTT.
` Xs <&eTT *q y] yTT<
esTd +#*.
` * sTe *q y] | esTd
+&TqT> ]+#*.
6. |s$ T&
1) <] \sTT #jTTq$

2) eTTZ] \sTT #jTTq$
3) q\T>T] \sTT #jTTq$
e{, |sT |\T, s{,

|{\T M&j>|,
d &.
7. n<{
1. kssY s\T
2. |w+> s\T
3. 100 MTs |sT>T
4. +>+|t
dTq+, e+&, $, s|t, ` { n+& | y+ b<$ T H| D

b>, k|ty#dt #sY, |sY, *jT|sT #T.
M&j|sY, d &, jH ` k+> >, s sY> , >T]+q sT y s +&+{
eT< +&e\dq <seTT, Ls=H $<H\T
| sY, d\ +.
|<]+#*. $esD, |]o\q, |syD
` d&+> <s+, 30 MT. , 50 MT. <s+
#sTT+#*.
` |<s q, $esD |]o\q, djT nu dqeTT
|s yD
` +> +|t nb#YsH, f|t, >*
#T, |{ <.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
85
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d

. d+. e+
8. > yT
n+X\T
T \T:
1) & 2) U U 3) fsTT{
4) uu&$T+H 5) yu 6) {
7) |{u 8) V 9) ud{u
10) V+&u 11) k|tu 12) u&$T+H
13) fTfdt 14) #dt 15) u
d#q: |q |s=q&q 15 n+X\ nud+
#sTT+#*.
$H<| &\T:
1. se seD sC
2. d >&jseTT
3. \+&
4. $we\jTeTT
5. |dt {>
6. H\T>T d+u
7. |qsY #C
8. T&> sTeTT
9. eT+<+ &eTT
10. >< ` |#T
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
]esT\T
$$< &\ d++~+q d\T, `

&|]s\T: XX |]s\T, b,
fsTT{, yu, |{u, ud{u, `
u, w{ u&$T+H, u u&$T+H,
V V]+usY, bs usY, seTH ]+>,
y*+> u, y*+> VsY, d+>usY, ksYusY,
k|t & >y#Y u, H{, s{, , >ddt,
`
b&, d+ |t, usTT, d> sY , b> Team
games (any three)
9. yTq sY > yT
Resources
>yT (yT<q edT\qT{ 5`6

n+X\T) nud+.
&\ |]#jT + ` X\ |<s q\T,
|Hd |<, |<sH|<,
es b|HwH, e+&,
b>dy bsY |<, VbsY
V |<, d{ |<.
d dHbH, qs dHbH
| s + d # q\T, d\ V \T,
C>\T b{+#*.
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eT]jTT {eTT\y> #jTT.
`
11. ` u
= u, dTq+, $, e+&, d\ +,
12. |* b\T
`
13.M<T\T ` d+<T\T k|yt #Y.
`
14.k|t ` C
15.beTT\T |fy&T
`
16. b{{ ><]+>
17. M|\ +
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19. eTTd*y&T
20. d# ` |T&+
86
|<s q ` $esD ` \T> <

keTV+> bZqT
n+<sT bZH #&*
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n+~+#*.
#s|<, _qyTq &\
>&+q e> nqTuy\qT
|+#Ty*.
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d

. d+. e+
10. e]+>
11. bs=_
12. +u{y
Resources
n+X\T
e+&: 1. nfqH 2) k+& b{ C
dTq+, H e]+>, &yT, ` 2 < 3 H\ $<sT\qT \T#T+&
3. s{&dt 4. dt|+{ 5. k+&
u{*. e+& nfqH, k+& b{ C,
eT ]]+> ddyT.
s { &d,t dt|+ {, k+&
sY: 1. s{sY 2. |tsY 3. bu{sY.
` sY e+& s { sY, |t sY, musY
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bs=_ ` |]#jT+
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essY, &yT, bdsY
bs=_ y]+>n|tt bsYdC \T
M&j | sY, $, e+&, ` yTT< y]+> bsYdE\T#d nT
bs=_ ` nud+ #sTT+#T
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bs=_ ` L&H bsYdC\T #sTT+#&+. eT ddyT.
L&H bsYdE
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eT]jTT sy \TdTy*.
$, dTq+, He]+>. ` |<s q ` $esD ` nud+ #sTT+#*.
k|t ()
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H zesY u ()
H & |{ ()
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
87
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d

Resources
n+X\T
. d+. e+
1. d+dB s D + 1. y+>, 6 e s> n+X\qT |qXsD d\+, $ e+&.
#jT &+.
` d+ H bswH #sTT+#*.
` ns#+<s+/ ejT\js+ +
yjeT |jT\T sV+#*.
` |<sq, $esD, |]o\q, |syD.
2. j>
b) j>dq jTe\T`j>dq b{ +<q \T bdsY, M&j |sY

s{, |sT |\T.
_) dH\T: 1. &dq+ 2. Dd+
3. |<dq+4. |eq eTTdq+
5. eCdq+ 6. uT+>dq+
7. ds+>dq+ 8.Xydq+
9. dsqeTkseTT\T
3. edt&
1 *d:
b) sY bsYdE\T _) #dt bsYdE\T
d) d{+> bsYdE\T
2. &+T: 1 qT+& 6 nudeTT\T
3. y+& &: 1 qT+& 6 nudeTT\T
4. b>&: 1 qT+& 6 nudeTT\T
&yT, &+T, y+&, b> ` | b s w H s > s

sb+~+#T=qT
eTdd y T , e+&,
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$, b>d.
` |<sq ` $esD, |]o\q, d]#jTT
` \jT<+> s+sk<q #jTT.
4. yT
1. |{ yT bsYdE\T
b) u _) <yT <
2. s& yT bsYdE\T
b) >|+> _) yT$TjT
yT |]s\T, &yT
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$.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
88
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|]o\q, |syD.
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#jTT.
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sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d

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5. ed
6. |s$ T&
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8. > yT
n+X\T
1. bsY bsYdE\T:
b) n+& bu u\H _) V&k+& u\H
d) k+&+> bssY s
&) k+&+> uesY s ) sYM
1. 6e s> n+X\qT |q'XsD+ #sTT+#T
2. b) <T>T] \sTT #jTTq$
_) 6 >T] \sTT #jTTq$
d) 7>T] \sTT #jTTq$
d+{ (csY &dHsH): 200 MTs |sT>T,
Resources
` |<sq, $esD, |]o\q

|sT|\T, s{, |{\T,
` $<] djT nudq+
M&j | sY.
` |s yD
|sT|\T, s{, |{\T, ` |<sq, $esD, |]o\q
` _q sb\ |s$T& k<q
M&j | sY, d& .
$T& &dH sH: 800 MTs |sT>T

V+|t, c{|{.
dTqeTT, H e ssY, $s|t, `

k|ty#Y,f|t, jH |sY
`
d\+, c{|{, +>+|t
|{. V+|t |{. c{|{ `
d].
6e s> \qT |q'XsD #sTT+#*.
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$esD, nud+, |]o\q, |syD.
]ksYqT |j +#T=qT.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
]esT\T
89
{ & | y + { \ b< $ T
H| D\T *jT|sT .
V+|t nb#YsH, f|t, usYqT
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c{|{ c{qT |T=H $<H\T,
>&+>, $&T<\ #jTT
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d

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9. yTq sY > yT
10. e]+>
Resources
n+X\T
]esT\T
` e\js+ < | bswH s>

dTq+, H e ssY, $, s,
s+.
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11.|*èTw`dbsTT
wH, e+&.
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2.|< ePV+
12.eq+f <T`<+f
` $C\ |X+ d\T, b>&\ T, n_q+<q\T
3. be] >TsT
neqT
b*.
4. s `
13. edTe |sT #|+&
5. beTT ` eTT+d 14.
6. d>
15. Vq
7. &>T&
16. >T&|\
8. ne ` >e 17. e e
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|d+
19. #>T&
10. n<+
20. =+&|q eT+
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d) T H bswH
2. z|H ssY
3. C ssY
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sY: b) 6e s> n+X\ |qXsD
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d) esY fyT V
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
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]+#*.
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#|+#*.
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` |]o\q, \jT< k<q #jTT.
90
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
11. bs=_
12. +u{y
Resources
n+X\T
. d+. e+
b) bs=_ y]+> n|t bsYdE\T #sTT+#T yTbH / |.b. ddyT,

_) bs=_ nudeTT #sTT+#T
essY,
d) bs=_ L*+> &H yjeT+ #sTT+#T &yT ,
bdsY, M&j |sY,
$,
e+&,
eT ddyT.
b) *|+> +f|t ()
_) H| ()
d) sdsY |{ ()
&) d|+> {dt ()
$, dTq+, e]+>,
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|s yD .
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XuyTq >*, d#yTq sT, k uq+, |]X< ueq. H\T>T eqe& nedsyTq eTTK jTe\T.
dTKX+T\H$ ] e # y{| <s|& +{sTT. n+ y] qT+& e |#TH y{| <T.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
91
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d

n+X\T
. d+. e+
1. d+dB s D + 7 e s> n+X\qT |q'XsD #jT&+.
2. j>
3. edt&
4. yT
b) dsqeTks\T nud+ #sTT+#T:

_) dH\T: 1. &dq+ 2. |eqeTTdq+
3. Msu<dq+ 4. dT+<dq+
5. |<dq+ 6. dTUdq+ 7. eCdq+
8. uT+>dq+ 9. ds+>dq+ 10.Xydq+
11. dsqeTkseTT\T
1 *d:
b) + bsYdC\T _) u+&+> bsYdE\T
d) nu$Tq bsYdE\T &) > bsYdE\T
) d|+> bsYdC\T
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3. 9 eT+~ |s$T& ]+#&+.
4. 10 eT+~ |s$T& ]+#&+.
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_) |H+&T eT+~ \sTT #jTTq$.
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b) d+{: 1) 100 MTs |sT>T
2) 200 MTs |sT>T 3) 400 MTs |sT>T
_) V]: 110 MTs |sT>T
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96
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97
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98
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99
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101
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104
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]esT\T
1. Xs+
mT, sTe =\e&+, Xs+ meTT\T, |#d $<q+ ` C>\T, Xs b\T `

ne>Vq.
+, #s
2. |]ds\T
` eTq+ uq+ #d |<X+ |]Xu+> +&&+ neds+.

` eTq #T\T +> Xu+> Hj?
` dJe\T eTq s>+| |ue+ #|j?
` &, |s{, HqT H{q yTT.
` bwVs+ >T]+ \TdTe&+.
` sE eTq+ H Vs|<s\ bw\T *q$ +& #dTe&+ / bwVs n\yT.
\T, \T
3. Vs+ `
bw $\Te\T
` {<s e# y<T\T, rdTe\dq C>\T.

4. sT
` #]q { b+<T >*?
` { b<T|> y&Te&+ eTq u<.
5. s> n\yT $$< d+<s\ ]> qq |e<\T, >j\ T&+, |<eT ?
y<T\T ne>Vq nHs>, s> &\qT >T]+#&+. e&<, y<T\T ` \TT, nHs>+ m edT+~?
nHs> >Tsqy]| eTq+ m |e]+#*.
6. ke s>+ s&T +<q\qT b{+#&+. eT&qeT\T, ~wrjT&+.
nesTT\T, nusTT\T <s deqyT.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
106
\T, #s\T
\T, \T
#s
#s
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
s>$< ` bs|D[ ` 7e s>

. d+. e+
n+X\T
]esT\T
1. Xs+
n+<+> |+#&e T+f @$T{?

<TdT\T, Xs |]Xu, |esq\| >\ n|qeT\T, sT\qT >s$+#&+.
\T, <\T djT

nqTuy \T
2. |]ds\T
` s>\qT y|#d yV\qT >T]+ \TdTe&+.

` eTq |]ds\ <eT\T, >\T +& +&\+f eTq+ @$T #j*?
` \Tw+ s>+| #| |uy\T. (&, |s{, Hq T H{q yTT).
\T, ys\T, #s\T
` Vs+ d+d, k+|<j\ >\ d++<+.

bw $\Te\T ` k+|<jT Vs |<s\T , s>ksTT.
` b |&`qc\T.
` eTq+ m+ sT >*? m|&|&T, m >*?
4. sT
` { \eD\T, bsddt y~ ne>Vq.
` bsddt`= C>\T.
5. s> n\yT ` Vs |<s\ MT< eT\T|&+. uCs\ <=] qT+&s\T q+& +&&+. |<eT
y<T\T ne>Vq , s+{c \&+.
` Ls>jT\T, |+&T y&TH eTT+<T Xu+ #dTe&+. y<T\T ` <>TZ.
3. Vs+ `
` eTqMT< eTq dVT\ |ue+/ <Ts\yT qTe&+/ C>\T rdTe&+ b?

6. ke s>+ s>+èT&qeT\T, y\T`y<+.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
107
#s,\T qeTH\T
\T, \T #s\T
\T, #s\T,
| q\T
#s, |q\T
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
s>$< ` bs|D[ ` 8e s>

. d+. e+
1. Xs+
2. |]ds\T
3. Vs+ `
bw $\Te\T
4. sT
n+X\T
eqd s>+ n+f @$T{?
eTqdT u>be&+ y\.
Xs |sT>T<\, <>\T (|+ m+<T edT+~?)
` &, |]sD |D[.
` bsX\ |]ds\qT |#<q+ +|<+.
` $$< s\ |+&T, Ls>jT\T, |P\yTT\ +\T d]+#&+, |+#&+, |+#&+.
(&, |s{, HqT H{q yTT)
` { Vs+ @\+ <=]$ \+ q&+.
` <T Vs |<s\T/ +|&` qc\T.
` \yTq Vs+ #e> jsT#jT&+, y{ @ bw |< s\T +{sTT.
` L&+\T <V+ rsTkj? L&+ @eTT+T+~?
` $TqsysY ejC\+.
]esT\T
#s , djT nqTuy \T
#s, +, dsD
#s, \T, ys\T,

H<\T, +
\T, #s, yk\T
5. s> n\yT ` ` $w+Te\T (beTT, \T) ]q|&T |<eT #j T&+.

#s , +s
` |Cs> d+d\T/ PHC / BLOOD BANK / yTT<\>Tq$.
y<T \T`
y<T\T ` \H=|.
ne>Vq
eTq+ b |>\e? sT\ |e]+#&+ b? \ s+#Te&+ \T`\Vq\T |<s q, #s
6. ke s>+ eT&qeT+ ` dH |& \+ edT+<?
$jT><\T
$TeT* |u$+ #dq ysesT?
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
108
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
s>$< ` bs|D[ ` 9e s>

. d+. e+
1. Xs+
n+X\T
Xs |sT><\| |ue+ #| n+X\ >T]+ ne>Vq, & SMART Analytic Xsb\T,

T |, #s
qq b>=Te&+, $Xd+ b+<&+.
3. Vs+ `
bw $\Te\T
` &, |]sD |D[.

` bsX\ |]ds\qT |#<q+ +|<+.
` $$< s\ |+&T, Ls>jT\T, |P\yTT\ +\T d]+#&+, |+#&+, |+#&+.
(&, |s{, HqT H{q yTT)
` V&+\T kj? V&+ @eTT+T+~?
` |, <j, s> +& d++<+.
4. sT
{ eqsT\T, es\+, yd$\ { >T]+ rdTe\dq C>\T.

` q+ sT >be&+, eT$dsqqT |e&+ e\q *> qc\T.
2. |]ds\T
]esT\T
#s, +, dsD
#s , +
#s
>j\qT Xu+ #jT&+, |sTTH\sT, $$TH e\T, qT*|sT>T\ e\T yTT<\>T y{ >T]+ #s , +s
5. s> n\yT ` \TdTe&+.
` |<eT `s>&+, H{>\T &+, eTTq>&+.
y<T\T `
` yTT{eT\T, y<T\T`sVq.
ne>Vq
` TTT#+, rdTe\dq C>\ T, u\Ts ~rjT+ \D
\| ne>Vq/ & n~>$ T+#&+ .
ke d++<\T b{+#&+ ` ke TuT e |]esq MT< |ue+ \TdTe&+.
<j\T|&j ` eT&qeT\T, dVT\ |ue+ ` <Ts\ yT ` b>>&+, ks
6. ke s>+ >n\yT, >T{, sb\<s ke s> |#s+.
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
109
#s
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
s> $< ` bs|D[ ` 10e s>

. d+. e+
1. Xs+
n+X\T
Xs, Jeeed\ >T]+ ne>Vq.
|qsT \D\T ` ne>Vq.
<>\T ` jT+D.
]esT\T
#sT\T, |d\T, #s\T
2. |]ds\T
` n_e~`|sesD *> V.
` dTds n_e~ n+f @$T{?
3. Vs+ `
bw $\Te\T
&, |s{, HqT H{ yTT

` Vs+| |sT>T eT+<T\ |ue+.
` |jD deTjT+ rdTH Vs+, C>\T.
+, #s
` |]XuyTq eT+{ ds|s ` RO System.

` k {ds|s eed`|]Xu.
+, #s
4. sT
#s, ys+X\T
` = s\ T\T, rdTe\dq C>\T.

5. s> n\yT `
s|&q+, H& =Te&+ >T]+ \TdTe&+.
y<T \T`
s+`& y<+, |<eT bDsD d\T.
ne>Vq
_.|. =*# |]s |j+#&+.
+, #s
eTq+ eTq u$wT ` u$wT \\qT @ss#Te&+/ d e \ (|+&T>\T, Xus\T)

6. ke s>+ bZq&+.
eTq }]d+ eTqyT$T #<+.
eT&qeT\T ` >VD+ #d?
#s, |d\T #<e&+
s>`yjeT$< bs|D[
110
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
| ` +|PsY $<
bs |D[ 1 qT+& 10 s> T \T
sw $<, |]X<q, D d+d

V<su<T
| ` +|PsY$< bs |D[
111
sh $<, |]X<q , D d+d
sb+~+q ysT
|$<
+|PsY $<
leT . cu\, |Hd\T, &{, $su<, s+>s&

l . |usY, $X+ djTsY |Hd\T, &{, s\T
l $. lydT\T, d ndd+{, m+.|.jTT.|.mdt, {b&T, s\T
l jT+. syTX, d ndd+{, &.|.V#Y.mdt, #sT#s, s\T.
& leT \ eq, d ndd+{, &.|.V#Y.mdt, #+<T|, q\>=+&
leT . esD, d ndd+{, .V#Y.mdt, nMTsY| H+.1, V<su<T.
leT edT+<s, d ndd+{, &.|.V#Y.mdt, sT#qsT, sT
l .$.mH.|. esY, d, syT&j dt, V<su<T

l m+. >Bwt uT, b>yT |dsY, d`&, V<su<T
l eTVX es, q+{, .{, V<su<T
l m+. se+HjTT\T, |Hd\T, &{ $su<, s+>s&
$wjT|DT\T, m&{+>
& mH. |+<sYs&
sw $<, |]X<q, D d+d
V <su<T.
& |. Cs&
+> bs|d\ ]HsY
sw $<, |]X<q, D d+d
V<su<T.
eTTK d\V<sT\T
l . >bs&
d+#\\T
sw $<, |]X<q, D d+d
V<su<T.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
l W.G. |dq esY

d+#\\T
Hwq ^H sY
V<su<T.
112
leT $. csD, .m.mdt.

MTwqsY, bsX\ $<
V<su<T
+< |<X
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
eTT+<Te
bsX\ ksTT eT]jTT ksTT # eT+~ $<sT\ +q $< |eD\T +&&+ <T. <VsD 10 d+es\T +^w HsTq
e |\T +& q n_bj\qT e]+#&+>, s+> sjT |]dT\ H&T. _.md u Xd+ #<Teq e d |fqT u>T#jT
d, |PC m+<T bT+~, < ysD esZ$T{ *jT d H&T. |D b+\ eT< eT]jTT q ksTT esZ\ #+~q |\\T e+
#jT&+, \T }&e&+, T&e&+, |qT\T yTT<\>T >V d++<yTq q q |qT\T L& #jT&+ <T. #jT& w|&&+ <T. n$ y] ksTT q~>
ysT u$+#&+ <T. | esZ\ #+~q d\T eT J$ \eT+ ny |qT\T #dTH y] >T]+|qT>, ksTT> e&+ <T nq $wj bsX\
ksTT L& mes ++#&+ <T. eTs= e #b\+f @$<yTq #sD keTs\T, H|D\T e\+ | d]|T eyT bsX\\T
eT]jTT J\T |<q+ #dTHsTT. |\y&T T++ eT]jTT de+ qT+& HsTq b<$T CH, |jT nqT HsTq XeT $\TeqT, <qT
bsX\ se& eTT+< y&q VQeTTK H|D\qT bsX\\T HXq+ #dTHjTq&+ nXj <T.
| #jT+& @ eTw q+< b+<&T. n_e~ k~+#&T. #d | <e+ deq+. |H eTw e eT]jTT |e. <Ts<weXT, XeT|
>se+ Z, X$T+# y] q#| #&&+ sT>T+~.
]|syTq n+X\ eTT&|&+&, < bZq&+ <s nudq+ eT]jTT n_e~ &&< |. | <s HsTe&+, HsTe&+ d+ |
#jT&+ nH$ $T[yTq n+X\T.
#<Te+f de#seT, {|{ |\T sjT&+ nH ueq H { de+ bT= bsTT+~. T\T, s |qT\T $< <T nH qeT+
\|&+~. XdjT ueq\qT, HsTe& |, |<s HsTe&+ s+&+{ sD+> | $< n+s>+ #j*q eX @s&+~.
| #jT&eT+f |\\ $\Te\T, yKsT\T eT]jTT H|D\T e~ #+<&+. | <s dH, u<, \dyT\d |#jT&+, >se+, dVq+,
eTD, de+ d++<\T e+{ \D\T |+b+<&+bT |\\ dH, ke eT]jTT uy keTs\T n_e~ #+<TsTT.
NCF-2005 | <s |\\ $$< bs+X\T Hs\, <s |\ | keTs\T eT]jTT H|D\qT |+b+~+#\ d++~. $<V
#+`2009 L& |$<qT \|] |$<qT |+> +&, s bs+X\ dVbs se\ d$T[+ #j *. |$< |d]> s
$wj\ (d) bs\ u>+> +&*q neds+ <T.
eekjT+, e&+>+, +&\T #jT&+ e+{ k k+|<jT T\qT jsT #jT&yT |. m+#Tq | k+ H|D @$<yTq d++<+
<T. b<jTT\T u<q, |syD\ eyT +&, |jTq bZH*.
|$< dVbs n+X+> bsX\ neT\eT+~ {, eT+q+ #jT&+ neds+. s]+q eT+q d\| b<jTT\T ne>Vq
* +&*. eT+q+ s+s+, deT>+> =qk>*.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
113
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
$wjT d
1.
|$< ` H|<+ ` eX
5 ` 10
2.
|$< ` s> y> bs |D[
11 ` 20
3.
+|PsY$< ` eX
21 ` 23
4.
+|PsY$< ` s> y> bs |D[
24 ` 38
1e s>
2e s>
6e s>
7e s>
8e s>
9e s>
10e s>
3e s>
4e s>
5e s>
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
114
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
1. | $< ` H|<+ ` eX
usrjT de+, +{, b\, <TD\, s b+\ |#jT&+ |\\ <q+~q J$+ u>yTbsTT+~. >e\ |qT\T me> q
deTjT+ |\\T eekjT|qT\T, +&\T, T\T yTT<\>Tq$ #jT&+ *<+&T\ dVjT+ #jT&eTH~ dsk<s D+. |\y&T #d| n CH,
ke, eqd s+>\ VQeTTK nudH neX+ *d u<Hudq |jT neT\yTq eqsT> |j>|&T T+~.
bsX\\T, |\\ q | nqTuy\qT s+ #jT&yT +& q#| #d |qT\ y] <s+ #dTHsT. | \\T bsX\ deTjT+ sy>,
#<Te |PssTTq sy> eT |qT\ dVjT+ #jT& sd]+#&+ $#]dTq *<+&T\qT H{ eTq+ >MTD yesD+ #&e#T.
|k\J, zyH, {kjTY , CH &M eT]jTT >+BJ e+{ $<y\ T < L&q XeTqT deTd bsX \ nqTuy \ eT\+> #j \ |jT +#sT.
#] H|<+:
k+ eTT+< eTq <X n_e~|<+ q&| ~X> CrjT $< MTwqT mH |b<q\T #XsTT. n+<T u>+>H |$< d++~+q
|b<q\qT #sD+> sV+#& w #XsTT.
1937 ys ]q CrjT $< deyX+ >+B>sT CrjT $< $<H, ud m&TwH s|+ |ejT $< $<H d+#sT. B
|s+ J$ |]dT\qT |_+_+# < L&q | , nudq+ nqTd+<q+ #jT&+ <s Cq deTTbsqjT +& $\Te\T, H|D\T n_e~
#+<TjT |s=HsT.
#\ <s |\y yT<dT n_e~ #+<\ \, #sTT eT]jTT V<jT+ eT&+{ dyT+ #jT&+ <s |\y& d+|Ps n_e~ k~+#e#
>+BJ n_bjT+. #eT\ e<eT+> k eqsT\qT |j + $<q+~+#\ >+B>] +. s+ <s+ e&|&T >D+, keqXd+
eT]jTT k+|T Xk\qT dMT+ #d u~+#e#TqHsT .
CrjT $<$TwH (1964`66) | nqTue+ .... nH~ $<qT | nqTd+<+# |<> |s=HsT. | nqTue+, jTTe b~ esZ\qT
#|&yT +&, || u<qT, X$T+# |+, CrjT <q b\T|+#TH #dT+<, MTwH <{++~.
CrjT $< MTwH (1964`66) |b<q\ <s+> 1977 CrjT $< MTwH k+|T+> |jTTyTq < L&q | (SUPW) $<
u>+> +#\ d++~. n|{ qT+& SUPW (Socially Useful Productive Work) dV bs+X+> =qk+~.
sh $< |D[ |$< dsq kq+ be&+ n+ X#jT+. bsX\ |D[ $< d++<yTq $wj\ b<qd | nqTuy
s+ #d+~. $<] b+< Cq+ |\ rs eyT |j>|& +~. J$ deTd\qT m<Ts=H ds, keTs *+# <T. (|`$<
d++<+ +& b+~)
|$< b<qqT >T]+ CrjT $< |D[ #+`2005 (NCF), |<s |\\ $$< bs+X\qT H]+#\, <s |\\ | keTs\T,
H|D\T |+b+~+#\ d++~. $<V #+`2009 (RTE) L& $< <s uw, d+d, eT\qT \TdTH V |\\ +< |{++~.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
115
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
$$< MTwqT, $T{\T | nqTue+ |] | #<Te u>+> Hs& bsX\ |yX|{q|{ |$< neT\TrsT |Xs+> e]+~.
ydy |$<, u\] n+f _q n_bj\Tq H{ d e+ +~ |X\ >T]+ +#*q neds+ @s&+~.
| n+f @$T{?
$< | jTT b<q @$T{?
|$<, u\] eT< & @$T{?
| $< |D[ m+<T n+s>+ #j*?
|$< <s u\u* @jT $\Te\T, H|D\T |+b+<TsTT?
|$<, | d+d |+#\+f bsX\ m+{ se\T sV+#*?
|$<qT n_e~ #jT&+ mesT, m+{ u<\T rdTy*? |D[qT m jsT #dTy*?
| n+f?
]|syTq n+X\ eTT&|&+&, < bZq&+ <s nudq+ eT]jTT n_e~ &&< |. | <s HsTe&+, HsTe&+ d+
|#jT&eTH~ $T[yTq n+X\T.
bsX\ |$<, u\] eT< ek # eT+~ >T]+#&+ <T. d+b<q d+ | #jT&+ u\] neT+~.
|$< ` eX:
#<Teq ysT H&T eT |qT\T yT #dTe&+ L& Hyw> u$+#&+, |#jT&+ eT u< <, |#d+< T ys e\T+{s u$+#&+
sT>TTq~. | d+d be&+, |#d y] >s$+#be&+ +<q *+# $wj\T. ydy | L& #q, n_esD, dH\T
+{sTT. |\\T eT u\+ | nqTuy\ <s, n+f $$< |qT\T #jT&+ <s mH $wj\qT d+<s+> >V ksT. HsTe&, | #jT&+
nH~ b<$T <X e<eT+. #<Te+f de#seT, < C|eTT+#T= n|C|&yT HsTe&+ nH ueq \|&q d+<s+ | jTT beTTK
qTeTsT>+~. T\T, s |qT\T $< <T nH ueq \|&+~. nXdjT ueq\qT =\+ ||, |#d y]| >se ue+ |+b+~+#
#j*. HsTe& |, | <s HsTe&+` s+&+{ sD+> | $< n+s>+ #j*q eX @s&+~. | #jT&eTH~ dy,
$H<y L&<T. |#jT&+ n+f |\\ $\Te\T, yKsT\T eT]jTT H|D\T e~ #+<*. | <s *dyT\d |#j T&+, dH, u<, >se+,
dVq+, eTD, |ks H|D\T, de+ d++<\T e+{ \D\T |+b+<&+bT |\\ CH, ke, uy keTs\T e~ #+<TsTT.
n++& de+ &T>T, \VqesZ\ |\\qT, $+>T\qT, n\d+U\ |\\qT, & eydq, & qT+& |+|+ydq |\\qT eT]jTT u*\qT
|$< ]d deTd\qT, \Vq\qT n~>$T+ k~s k~+# dV]dT+~.
H|<+ |$<qT, $<|D[ u>+ #d, $<sT\ | keTs\T, $\Te\T eT]jTT H|D\qT |+b+~+#T>qT 3e s> qT+& 10e
s> es |$<qT |yX|&+ ]+~.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
116
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
$<|eD\T ` |:
+~ $wj\qT <w +#T=, | $<|D[ u>+> #ssT.
| nH~ $<sT\ ke eT]jTT ] dsb\qT \TdT=H M\TqT *dT+~. n++& y] nudH d+<s+> nse++ #dTH
dVjT|&TT+~.
dV+>H |\\T, eT |qT\T yT #dTe& w|&sT. ysT |j+# edTe\ j |jT\qT \TdTe& V+ #|sT.
| $<|D[ #s&+ <s, de+ eT]jTT bsX\ deTT<j\ eT< q n+s |P]+#e#T.
| $$< keTs\T` CH, ke eT]jTT uy keTs\T b+< neX+ *dT+~. yT<dT eT]jTT #T\ nudq+ ]> yesD+
| <s \_dT+~.
eekjT+, #|\T |&+, e&+>+, +&\T #jT&+ +{ k k+|<jT T\qT jsT #jT&yT |. ~ Ky Tq k+ H|D+
jsT#d n+XyT +&\ @MT <T. |d]> ke , ] n+X\ d++~+q<, |\y&T j d jT+> bZH >,
u>+ njT > +&*.
| $<sT\ ejTdT\ nqT>TD+> +&*. b<$T s> $<sT\H, b<$Tq s> $<sT\ #\q H| D\qT |j+# |qT\qT
me> y*.
bsX\>, de+> \ueTjT eqsT\ <s+> #d |qT\ neX+ *+#*.
bs |D[ +& n+X\ #d | d++<+ +&\ @MT <T. <VsD Vs |<s\ j nH | keq Xd+ Vs |<s\
\Te nH n+X d++~+q< +&*q neds+ <T.
$<] bsX\ m+#Tq | eTTqT+<T q $<ksTT\ m+#TH e < <> m+{ d++<+ <T.
m+#Tq | k+ H|D @$<yTq d++<+ <T.
\+, s>, *+> $e +& | $<] | bZH*.
u<q, |syD eyT <T b<jTT\T |j Tq bZH*.
nedsyTq|&T b<jTT&T s> >~ | H]+# deTjT+ k eT\T sV+# e\qT V+#*.
| deTejTdT\ HsTH, T> #jT& bV+#*.
| H]+#& eTT+<T b<jTT\ $<sT\ |+b+~+#*q keTs\ >T]+ dwyTq ne>Vq +&*. keTs $<sT\qT e|q+
#jT& <seTesTT.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
117
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
|$< ` jeq+ eT]jTT eT+q+:

s> b<jTT\T | nudH k<q+> $j+#*.
|$< ` b<jTT b:
| +~ s>>~> esTe& b<jTT\T +~ $wj\qT <w +#Ty*.
$<sT\ ksTT eT]jTT n+<TuT q eqsT\qT <wjT+<T+#T ke, ] n+X\ #+~q #e | m+#Ty*.
edT nedsyTq |<s\qT, eqsT\qT neTs*. +<Td+ b<jTT\T y{ d++~+q $es\T n+~+# e\qT>, d+d\qT>
d+|~+#*.
$<] qT #jTujT |, HsTujT n+X @$<yTq d++<+ +< b<jTT&T eTT+<T>H $e]+#*.
b<jTT\T e\+ |sy\T>H, | u~+#ysT>H +& $<sT\bT | b\T|+#Ty*.
b<jTT\T $<sT\ |+b+~+#*q keTs\T` CH, ke eT]jTT uy s+>\ y{ #+~qy eTT+<T>H C_ jsT
#dTy*. $ $<sT\qT eT+q+ #jT& |j>|& sTT.
|sD\qT deTse++> $jd, V+> | # jT>\ $<sT\qT n+#Hyj*. | d++~+q Cq+ +f T sT\
|\y& d++<\T eT]jTT |#d $<H <w +#Ty*.
*<+&T\, de+ e\ |$< | ne>Vq * +#&+ b<jTT\T #j*q neTTKyTq |. +<T s+& T |<q sD\THsTT.
{ eT], eT]+{ e|y] bsX\ s|+ $<sT\ ne>Vq *+#&+ eyT +& $<sT\T j sT #dq T\qT
|<] +#&>, neT&> deC+ jTT dV jTdV s\T neds+ . s +&e~, |$< beTTK *< + &T\ *jTbe#T { bsX \
|$< bs+_+# eTT+<T y] ne>Vq *+, < b<q y] *jTCj*.
|$< ` bs+X\T:
3e s> qT+& 10e s> es |$<qT $wjT+ (d)> neT\T|sTksT. bs+X\T bwVs+, s>$<, Hu$<, k+d
y$ < +`$H<+, ke n+X\ ne>Vq`d+<q, de#s |ks e< e\T`&yT+fwH , qeTH edTe \ j , >Vjeq+, $j><sT\T`$Cq+
eT]jTT |sesD $<.
|q |s=q&q bs+X\T e\+ esZ<s\T eyT. b<jTT\T, b<jT \T, bs|D[ s|s\T y] y] |]dT\T/ d+<s\
nqT>TD+> bs+X\qT esTH neX+ +~.
|$< ` <X\T:
J$+ |qT\| ne>Vq *+#&+.
de+ qT+& HsTH neX+ e&+.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
118
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
nqT |]dT\qT, deTd\qT n~>$T+# jsT #jT&+.

$$< s+>\ e\ >T]+ e{& y] >T]+ \TdTH #jT&+.
X$T+#&+, XeT $\TeqT >T]+ >]+# #jT&+.
sEy bsX\ se\ esTq <V<+#d, = #q\qT s+#&+.
|$< eT+q+:
ds|+ <s+>>, #dq de\qT> e|q+ #jTL&<T. $<] nudq |jT b+~q CH, ke eT]jTT uy
keTs\qT e|q+ #j* +T+~.
eT+q d\T:
|$< u<H \\T, |\\T b+<*q keTs\T eT]jTT y]+~+q nudHqTuy\qT <w +#T= eT+q+ #j*.
s+s, deT> eT+q+ #j*. | +/ bC/ jT{ |P] #dq y+H eT+q+ #j*.
$<sT\ eT+q+ sy |]|wy*.
ssTT+q d\ <s+> eT+q+ #j*.
b<jTT\T eT+q |jTqT dTyTq<, wyT q< nqT+& eTeT+> nqTuy b+<T <qT #b*.
eT+q+ ` d\T:
$$< s+>\ |s=q&q keTs\ <s+> |$< $<sT\ |> eT+q+ #j*.
1. CH keTs\T:
|`|D[
\Tèed s D
\T`b<qèZs D
|<s\T, |]s\T`y&+
|`bMD eT]jTT H|D+
qq T\T/ $wsD\T/ dH`|D[\T
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
119
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
2. ke keTs\T:
dVs+`T|, |sds dVjT dVs\T
$q&+
sX\T`nqTdsD
e+T\ y> |
$X\ <<+
$wjT |ks+`dw
| bZHysT`>se+
3. uy keTs+:
|T<\, eTD
dV q+
= nqTuy\T`d/ WT
nqTL\ yKsT\T
dVqTu
| |]Xu, |]s\ |]sDù<
y$<`n_q+<q
|qT\T`|`deTT\
XeT $\Te` >T]+|
e Wq =\< yT<dT <T V<jT+. X keTs\T d+\ X~ d+$TksTT. X u keTs+ qT+ s<T.
<& B qT+& nCjTX dT+~.
d+|T XjTdT, d<++ sj\T, w|&+& d+b<q sy\qTe&+, $~ sVD #jTbe&+, $y+,
+|#jT $<, keT]q+, ud ueq yTT<\>Tq$ eTq deC |&dTq eTVbb\T. M{ e<T\Ty*. M{|
jTT<+ |{+#*.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
120
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
|<H+X+: 1. bwVs+
s>
| n+X+
3e
4e
Vs|< s\
dsD, eZsD
Vs|<s\ dsD,
eZs D
5e
deTT\ Vs+,
e+b\T
6e
7e
8e
9e
Vs| s\T
3. |$< ` s>y> bs|D[

#jTe\dq |
|*+X+
Ls\T, Ls>jT\T, |+&T yTT<\>T Vs|<s\qT d]+#&+, Vs|< s\qT`Ls\T, Ls>jT\T, |+&T yTT<\>T y{>
eZ]+#&+. |<]+#&+.
eZ]+#>\T>TsT. y{ |sT #|>\T>TsT.
<H\T, ||+\T, eTk\~qTdT\qT d]+#&+, eZ]+#&+ eT]jTT <H\T, ||+\T, eTk\~qTdT\T yTT<\>T y{ >T]+
|<]+#&+. y{ q b u<|] s>>~ |< ]+#T. |sq T #| >\T>TsT. eZ] +#>\ T>TsT. ysT rdTH Vs
|<s\ |<s\T HjT >VksT.
Vs|<s\qT d]+#&+, bw $\Te\qT >T]+#&+. $<sT\+<] Vs|<s\ +& bw $\Te\qT \TdT+{sT. dV
qT+ q ss\ Vs |<s\ |+&T> @sT #jT&+. $<sT\, b<jTT\ Vs |+#T+{sT eT]jTT
$$< s\ e+b\qT |<]+#&+.
q+< b+<TsT.
e+&+& H Vs|<s\qT jsT #jT&+. Ls>jT\T, |+& e+&+& H Vs|<s\qT >T]+ \TdT+{sT.
d|t\T, d&T #jT&+. yTT\q $H\T jsT#jT& +.
e+&+& H Vs|<s\ bw $\Te\qT >T]ksT.
b\ T\T
b\ T\ d++~+q |<s\qT d]+#&+, b\ T \qT` {,

|, |sT>T, eT>, |sY, b\e, bjTd+ e+{ $$< |<s\qT j sT
#jT &+.
Vs|<s\qT \Te |# , sk\T, CeTT\T, e&j \T, sT>T\T, |*Vs >TE yTT<\T>Tq$
jsT #jT&+.
#jT&+
$$<s\ e+\T
$$< s\ b\ T\qT jsT #jT>\sT. y{ +&

bw $\Te\qT >VksT.
\Te #d Vs|< s\qT j sT #ksT . \Te #d $<H\T,
|j +# |<s\ >T]+ \TdT+{sT. j sT #jT &+
y$<\qT >T]ksT. me> q Ls>jT\qT n$ <=s
d+<s+ $j+#&+ HsT+{sT.
10e s> M&\T deTjT+ u<\qT |+#T=, keTV uq

se sV+#&+. yTT yjT&+, >T&T &| &+, nq+, $$< <T e+b\T, |]s\ >T]+, y{ |j +#
$<q+ >T]+ HsT+{sT.
Ls\T yTT<q y{ e+&&+ eT]jTT e&+#&+.
k+|<jT, <T
$$< k+| < j T , < T e+b \ T, | ] s \T, | eTT q T bw $\Te\T q+# +& e+&&+ HsT +{sT. V+
e+\T #ksT. e+&&+ yTe\qT HsT+{sT. $$<
10e e+b\T, |]s\T |j+# $<q+ >T]+ \TdTe&+, |j+#&+.
eT]jTT |eTTT
|j+q e+ b\ >T]+ \TdT+{sT.
bsX\ #|{*q se\T ` u\ du: H\=k] nq> Xys+ eT<V+ dwH u\du sV+#*. u\du |\\ T dH |<s q nq> b, |Hd+,
C, kyT\T, &H, qH{\T, yTyT, k ysTT<\T ysTT+#&+, k \ |<sq yTT<\>Tq$ #sTT+#*. |\\T # V+> bZ+{sT.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
121
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
|<H+X+: 2. s> $<

s>
3e
4e
5e
6e
7e
| n+X+
|$< ` bs|D[
#jTe\dq |
|*+X\T
e> |]Xu q T b{+#&+ . eTsT>T<=&q T deT+> |j +#&+ q T, eTT , # $ y T T< q X s u >\qT X u + >
+#T+{sT. e> Xu q T b{+#&+ yT e\qT \TdT=
b{ksT. eTsT>T<=&qT deT+> $j+#T>\T>TsT.
N|sT, Es jsT #d, s>>~, bsX\qT Xu + s>><T\qT, bsX\qT Xu+ #dT+{sT. |]ds\ |]X
b]X< n\yT `
#jT&+
|]ds\ Xu
u n\yT yTsT>T|sT#T+{sT. || >seue+
|+b+~+#T+{sT.
|
sE
y&
<
T
y
q,
Y
wt
,
+>
q
sY
,
d
k
\T
y
T
T<
q
|sE y& <Tyq, Ywt e+{ edTe\qT
b]X<+èdTe\ Xu
edTe\qT Xu|sT#Te& |<]+#&+,
Xu|sT#T+{sT. s>| n\yqT |+b+~+#T+{sT.
b]X< n\yT `
e> Xu
eTX\\T` eTsT>T<=& eTX\\TèTsT>T<=&T Xu+> +#Te&+.

sVD
s> >~ s> |\T (#|, $& yTT$)
s>dy +<\T
eTX\\TèTsT>T<=&T Xu+ > +#Te&+ >\ eXq T,

yTe\qT \TdT+{sT.
djT+> eT s> |+ #T>\T>TsT. |]CH s
d+<s\ $j+#T>\T>TsT.
<TdT\| @s& $$< s\ eTs\qT =\+#&+, >TDyTq eTs\qT =\+ <TdT\qT Xu+> +#Te&+ HsT+{sT.
8e <TdT\T, k H|H <TdT\qT <]+#&+, k H|H j.
e> s> yTsT>T|sT#T+{sT.
b<$ T q]+> yT e\T` nejTe<q, s<q _s\ @sT dV]+#&+. |\qT ke de\qT n+~ksT, ke se\qT sVksT.
9e s eT]jTT nejTe<q #q|s#&+. +CH #jT&+, u+&C &+ yTT<\>T b<$T q]+> de\qT nedsyTq# $jksT.
q]+> de\ |<sq eT]jTT neT\T #jT&+.
|#s+.
s>+`ne>Vq`# q + {\T, |\\ s>d+sD $<H\| |sT\ |<s q eedsD H|D\qT |+b+~+#T+{sT.
sTe, mT >\ d++< >T]ksT.
10e u& edt +& +| sV+#&+, >eT |\qT #q|s&+.
_.m+. qT +#&+. $Xw+#&+ eT]jTT d#q\T #jT&+.
_.m+. $<sT\ s> n+#H yksT.
bsX\ $<sT\ sTe, mT\qT =\e&+.
bsX\ #|{*q se\T (whole school activities): 1. | eTTe&+, dT #T\T &>&+, > ]+#Te&+, \ <Tee&+ yTT<\>T
b]X< |qT\ |<sq 2. s>>~ bsX\\T, eTsT>T<=& |]Xu 3. s>+`Vs+`|]Xu\| |sT\ T, H<\ yd+ s> |#s+.
4. >j\qT Xu|s#&+, T &+ |<sq 5. yd b++ eTT]>T+\ ds`|P&/ Xu HsTe&+, b{+#&+.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
122
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
|<H+X+: 3. Hu $<
s>
3e
4e
5e
6e
7e
8e
9e
| n+X+
|$< ` bs|D[
#jTe\dq |
|*+X\T
s> ` Hu
s> $<sT\ d+K, u\Ts u*\ d+K yTT<q de#s Hu nH ueqqT \TdT= s>>~ $<sT\
nqsTTksT .
d]+#&+ .
bsX\ ` Hu
bsX \ $<sT\ d+K, u\u*\ d+K, de#s d]+,

bsX\ Hu| ne>Vq b+<TsT.
y~ sb+~+#&+.
e+Xe+ ( qT+&)
e+X e d++~+q HuqT >D+#&+, T+ e+

e+X+ T+u\T, duT\ d+KqT \TdT+{sT.
^jT&+. y~ sb+~+#&+.
>eT+ ` Hu
Hu ` e\d\T
e<T\ deTd\T `
|]cs\T
Hu ` nsd
10e *+> $e
1) d/ >eT+/ M~/ \ >\ Hu| y~ sb+~+#&+.

ejTdT\ y>` d, |sTw eT]jTT |\\ Hu $es\qT y~
b+<T|s#&+. 2) T+ $es\| y~.
Hu e\d y &+ eT]jTT se&+|, y{ |u y\| de#s
d]+#&+, y~ sb+~+#&+.
>eT+/ d / \ e< T \ qT \ e& + , y] d e Td \T
\TdTe&+, ns+ #dTe&+ eT]jTT |]cs\T d+#&+.
>eT+/ d/ \ >\ & y |\\, & eydq
|\\ de#s d]+#&+, sD\qT \TdTe&+ eT]jTT
y~ sb+~+#&+.
*+> $e | H<\ s\T, ne>Vq d<d T \ <s |\
#q+ *+#&+. yds#q, e b{\qT bsX\
sV+#&+ . < >\ sD\T, n~+ > |dT eTeT q s+>\|
y~ jsT #jT&+ eT]jTT |<]+#&+. M{ d++~+q
de#s ys|\T/ bdsT/ s|\ qT+& d]+#& +.
>eT Hu >T]+ ne>Vq b+<TsT.

Hu e\d\ sD\T \TdT+{sT. e\d\ |uy\qT
$e]+#>\ T>TsT.
e<T\ deTd\| dVqT * +{sT. eT e+T u< \qT
sVksT .
& y |\\qT, & eydq |\\ T+ |<\
e{&sT. y] #<TeH bVksT.
*+> $e dsq~ < >T]ksT. *+> $e| |\qT
#qe+T\qT #ksT.
bsX\ #|{*q se\T (whole school activities): 1. H\=k] ke deTd\| (u\u*\ w, *+> $e yTT<\>Tq$) yds#q/ e b{\T sb*.
2. $+>T\ deTd\| ne>Vq *+#&+`y] dVjT+ n+~+# se\T #|&+.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
123
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
|<H+X+: 4. k+d y$<+ ` $H<+

s>
| n+X+
3e
\T, s>>~ n\+sD
4e
5e
|$< ` bs|D[
#jTe\dq |
|*+X\T
y&T eT]jTT |+&T> deTj\ +{ |P\, s+>T \

n\+]+#&+ , eTT>T\Z T yjT &+, <+&\T & + yTT<\>Tq$. &u
deTjT+ s>>~ n\+]+#&+.
sH \ |<sq
d+d |_+_+# sH \qT #&&+ , n+<T b\qT
nqT]+#&+.
}jT\ j, &|, &\T 1) &T, # , Ns, fs T , ~+&T\ }jT\ j sT #jT &+, }>&+
=&+, |P{ ysTT+#&+. eT]jTT }jT\ b\T HsTe&+. 2) k sT\# &|,
&\T ={+ #&+ , |P { ysTT+#&+ eT]jTT |\\ T bZ HsT e&+.
1) bsX\ n\+sD `
|+&T>, y&T eT]jTT s se\ deTjT+ bsX\qT ,
y~ @sT n\+sD,
y~qT s+>T \T, eTT>TZ\T, <+&\ n\+]+#&+. &
2) k+d , ke \\T, dT\T, s, >&\MT<, #] &\| |s\T
d+|<\ d+sD.
sjTL&< \TdTe&+, b{+#&+.
yw< sD
$$< k+|<j\qT nqTd]+ yw< sD bZq&+, |<] +#&+ .
$$< yw< sD\| e{&& + eT]jTT k|t |d + j sT #jT &+.
+{ eT]jTT s>>~ n\+]+#&+ HsT+{sT. d+d

k+|<j\T \TdT+{sT, >s$ksT, b{ksT.
sH \qT V+> #ksT. nqTsD H|D
b+<TsT.
}jT\ f $<q+ \TdT+{sT. }>&+ yTe\T ns +
#dT+{sT. &|, &\T =&+ q+<+ b+<TsT.
|+&T>, y&T eT]jTT s se\ deTjT+ bsX\qT

n\+]+#&+ yTe\T HsT+{sT. y~ @sT #jT&+,
n\+]+#&+ HsT+{sT. ysd d+|<qT b&Ty\
\TdT+{sT
$$< k+|<j\ d++~+q yw<sD\qT \TdT+{sT.
7e
nqTd]+#&+ V #|sT. d+d >s$ksT,
nqT]ksT .
8e bs X \ s e \T ` Vq`M&\T se\T, y]y\qT bsX \ sT|e&+. bsX\ ]| se\T, d+s\qT eed]+# H|D\qT
d+s\T
y~\T sb+~+#&+.
b+<TsT.
#eT\ sT\qT V+#&+ , \e&+, eT]jTT ysT j sT #eT\| >sy * +{sT. #e T\qT
#
e
T
\
T
9e
#dq edTe \qT d]+#&+ , >eT+#&+ , j sT #jT &+ eT]jTT bVksT. k+d y$< n_q+~ksT. y] |
H|D\qT >eTksT.
|<]+#&+ (=], q|Hs yTT<\>Ty{).
$$< Cq|< \T, kV d++~+q de#s
10e Cq|< \T, kV+
d]+#&+. bsX\ |<]+#&+. (>TZ<, Ts<, V]<, Cq|< \qT, kV \TdT+{sT. d+d b& sT.
ysT y& edTe\qT =j&sT.
b\T, # uq yTT<\>Tq$.)
bsX\ #|{*q se\T (whole school activities): 1. CrjT |+&T>\T/ bsX\ y]y\ d+<s\ s> y> u<\T n|d s>><T\T, bsX\\qT
n\+]+#&+ 2. k &|, \TueT\T, &\T, V]< yTT<\>T sT\# bsX\ |<sq @sT #jT&+. 3. d+<X de\T/ H\T |<]+#&+.
6e
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
124
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
|$< ` bs|D[
|<H+X+: 5. ke n+X\| ne>Vq`d+<q
s>
3e
| n+X+
T++ e> u<
#jTe\dq |
|*+X\T
T+ d++~ |qT\qT \TdTe&+, #jT&+.
7e
s> eT]jTT bsX\ s>>~ #d |qT\| u< eV+#&+.

e> u<
de+ d+ #d |qT\| u< \qT \TdTe&+, s]+#&+ .
de+| u<
s&| ##<s+ yjT+& +&&+, eT&+ e+{$ #jT+&
+&&+. <Ts\y (b>>&+) <s+> +&&+.
+{, bsX\, yd b+\ sT\ dVjT+
u<\T ` sVD
n+~+#&+ mesesT @jT |qT\T sVdTH s y~ j sT
#jT&+ eT]jTT #]+#&+.
n+>Hy&\qT d+<]+#&+, |\\ d+sD ysT #|f
n+>Hy& de\T
se\| y~\qT sb+~+#&+.
8e
u\\ V\T
9e
bsX\ ksTT dy
uy |+b+~+#&+.
4e
5e
6e
10e
de#s| V (RTI-2005)
u\\ V\|, de+ #q+ *+#& d<dT\

u>keT+, 1098 >T]+ |#s+. s\T sV+#&+. y~
sb+~+#&+ .
bsX\ $s\T d]+ dVjT se\T #|&+. |<
$<sT\, s dVjT se\ $j+#&+.
eT |qT\qT u<> s]ksT.

s> e> |qT\| u<\qT \TdT+{sT.
de+ d+ #d |qT\| u<\qT \TdT= s]ksT .
e>+> <Ts\y <s+> +{sT.
u< \qT |+#Te&, dV ]+#& n_q+~ksT . eT\qT
m+#Te&+ e> d\ b<qy\ >Vks T.
|\\ d+sD n+>Hy& #|f se\| ne>Vq
b+<TsT. n_q+~ksT.
u\\ V\ >T]+ \TdT+{sT. deC #q|sTksT.
d+| b+<TsT.
dy d+dqT @sT #ksT. dyuy |+b+~+#T+{sT .
de #jT&+ q+< b+<TsT.
de#s VqT >T]+ \TdTe&+. e*q de#s

b+<&+, @<H |uT XK d++~+q dT\ $es\T
d]+#&+ eT]jTT eqsT\ $j> d++~+q $es\qT de#s VqT $j+#Te& \TdT+{sT.
\TdTe&+ eT]jTT y~ jsT#d |<]+#&+.
bsX\ #|{*q se\T (whole school activities): 1. u\$yV\T, eTV\| n#s\| $<sT\T #s bZHT #jT&+ 2. u\\ V\ >T]+ ne>Vq
seT+ eT]jTT |uT se\T/ |<\| ne>Vq *+#&+.
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
125
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
|$< ` bs|D[
|<H+X+: 6. de#s |kse<e\T`&yT+fwH
s>
| n+X+
#jTe\dq |
|*+X\T
3e
bds j
$$< s \ bd s q T j s T # j T & + . ys | \ qT+& $$< n+X\ d++~+q bds q T j sT #jT >\T>TsT.

|j>syTq n+X\qT d]+ |<]+#&+.
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Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Introduction
The field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is evolving at such a pace, where concepts, technology and terminology
are continuously changing. ICT helps to bridge the digital divide amongst students of various socio economic and other geographical
barriers. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is universally acknowledged as an important catalyst for social transformation
and national progress.
Information and communication technology which is a by-product of science and technology explosion has revolutionized the
world of learning. It is very essential to integrate the IT with education in order to have the advantage of ICT education.
Around the world, policymakers and educators have high hopes for ICT in the classroom as a springboard to students 21st century
skillsthat combines the competencies of problem solving, critical thinking and managing their own learning is needed for success in the
global workplace.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has dominated in every walks of life affecting right from bus & railway reservations,
hotel industry, online money transfers , bill payments, in class room teaching and learning process, distance education, e-learning and film
making etc..
The learning activities through ICT make a difference. Students are much more likely to learn to solve real-world problems and collaborate
productively with their peers, if their learning activities are carefully designed to offer opportunities.
The aim of 21st Century education is being redefined. It is not only for employment generation but also to create a better world
through understanding and development of human qualities.
In this context, the Government of India has announced 2010 2020 as the decade of Innovation. For which reasoning and critical
thinking skills are essential. And these skills are to be inculcated at the school level for which ICT tools and techniques should be integrated
into class room instructions right from the primary education level, so that the children develop the required skills. In this matter the web is
an open source and the child should know how to grab it.
According to UNESCO education is important to achieve the Millennium Development goals; the following are reasons for which the
ICT in education is a key aspect. i.e., More people would grow and develop; More people would learn and know; More people would be
equal and just; More children would survive and live; More mothers would be healthier; More people would be able to combat illness; More
people would think of the future; More people would work together.
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The purpose of this material is to create awareness and practice among the student and teacher communities with a diverse set of
technological tools, resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information. These technologies include computers,
internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and television) and telephony.
The relevant and contemporary content, lucid language, attractive illustrations and constructive exercises make the learning of computers
more meaningful and enriching.
The journey of the student starts right from the ICT tools available in and around such as Radio, Tape recorder, TV, mobile and
Computer. The students of primary level learn to draw by using MS & Tux Paint, learn to type small words, sentences, paragraphs, making
documents by using typing tutor and MS Word. Moving away a little from these applications, the students can learn MS Excel for mathematical
calculations & graphs and MS PowerPoint for making subject wise presentations. Further the students learn the concepts of Data Base
Management System (DBMS), Internet, Networking and computer languages, maintaining the computers and its peripherals. The students
are also introduced to learn about the Antivirus, Computer security and privacy and open source software technologies.
This material is useful in acquiring the concepts in a better way which make the student journey in learning more fruitful and
engrossing. It has been developed in tune with the guidelines given by NCF-2005 and with various activity based methods. This will lay
down a path to create interest to take up high level computer education courses in future and career.
The government had initiated Computer Education and Computer Aided Learning in selected Primary, Upper Primary and High
Schools. A huge number of teachers in the State already had been trained to use computers in their regular class room transactions and a lot
of computer aided learning material also has been developed and supplied to schools.
As part of Education Technology policy, the Education Department of Andhra Pradesh has been developing a large quantity of
material in the form of Audio ( Radio Programs under Vindam Nerchukundam), Audio and Video based programs ( SIET and SAP Net) and
Computer based programs(CDs) in collaboration with NGOs.
The Objectives of the ICT in School Education:
To inculcate the ICT skills among the students of government schools.
To bridge the digital divide between rural and urban students.
To create computer awareness and literacy among students and teachers.
To provide ICT environment in the schools to make teaching-learning process an effective and interesting
To train the teachers on computer syllabi, emerging information and communication technologies.
To develop confidence in students to use computers in future.
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Student-centered pedagogies that promote personalized and powerful learning for students;
Extending learning beyond the classroom in ways most relevant to knowledge-building and problem-solving in todays world; and
ICT integration into pedagogy in ways that support learning goals. It is important to note that ICT use is not a goal in itself, but a tool
to broaden and deepen learning opportunities.
Teaching Learning Process
The ICT material has been developed from class 1 to class 10. The teacher can act as a facilitator to help the students in their learning
process. In every Unit the teacher explains the concepts and students do the activities/projects with ICT tools and finely able to integrate with
their subjects.
Academic standards and Assessment
Academic Standards
The students are able to operate and use the ICT tools
Students are able to learn subject wise contents through the ICT tools
Assessment Process
At the end of the each chapter exercises and projects have been given. On the basis of the students performance appropriate grade may be
awarded in summative assessment.
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5. +|PsY$< ` s> y> bs |D[

CLASS I
I
Introduction to ICT Tools

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
II
What is ICT?
Benefits and limitations of ICT
Types of Tools
Types of Computers
Types of Mobiles, Projectors, Radios, Televisions.
Working of a PC The I-P-O cycle
Parts of Tools
Turning ON and OFF ICT Tools
Input Devices
1 Mouse
2 Keyboard
III
Output Devices
1 Monitor
2 Speakers
IV
Care and Protection

1 Dos and Donts of ICT Devices
2 Maintenance of Peripherals
Microsoft Paint
1 Introduction to Paint
2 Open and close Paint
3 Start a new Paint picture
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CLASS II
I

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
II
What is ICT?
Types of Tools
Types of Computers
Parts of Tools
Turning ON and OFF ICT Tools
Input Devices
1 Mouse
2 Keyboard
III
Output Devices
1 Monitor
2 Speakers
IV
Care and Protection

Microsoft Paint
1
2
3
4
5
Open an existing Paint picture

Name and save a new Paint picture
Save an existing Paint picture
Close a Paint picture
Print a simple Paint picture
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
135
Basic painting techniques

Setting foreground and background colours
Using the painting tools
Draw pictures in different colours
Undo and redo actions
Add text, lines, or shapes to an image
Selecting and copying parts of an image
Filling an area with colour
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CLASS III
I

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
II
VI
What is ICT?
Types of Tools
Types of Computers
Parts of Tools
1 Legal and ethical aspects of information

technology
VII
Input Devices
Introduction to Tux Paint

Opening and Closing
Understanding the Interface
Use of tools
Draw Diagrams
VIII Typing tutor

1 Introduction to Typing Tutor
2 Opening and Closing
3 Understanding the Interface
4 Placing figures
5 Practice
Care and Protection

2 Maintainance of Peripherals
IV
Tux Paint
1
2
3
4
5
1 - Mouse
2 - Keyboard
3 Inputs for Television
III
Impact and Trends of ICT on Society
Memory and Storage

1 Memory - RAM and ROM
Software and Applications

1 What is software?
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CLASS IV

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
II
VI
What is ICT?
Types of Tools
Types of micro Computers - Portables, Desktop
Parts of Tools
1 Legal and ethical aspects of information technology
VII
IV

4 Use tools
5 Draw Diagrams
Input Devices
VIII Typing tutor
System Unit
1 Introduction to Typing Tutor
1 Dos and Donts off ICT Devices


Memory and Storage
4 Placing fingures
Tux Paint
1 Introduction to Tux Paint
III
5 Practice

1 What is software?
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CLASS V
I

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
VII
What is ICT?
Types of Tools
Types of microcomputers - Portables, Tablet, Handheld, Desktop
Parts of Tools
Inputs for Projector
Inputs for Television
II
System Unit
III
Care and Protection
IV
Memory and Storage

1 What is software?
VI
Using to Tux Paint

Opening and Closing
Use tools
Draw Diagrams
VIII Typing tutor

1
2
3
4
5
Using to Typing Tutor

Opening and Closing
Placing fingures
Practice
Microsoft Windows
Introduction to Microsoft Windows
1 What is an Operating System? And what it does?
2 Purpose and role of OS
3 Introduction to Windows
4 Login, Logout and Password
5 Shut down Windows
6 Identify parts of the screen (desktop, icons, etc.)
1
2
3
4
5
IX
1 Dos and Donts off ICT Devices

Tux Paint
Impact and Trends on Society

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CLASS VI
I

1
2
3
4
What is ICT?
Types of Tools
Types of microcomputers - Portables, Tablet, Handheld,
Desktop
5 Types of Mobiles, Projectors, Radios, Televisions.
6 Working of a PC The I-P-O cycle
7 Parts of Tools
II
Input Devices
VIII Software and Applications

1 What is software?
2 Multimedia, its benefits and uses
IX
Impact and Trends on Society:

2 Security and privacy
System Unit
IV
Output Devices
XI
Input/Output Devices
1 Modem
2 Network Card
VI
Care and Protection
XII
Memory and Storage

1 Storage Capacity
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Need for organizing data

Find files
Create new folders
Check and remove trash with the Recycle Bin
Select files and folders
MSW Logo
1
2
3
4
5
6
VII
Organizing Files and Folders

1
2
3
4
5
1 Printers and types of printers
Introduction to Microsoft Windows

1 Identify elements of a window (title bar; minimize, maximize, and close
buttons; scroll bar; etc.)
2 Move and resize a window
3 Launch an application
4 Access Windows Help
1 - Scanner
2 Inputs for Projector
III
Networks and Communication
Introduction to Logo
Starting and exiting Logo
Drawing a line by using the Logo Turtle
Changing the Turtles direction
Clearing the contents on the screen
Hiding and showing Turtle
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XIII Introduction to Microsoft PowerPoint

1
2
3
4
What is a presentation?
Need for a PowerPoint
Parts of the PowerPoint screen
Components of a presentation - slides, handouts, speakers, notes, outlines
XIV Microsoft Word

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
XV
What is a Word Processor?

Need for a Word Processor
Open and close Word
Components of a document window
Open a new Word document
Open an existing Word document
Name and save a new Word document
Save an existing Word document
Close a Word document
Internet
1 What is an Internet Service Provider?
2 Internet vocabulary WWW, Browser, URL, Homepage, Web page, Web site, hyperlink,
hypertext
3 Open Internet Explorer browser
4 Navigate web sites
5 Refresh a web page
6 Stop a web page from downloading
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140
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
CLASS VII
I

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
II
IX
What is ICT?
Types of Tools
Parts of Tools and connections
1 Legal and ethical aspects of information technology:

intellectual property
Input Devices
System Unit
IV
Output Devices
XI
XII
Care and Protection

VII
Memory and Storage

1 Storage Capacity
Playing with the MSW Logo Pen

Erasing lines
Moving the Turtle
Changing the background colour
Changing the colour of the pen
Changing the size of the pen
Repeating commands
XIII Microsoft PowerPoint

1
2
3
4
VIII Software and Applications

1 What is software?
2 Multimedia, its benefits and uses
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Running Applications
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 Modem
2 Network Card
VI
Create new folders

Check and remove trash with the Recycle Bin
Select files and folders
Move and copy between folders
Delete items
Arrange items on the desktop
Copy and move files and folders to and from Storage devices
1 Use Calculator, Clock & Calender

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 Scanner
III
141
Open and close PowerPoint

Open a new PowerPoint presentation
Open an existing PowerPoint presentation
Name and save a new PowerPoint presentation
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XV
5 Save an existing PowerPoint presentation

6 Close a PowerPoint presentation
7 Print a simple PowerPoint presentation
1
2
3
4
5
XIV MS Word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Microsoft Excel
Print a simple Word document

Switch between open documents
Insert text
Select text
Edit and delete text
Navigate a document
Undo and redo actions
Cut, copy, and paste text
Change font size and style
Start and exit Excel

Explore the Interface elements in the Excel window
Create and save a new Excel workbook
Rename an Excel workbook
Close an Excel workbook
XVI Internet
1 Open Internet explorer browser
2 Be aware of the dangers of infecting the computer with a virus
from a downloaded file
3 Knowing what a search engine is and its use
4 Formulate a basic search on the Web
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142
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
CLASS VIII
I
VII
1
2
3
4
What is ICT?
Types of Tools
Types of microcomputers - Portables, Tablet, Handheld,
Desktop
5 Types of Mobiles, Projectors, Radios, Televisions.
6 Working of PC The I-P-O cycle
7 Parts of a Tools
II
1 Dos and Donts of ICT devices

2 Maintenance of peripherals, media and data
VIII Memory and Storage

1 Storage Capacity
IX
X
Scanner
Web Camera
Microphone
Inputs for Television
III
System Unit
IV
Output Devices
XI
XII

1
2
3
4
Move and copy between folders

Delete items
Arrange items on the desktop
Copy and move files and folders to and from Storage devices
XIII Running Applications
Processing Devices
1 Motherboard
2 Video Card
3 Sound Card
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1 Legal and ethical aspects of information technology: intellectual
property, copyright, fair use
1 Modem
2 Network Card
VI

1 Computer networks and telecommunications

1 What is software?
Input Devices
1
2
3
4
Care and Protection
143
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
XIV Working with Procedures in MSW Logo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
XV
Defining a procedure
Creating and saving procedures
Creating and saving sub procedures
Loading procedures
Editing procedures
Erasing procedures
Creating procedures by using variables
XVII
Inserting and Modifying Text in Word

1
2
XVIII
Apply and modify text formats

Align text
Microsoft Excel
1
2
3
4
5
Switch between worksheets

Navigate a worksheet
Insert, delete, and move cells
Enter and edit cell data, including text and numbers
Move and copy labels and values
Microsoft PowerPoint
1
2
3
4
5
6
Switch between open PowerPoint presentations

Understand the uses of different presentation view modes
Select built-in design template
Insert, edit, and format slide text
Run Slide Show
Modify headers and footers in the Slide Master
XIX
1
2
XX
Change case
Change line spacing
Format paragraphs
Insert bullets and numbered lists
Customize bullets and numbered lists
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
144
Formulate more complex searches

Understanding and usage of Social Media Network
Microsoft Access
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
XVI Microsoft Word

1
2
3
4
5
Internet
The DBMS
Database Components
Designing a Database
Access Features
Primary and Foreign Keys
Primary Key
Foreign Key
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
CLASS IX
I

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
II
What is ICT?
IX
Types of Tools
Parts of Tools
X
Input Devices
System Unit
IV
XI
XII
Running Applications
Using Resources on the Network
Creating a Presentation in PowerPoint

1 Add slides to or delete slides from presentations
2 Duplicate, Rearrange and hide slides
3 Add Title slide, Bulletted List Slide, Column Text slide and
Text & Clipart Slide
4 Create a bulleted/numbered list in different formats
Processing Devices
1 Motherboard
2 Video Card
3 Sound Card
VI
1 Compress files and extract compressed files

2 Using Cut, Copy, and Paste commands with files and folders
3 Rename documents and folders
1 Add a printer to the computer

2 Find the computer name
1 Modem
2 Network Card
1 Create shortcuts
2 Customize taskbar
1 - Web Camera
2 - Microphone
III

3 Viruses and Anti Viruses
Memory and Storage
XIII Inserting and Modifying Text in Word

1 Data storage
1 Enter and format date and time
2 Computer system performance factors: Speed of Microprocessor,
2 Search and replace text, format elements
Storage Capacity of RAM, Clock Rate
3 Performance factors of monitors
XIV Creating and Modifying Paragraphs in Word
VII Networks and Communication
1 Modify paragraph formats
2 Set and modify tabs
VIII Impact and Trends of ICT on Society
3 Apply paragraph styles
4 Run spelling and grammar checker
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
145
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
XV
Working with Graphics in Word

1
2
XVI
Apply and modify cell formats

Modify row and column settings
Modify row and column formats
Apply styles
Modify page setup options for worksheets
Set page breaks
Preview and print worksheets
Formatting Numbers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Insert and delete worksheets
Microsoft Access
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Working with Access

Starting Access
Creating a Database
The Database Wizard
The Blank Database Command
Working with Tables in Access
Essential Table Operations
Creating a Table
The Table Wizard
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Datasheet View
Design View
Setting the Primary Key
Saving a Table
Using Datasheet View
Modifying Fields in a Table
Changing the Name of an Existing Field
Deleting Unwanted Fields
Inserting a New Field into an Existing Table
Changing the Sequence of Fields
Records and Relationships
Working with Records in a Table
Editing
Deleting
Inserting
Records and Relationships (Contd)
Searching
Sorting
Filtering
Setting Relationships
XXI Introduction to Programming Languages
Modifying Workbooks in Excel

1
XX
Filter lists of data
Formatting and Printing Worksheets in Excel

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
XIX
Create a simple formula

Create a series by using the Auto fill feature
Calculate Value Totals with Auto Sum
Preview and print a simple worksheet
Working With Cells and Cell Data in Excel

1
XVIII
Insert clip art in a document

Align text and graphics
Microsoft Excel
1
2
3
4
XVII
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
146
Identify Input, Process and Output

Describe Program
Problem Solving Techniques
Identify variables and constants
Use data types
Use operators
Represent decisions in a flowchart
Use the dry run table
Identify repetitive processes
Identify modular approach to programming
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
CLASS X
I
VIII Printing Presentations
1 What is ICT?
2 Benefits and limitations of ICT
II
1 Preview and print slides, outlines, handouts, and speaker

notes
IX

LAN,WAN and Internet
III
IV
XII
Using Resources on the Network
Creating and Modifying Graphics in Excel

Internet
1 Understand and usage of Social Media Network
XIII Microsoft Access

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Inserting and Modifying Visual Elements
Modifying Presentation Formats

1 Apply animation schemes
2 Apply slide transitions
| ` +|PsY$< bs|D[
Create and revise formulas

Cell reference in formulas
Copy and move formulas
Use date and time in formulas
1 Create, modify, position, and print charts
1 Add clip art to slides

2 Customize slide backgrounds
VII
Create and modify a header and footer

Create, modify and delete tables
Change page views
Preview and print documents
Insert page breaks
Creating and Revising Formulas in Excel

1
2
3
4
XI
1 Share folders and printers on the network

2 Access shared folders
3 Use Active Desktop, Control Panel, Quick Launch bar
VI
Organising files and folders

1 Switching tasks
2 Display contents of my computer
3 Set background & screen saver
1
2
3
4
5

3 Viruses and Anti Viruses
4 Cybercrime (Hacking and Identity theft)
Formatting Documents in Word
147
Working with Queries

Creating a Query
Using the Query Wizard
Using Design View
Saving a Query
Running a Query
More Query Functions
Sorting Records in a Query
sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
XV
Adding a Field to an Existing Query

Deleting a Field
Renaming a Field
Filtering Records Based on a Condition or Criterion
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
Forms
Creating Forms
Using Auto form
Using the Form Wizard
Using Design View
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Project Work
OOPS Concepts
Fundamental concepts of Oops
Encapsulation
Abstraction
Inheritance
Polymorphism
XVI Introduction to Programming Language C

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
XIV Creating Action Buttons

1
2
3
4
Using Design View
Creating Start up Form

Creating Reports
Using Auto Reports
Using the Report Wizard
Introduction
About the Interface
Data Types
Variable
Operators
Syntax
Functions
***
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148
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