LUND HUMPHRIES MODERN LANGUAGE READERS GENERAL EDITOR: B. SCHINDLER, PH.D. ARABIC BY CHAIM RABIN, Ph.D.(Lond.), M.A., D.Phil.(Oxon.) Cowley Lecturer in Post-Biblical Hebrew in the University of Oxford ome ee ee \ LONDON LUND HUMPHRIES & CO. LTD. 12 BEDFORD SQUARE, W.C.I Sf -ALL RIGHTS RESERVED COPYRIGHT 1947 BY LUND HUMPHRIES & CO. LTD. LONDON & BRADFORD ee ii ai 48730 This book is produced in complete conformity with the authorised economy standards welt ees esl D. ING ED ae, Set in Mom ibic, Series 507 and printed in Great Britain by LUND HUMPHRIES & COMPANY LIMITED *PREFACE LUND HUMPHRIES’ MODERN LANGUAGE READERS are intended to provide students with selections of reading extracts, with such helps as complete Vocabularies and Notes, so as to enable them to acquire a sound knowledge of the languages in question. The main feature of these Readers is the complete “word by word’”’ Vocabularies, whereby words occurring more than once in a story are not repeated, thus making it necessary for students to memorise each word. The students can start the Readers after they have familiarised themselves with the simple rules of the grammars of the respect- ive languages. As regards the sequence of the texts, it is advisable for the average student to accept the order in which the short stories appear, as they are graduated in accordance with the simplicity of the text, the casier stories coming first. I therefore recommend students to read the stories in the sequence as they appear in the book. More advanced students, however, may arrange the order as it pleases them, seeing that the Vocabularies have been kept on the same level throughout. The student, who desires to learn modern, as distinct from classical, literary Arabic, will find but few European works to assist him. Harder’s Arabische Chrestomathie (Heidelberg 1911) offers a few Passages from the beginnings of modern literature. Sheringham’s Modern Arabic Sentences (London 1927) offers an introduction to the style of the daily press. Specimens from modern literature Proper are given in Madame C. V. Odé- Vassilieva’s admirable Specimens of Neo-Arabic Literature, 1880-1925, Part I: Texts, edited and prefaced by I. J. Krach- kovsky (Publications of the Leningrad Oriental Institute, BE (Leningrad 1928), which presents writings that appeared between 1880 and 1925, and some extracts from contemporaries are printed in Khemiri and Kampffmeyer’s Leaders in Con- temporary Arabic Literature, Part 1 (Leipzig 1930). Both these books are, however, not suitable for beginners, and rare in this country,a The selections offered in this little book should, therefore, fulfil the double purpose of providing practice in modern literary style as written by the best authors, and to awaken in the student an interest for the works of these authors themselves. Thus it is hoped that this publication will do something towards furthering the understanding of the awakening Arab world, its problems, and its hopes. _ .FOREWORD This reader is intended as an introduction to modern literary Arabic for those who have already acquired a grounding in the accidence and elementary syntax of the Arabic language. Modern literary Arabic is identical grammatically with the classical idiom of the Koran, and in style and vocabulary differs from it no more than our English from that of Shakespeare. It has, however, undergone a rapid development in the last few decades, since it has been made to serve as a vehicle for Western ideas and modes of thought. For this reason, most of the extracts in this book are from works written later than 1930, and hardly any earlier than 1920. All are by authors of repute and represent literary style, as distinct from journalese. It is hardly necessary to state that this little book makes no claims to be an anthology of modern Arabic literature. The extracts have been made short enough to be conveniently read one at a time even by a beginner. Wherever necessary, the original texts have been condensed, and the paragraphing and punctuation changed. The texts are printed without vowel-signs, like any ordinary book or newspaper, but all vowels are indicated in the vocabu- laries or in the notes. The only exception to this are the case and mood vowels (i‘rab), which the Arab normally omits in reading aloud. The student is advised to read each piece aloud with constant reference to the vocabulary and notes, until he is quite sure of getting the vowels right. In some cases it may be helpful to copy out the text and fill in the vowels in writing. But the reader must remember that he cannot be said to have studied a passage before he can read and translate it in its unvowelled form. The vocabularies and notes presuppose a knowledge of the elements of accidence: persons of the verb, sound plurals, ordinary feminines, case endings, treatment of all weak roots, etc. The vocabulary provides all imperfects (in brackets without further indication) and other verb forms, and all broken plurals, irregular feminines, and elatives. The basic form in which a verb is given, is the third singular masculine perfect, and accord- Ing to the custom of the dictionaries, it is translated by the English infinitive. In translating the text, the proper tense meaning, has, of course, to be applied. vIn the vocabularies, the only consideration has been practical utility, and no regard has been paid to orthodoxy or consistency whenever the occasion seemed to demand otherwise. All renderings are only valid for the passages to which they refer, and may be unsuitable in other contexts. Only where the mean- ing required was too strikingly different from that in the dictionaries, a here has been inserted as a warning. ‘A word that occurs more than once in the extract appears in the vocabulary only the first time, but such words are marked with an asterisk (*) in order to make it easier to find them again. In the later extracts some of the most common prepositions and conjunctions, etc., have been omitted in the vocabulary. . The notes have been made as full as possible so as to help the reader over pitfalls. In most cases the words in question have merely been translated; sometimes the syntactical construction has been indicated to show how this translation was arrived at. ‘The following conventional signs have been introduced in the Arabic references: — shows that the translation extends from the word in the text preceding the dash until the one following it: reference to the text is necessary. .. . indicates that the transla- tion covers only the words actually repeated in the note, although these do not immediately follow each other in the text. Fuller syntactical explanations are given in the notes on the first few extracts. The-student is advised to study carefully those marked with an asterisk, as they will not be repeated later. Needless to say, these brief notes cannot replace the thorough study of Arabic syntax in a grammar. No explanations on matters of accidence or etymology have been given. The proverbs in- serted in various places of this book not only afford further material for learning the language, but represent the popular literary creation of mediaval and modern times. Proverbs play an important part of the Arab’s speech and thinking. ‘Those quoted here have been collected from various sources, par- ticularly from Burckhardt’s Arabic Proverbs. The ability to read modern Arabic depends largely on 2 command of a few common constructions and turns of phrase, mainly those that are constantly pointed out and translated in the notes. After that, it is only a question of vocabulary. As the vocabulary of modern Arabic is much more restricted than that of classical, the student, after having studied this book, should be able to read with enjoyment the original works of these and other authors, as well as newspapers and official documents.CONTENTS PAGE ‘Taufiq al-Hakim: At the box-office 2 Zaki Mubarak: The bench 10 Proverbs 3 “Abbas Mahmid al-‘Aqqad: Ahmed Hamza 14 Taha Husain: Village songs 20 Proverbs 23 Mahmid Taimar: A village craftsman . 24 Ahmad Amin: Making the most of one’s roof 28 Zaki Mubarak: Miss Amal 32 Proverbs 37 ‘Taufiq al-Hakim: Woman and the creative artist 38 “Abbas Mahmiid al-‘Aqqad: The Encounter 42 Proverbs 49 Ibrahim ‘Abdalqadir al-Mazini: A child among women 50 Amin al-Rihani: Ibn Saud 56 Zaki Mubarak: How I imagined Baghdad, and how I found it 60 ‘Taha Husain: The disciples of Muhammad ‘Abduh 68 Proverbs 73 Ibrahim “Abdalqadir al-Mazini: Sa‘d Zaghlul 74 Proverbs 81 Jibran Khalil Jibran: The future of the Arabic language 82 Proverbs 87 Muhammad Husain Haikal: Old and New in language 88 Proverbs 93 viiMikha’il Nu‘aimah: The language question in the drama Proverbs Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfalati: Man and Woman “Abbas Mahmud al‘Aqqad: Oriental womanhood ‘Taufiq al-Hakim: Woman and Society Proverbs Amin Sa‘id: The youth of Iraq Muhammad Taimar: Our country Muhammad Sabri: Laboremus Ahmad Zaki Aba Shadi: The national spirit of Egypt Proverbs Tahir Ahmad al-Tanahi: The negotiations for the Anglo- Egyptian Treaty Principles of Arab nationalism Mariette Butrus Ghali: Egyptian Industry Ahmad Hasan al-Zayyat: The Arabs and the West in the Middle Ages Taha Husain: The individuality of Egypt Speech from the throne of Ghazi I of Iraq Jibran Khalil Jibran: Aphorisms Bibliographical Notes viii PAGE 9+ 1or 102 106 112 1z 118 124 128 132 aaa 138 142 152 158 162. 168 172r plist ae pul Sis! Shs od coe db Opr9Tl cys S135 SLs PLT; kell) (, GLI ¢ SIS! dle : tT Ty... Che SIS tle Asal 2s] b <2 3: Glee i ee Vi Whee V: ye Glas eV: Gas Vl Gal ous daeal .GALY! de ee Vos Gis Abs YP te by el Gan A 10 PALI OF gay Les : oe shes he 2. lhl = Ce VOCABULARY *2Ui, in front of 3 vere (pl. 2G2l), person +135) AE, the box-office “S11 Silo (fem.), the ticket- 2 coon scene seller ean, Bee Cr+) theatre , young man a) ode ete Ox2239!, [Odéon 4 *SAx, Sir *4, in ssi (23), to want o's, Paris 175 ee (pl. ett), thingAt the box-office 3 VOCABULARY | 10 eye! a somewhat | Y, not | 2429, nothing 5 (8) Ee eee hyn 7 ti? ask for Poe ps aeall ve Gy ae Ir *9, and 9 ast (gins ), to astonish \, what? 43, that 2 * 0 (pl HRS ), place, seat Gal, see note on line 5 | HE, for instance NOTES: 1 *JL=: nouns after all prepositions are in the genitive. 5: a word in the construct state, i.e., preceding a genitive, cannot have the article. All the three words: J+, 145, and x, are here defined by the article of O25 “yb: in the transcription of foreign words, some souiids missing in Arabic are replaced by the nearest Arabic ones. p becomes «, g becomes & or x, ch is G oF (#5, ete. 4 GAx, lit. “my lord” is the form of address usually applied to Moslems. In very formal speech, as here, the verb may follow in the third person. : generic Y, meaning oftén “there is not”. The noun follows’in the accusative without unation. SLITU: the eacative (ending in -u) is mostly preceded by U or - i al fem. Jt at (ine 9). 9 zal: “does it “astonish you?’ Questions are marked by the particles | (attached to the first word) or fs. o G2 “a thing”, ic., “anything”. Bi Sli G “when tio youiwant meto mk for?” Note that clauses introduced by SI “that” (with subjunctive) are absolutely equivalent to infinitives, so that Arabic often has a that-clause where English has an infinitive, and vice versa.g jSla) SLe etl ode hy yd 10¢ calle) eee ete Ve 5 95 GS “Stal § Stee 4d ge UT Gils wll Ge lel se gus dag al cae & a 551 GX Lost les We oh Jue de Hace ad aif Jojlynus & el Sil: 5 20 Gehl Gy) Elly Ge & Giclee | Je a ged cet dg GL cote oy) Ge Vs VOCABULARY 13 Aol (there) is not | 6)> (er ), to know 46h) (with suff. SY «thy | 17 Ae (alti, inf. ole), vo know etc.) with (chez) Es eo * 35, true, truth 5), here: you have x5 xis (es inf. Baa fo beut or Gls, sure of : there, to exist 386 (partic. SE, inf. SY) 16 +s, how? | to be certain -At the box-office VOCABULARY te all 21 Lk, oh yes! 18 *14s, this EAE ahinol *-e, amazing 24 ee (Sia , imper. Gis), to 2553, but I believe a ast esi ), to assure, rs a ie confirm = 6 f »), to interest Ske, with (chez) Beau Uers) 19 *JL (fem. il), free Sb I (emphatic) 20 ples ley Mademoiselle a du (Js#), to tell NOTES= 17 tpl G t is usually best to ignore these, translating the word which accompanies them as an adverb, = = “truly”, S13! & “fully”: cognate accusatives. For purposes of translation 18 “41: the pronoun is the context-pronoun (SL! sas), which anticipates the clause following, as the English there in “there comes an end to all things” *4n5: remember that verbs and adjectives referring to words in the plural are mostly in the feminine singular, except in the case of persons 24 Uf $546 “believe me”. “The pronoun is expressed twice, for emphasis. 25 * eUly “while the in front of me": circumstantial clause. These may be introduced by s, but just as often are not, and look like parts of the principal clause, so that they are not always easy to recognise. They, and the circumstantial accusatives, have to be rendered in English in many different ways, and are therefore mostly translated in these notes.a Sit ius aul ee bs call dl cela cosy Dd oS exis abs BL 63 (ds Ble yy ae Go o%) wags cee dil 45 4d elu de VLU: Ue 30 oe Spee Stl de eee gle Ghee Bo dst ce Ve el de Vs pal Gl 1k J} 6 Be Yo ge thy Qt ol SR Jel & dk Je cha gd adel GLE a KL 35 ot dl teal bd JE Je tat te VOCABULARY . 27 -3, then, in that case -2, of (the value of) Fl L=4)) to bet (see | 3° -) d=, there is no possi- or a LOS (o25!) note) bility of Ss e te (fem:.); here you have lx, dispute 28 *iL (pron. mia), a hundred , concerning ull 3, franc Se (2), to lose 29 al (2), to take out 233 (pl.), money Ss from 3r sail ee on the contrary fesee pocket xsl) (Sz), to see 35,3, banknote 33 5, astonishmentAt the box-office 7 VOCABULARY ce, plain 35 ele (part. eu), to possess sin, Relbewident os all of +§, every 355 (pl. ss), power Ghh, logic ue, mental ok, sound aly, woman 34 J 35 (5), to look at 36. cjex, beautiful 15S, like that * 55, heart os (e524), to speak oe, to understand NOTES: 27 +2529: “that there is’’. See note on line 11. ® “then let us bet”: -] with apocopate denotes wish or suggestion All “I bet", but gals “we bet against each other”: the sixth form is reciprocal, 53 ls, lit, “here is this”, with 13, fem. 53 “this”, 30 d= —Y L LI “but the only thing on which no dispute is possible is that you will lose”, lit. “as to that concerning which there is no room for dispute, that is that you...” 31 *Us-: this particle, and -~ (end of line 30) make it clear that the imperfect is to be taken as a future tense. - ie i at me”. 34 *SES Y “don't look”. Y with apocopate stands for the negative imperative. SJL “while possessing”: circumstantial accusative = “4:1 ly, See note on line 25. GIs: the suffix of the first person sing. is -ya after long vowels. 35 “ta nt... Ae = atl Sc) J, The words aL al! § are taken out of the sentence and placed in front of it, while only the suffix pronoun in ls remains to indicate the original place of these words in the sentence. This process is called extraposition, and is frequently employed to avoid clumsy constructions, In general it is easy to recognise and to translate.Slat Sue UT del GS se Sb jos 4 d Ga} alte dl gba Td Geil 0 Vs & ... a7 ete Ide pdt TeNI™ 24k b &les > QS 40 G cigigll dels OSs So Aasel : se Lele or re aie Sacel cel Ws cle leeds oe ays Gelb (eles) 1S! li E Tigi OS Tw cppl tw aly GUS Ss of Ge ad Seb Gd 2 45 ie Sb Le es Gh Gee de pS Gre . Fels as Carp eer esl os From “Plays”, Cairo, 1937- “The extract is from the play an same title, which appeared first in French under the name “Devan! som guichet”, and was translated for the author by Ahmed as-Sawi Muhammad. VOCABULARY , clearly 24, unoccupied zi (with apocopate), did not Wy es not even ee (as) , to remain Si, the highest part ° ie ), there is not left auditorium psa fauteuil +053, place *sol), a single * 3 (inf. Gps), to standAt the box-office : 9 VOCABULARY Be | ery gee ST, last | 44 dled (ele a5), to laugh Js (pl. yk), row err U, how strange is 45 ==, to precede (see note) @ #» to expect E35 (from Ji), I told ee even, as much as 46 ee Ge, sound judgment 42 & a) G, what a...! Ss, regarding os (1st sing. eS), to be 43 os, yes eee, right Sil (imp. eal to answer us A, therefore AR or (in questions) winner | Zid, joke | | | | 38 *U5ll “for standing”, i.e., “to stand”, Note that Arabic very often has the article where English has the indefinite article or no article at all (the so-called generic article). 39 *Us: the predicative after verbs meaning “‘to be, to become”, etc., is in the accusative. qr tat “have you’. There being no verb “to have” in Arabic, it is circumscribed with the help of -J, 22, sa, ete. 43.9 +1 S51 “have you, or haven’t you?” 44 *403 G2l L: the so-called verb of admiration, formed from nouns and adjectives after the pattern Jui, The noun to which it refers (here “U3) is in the accusative. 45 il and 45 before a perfect make clear that it is to be taken as a past tense. Say Ol GT had expected”, lit. “it has preceded that I expected”. , gentleness *JbE, idle =] (®), to intend ie of, from poe (inf. ra), to destroy DN, Fellah 3a (fem. oe), this NOTEs: 2 2+! the native village of the author. +4; bos “which a garden surrounds”: asyndetic relative clause, asyndetic because attached to the indefinite noun J. Such clauses will mostly be translated in the follow- t is one of the subtler points of Arabic style whether 3 or < is chosen to express ‘and”. ‘The reader need not bother much about this, except where W has the more pregnant meaning “and consequently”. aul 4s) “with whom God may have mercy”: culogy rarely omitted after the name of a person recently died. ta... Sul) “T saw... give orders”. After verbs of mental perception Arabic employs the imperfect or the participle in the accusative (ie., a circumstantial construc- tion), not, as English, the infinitive. 4 S& = sokat-tu: the final ¢ of the root and the # of the ending are written in one. 5 gb “it annoyed me”. @ is merely for emphasis, and cannot be rendered. 6 *45 be 5! “in which sat”. Relative clauses after definite nouns are introduced by S41! (feminine 21, plural ;248!): syndetic relative clauses. A relative clause mostly contains a pronoun referring back to the noun to which it is attached, here in 43. The imperfect is used because the action expressed by .-be: Is simultaneous with that of the preceding verb. *Os\bLE: sound plural. These will not be indicated in the vocabularies. Translate “the lazy ‘ones among . . .” 7 pak “to destroy”.Leal ~ Cabbd| 59G cone! hf GY + cls e15Uy - Jus BWA de bat WI deal! ode Os : Jes nl eal & easel TEST TET: cliy ote 14 10 LL! oe AS ANG Shell Qo Ebeall ode : J dell dob WH Sb de nett le SS cr a8 gl & aul lay (rr) v7) slaw ss: yu Se From The Revelations of Baghdad, a collection of essays on various subjects, Cairo, 1938, so named because the author wrote most of them in Baghdad. VOCABULARY 8 13, why? “ GY, because I Sees el, to become Se, playground 9 Fas to smile 9, but sei, advantages for 10 (2, my little son ie, to be amazed GS, how? Lesa oof ces! (imp. z23!), to make something clear xr sail, the only one ee neighbourhood &. all i os because of 12 os, watchman ales here: at wh, gate a throughout Jo, night 13 ay, you were (05) cs, wiseThe bench 13 NOTES- $ cowl lal,! “I see that it has become”, See note to line 3. 9 | “thas”: eatraposition. ros! “make it clear”. Where the object is clear from the context it is often omitted. 10 11 & shows here that we have to understand “this bench is the only one”, and not “‘this only bench”. a ld = al SG 13 alll Che» “may God have mercy with you”: apocopate to express wish. -# here = OU “because, since”. PROVERBS ower 5 o- - oe There is no messenger like money. E ays ony ow The most serious troubles are the small ones. ss epee Shi eal A bedouin is only cheated once. Saels Sos 7 { ala ee y If you area liar, you need a good 2 1,83 Ss iss os (31 memory. - sorss Seee Tf you need anything from a dog, 8 Bil Js yO Of call him “Sir”. Bae |... Ste ba TE you give in to a fool he will say oe ed Als Ail ex. § ol “this is because they are afraid of me”.a ai 352 sal OF Of 253 EW! gyl ge he eM eyh dey Se sai daly ell aap Le YX ap Of OLIV G opal Ge Vy cole os a Cre Col Call gw Me Se BU dais! DES Goes Vl ppd] G ab a oll 5 LAT pe GAS UL cde Gy (cyl! Of C49 GUY Gs Sebo LEARY eel GOK es UT eds lhl lll Cie be a5 aes GUI OFM wt VOCABULARY 2 js), man yh, excellent CL *.§5, intelligence = ob, nay 2 0k 2!, most intelligent C B ° o}, if *OS (ast sing. 28; 435), to be . 29. 3 Gt 2H, required from ot}, man “i oaks inf. ott) understand Xs, opposite U, that which ok, people 5 ab, cook to, house Se, with (French chez) ee since es ten (fem.) i (pl. oN), year ae (G5), to know 5 *isy G, readerAhmed Hamza 15 VOCABULARY o e i aS, the full extent abi, piece seb, method atl, furniture 51 (Ca), to like 8 AFG (E45 6 Gud), to * 2x, a few, some = ¥ Eo measure * JE, (pl. dul), instance plas a yeas o 2 ees 5 inf. pe be = ibe fae) (ex, inf. (73), to i e (part. ey), pomp ped placed 6 Je, a little we ds, according to uli, measure 7 es (Cea: to prepare *OK, bes Gyles, required SAS| (inf, 9122), to bring *J6 (18), to say NOTES: den Anal “Ahmed the son of Hamza”, the usual form of Egyptian names, v +S4)l cb “of outstanding intelligence”: genitive of specification. +53 -W ey! “the most intelligent among men”, it. “the most outstanding among men with regard to intelligence”: accusative of specification. #98 OI “if... is”. In conditional clauses (mainly after 3!, !3! or 4!) only the perfect or the apocopate can be used. Either of these can denote past, present or future, all according to the general sense. “is”, In English one would say “has been”. *isly] “which happened”. A participle is often equivalent to a relative clause. Arabic participles can, as the sense demands it, refer to past, present or future. we is! J! “herewith we present to the reader”. 7 +) S “we were preparing”: cither participle or imperfect can be used in this con- struction. Bas oF G4 “in which it was to be placed”.- mt 352 sal Jab | heel Dis cont 8 « Aly vel tb dhe J fe ole = Ape aed. eI uy ees cels Io ae SX eens Tobi a5 Jo taal as Su ~AWuL: ob «eu: JE eal BE 2 SU FUgbll OT 5s cls ted BG IT; IE Fe 92 cog Sy cde Cn) Sell Of Gel SY WN cd Feud dey Lig ols adley Ubu ae dbo Pall CU Ll, GUI as GUI LIU: JE Yast < AGN Old, GarcpsUieasde el as ps ISB ieey et CT Sil ue Liveniy 20 VOCABULARY Cie a, go and get! ps expected F =f *= (pl. jE), meter, here o>, to pass oi (imper.), measure! a3, and then *LiG, wall | “ ae pages * yardstick | ap.*, a short while | 3, to return 3 (imper.), tell! os (23), to mumble - 235 Seas L421, which of the two | Il pes (8), to whisper a ee | debi, longer oe like one who ° zLel, more suitable st (2), to talk toAhmed Hamza 17 VOCABULARY ° sf =H, supernatural powers *J, to ask ee — a 12 y=! U, what is the matter? cl, which of L515, pl. of Wie 13 oa yes *25)1, four 14 5, how much? 18 Wb, door oS length | au, opposite ax, three (masc.) | 19 ix, faculty, gift 15 2), width | 526, unusual ans, also = (inf. ols), to forget a ° ot 16 J as, to be astonished at * ren! (pl. cluu!), name a |, matter GX (inf. 4,25), to distort Oe: Se Y, because I 3, room sag (inf. SS), to remember >, is not as, at the time of a3 2.08 >> Square el, strangest (ass, but it 17 ae, oblong NOTES: *13!, whenever as) to speak 9 SL “old man”: the common address to a man of the people. Geib! : dual 10 sy) “for placing”. “mumbling”: circumstantial clause. 17 Wie Y! ae “somewhat”: cognate accusative. 19 OLLI J “for forgetting”. 20 S41] ae “when he remembers (them)”.1A ap sal Fes CU ge: adhe SS Eb sil We « 12h) » ce «ddan ge K]y Mntl, pall OSG ol Geel oi LS gle Ss se 5s ! oo ell ol on dat chy «HEL aul da UT geyl coat eek: ob at eS ISU 6 pr! Bae oe Ls BW Ue Yaad all 25 -O8l te SSID fe rnd No HSU obs tal ye de: als Jill UJ opens aayl bo. “es: Je FlgebS Le ee apes Jag: ols de GLI Ol! Yd ISU id, II J pale cets Gd 30 Few Kary) glad! ode VI Led ced SL peel! gel (de 2 te ke Gs ws sal» SS al essai 35 « Ss sal (\ 1-2 O) Aoeils rated! elle: slat! dg le From: The World of Walls and Chains, memoirs of the author's imprisonment from October, 1930 to July, 1931. Cairo, 1937. VOCABULARY 21 2%, for instance re but Osis, telephone GPa , exactly ik, absence 23 a or os who? SS rs) ue approximately ill, he who aus AY eS correspondingly 22/ ioe impossible ak, remainderAhmed Hamza 19 VOCABULARY a oF é 24 cl (imp. oy), to give pleasure 2S (inf. © down ), to write ai al, thank God 25 yl ie at jeaet . |= (adv:), better than Bias infinitive of 4 = es speaking sacl, someone, anyone 26 <5 (imp.), write (it) down ne =) (Adu), to rely upon | S13, memory oy! is, from now on 27 J! +2, to arrive at dss, home | NOTEs: 29 Cate, as soon as 30 po to bring 3555, piece of paper 13], behold! d, on OW, information Gl, full Xs, according to on 31 $3, manner 53, concise 3, namely J Brees al there was nothing except HF (pl. 198+), line 32 353, above 23, as follows ee 22 jxa!l 3 “it is impossible”: partitive s+ -Sa!I “he who spoke” 24 AWOL 2)! “do me a favour and write them down”. ati call “may God give you pleasure”: it is common to reduce the harshness of a command by interposing a blessi This roughly corresponds to our “please”. 25 SKI Gas 5. “than you know to speak”. if possible one synonymous with the request, as here. 27 SwSi ae! 5. Ja “has anyone spoken?” aa! 5. = so! 3t Zk. Gsi Le “one line above the other”.r- apt Gey ay! gel ISU cad! gle Vy cect! ee Y pe CF d ells GB) e834 cad] Sted pe 32 bs et GL ale! ce Bl aey «ta esep lees are! ee ce ame et Gols ey Ge Bae par d Ap! Sy cdigge Gi 5 oe’ OSk oF onl Ul ode 13! cal eb JI Ge I GD} sd Nhe Gps G Lely c bose gaps VOCABULARY *.0z (pl. ll), song #323 (425), to find 47, the country ee anyone who 2 *elL- (pl.), women x! ens (358), to con- +555 (pl. GA), village verse with * +, Egypt ere a myself cel (ee: | OST (ph. Objil), kind ss, silence | J} UG (Je5), to be inclined | to | 3 *Andi SI AG, to remain alone | ¢u44, conversation +13), when asi (fem. sie!), one The J¢ AccVillage songs 2i VOCABULARY 52 (58, inf. 245), to | keen, to recount the praises of the dead o. sos, sad an 2 E every’ ele woman = when aif (42), to want 6 dl et most liked by NOTEs: *e .é, thing 3, that 553 (S48), to remember 11 (pt ¢31), pain = (ph. Gs), dead x, ese often | (2), to end in ae ae crying \&, in reality 3 cts 13 ranslate as present tense. 4J| Gans >. “anyone with whom she might converse”. 4 Seed) 5 GlyT “in various ways”: cognate $6 0! 2. She Col “the thing the . 7 We SI “real crying”. accusative. . « like most, is”.rr et Get / dls ost gas Slt Ql cleYe GU a Lek oy 22d to aul Of SY offi nti G AA Vy aks lel ke obs Iya oe dol es es POR aks ce de Ju Y Ge oe Lalo Lis gel lie dep 45) OF L LS ce gael te oe Ss wal Ge Ley GSI o Les tela (vrr—ry 7) paYE: cue ab 15 Io From: The Days, memoirs of the author's childhood, Cairo, 1929. This book has been translated into English, under the title 4m Egyptian Childhood, and into other European languages. VOCABULARY ae 8 Fook, friend oy, because ten eee ene happiest Ir Vises, silly Ars Ae (hay to mean OB} CEI (inf. ¢ C=), to listen ee to Le2, whereas (ox (3), to sing 12 4s, violent a 9 ¢!, mother sal (Se), to make cry ro £2 (4), to annoy 71 a Je, in this fashion as, to learn by heart 2 ao Saas *osl (pl. i5e1), sister >» Ge), to stir a3 (45), to leave | | ihe impression 13 aS, much, many"Village songs 23 VOCABULARY o BE Lai (pl. .a5), tale a seriousness 14 Js, jest NOTES: 8 =LeNb “when he listened”, lit. “by reason of listening”. =: sey “while they were singing”: circumstantial clause. 9 al .., OS “used to annoy him”. rr a de ds Y “without meaning anything”: circumstantial clause. lize lye “violently”: cognate accusative. 13 EM pe Le (slel “many songs”. This plural is declined: nominative aghanin, genitive aghanin accusative aghaniya; with article nominative genitive al-aghani, accusative | al-aghaniya. 4J5a5 yaad! 4+ “serious and humorous tales”. PROVERBS When God wishes to destroy an ant He lets her grow a pair of wings. Hearing of a misfortune is bad enough. . Ack ie dle To please people is an unattainable thing. aia 7 bo ol iy Youth is the steed of folly. : deat ih SS Speaking the truth has not left me a single friend. Every young girl admires her father.Pcs By dle ay dle Asli Yde oo AI clo oF 45,4 § des UW Gil las Stl Gen Heyy WS Gel Ss hel! Wel ho jew! ody de led glo § aj L Le «cl acl, GA peas ge cay, 08 - lad! cael ay pL Jets 5 ee dodls kal Sad oe Bled LS oil a ¥ lajet Sly Le Leyes At 4 Load! ole jsp Eb! VOCABULARY dk, craftsman top > rural zd OE I had aan estate 7!> (part. -i!3), to do some- thing constantly JE SSS (inf 5535), to visit repeatedly d, for the purpose of Cb (inf. aa\eas to supervise 3 *dae (pl. duel), activity, work re \)5, agricultural ae (42), to know *Jo5, man = (4), to be named es old man Gis, Asaf (name) *isGy, craft, trade zh, weaver u eS , often 28 3 8 *y\) (ast sing. yj; 3)!), 0 visit 9/3, house Jk (Jat), to watch &35, duringA village craftsman as VOCABULARY 5 desl (5): to work Avil in front of ue loom 2S humble | NS, primitive = sy (255) to welcome J pli (3B), 10 offer 6 iB: every ae time | obs, cup 25-5, coffee he ab face 5933, dignified sls, agreeable 44, conversation 4c), beard sai, clipped & GEE! (LE), to be mixed with wh, whiteness i, of 4 (sing.), hairs NOTES: 2 45,2)l: Egyptian province. ‘ple — <5: “which I constantly used to visit”: genitive of specification. 3 del oF “1 used to know”. e “who was named”, he mI! “Old Asaf”, 4 cli tele “who was a weaver by trade”. 4} L LS “whom I often visited”. “LY “in order to watch him”. Je: 549 “as he was working”: circumstantial clause. 6 Li a sil 5.8 5 “every time I visited him”. 6&7 ALN ._-» “comely of face”: genitive of specification. 74) “he had”. 78 ely: — Lis “the white hairs of which were mixed with its black ones”.at a gle S 92 clans el J cales plssl due ate) CTL cdl pay bed gn, S> Geel debe ands aay be GK cae SF SI dae bE Os cM sel tele Gels 10 op PKs Lhe Le opt ae clblass cbs oles ee Ll] s seb abled Toa Wid] § ae Sioel u Beal alc isi) ol Op typed Spee Cae fe oe From the story A Father's Grief, which was selected by the author himself for inclusion in the anthology The Best I Have Written, published by al-Hilal, Cairo, 1934. VOCABULARY 8 olse, blackness , education EL, to die ae (inf. ales), to teach 3) wife ei » Weaving Bs, ago = until 3 Lok is i : ce (pl. cel), year 10 3 Es, to be accomplished in saree J GE, to leave to Z~!, to become sie 220m 23, only I, father & all oul, right ¢, family | US, to be Je GEE, to apply oneself | ot, a youth assiduously to de, handsomeA village craftsman 27 VOCABULARY os, shape Bi GS), to do something i frequently 53, strong M a nee « IZ OF Sed (inf. S45), to talk about eo (eb), to be bright oe (pl. ole), gathering ce (f, dual OL), eye SA (part. odes), to recount Bees intelligence 13 tte (Pl. dilas), EE a: &, with bis, alertness | a 5, pride ae be, ele >! ( wles!, admiration —, love 14 wel to be taken aie, great ce from NOTES: 8 fleet i. “some years ago”. 9 3 “who was”, 10 21: before suffixes-or genitives, WI takes the forms »! (nominative), ce! (genitive), W accusative). 21 — 26L. “his father's right hand”. 11 «le GL “whose eyes were bright” +53 “with intelligence”: accusative of reason. | 42 “whom his father loved”. sHe l= “greatly”: cognate accusative, Af Gist + AS “frequently talked about him”. The 5+ is partitive. 12 |o4es “recounting”: circumstantial accusative.TA GjUM cglen dine jl cyl nics gaits Ye all Osu Holds cond 2! wl OF 4 Gik VE GL) Osdees Word fell CUE ppt cba Le pst of « Gentll Sle of cproltl cis Sy He Ys «AV Wyner Of O54 9 « ch = GAS GH 5 clpaal SI Gye Vo jE Sat OAs coll G Lae ed kee Yc Sit Glee > SLU ee OF pills as peg cKiell gpl AT G chad ad sie UE ee f pill as cyhciy cpadl ad ty AY Gael al VOCABULARY iAi;, advantages | 3 Gels, due * he (pl. ce), roof | G5, rarely #335 (pl. Jj\%), house | * Sp de (Ane), to go up to 2 hee, Gs = of that which Mi, except J on (da ), to regret | 4 ace, on the occasion of Be pee | en ae Gly (Sz), to see LS} (inf. S35), to erect fae Easterner | ase (pl. ails’), pole, mast pol), radio JE (pl. SK), rope aol, especially | | eS (pl. OS), inhabitant 4205 (pl. O44), city | Jené, washing ees a | #32 pie ned) Ona *% ce! (a inf. oN): to oO (ing. 2s), 0 take advantage of awayMaking the most of one’s roof 29 VOCABULARY ° | 5 c= Ge, not to be in need of 35> (pl. 4), room | S>ea, attic cel be tiesto like e Sal (Gack ), to cleave to | «sil, earth 6 a (ge ), to soar tel (fem.), sky v d55 (G58), to dwell in vans, ncean part J! 1s G3 ), to aspire to al summit 7 Su, to escape e. o>, the best ae, (pl. =), pleasure NOTEs: *sla, life CL. Y, especially *3a, climate, air Fe, marvellous Gs gus ), to be clear jst most jr (pl o¢-21), month Ce ps), 10 blow = breeze ds, fragrant, soft WY, by night onige Seer . Ax! (422), to be extensive a), vision ca be pleased (255), to expand, to +a (fem.), soul 2 ol al i] L. “one of the things I regret, is that . . .”. Opis Y 5,211 6] “I see that the Easterners do not use”: imperfect after verb of sense-perception. ce”. 4 SF ce “when they erect”, A= st L “those things which are not needed”: Passive of an intransiti: 7 Ol repSlé “it escapes them’ = & “one of the best”. verb. {yl ¢\IY1 “as much as they should”: cognate accusative. impersonal construction with the ‘they are not aware that”. 8 45 sin? “in which . - -” and similarly in the next clauses, until GS SE, line 13.re wl JUs «We ool J NV dew sets JU oy ats t0 iE pee dnt duis cy «clady del «cule pel cols pal YS weit sles obs ola Chitis des) ES Nghe) UES lo BeBe > Laysl a Ob 5 Les cpa Ge Ie Vs 6 2b Lpatil F elk Opts Yass 525 As! ebsly At 2 Lu gl dle Lets b col cle cSlly Gtealls Leet Lug east Sles deals ee! ee les el! ji dles els ole My cdputll eke ge LAY Ud oly oe wel dG LJ! Vg dees ol MI ion (evv—rv4 uw?) bbl! L438: From The Cornucopia of Ideas, a collection of light 1938. eu yes VOCABULARY repel (pl. J), night % cs either... or eat moonlit He, Gas to be tired of = (fem.), eye ade, beauty ce, to be absent 11 >, moon pe es, to take the place of pes (pl. pe), star st (£4). to soothe Sie (E548), to talk to So (5), wo fill es, heart 12 aa}, awe 13 al if Obs to be, to exist a2 Gs) .3!, Europe essays and feuilletons, vol. 1, Cairo,Making the most of one’s roof san clear cal, warm SE, to know oe , how 14 i. just as x55, to make into 15 pe, place >, evening-conversation h es pleasant jet, meditation - 4,4, agreeable Ces (pl. oS), club ee (pl. 33), café 16 om (pl. vt), stage *li, cinema wo 18 A) sr VOCABULARY # fetes, theatrical performance as (pl. osc), place 6 Seles, lecture bh, sight, view ee, conversation re together Bee to do o rao to have a rest from Ji, hawker e+, to polish elie (pl. 4A2h, shoe oN at, bootblack of 8 oO! YJ, unless 12 2s) “with courage”. 13 iw)... OS 4) “if there were... to soothe you”: circumstantial clause, and so the following two verbs. they would know”: 4) introduces hypothetical conditions; the apodosis of these is often introduced by -) (Ja-, not li-). t415 Lit. — 1y455Y “they would make their roofs a place . .”. 16 |ssi3 “and would thus benefit”. 18-1 Ubi J “if we were to do this, then . . .”.ov JUT st JU aS 2 JLT LSI Syge « Bde L « Sle Bs ae bs apes ees breasts eye nats 05S OF Hy, She OLS Ws ll ge ESL AT OSS W553) LU aw ce TAS Gets pd sy colaill Gail 5 ay Jt uty Gh ool of Ge péduy . de a SGLAN, « GELT ye SEU! es Wy OY « dglgul LEA oe Us OS GS Eyal YT Oly «Gee PAL Le Lob stl VOCABULARY a 2208 xii! Miss | oul, dark-skinned JLT, girl’s name ao Spt (ipa to bear 2 Be, here you have witness Ge, friend Sy, dark skin 45, sometimes 4 5 (03), to be ees 5 4.56 1, more attractive Kaiees picture 3 aS (pl. os), girl oe, bright *S, in, at, with A, light skin Geel a law school ol, tongue oe e- 49, face ws, sweet33 Miss Amal VOCABULARY J e (ce), to enable | a (4s), to eye a right to 5 zai, ane eloquent te da (inf. U5), to welts es month serenades to ze eS Sane i ay “Ac (G~22), to contain Oy, because 3s, , treasure ox, precious 7 vb, father *3ELT (pl. atch, professor Ps ee 8 dati (pi. 4.06), student x5 (pl), teeth & (pl. Gs), right asi) pearly 6 ges di, rarely equalled | Sle: although | EL hes | S)> (G4), to know oe how 9 Slee (pl.), forbidden things — ek, in spite of myself | ead (w=), to admit NOTEsS- 3 4! “who has”. Ob Apt: “which bears witness that”. 4 2256 1: accusative of specification, lit. “more with regard to attractiveness”. This Sircumlocution is here employed because the simple clative Wie! might give rise to confusion with other meanings of the same root. OSS OY Gets “which enables her to be”. 5 Ge “which contains”. ‘since, because”. 7 GSU 5 “a teacher of mine”: partitive genitive. 7-8 Gye — s4LW: translate “students owe their teachers a certain respect”. 8 Sab-¥ =5 “1 don’t know”: the ©:5 is inserted to reserve the tense-scheme of the conditional clause while employing the idiomatic 21 Y (the perfect of G3 is hardly ever found). OSS GS “why . . . should be”. 9 Slim! y “a forbidden thing”: partitive genitive.ré JUT ast Of Gay bs ce Ml ge pie Gil Ue ILI aaiMiss 40 «ed yee GNs ty I al OSs cfyas bbl C4 i sl a Us gs asl Yojbe Ay Gps Olsens sad! E Je ob! Lee Sole 3 lA! Ae oe OF elaDly GLO! UT Cae C= ple abil as 15 CASL AI OLA) ee te) pl of be BE) ais. oli gh Lys Yess Gi Cel oy cass L US G Cabs VOCABULARY 10 S we Se ds, possessing 555, obstinacy Cpeae deallobiy Ole, disobedience <6, intelligence 3553) (43,4), to grasp Eo G5): to please 3s, instinct iI Bs, but I am 14 on one of 35s, painter Ae (pl. 4), slave Ea faithful JUS, beauty 12 oles (pL), characteristics ie youth 23) (Lai: Le), to love | 15 ab, little girl 4:42, vehement y eb, passion for 13 a love aes, strange d BS ( 3), to express 5 (inf. a to keep oneself in abreast ofMiss Amal 35 VOCABULARY Fl (pl. 541), literary all production 345 (pl. 55), newspaper Ae (pl. tS ), writer Six, tee J. elja2), poet 4 yes a oe 17 45S, to exert oneself 16 54, author . ld (Le), to think ee (24), to keep busy as) i, to compel Sei oust *-45 (e281), to bring, to present es day NOTES- 10 Las negation of the imperfect shows that the form is to be taken as a present tense. we (apt ol “to certify her that”. 12 last Le “vehemently”: cognate accusative, 13 +L! “for him”: &! with suffixes stands for pronouns in the accusative wherever it is not convenient to attach the suffixes directly to the verb or verbal noun. d+ implies “is this perhaps because she . . .”. 17 ! 5 “I should have thought”. cap 3! Ly “for a day or two": accusative of duration.ra JU ut chelsea Gab dyad! ed Ceged OF Se So cons .Ghal BLE aay sl a G SY Oly Of easy oe ele} Hel RT cs (SST as a LI 20 pal GY eels Ge ot OF Gye ype thesd Cleat Spee GES OF ogeyf L Ss ef Lyse Id! 2p hk ay oe SS oF Cal GY (een U7) alae Cas: SLs Sj VOCABULARY 18 a and then 65), to insult, hurt 3 Bk, I was awed to see that Ji, most grievous = Eyl Ga); to absorb G=, when A harvest vai, to refuse & all 21 ei (22), to give a, half Ss (3), to know ZéL, hour Su, now 19 BS (G2), to bother, bore ose more generous , remainder ea more liberal apes evening 22 ot ’, free of charge Bia criticism. a ie all that Glee, press | G (54 to hope ose i das ut, furthermore | Sie! (SER), to talk ill ofMiss Amal 37 VOCABULARY 2 ee we . Spa>, presence odts, in his presence i father Aly even if it be 23 ss (533), to be mentioned prs, reproach NOTES 18 Ces-5 Of “that she should get through”: after O! either the perfect or the subjunctive is employed for verbs denoting past events, according to whether the time or the logical relationship is to be emphasised. A Spare! CUS = Sparel cus 20 elds! Ciel “most grievously”: cognate accusative. 21 Geli “'so let her know”: J with the jussive (denoting command) loses its vowel after Sor 3, read therefore falta‘rif. 22 ¢-t Hit. “for no price”. Y is here prefixed to the noun. 23 39 :s) keeps here its hypothetical sense, as opposed to 0! y in line 8. PROVERBS -S-oe 20s -eae a- The essay of the drunkard will be ated i le oS du, read in the tavern. rae oar After forty years the bedouin took - Sail Sal a = ail ee his revenge. Only a camel is great. - del J te ot oe - oe 3 2e- A cat does not run away fromawedding. . opi a a or y He who sleeps does not know of 5 a sibs 5 ones Ss I AG Rs those who are sleepless. Se ” CmBis Okally afl SLI, sil 64 Ul > ga GO ez! Jey) G3 ge Bad Skull Ihe Ga al» Lasl aR ol gees OLS he Jee ed «glace, Jae Of etal ahs... eb Vad cake! i ales Of an Y OLY Vee ee ble Of al eal 5 Sle Jk dod of % Jie Wile ob cel tle ol 1 gf Hh Last ge OF es Woke S of Oba Tel pps OF Ce ope tees) JS OF SLA G Yly S Obs «SLM! Yas) pas Obl dng) Gey Se LET G6 SI Ud el BLA! 10 VOCABULARY Reet Je ° *3\,+ « ||, woman, wife 3 JX, the like of *OUS, artist oS, man 3 as, true ora) (ghE5),.to be able A agen * Je), man Lal, also 2 oe a of * SM... US (fem. ... |, a matter ab: the... who 4 ay to differ 5, strange * Sly (pl. elyT), opinion (2355), to marry | as personal clin, possibleWoman and the creative artist 39 VOCABULARY , if only 35,31, to grasp au (at), to resemble =e ol, any cay aoe 6 =! (fem. ¢=+!), other J Ja (pass. impf. Oa), to give away to 7 ot aH, without reward Ge SUG, his life (emphatic) 8 i, yes ss (<8), to be necessary oe (ee); to understand &, all 9 pa (pa), to be given *o3), husband +, mission or (dS), to secure 10 i, comfortable de>, pleasant BT d, under the wing of a (=), to produce GE (GES), to create “on which . . .”. f only the woman would grasp”. y Oat Y “must not be like”. 8 ed OF Coy “must understand” 9 G&G Ol “is that she should secure”. + d® “can a man like that also marry . . ?”.&- Obl, af A be Ge Ot Sa) Ss beh GH I ee OF eas oe Ss ees eb DI! les ane Vy Aut bens} or AS sll, ae eet lel Pyle ule Ghee GMI GF WS Co 22. eee es Fig Sdaly Aad oad, OF Oyo «poll Seb OLA jhe 15 til U] ghe of d92 We ase Dl ae Se ltt peosaee plat VE Ce Obi CaS Of Ghee SI bay! of (papeg ees Greed CSI Cec badey ULy I I cde dG eA SI ark el ayWl o-* ol 20 Seal ce bets Gil del ge Ob Gan Ue] » : Lb .« Obi! (yvi- iv. 7) SW) pt es : ped! GSs From: Under the Sun of Thought, a collection of essays on religion, art, and sociology, Cairo, 1938. VOCABULARY 11 *2a5), wife | EL (22), worry 42 it (8), 10 be interested | on a C=); to expect in | from | Se (ctu), to demand v (5), to take upon from | oneself 12 aii (dese), to remove ane (pl. pe ), troubleWoman and the creative artist 41 VOCABULARY aoe Ce), to inform of 14 tak, at all, ever es creature SE (29) to live cule, silent ak, patient pk, smiling 15 yhe, proximity pal aes all through life sii Os 3, without y Esk G2), to make feel 24>), moment Jal Is, single a burden 16 is (4), to stand se J), at the side of NOTES: | LSls, always | Celene se | J! fo ( G28), to be aware of 17 >5>4-, in existence jlasYb, in short 18 3436, faith a to deserve ea > by, for ore, patience hae 42x25, self-sacrifice 3:), to connect | @@a (ez), to put | i heart a) word a | 20 del os for the sake of 1g Gb ete., “silently”: circumstantial accusatives. 21 USI particle of emphasis.Wl OX ge hyde de HRs A Ble gay ans Le al OB ae ab ab Ley gs cyl} SLY ante abGls op tS HS, al lat l Sys Gs GRU eke Bea gay, SAU DI pl® Bs 22. «Ubon Gel Ob 4.8, De ey ttl Lyk ce led Olpse 35 Ans (pag dole HN 42S AS GS LO! LT KE Ose as «le Ales OW SU yf da Ys a8 VOCABULARY (coll. “i 1&2), Ir oy, because *0 Gib (Gi), to be fit for 413, house | 255 (inf. 243), to guess See | turkey, lit. “Greek fowl” ae *izxio, plate saa)! the twentieth (year) wae sce i Pan eee # 10 *i9 54, macaroni stalls (Ul, the twenty- fifth ne just as os i stale aks, with CX! (48), to be called +l, girlThe encounter 45 VOCABULARY J fee occupied eS, garment oi (Ce), to turn a thing this way and that | a-0t | d 2! Gx, to study some- | = | thing carefully | Eee. ne | 13 *U6 (Us, part. |), to say Biv Ax.|, to make happy 4u!, God che, morning ee ce!, where? | 713, Madam 14 3), to return 4-5, greeting J, the like of xsl) (63), to see 3, except 15 <>, to go out ie fs a little while ago Si JE, with the intention to ale (55); to return bt dy, shortly 16 J! <4), to turn to NG, saying ¢ “sl, to-day 17 Bue -8e J, is not }, Italian NOTEsS= 9 aki “feeding”: circumstantial clause. 4S ll “which she had”. 1o axis “with a plateful”. (> — Cae “whose age it was difficult to guess”. 11 xls “might be”. ait “which she turned”. aut smay . perfect used as optative. IZ Ys! “don’t we ever see you”, a-wa for wa-a: a is the question-particle. ‘31 “when you visit’: circumstantial accusative.ot SEMI ole) Uls care Gla! pe ULL Ce ali oS oY ale be SGU pLLIL VL Ob Of. abu O! Ridels ¢ paall Sel CbT OL Gnas s YS co 20 desk plac! ke Ope Of dae ¢ pbied! eéi pl Ghats « ebell Col BLL eal] coli Cee ols Cis G Sot G ESL Gly alge OF aly colge cil Vf beg) Yoel SI aytall od,. ens Gl et Of Gadi ey tht Gyr 25 VOCABULARY 18 HAG (5); to reply ae anything but cal, smile, grin vas, broad 1515, but 19 *y> (pl. tt), nationality plab, food ata, here ok, cosmopolitan Y os (Sx), belong to é a, Egyptian aos * 81, to eat 20 21 J 143, beans Ste | (Baypiian /ealloqural), boiled Siz, English obi, potatoes «-e S48, Indian ue a to persist in rhe, fast usb, long J! 3B, to look at este, reproach che, pretended‘The encounter 47 VOCABULARY a as Ez, to find clever 24 yl, to feel ) ols, reply 23 ol to find strange immediately ae * Gils, to suit #45; L., participation — 2a P * Soe, wishes, desire aols <53 G, at the same time © 25), to welcome GL (inf. G +), to lead Paty 50s 43 ~, nevertheless 2. ual, to be slow ea 135 NOTES: 18 % “except with”. 19... O8 O! “if nationality were determined by food”. tel gs y “any nationality”. 22 all 5,45 “with reproach”: cognate accusative. 25 Gy OF “he would have led”. Glel! lls! OI “even if he had been slower at doing so”.fa Wy! Yakids oI! G2 Ye et S G5 LW Ol: cle Ju OU J LT & be daly (St SST Y dy cde G O35! FI ge ObT tell, CST SHY yal tdgm 15U Tol, af rs Ylaprs loly of oe lars cele Gils 1 dtl of Lal ple G21 30 2 lee BE YS pS PLE oe ets Vpls cc My Gi Papert LT L Gyead 15 Cry emir oF) syle: dled! dperes be From: Sarah, a novel of contemporary Egyptian life, Cairo, 1938. VOCABULARY 26 G35 (G5), to know 34, possible &, every 33), then See as : ae, fee | 29 ee! (br), to ignore o <3 (.=3), to forget os, about oz Ke) te forge Xene 30 Lal, also V4, fickleness Le ae aos, word 27 4xbs, patriotism oa to hear ieee es | 31g ots with some *S53 (542), to remember Pes anger ov! ie before now , suppressed 28 13U, what? | ik. as if she{I The encounter oo VOCABULARY iG (C4b3), to talk to ‘ 32 5M, why ress (34), to call a, to think young NOTES: 28 Jye ISL “what was he saying?” Sbsll_ gs OST “was it possibl jo Gas le “heard her reply PROVERBS Four wives, and the waterskin is dry! If one has no teacher, his teacher is the devil. When mouse and cat make peace, the greengrocer’s shop is lost. A slave is beaten with a stick, but for a free man a hint is enough. It is enough (punishment) for the envious man that he is grieved at vour joy. Hak ily ots wl 22 - + 205 wor abe. Os ee jal ST eet 13, Sealy te etal psslash) oe abst cL! oy Jabll Vy lei G da VY. (5B Ge Ad tel ST} oa de SF pipe SSE plete OV oe cop talf sie KJ de Sapa si— sole syle Ves aves odes pas CUI LAI of SSI Y SN de ba Gy — cell 5 Beh Y by decly LI Ge GWG Y Webity « bel LSE See elg slg Coe oll de Slpbally Heol 5. aL, child Ba among els (pl.), women z is, to grow up os house aa3 (eH), to find ae anyone who would Pi (-58), to talk to Jd, because ot i, fewness ual (sing.), inhabitants 3 & dumbness VOCABULARY oae (25), to tie 2 - 8 Ol) (pl. 4-!), tongue ahs but zs oY, because as (oh jek +), occupation +e Gye (a to distract from ; Ane, grandmother ah father a (GB), to leave See prayer-rug a J!, orA child among women 51 VOCABULARY 3553, skin-rug SS (GS), to stop from eel J more correctly, Ses movement rather S = i.s.3, mumbling 5 *, hand ae (a2), to know ine, rosary ss ($4 ), to remember A thread ve ai (p23), to join a for col, the Prophet 7 *elES (pl. a1), prayer ae (pl. ols), benediction ik (pl. ot), bead 6 + shal, to break, to stop & SIG, how often! cre Sie eae G abl L, how long! NOTES: 2 4d —} “in which I hardly ever found’”: OS with the imperfect often denotes a recurrent event. alsi § 4) “because its inhabitants were too few”. 3 Abe “which tied”. 5 84 Gy “holding in her hand”: circumstantial clause. S31 Y = translate “of which I do not remember”. 6-7 42259! — Ly “of I don’t know what prayers”.er cL! oy Jubii JA! 952 oe sIW ost Ogle G fie LOL ssl Dente bs His ped UI Cab ey Sb yl Grail ie Sper al Uf clewlh Gow bos ¢ yl, 10 rel slg dey ad! Goo U LS, 1M Aadpag Spd! aedy 23 lene ate! Gees de ET be ay 4 Gr lS Bye What 7 sed Slily Ses Eb oe Sad! Ooty Le tig pes SI Y Gl ati AES Y clleos cacrhiy Ab ple gay ally Sy 15 VOCABULARY 8 5 (448), to sit (eo), to stroke sail, in front of To sta head G et (part. Gass), to gaze ae and then £5 (E53 ), to stretch out ais 2 : ls (inf. 255), moving ceaselessly dt, ar ms night ai, God 9 aly, daytime *oye, voice, sound ies sometimes or (sz ), to make faint dt =a, to turn towards and, pee pees (eo); to smile ur al (e2) to make hoarse gerne 5 ot 3! (42), to draw some- 3;-=, sorrow ooth) 2 o2 one near to cae! (car), to make trembleAchild among women 53 VOCABULARY = 08 12 ae ey (222), to pat ee, cooking ae | +1, pain oF (<2). to emit d ea regret for | 14 ei mother dist (52), to come to dS (dtp), to cease ie ; | we nate ; ax, after | Ole (pl. 035+), affair als, death | on such as | 5, shoulder J—é, washing a gu Ges, to bend over | 15 oe sweeping =, small Fela (sing.), pigeons Pes mouth ae (44), to water ont bl (e), to feed 45165, hen asl face | 4, dusting 33, toothless | (J). to kiss NOTEs: 8 Gans “gazing” circumstantial accusative. ost, ete: dual. sbelly Gall Gy5> “throughout night and day”: cognate accusative. to Linall 45,23 “which weakness made faint”. 11 4J! Gs W “at the state to which we had come”. 14 ... dl ¥ “was perpetually prevented from attending to us by . . .”. 15 43.5 “which she watered”. Similarly the following clauses until 45 line 17.es cL} oy jabs Tote es od ol ell GA Yet of Lhe Ve dees 29 Yo! ef al es LS) cts) es ot! Vo dy cll bil. G af ol Yasiys LL cls Bee eee! AEs EU Syl It SI Es Le ol de ci x Boley de teu ahs Yobl Gbooe bili ee € MET 255 Ubde LO Obs cdl! GeV. Lilt» «bE Y GU yd UST, ews (vé-vr 7) GAIN Es Ll oWl re a2»! From: On the Road, a collection of short stories and sketches, named from the first story, Cairo, 1937. VOCABULARY U LSS, often ay (42), to stand Sei (ES), to cease | 16 es eS to scrutinise | hee, vesicles J} ar GES), to look at o (e=), to finger 18 dls, (a5), to seize | sly (63), to see EF (pl. E13), young bird 74 5 5 eee rl... |, whether... or GH) (G#R), to cram eo he ‘ua there are not GI, te. 17 vas (sing.), eggs = (q2), to spit BE (G25), to pluck ys (pl. 7322), bill u~y (sing.), feathers ol, waterA child among women 55 VOCABULARY 19 <> grain “al, end ss, work sd, lady of the house 20 Ls, paternal aunt o with U5, but she ies old woman 556, to be near Gui, the age of a hundred 21 as (8), to sit GL (dual abl, fem.), leg dydes, extended de SEG, propped up by S3ley, cushion 22 old, tongue ah (35), to get tired of 513 (inf. bys2), to wag (36, talk 038, nonsense x3 (425), to laugh 23 aS (33), to leave a8, babbling ‘there is no end”: generic Y . 20 ©3a6 “who had nearly reached”. (As “as she was seizing”’: circumstantial clause. 21 OG>s;4.. lesley “with her legs stretched out”: circumstantial clause.en coe ol ppl a ee Ol Rol ae Ve ys ST pep Gdns Fee Gal cll ChE 5 Sind sf diel bg WE of Hee ae do thle Ss 6A Gy caulial Gs cadle, G2 al (Es Vy oss oe Lb Ubi G pee volar 3) 6A ie dey pe ell Spal Ley coe te ell te ST as GeO) Le Gl ba > andy atl ay Gs ee roll Se bil chee V haste Seoleied| os Al H28 lls See Gl oe 1! OF Ke VOCABULARY 2 &, here ge, exaggerating be, to meet 3 (ds), to say al (pl. eiaiys prince oad great *55, Arabs 4 355L4,, handshake ~ +, all ULSI, smile 33, to find ps, talk , amongst | ols (pl.), views; glances 2Si, greater Se (inf. =) to strike Ss than 5 oiiiearth 3 *Jo), man Toes stick e5, Iam not Ss eal (ce), to express Uj le., overstating openlyTbn Saud 57 VOCABULARY sgl (fem. mins the first +i, sitting 553 (pl. 5), thought se (es ), to fear Bai) anyone es among 6 ok (pl), men aN what is more Al (24), to divulge “ secret SeiGahow noble is .- 1 ae (335), to know zeenicele 7? & (G4), to rely upon aul, God Ol, rulership, kinghood ele to rule rd (sing.), people as G, doubtlessly Eby pe (pl.), greatness el (pL Sl), title ez, strange ee, wonderful : 2 cl (Ist sing. +>), to come to somebody eG heart o E58, devoid of yah, hatred ax, next to +2, liking NOTES- These lines were written by the author in his diary under the fresh impression of his first meeting with Ibn Sa’ud, then Emir of Nejd (now king of Nejd, Hijaz and Asir). eet at lat 42,5 translate “the way he strikes”. Bb bh Gg = Si ol Gx “who know wy)! Le “we are the Arabs"; ee Ad Sod! Ol : extraposition. danen Nejd dialect. cx 51 “something greater than mere . . 8 2L 45 “he rules”, lit. “he has acquired rule over”. 9 lily 2. Se “when Tcame . . . c my heart was": circumstantial clause.a aga cal Rall ane Vo cell VY cjledt cl Vo «nes! cl MW LCL ac dute Jol G te He 1 i bes 22 oy gelbil leYL Els tye O50 Y CH of de cb es Seg hay Ele abt of fe ek i ok Eola cys Eee aes ig is gee el ed Le Aad Do AL § pte 2G OS! Ss 1 GY ke Gl... heblly thle AU 5. SY! cue op GL hae ee ge phy} OF te ape el oy} (2) 2 oro) Sel Ass seed! oo! From: Kings of the Arabs, a report of the author's travels in Arabia during the year 1922, Beirut, 1924-5. VOCABULARY ro Ys... Y, neither... nor Gis, always ash, opinion wel, admiration 5255 (sing.), the English 13 ly (9), to see ‘tel, the Hejaz Of be 4s, to promise that eli, praise oe (pS), to speak to -- ok (pl.), abuse dale, straightforwardness Y a to impress ie, frankness aK, to fill 14 ee (esa to write os to sit LU35,, likewise 12 if oe, but = frank e aes combined with | e rs straightforwardIbn Saud 59 VOCABULARY eel (4), to understand an (pl. 41g), king ee (accus. es), something iiss comparison i\, physiognomy eas , contrast 15 ybe (xst sing. Se), to come to dl Ss (Sa), to rely upon . yt (ahh), to feel uf bat Se! 17 yl} (ast sing. &)}), to visit 4x, happy ae ey because I ot (fem.), soul ies Ol Lu, after S ai, in addition to 16 ais, I have dL, musk oN, now pbs, seal NOTES: 10 Gl, Xs: the predicate is oI. 11 \» “with affection’’. 12 leL_L: in English one would say “which we had”. 13 GS = L § “in whatever”. 15 gS)! Gye “I have come to rely”. LeabLgs 15-16... Se L “the many kings I have now for comparison”. ‘17 plsell d “the musk of the seal”, ie., the choicest, the non plus ultra. An adaptation of the Koranic phrase in Sura 83, verse 26: “Choice sealed wine shall be given them to quaff, the seal of musk”.1: Gal & Wypet Fe slay Yel, Bo Sy ped Sr slay Lay cOgebel Gobi a5 UT sof of est ae bole So ge Gy leat juT of ogg! ed ls cel MWISs 6 O¢5 G Opb Wik Se Ate pry Whe sibs cljolls

, Tigris 23 (pl. ¢l)j4), minister yok, treacherous (‘vizier’) mas nies \\5c, impetuous onl (pl. ell), general a iH (‘emeer’) at (ABs), to overflow the 6 pie to rule over banks LE world 8 os 2} c= om from time to com time *su, approximately ZG, three ob (c+22), to obliterate os (pl. O33), century | *eL4 (cl42), to wish pees | ies firtele ot JL, to ask about | Oke (pl. gta), garden NOTEs- 2 BSI SS “Thad been expecting”: OS with the imperfect denotes durative action. Osentall = rlall 43: the Abbasid dynasty, which held the Caliphate from A.0. 750 to AD. 1258. 3 2U5il ede Sly “though grief fills my heart": circumstantial clause. 4 Ob — 2 “which gives but a faint idea of their exploits”. 7 Gslae “Twas told”: the third plural masculine denotes also the indefinite person (French on, German man). 8 ce eles “whatever it desired of . . .". ‘The meaning of this idiom is approximately “a great number of”.a Yat, 5 lyped Fe alae Sead! ed OS Al OK Gye alas Gas OF ailyse at cle wypell lays! (SU dell 2 Le 10 cael od Gall ob 9 sae jee) a Leaky Yoke ee Sais Wee Css 6 Co Id Up dja gy. Jab als celdl et o ts ee AS Was leig cSgedl be cll wists Seley! ns 34341 ome Go se Wl dt slay S15 aly sell! Yale Gls dts slay 95S OF ST oy yj Wy cLUdty at) G Cai ayel Gals «dst pees Al yee ce of old SALI Gall ge at te VOCABULARY 9 Otsae, tyranny a5 like Je (J2), to transplant 12 xsl, Cairo Se, place é ree district *psal, to-day £2, old 10 ia, locality wae, new oz other than x, when 5G, to select &, to fall ir 3e, to be influenced by oo (fem.), eye eee, modern 13 wigs (pl. iis); city 08 dees cl, to become | e-, orientalHow I imagined Baghdad, and how I found it 63 VOCABULARY ell ce cs in all respects poke (45.4), to borrow >=, anything except |, street-lighting 14 3el5}, eu 1, distribution Siss water os, throughout, among ee (pl. 5), house dJ3 16 (3, in all other respects 15 * SE (es), to live ts manner of life b3, ago = (dual De), generation NOTE: 16 de oe (48), to pre- dominate in ei (sing.), pleasures eel (sing.), amusements 17 By wantonness ek eel a seven-days’ ‘ wonder “ake, seriousness Lis, efficiency 3h ou ates ), to visit 18 sts, twenty ale, cosmopolitan jt x I did not see ae (pl. ooo) picture, scene plas |, concentration 9 Of ailyas a) Lt ui “its tyranny became the cause that...” OS J] OS 5 “from one place to another”. 10 4ya:I| : the second Abbasid Caliph, who founded the city in a.p. 762 11 6 45 31.44 OI “that B. had been influenced”, 32 (eal) “I saw that it was”, similarly line 13 and 33.xg etl) 5 leiypet Fe olay LG ch os ES cole Goel L ple Sybelly Oprays sate HW Gaps « pl! ste lel J] Orde 20 Loppl aL eh Ul ppases es, LZ de Jhtly Jat Glan ota O95 of sl 25s SF pedl ed os © SHS cob ane EG IE eA giall dy 052 L age LN Ose oI gp Killy abo PALI ASB ge Gy pall Lalit Rye 21a pail os 25 dae SB be et Sb LO wel,t of ats Ob SLSY ees Ys eo es tl Od GS Vy yds Vy pe ee Vy Oley dS EH VOCABULARY 19 date, persistency glans, a tenth U, of that which eS wherever 33, to look vt (pl), people 20 146 (9482), to run be (pl. Juz), business tb, ostrich i+, to watch pe ee, \aé (s4%), to go out in the morning cb (C32)s to come home in the evening 21 ay (pl. ae: face ett (pl.), traces on grim 22 Olics, battlefield Jas, discussion Je, literary warfareHow I imagined Baghdad, and how I found it 65 VOCABULARY es) us somewhat like | one Islam 23 ape (pl. 3He=)s age 26 ly, to surprise wore | sh eis s+, speculative theologian oh, Moslem eee | oe ee & 5) (42), to boil over | +e GQ, in every respect with | oe pe U, what do you think ees | i. 24 23! (pl. JI Lescyy see’ weal 35 41 Galil ol candy celbell Gp Os L
• =, to get to know ot, people e we ale Bs possessing a great ‘deal of 2 -851, brotherhood ce cals, Tragian eh, mutual tolerance aoe ie seen pee 8 Ll, basi 35 <= AI US, side by side = | 9 7 ~* 98 e308, quiet * o a cn I, safety oi, national * | | | | | | | j | | sAm3, unity | | | | | | | a, Prats 4x, after, in 36 -3!, most complete , a littie clip, sincerity ol}, time NOTEs: 30 3! — = : idiomatic “lands a man in . . .”. 33 4xAily S11: Sunna and Shia the two great sects of Islam. 34 ¢dell pau: “to some extent”: cognate accusative. 36 «lina!! — Je “as perfectly sincere as could be”.ods 44 JL ode At IG JH) Cpe! LEU Oly cAlL GL Go te of he Gy osy5ll (ae Geen } 13) ded SG 5. da bales) bless Sta Ob Li etear sic cy Vln eee DEV y ped de res dell Gall OK! gs ade bas 5 2 etl Ge gla elyojly Les caw gs ygits y2n3 GLI aye Crest! ae I oe dell Ge Ob” Jah Sie I SRE cde ches se Gyngs opt! VOCABULARY dl (pl. 16), disciple | J eel pe En to undertake o ute, one of “to 2 * >, generation *_3, certainly >, worthy of , attention (es, G, history is,ae, modern 3 Me (pl. ole), link ee essential | ee) (+82), to lose | | 13), if os, historian #053 (G93, inf. 253), to study 4 ag (inf. +5), to record SG (3), to fill Liss, alertness oe Rete *Ola!, faith Bi JS, idealThe disciples of Muhammad “Abduh 69 VOCABULARY SE 25, zeal for | 3S, limit as, modernism eS fanaticism aE, reform ae , freedom 6 Be ess abhorrence of lj, thought , old | yak, hatefulness ee dislike | 8 ae backwardness | S553, necessity , contempt |, independent thinking 3 eal (pl.), partisans tit (pl. ts), religious pam (inf. ches), to smash ~ <9 teacher dé (pl. IXE!), fetter a Daa get te 7 * > &! (G22), to believe in vy 36! (444), to grip NOTEs: 1 ais n+: Muhammad ‘Abduh, Egyptian theologian and religious reformer (1849-1905) 3 Sill — Ge “one of its essential epochs”. 4 Op 459! students of #3! , the theological university in Cairo and the most important seat of Islamic learning generally. 4123! — L “the energy that used to fill them”. 6 EstI! 5 “among the teachers”.nos che Af LON wn? Bl Ostet Is) eplesls pretels Ep Gleb al eke « Ghilly WU pt G one 2 EI 10 tes erases 8) OAL Ge PAT Led api oie! Aes Les nes Jy Is ik] Segoe 29 ped! aes of pat! dl aly Le! Ul 5. Obs rahe ss eel AE L O9S5 oyss wyo oy Agloles AP teats clo UE gs O65 Fe ilais Spell G aigule 15 OSL cribs YS O58 eal MN] Gree ply ot pall AS oe Ste ell A Ce OF Ly Bt! pps aS VOCABULARY ae (pL. ats), neck eo others 4 (pl. 21), hand 11 Ub (pl. SAE), student ee (pl. Aly, foot | wale (pis), to know J} ast (a5 ), to frequent | Sh, but oe (pl. Saas lesson 12 dey (al. 55), apostle 10 pee, exegesis of the Koran | rane renaissance +42, rhetoric 13 sai most pleesaue Bs, logic | tot (pl. 24h), thing aif, strongest | oer most agreeable 3 3, is not -S, likeThe disciples of Muhammad ‘Abduh 71 VOCABULARY 14 G65 (G3), to chat line (pl. axe), newspaper eee poses fo Pepe 5 (942), to relate 5 (18), to read J, to say GE (part. Gel), to be Js to do angry 15 ab (ats), to mimic cag ( 3), foueerite | | ie fee : 17 ~~ (pl. pa), opponent 355 (pl. ol,3), intonation oF 2 a (pl. bys!) ys el (ex), to publish (5, as me oer 3 el, the Court 16 Gly (Gx), to see Gl B= GAD, 1 tany | towards Asie, at that time J se trickery against NOTES: To gcshe “believing”: circumstantial accusative. Ola! a2! “most vehemently”: cognate accusative. 11 lyLJ (subjunctive) “in order to know”. 13 £9 “while they” 14 Oy Si “relating”: circumstantial clause. 16-17 3S ye... OS Le “the trickery . . . which...” ircumstantial clause.ve he Af IT el Bt leaks Lad! OT 5. O65 lade Cbs acu GON Se bye SSL Lal ell Ogee Bs ppeent of OS! clay ott Cols I Ipadiyly SLL Ly 355 20 ell Ke Ai Stl § Osis apne le lll Opes CSbe ss)! 345 Ogthng «lit Sgt)! Ogres «fel FEN 9 Ae) ole Lee Gel FES Op reeeg GSI! Opies det! (go—€¢ O7) Ge Es One ab From: In the Summer, a description of the author’s thoughts and impressions during a journey to Europe in 1927. Cairo, 1933. VOCABULARY a £- a Ale a 18 4 —J6, incitement against | as (pl. el), position Dace | be ‘ o (2), to hear wy, teaching = rt | ‘ 19 i (23 ), to unfold | «33, office of a judge J! (pl. JCI), hope 3], then 825 (pl. 2155), far-reaching | 21 u4y> (49-2), to teach (lit. broad) als, science See; LES as it should be 131, when | | | ee oe ee, to finish iui! (442), to put into practice 20% 335, to obtain UKs (pl. oS), tribunal 33-4, diploma | >, canonical a Freee 28)I, to rise shy (pl. elt), ideaThe disciples of Muhammad ‘Abduh 73 VOCABULARY 22 Ge (G3), to eliminate 23 a3 (42), to restrict oan eh . 354), bribery GH, divorce fe bs ua be tees : Al (3), to abolish el (Wes), to revive ob 55)I 5455, polygamy 3x5, philosophy NOTES: 19 lal : exceptionally the adjective is in the plural, although it does not refer to human beings. \yecil 13] “when they would have finished”; similarly the next two verbs. 23-24 Le gl: Avicenna (980-1037), 2%) gel: Averroes (1126-98), two outstanding philosophers. (Jl! (1339-1413), a famous encyclopedist and logician. The point is that in recent centuries the teachings of these scholars were abandoned in favour of later and less original systems. PROVERBS Visit rarely, and you will be more loved. Speak to people according to the Fi vente ; or capacity of their minds. a ee A ee They brought the chatterer into mieileree Gillett Sf cleat! at 3 hellfire. He said “the wood is an fee ae damp”. G64 bed! A stranger is the relative of every 3 (eons mee) poe & other stranger. ie oeve ylej ten phd} we pels! § A cacel cathe ish «lsh an or SB SE be gy ae BLU Gale Gs HUN LUI AAS Gy canned OF desy cll Gall aus 3. abs Stal dS} SU ep of us er ee Sg Chal ab one OF ady cad BWI Lae Ul yp stall SB OpRe HW! OF ce eWY Ge Loy ge oasil 13) ak” ste! Syns Hl es LS sill Gs VOCABULARY 2 *OS (ust sing. Es), to be 4 hE (pl. BES speech nee leader | sh kind 3,43, nature Eh (€32), to impress J Ge, to be combined in = *G4= (42-4), to listen to *5, all |. i Ga 3213), to read ras (pl. pele), element | 5 45 (AR), to leave 3 5y, necessary ens, where ieee G, among them | Fa Ais, that means that Hd, oratory = ers source Wd. popular at impression te 6», for that reason | 3) Ls, the actual wordsSa‘d Zaghlul 75 VOCABULARY 6 +l (Be, part pass. a, fem. sla, inf. -}), to 15 |, when - 0k S 4.5], to prevent from deliver a speech >, illness el “a the people Eno = bs! (383), to miss Us, every hing that +36 (part. act. J 6 part. pass. iss) to say audi, himself 8 ee (ea to kindle en, someone else ras soul os _ oF GI, sometimes (S31, to set fire to 7 os, speech je, breast NOTES: 1 Sa‘d Zaghlul Pasha (1860-1927), founder and leader of the Egyptian Wafdist party. 2 4) ase! “in whom were combined” 3 4)! “which are required”. : 4 40-5 — Gull: the construction—that-clause within a relative clause—cannot be imitated in English. Translate “which impress you when you hear them”. el 5: here the verbal noun is employed in the same way as the that-clause just preceding it. Translate “but when you read them, you are left . . .”. § J! : the literal meaning of «= ~ is “point to which a thing returns”. It requires the same Preposition as the verb ax) “to return”. #GLU! 3) Lal! “the actual words which were spoken”. 6 JW “of him who spoke”. xd) : emphasises that a perfect is to be taken as past tense. OS with the imperfect denotes 2 repeated happening. 7 “himself”, #.e,, Zaghlul. The pronoun calls attention to the change of subject. +WYI ys “from delivering it”. 8 silly SWI “the speaker and the speech”. tll = LS “anything that would warm thesheart”.va ple} tue alee Al (pee telly lth ays Gat ae O63 elas! Ce ge A Ghes ade bd L ls doU | A214! 10 gett A ee asp 51d Gust Ce ple ls QS bs Be Sele pd old alls tbl Jo adyidy arsyle Gym VEL Sy dl lish Gs GL ale OX ba ols de Ayatls nalth EWI pLel O83 Updlas Ya eke LSS Oltl fol of Laks Me ade 15 VOCABULARY rm G3 9 *d =e love for *2s45, conversation S a, passion for alg, discussion ak, debate <2 le (pl), gifts 10 els, oratorical aa a Zs 5, on the one hand Le a wes 5 \ to be created with ert J Las, dispute L (4, as far as oe (pe), to know 12 a ie Oomet ce! (C2), to like asl, for its own sake ay, because he Se ie ieee pleasure in a re feeling i force AE, to oppose + aos, power for inka, argument ia), dexterity dete a debater s> evenSa‘d Zaghlul 77 VOCABULARY B3 os (pl. vile), conference | x le, knowledge SI, private 15 ~~, acquired a xo 35 (pl. olis!), time & iB : 3 (PI i!) on 2, derived from ~~, evening conversation a leecieat Ol}, experience 41), relaxation ; 4S piel, having the best know- Ub, everyone of us | | | | ledge of e aay (dea), to rub Pa oner de 5451, best able to ge (gts), to exert one’s 36 (inf. 215), to lead 4 aes (pl. 8\iZ), crowd shoulders with | influence upon ' heres NOTEs: 9g epanys ... 4» 8 : extraposition. to Gls... L J! “his natural and inborn love of dispute”. 12 43 “which opposed him”. 14 tl aie! OS “he knew . . . better than anybody else”. 15 lie 4le : the demonstrative pronoun follows because the noun is defined by the possessive suffix. Po testes something like: “That would not have been enough. After all, everyone of us . ‘rp , fe, the crowds.vA Sylej sae «Spb laa ale OF Kly cob) de (2h Ge le Sis asl ad] Goad Abe sees yy pedl oy oly Ls daly! OSs BS esis S Gagll St Gs cad gic Y la WS apts GS MSN ss Nec) eee cs ec bgen tc pay Yet, G A) cles as Glee 75 de oe Lb! 20 dod) Apc bly clade betas! ppt! sib, Ue, VOCABULARY ales a: ° 16 +... 3, there are few who cx, because of ass (42), to grip 342, intensity Gj (sing.), reins | 5, aptness 5 (ing. e283), to fall : nas | $32 £, instinct lever nig oly oss) Ses 19 3)lél, remark ee ee ae seL2!, gesture CLE (Cbue:), to address | ae wg, Ieee es | *i.5, word at! GS (des, pass.), to | a : j 25+, pl imagine pes Page | soeeoes 4 a we Gea) Pa witiess lS (¢=2), to miss the aim jets, a play | , and then = play | i es: rehearsed ES, witticism < ol . 46, hitch 20 Ols!, proper timeSa‘d Zaghlul 79 VOCABULARY * Gp, when A Co to soothe to lighten E(&). to reach es Gi (GE), Ss, tension , pressure i (pl.), nerves (part. és), to weigh i ae oat, fiery oe winged NOTES- 17 Ls aalyiI “anyone of us”, i.c., “we”. able 44 “heard him addressing them”. 4) Ste “he would imagine”. 18 45 sic Y “in which there was no hitch”: generic negation. 18-19 45 55 ¥— G42 5. “with such perfect aptness was every . . . used in its proper place where it had the maximum effect”. 20 clad : subject Glas! . (22 L “something to soothe them”. 21 (le Lela)! “which weighed them down”.eet oes cot blo ly Ol pb G5)! eT OS es SEN fe AY 545 Vo Gea Je KH OW! ch G Gul . eel coll els Sel OF Ge Che « bay car L LS ag A ptt tages eens GU yopedt coy abe Ge Cdl ce el ld Be SN ltl SG lis sible oyes Thales Yake ealy rule; abs abs De poet! Crrraie. 7) GU Gore : gibt! Wl as pte! From: The Peep-show, a collection of essays and sketches, Cairo, 1929. VOCABULARY 22 ele (23), to come hs, logic J seal (scat to be ready asi, anyone for 7S, reasoning oly (pl. u-98}), head 24 (sale, quiet 5 (inf. O1;-b), to lose reason | ceo orderly *LLE (pl. biz), emotion | 25 U 1,25, often a (inf. ar)» to run wild obs (bss), to speak ins ee cia ce (cs), to rock, sway | etl, to baffle 23 Gl (fem.), the world GE (Gx), to know ae oe A ee c=! Gly G, before the eyes | 26 GE ( Ge), to create ae | ee, place | *y (fem.), spiritSa‘d Zaghlul 81 VOCABULARY of 3 2 of 325] (42,2), to call into being el, or? js, atmosphere | 28 ze (<8), to shape 27 36 (38), to direct | - Oe | lb, stamp G>! (S22), to let run | rs y+ (pl.), channels | ee! Co Dope \ Gee), to select | poo, imprint NOTES: 23 J Jes Y “there was no room for”’: generic negation. 24 qisn!! Goll! : Arabic does not employ » “‘and” between co-ordinated adjectives. 25 Gel OF ile! “I was at a loss to discover . . .” GUI yl “was he the one who . . .” PROVERBS A promise is a cloud, fulfilment is rain. es falily Gl Seg The excuse is worse than the misdeed. * caall) we Sasi jaa eo 8 eer ae ee ee ee Ask old and young for advice, 2 HE els dete DS and go back to your own good rae ri ri sense. Erudition is an ornament for the . al a | i = zee rich man, and hides the poverty a & of the poor man,ar Jy pS) ee dad! del) Qa, Ysls oi aS ert GoBRY pols gs ples duu Ley S39 ns oe UW SS JEST a5 Cae 130 LL ESV 5 Soll BE) Gy 52d! Gyan Endl SO Gee de cigs Gl dl Qa Tay 5 oka pll hel 65S OI SI ert d— SS a si— gl Obs Gas S Wks Ril fo OF Iogn ys SH GUS G5 Ob TL) eee IE OS Yeas ogy YE OF : -ASLedls VOCABULARY +131, if “389 * je, future sal, language eS to be dormant 2 pls (pl. pie), manifesta- S BS, to stop | +723, Arabic | Fair fore tion | o=—+, progress *)55!, initiative 4 33s, standstill ee *epe, collective body re, retrogression a ce | o *iu! (pl. -+!), nation | 4, death | £13, personality pba, decay 3 ple, collective | & ey T3\, therefore £The future of the Arabic language 83 VOCABULARY ebea ade ee : db Ses (355), to depend | 7 *25>5+, in existence | *ealié, great os: thought * Sey like upon Er creative * AL, past 6 3b, existing 8 job, present *£, non-, un- 44.24, sister an the Syriac language eee Gas), to speak 5y, if Sal, the Hebrew language NOTES: 2 Ll: particle of emphasis. Ak. op pple. “one of the manifestations”. 6 35d “which exists”. 8 5) “which does not exist”.as dg wl al Qe, PRY Sym legesd SN Syl le Ly 10 Aes ese ll Se LMI I Ole p= UY Gy BL es pA HL pny dy cell We I Gots VI Webb sel ge Mle GY Ss by Gas 1 Ge AV Gh G tye a BL Gil Al Sold Sy Esl 15 De FYE Gal OY Cols sl! oF Le B BIST Spt GY oe etl pul suas pe O59 «all VOCABULARY 10 GES G4), to call | J! “ (a-2)s to strive for rr pe, will | 13 *GE (GES, inf. G8), to (part. als), to urge realise ae G3, .£, unknown 14 UI, to add Poy dh, forward by night oa | GLA, by day 5, heart | | Cee on nageee | Oglag tcleny gts poll GBs oaetly pd! DE Jet Yogas Subd Fayed Lal GEV 3,3 Utell a5), eles At et by Gus I LOW, Gobi Ul! elt! 20 oes D] Oy Klay SSA 565 yey Ayal) Rew Gs OF paw Le ee ISI Sang of) Hole IS AV eed OS OG «teak SI eV pyae lees dey chee a IN AS GY SF City ae 2G Vig — tS ee Ry pl Rul J OS Sa ghll 25 (ivy) Sladls BLE: Ole dt Ole From: Novelties and Rarities, a collection of extracts from Jibran’s works, made by his friends, Cairo, 1923- VOCABULARY es hibits Cambie | -*2U (inf. 932), to sleep 2), to develop by — J! dss, to turn into degrees ese 20 bt, rhymer saelas (4iclen), to rise ever | higher | Gal (pl. i£3G), philoso- Sida 1 ees pher Oss (Gpt2), to become | variegated os, speculative theologian = until | 19 33l), to entice ab (pl. «Chi, physician es quack ui, slumber 21 Si, astronomerThe future of the Arabic language 87 VOCABULARY aes astrologer 24 Syn, spiritual 22 Ge, to be true , to precede } ¢ a; dependent upon 23 wt, of one’s own oe gl, or aoe b4a3, unity NOTES: 19 iss “as it fell asleep”. Arabic docs not distinguish between verbs expressing an action and those indicating the beginning of it, such as “to sit” and “to sit down”. 25 WS Yly “and if this is not the case, then it will not” PROVERBS Tf one loves you, he makes you . dst Aeat f ny dG Jae weep, and if one hates you, he makes you laugh. Proverbs are the lamps of speech. The best things are the new «ea Ol, ST & Yi fs ee 3 Jase oad ones, but the best friends a : = are the old ones. ob 3- beat Despondency in misfortune is | © te tell 1 another misfortune. bis 3 amAa G Se tly coal dal § Sesdly call aul § Sutdly cad! OL g Olt ols Sas, Sys ede alas O65 cone dll gs S yleil oy foe Jatt aby glal LE 4b GL bjylelee JI Slats bw BZ oe Ad] Shes Ly dail Atul Of ppd. OS cawl 5 Le Oly celyVy Gilly yyell Bf cany 3 ppclelus Gyll VOCABULARY * 2s, old *#2a06, new aay language 2 313, to goon eG, dispute Blsiss (jens ele y rot , some importance J, about ates, problem 3 * Jaa, discussion ‘30, sharp ta * 2, among, between _e *)Leil (pl.), partisans As each * 544, opinion, school of thought {Nee point at issue 4 *2i (pl. LUT), word *s)ls, expression ), must (see note) ey (eo ), to consider dle, fit +45, writing as *Ll, as toOld and new in language 89 VOCABULARY 5 dl Jes, to achieve *5, all, any (=>, at the time of «545 (pl. a), Gage os BIOry ze. oe 6 4%, Arabs * a (pl. ok ), figure of abt, power epeee ce to be sufficient for sh (pl. eljl), idea NOTEs: 20665, “possessor of”. 3 GeAdutl: dual. Cf. also line 17-18. y!4 “the point on which it turned”, from ,!> 4 Wyle! So 5/l “which should be considered”. 5 Al: Predicate Say 5 lobes L “possessing importance”, from 53, feminine “their ignorance of it”. l! is the preposition indicating the accusative. It is employed whenever it is inconvenient to express the accusative of a pronoun by a suffix. 8 ... \yi8 3 “if they had taken the trouble”. until, before 15 <, as to | (42), to flare up ae ae |, which of Ss Go anew aod sia eects sel (pl. ea); approach oa), is not ahi, more fitting 17 8, confined “ole, present-day |, the Arabic language 36 (253), to do something oO}, although nearly ab, character gece malt ‘ inv (14-2), to subside wl, specialOld and new in language 93 VOCABULARY | 19 *2531 (inf. lil), to direct eo origin 2 “ <8 one’s self (root 4>3) 18 os eI, difference from ake, attention _s - +e, among (chez) aL, method 0s, speech | 20 on expression Bi, ore | es C=), to convey NOTES: 15 5> lps 250 Y “hardly ever subsides before it . . 7 ors by! OF Oly: “although they (i.e., the dispute and discussion) have among them .. .”. 4s2, “the source of which is . . 19 &bsll sls! “the fact that attention is directed”. 19-20 gyal 5+... Gl cy LU “to the images that expression should convey”. PROVERBS oka . on s-- a - bs Everything is habit, even piety. Stl Se dole et S Ugliness is the guardian of a woman. Arye 3 oul If one makes oneself mash, the ar “sti aera chickens will eat him. ee Se of | If one is afraid of the wolf, one wilh Sel Hangs: must get a dog in time. Men are the moulders of their fortunes. + Jueyt alas aesae coll Dlg Gtectt daly! é Xly Sd! ott of — ow Blog Ae Aly JI aul Ce « oedly bn GIT E Yeol de LSI eekly! ode Sts G oles Of Ce GH! plilly HW! 43 de Seley oS! ob — ds pedblss oe le lane Of looped SU dl bbe ee Bay ee LI LG Joe of ole cil C565 Of « Ayal, Ay Gs audiy a pl Spill CWsl, & UI! coset! dee VY cee Syl pple Gd acl#T ps bY canes VOCABULARY *(L25) lb), drama 0S, problem aig) (pl. ot), language “sh, greatest, too great i, difficulty Ste, to meet with oi (inf. SA to compose +26, colloquial ple, place (Ge), must gel (28), to be given * | | | tos the like of 4 és 3 in my opinion s (385), to think 3 SI, most people BN (Gile), to agree with + ase (pl. rletl), character 5 ble (Cbs), to talk to 3523, to be accustomed $2 aa0 & Fe (GA), to express ube (pl. bl3e), emotion 6X (pl. sil), thought |The language question in the drama 95 VOCABULARY Ab (ph GES), author sal, dealing with the Arabic +g (dba), to attempt language se (dea), to make, to let pb (ell), to do wrong to Audi, himself od Fellah, peasant Fes illiterate é6)6, reader aes (85), Cua 8 ot listener i palit ae a nN) and what is more Sx, poetical a Gee), to let appear une writings ops, appearance NOTEs: 1 From the preface to the author's play Os+!ly «lS! “Fathers and Sons” 2 die ST = 5S) Lint! 3 elas Of me sill “which it should begiven”. Ja: takes two accusatives, of the person and of the thing given, and therefore keeps one accusative in the passive voice. bly] ale Je “plays such as these”. 4 Asie GAS! obl “I think most people will agree with me”. 5 Upbbe ol oe “should talk to us”. bee... gl “in which . . .” 6 wi... Jam “let... speak”. 8 Lyell splie i “‘in a comical light”.a5 lu) Dlieg ALAS dyly tt Gly ee OLY p pad G Wl gi ae Le Ges dol aged st! wu 10 Ot ges — All de Gh play ye 31 i Ste cat a ge Le Gad! Ws oF AS Gall oe Yass Of lok J SI ailoleely Hedy stl G ShLS eel Ws ge Vly Heel ee OF SO Seed Eh AK piss ecsl gill (pe Gal Gan HS G LAE Kys 15 VOCABULARY *3Le, life 9 d5A, jest =>, where as (Anat), to intend GBI (G38), to commit oon crime 32, against Gy art JUS, beauty, charm jee (inf. 23-25), to depict oui, human being anes as sly (on), to see to 4p, scene rr 4)Gs, there is of |, a matter a8 another y es, worthy of cy plsel, consideration © GLe, connected with eran 12 5~ (=), to conceal -°2 S25, underneath ws, garment oF, coarse a , much; ’ ; The language question in the drama 97 VOCABULARY , philosophy ~ (pl. jel), pee Se people +, from '(@L), experience 15 ei, foreign * Je (pl. Jey, proverb te la), perhaps slke! (pl. ©! -), belief =i Sl (ae: to present GE, to contradict J, with regard to a , some of 14 tod (fem. L-si or ss), literary (language) wl, those who ae cane 5 oS, like one who 6, to take under one’s arm SS is, to translate ont (pl. : 3), dictionary NOTES: 9 d Uke “the beauty of which consists in”. 11 Ol ges “namely, that. . . 13 Ss J So}: this construction (conditional clause within a relative clause) cannot be reproduced in English. Translate “which are of such a kind that if you tried . . .”. 15 Lil “there might contradict us”. wyJ is the Greek word okeanos “ocean”. It has been applied to dictionaries generally since al-Firuzabadi (1329-1414) called his great dictionary b>! -5-l! “the all- encompassing ocean’”.qa ol! Dlg Ae! SlyJ1 Oly « LD Gye Ete Bo oF QUE YE gedly Gall BE Of gba s Y ald! Gul Go S9Ab of Las sf FEW Y a She Nyy OF eed eVGA eed EL Yee Goais lak ails ges Y cdo CILMI oy ge EL Gly! 20 ode bad) JT 2 Sad) Ke] al! dew! ge es ol od SL call Gly Ghly SB 56 of Cay) cet ANSy «Ag QL! jyell gf Re! dae pS Ge Le VOCABULARY 6S piss, to arm oneself with | ala, elegance GES (pl. C25), book aL, beauty ye, accidence | 18 * eel i) to be able e- s S ype, syntax Y we! (Sb), to provide es ae *J, all «Vs, these UE (part. Jit), to say 19 J = (~23),-to advise i game | o> (oe ), to study 17 apes belly ob, seriousness V5, wild ass os , Care y, there is not 20 * oo e ‘ cert among EX, eloquence nod (pl. eae) genre, at or method} The language question in the drama 99 VOCABULARY 2 si, literary 3h, since oe S ee (22), to do | ee there is not without ie anyone who Gi, only 23 5H, the Arabic language | *5ie, dilemma ae (pl. year)? century el to follow ott Islamic 22 ode , principle ist (fem. By first Say (<8), to write ANS, that | | NOTEs: 16 oSU “saying”: circumstantial accusative. 1 i) — S- proverb, meaning that the wild ass is such noble game as to make it un- necessary to hunt other animals, 18. eat — gb Y “to which you cannot bring a parallel in the literary language”. 20 G2 J “alone among” ax Las! 5) LI “that if we were to follow”. 2 “i +)! “we should have to irs 23 Hele! “the Time of Ignorance”, f.e., the Arabs of the Peninsula before the advent of Mohammed.Yee ola! Ploy Last ly ole SOF oF Oe oy opel Led SLB! Se TOA pli dy! LUI 25 ie ale Of ST gpd GRAM NAS Ge ge ote Lee Opbell Jaal Of ye pS ae all clogs L Jey aly tol LU ey ee BI Op Gly eel g. Aue Sad Je Y GL Ne of ey Gel 3S otal Sul Sky ST elzel UJ GE IF Y WLAG 30 (race v7) Sal: aed GSE From: The Sieve, a collection of critical essays, Cairo, 1923. VOCABULARY 24 (4), to mean eS, difficulty vl Fs |, disappearance +h Gis ), to solve eed se far from 27 Ji, mind Fal (AS), to desire daly, a single 25 is, disaster Je the best thing os, national J} dass to arrive at ai where ee after om way out 75h, reflection 26 Gs, in vain 28 =, educated & ou, to search for Sicls grammatical Ja solution | 29 eau but IThe language question in the drama IO VOCABULARY Sz (G55), to confess J! ibe, in need of FEL, openl; -° a eo Dae elzsl, attention 30 til, basic Ee MY, is still 31 dey (pl. diy), man NOTES: 24 (ox 215 “that would mean”. Hi of gs “from desiring”. 26-27 4a!) — 51 “too great for one single mind to solve”. PROVERBS . ¢ If one magnifies small : WLS aul out lati, ee & troubles, God will try me ae . him with big ones. If one praises a man for , oe d ae ag eos he cs be something he does not Bote ert Possess, one makes him look utterly ridiculous. Victories are according to the ability . ALT a5 se oul of the kings who gain them. a - : 278r weed The mother of the coward has no cause . O75 VY Skoddl ! for grief. 3 A é aa Se ia RT ates Raima An imbecile can ll Ghee GILT 5 aly, Gel Gye manage his own affairs better than a wise man the affairs of other people.Let aay Jey! ally Jo! ob Go elge Ady Ged Of CUI GT see FT 5 lophely «Uy i tpl ors! sues « Jawly gens Cee dee Gd Jes le of Aa Qhes Soe Sly ¢ Gly BU Gaye Of ee Vy Heal 5 oF ly SSL Le pel! Hae LE Vy « Li! Ose! ge Ja) Su & sas Sf af ees CSL Ge Opt poe F ope Oly Gh bVy oy OF «ats & Slyke aes Of ee Y LK, VOCABULARY 3 ace * Je), man dsl, first zo ze *3|, woman lbs!, to be wrong cere axle. 2 dis! (403), to believe 2S many au other | | , 4 * ele! (qb), to be able ut (pl), people * Sj (Gls), to compete ely, equal with +53, intelligence ree quickness zB * Je, intellect | eas, I think ers, understanding 5 AR! as presence of neg : lel, to be right mindMan and woman 103 VOCABULARY J te ao Bute patience Olé (pl. 095+), idea, thing ° * Beare. Gy, adaptability 8 556 (pl. slsb!), circumstance we! (3), to discover |, restraint +638, desire am | as 6 tye (fem.), soul Ngee unknown facts oo Saf (ing. 381), to persist in *oligle, knowledge, known is, virtue facts ae steadfastness 9 Ss, but (3), to dislike o al (3), to benefit by ae REL > as ! (Cee), to like *OY, because ait 3, 0p 7 *45>1 (44), to understand between NOTEs: 3 ely “are equal”. This word is not changed for gender or number, 6 Je sp» “to persevere against”, 3» “to dispense with” 7-8 165! — 4,35 OF “to grasp ideas and situations as well as man can grasp them”.ieee ably Joy Fag WS YS Oly cole ee Syey cand nt Li Gece 10 wl aie alce L Je! de ws Y tel els Al acy catps alte chy Goll te Ge saa oy Shee VL ip, G ae cily Fi « ‘lpia BL ded! Ga Vs EF bed Ge ay «Tings ; Abie 15 Sp Vig cally aa Gd leecady A yet ati Ges! S55 ce de Head and G das a5 ip, oY! 26 ela Ee pall ee WE bells Usd « Ss Nee ee ot & 20 C1 @) SLE blest! ab) ube. From: Opinions, a collection of essays and feuilletons. Since it appeared, Cairo, 1902-10, the book has gone through many editions. VOCABULARY 10 oe, side i large Be different from 12 eal taal ye to go ie heart obs, after Soe (a ), to guide aright Baits Be a ae ae te a! 2 mr de GS (Ssu), to have 13 del (Jaz), to lead astray strength for #9, to stand a, small *C zy ( , a3 “ af, Just), ae, occasion (of standing) to bear Vi, but thatMan and woman 105 VOCABULARY EX, to fall bes namely 44, hand ah strength 25 ga, into Inalaande 18 255, foresight 3s, impotence mu, tyrannical 14 es, weakness ot, tough SE (4), to know ob, hacd ede, way A to refuse 16 =) brother 19 Ea Gel), to imprison al partner ok (estes), to overcome = womb , he got the better Des, cradle eal, fatherhood ae “ (5), to rule over Meee Ncistherhood o>, body 333, to feel a a he succeeded in ae superiority | 20 ab), to wish NOTEs: 10 lean Gu “tin her breast”. 11 © S32 Y “which has not the strength to. . .” 13 42 G2 — ily L “whenever they meet she falls into his hands’. \inss Ize “through impotence and weakness": accusative of reason. 18 i)! 425 “with a tough soul”: OF Y! Gl “he is determined to” 19 \pmiiy a “body and soul”: accusative of specification. renitive of specification.25,2! aft 45,2)! ofl SI oy Gre! Sia Ol vaste Aas Cp Ae 452 atl Of ye 2 ls G5 Ul oy cop Ol ls Tis Yes aol oS A Geek aE ea cel pas) ily LLY phy att be Coy Agel pace ae Ges eA ale os SJ! Gall Ul sch 5 45, AM Yas of og coll Ded! Uo olay Sat SL poe § GS Jes Yel GY oT VOCABULARY Ee. *3\4, woman = as 3, Eastern , to believe Ea oe os in general Ste, there is GALI, difference a between "GA, Western Gly (S53), to see as distinction *4/9, a single | | ae eal more conscious of Sauk, nature aa 451, femininity on than *Lole (fem. i), counterpart © fu. ace o lis 35, having a greater share in ae 5 +=., principle % ue, womanliness al ats on the wholeOriental womanhood 107 * VOCABULARY d sh more tender to eal (225), to preserve > “oF, “= aol (pl. lal), child 8 o-Ul, fundamentals J GT, more affectionate deat (pl. bel), detail towards Jb (45), to go on *c5), husband oy, oot j 6d! Sm, more content with i24, mode of life - se, homely 7 wes, quality ie, ES 29 (53), to like NOTEs: 2 WESI, the subject of the clause, is in the accusative because of its dependence on o! “that S184! “the Eastern women": an adjective can be employed as a noun in Arabic without further change. Literally the phrase would mean “the female Eastern ones”. 3 J} 03 “which goes back to”. 2, “‘the place to which a thing is taken back”, nomen loci of 2) “to take back”. S35 Ls (= LG) “as far as we can see”. of “namely, aber ci! 4 col the elative, when used as a comparative degree, does not change its form for gender and number. ceri “since she is” Ux 44] Lit. “more plentifully provided with regard to a share": accusative of specification. 7 A sla “this is”: the personal pronoun is interposed between sia and aladdl to Prevent them being taken together as “this quality”. 45,21! — 3555) “which we should like the Eastern woman to preserve”. 8 SINUS. |. kis “so that she will continue to be . . . the queen of the home": dé is constructed like the verbs for “to be”, “to become”.1A Sl elke ge Sol 520) ah Yale! asta PLS Osh § trig AB EG Ce ed OF HS Geteeny t0 Hs WEL tis iy OT A pay ade Ley l AL att Stl SY aT OU! QI 3 Yee Ge a steals Olas Gd pels ep 33 Sal AD Ge Saal al ue of joe GLU el ayy SA es de ed (SI oli! gf GES a GWT Golf OF ad. cagl lel es WEI lol VOCABULARY 9 os G, ruling pads, ruled JZ! ee (G5), to seek rest with * 355 (pl. Jy), man nek (pl.), troubles sls, life 10 Pec (ese ), to pre- suppose =e (a); to live AY d, under the protection of ib dacs! (ae85), to rely upon OtE (pl. 452), affair LE, world Ir ee) G, external 3 (ex ), to leave ene (inf. ea to earn jy, livelihood e3 (inf. 74), to manage 320, requirement ay 36 (is), to look upon 12 Yea ra on her part oh father aie opponentOriental womanhood 109 VOCABULARY a 2)! 245, housekeeping | | | ian | 45, education -2 al, competitor , he who EGE Je against | = aa t= 2) to stetegleaeaiist |e wisi (pl), manners xls (pl. tle), drawing- room Olds, battlefield 14 — (o—), to be good 3), to take over a>, freedom 15 wei (pl.), qualities ais, characteristic- ces ( ), to be necessary a ott (es). to assist in | | | | ey | as!, choice o Sens: Js, house wy (uyly), to practise NOTEs: 9 Ae:Sst L.Sbu!! “who rules and is being ruled at the same time”. oe des! Gt! GS “with whom the man seeks rest from”. Allusion to Koran, vii, 189. to (A stresses the change of subject: “‘she on her part”. 11 GS 4! 545 “leaves it to him to earn”. 12 Vl oki “like the son”: cognate accusative. paljall itatl: the conjunction is omitted between these, since they are substantivised adjectives. 13 daly Ol Gi “on equal terms”. 14 sei — L. LI “As for the things which it would be good for the Eastern woman to take 16 ols SI Le “she should practise”.wis asc)! fl cr Sparel ples Oly cel eels ee GH Lob! US G32 Shy ITV Git by Heel evs LEST dyel JS Sb Hb Ys «desl Qe Vy Ded Opt ge AT of asig LEM Slole Cals deb le Ky «MI ile 20 SB) Seed oe Le a5 WY JE let UI ek any le oe hil ot Slee! I Spall etl de a epratils JE ely Gol G cleals + sled] spec ule (yvr—r34 u*) From an article written in 1925, in reply to an inquiry put out by the periodical al-Hilal: “Which of her present features should the oriental woman preserve, and which should she adopt from her Western sisters?” Reprinted in: Considerations on literature and the arts, Cairo, n.d. VOCABULARY ~ by atl (pl), open-air | tel os, hygiene games ei LL, good manners Es (632), to be strong GSS (G3), be skilful in Aus, body Sy (pl. 053), art a (wai), be healthy 19 Ge or cle constitution ost, more os (eed), to learn des, beautiful & i555) necessary ies x especially 18 Atal (pl. Seis principle gars music nee a : 2la51, economics ul, there is no harm inOriental womanhood Ir VOCABULARY s : | 3), dancing 20 dix. (pl. dit&2), gathering 35 (pl. Al), family js, but & according to iL, manner (a ), to suit SY, because dl Ge (955), to trace back to =. » much = (pl. pe), fault eo , they (fem.) are seen zoo cm society a8 Cros, Egyptian 22 33k, custom |, absence SEO, the Orientals eS sex Gl as ), to draw atten- ahi, gentle tion to - Ss from 21 ve a , in particular 23 at (pl. & Si), club NOTES— 17 32) (subjunctive) “so that she might grow strong”. bl 2. las “in body . . . Sys)! “the essentials”. 1g dal! Gyill Le., the French beaux arts. 20 eal ‘which suits”. in constitution”: accusative of specification. 22 ppvails JL! ties: a genitive cannot be preceded by two nouns in the construct state. Where a genitive depends on two nouns, the second of these is placed after it with a suffix pronoun replacing the genitive noun.tir esh aA cols sil deat bys 68 Gill Ghai Gan Of tk cau al Seba plat as Ge iy § cipal GL GG ued seers lil de olf ols UW Gals Stull Bel pas dy de dato eel Gey pee ob ge cal Sully 5 etl cil G Oss Whee Jee Y QoS det Y cou aft ob Js! | VOCABULARY ER woman S ae Egyptian — society ; +255, time 2 ere (en ), to astonish Bi to flourish i, really cus, system a one (some) of sae ZA; >, co-education vl, youth ol to produce ies, educated | A 3G (pl. ols), girl ¥ G3U, to call for de jE (part. 316), to obtain G53, one day wid, B.A. ties separation at, M.A. in sex oly 9353, doctorate g iu, university 5, prideWoman and society 113 VOCABULARY i de, proof for He advance * fis, intellectual eG, present = 7 ds3, statement NOTEs- 2 Ge seid ail “it really does amaze me’. 345... iy § “at atime when”. 4 SSL “who obtained”. 5 of “who are”. o> el — ell al 7 Sat @11 “woman's place is in the home”’. as Ob, that sel} (ole, inf. HE1H), to compete with * 555 (pl. JG), man by3 ys (d=), to exclude Gh, at allEre eines abl! Stuly Co dy} Oy Le legs ol all aM Gas Yee ad eos Co OUT gy debs oY a ol au A es Set perks Lok cus Gey | Gill Yliey ro Arcs as) Xe Os! 5 elo eee snd! ale Cs iis SEL Sly all § Loge Zalll Je Ugh Why g 2 Ee S54 Y GU IZ ates Cuyle «ae gpimay gil VOCABULARY 8 us (inf. 4z), to educate r&, complete J, with subjunctive, so that ij, ornament Seat, teacher Jib, child ‘9 pe, instructor d=, (younger) generation aes: is not obs, piece iil, furniture es (2x), to be put 10 11 des ignorance di, mind Be, undeveloped ~polk, servant aaa (e223), to give to eat ae (ek ), to wash es (pl.), clothes ob vs companion So respected es should a3 (423), to find 12 44, enjoymentWoman and society rts VOCABULARY Pee Ys 0s Pel a cae k eS (2), to endear to | 14S yi! (45L), to enjoy the , to have enough of company of ae throughout en p-, each other. 2 (fem. i5L), past 425, desolation °. Js, home ok (inf. wie), to sit S ie a A ae coffee-house cr (See ), to contain de (pl. se), century Se (part. we), to flee “Sl, wineshop oS, except NOTEs- 8 LE accusative. giving women a complete education”: the second Wits is a cognate 9 233 “who is to be put”. To Gi lit. “locked”. ‘who gives to eat”. whom man should find”. ‘which endears”. 13 4 Ul “have they not . . .". The object of 14 GL : circumstantial clause; translate “where they entertain”. Gla “'s0 as to escape’: circumstantial accusative Soewy cand HOS HDs cca IO ed Polos 2; 15 ES ST es OI ee ae ty PN sd 5 SN Be PHL pas f alll 5 Oy ya Slt ope OF uly «dadly alvly Gritty OSs. ually boty et ast leis Usa Jey wpe OV y oll § Jat at as mlF pee yf edd 20 Gia-—1609 7) Sal nt onl: Sol Gigs VOCABULARY 15 wel (pl), women se, like oa, yes Si), in order that ea truly 16 4S, queen ct 3, delight ce (45), must ies (3555), tobe edecsted S551, most perfect 17 ye, beginning pt, Islam I , Gi (1st sing. 2%), to eurpess D (pl Sei), art “pl, Hnenacy shill 18 Jac, debate ; a some of oS (ph AR), salom Pree om famous > (Ss), to frequent 19 53, government HU (pl. asi), outstanding. NOTES> Woman and society 117 VOCABULARY elt (pl. e122), poet | -2, period 9 aelk | oe 2 -. 231 (pl. 2031), literary man | 20 255 (pl, Cel), office SH (pl. S2%), singer J (ph Jel), profession 15-16 Of Coe... Sy “but she must be...” 16 4: 3,5 “his (the husband’s) delight”. i J.ST “in the most complete manner possible’’: cognate accusative. « eLtl cy “there were some women who . . .”. 18 greed OS ad “some of them had’. 19 ls ao “which were frequented by . . .”. 20 ill 45 ga135 } “in which women did not . . .”. PROVERBS Do not pray for riches for your . es zk ees es y friend, or else you will lose him. Evil is of great antiquity. «me ol 98, sce ger re oe eat He left us and we were glad— 2 4s GSI EG oa be OE then an even more unbearable 2 igus person came. Hy 53 -om 6 -B-ee > o> - Only a man without honour beats soy! vi sll pes L a woman. P ei Else | 2 reer a t= foe Be Have no faith in the prince when « ry! dee 13] Vl bY his minister has cheated you.Gla ole oth A] att alee Gye ees eel GL dhl SAEs toeelly SI) Gynd «All Jo AIL! LAT, ala! wpe pA Eo Vy LL! OLS AI, Bal Ss al, © 42541 owt leans J duis GI! CLI cet 5 aed) Grail Gee 6 2 Lapel yea)! uae net FAV & tpl dete of tel sat G] aus dykes oe VOCABULARY ots, youth | *Gl)II, Iraq | uae, active | es, enthusiastic | = 3, to be remarkable for | J! ies inclination for wad, strong | elv! CIE, study ay, large quantity se JG, eagerness for Adie, reading bibs market ES (pl. 3°), book dine (pl. So), newspaper aise periodical 4 flourishing >, Movement els, scientific = oe el, literary 4, continuous 5 als IraqiThe youth of Iraq seas; VOCABULARY = (impf. os apocopate 1) (fem. el), other or = or = to throw a where oneself ‘ e Sail, to give up pi boiling heat 7 as (inf. ie), to pursue *iLL,, politics u-32 (pl.), studies 6 es (adj.), party- J, for ols as ae as is the case ai (inf. seit to support * a), some of vs (pl. vi), personality +55 (pi. Ul), country Sob (inf. 35662), to assist x55, Arabic Se (pl. GIS), party 3 WL] SS “their great eagerness”. -i “and therefore” 4 OWS Il dual; English would here employ the singular. 6 Sal “Some of them.”1v- Ghat ous eels be op de Y DY OF bs (a S Glell Sw weld oe dpe dl ake de ot as of ose Ue epee OLS pleat ge aT GLI ce pga! pes! OF Us! gXes 10 Be CLT Gh of cus Les Gy ls CST yl Wal as GN Sid, «fab, Lue, JUSY! Ides dod dap! ode Gll GL plicl Jd OF Ady AAS! ales gs GES Vly ld! Gib fe at! at de dee POlpaylls dep tle regia) ays es ae VOCABULARY 8 a, a thing which | a>, side xa) af Y, there is no trace of it | 10 aI (Se ), to be possible | Fis, almost dé (inf. 335), to say ols, although ee elcel, concern with a of - ; |, matter 3, population os Se (55), to be free | | 5 ks, here from | BI, less | | | Je uke, sympathy for Fo (pl. olab ), country II eS, perhaps Gs, source OLS, existence 9 78 Gres), to demonstrate is, group Ju (es inf. AD to lean |The youth of Iraq_. 121 VOCABULARY et permanent Se (pl. Jol), well pls Ap OM rem westabtished fe , Tégime *Jris, sweet us, founder ac oF 13 p&s!, most outstanding 15 493, state * Je he (dios, to work for ae (inf. eal to make 5, renaissance aS educational 41}, extreme | general | | | “ie | 14 peasy] (inf. 351), to sip | » education 8 ose ¥ SIGE Ol “although there exists a certain amount of” Matter is not free from”. 9 “tes Jos ‘a favour that is shown": a reversion of the cognate-accusative construction. Sle! G Spe “one side or the other”. 10 sil! Xs “it is possible to say”, 11 ULS erc., are in the accusative after &)! “that”. 15 Olse ly eat! ale “upon whom may be mercy and grace". A eulogy is rarely omitted after the name of person who died recently. The reference is to king Faisal I (1883-1933), king of Iraq since 1921. E ‘although therr Glal ous aay Ges ILS) Gilg] bee otis plo Obl Gla 6 Le Gee AE eds O55 coo! ple tal! Ael Goo W5L! Diy — lid pare Ge OF WS, pee pil 25 de jous— Glall O& exe o Hl 20 Vash cote ddl Leek ppilily Hill stl Prrgsiy be Os pues Splatt dee Sal Ged Ghee obs Ol wis (ae 3 10 v2) alae pul ; Sie Gul From: The Days of Baghdad, report on a journey to Iraq with the Egyptian delegation that took part in the funeral of King Faisal I, Cairo, ca. 1934- VOCABULARY ae, period 16 5 (inf. 745), to spread various | 2 4, qld, former i. (pl. J55), means 18 U4, in the same way ae? ae 3. ox Spl! (pl. GJ!), method 3a> (inf. 275), to civilise +2 GE (Ze), to be ste (pl. 722), bedouin interested in tribe wk sos, especially cai (353), to constitute ent x3! (pl. etl), son, here Sates 17 3+ -£, unknown member Obl, during zu 3 per cent.The youth of Iraq 123 VOCABULARY ao) ane total (7h 0&2), inhabitant among someone to 20 sls, life es 4G, civilised | | GISI (inf. 35131), to let taste ae) (inf. steel), to believe NOTEs- 255 (inf. days ), to accustom d, because of BLE (ing. The), to establish obs, fatherland 21 GE (Ghs3), to live a, half its, mode of life é9l42, nomadism Jat C3), az i (ph. to keep to oe); custom Add (pl. aie), tradition 19 /LaII: not only the Bedouin nomads, but also a part of the settled agricultural population is organised in tribes and obeys tribal laws and chieftains. 21 e3leeY “hecause he believed”. 22 tal Gad as “half of whose sons live".yré obs be! (5414 aadsd ye 6 Spall JKEAY! 2 Des 5+) CBs ede tM ey a ge Spall tal etehy Of cayt 1S] bell ge a LOlped Up AQ ae oe we pty leeks Geils Wile SE AS oo ba ne EY 5 Ysyk Gl} das Geb 15] dlls Lk, ode agig be ats Geena Le ple Vl ode Gye pes SM aca! UI aes dye! uly ple’! oF yl Se eb Sy ee ge BY byl ld Cree le VOCABULARY * bs, fatherland EACYI, Alexandria 2 wi, article Sel, Assuan auc, festival “131, if, when [ee By Shen, independence | SU! (and sing. &2)!), to wish *S=1, Eayptian | 5 *6ly (53), to see 3 ais, that pe something more than +3 (fem.), soil, earth +h, locality, spot * ple tes ), to live # (St), to eat 4 32:1 (353 ), to stretch = _ ols (pl), fruit- Our country 125 VOCABULARY peace 2-08 vitt (4:42), to breathe 8 pls Yl, the Pyramids Pea enor | else, air | se! 4:1, the Sphinx i ae : — * 2 (42), to enclose 347 (pl.), monuments 6 °& -j, Stones prs pers (pl. plas), bone ot, to depart m8, ancient os Geatesia 9 ye (fem.), Egypt 2 * >, is not 3], therefore bk, creator 7 sa, belly +3, merely | Pail Ce ), to take pride SES | (¢&), to sleep | ih, but 5 I~ SE “the fruit of which you eat”. (Ly +25 “the stones of which will enclose”. 7 G+ Menes, the first Pharaoh. uy Ramses. Jt 4m; Mohammed Ali, the founder of the Egyptian kingdom and of the present dynasty (1769-1848). 8-9 pe le Sed 5! “of which Egypt is so proud”.ut byl CF Gilly Hes pay GH) syWl ad cleat de j0 10 wolalb ols ages G Solan de i ad 2e Vi Al Goll al oki I3Ls By aed CF Vi table Godot & Ops le Onde eB pee EE Od eo VY) Serie eat $y) OS em oF b otb Gell 15 “Lake gh od Grell Wal debs ld ely Y te oe 9 Dbl Gee b Boe ble A 2 LeVVly Solel eles ce doles (vav—1an VF cle) CWh tye tee Reprinted in the collected works of M. Taimur, Cairo, 1922. VOCABULARY 10 *eyb, history | mel language east) also | i alive 11 2 (pl. staat), grandfather | 3 a (AS), to speak Osht (pl), depth | LES (LES), to write inde (pl. ois), page | Je (yee ), to go round (6, outstanding *LE (pl. ps), mind 12 J 3B to look at | ey, colour aly, compatriot 14 yaras, peculiar 355 (45), to find127 Our country VOCABULARY a (a4), to hear 16 me, truth pes speech eb, dispute i melody, 17 US, all that which es os (SB), to distinguish om (ote ), see note from 3 a ), to pass 15 Sim Syrian 18 as, imagination 4, North-West African Lp (pl. Gol), feeling = all 5 33 ng: happiness (Ph O6-), inhabitant Lees) pain NOTEs: to db 7% “unites all of you". tout Slab — 5 Silly “in the depths of which you may see shining pages (written) by your forefathers”. 12 pe} 45 YI “do you not find them in possession of”. 13 le OSS “in which they speak’”. 14 9S) e5 YI “do you not hear that their speech has”, ori, “which distinguishes them”. 15 Je “(not only), but”. 16 lei e135 Y “on which there is no dispute’: generic ¥ kbs your country, then, . . .”. Fe tB Soe cemlym ces). oepey Ue “all the feelings .. . thar arise”.« jaw» - esl pes UE d I ous yl Br ol fees LBM gs Lye es eel lis Gan le Lash Ube Ga cSoll ce ky be & AW Ge bul SI deegll ced daly Gal Lede Gils cpg Leted coll Gwe de & ox! & aligns cl! cy GS nad Ky BLY oe LET Oey, oY Seb) oSat! EL DW! Gae Cee presley and gopnts Y eilsalla cept! clgdl ops « al ~dashige VOCABULARY xe (is ), to work | ae deel i to force onesel o bes 2 pl, painful | se oe search for goo : omens aye e832 os <3 ree a, future Gd FE! G> (Gx), to eee scrutinise | Jat, to try OGs], wan | 4 Gl des (inf. dees), to-get’ an far as WL, situation ocr ee ae : oe Seal (iat Be SEE discover in “pl, today iG Jos, favourable ou ae 3 *ly+, however much comeb 129 VOCABULARY Gs = oe | casi some of es itl (es ), to surround sets (pl. i235), philoso- eae (pl.), events pher 5 GE (pl. SUE), fact ie, modern *pde (panei ), to strike uy (eae ), to hope pal yesterday } ee » Much al ds, the day before Gur sul, iasite yesterday 6 42), sometimes 5 ), strong 8 Ss (ple Beall pierss: woul my (Gad), to weaken he a: S e = daze (pl. l5e), will 4» spirit z if et hope ies = eel, to come to | - A (a ), to deflect wine, weakness os 2K, many j= “Egypt Perplexed”, written in 1922, under the impression of the failure of the Egyptian revolution. Reprinted in Literary and History, a collection of studies and essays by Sabri, Cairo, 1927. VOCABULARY on z eee oes 10 * JI, yes de Gt! 5bs, to make up ys, slogan one’s mind to a8, darkness eal (inf. Jt=1), to bear a the best oil, suffering U1 see, friend 12 Ul, the world 4525, desolation = d, for the sake of = gsi, most worthy of peal most difficult ed those who 4, aimLaboremus ~ 131 VOCABULARY Je (inf. JE4), to reach 3 ae one of 323 (pl. sel3), emperor , empire is, parla it was zim ea, Septimus Severus 14 JG (d,), to say dS, saying ES, moral re » great 15 55, time 3G, decay 17 als, to try to enter Ali, doubt ais J, for its own sake 18 cule, silent a soca (eS), to derive (pometlung from Aa inspiration +13, duty 19 a productive Jel (CHES), to expect ely>, reward lj, to see XS (ph 152), thank ee eye tae, true 2-08 -3 Ns cel (fem. als), gigantic : * ae to appear born out of -1” he (pl. ihlgs): force, factor iL , patriotism a ee ye 10 QS) (apocopate) “let. . . be”, Ei aeen! ih = 5) Spl mori ol 2 GL Mit is the best thing for . . . to work”. 12 Yes Cael “most difficult to achieve"; accusative of specification. 13 Uy OS “used to say’. 14 4s) OS “his words had”. 15 Spb iy Uy oy sl “he saw that... had appeared in that empire”: circumstantial clause after verb of perception.i pall Lyall cay Rajpal e598 7H G WUT be «ost! GH Yt GA in EU fe Bde Gel of lid GA ee asl GU) SHE pe pe alge Coppell lies OF ge ed de dol Jos... pli das Lee pil LE Aye ole come ol ola list 5 Ge Sepa) Dk! ge hel yaw Maly Lee GS apils at ge pl etl UJ Gt Cat ten Y aT dye VOCABULARY zy (fem), spirit +3, national *G a, Egyptian, 2 uw, culture EF (GH), w be educated in >, generation Fade, new Ln, foundation gl (pl. JT), hope 3 neo (inf. oaedi ), to provide with pillars, to strengthen 5 (fem.), Egypt je, independent es (bs ), to fear o in spite of eA: regret aks, great en (= ), to reply ee negation x6, complete & i ds is there a better proof for...? was pan, majorityThe national spirit of Egypt 133 VOCABULARY eel the Egyptians oF el 7 without regard ie to ale , whether... or : pee 5 ples, Moslem * gees, Christian GrXs1, difference * 2, religion os (ey to be ignorant | 7 345 (544), to realise ES all Jey (Abs), to exist = nk J! &3l, nearer to ee £ 4=53, homogeneity 6 >, race 4, Copts | * «4, nation *4al3, a single NOTEs: 2 W Je “have we”. © 2 “according to which should be educated”. GLI Lx. “upon whom we place our hopes”: nomen loci of La= “to place’. 3 cohol... ce0 1 am afraid I must reply”. 5 LU X= “completely”: cognate accusative. 455: properly speaking, Copts are only the adherents of the Coptic church, most of whom are of course, like the bulk of the Moslem population, descendants of the ancient Egyptians. 7 Aey Y al “that there does not exist’: context pronoun.- ne X pall Agi! ol Jaaly Go VI olay U Lele Slat p> Lad 4) U8ly «Spall Pia Sey Bye Gulse ape GUI ey .ely 8 lez Blige 10 oe Sau dpe) ols de fey jan G Gadpall espe isle al VI aud eb Yj SW! cpp Ag! ed ole yp) Syed! api SN AL gs ad Gayle OF 92 Las Kasil gh Rell AL gf EDLY! RLS Ae ST AL! 15 wet S de Op pee Es doll SOE spySe de Bg as VOCABULARY 8 55, to test os, discord > blood | 1 eos distressing ol (pl. etl ), son | *, since, for the last... tale, scientifically | asy2e, twenty 333, to find , year 9 ae foreign J je to work for 10 sey yes début if, a man like myself | ol, literary a han sates ce : 4-2, to watch | ce SS (inf. Xs), to realise ge (pl. else), factor | 12 35, sinThe national spirit of Egypt 135 VOCABULARY ell (pl.), forefathers eo GS (3,0), to conflict as ee ecar with ee (castes ), to redouble | | | | | | wk, community 22 pie ak de> (pl. 25>), effort | 32! (fem. S+!), other Gs: educational 15 poss (fem. qe), illustrious 3 as, epoch Aa 58, exalted S) =>, constitutional +3, (such) as 32 (inf. 2%), to establish [2L], Moslem 16. 255, Arabic ES, but we are Oss (inf. oo ), to create 14 valk, genuine fiend & 3, before everything O35, without else NOTEs: BY} ebony WL. . Lease J Lily “and that, if we would test. . . we should find it to be nothing but . . .”. 9 43 24 Y “in which there is no foreign element”: generic S. 12 OY] aes Y “he can do nothing but”. 13 22) “in order to establish”.wo A pall Lal cal Gea Gl ge oT Vp Mya Rebs! JG] ks YG} af plas of ob eu «eal Ap ks HUIS « GLY! ask desea! Hall Gadd! Qos Y of) cil G WL des ded Gee A) at dels ale all ppncJls 20 Sas OSS ¢ SIH Keay LW gs OT Ce Goll ode BLY Glee oe 2s OS L jae Cad! Ge o Riel Gave ies) eo wo: Gols gh SG rol From an article written in 1926, reprinted in the volume The Stage of Literature, Cairo, n.d. VOCABULARY 17 J} Be (5 ), to look upon ibs, patriotism ees, traditional at (pl. ok), concept pus, upward evolution ee human aus, in the same way 18 as, way of looking upon 4, therefore Jl (at ), not to want oo (pms ), to be oppressed ae at Si (fem. 1), any 19 wu, section a i, nation Je Gis); to be common to all e ui ie knowledge of ae, true ul, past 20 )9<4, awareness of pa sound ek, presentThe national spirit of Egypt VOCABU | J! as, outlook into 4s,4, dignified Doe future aes, glorious 21 (hs (pl. igstts), principle e (—s) must el (es ), to be founded 137 LARY eda oh as Ce Aen, far from ars ay 22 ex), chauvinism - oe L 54%, to the extent that £ = ot 2), close to a as 435/, humanism 23 Gip., civilised NOTES= a7 Mae les G+ aes “one of the”. « Jf 45 Y “we merely look upon” 18-19 Gast bets Yt... uli “we do not want that the ... should not be common property of the nation”. 21 ye} Ol Lee “must he founded”. (O55 “‘so that it may be’ PROVERBS You won't realise how good I am until you have tried others. The hearts of people of quality are tombs of secrets. One who says “I don’t know” and learns is better than one who knows and puffs himself up. aoe 62 oH SES GSI ips: | 38 roar? - ofoe 2s as IMI j93 L251 adPA red gol! lary re Allg Repl! rey gala ill y cy apa! § doy latl Rl AW eS Sots pay eels me pial Mead 6 Ay pal DLN ef Mell ty A pall VSI fo adlay Pg39 6 dbp)! Apts clas! Joly eal Dye Bee ph ped ES onl jlaek ate ely I 5 Roslin go J! aig! GIG») ge rf LD Olsidl Srmsil 6 ge ele iy. oe © Aly « Glas Saal! pay! oy ta Wy OLiey! VOCABULARY 55UL (sing.), negotiations J FA, to communicate to Gi, concerning 3 *2KA, government #35, between | *Si-ue, Exyptian (lt) Gi}, Great Britain | 22), desire 2 Os;tall, the twentieth “250, investigation 2, January wl (ph YC), question <, ie 3, to call 4 =the, AD. 4 *5KG, His Majesty . iThe negotiations for the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty 139 VOCABULARY ib, king JoLl, the late one (pl. elacl), member ies front ia patriotic Sar to equip daenal (pl. Zia), advice 5 Je (fem. Qe), precious S ah to follow up with alel, publication oe |, command ae » gracious NOTEs: 2 (3, February 2 6 4JU, composition ee *153, delegation ieee * a), official 7 wy, March es *isl., conversation to’ open yeas palace 8 Ol 4s), saffron ue GI, Cairo a * Ql, to deliver *¥, , each 4 Jol lit, “who has departed”: the participle is indifferent to tense. The reference is to Fu'ad I (1868-1936, ruler of Egypt since 1917). 4by) 22) : a coalition of the three major parties, formed in December 1935. 5 leas! “followed it up”. 6 Ul “regarding the composition”. 8 setist: dual, similarly in the following lines.1é- ay lil ley oy deal G deylill solal dey Soe SLT ge bed Lie bos Glee Sl whee Hlatly S251! 0 BUM Je Gd cod! g OWA ¢ 2 ol HS Joy Ele GWY 6 Se A Sl DLAL ova dal West OF Ith by «Slop! DL Gl dgaslell Gal ; «el Ipadans «de Es GAN LU shay VLA] bdesl 15 GE GB CHEV Call OB DI Qa cbt) GUY! Wes pth Le ott oe S Bly ¢ pbuel yy wolsltl oil (agri anv) ded! Gyb : ce bell ool lb From: Farouk the First, @ biography of King Farouk, Cairo, 1938. VOCABULARY 9 *), head 10 eo friendship wis, speech Ble, loyalty 53s, cordial It des, from... onwards - >, to express =) time wi (pl. JLT), hope Jd es to begin with if, nation *R J party 3} (inf. 4:5), to tie GS, solution jest (pl.), ties 12 ae, reserved, suspendedThe negotiations for the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty 141 VOCABULARY 8 Les vw Wal (part. G+), to begin with oe G5, military =>, until *5, to be complete *3l61, agreement =, then 3!, to proceed to wa, negotiator Ol35—I, the Sudan NOTEs- 9 bes Ls “in which . éJ (ek ), to delay 331, to come to an agreement | 14 @9, to formulate | 35 ol}—!, capitulations 2- an =| (fem. S3+!), other - 98 | 16 (.2+!, to sign S5de5], English 2o2f | x7 wat pee pall Ls , closing speech !, to finish 12 gj “beginning”: circumstantial accusative. 13 OI lek 3 “in due course theyver Rall Kagall ols! Ay pall Lagi! OW! Carn de SSay E byal d Grd! GSI chs yy ) ott eles wlts pe bbe LIT OS : Gp eM oe HSU AY cet oil ge Ca edly «yall Raye AST LS of LK OM 2 2 all obs 5g dee YS SUI My seo ely LT G GLI! dl ae Sb SY ds Slee 6 quitll Vy Dyal Abs Ulss Gob Gud! le G Joli By can Sgagll LEV y jel path yy Ue: dod! dayil BWy Aly Ghyll Saag de CW! cdg OUI! OK oy 10 ASAE Sebel ele Vls ay bls VOCABULARY I asl, principle add, language xi, nationalism sue, culture +125 (pl. ), Arabic, Arab | <3, loyalty 2 ae (pl. oa S), resolution 4 3 individual ‘ 8s f 754, congress a! =, originating from AL (pl. HE), student *iG\, nation a2 ° ass ly3!, Europe o Os, consisting of 5 * bo, homeland +553, Brussels | i, in the year | 20% (pl), countries & ((X4), to inhabit 3 a EK all those whoPrinciples of Arab nationalism 143 VOCABULARY aionity | SLU, invalid, void 6 45, definition =, treason Gt, preceding | ce >3, national | 9 ~5s*4, awareness of | 2s a ara 33), necessity a 455, self-liberation WS, a whole | ES (sp. to bear, to accept 7 8535, division sbul, self-unification > ere existing 2 pes , partition G2, among ; Sl, heritage St (pl. OX), inhabitant be iehvn. ro 6, founded upon | | ute, sacred mi (3 ), to be possible Saas, unity d u3 (inf. Ls 55), to forego — ee history >, a span beer eS et) consciousness of a | = 2 Ree ess econcesion | Ble (pl. Zl=+), interest ell Ga G, in this respect 4 3, common NOTES: 3 ori “are”: the Arabic construction implies a conditional colouring which is impossible to render in a translation. 4 J! ll “who traces back his origin to”. SSI “which is composed”. 6 Sell Je Y “which cannot be divided”. 7 «++ SY “no inch of which can be given up”. 9 Seep! “which exists”.1e2 Ferpes) reer ols! ON G GLI! watt Ql Gat oe peel A Uptlesy «sii! Lagans At SU Gilyy leper «dal gt olill CSlal Gand AL edly SG ausT ele pi okey canes ell cbsll pF Ue Ee Glad 15 de GP LAMy deel)! etl 3 eel ag cles Rolatly leg US GaAs 6 dds GSI exch oe a! Gg ows yl yey RELL) epdigyby Gyall saad ops Stes ches GaygVl Call ge oye Cede AI Gye ysl EDL Spc Vly Kegtly AWE «est! 20 — Yk call Kel 2 (1) 5 OO (1 t-1 7) tbls — yilael From the official report of the Congress of the Arab Students in Europe, Beirut, 1939. VOCABULARY 12 3S 5>, movement | e | Jl, present su, resurrection | JI, future 2 ce Ate, new | g~, effort 7 | | | GS» (part. 3). to be afoot ls, persistent ole, organised 13 5 Ge), to urge iil (pl. ass ), impulse fou towards ave, glorious | aS (pl. ioal), aim es vitality 15 os clear 3s, peculiar nes, liberation z a pe 14 451, legitimate ch unification