Professional Documents
Culture Documents
quy trnh
kho st ng t
B giao thng vn ti
(Ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 1398 /Q-GGTVT ngy 1/6 /2000 ca B GTVT)
PHN TH NHt
QUY NH CHUNG
chng mt - MC CH, NHIM V V CC bc
kho st ng t
1.1.- Quy trnh ny quy nh cc ni dung v yu cu cn phi t c khi tin hnh
kho st phc v cho vic chun b u t v thc hin u t cc d n xy dng
ng mi, nng cp v ci to ng hin hu thuc mng ng t cng
cng ca nc CHXHCN Vit-Nam.
1.2.- Giai on chun b u t, vic kho st ng t nhm phc v cho bc lp Bo
co Nghin cu Tin kh thi (BCNCTKT) v Bo co Nghin cu Kh thi
(BCNCKT). Nu d n u t c quy m thuc nhm i hi phi qua c hai
bc BCNCTKT v BCNCKT th cng vic kho st cng phi tin hnh hai
bc, nu ch i hi mt bc th vic kho st ch tin hnh bc BCNCKT.
Vic thc hin mt hay hai bc s do Ch u t quyt nh theo "Quy ch
Qun l u t v Xy dng" hin hnh.
1.3.- Giai on thc hin u t, vic kho st cng c th tin hnh mt bc hoc hai
bc tu theo quyt nh ca C quan c thm quyn quyt nh :
- Kho st bc Thit K K Thut (TKKT);
- Kho st bc Thit k Bn v Thi cng (TKBVTC ).
Trng hp bc TKKT gn lin vi vic lp h s u thu v bc TKBVTC li
do Nh thu thc hin th vic kho st ng t phi do cp quyt nh u t
ph duyt.
1.4.- Cc bc kho st ni iu 1.2 v 1.3 l thu thp cc s liu kinh t v k
thut phc v cc ni dung bo co v ni dung thit k theo cc bc c
quy nh " Quy ch Qun l u t v Xy dng" hin hnh.
1.4.1.- Kho st lp bo co nghin cu tin kh thi (BCNCTKT) l thu thp
nhng ti liu cn thit s b nh gi v s cn thit phi u t cng trnh,
cc thun li v kh khn, s b xc nh v tr, quy m cng trnh v c ton
tng mc u t, chn hnh thc u t cng nh s b nh gi hiu qu u
t v mt kinh t, x hi ca d n.
1
PHN TH hai
kho st lp bo co
nghin cu tin kh thi
chng hai - cng tc kho st tuyn
2.1.- Nhim v ca kho st bc NCTKT l thu thp cc ti liu cn thit cho vic
lp BCNCTKT vi mc ch nu iu 1.4.1.
Qu trnh kho st phi nghin cu tng quan cc iu kin t nhin vng tuyn
s i qua (a hnh, a cht, thu vn, ngun cung cp vt liu xy dng ...),
ng thi iu tra, thu thp cc ti liu kho st thc hin (nu c) v lm
vic vi cc c quan hu quan v li ch (v c kh khn) trong xy dng cng
nh trong khai thc tuyn ng.
Kt qu kho st phi s b xut c hng tuyn, c nh c quy m
v cc gii php kinh t-k thut ca cng trnh.
2.2.- Trc khi tin hnh kho st hin trng cn t chc nghin cu ton din
trn cc loi bn hin c v cc iu kin t nhin vng tuyn i qua, s b
vch cc phng n tuyn, b sung kt qu th st, la chn cc phng n
tuyn kh thi t chc o c, thu thp cc s liu cn thit cho thit k.
2.3.- Nhng cng tc kho st bc NCTKT gm:
- Chun b trong phng,
- Th st v o c hin trng.
a.- CHUN B TRONG PHNG
2.4.- Thi k chun b cn :
3
- Hin trng mng li giao thng (st, thu, b, sng, bin, hng khng) ca
vng nghin cu.
- Cc s liu v nh hng, v qui hoch pht trin KT-XH ca vng nghin
cu.
- Cc s liu v khi lng vn chuyn, lu chuyn HH v HK.
- Cc s liu v lu lng giao thng t, xe my, xe p...
5.3. - Kt thc cng vic kho st kinh t cn cung cp cc ti liu sau y :
- Cc bin bn iu tra v hin trng KT-XH ca khu vc nghin cu c xc
nhn ca cc cp chnh quyn v c quan chuyn mn cung cp.
- Cc nh hng , cc qui hoch pht trin KT-XH ca cc tnh c lin quan
n d n.
- Cc bo co v hin trng mng li giao thng (st, thu, b... ) ca khu vc
nghin cu.
- Cc bo co v khi lng vn ti, v lu lng giao thng b thu thp
c.
phn th ba
kho st lp bo co
nghin cu kh thi
chng by - kho st tuyn
7.1.- Nhim v ca kho st lp bo co nghin cu kh thi l thu thp cc s liu
cn thit cho vic lp cc bo ca trn vi mc ch nh nu iu 1.4.2.
Qa trnh kho st phi nghin cu cc iu kin t nhin ca vng kho st
(a hnh, a mo, a cht, thu vn, ngun vt liu xy dng...)
Ngoi ra cn ch n nhng ti liu kho st tin hnh nhng nm trc
nu c.
Kt qu kho st phi xut c hng tuyn v nhng gii php thit k
cho phng n tt nht ( gi l phng n chn ) v xut gii php thi cng,
ng thi phi tho thun vi chnh quyn a phng v vi cc c quan lin
quan v hng tuyn v cc gii php thit k ch yu.
7.2.- Nhng cng vic trong bc nghin cu kh thi gm:
- Chun b trong phng,
- Th st, o c ngoi hin trng.
a.- Chun b trong phng
7.3.- Nhng ti liu cn su tm:
7.3.1.- Ti liu iu tra kinh t v ti liu kho st trc y thc hin (nu c) lin
quan n thit k.
9
10
7.8.- Khi vch tuyn, nn trnh i qua nhng v tr bt li v th nhng, thu vn, a
cht (nh m ly, khe xi, st l, ln, cac-xt..).
Trng hp phi i qua m ly cn th st k ti ch, o chiu su ly v chn
v tr i qua thch hp nht. ng thi cn nghin cu thm cc phng n trnh
ly.
Nn trnh nhng khe xi ang pht trin trn sn dc khng n nh.Trng
hp phi i qua, nn chn v tr tuyn nh khe xi. i vi ng cp thp c
th cho tuyn i qua pha di, ng thi c nhng gii php k thut cn
thit.
7.9.- Khng nn ch cho tuyn qua vng t qu, khng c nhng vng t
qu b ngp do nh hng nc dnh trc cng trnh trn tuyn.
7.10.- V tr hp l nht ca ng qua cc thnh ph, khu cng nghip v u mi
giao thng, tu trng hp c th c xc nh trn c s so snh kinh t- k
thut cc phng n v tham kho kin chnh quyn a phng. Khi chn
tuyn cn ch n quy m v c tnh ca giao thng trn ng, lng xe
khu vc hay xe qu cnh chim u th, s dn v ngha v chnh tr kinh t,
vn ho, x hi ca ng.
7.11.- Khi ng qua vng i nn dng nhng ng cong bn knh ln, un theo
a hnh t nhin .
Ch b qua nhng un ln nh v trnh tuyn b gy khc v bnh v
hnh ct dc.
7.12.- Qua vng a hnh i nhp nh ni tip nhau, tt nht nn chn tuyn l
nhng ng cong ni tip hi ho vi nhau, khng nn c nhng on thng
chm gia nhng ng cong cng chiu, bn knh ca hai ng cong tip
gip nhau khng c chnh nhau qa quy nh ca thit k.
7.13.- Khi tuyn i theo ng phn thu, iu cn ch trc tin l quan st hng
ca ng phn thu chnh v tm cch nn thng tuyn trn tng on, chn
nhng sn n nh v thun tin cho vic t tuyn, trnh nhng mm nh
cao v tm nhng o vt.
7.14.- Khi tuyn i trn sn ni, m dc v mc n nh ca sn ni c nh
hng n v tr t tuyn th cn nghin cu tng hp cc iu kin a hnh,
a cht v thu vn-a cht c trng cho sn ni; nu tn ti nhng on
sn dc bt li v a cht v a cht-thu vn nh st l, trt, nc ngm
v.v... cn cho tuyn i trnh hoc ct qua pha trn.
7.15.- Khi tuyn i vo thung lng cc sng, sui nn:
7.15.1.- Chn mt trong hai b thun vi hng chung ca tuyn, c sn thoi, n
nh, khi lng o p t, t.
7.15.2.- Cho tuyn i trn mc nc l iu tra.
11
7.15.3.- Chn v tr thun li khi giao ct cc nhnh sng sui: nu l thung lng hp
tuyn c th i theo mt bn hoc c hai bn vi mt hoc nhiu ln ct qua
khe sui. L do ct qua nhiu ln mt dng sui thng l khi gp sn dc
nng, vch cao, a cht khng n nh (st, trt, l. .)
Trong trng hp ny phi tp hp s liu so snh phng n.
7.16.- Khi tuyn vt qua o: thng thng chn v tr o thp nht, ng thi phi
da vo hng chung ca tuyn v c im ca sn ni trin tuyn t
nh o xung hai pha.
i vi tuyn ng cc cp t cp k thut 40 tr ln, nu trin tuyn qua
o gp bt li nh sn ni khng n nh hoc tiu chun k thut v bnh
din, hnh ct dc qu hn ch khng tho mn cp ng thit k, th c th
xem xt thm phng n hm. Tuyn hm phi chn sao cho c chiu di
ngn nht v nm trong vng n nh v a cht v a cht - thu vn.
7.17.- V tr ct qua sng, sui nn chn trn nhng on thng c b v dng n
nh, iu kin a cht thun li.
Gc giao gia tuyn cu vi dng ch ca sng (c bit l sng ln) nn
chn vung gc hoc gn vung gc, tuy nhin yu cu ny khng c lm
cho tuyn qu gy khc hoc h thp ch tiu bnh tuyn.
Dng chy cng nh v cp k thut ng cng cao th tuyn cng t ph
thuc vo yu cu ny. i vi ng cp k thut cao cho php vt sng
cho gc hoc trong ng cong.
Khi chn v tr qua sng c thuyn b qua li cn ch n yu cu thng
thuyn theo cp sng.
Khi qua sng bng ph c dy cp dn, tuyn ph cn thng gc vi dng
chy v nn chn khc sng c chiu rng dng chnh nh nht.
Trng hp dng ph c tu lai dt cn ch n kh nng xy dng bn
ph, su lng lch v hng ca bn vi dng chy, ht sc trnh nhng
khc sng c bi bi.
7.18.- Trng hp lm ng cp cao i qua m, h hoc vnh, cn nghin cu
phng n ct thng bng cch lm cu hay kt hp gia cu v nn p
nhm rt ngn chiu di tuyn.
7.19.- Khi ct qua ng st hay ng t cn chn v tr thch hp tu theo loi giao
ct (giao cng mc hay khc mc ). La chn loi giao ct (giao cng mc
n gin c hoc khng c iu khin giao thng, hoc giao khc mc) cn
ch n tng lai pht trin ca ng st hay ng t tao nn nt giao.
Khi xy dng nt giao bng cn ch m bo tm nhn theo c hng dc v
hng ngang; ngthi phi c vn bn tho thun ca ngnh ng st.
Trng hp giao khc mc, nn chn ni nn ng b l nn o hoc p.
V tr ct qua ng st phi chn ngoi phm vi nh ga (c hin ti v theo
qui hoch). Gc giao nn vung gc hoc gn vung gc.
12
13
15
- chnh xc o gc : 5".
- chnh xc o di : ( 5mm+3ppm x D).
Cc thng s c bn ca h lui C2 c qui nh nh sau :
- chiu di cnh ca li khng nh hn 80 m v khng ln hn 350 m. Tt
nht l t 150m n 250m
- chnh xc o gc : m 5".
- chnh xc o cnh : ms/s 1: 8000.
fx2 + f y2 : [ S] 1: 5000
20"
- sai s v tr im
50mm
n (n l s o gc)
(mm).
30 L
(mm).
50 L
(mm).
16
18
19
20
Tnh hnh xi, bi lng sng trc v sau khi xy dng p v kh nng
nh hng ca chng ti cng trnh cu, cng trn ng.
21
22
24
25
- c nc,
- cc tiu vng,
- cc tnh.
(2).- Cc ch tiu kinh t v m ca :
- c nc,
- cc tiu vng,
- cc tnh,
(vi cc d n nh, phm vi iu tra cng theo nh qui nh mc 10.2.1).
10.2.7.- iu tra v thu thp cc loi chi ph tnh li ch ca d n :
- chi ph thi gian ca hnh khch theo loi xe HK s dng : xe con, xe but, xe
my,
- chi ph thi gian ca xe c gii cc loi (xe my, xe con, xe but, xe ti,).
- chi ph vn hnh xe (VOC) ca xe c gii cc loi (xe my, xe con, xe but,
xe ti,).
Gi tr cc chi ph iu tra c xc nh vi ng khi cha c v khi c
d n.
10.2.8.- iu tra gi cc vn ti hnh khch v hng ho ca cc loi hnh vn ti
trong vng nghin cu ca d n; ring cc gi cc vn ti ng sng,
ng bin, ng hng khng ch iu tra khi cc loi hnh vn ti ny c
lin quan n d n.
10.2.9.- i vi cc d n ci to, nng cp ng hin hu cn kho st c cc
s liu sau :
- lu lng xe cc loi ca nm hin ti tc nm ang tin hnh kho st,
- lu lng xe cc loi ca cc nm qu kh,
- tnh hnh tai nn giao thng ca nm hin ti v cc nm qu kh.
10.3.- Kt thc cng tc iu tra kinh t phi cung cp cc ti liu sau:
(1).- Bn thuyt minh tng qut v tnh hnh thc hin nhim v iu tra kinh t.
(2).- Cc ti liu, s liu, v hin trng KT-XH v hin trng vn ti.
(3).- Cc s liu v ch tiu kinh t v m v cc hot ng ca cc ngnh kinh
t ch yu.
(4).- Cc hot ng vn ti trn tuyn.(st, thu, b, hng khng).
(5).- Cc qui hoch, nh hng pht trin KT-XH ca cc nm tng lai.
(6).- Cc s liu v lu lng xe, cc s liu v tai nn giao thng.
(7).- Gi cc vn ti.
(8).- Cc chi ph vn hnh xe, chi ph thi gian hnh khch v xe.
27
28
phn th t
a.- chun b
12.2.- Ni dung cng tc chun b gm:
(1) Nghin cu k bo co NCKT c duyt v quyt nh ph duyt nhim
v u t ca d n,nghin cu cc ti liu kho st trc v cp nht
y nhng s liu mi pht sinh t cc quy hoch ca trung ng v a
phng lin quan n tuyn ng.
(2) Tm hiu v nm li cc ti liu v h to , h cao , v kh tng, thu
vn, a cht, v cp sng v tnh hnh cng trnh c (nu c).
(3) Lp k hoch trin khai.
30
1/ 2000
30"
sai s v tr im :
100mm
n (n l s o gc)
31
33
12.16.- i vi nhng on qua vng st, trt, l, ngoi vic lp bnh cao cn
ch :
+ cc iu kin lm sn ni mt n nh (a cht, a cht - thu vn ..).
+ xc nh phng n vng trnh hp l.
+ thu thp cc s liu xc nh loi cng trnh v khi lng cn thit m
bo xe chy an ton v lin tc trn sn ni khng n nh (vic pht
hin cc sn ni khng n nh ch yu da vo quan st ti ch v
nghin cu b mt t nhin, i khi da vo khoan o).
12.17.- Khi tuyn ct qua dng bn c th chn mt trong cc gii php sau:
+ t tuyn pha trn nn phng vt.
+ t tuyn pha di nn phng vt (chn phn tng i thoi ca nn).
+ i bng hm di nn phng vt.
Chn gii php no tu thuc vo cp ng v kt qu so snh kinh t-k
thut.
12.18.- Khi tuyn i qua vng c hin tng cc-xt ang pht trin nn nghin cu
phng n trnh. Trng hp bt buc phi i qua, cn iu tra nghin cu v
m t k ng thi c nhng kin ngh v gii php k thut cn thit.
12.19.- Khi tuyn qua vng t cha mui phi nghin cu k t nn cng nh t
dng p nn c th kt lun kh nng s dng.
Trng hp lm mt ng c dng cht dnh kt hu c cn nghin cu k
thnh phn ho hc mui qua xem xt kh nng n mn ca t mui
i vi mt ng nhm kt lun: dng hoc khng dng loi t ny.
12.20.- Khi tuyn qua vng ct bay cn c bit ch n c im t nhin ca
vng. Ni chung nn trnh cho tuyn qua vng ct ang di ng, nhng khi
bt buc th cn phi qua nghin cu k hng gi thnh hnh v mc gi, tnh
cht cu to ca ct, trn c s c gii php thch hp nh: tn cao nn
ng, trng cy chn gi.
12.21.- Khi tuyn qua vng t mm yu cn lp bnh cao chi tit, m t loi
bn v khoan thm d, chp hnh minh ho. Kt qu kho st a hnh, a
cht l c s la chn v tr tuyn hp l ng thi xut c nhng gii
php thit k kh thi.
12.22.- Trong nhng trng hp cn nghin cu thit k hm, cc cng vic kho
st (a hnh, a cht, thu vn, a cht - thu vn) c tin hnh theo mt
cng ring bit khng nm trong phm vi Quy trnh ny.
12.23.- Tuyn qua vng ng bng cn ch trng cc nh hng ca iu kin thu
vn, a cht - thu vn dc tuyn. Khi kho st cn xut cc gii php c
kh nng m bo thot nc tt cho nn ng nh tn cao ng, hoc o
34
12.26.- Nh ca trong phm thi cng ng phi o c chnh xc, th hin trn bnh
, ng thi phi thng k theo chng loi.(bng 1)
12.27.- Ct in thoi, in n, in cao th, ct mc, l khoan khong sn v.v...
trong phm vi 50 m phi o khong cch n tim tuyn, phi th hin trn
bnh , ng thi phi thng k.(bng 2).
Bng thng k nh ca hai bn tuyn
Bng 1
Bn tri
L trnh
Loi nh
Bn phi
Din tch
(m2)
Ch
nh
45.0
ng A
Km2+100 nh gch
K/C Loi nh
n
tuyn
Din
tch
(m2)
30 m Nh tranh 30.0
K/C
n
tuyn
ng B
15 m
Bng 2
L trnh
Km2+400
Ch
nh
Tri (m)
Phi (m)
C quan qun l
20
10
S in lc
thnh ph
in cao th
L trnh
Km6+150
Loi ng
dn u
Kch c
Khong
cch
ng knh
(mm)
p sut
kg/cm2
(m)
200mm
25kg/m2
100m
Ghi ch
i // vi
tuyn
36
Loi cng
trnh
Khong cch n
tuyn
Chiu su
C quan
qun l
L trnh
Tri (m)
km2+ 500
Cng
nc
km3+400
Cp
thng tin
(m)
Phi (m)
20
5
1.5
S qun l
CTT
1.2
S in
HN
L trnh
Khong
cch
Km1+400
0 50 m
Rung 2 v
1550 m
i trng cy ly g
Bn phi
Khong
Loi
cch
0 50 m
Ghi
ch
Run
g
39
A. i vi tuyn ng
13.1.- Nghin cu h s thit k ca phng n tuyn la chn bc nghin cu
kh thi (trc dc, bnh cng trnh thot nc v.v..), cc ti liu kho st, thu
thp c; nh gi mc t m, chnh xc ca cc ti liu trn v i chiu
vi cc yu cu v kho st, o c trong bc thit k k thut lp k
hoch kho st b sung, hon chnh cc ti liu, s liu thu vn cn thit.
41
13.8.- Ni dung v phng php kho st, iu tra cc c trng a mo lng sui,
c trng a mo lu vc, cu to t, cy c ph lu vc c tin hnh nh
hng dn gii thiu cc iu 8.10; 8.11; 8.12; 8.13 ca phn kho st
thu vn i vi cng trnh thot nc nh bc nghin cu kh thi.
13.9.- o c a hnh ti cc cng trnh thot nc nh.
Trong giai on nghin cu kh thi, ni chung khng c yu cu o c a
hnh ring i vi cng trnh thot nc m khi thit k cc cng trnh thot
nc s dng ti liu o v a hnh phc cho vic thit k tuyn.
Trong giai on thit k k thut v lp bn v thi cng, phc v cho vic
b tr cc cng trnh thot nc ph hp vi iu kin a hnh v tnh ton thu
vn chnh xc, ti mi cng trnh thot nc phi o v bnh thot nc khu
vc cng trnh v mt ct ngang sui ti cng trnh. Sau y l mt s quy
nh v o c a hnh.
13.10.- o v bnh khu vc cng trnh thot nc:
- Phm vi o v: theo chiu di sui phi o ra ngoi phm vi b tr cng trnh
thot nc mt chiu di t nht l 75-150 m v mi pha thng lu v h
lu. Nu ti cng trnh thot nc pha thng lu v h lu c thit k cng
trnh dc nc, bc nc hoc knh dn nc th phm vi cng trnh s bao
gm c cc cng trnh ny. Theo chiu ngang sui nu sui v ma l nc
khng trn b sui th phm vi o phi nm ngoi phm vi chiu rng sui v
ma l t nht l 5 n 10 m; nu sui v ma l, nc trn qua b sui th
phm vi o cch b sui chnh t nht 50 m, phn cn li tham kho ti liu
o a hnh mt ct dc v bnh tuyn ng.
T l v bnh : 1/200 1/500.
13.11.- o v mt ct ngang sui ti cng trnh thot nc:
- Phm vi o v: nu sui v ma l khng trn qua b th phi o cao hn
mc nc l cao nht t 1 n 2m; nu v ma l, nc trn qua b sui th
o rng ra hai b sui chnh mi bn 50 m, phn cn li s da vo trc dc
ng xc nh phm v nc ngp.
i vi sui tng i ln cn kim tra lu lng theo mc nc iu tra th
cn o v thm mt ct lu lng nu mt ct ngang sui ti v tr cng trnh
thot nc khng tho mn cc yu cu tnh lu lng theo phng php hnh
thi (xem hng dn ca ph lc 3.2; 3.6).
Trn bn v mt ct ngang sui ti cng trnh phi th hin y cc cc chi
tit v cc l trnh thng nht vi bn v trc dc tuyn, cc cao mc nc
iu tra, a cht cu to lng sui, tnh hnh cy c trn bi (nu c) v b
sui.
13.12.- o v mt ct dc sui ti cng trnh :
- Phm vi o v: bng chiu di o v bnh khu vc cng trnh. Mt ct dc
sui c o dc theo lch su nht ca sui v tt c cc im i dc phi
43
14.11.- Cng tc kho st nn ng p cao - l nn p c chiu cao trn 12 mtcn tp trung vo nhng vn sau :
- nh gi iu kin n nh ca nn v mi dc nn ng;
- Chn vt liu p thch hp;
- Gia c phng h mi dc.
14.12.- Cng tc o v CCT nh i vi nn ng thng thng. Cng tc thm
d c tin hnh bng cc l khoan trn tim tuyn vi c ly t 50 n 100
mt. Khng b tr l khoan trn mt ct CCT. Mc ch ch yu ca cng tc
khoan l pht hin tng t yu.Cng tc ly mu t , th nghim cng nh
chnh l v lp h s kho st cng tng t nh i vi nn ng o su.
14.13.- Cng tc iu tra kho st v nh gi cht lng ca VLXD phi xc nh
c loi vt liu xy dng n nh trong trng hp p cao.
B6.- on ng c hin tng a cht ng lc (CL)
14.14.- Cc hin tng CL gm: dng l bn , mng xi, ccxt, trt,
v.v...Mc ch ca kho st nhm nh gi nh hng ca chng ti iu kin
n nh ca tuyn. V vy, ngoi khi lng kho st i vi nn ng thng
thng cn phi b tr mt khi lng khoan thch hp. Khi lng ny gm
nhng l khoan b tr trn cc mt ct CCT trong khu vc c cc hin tng
CL. S lng l khoan cng nh mt ct CCT do K s ch nhim nghip
v quyt nh.
14.15.- Trong khi tin hnh cng tc thm d, lun lun phi kt hp vi cng tc o
v CCT, trong nhiu trng hp ly cng tc o v CCT lm chnh. i vi
hin tng dng l bn , mng xi, trt cn xc nh phm vi phn b,
quy m, kh nng pht trin, xc nh nguyn nhn pht sinh ca chng, nh
hng ti n nh ca tuyn v.v nhm c th a ra c nhng gii php x
l hoc kin ngh trnh tuyn.
i vi hin tng cc-t, cn xc nh phm vi phn b, kh nng pht trin
v.v.. trn c s ti liu thu thp t kt qu iu tra o v CCT. Trong trng
hp cn thit c th b tr thm d a vt l (VL). Phng php dng ph
bin l thm d in v thm d a chn. Tu theo mc pht trin ca
cacxt v tnh cht quan trng ca cng trnh m ly khong cch gia cc
im o t 2 n 5 mt. Khng tin hnh cng tc khoan.
14.16.- Cng tc ly mu t , ngoi nh i vi nn ng thng thng cn phi
ch trng lm sao phn tch nhng nguyn nhn pht sinh v kh nng
pht trin ca chng. i vi hin tng trt cn ly mu xc nh m ti
mt trt ca chng. v.v...Cng tc chnh l thng k v lp h s kho st
theo nhng quy nh hin hnh.
B7.- on ng d kin xy dng tng chn v tng phng h
47
48
49
phn th nm
kho st lp thit k
bn v thi cng
chng mi lm - kho st tuyn
15.1.- Nhim v ca kho st lp thit k bn v thi cng l :
(a) Khi phc li tuyn trn thc a.
(b) B sung nhng chi tit cn thit v chnh l li nhng cc b xt thy cha
hp l, cha m bo nhng iu kin ti u v xy dng v khai thc.
Kho st lp thit k bn v thi cng c tin hnh sau khi thit k k
thut dc duyt.
50
R (m)
L (m)
> 500
20
500
10
51
52
16.1.- Kho st b sung cc s liu, ti liu thu vn, o c a hnh cn thiu hoc
cha c thc hin trong bc thit k k thut theo yu cu ca giai on
thit k k thut.
16.2.- Nu khi duyt n thit k k thut c yu cu nghin cu b sung cc
phng n tuyn v cng trnh thot nc cc b trong bc lp bn v thi
cng th trong k hoch phi b sung y cc hng mc cng vic kho
st, iu tra, o c theo ni dung yu cu i vi thit k k thut nh
cp cc phn trc.
16.3.- Nu trong thi gian t khi kt thc kho st phc v thit k k thut n khi
trin khai cng vic kho st lp bn v thi cng c xy xa ra nhng thay i
v hin tng thu vn, thay i a hnh lng sng do nh hng ca kh hu
hay cc cng trnh , p thu li va c xy dng th phi b sung ti liu
kho st iu tra, o c b sung nhng c trng mi v thu vn nh iu
tra cc mc nc c trng, quy lut din bin lng sng, hin tng xi bi
vv...
16.4.- Lm vic vi a phng v cc c quan hu quan thng nht ln cui cng
cc s liu c cung cp v kho st b sung, cc gii php k thut
c lin quan ti vn thu vn ca tuyn ng v cng trnh thot nc trn
ng.
16.5.- H s kho st thu vn:
- Thuyt minh b sung tnh hnh kho st, o c thu vn;
- Cc bn o v b sung;
- Cc s liu, ti liu thu thp, o c b sung;
- Cc vn bn lm vic vi a phngv cc c quan hu quan;
- Cc s o c.
17.1.- Kho st CCT lp bn v thi cng (BVTC) c thc hin trong nhng
trng hp sau:
- Trn nhng on, nn tuyn hoc dch tuyn c iu chnh sau khi duyt
thit k k thut;
- Trn nhng on tuyn thit k c bit, xt thy cc ti liu kho st cho
thit k k thut cha y hoc nhiu vn cn nghi vn cn phi c
kho st b sung;
- Ti cc cng trnh nh cu hoc nn ng thit k c bit c s thay i
v kt cu mng cng nh c s thay i v phng n s l m cc ti liu
kho st cha p ng cho thit k;
- Cn kho st thm cc m VLXD p ng y cho thi cng.
53
phn th su
54
b.- ng k ng
18.4.- ng k ng l ghi li hnh dng ng, do cn ng cc cc ng
sn dc theo mp mt ng.
Cc cc ny ch l cc tm dng khi o c v kim tra kt qu o c ng
nn khng cn phi bo v lu di. Cc cc u, cui tuyn v cc mc cao
cn lu gi cho cc bc kho st sau s dng nn phi l cc vnh cu.
Cc ng sn phi ng th no phn nh ng cc yu t hnh hc ca
ng hin hu (bnh , hnh ct dc, hnh ct ngang, cc cng trnh thuc
ng v 2 bn ng ).
18.5.- Cng tc o c tuyn ng (o gc, o di, o cao, o hnh ct ngang) ca
bc ng k thc hin nh bc NCKT ni Chng 7 ).
57
+ Tr lng ca m.
+ H thng v cht lng ng t m VL n tuyn ng XD
+ Bnh khu vc m (c khu khai thc v khu qun l). Khi n v khai thc
m khng c ti liu ny th cn s ho khu vc m ln bn tuyn ng
ng k.
E.- ti liu phi np
18.15.- Kt thc cng tc ng k, n v kho st phi np cc h s, ti liu sau :
(1) Cc ti liu v ng k tuyn.
(2) Cc ti liu v ng k nn ng hin hu.
(3) Cc ti liu v ng k mt ng hin hu.
(4) Cc ti liu v ng k v cc loi cng trnh.
(5) Cc ti liu v tnh hnh khai thc ng hin hu.
58
- Tin hnh mt s cng vic kho st cng vi s liu thu thp phc v cho
thit k m rng hoc nng cp.
20.2.- Nhim v ca kho st CCT l:
- Thu thp ti liu a cht nn ng, mt ng, mi dc; ng thc trng v
nn mt ng hin hu;
- nh gi kh nng s dng nn ng hin hu kt hp vi kh nng ci
tuyn, trnh tuyn theo yu cu ca nhim v c giao;
- Thu thp cc ti liu v hin trng ca cu, cng, cc cng trnh phng h
nh gi kh nng s dng li hoc phi thit k lm mi.
- Kho st vt liu xy dng (VLXD).
20.3.- Cng tc kho st CCT ng hin hu tu theo mc ch nng cp m rng
vi cc tiu chun nh th no m n nh c khi lng kho st, nhng
nht thit phi theo 2 giai on l lp BCKT v thit k k thut.
60
Ph Lc 1
cc qui nh v cc
1.- Cc cc tm, dng trong bc kho st lp BCNCTKT v BCNCKT c th l
cc tre hay cc g.
2.- Trong bc kho st lp thit k k thut v bn v thi cng quy nh v quy
cch cc nh sau :
+ Cc tim tuyn :
- i vi ng mi : cc g vung hay trn ng knh 7cm, di 40cm, chn
cc sn phng mc, mt cc c khc vit tn cc.
- i vi ng hin hu : ti tim l cc inh st ng knh 1,5cm, di 10 cm
ng chm xung ng, bn l ng c cc bo quy cch nh cc tim ca
ng mi.
+ Cc nh, cc du cc nh, cc mc cao lm bng b-tng, hnh tam gic
mi cnh 12 cm, di 40 cm.
+ Cc mc to v cao hng IV (GPS hng IV ) theo quy cch nh sau :
Mt mc
40 cm x 40 cm
y mc
50 cm x 50 cm.
Chiu cao mc
45 cm.
B mc
60 cm x 60 cm x 10 cm
Vt liu lm mc :
Tim mc
b tng mc 200.
:
bng s.
20 cm x 20 cm.
y mc
30 cm x 30 cm.
Chiu cao mc
40 cm.
61
Vt liu lm mc
b tng mc 200.
Tim mc
bng s.
PhLc 2
100m.
+ Cu di t 30 n 60m : 80m.
+ Cu di di 30m :
60m.
150m.
80m.
+ Bn ph (ph thng ) :
100m.
+ Bn ph (ph t hnh) :
150m.
+ Bn cu phao :
100m.
62
63
Ph lc 3
cc mu biu v thu vn
Ph Lc 3.1
mu bo co tnh hnh sng G...... (v d )
(on v tr cu X......km.......+....... )
Ngy........thng.......nm......
I.
1. H v tn iu tra vin:............................................................................................
Chc v:.......................................; n v kho st ..............................................
2. H v tn ngi c phng vn, iu tra: ............................................................
Tui: ..........; Ngh nghip:.........................; S nm sng ti a phng :...........
3. Thi gian iu tra:
- Mc nc ln th 2
:...........m
- Mc nc l ln th 3:.......... m
V tr s 5 : ........ m
V tr s 6 : ........ m
V tr s 7 : . .......m
im iu tra mc nc l ln th 3:
V tr s 8 : ........ m
V tr s 9 : ........ m
: Nguyn H ................ K tn
65
Ngi cao c cc mc nc
: Nguyn vn A.......... K tn
Ph lc 3.2
mu iu tra mc nc
1/ Mu iu tra mc nc dc tuyn :
on tuyn
t km .........
Mc nc lch s :
Nm xut hin :
n km ........
Nht
Nh
Ba
Mc nc lch s :
L trnh
c im ca sng
Nm xut hin:
cng trnh
thot nc
Nht
Nh
Ba
Nguyn nhn
c mc nc
ln
dc
sng
/ kin
lng
sng
h s
nhm
n
Ghi ch :
Ct (1)
Ct (6) - Ghi dc sng trong phm vi cng trnh thot nc bng cch o cao
lng sng (hay ng mt nc) hai mt ct, cch thng lu v h lu
cng trnh khong 20 - 50m:
Ct (7)- Thuyt minh iu kin chy ca lng sng theo nhng c im nh cch
phn loi ca bng ph lc 6. N l c s chn h s nhm lng sng
khi tnh ton lu lng theo phng php hnh thi.
66
L trnh
cu cng
Tn lu
vc
Km0+ 500
Chiu
di
sui
(m)
dc sui (% )
Trung
bnh
Ti cu
cng
Chiu
di
sng
nhnh
1500
10
1700
t
lng
sui
H s
mLS
8
7
Ghi ch :
Ct (1) : Theo l trnh ghi trn trc dc v bnh tuyn ng
Ct (2) : S hiu lu vc c k hiu bn v khoanh din tch lu vc
Ct (3) : Chiu di tnh theo dc sui t ni sui hnh thnh r rng n v tr cng
trnh
Ct (4) : dc trung bnh ca sui chnh theo lng sui
Ct (5) : dc ti cu cng ca sui
Ct (6): Tng chiu di cc sui nhnh c chiu di ln hn 0,75 chiu di sui
chnh, k hiu l
Ct (7) : Thuyt minh a cht ca lng sng v bi sng (nu c), iu kin nc
chy theo cch phn loi ca bng 3.5.3.
Ct (8) : H s mLS c xc nh theo bng 3.5.3.
Mu biu iu tra c
trng a mo, a hnh lng sui
L trnh
cu cng
Tn
lu vc
dc sui
Chiu di
(% )
sui
Trung
Ti
(m)
bnh
cu
cng
3
68
Chiu di t lng
sng nhnh
sui
H s
m LS
Km 0 + 500
1500
10
1700
Ghi ch :
Ct (1) : Theo l trnh ghi trn trc dc v bnh tuyn ng
Ct (2) : S hiu lu vc c k hiu bn v khoanh din tch lu vc
Ct (3) : Chiu di tnh theo dc sui t ni sui hnh thnh r rng n v tr cng
trnh
Ct (4) : dc trung bnh ca sui chnh theo lng sui
Ct (5) : dc ti cu cng ca sui
Ct (6) :Tng chiu di cc sui nhnh c chiu di ln hn 0,75 chiu di sui
chnh, k hiu l
Ct (7) : Thuyt minh a cht ca lng sng v bi sng (nu c), iu kin nc
chy theo cch phn loi ca bng 3.5.3.
Ct (8 ) : H s mLS c xc nh theo bng 3.5.3.
Ph lc 3.4
mu iu tra
c trng a mo, a hnh lu vc
L trnh
cu cng
Tn lu
vc
isd
(% )
Loi
t
Cp
t
iu kin Cy c
nc chy
Km 0+500
20,2
St ct
III
Sch,
khng b
cy xi
Km1+100
T l
nh
ca %
H s
msd
T l
h ao
%
10
T.bnh
0,25
< 20
Ghi ch :
Ct (1) : Theo l trnh ghi trn trc dc v bnh tuyn ng
Ct (2) : S hiu lu vc c k hiu bn v khoanh din tch lu vc
Ct (3 ): dc sn dc lu vc, tnh bng phn nghn
Ct (4 ): Phn loi t theo loi t v hm lng ct nh cch phn bng 3.5.1.
Ct (5): Phn cp t theo cng thm c 6 cp (I,II,...) nh cch phn cp
bng 3.5.1.
Ct (6): iu kin nc chy trn b mt lu vc, c phn thnh 4 trng hp nh
cch phn bng 3.5.2.
Ct (7): Thuyt minh loi cy c v mt cy c (tha tht, trung bnh, rm rp)
Ct (8): H s nhm (h s cn) sn dc lu vc xc nh theo bng 3.5.2.
69
Cng
thm
(mm/pht)
Cp
t
0,01
TT
Tn loi t
0,10
10
0,30
II
10
0,03
II
14
0,50
III
15
0,60
III
12
0,40
II
15
0,60
III
30
0,85
III
t en mu m
14
0,50
III
30
0,85
III
15
0,60
III
30
0,85
III
17
0,70
III
30
0,90
III
17
0,70
III
40
0,90
IV
60
1,20
IV
45
1,00
IV
60
1,25
IV
70
1,50
80
2,00
6
7
8
9
10
11
t en thng
t mu l, mu l nht
t calci en ( nhng cnh ng c ht
t c mu tro en cha nhiu mc thc
vt. Nu lp thc vt trn mt mng th
lit vo loi IV, nu dy thuc loi III.
t st ct, t en st ct, t rng, t
ng c (khi t kh v thnh si)
t ct khng bay c (khng v thnh
70
12
si c)
90
2,50
VI
95
3,00
VI
100
5,00
VI
Tnh hnh sn dc lu vc
0,50
0,40
0,30
0,25
0.30
0,25
0,20
0,20
0,15
0,10
H s mls
11
- Sng vng ni, lng sng nhiu , mt nc khng phng, sui chy
khng thng xuyn, quanh co, lng sui tc nghn.
71
Ph lc 3 .6
Xc nh lu lng theo phng php hnh thi
1/ Chn mt ct tnh lu lng:
Mt ct ngang tnh lu lng theo phng php hnh thi phi c cc tiu chun
sau y:
- Mt ct ngang phi nm trn on thng, nm ngoi phm vi nh hng ca nc
dnh t sng khc, ca thu triu, p nc.
- Phi chn nhng ni khng c bi hay bi hp, tt nht l mt ct ngang c dng
lng cho, hng nc thun li, song song v vung gc vi hng nc chy.
- Mt ct ngang lu lng tt nht chn trng vi mt ct sng ti cng trnh thot
nc. Trng hp ti v tr cng trnh thot, mt ct ngang sui khng m bo cc
yu cu tnh lu lng th c th chn pha thng lu hay h lu cu mt t.
Sau khi c c lu lng tnh ton, da vo cc cng thc thu lc tnh cc
c trng thu lc (chiu su nc chy, tc dng ch, tc bi sng) ca mt
ct sng ti v tr cng trnh thot nc.(Xem mc 3 ca ph lc ny ).
2/ Xc nh dc dc sng:
Mc ch ca vic xc nh dc dc sng l xc nh tc v lu lng
nc chy nu bit mc nc tnh ton, mt ct ngang v cc c trng hnh thi ca
lng sng.
dc dc v nguyn tc c xc nh theo ti liu o mc nc ng thi gia
ba mt ct thng lu, mt ct tnh lu lng v mt ct h lu v ma l. Tuy nhin
trong iu kin kh khn khng t chc o c c v ma l th c th o dc
mt nc thi im kho st hay o dc sng dc theo trc ng lc ca dng
chy (dc theo y su nht ca sng) v cho php s dng chng lm tr s dc
dng chy tnh ton.
Khong cch gia cc mt ct do d dc dc i vi sng sui nh t nht l 50m .
3/ Xc nh tc v lu lng nc:
Tc nc chy c xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
V =
72
1 2/3 1/2
h .I
n
V =
87
1+
h
hi
V
1
=
2/ 3 1/ 2
n
h .I
87 h i
=
1 h
V
Trong : I - dc mt nc sng.
ch
1 2/ 3 1/2
1 2/ 3 1/2
h ch I + b
h I
n
nb b
K hiu:
Trong : l chu vi t
V = 5,5 d
( m/s )
73
1
n
40
0,025
1,25
30
0,035
2,00
25
0,040
2,75
20
0,050
3,75
15
0,060
5,50
Bi ca ln v trung bnh, bi c mc c, bi
cy hay s vi s lng trung bnh.
5
12,5
0,080
7,00
12,5
0,080
7,00
74
10
0,100
9,0
7,5
0,133
12,00
10
- Sng c bn tri.
5,0
0,20
20,00
Bi sng c cy ln mc rm.
Ghi ch: - Bng h s nhm trn tnh
vn tc nc chy ca sng theo cng thc
S di - Ma ninh v S di - Ba danh khi
khng iu tra c h s nhm ti thc
a.
V = C. RI
C=
87
V
1+
R
1 2/3 1/2
R .I
n
1 1/6
R
n
75
ph lc 4
Cng tc th nghim hin trng nh xuyn tiu chun, xuyn tnh, ct cnh hin
trng, nn n hng, nn tnh bng bn ti trng v.v...c tin hnh trong
trng hp cn thit nhng phi tun th theo cc quy nh ca cc Quy trnh
hin hnh hoc cc Hng dn ca thit b. Cng tc th nghim t , nc,
vt liu xy dng cn phi tun th theo cc Quy nh hin hnh.
E) Cng tc chnh l v lp h s kho st CCT gm:
Khi thm d bng khoan, xuyn, ct cnh phi thc hin theo cc quy trnh sau:
-
77
Ph lc 4.2
Phn loi t c hu c v bn
1.- t dnh (ct pha, st pha, st) c m thin nhin ln hn gii hn chy
( st IL > 1) v c h s rng :
e0
0,9 i vi ct pha;
e0
1,0 i vi st pha;
e0
1,5 i vi st;
th u gi l bn.
st IL
Ct pha
Cng
IL < 0
Do
0 < IL 1
Chy
IL > 1
St pha v st
78
Cng
Na cng
0 < IL 0,25
Do cng
Do mm
Do chy
Chy
IL < 0
IL > 1
Bng 2
Tn v trng thi t ri
bo ho Sr
Sr 0,50
Ct t m
Ct m t
Ct bo ho nc
Sr > 0,80
Ghi ch:
= m thin nhin ca t
= m ca t gii hn ln
= ch s do Ip = WL Wp
= h s rng ca t
= t trng ca t
= t trng ca nc (thng ly w = 1).
79
B. Xc nh cht ca t ri theo e
Bng 3
kt cu ca t ri
t ri
Cht
Cht va
Ri rc
Ct ht trung v ht
th c si
e < 0,55
e > 0,70
Ct nh
e < 0,60
e > 0,75
Ct bi
e < 0,60
e > 0,80
Ph lc 4.4
Trng thi
Cng v na cng
Cc du hiu
p th v ra tng cc, bp trong tay t b vn ri
Do cng
Do mm
Do chy
Chy
cht
S kh d lc o h
Rt cht
80
Cht
Cht va
Ri rc
C. Xc nh m ca t ri ti hin trng
Bng 6
m ca t ri
Kh
Du hiu m t ca t ri
Nhn khng thy nc, nm trong tay ri m ra th t li ri
rc ngay v ri xung t thnh tng ht
Nm trong tay c cm gic lnh, nm li ri m ra lc lc
trong lng bn tay th t v ra thnh tng cc nh.
Hi m
m t
Qu bo ho
cht
Rt cht
su mi khoan
ngp vo trong ct
(cm)
Ti 10
10 ~ 20
Cht
khng nt cht vo u lp b
Cht va
Xp (ri
rc)
20 ~ 50
Ln hn 50
Cp
t
II
III
IV
Tn t
Loi t i din
Tc
khoan
(m/gi)
t xp
mm
8,5
t cht
va
4,5
2,3
1,5
VI
hi
rn
- t ln nhiu dm cui;
- st, t st nn cht rt cht v cha nhiu ct.
- bt kt, ct kt gn kt bng vi.
- Than cng, ngtraxt.
- Cc loi phin c thnh phn st-mica, mica,
clort, clort-st, xrixt.
- Secpngtinit; Secpngtinit ha.
- unit b phong ha.
rn
va
VII
rn
VIII
rt
rn
1,10
0,65
0,50
0,30
IX
XI
XII
cng
chc
rt
cng
chc
0,20
c
bit cng
- phin silc;
- Quc dt- sng cha st rt cng;
- Thch anh rn chc.
cc
k cng
0,151
0,10
0,04
Ph lc 4.6
gi tri C, ca t ct
84
Bng 9
Tn ca loi t
Ch
tiu
0,55
0,02
0,01
th
43
40
38
Ct trung
0,03
0,02
0,01
40
38
35
0,06
0,04
0,02
38
36
32
28
0,08
0,06
0,04
0,02
36
34
30
26
Ct si sn v ct ht
Ct nh
Ct bi
0,65
0,75
Ph lc 4.7
85
Rtc
Tn t
t hn to
1. Dm, cui c ct lp y l hng
2 Sn si l mnh vn ca kt tinh
3. Sn si l mnh vn ca trm tch
6,00
5,00
3,00
Cht
Cht va
4. Ct ht to khng ph thuc vo m
5. Ct ht va khng ph thuc m
6. Ct ht nh
6
5
5
4
a. t m
b. Rt m v bo ha nc
7. Ct bi (bt)
a. t m
b. Rt m
c. Bo ha nc
4
3
3
2
3
2,0
1,5
2,5
1,5
1,5
t loi ct
H s rng
st
t loi st
IL = 0
IL = 1
8. Ct pha
0,5
0,7
3,0
2,5
3,0
2,0
9. St pha
0,5
0,7
1,0
3,0
2,5
2,0
2,5
1,8
1,0
0,5
0,6
0,8
1,1
6,0
5,0
3,0
2,5
4,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
10. St
86
Ghi ch:
1. Khi nn c phong ha mnh hoc nt n nhiu cng nh c b mm
ha th phi tin hnh th nghim p ti ch bng bn ti trng.
2. p lc tiu chun Rtc ch dng cho cc cng trnh nh ca, tng chn.
87
S
th t
bo ha
nc
Vi t hp ti
trng chnh
Khi xt n t hp
ti trng ph
Vi t hp ti
trng c bit
t m
2,5
3,0
4,0
Rt m
2,0
2,5
3,0
Bo ha
1,5
1,8
2,0
Ghi ch:
Tr s ng sut tnh ton vi t l hng ln cho trong Bng ng vi trng thi
bo ha, khng c tnh ln t; khi h s l hng ln hn 0,7 hoc sau khi sy
kh t c ln t tng i >0,02.
Khi h s rng b hn 0,7 hoc khi sy kh < 0,02 th ng sut tnh ton ca
t nn ly theo Quy trnh kho st a cht cng trnh ng st hoc Quy
trnh kho st ng t.
Ph lc 4.8
nh gi cc khu t v cc khu vc xy dng theo mc
phc tp ca cc iu kin a cht cng trnh
Bng 15
iu
kin
n
gin
Cc lp t c
th nm thoi hoc
nm ngang. Nghin
cu v ct a tng
d. Thnh phn t
cc mt ct
nghin cu ng
nht. S sp xp
lp nm ngang th
hin r rng.
Cc dng
tch t bo
mn hoc
cc dng
bo mn,
mi mn;
a hnh d
lp bn
v d xc
nh.
88
iu kin a
cht thy vn
Cc hin tng
a cht hin ti
Gm cc i
cha nc thnh
lp khng thay
i theo ng
phng v chiu
dy. Nc ngm
trong lp t
trm tch ng
nht. Thnh
phn ha hc
ca nc ngm
ng nht.
Khng c cc
hin tng a
cht hin i
nguy him c
nh hng n
s nh gi cc
a im v a
cht cng trnh.
II
Trung
bnh
III
Phc
tp
C ph hy do un
np v ph hy do
on tng. a tng
phc tp hoc
nghin cu kh.
Thnh phn ca
t thng thay
i.
Cc dng
tch t-bo
mn; a
hnh c
nhiu thm
khng r
rt.
C cc lp cha t c cc hin
tng a cht
nc khng
trong khu vc.
ng u v
phng v
chiu dy.
Thnh phn ca
nc ngm
ng nht.
Ph hy on tng
v un np phc
tp. a tng phc
tp v khng nghin
cu c.
Thnh phn t
v tng nghin
cu c t.
Gm cc
dng a
hnh trc
ni v a
hnh vng
ni
C cc loi
nc ngm
khc nhau c
quan h tng
h phc tp
(nc caxt
v.v)
Cc hin tng
a cht hin
i pht trin
rng ri.
Ph lc 5
Cp hng ca ng
3.4.1
Cp ng c phn loi theo chc nng quy nh nh trong ct 1 bng 3, dng cho
Cp hng
Tc tnh
S ln xe
qun l
k thut
yu cu
I
II
Chc nng ch yu ca ng
6
Cp 80 v 60
80 v 60
III
ng ni cc trung tm kinh t,
chnh tr, vn ho ln
ng ni cc trung tm kinh t,
chnh tr, vn ho ca a phng
IV
Cp 60 v 40
60 v 40
vi nhau v vi ng trc t
hay ng cao tc
Cp 40 v 20
40 v 20
2 hoc 1
ng ni cc im lp hng,
cc khu dn c
89
Vtt (km/h)
xcq / n
80
80
3000
60
60
900
40
40
150
20
20
< 150
Cp hng k thut
3.4.3
ng bng
Ni
80; 60
80; 60
60
80; 60
60; 40
40; 20
40
40, 20
20
3.4.5
i t 10 n 25 %
Ni >
25%
90
3.4.6
gim tc tnh ton n tr s nh trong cng mt cp qun l ng, nhng c th khng gim
b rng mt v nn ng.
4. Mt ct ngang
4.1
Quy nh chung
n v tnh bng mt
Cp hng k thut
Cc yu t
20
40
60
80
Phn xe chy
1 3,50
2 3,00
2 3,50
2 3,50
Phn l ng
2 1,50
2 1,50
2 2,50
2 3,00
Phn c gia c
2 1, 00
2 2,00
2 2,50
6,50
9,00
12,00
13,00
B rng ti thiu ca nn ng
4.2
4.2.1
Phn xe chy
Phn xe chy gm mt s nguyn cc ln xe. Con s ny nn l s chn, tr trng hp
hai chiu xe c lng xe chnh lch ng k hoc c t chc giao thng c bit.
4.2.2
nlx
Ncgi
Z.Nlth
91
trong :
nlx
4.2.3
Chiu rng mt ln xe
4.3
Cp 60 km/h
3,50 m
Cp = 40 km/h
3,00 m
Cp = 20 km/h
L ng
4.3.1 Vi Vtt 40 km/h l ng c mt phn c gia c theo chiu rng quy nh trong bng
6.
4.3.2
92
4.3.4
ng dnh cho xe th s
Di phn cch
4.4.1 Di phn cch ca ng Vtt 80 km/h gm c phn phn cch gia v hai phn an
ton (c gia c) hai bn. Kch thc ti thiu ca di phn cch xem hnh 2 v bng 7.
Trng hp cu to
n v tnh bng mt
Phn phn
Phn an ton
cch
(gia c)
0,50
2 0,50
1,50
C va, c lp ph, c b tr tr
1,50
2 0,50
2,50
3,00
2 0,50
4,00
cng trnh
Khng c lp ph
4.4.2
Khi nn ng c tch thnh hai phn ring bit, chiu rng nn ng mt chiu gm
phn xe chy v hai l, l bn phi cu to theo bng 6, l bn tri c chiu rng l gi nguyn
nhng c gim chiu rng phn l gia c cn 0,50 m. Trn phn l gia c, st mp mt ng
vn c di dn hng rng 0,20 m.
4.4.3
Khi di phn cch rng di 3,00 m, phn phn cch phi ph mt v bao bng b va.
93
cch nhau khng di 500 m (khi di phn cch nh hn 4,5 m) v khng qu 2 km (khi
di phn cch ln hn 4,5 m).
Tnh khng
4.5.1
Tnh khng l gii hn khng gian nhm m bo lu thng cho cc loi xe. Khng cho
Trng hp giao thng xe p (hoc b hnh) c tch ring khi phn xe chy ca
ng
m, rng 1,50 m. Tnh khng ny c th i st tnh khng ca phn xe chy ca t hoc phn
cch bng di phn cch bn.
4.5.5
Vi cu ln (chiu di 100 m); chiu rng ng theo tiu chun tnh khng ca thit k cu.
Vi cu trung (chiu di < 100 m) chiu rng ng ly bng phn xe chy cng vi b rng cn
thit m bo nng lc thng hnh ngi i b v xe th s. Nhng khng rng hn b rng nn
ng.
Vi cu nh (chiu di < 25 m) chiu rng ng bng kh cu.
94
4.6
Ln ph leo dc
chiu rng ca ln ph leo dc l 3,50 m, trng hp kh khn cho php rt xung 3,00 m;
ln xe ph c th b tr:
+ i st v bn tay phi vi phn xe chy chnh, cch nhau bng di dn hng, rng
0,20 m. Pha ngoi ln ph leo dc, phn l t cn li phi c chiu rng ti thiu
0,50 m;
+ i c lp trn nn ng ring, lc phi d tr iu kin vt xe cho mt xe cht
nm trn ng.
Cc ch tiu
40
60
80
15
60
125
250
40
125
250
400
6%), m
3
95
100
200
500
1000
m
5
20
40
75
100
40
80
150
200
100
200
350
550
dc ln nht, %
200
700
2500
4000
10
100
450
1000
2000
Vtt 60 km/h gia ng thng v ng cong trn c tip ni bng ng cong chuyn tip
cltit.
5.3.2
5.3.3
khng nh hn 2V (m) gia hai ng cong ngc chiu. (V l tc tnh ton km/h).
5.3.4
Trn a hnh ni, ng c Vtt < 60 km/h khng bt buc p dng iu 5.3.3, nhng
on chm cn b tr chuyn tip cc yu t siu cao.
5.4
5.4.1
96
5.5.1
trong
bng 10.
Trng
t trc sau
hp
ca xe ti u
250
<200
< 150
<100
<70
<50
<30
<25
<20
mi xe
~200
~ 150 ~ 100
~ 70
~50
~30
~25
~20
~15
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,8
2,2
2,5
0,6
0,7
0,9
1,2
1,5
2,0
5,2 + 8,8
0,8
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Phn m rng b tr pha bng ng cong. Khi gp kh khn (th d c vch pha
bng) cho php b tr pha lng hoc b tr ng thi pha bng v pha lng.
5.5.4
5.5.5
97
dc siu cao, %
Khng lm
siu cao
80
250 275
>275 300
>300 350
>350 500
>500 1000
>1000
60
125 150
>150 175
>175 200
>200 250
>250 500
> 500
km/h
40
60 75
> 75 100
>100 200
> 200
20
14 50
> 50 100
>100
5.6.2
5.6.3
Khi c 2 phn xe chy, c th lm 2 siu cao ring bit cho 2 phn xe chy.
5.6.4
L nsc =
( B + ) i sc
in
trong :
B
isc
l dc siu cao ;
in
98
i vi ng Vtt = 20 - 40 km/h :
1% ;
i vi ng Vtt 60 km/h :
0,5%.
on ni siu cao
Trn on ni siu cao, mt ct ngang hai mi c chuyn thnh mt ct ngang c dc siu cao
bng hai bc:
Bc chun b: cc b phn bn ngoi phn xe chy (l ng) nng ln c dc bng dc phn
xe chy bng cch quay quanh mp phn xe chy.
Bc thc hin, c tin hnh bng 2 phng php :
a) quay quanh tim ng nng phn ng pha lng ng cong cho c cng dc phn
xe chy, sau tip tc quay c phn xe chy v l gia c quanh tim ng cho ti khi t
dc siu cao;
b)
quay phn ng pha lng ng cong quanh tim ng cho ti khi c mt ct ngang c
dc ngang ca phn xe chy (nh phng php a) sau quay quanh mp phn xe
chy pha bng c mt ct ngang cho ti khi t dc siu cao.
5.6.6. Khi c ng cong chuyn tip, on ni siu cao b tr trng vi ng cong chuyn tip.
Khi khng c, on ni siu cao b tr mt na ngoi ng thng v mt na nm trong ng
cong trn.
5.7
ngc li.
ng cong chuyn tip b tr trng hp vi on ni siu cao v on ni m rng phn xe
chy.
Chiu di ng cong chuyn tip Lcht khng nh hn chiu di cc on ni siu cao v ni m
rng (Lcht khng nh hn 15 m), c tnh bng mt, theo cng thc :
L cht =
Vtt3
, m
23,5 R
99
>
RL ch
R/3
C th dng ng cong parabol bc 3 hoc ng cong nhiu cung trn (cc bn knh
lin tip khng c ln hn nhau qu 2 ln) thay th ng cong cltit trong ng cong
chuyn tip.
5.8
Dc dc
n v tnh bng mt
Dc dc,
(km/h)
Tc tnh ton
20
40
100
60
80
5.8.6.
1500
1000
900
1200
1000
800
700
1000
800
600
500
800
600
400
600
400
400
Bng 13 -
Chiu di ti thiu cc on dc dc
n v tnh bng mt
80
60
40
20
200 (150)
150 (100)
100 (70)
60 (50)
50 - 35
35 - 30
30 - 25
25 - 20
20
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
ln nht , %
101
Ph lc 6
Li khng ch trc a
Li khng ch trc a trn lnh th Vit nam c chia ra cc loi li khng ch:
Trc a nh nc,
Trc a khu vc,
o v .
1. Li khng ch trc a nh nc l c s khng ch o v cc loi bn a hnh
trn ton quc v p ng yu cu ca ngnh trc a cng trnh v nghin cu khoa hc.
Li khng ch trc a nh nc bao gm : Li khng ch mt bng v li khng ch cao.
Li khng ch mt bng nh nc c thnh lp theo cc phng php : Li tam
gic dy c Kho tam gic ng chuyn ; Li tam gic o cnh hoc phi hp gia
cc phng php trn.
Li khng ch cao nh nc c thnh lp ch yu bng phng php o cao hnh
hc ly mc chun 0 - l mc nc bin trung bnh ti trm nghim triu Hn du - sn -Hi
phng.
Li khng ch mt bng v cao nh nc c chia lm bn hng : I,II,III,IV, vi cc
ch tiu chun k thut c ghi trong ph lc 6.1 v 6.2
Li khng ch mt bng nh nc
Cc yu t c
trng
1. Chiu
cnh (km)
di
2.Sai s trung
phng o gc(
Tnh theo sai s
khp tam gic
hay dng
hnh khp kn )
3. Sai s trung
phng tng
i o cnh y
4.Sai s trung
phng tng
i cnh yu
Ph lc 6.1
Li ng chuyn cc hng
I
20 - 25
II
7 - 20
III
5-8
IV
2-5
I
20 25
II
-
III
3
IV
0,25-2
0,7
1,0
1,5
2.0
0,4
1,0
1,5
2,0
1/
400000
1/
300000
1/
200000
1/
120000
102
nht .
5. Sai s trung
phng tng
i o cnh
ng chuyn
1/
300000
1/
200 000
1/
120000
1/
70 000
1/300
6.Gi tr gc
nh nht trong
tam gic
000
7. Sai s khp
gc tam gic
cho php
400
300
300
300
8. Sai s trung
phng o cc
im thin vn
Laplas
- V
- Kinh
- Phng v
3
0.3
0,45
0,5
4
0,3
0,45
0.5
8
0.3
0,45
0,5
Li khng ch cao nh nc
Cc yu t c
trng
1. Sai s trung
phng ngu
nhin trn 1 km
tuyn o
(mm)
2.Sai s h thng
trn 1 km tuyn o
(mm)
3. Sai s khp cho
php trn tuyn o
khp kn hoc ph
hp: fhcp (mm)
(L s km chiu di
tuyn o)
1/
250000
1/
200000
1/
120000
0,3
0,45
0,5
Ph lc 6.2
Li cao cc hng
II
III
IV
0,5
2,0
5,0
10,00
0,05
0,4
5 L
10 L
20 L
103
Li Trc a khu vc
Cc yu t c trng
2.
3.
Ph lc 6.3
Li tam gic gii tch
Cp 1
Cp 2
cp 1
cp 2
10
5,0
10
1/50000
1/25000
1/10000
1/5000
10n
20n
0,12 -o,8
0,08-0,35
0,3
0,2
5
3
3
2
2
15
1,5
10
1/20000
1/10000
20
40
0,5-5
0,25 - 3
Li ng chuyn
200
300
300
200
300
200
Li thu
chun k
thut
10
10
15
15
chuyn
30 L 50 L
ng chuyn kinh v
Ph lc 6.4
T l o v
Cc yu t c trng
1. Chiu di gii hn ng chuyn
(km)
- khu vc xy dng
- khu vc khng xy dng
2. Sai s trung phng tng i o
cnh
3. Sai s trung phng o gc
4.Sai s khp gc cho php
1/5000
1/1000
1/2000
1/5000
0,8
1,2
1/2000
1,2
1,8
1/2000
2
3
1/2000
4
6
1/2000
30
1,5 n
30
1,5 n
30
1,5 n
30
1,5 n
105
Li tam gic nh
Ph lc 6.5
T l o v
Cc yu t c trng
1. S tam gic ti a gia hai cnh
y
2. Cnh tam gic ngn nht (m)
3. Gc tam gic nh nht
4. Gc tam gic ln nht
5. Sai s trung phng o gc
6. Sai s khp gc cho php tam
gic
7. Sai s trung phuong tng i o
cnh y
8. Sai s trung phng tng i
cnh yu nht
1/500
10
1/1000
15
1/2000
17
1/5000
20
150
300
1200
30
1,5
150
300
1200
30
1,5
150
300
1200
30
1,5
150
300
1200
30
1,5
1/5000
1/5000
1/5000
1/5000
1/2000
1/2000
1/2000
1/2000
mc lc
+ Phn th nht: Qui nh chung .......................................................................... 1
- Chng mt - Mc ch, nhim v cc giai on kho st ng t. ..................... 1
+ Phn th hai: kho st lp bo co NCTKT .............................................. 3
- Chng hai - Kho st tuyn ......................................................................................... 3
A: Chun b trong Phng .......................................................................................... 4
B Th st v o c ngoi thc a .............................................................................. 4
Chng ba - Kho st thu vn ......................................................................................... 5
A: Yu cu kho st thu vn i vi tuyn ng ................................................. 5
B: Yu cu kho st thu vn i vi cng trnh thot nc nh................................ 6
Chng bn - Kho st a cht cng trnh .................................................................... 7
Chng nm - iu tra kinh t ....................................................................................... 7
Chng su - Kho st mi trng ............................................................................. 8
+ Phn th ba: Kho st lp bo co NCKT ................................................ 9
Chng by - Kho tuyn ................................................................................................. 9
A: Chun b trong Phng ....................................................................................... 10
B: Th st v o c ngoi thc a (v tuyn) ......................................................... 13
C: Kho st cng trnh............................................................................................ 17
D: Ti liu phi cung cp........................................................................................ 17
Chng tm - Kho st thu vn
.............................................................................. 18
A: Kho st thu vn dc tuyn ng .................................................................... 18
B: i vi cng trnh thot nc nh ...................................................................... 19
106
107
30
30
30
31
33
36
38
39
40
41
42
43
43
45
45
46
46
46
46
47
47
48
48
50
50
50
51
50
50
51
52
53
54
55
55
55
56
56
58
58
59
60
60
61
61
Ph lc 1: Quy nh v cc .................................................................................
Ph lc 2: Quy nh v cng tc bo v ng b .....................................
Ph lc 3: Cc biu mu hng dn v thu vn .........................................
Ph lc 3.1: V d bo co tnh hnh sng .............................................................
Ph lc 3.2 : Mu iu tra mc nc ....................................................................
Ph lc 3.3 : Mu iu tra c trng a mo, a hnh lng sui ..........................
Ph lc 3.4 : Mu iu tra c trng a mo a hnh khu vc .............................
Ph lc 3.5 : Cc bng xc nh c trng a cht v a mo lu vc ...............
Ph lc 3.6 : Xc nh lu lng theo phng php hnh thi ................................
Ph lc 4 : Cc nh ngha, gii thch v cng tc KS CCT .....................
Ph lc 4.1 : Ni dung v nhim v kho st CCT .............................................
Ph lc 4.2 : Phn loi t c hu c v bn ......................................................
Ph lc 4.3. : Phn loi trng thi ca t ........................................................
Ph lc 4.4 : Xc nh trng thi ca t ti hin trng .......................................
Ph lc 4.5 : Phn cp t theo l khoan .........................................................
Ph lc 4.6 : Gi tr tiu chun C, , ca t loa ct.............................................
Ph lc 4.7 : p lc tiu chun trn t nn...........................................................
Ph lc 4.9 : nh gi cc khu vc xy dng theo mc
phc tp ca iu kin CCT ..........
Ph lc 5 : Trch dn tiu chun vit nam
tcvn4054-98 " ng t - yu cu thit k " ....
62
63
65
65
67
69
70
71
73
77
77
79
79
81
83
86
87
108
89
90
109