a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃

Ckvem-an¬

F.-sI. t{_mln

hnh¿Ø\w
F.-]n. Ip™map

Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv

tImgn-t°m-Sv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, Xriq¿

F.sI. t{_mln (1915˛1987)
temI-{]-ikvX A`n-`m-j-I\pw \nb-a-hn-Z-Kv[-\p-amb F.-sI.
t{_mln ]mIn-ÿm≥ Kh¨sa‚n¬ a{¥n-ÿm-\-a-S°w \nc-
h[n HutZym-KnI ]Z-hn-Iƒ hln-®n-´p-≠v. P\-d¬ knbm-hp¬
lJns‚ `c-W-Im-eØv Jp¿-B≥-˛imkv{X ka-\z-b-Øn\p-
th≠n \ne-sIm≠ Hcp ]pXnb `c-W-h¿K-Øns‚ {][m\
h‡m-hm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. hnhn[ skan-\m-dp-I-fnepw ktΩ-
f-\-ß-fnepw \S-Ønb At±-l-Øns‚ Ht´sd apJy{]`m-j-W-
߃ ]pkvX-I-ß-fm-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Ckvemw C≥ tamtU¨
thƒUv, G s^bvØv Sp enhv ss_, AUzt©¿kv C≥
sk¬^v FIvkv{]-j≥ F∂nh Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.
BapJw
Ckvem-an¬ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Fßs\ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw
sNømw F∂-Xp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]iv\-ßsf t\cn´v _m[n-°p∂ \nb-a-k-¶-ev]-
ß-sf-°p-dn® ]T\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n, Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øns‚ kz`m-hw,
{]h¿Ø-\-߃, hym]vXn F∂nh Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Hcp {ia-amWv CXv. a\p-
jym-h-Imi k¶-ev]-߃ hy‡-am-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI \nb-a-imkv{Xw
\evInb kw`m-h-\-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Hcmƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS
km¿h-eu-InI aX-amWv Ckvemw F∂ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ckvemw
\ho-\tam hnπ-hm-fl-Itam Bb Hcp kn≤m-¥-am-sW∂v Hcn-°epw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-
∂n√; ]Icw ]≠p apXte \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-∂n-cp-∂, a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS aX-]m-c-ºcyw
ho≠p-ap-d-∏n-°pI F∂ \ne-°p≈ hy‡-amb Hcp \ne-]m-SmWv AsX-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-
Xv. a\p-jy\v {]]-©-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-sØ-°p-dn®pw a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-bpsS Dt±-iy-sØ-
°p-dn®pw a\-€n-em-°p-hm-\p≈ GIm-h-ew_w ssZhm-kvXn-Xz-am-sW∂ \ne-]mSv
Ckvemw ]pe¿Øp-∂p. B A¿Y-Øn¬ Ckvem-ans‚ ]cn-t{]£yw ]q¿W-ambpw
ssZh-Øn¬ tI{µo-Ir-X-am-Wv.
Cu {]_‘w aq∂v {][m\ `mK-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. BZy-`mKw Ckvem-
anI \nb-a-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ Dd-hn-S-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw {]Xn-]m-Zn-
°p-Ibpw ss{IkvX-h-˛-b-lqZ ]mc-º-cy-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬- A-Xns‚ XØz-
ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Jp¿-B\pw kp∂-
Øpw B[p-\nI ]m›m-Xy-]fin-X¿ Fßs\ t\m°n-°≠p F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v
c≠mw `mKw Iptd-°qSn hy‡-ambn ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm\ {]am-
W-ß-fm-b, Jp¿-Bs‚ ssZh-h-N-\-sa∂ \ne-°p≈ auen-I-X-sb-°p-dn®pw lZo-
kns‚ hnizm-ky-X-sb-°p-dn®pw ]m›mXy ]-WvUn-X¿ ASn-ÿm-\-sam∂pw IqSmsX
Xs∂ ]q¿W-ambpw \ntj-[m-fl-I-a-s√-∂m¬t]mepw tZmssjI Z¿i-\-Øn-eq∂n
\n∂p-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp \ne-]m-Sm-sW-Sp-Øn-´p-≈Xv F∂v hy‡-am-°m-\p≈ Hcp {iaw
Chn-sS-bp-≠v. aq∂mw `mK-Øn¬ Ckvem-anse \oXn k¶-ev]-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Jp¿-
B\pw \_n-N-cybpw AXn\p \¬Inb aqey-sØ-°p-dn®pw Cu hnim-e-amb \oXn-k-
¶ev]w a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ \nb-a-imkv{X kn≤m-¥-߃°v Fs¥-√mw
kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬In F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw Ah-bpsS D≈-S-°w, A¿Yw, hym]vXn,
hnizm-kn-Isf kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw Ah-°p≈ ]hn-{XX F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®pw hni-
Z-amb N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂p.
4 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
F.sI.t{_mln (1915˛1987)
A`n-`m-j-I\pw \nb-a-hn-Z-Kv[-\p-amb F.-sI. t{_mln
]mIn-ÿm≥ Kh¨sa‚ n¬ a{¥n-ÿm-\-a-S°w \nc-h[n
HutZym-KnI ]Z-hn-Iƒ hln-®n-´p-≠v. P\-d¬ knbm-hp¬
lJns‚ `c- W - I m- e Øv Jp¿- B ≥- ˛ imkv { X ka- \ z- b -
Øn\pth≠n \ne-sIm≠ Hcp ]pXnb `c-W-h¿K-Øns‚
{][m\ h‡m-hm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. hnhn[ skan-\m-dp-If- nepw
ktΩ-f-\-ß-fnepw \S-Ønb At±-l-Øns‚ Ht´sd {]`m-j-
W-߃ ]pkvXI - ß
- f- m-°s- ∏-´n-´p-≠v. Ckvemw C≥ tamtU¨
thƒUv , G s^bv Ø v Sp enhv ss_, AUz- - t ©¿kv
C≥ sk¬^v FIvkv{]-j≥ F∂nh Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 5
Ckvem-an-I-\n-b-a-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw
a\p-jym-h-Imi k¶-ev]hpw
FgpØpw hmb-\bpw hi-an-√m-Ø-h¿(DΩnøv)°nS-bn¬ \n∂v Ckvem-
ans‚ {]hm-N-I≥ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]n-°-s∏´p F∂mWv Jp¿-B≥ ]d-
bp-∂Xv. hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cmb a°-°m-tcmSv ssZhn-I-k-tµiw {]t_m-
[\w sNøm-\p≈ Blzm\w {]hm-N-I\v Xs‚ \mev]-Xm-asØ hb-
€n¬ e`n®p. \K-c-Ønse P\X apJy-ambpw _nw_m-cm-[-I-cmb _lp-
ssZhhnizm-kn-Iƒ Bbn-cp∂p. Ah¿°v ]pdsa Ipd®v blq-Zcpw
{InkvXym-\n-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. F∂mepw Ad-_n-Iƒ GXm-s≠-√m-
hcpw hn{K-lm-cm-[-I¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p. Xß-fpsS {]hm-N-I-cn¬\n∂v
e`n-®h F∂v blq-Zcpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw AhIm-i-s∏-´n-cp∂ \nb-a-
߃ A∂v \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, Ah-sb√mw adn-I-S-∂p-
sIm≠v A°m-esØ Atd-_y-bn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-
cpsS {]h¿Ø\ coXn-I-fn¬\n-∂pZv`-hn® tKm{X-\n-b-a-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p
hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Ønepw s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Ønepw {][m\w. Atd-_y-bnse
P\-߃ A°m-eØv apJy-ambpw c≠p hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p˛
acp-`q-an-bn¬ Ign-bp-∂-hcpw \K-c-hm-kn-Ifpw. Ah¿ tKm{X-ßfpw D]-
tKm-{X-ßfpw h¿K-ßfpw IpSpw-_-ß-fp-am-bn-∏n-cn™p. B{I-an-°m\pw
{]Xn-tcm-[n-°m\pw th≠n Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw G‰p-ap-´n-bn-cp∂p. ]e-
t∏mgpw ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln®p. c‡-s®m-cn-®nepw IpSn-∏-Ibpw {]Xn-Im-
c-Zm-lhpw Xncn-®-Sn-I-fp-sa√mw B Ime-L-´-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-I-fm-bn-
cp∂p. hy‡n°v bmsXm- c p- h n[ Ah- I m- i - ß - f p- a p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ n√.
Xm\pƒs°m-≈p∂ tKm{X-Øn¬\n∂v Abmƒ i‡n Dƒs°m≠p. Cu
tKm{X-ß-fm-Is´ Xß-fpsS Xm¬]-cy߃ kwc-£n-°m≥ th≠n kpc-
£n-XXz DS-º-Sn-I-fn-te¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
acp-`q-an-bnse Ad-_n-Iƒ Adn-b-s∏-´Xv _Z-hn-I-sf-∂mWv. Ch¿
6 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
`£-Whpw ]m¿∏n-Shpw tXSn Hcp ÿe-Øp-\n∂v as‰mcp ÿe-
tØ°v Xß-fpsS Xmhfw am‰n-s°m≠v \nc-¥-c-ambn Ae-™p-\-S-
°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Xnc-t°-dnb hym]m-c-tI-{µ-ß-fmb a°-bnepw aZo-
\-bnepw a‰p {]apJ \K-c-ß-fnepw Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Bfp-Iƒ Xmc-X-
tay\ AS-ßn-sbm-Xp-ßn-°-gn-™-h-cm-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cn¬ `qcn-]-£hpw
hn{K-lm-cm-[-Icpw F√m hn[-Øn-ep≈ A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw
A\m-Nm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-a-I-fp-am-bn-cp∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ ]mf-b-Øn-
te°v {]th-in-°m≥ `mKy-ap-≠mb Ad-_n-Iƒ Xß-fpsS PohnXw
BI-∏msS ]cn-h¿Ø\ hnt[-b-am-bn-°≠p. Ckvem-ans‚ BK-a-\-
Øn-\p- ap-ºp≈ Ime-L-´sØ "A‘-Im-c-Øns‚ Zn\-߃' F∂p
hnfn-°m≥ am{Xw {]tNm-Z-I-am-bn-cp∂p Ahsc kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw
Cu am‰w.
Ckvemw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv AXv ap≥Ime ssZhnI shfn-]m-
Sp-Iƒ ho≠pw ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°p∂p F∂mWv. C_vdmlow \_n-
bpsS aX-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-ambn Ckvemw kzbw IcpXn. ap≥Im-
esØ Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-Isf ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ Hcp {KŸ-amWv F∂v
Jp¿-B≥ kzbw hnti-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw {InkvXym-\n-I-sfbpw blq-Z-
∑m- s cbpw "thZ- Ø ns‚ Bfp- I ƒ' F∂v hnfn- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p.
Ckvem-anI cmjv{Sob kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ Ah¿s°mcp {]tXy-I-]-Zhn
A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. A{X-tØmfw Jp¿-B≥
ap≥Ime ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ßsf Xncp-Øn-°p-dn-°p-Itbm ewLn-°p-
Itbm sNbvXn-´n-s√∂p ]dbmw. Ckvemw sNbvXXv F¥m-sW-∂m¬,
Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ icn-bmb hnizmkw, icn-bmb s]cp-am-‰-co-Xn-Iƒ
F∂ B ]gb XØz-ap-≠t√m, AXn¬ hyXym-k-߃ hcp-Øp-I-
bm-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, AtX Ah-k-c-Øn¬Øs∂ ssZh-tØm-Sp-Iq-
Snb B aXsØ hn´p- h o- g v N - b n- √ m- s X- Ø s∂ Ckv e m- a mbpw, B
km¿h{XnI aX-Øns‚ {]hm-N-Isc apgp-h\pw apkvenw-I-fmbpw
IcpXn. Cu {]hm-N-I-cn¬ Nne-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ Jp¿-B-\n¬ kqNn-∏n-
®n-´p≠v. Nne-cp-tSXv ]d-™n-´n√. F√m aX-X-Øz-ß-fp-sSbpw A¥-
€Ø H∂pXs∂-bm-sW∂v aX-ß-fpsS Ncn{Xw hy‡-am-°p∂p. Ah
hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cp∂ ico-AØpw (\nbaw) an≥lmPpw (am¿Kw) amdn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ kml-N-cy-߃°-\p-k-cn®v hyXym-k-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°p-sa-¶nepw Ncn-{X-Ønse Hmtcm hyXn-cn‡ Ime-L-´-Øn\pw
hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb `mK-t[-b-ß-fm-Wt√m D≈Xv.
A{_-lm-an-s‚bpw tamsi-bp-sSbpw \nb-a-ß-fnepw {InkvXo-b-
th-Z-ß-fnepw Ckvem-anI \nb-a-ß-fnepw ]e hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw
kam-¥-c-tc-J-Iƒ hc-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Exodus-˛se {]i-
kvX-amb 22˛mw A[ymbw 23,24 hcn-I-fn¬ D≈ ""Poh-\p -Po-h≥, IÆn\v
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 7
IÆv, ]√n\p ]√v, ssI°v ssI, Imen\v Imev'' F∂ `mKw Jp¿-B-
\nse 5-˛mw A[ymbw 45˛-mw kq‡-Øn¬ Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.*
{Inan-\¬ Ip‰-߃°v am∏v \evIm-\p≈ hIp∏v IqSn Jp¿-B≥ Iq´n-
t®¿Øn-´p-s≠∂v ChnsS \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbpw. Rm≥ a\-€n-em-
°n-tb-S-tØmfw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈ Ip‰-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈
\nbaw am∏p \¬Im-\p≈ Cu \nb-a-]-c-amb AwisØ Fhn-sSbpw
AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂n√. c‡-_‘w ImcWw hnhmlw
\ntcm-[n-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS ]´nI hy‡-am-°n-b-Xnepw Nn√d hyXym-k-ß-
tfmsS Cu kam-\X Z¿in-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.
Jp¿-B≥ Ah-Xo¿W-am-hp-∂-Xn\p apºv \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ \nb-a-߃
]d-™p-d-∏n-°m-\p≈ Cu {iaw Ckvem-ans‚ BK-a-\-Øn-\p- ap-ºp-
≠m-bn-cp∂ P\-ß-fpsS s]cp-am-‰-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]c-º-cm-KX \nb-a-
ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fhpw icn-bmWv. ChnsS \nK-an-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv
Cu BNm-c-co-Xn-Iƒ Jp¿-B-\n-s‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw hm°p-I-fp-
amtbm ssNX-\y-hp-amtbm kwL-´-\-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm-tØ-S-tØmfw Imew
Ckvem-an\p apºp≈ Ime-L-´-Ønse s]cp-am-‰-co-Xn-I-fn¬ {]Xn-^-
en-°-s∏-Sp∂ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ Xs∂ XpScmw F∂mWv. CtX-°p-
dn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ Jp¿B≥ hN-\-Øn¬ aA-vdq^v, ap≥I¿ F∂o-
hm-°p-Iƒ \∑, Xn∑ F∂o A¿Y-ß-fn-emWv {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-
∂Xv. F∂m¬, A£-cm¿Y-Øn¬ aA-vdq^v F∂p ]d-™m¬ \∂mbn
Adn-b-s∏-´Xv, kmam-\y-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´Xv Fs∂m-s°-bmWv.
ap≥I¿ AXn\v t\sc hn]-co-Xhpw. AXm-bXv Adn-bs - ∏-Sm-ØXv, AwKo-
I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-ØXv Fs∂√mw. \√-Xmbn Adn-b-s∏-´-sXms° \S-∏n¬
hcp-Øp-Ibpw \√-Xmbn A{X-Xs∂ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-ØXv Dt]-£n-
°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp≠v. Cu ho£-WsØ ]n¥m-ßp∂ as‰mcp
LSIw IqSn-bp≠v Ckvem-an¬. hne-°-s∏-´n-´n-√m-Ø-sX√mw A\p-h-Z-
\o-b-amsW∂XmWv AXv.
BNm-ctam ]c-º-cm-KX k{º-Zm-btam \n¿Wm-b-I-am-sW∂ A`n-
{]m-bhpw Ckvem-anI ]fin-X-∑m¿°p≠v. km[p-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Cu
am\-Z-fi-ß-sf√mw hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv F√m-‰n-s\bpw BZyw Xs∂ IS-
]p-g-°n-sb-dn-bp-Ibpw XZvÿm-\Øv ]pXnb s]cp-am-‰-®-´-߃ sIm≠p-
h-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp hnπ-hm-flI kn≤m-¥-a√ Ckvemw F∂mWv.
ssk≤m-¥n-I-X-e-Øn¬ Ckvem-ans‚ ]c-a-amb kz`m-hw-t]mepw {Iam-
* ""Poh\p Poh≥, IÆn\p IÆv, aq°n\p aq°v, sNhn°p sNhn, ]√n\p ]√v, ]cn-°p-
Iƒs°√mw XØp-ey-amb {]Xn-{Inb F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ \nb-a-߃ PqX≥am-cpsS
ta¬ Xudm-Øn¬ \mw \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. F∂m¬, h√-h\pw {]Xn-{Inb am∏p
sNøp-∂-]£w AX-h-s∂mcp {]mb-›n-Ø-amWv. B¿ A√mlp Ah-X-cn-∏n® \nb-
a-Øn-s\mØv hn[n-°p-∂n-√tbm Ah-cmWv A{I-an-Iƒ.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 5: 45)
8 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
\p-K-X-amWv. Znhy-t_m-[-\-sa∂ {]{Inb {]hm-N-Is‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬
\o≠ Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂v h¿j-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv kw`-hn-®n-´p-≈Xv. hy‡n-
Po-hn-X-Øns‚ [m¿an-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb ]p\¿\n¿am-W-Ønepw
kaq-l-Øns‚ hf¿®-bn-ep-aq-∂n-s°m-≠p≈ ]ptcm-K-a-\-£-a-sa-¶nepw
{Iam-\p-K-X-amb Hcp ]≤-Xn-bmWv Ckvemw F∂v Jp¿-B-\nI shfn-
]m-Sp-I-fpsS {Iaw kq£va-ambn ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v hy‡-amhpw.
Ckvem-anI \nbaw ]mh-\-amb \nb-a-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb Nn{Xo-I-c-
W-amWv. AXn-\m¬, aX-\n-c-t]£ kaq-l-Ønepw `uXnI XØz-im-
kv{X-ß-fnepw hf¿Ø-s∏´ Hcp ]m›m-Xy-]-fin-X\v Hcn-°epw hnizm-
kn-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ AXn-\p≈ ÿm\-sØ-°p-dn®v a\-€n-em-°p-
hm≥ km[y-am-hp-I-bn√. XpS-°-Øn¬Øs∂ H∂v ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-
°p∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ s]cp-am-‰-Øns‚ \nb-
a-]-c-amb ASn-ÿm-\-Øn\pw aX-]-c-amb ASn-ÿm-\-Øn\pw Htc Dd-
hn-S-am-Wp-≈Xv. Htc e£yhpw kΩ-Xn-bp-am-W-h°v. AXm-bXv, ap\n-
kn-∏¬ \nb-atam s]mXp-\n-b-atam A¥¿tZ-iob \nb-atam hymJym-
\n-°p∂ Hcp apkvenw \nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄s\ ImWp-tºmƒ \n߃
a\-€n-em-t°-≠Xv B kabw At±lw Hcp {]m]-©nI aX-Øns‚
ka-{K-]-≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn AXns\ Dƒs°m-≈p∂p F∂mWv. apl-
Ω-Zv\_n Xt±-i-`-c-W-Iq-S-߃t°m Xs‚ ImesØ Ad-_n-Iƒt°m
th≠n am{Xw {]N-cn-∏n® Hcp aX-a√ Ckvemw. a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-
∂m-I-am\w am¿K-\n¿tZiw \evIp-hm-\mWv \_n B al-Ømb I¿a-
Øn-te¿s∏-´Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn-se-∂-t]mse, Hcp hnizm-
kn- b psS Pohn- X - Ø nepw F√m I¿a- ß fpw temI- \ n- b ¥m- h ns‚
{]oXnsb e£ywsh®p-sIm-≠p-≈-XmWv. Jp¿-B-\n¬ \_n-bm¬ D®-
cn- ° - s ∏´ hN\w Hmtcm hnizm- k nbpw Xs‚ \a- k v I m- c - ß - f n¬
Bh¿Øn-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-bn-cn-°p∂p.* Ckvem-an¬ `uXn-Ihpw
Bflo-bhpw XΩntem ]hn-{Xhpw Aip-≤hpw XΩntem bmsXmcp
hyXym-k-hp-an√. Fhn-sSbpw ]cn-ip≤ `qan-bmWv. `qan apgp-h\pw hnizm-
kn-bpsS \a-kvIm-c-∏m-b-bmWv. X\n-°n-jvS-s∏-Sp∂ ÿe-Øp-sh®v
Ah\v ssZhsØ {]W-an-°p-Ibpw {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNømw. B A¿Y-
Øn¬ Ckvemw-a-Xhpw AXns‚ \nb-a-kw-ln-Xbpw c≠pw c≠√. adn®v,
hy‡-amb H∂ns‚ c≠p hi-ß-fmWv˛Hcp hiw AI-tØm´v Ipgn-
™Xpw adp-hiw ]pd-tØ°v X≈n-b-Xp-amb Hcp ]cn-N-t]mse. c≠m-
a-Xmbn ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øns‚ AwKo-Imcw Ahs‚ k¿h-
hym-]n-bmb km∂n-[y-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Bcw-`n-°p∂p.
* ""]d-bpI, \n›-b-ambpw Fs‚ \a-kvIm-chpw Fs‚ Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßfpw Fs‚
Pohn-Xhpw Fs‚ ac-W-hp-sa√mw k¿h-temI \mY-\mb A√m-lp-hn\p th≠n-bm-
Ip∂p. Ah∂v bmsXmcp ]¶p-Im-cp-an√. AXs{X Ft∂mSv B⁄m-]n-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xv. B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-I-fn¬ H∂m-a-\mWv Rm≥.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 6: 162, 163)
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 9
Bflm¿Y-X-bp≈ Hcp hnizmkn F√m t\cØpw kzbw ImWp∂p.
Xs‚ F√m I¿a-ßfpw F√mw ImWp∂ {kjvSm-hns‚ Iogn-em-sW∂
ho£Ww ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. B {kjvSm-hn-te°v Xs∂-bmWv
Abmƒ Ah-km\w Xncn-®p-sN-t√-≠Xpw, Xs‚ \mYs\ tkhn-°m≥
PohnXw \evInb Ah-k-c-߃ Fßs\ hn\n-tbm-Kn®p F∂-Xn-s\-
°p-dn-®p≈ IW-°p-Iƒ ka¿∏n-t°-≠Xpw. Jp¿-B-\-\p-k-cn®v, a\p-
jy-{]-IrXn \n¿W-bn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xv ssZhn-I-im-k-\-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥
]mI-Øn-emWv. Xo¿®-bmbpw Aßs\ sNøm-\p≈ Xzc a\p-jym-kvXn-
Xz-Øns‚ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬Øs∂ Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. a\p-jys\ _m[n-
°p∂ \nb-a-߃ \n¿an-°m-\p≈ ]c-am-[n-Imcw ssZh-Øn-∂mWv.
ImcWw, {kjvSm-sh∂ \ne°v a\p-jys‚ I¿a-Ønepw AI¿a-Wy-
X-bn-ep-ap≈ Xm¬]-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ah\v am{Xta Adn-™p-IqSq.
ssZh-Øm¬ \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-´Xpw {]hm-N-I-cpsS Acp-f-∏m-Sp-I-fn-eqsS
a\p-jy-cn-se-Øn-t®¿∂-Xp-a-√mØ F√m a\p-jy-\n¿anX \nb-a-ßfpw'
Hc-ta-cn-°≥ \ymbm-[n-]≥ as‰mcp kµ¿`-Øn¬ ]d-™-t]mse "Hcp
Znh-ksØ bm{X°v am{X-ap-]-I-cn-°p∂ sdbn¬th Sn°‰v t]mse'
bmWv. ssZhnI\nbaw Cu sshI-ey-Øn¬\n∂v Xo¿Øpw ap‡-amWv.
bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw Ne-\-Øn-s‚bpw i‡n-Iƒ XΩn¬ a\p-
jy-Po-hnXw `{Z-ambn _‘n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°-bm¬ a\p-jy\v ]cn-an-X-amb
tXmXn¬ hnth-N\ _p≤n \evI-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. CXn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂p-
sIm≠v Ah\v \nb-a-\n¿am-W-߃ \SØmw. Ckvem-an\p apºv, ]e
{]hm-NI shfn-]m-Sp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Ah-Xo¿W-amb \nb-a-߃ am‰nadn-
°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠∂pw Cu \nb-a-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm\w, AYhm ]c-a-amb
\nb-aw-t]mepw aX-\n-b-a-ß-fpsS kq£n-∏p-Im-sc-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm¬
Xncp- Ø - s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- s ≠- ∂ p- a mWv Jp¿- B - \ ns‚ \nK- a \w. tcJ- I ƒ
Ah{Iam°n F∂pw shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ C\n-sbm∂v Bh-iy-an-√mØ hn[-
Øn¬ ]q¿W-am°n F∂pw Ckvemw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂p. aq∂m-a-Xmbn,
Ckvem-anse GI \nb-a-\n¿am-Xmhv A√m-lp-hmWv. Jeo-^-Øp¬
A¿Zv F∂ \ne°v Ah≥ a\p- j y\v , Nne ]cn- a n- X n- I ƒ°p- ≈ n-
semXpßn \n∂p-sIm-≠p≈ \nba\n¿am-W-Øn\v A[n-Imcw \¬In-
bn-cn-°-bmWv. Cu ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°p-≈n-sem-Xpßn\n∂p-sIm≠v A\p-
tbm-Py-cmb Bfp-I-fm-emWv Cu \nb-a-\n¿am-W-߃ \S-Øp-∂-sX-
¶n¬ Ah°v ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ß-fpsS ÿm\w e`n°pw. AXv B \ne-
bn¬ A\p-kc - n-t°-≠X - pap≠v. \nb-\n¿am-Wß - f
- psS Dd-hn-SsØ kmt¶-
Xn-Im¿Y-Øn¬ hnfn-°p-∂Xv "CPvam-Av' F∂mWv. ]t£, \ΩpsS Ime-
L-´-Øn¬ Cu A[n-Imcw tUm. A√mam CJv_m-ens‚ A`n-{]m-b-{]-
Imcw Hcp Iq´mb CPvXn-lm-Zns‚ `mK-sa-t∂mWw Hcm-[p-\nI \nb-a-
\n¿amW k`°v D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-XmWv. Cu \nb-a-Øns‚ `c-
10 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
WL-S-\m-]-c-amb ÿm\-sØ-°p-dn®v A_vZp¿dlow Xs‚ {]i-kvX-
amb "Muhammadan Jurisprudence' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:
""Cßs\ \n¿W-bn-°-s∏´ \nb-a-߃ ssZhw Dt±-in-®h Xs∂-
bm- s W∂v \nK- a n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p∂p. Bb- X n- \ m¬ Ah ssZh-
Øn¬\n∂p≈ ktµiw F∂ \nb-a-Øns‚ \n¿h-N-\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-
Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. \nb-a-ß-fpsS Cu t{kmX-€ns\ CPvam-Av
AYhm A`n-{]m-b-ß-fpsS GIo-`mhw F∂v hnfn-°p∂p. F∂m¬,
XØz-ß-fpsS I¿i-\-amb ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp k`-bn¬ h¿Øn-
°p∂ \nb-a-]-fin-X-∑m¿ \nb-a-ßsf hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI am{Xta sNøp-
∂p-≈q-sh-¶nepw Aßs\ Ah¿ \n¿W-bn-°p∂ \nb-a-߃°v H´p-
ap-°mepw \nb-a-\n¿am-W-]-c-amb A[n-\n-b-a-Øns‚ kz`m-h-ß-fp≠v.
Ah-bpsS km[yX tNmZyw sNøm-hp-∂-X√. AXns\ ]n¥p-W-°p∂
Imc-W-ß-ƒ Ahsb Hcn-°epw _m[n-°p-∂p-an√. {]kvXpX \nb-a-
߃ Jp¿- B - s ‚bpw lZo- k n- s ‚bpw XØz- ß ƒ°- \ p- k r- X - a mWv
F∂p≈ \nK-a\w \n¿Wm-b-I-amWv. AXn-\m¬, Hcn-°epw Ahsb
Ah-Xo¿W \nb-a-߃°v hncp≤w F∂ ImcWw ]d™v Akm-[p-
hm-°m\pw km[y-a√. apPvX-ln-Zp-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn® Hcp \nb-asØ CØ-
c-samcp k`-bpsS \n¿tZi-{]-Imcw ]n¬°m-eØv am‰m-hp-∂-XmWv.
AXm-bXv, apkvenw \nb-a-imkv{Xw CØ-c-samcp k`-bn¬ h¿Øn-°p∂
\nb-a-]-fin-X-∑m¿°p≈ \nba\n¿am-Wm-[n-Im-csØ hI-sh®p sImSp-
°p∂p F∂v ]d- b p- ∂ Xv icn- b m- b n- c n°pw. AØ- c - s am- c - [ n- I mcw,
ssZhnI \n¿am-Xm-hn¬ \n∂v e`n-®-Xm-sW-¶n¬t∏mepw {]mtbm-KnI
Xe-Øn¬ AXn-cn-√m-Ø-XmWv. Ckvemw-aXw \_n-bpsS hntbm-Kt- ijw
ho≠pw Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ°p≈ km[y-X-Isf AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-Xn-
\m¬ apkvenw k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ \nb-a-\n¿am-W-Øn\v CØcw CPvam-
C\v am{X-amWv Ct∏mƒ A[n-Im-c-ap-≈Xv.
Aßs\ Ckvemw Hcp Jp¿-B-\nI N´-°qSv A\p-h-Zn-®p-X-cp∂p.
Cu N´-°q-´n-\p-≈n¬ ÿnc-amb Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øn\v a\p-jy-
\n¿anX \nb-a-ß-fp-ambn kl-h¿ØnXzw km[y-amWv; ssZhnI \nba
\n¿am-Xmhv \n¿W-bn® k{º-Zm-b-ß-fp-ambpw AXn¿h-c-ºp-I-fp-ambpw
Ah tbmPn®pt]mI-W-sa∂p am{Xw. kaqlw ÿnchpw Ne-\m-fl-I-
hp-amb s]cp-am‰ coXn-I-fm¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-I-bm¬ Ckvemapw amdn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ kmaqlnI ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ°pw Jp¿-B-\nepw {]hm-
NINcy-bnepw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n-´p≈ am‰-an-√mØ XØz-߃°pw
AXns‚ Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn¬ ÿm\w Iev]n-®n-´p≠v.
Ckvem-anI \nbaw Pohn-X-tØmfw hnim-e-amWv. Pohn-X-sa∂ ]Zw-
sIm≠v hnh-£n-°p-∂Xv \mw ImWp-∂tXm A\p-`-hn-°p-∂tXm Bb
shdpw C∂sØ Pohn-X-a√. Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]-\-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v \ap-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 11
°p-th≠n ssZh-Øm¬ \n¿W-bn-°-s∏´ Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰pI hgn
\nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta ac-Wm-\-¥c PohnXw \Ωp-tS-Xm-Ip-
∂p≈q. Cu PohnXw Jp¿-B≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂ \mw
Adn-bp∂ Pohn-X-sØ-°mƒ DØ-ahpw imiz-X-hp-amWv. Cu Xc-Øn-
ep≈ PohnX-sØ-°qSn Pohn-X-sa∂ ]Zw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p.
Ckvemw hnhn[ am‰-ß-fp≈ Hcp aX-amWv. AXv \nb-a-amWv,
kwkvIm-c-amWv, AsXmcp A`u-anI kn≤m¥w IqSn-bmWv . Cu
kn≤m¥w a\p-jy\v th≠n Hcp ]cn-t{]£yw krjvSn-°p∂p. Cu
ImgvN-∏m-S-\p-k-cn-®mWv Ah≥ Ah-km-\w-hsc Xs‚ krjvSn {]Xn-
^-en-∏n-°p∂ ssZhn-tIm-t±iyw \nd-th-‰-s∏-Sp-hm≥ th≠n Xs‚ I¿a-
߃ A\p-jvTn-t°-≠Xv.
Ckvemw kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bn-emWv
sI´n-s∏m-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv. ]t£, AXns‚ FSp∏v \nb-a-Øns‚ i‡n
IqSn tN¿Øp-d-∏n-®-XmWv. Xo¿®-bmbpw Ckvemw ssZhn-tIm-t±-iy-Øn-
\p≈ Iogvs∏-S-embn hymJym-\n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv
ssZhnI\nb-ahpw. \nbaw ]Tn-t°-≠Xv AXn-\m¬ hnizm-kn-bpsS
{]mY-anI Npa-X-e-bmWv. ImcWw, Ckvem-anI \nbaw bm{¥n-I-ambn
A\p-k-cn-t°≠ H∂√, adn®v A¿Y-]q¿W-ambn, AXm-bXv t_m[-
]q¿hw A\p-k-cn-t°≠ H∂mWv. Ckvem-an¬ I¿aw sNøp∂ BfpsS
a\-€m-£n-bpsS t_m[-]q¿h-amb Xocp-am-\tam Dt±-iytam C√msX
Hcp I¿ahpw aX-Im-gvN-∏m-Sn¬ kzoIm-cy-a√. F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw
Dt±-iy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.
\nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-°mt\m ssZthO°v hg-ßmt\m D≈ _m[yX Jp¿-
B-\n¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p≈ Hcp ]pcm-X-\-amb Icm-dn¬\n∂v Bcw-`n-°p∂p.
(AXm-bXv, a\p-jys\ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ifn-a-Æn¬ Ah∂v Poh-
\q-Xp-∂-Xn\pw apºv ssZhw tNmZn®p: ""Rm≥ \ns‚ \mY-\-√tbm?''
At∏mƒ Bflmhv adp-]Sn ]d™p: ""Xo¿®-bmbpw AsX.'' t]mcm-
Ø-Xn\v a\p-jy-{]-IrXn Jp¿-B≥ A\p-k-cn®v ssZhnI k{º-Zm-b-
Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xh - p-amWv.)* a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ, `qan-bnse
PohnXw {]m]-©nI aX-Øns‚ {]hm-NI - ∑
- m-cpsS shfn-]m-Sp-If
- n¬\n∂v
e`n® ssZhn-Im-\p-im-k-\-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn®v {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ am{Xta
]q¿W-ambpw k^-e-am-hp-I-bp≈q. Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øns‚ {][m\
Dd-hnSw, Ah-Xo¿W-amb ssZhnI hN-\-am-sW∂ hkvXpX ]cn-K-Wn-
* ""AXp-sIm≠v bmsXmcp h{I-X-bp-an-√msX ip≤-a-\-kvI-\mbn aX-Øn-te°v \ns‚
apJsØ ({i≤sb) Xncn®p\n¿ØpI. a\p-jysc GXp {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn A√mlp
krjvSn-®n-´pt≠m B {]Ir-Xnsb A\p-k-cn-®p-sIm≠v Pohn-°pI. A√m-lp-hns‚
krjvSn-I¿a-Øn\v (Ah≥ \n›-bn® {]Ir-Xn°v) bmsXmcp am‰-hp-an√. AXs{X
h{I-X-bn-√mØ aXw. ]t£, a\p-jy-cn¬ A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw bmYm¿Yyw {Kln-°m-
Ø-h-cm-Ip∂p.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 30: 30)
12 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
°p-tºmƒ Xß-fpsS \nb-a-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ apkvenw-Iƒ Db¿Øn-
∏n-Sn-°p∂ A¥€v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Xpey-X-bn-√m-Ø-XmWv F∂-Xn¬
AZv`p-X-sam-∂p-an√. apkvenw-Iƒ \nb-a-Øn\v \¬Ip∂ _lp-am\w
as‰mcp P\-k-aq-lhpw \¬Ip-∂n√. t\cn-´p≈ ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i-\-
߃°v Iogn¬ Pohn-°p∂p F∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ P\-߃°v B \nb-
a-ß-tfmSv A\p-k-cW ImWn-°pI hgn-b-√msX kpc-£n-X-Xztam A`-
btam C√. Npcp-°-Øn¬ Ckvemw-a-X-Øns‚ bYm¿Y-kØ ÿnXn-
sN-øp-∂Xv {]hm-N-I-\m¬ \n¿W-bn-°-s∏´ \nb-a-߃ A\p-k-cn-°p-
∂-Xn-emWv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Bflm¿YX, kv{Xobm-bmepw ]pcp-j-\m-
bmepw, hm°nepw A¿Y-Ønepw Ah-km-\sØ Ah-ew-_-sa∂ \ne-
bn¬ ssZhn-I-\n-baw A\p-k-cn-°m≥ Ah¿ F{X-am{Xw k∂-≤-am-bn-
cn-°p∂p F∂-Xn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p.
Ah-km-\sØ Ah-ew-_-sa∂ \ne°v Ckvemw Xs∂ Hcp \nb-
a-am-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ G‰hpw henb e£yw A®-S-°-ap≈ Hcp
kaqlw krjvSn- ° pI F∂- X mWv . \oXn- b psS XØz- ß - f n-
eq∂n\n∂mWv Cu e£yw t\Sm≥ Ckvemw ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂Xv. hnkvX-
cn-°m≥ {]bm-k-ap≈ H´-\-h[n am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS \oXn-bpsS Cu e£yw
k^-e-am-°m-\p≈ kml-N-cy-߃ krjvSn-°m≥ AXv {ian-°p∂p.
Ah-i-s\bpw Xmgv∂-h-s\bpw Biz-kn-∏n-°pI F∂-Xn-emWv a‰p aX-
ß-fnse Du∂¬. F∂m¬, Ckvem-an-em-Is´ a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ \oXn
\S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-emWv Ft∏mgpw Du∂¬. hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv \oXnsNøm-
\p≈ Xm°o-Xp-I-fm¬ \n¿`-c-amWv Jp¿-B≥. \memw A[ymbw 58˛mw
kq‡-Øn¬ \mw CXv ImWp∂p.** CtX A¿Y-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I\pw
Xm°oXv \¬In-b-Xmbn ImWmw.
ssZhnI hN-\-߃°v ]pdta \_n ]d-™tXm sNbvXtXm Bb
Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n®v lZo-kp-I-fp-ap≠v. Hcp {]tXyI hnj-b-sØ-
°p-dn®v \_n-bpsS Ncy F¥m-bn-cp∂p F∂v a\-€n-em-°m≥ CXv hnizm-
knsb klm-bn-°p-∂p. Cu t{kmX-€p-Iƒ Jp¿-B\v ]qc-I-amWv. Ch
c≠pw-IqSn H∂n®ptN¿Øv IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ hnizm-kn°v, hnizm-
kn-I-fpsS hy‡n-]-chpw kmaq-lnIhp-amb s]cp-am‰®´-߃ {Ia-s∏-
Sp-tØ-≠Xv Fßs\ F∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb hkvXp-X-Iƒ hne-°p-
I-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ e`n-°p∂p.
F.Un. 632˛¬ {]hm-N-I≥ \ncym-X-\m-b-tXmsS ssZhnI shfn-]m-
Sp-Ifpw Ah-km-\n®p. Xm≥ Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p-
** ""Aam-\Ø
- p-Iƒ Ah-bpsS A¿l-∑m¿°v Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°W
- s
- a∂pw P\-߃°n-
S-bn¬ hn[nIev]n-°p-tºmƒ \oXn-]q¿hw hn[nIev]n-°-W-sa∂pw A√mlp \nß-
tfm-Sm-⁄m-]n-°p∂p. F{Xtbm \√ D]-tZ-i-amWv A√mlp \n߃°v \¬Ip-∂Xv.
Xo¿®-bmbpw F√mw tIƒ°p-∂-h\pw ImWp-∂-h-\p-amWv A√mlp.''
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 13
th≠n _m°n-sh-®n-cn-°-bm-sW∂pw AXv apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-®m¬ Ah-cpsS
hgn- b n¬ A]- I - S - ß - s fm- ∂ p- a p- ≠ m- h p- I - b n- s √- ∂ p- a p≈ \_n- b psS
hntbm-K-Øn\p sXm´p-ap-ºp≈ Xm°o-Xp-Iƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-Øm¬
F√m \_n-h-N-\-ßfpw tiJ-cn®p sh°p-hm\pw Ah hcpw Xe-ap-
dIƒ- ° p- I qSn ]I¿∂psImSp- ° p- h m- \ p- a p≈ hnizm- k n- I - f psS
BImw£ Xo¿®-bmbpw a\-€n-em-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp≈q. Jp¿-B≥ hN-
\-߃ Xo¿®-bmbpw B[n-Im-cn-I-amWv; hn[n-bpsS Ah-km-\-\m-fp-
Iƒ hsc Ah am‰n-a-dn-°-s∏-SmsX kq£n-°p-sa∂ Dd∏v Jp¿-B≥
Xs∂ \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ A¿Y-Øn¬. CtX A¿Y-Øn¬ Nn¥n-®m¬
lZokv kmlnXyw A{X B[n-Im-cn-I-a√; {]hm-N-I-h-N-\-߃ kam-
l-cn-°p∂ hy‡n a\p-jys‚ Hm¿a-i-‡nsb B{i-bn-°p∂p F∂-
Xn- \ mepw Ah- b psS auen- I X sXfn- b n- ° m≥ th≠n Ah
]d™ph∂-h-cpsS irwJe ]e-t∏mgpw \qdn¬∏cw hcp∂p F∂-Xn-
\m-ep-sa√mw. ]t£, Hcn-°¬ Hcp \_n-h-N\w B[n-Im-cn-I-am-sW∂v
sXfn-bn-°-s∏´p Ign-™m¬ ssZhn-I-h-N-\-Øn\v Xpey-amb ÿm\w
Jp¿-B≥ AXn\p \evIp-∂p≠v. (Jp¿-B≥ 33:21; 53:3,4; 24:63; 4:152
F∂nh t\m°pI). {]hm-N-Is‚ \ncym-W-Øn-\p-tijw hfsc Ime-
Øn\p tij-amWv \_n-h-N-\-߃ kam-l-cn-°-s∏-´Xv F∂ ASp-
Ø-Im-ew-hsc {]m_-ey-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ [mc-W-Iƒ°v hncp-≤-ambn
\_n-bpsS Pohn-X-Im-eØp Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ kl-Nm-cn-Iƒ
\_n-h-N-\-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v F∂v ASpØ ImeØv \S∂
Kth-j-W-߃ sXfn-bn-®n-´p≠v. lZokv hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ CXp-h-tcbpw
hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv \_n-h-N-\-ß-fpsS kam-l-c-Whpw enJn-X-cq-]-Øn-
ep≈ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øepw \_n°v tijw \q‰n A≥]Xv h¿j-߃
Ign-™n-´mWv \S-∂Xv F∂s{X. F∂m¬, A¬J-Øm\n, in_ven,
kønZv kpsse-am≥ \Zvhn, Dkvam-\nbm bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse a\m-
kn¬ Alvkm≥ XpS-ßnb ka-Im-enI apkvenw ]fin-X-∑m¿ Cu
Btcm-]-W-Øns‚ A¿Y-iq-\yX XnI®pw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. (lao-
Zp-√m-bpsS 'Muslim Contact of the State' t]Pv 23 t\m°pI.)
kaq-l-Po-hnXw Xß-sf-ßs\ cq]-s∏-SpØn F∂-Xn\pw `c-W-
Iq-S-Øn-s‚ Imcy-߃ Fßs\ \S-∏n¬hcpØn F∂-Xn\pw X¿°-
hn-j-b-amb \nb-a-{]-iv\-߃°v Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬
\_n-N-cysb X߃ Fßs\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn F∂-Xn\pw Jeo-
^-am-cpsS coXn-Iƒ sXfn-hmWv.
Ckvem-anI \nb-a-ß-fpsS DZv`-h-Øns‚ Cu c≠v t{kmX-€p-
Iƒ°p ]pdsa \mw aq∂v D]-t{km-X-€p-I-sf-°qSn ad-°m≥ ]mSp-≈-
X√. CPvam-Av, Jnbmkv, CPvXn-lmZv F∂n-h-bm-Wh. Ch aq∂pw
Ckvem-anse ]gb \nb-a-]-fin-X¿ Jp¿-B-s‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw
14 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
shfn-®-Øn¬ Fßs\ \nb-a-{]-iv\-߃ ssIImcyw sNbvXp F∂v
\ap°v ImWn-®p-X-cp∂p.
Ch-bn¬ {]Y-a-am-bXv CPvam-Av (kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ A`n-{]m-b-]-c-
amb GIX) BWv. "Fs‚ P\X Hcn-°epw sX‰n¬ GIm-`n-{]m-b-
°m-cm-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√' F∂pw "kwbp-‡-X-°p-ta¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Ic-
ß-fp≠v, AXn¬ \n∂v hn´p-am-dp-∂-h≥ \c-I-Øn-emWv' F∂pw "Ah-
km\w apkvenw-Iƒ°v \√-Xm-bn-tØm-∂p-∂Xv ssZh-Zr-jvSn-bnepw \∑-
bmWv' F∂p-ap≈ {]hm-N-I-h-N-\-ß-fn-emWv, CXv \nb-a-Øns‚ \n¿am-
Wm-flI t{kmX-€mbn kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\w Is≠-Øp-
∂Xv . GsX- ¶ n- e p- s amcp \nb- a - { ]- i v \ - Ø n¬ Hcp Ime- L - ´ - Ø nse
apkvenw \nb-ai- m-kv{X-⁄∑ - m¿ GIm-`n-{]mbw ]pe¿Øp-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬
Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-tb-IX B A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ {]mam-Wn-I-X-bpsS ap{Z
]Xn-∏n-°p-Ibpw \nb-a-Øns‚ t{kmX€v F∂ \nebv°v AXv Hcp
Jp¿-B-\nI hN-\-Ønt\m \_n-bpsS sXfn-bn-°-s∏´ Ncyt°m GXm-
≠v Xpey-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂-Xnepw Ckvem-anse \nb-a-
im-kv{X-⁄-∑m¿ tbmPn-°p∂p. \nb-a-Øns‚ t{kmX€v F∂ \ne°v
CPvam-C\v {]m[m-\y-ap≠v F∂n-cn-°nepw, ZpxJm-Ip-e-amb Bflm¿Y-
X-tbmSp IqSn-Øs∂ ]d-bs´, bpK-ß-fmbn, kap-Zm-b-Ønse \nb-a-
im-kv{X-⁄-∑m-cpsS A`n-{]m-ssbIyw e`n-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp kwhn-[m-
\hpw \nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬ ÿm]n-®Xv kw_-‘n®v Hcp
sXfnhpw \ap-°n√.
Hcp \nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄s‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb A`n-{]m-b-amWv Jnbmkv.
Hcp {]tXyI A`n-{]mbw cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ aX-\n-ba hnim-c-Z¿
]pe¿Øn-b \oXn-t_m-[hpw \njv]-£-Xbpw Xmc-Xay Nn¥bpw ASn-
ÿm-\-am-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xs{X CXv.
Ah-km-\-ambn \ap°v CPvXn-lmZv D≠v. Hcp {]iv\-Øn\v ]cn-
lmcw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬ Jp¿-B-\n-I-kq-‡tam {]hm-NI hN-\tam
hy‡-ambpw klm-bn-°msX hcp-tºmƒ kzX-{¥-Nn-¥sb B{i-bn-
°p∂ {]{In-b-sb-bmWv CPvXn-lmZv F∂p ]d-bpI. \_n-bpsS PohnX-
Øn¬\n∂p≈ ]cs° Adn-b-s∏´ Hcp kw`-h-Øn¬ CXn-\p≈ \oXo-
I-cWw {]Xn-^-en-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. apB-Zp_v\p P_-ens\ ba-\n-te°v
Kh¿W-dmbn Ab-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv \_n At±-l-tØmSv Xs‚ apºmsI
hcp∂ {]iv\-ß-fn¬ Fßs\ hn[n-\n¿Wbw \S-Øp-sa∂v tNmZn®p.
""ssZh-Øns‚ {KŸ-a-\p-k-cn®v''˛ At±lw adp-]Sn ]d™p. ""Hcp {]iv-
\-Øn¬ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ ssZh-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬\n∂v Xm¶ƒ°v
am¿K-Z¿i-\-sam∂pw e`n-®n-s√-¶ntem?''˛ \_n tNmZn®p. ""{]hm-N-I-
Ncy-b-\p-k-cn®v''-˛ At±lw ]d™p. ""AXn¬ \n∂pw am¿K-Z¿i-\-
sam∂pw e`n-®n-s√-¶n¬?''˛ \_n tNmZn®p. ""{]iv\ ]cn-lm-c-Øn-\p-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 15
th≠n Hc-`n-{]m-b-Øn-se-Øm-\p≈ Fs‚ kzX-{¥-amb {ia-߃°-
\p-k-cn®v.'' \_n Cu DØ-cw-tI´v kwXr-]vX-\m-sb∂pw apB-Zp_v\p
P_-en-s\-t∏m-se-bp≈ A\p-bm-bn-Isf Xs‚ A\p-N-c-∑m-cn-epƒs∏-
Sp-Øn-b-Xn¬ A√m-lp-hns\ kvXpXn®p-sh-∂p-amWv ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.
Ckvem-ans‚ {]hm-N-I\v apB-Zp_v\p P_¬ \evInb DØ-c-ß-fn¬
Hcp apPvX-ln-Zns‚ ]¶mWv ka-{K-ambn \n¿h-Nn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. B
]¶n-s\-°p-dn®v \ap°v Cu IY-bn¬\n∂v a\-€n-em-Ip∂p.
apPvX-ln-Zns‚ `mjm¿Yw A[zm-\n-°p∂ Bƒ F∂mWv. Hcp \nb-
a-imkv{X kw⁄ F∂ \ne-bn¬ ^nJvlns‚ Dkq-ep-Iƒ AYhm
\nb-a-⁄s‚ bp‡n-hn-Nm-cm-h-b-h-߃ \nb-a-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\
t{kmX-€p-I-fmb Jp¿-B-s‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-XmWv. Ah-bpsS hmN-I-ß-fn¬ C°mcyw
]d-™n-´n-s√-∂m¬t∏mepw, ssIbn-ep≈ {]iv\-Øn-s\mcp Xo¿∏p-
I¬]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ an°-hmdpw AXv Jp¿-B-\n∂pw kp∂-Øn\pw A\p-
tbm-Py-am-bn-Øo-cpI Xs∂ sNøpw. CPvXn-lm-Zns\ \nb-a-\n¿am-W-
Øn-\p≈ krjvSn-]-c-amb Hcp t{kmX-€mbn IW-°m-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv
Nne tbmKy-X-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v F∂v ^nJvlns‚ ]e
Nn¥m-k-c-Wn-Ifpw \njvI¿jn-°p∂p. apPvX-lnZv \nb-a-Øn¬ am{Xw
]mWvUnXyw t\Sn-bm¬ t]mcm, DNn-X-amb \nb-a-]-c-amb Xocp-am-\-
ß-sf-Sp-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-h≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cn-°Ww Abmƒ. Adn-b-s∏´
Hcp `‡-\m-bn-cn-°Ww. \nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m-cpsS kaq-l-Øns‚ Hcp
kwbp-‡m-`n-{]m-b-amWv CPvam-Av F¶n¬, Nne {]tXyI kml-N-cy-
ß-fn¬ Hcp \nb-a-{]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ kzX-{¥-Nn¥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
I-bmWv CPvXn-lmZv. AX-\p-k-cn®v \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ CPvXn-
lm-Zns‚ {]Xn-tcm[w Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Bi-b-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂
bp‡n-Nn-¥-bpsS Iq´-Øn-emWv ]Sp-Øp-b¿tØ-≠Xv. Ckvemw Bh-
iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ IqdmWv; knwlm-k-\-ß-tfm-Sp-≈-X√.
Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb Bflo-bm-Sn-ÿm\w ssZh-am-I-bm¬ ssZh-
Øn-t\m-Sp≈ Iqdv F∂p ]d-™m¬ a\p-jy\v a\p-jys‚ amXr-Im-]-
c-amb {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ Iqdv Xs∂-bmWv. Ckvemw Dƒs°m-≠n-´p≈
Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb ASn-ÿm\w imiz-X-am-sW-¶nepw AsXm-cn-
°epw Ime-Øn¬ sshhn-[yhpw ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw F∂ Xe-Øn¬,
AXm-bXv ka-{K-ambn Ncn-{X-Øn¬, kw`-h-߃°p≈ A¿Yw F∂
\ne°v {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂n√. Ah-km-\n-°mØ ]cn-h¿Ø\w {]I-Sn-∏n-
°p∂ Hcp temI-Øn¬ Hcp ]nSnØw In´p-hm-\p≈ Nhn-´p-]Sn e`n-
°m-\p-≈h am{X-amWv imizX XØz-߃. ssZh-Øns‚ Jp¿-B-\nI
{]Xn-_nw_w Ahs‚ dqlv a\p-jy-\n-te°v ]I¿∂p F∂p kqNn-∏n-
°pI hgn a\p-jy-\n¬ Hcp imiz-Xn-I-Xz-Øns‚ `mK-ap≠v F∂ A¿Y-
16 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
Øn¬ a\p-jy≥ Ncn-{XsØ AXo-{µ-h¬°-cn-°p∂p. Ncn-{X-Øns‚
am¿IvknÃv hymJym\w ]d-bp-∂Xpt]mse a\p-jy≥ Ncn-{X-Øns‚
D¬]∂-a√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \nb-a-Øn\v a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bnse amdn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xpw ÿnc-ambn \n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb F√m LS-I-ß-
sfbpw ssIImcyw sNtø-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. auenI Imcy-ß-fn¬ Du∂p-
∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ apkvenw-Iƒ amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ kml-N-cy-߃ ad-
∂p-t]m-I-cpXv. Ckvem-anI \nbaw Aßs\ Cem-kvXn-Ihpw Ne-\m-
fl-Ihpw ]ptcm-K-a-\-£-a-hp-amWv.
Ckvem-anI \nb-a-ß-fpsS Dd-hn-S-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kqN\, Ckvem-
an¬ \nb-a-\n¿am-W-Øn¬ bp‡n-Nn-¥-bpsS ÿm\w kar-≤hpw {]m[m-
\y-ta-dn-b-Xp-am-sW-∂p≈ GI Dt±iyw hy‡-am-°m≥th-≠n-bp-≈-
XmWv. ]cn-ip-≤ -Jp¿-B-\nse 6236* kq‡-ß-fn¬ A™q-dn¬∏cw
kq‡-߃°v, AXm-bXv ]{¥-≠n-semcp `mK-Øn¬ Ipd-hm-b-h°v
am{Xta \nb-a-]-c-amb kz`m-h-ap≈q. Camw A_ql-\o-^-bpsS A`n-
{]m-b-a-\p-k-cn®v {]hm-N-Is‚ B[n-Im-cnI hN-\-߃ ]Xn-aq-∂m-bn-c-
Øn¬∏cw am{X-amWv. a‰p Nne¿°m-Is´, Ch icm-icn c≠m-bn-c-Øn-
¬∏cw hcpw. Cu hkvXpX ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ \nb-a-im-kv{X-]-c-amb
XØz-߃, GIm-`n-{]mbw, hy‡n-]-c-amb {ia-߃ F∂nh Xß-fpsS
ap≥]m-sI-bp≈ {]iv\-ß-fn¬ Xo¿∏pI¬∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb
\nb-a-߃ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v t\cn-´p≈ hN-\-ß-
tfmSv Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂-Xn¬ ^pJ-lm-°ƒ, AYhm \nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄-
∑m¿ hln® ]¶v C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Ckvem-anI
\nb-a-Øns‚ {Iam-\p-K-X-amb hf¿® Is≠-ØpI Akm-[y-am-bn-cp-
t∂s\.
Ckvem-anI \nbaw AXm-bXv ico-AØv, ^nJvlns‚ Dkq-ep-Iƒ
AXm-bXv aX-]-c-amb \nb-a-imkv{Xw F∂nh H∂n®v IW-°n-se-Sp-
°p-tºmƒ hnizm-kn-bpsS hy‡n-Po-hnXw {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ k¿h-hym-
]n-bmb Nne \nb-a-{I-a-ßsf Ah ]hn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p≠v. kp∂o-^n-
Jv l ns‚ kzX- { ¥- a mb \mev Nn¥m- k - c - W n- I ƒ Hcp \q‰m- ≠ n- \ p-
≈n¬Øs∂ \ne-hn¬h∂p F∂ hkvXpX Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øns‚
Ne-\m-fl-I-kz-`mhw hnfn-t®m-Xp∂p. \ap°v l\-^o-^nJvlp≠v. 767˛¬
Znhw-K-X-\mb Camw A_q -l-\o^ CPvXn-lm-Zn-s‚bpw CkvXn-lvkm-
s‚(\nb-a-]-c-amb \njv]-£X)bpw XØz-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn®p. Cu
Ime-L-´-Øn¬ \nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m¿ c≠v hn`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn-
™p˛lZo-kns\ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®-hcpw kzIm-cym-`n-{]m-b-ßsf Db¿Øn-
∏n-Sn-®-hcpw. ]n∂oSv \ΩpsS ap≥]n-ep-≈Xv 819˛- ¬ \ncym-X-\mb,
im^nCu ^nJvl-ns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-hmWv. ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Sn-®p-\n∂
* Jp¿-B≥ kq‡-ß-fpsS FÆ-Øn¬ ]fin-X≥am¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n-{]m-bm-¥-c-ap≠v.
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 17
Cu c≠p \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ°p-an-S°v At±lw ka-Xp-en-Xm-hÿ \ne-
\n¿Øn. \_n-h-N-\-߃°p-t\sc {i≤m¿l-amb Nmbvhv At±-l-
Øns‚ `mK-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw, B hN-\-߃ At±-lsØ
kw_-‘n-®n-StØm-fw B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn Dd-∏n-°-s∏-S-W-am-bn-cp∂p.
795˛¬ \ncym-X-\mb Camw amen-°ns‚ Nn¥m-k-cWn aZo-\-bn¬ \ne-
hn-ep≈ BNm-c-ß-fn¬ Du∂n-\n∂p. At±lw CPvam-Cs‚ {]m_eyw
Dd-∏n®p. Ah-km-\-ambn Camw C_v\p -lw-_en(\ncymWw 855)s‚
Nn¥m-k-c-Wn-bn-em-Is´, lZo-kp-I-fpsS `mjm-]-c-amb hymJym-\-
߃°p-th≠n \ne-\n∂ Hcp Nn¥m-am¿Kw Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-cp-∂Xv
\mw ImWp∂p. CPvam-C\pw Jnbm-kn\pw At±lw \ma-am-{X-amb ]t¶
A\p-h-Zn-®p≈q. B Nn¥m-[m-csb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Jp¿-B\pw
kp∂Øpw Xs∂ Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øns‚ aXn-bmb Dd-hn-S-ß-fm-bn-
cp∂p.
ico-AØv AXm-bXv icn-bmb \nbaw, kzlolv AYhm \nb-a-
hn-t[-b-am-bXv, _mXzn¬ AYhm hne-°-s∏-´Xv F∂nh XΩn¬ th¿Xn-
cn-°p∂p. Nne I¿a-߃ \n¿_-‘-amb \ne-bn¬ \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-´n-cn-
°p∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ß-tfmSv (lpJq-Jp-√mlv) _lp-am\w
{]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ a‰p NneXv a\p-jy-cpsS Npa-X-e-I-fmbn (lpJq-Jp¬
A_vZv) Nn{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃
hnizmkw AYhm Cuam≥, A©v hyXykvX ka-b-ß-fnse {]m¿Y-
\-Iƒ, da-Zm≥ {hXw, Zm\w AYhm kImØv, Xo¿Y-bm{X, Jpwkv
AYhm bp≤-Øn¬ i{Xp-hn¬\n∂v t\Snb apX-en¬\nt∂m J\n-I-
fn¬\n∂v t\Snb apX-en¬\nt∂m A©n-sem∂v \evI¬, h[-Øn-
¬\n∂v Hgn-™p-\n¬°¬, aZy-]m-\-Øn¬\n∂pw a‰p ab-°p-a-cp-∂p-I-
fpsS D]-tbm-KØ - n¬\n∂pw Hgn-™p-\n-ev°¬, ]c-kv{Xo-Ka - \w, NqXm´w
XpS-ßn-bh Hgn-hm-°¬ F∂n-hb - mWv. Ch ]q¿Wm-hI - m-iß
- f- mbn Adn-
b-s∏-Sp∂p. `mKn-Im-h-Im-i-ß-fm-b-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ a‰p Nne-Xp≠v. Ah
hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn¬ _‘-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw tamjWw XpS-ßn-
b-h-t]mse tÉns‚ ta¬t\m-´-Øn≥Io-gn-ep-≈-h-bmWv. hy‡n-I-fpsS
Ah-Im-i-ß-fn¬ \nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m¿ Is≠-Øp∂Xv a\p-jys‚
kpc-£n-XXzw, A¥-€ns‚ `{ZX, DS-a-ÿm-h-Im-i-Øns‚ kpc£,
sshhm-lnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ kpc-£n-XXzw, c£m-I¿Ør-Xz-Øns‚
Dd∏v, ]n¥p-S¿®m-h-Im-i-Øns‚ kpc£, F√m \nba hnt[b I¿a-
߃°p-ap≈ kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ kpc-£n-XXzw F∂n-h-bmWv. hy‡n-
bp-sSbpw `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s‚bpw `mKn-Im-h-Im-i-߃ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS A¥-
€n-t∑-ep≈ B{I-a-W-ßsf {]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xp-ambpw as‰m-cm-fpsS
Nmcn-{XysØ ssItb‰w sNøp-∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰-hp-ambpw _‘-
s∏-´p-\n¬°p∂p. Ah-°p-]p-dta Cu I¿a-߃ kwkm-cn-°pI, ImWp-
18 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
I, kv]¿in-°pI, ]p©n-cn-°pI, ssIItfm a‰-h-b-h-ßtfm D]-
tbmKn-°pI XpS-ßnb ico-c-Øns‚ I¿a-ßsf am{X-a√ Dƒs°m-
≈p-∂Xv. adn®v Nn¥n-°pI, hniz-kn-°pI, B{K-ln-°pI XpS-ßnb
J¬_n-(am\-knI)bmb hym]m-c-ß-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. Xo¿®-
bmbpw ico-AØv _mly-I¿aßsf am{Xta _m[n-°p-∂p≈q.
I¿a-ß-fpsS kZm-Nm-c-\n-b-a-]-c-amb kz`mhw hnim-e-amb Hcp
kvs]-Iv{S-Øn¬ (h¿Wcm-Pn-bn¬) ]c-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p. Ah Xmsg-∏-d-
bp-∂-h-bmWv.
(F) \nb-am\p-im-knX I¿a-߃: {]m¿Y\, {hXw apX-emb {]mY-
anI Xe-Øn¬Øs∂ \n¿_-‘-amb I¿a-߃. im^nCu aZvl_v
A\p- k - c n®v ^¿Zv I n- ^ mb F∂ H∂p≠v . Ah {]mY- a n- I - X - e -
Øn¬Øs∂ \n¿_-‘-amWv. ]t£, Bsc-¶nepw Ah \n¿h-ln-®m¬
a‰p-≈-h¿ AXv sNtø≠ Bhiyw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. arX-tZlw
ad-hp-sN-øpI, i{Xp-hn-t\mSv s]mcp-XpI XpS-ßn-bh DZm-lc - W
- ß
- f- mWv.
(_n) hmPn_pIƒ: Xs‚ `mcy-sbbpw Ip´n-I-sfbpw ]pe¿ØpI -
F-∂-Xp-t]mse c≠m-asØ L´-Øn¬ \n¿_-‘-amb Imcy-ß-fm-Wh.
(kn) kp∂Øv: \_n sNøp-Itbm AwKo-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvX
I¿a-߃. apkvX-l∫v, AYhm Zm\w t]mse FSp-Øp-]-d-b-s∏´ Imcy-
߃.
(Un) ap_mlv: sNbvtXm sNbvXnt√ F∂-Xn\v {]k-‡n-bn-√m-
Ø{X sNdp-Xmb s]mdp-°-s∏-Sm-hp∂ Imcy-߃.
\nb-a-hn-cp≤ I¿a-߃, CtX-t]mse ^kmZv AYhm {Iqc-Ir-Xy-
߃, ldmw AYhm hne-°-s∏-´h, aIvdqlv AYhm A\-`n-e-j-Wo-b-
am-bh Cu sNbvXn-Iƒ sNøp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v hy‡nsb XS-bm≥ \nba-
Øn\v A[n-Im-c-an-s√-¶nepw X¬k-abw Ah-bn¬ \ns∂m-gn™p-
\n¬°p-∂Xv A`n-Im-ay-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂p.
hnizm-k-߃, kZm-Nmcw, Bcm-[\, hnhmlw apX-emb ]uc-Po-
hn-X-Ønse sIm≈-s°m-Sp-°-Iƒ, a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn\pw kzØn\pw
A¥-€n\pw t_m[-]q¿hw A]-ISw hcp-ØpI, s]mXp-ka - m-[m-\Ø
- n\p
`wKw hcp-Øp∂ elf, s]cp-hgn ]nSn-®p-]dn F∂n-h-°p≈ in£-
Iƒ, kImØv \evIm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse aX-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb {]h¿-
Ø\w, ]c-kv{Xo-K-a\w, elcn ]Zm¿Y-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw, NqXm´w
apX-em-b-h-t]mse a\p-jys‚ A¥-€n-s∂-Xn-cmb kacw, hyh-ÿm-
]nX Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒs°-Xn-cmbn ka-c-߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°pI XpS-ßnb
bXv\-߃ F∂n-h-sb√mw Ckvem-an-I-\n-baw ssIImcyw sNøp∂p.
ssZh-Øn-s∂-Xn-cmb \mep-Xcw Ip‰-߃(lpZq-Zp-Iƒ)°v Jp¿-B-\n¬
in£ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. tamjWw (kcn-JØv), sIme-]m-XIw
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 19
(JnXm¬), hy`n-Nmcw (kn\m), el-cn-]m-\o-b-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw F∂n-
h-bm-Wh.
D]-cn-kq-Nn-Xhpw hnim-e-amb ]›m-Øew Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xp-amb
Ckvem-ans‚ \nb-a-im-kv{X-Øn\p ]pdta apkvenw Fgp-Øp-Im¿
^nJvlv Ft∂m Dkq-ep-±o≥ AYhm hnizm-k-Øns‚ thcp-Iƒ Ft∂m
hnfn-°p∂ H∂p≠v. imtJm-]-im-J-I-fm-bn-∏n-cn-bp∂ thcp-Iƒ (XØz-
߃) BWh. Hcp \nb-a-im-kv{X-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ^nJvlv XØz-߃
ssIImcyw sNøp∂p. ]ucm-WnI \nba imkv{X-⁄-∑m¿ Dkzq-
ep¬^n-Jvln¬ Ign™ Bbn-cØ - n-\m-\qdv h¿j-ßf- mbn hf-sc-b[
- nIw
{i≤ ]Xn-∏n-®n-´p≠v. {]tXy-In®pw BZy-L´- ßfn¬ A¥¿tZiob \nb-
a-Øns‚ taJ-e-I-fn¬. (s{]m^. lao-Zp-√m-bpsS "Muslim Contact of the
State', p.47). apkvenw cmjv{S-Øns‚ hnIm-k-tØmsS {]Xo-£n-®-t]m-
se-Øs∂, (ap≥Im-eØv tdma≥ \nb-a-߃ {]m_-ey-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-
cp∂ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hnti-jn®pw) tdma≥ \nb-a-X-Øz-ßfpw Ckvem-
anI \nb-a-Øns‚ BZy-Ime {]tbm-‡m-°ƒ Jp¿-B\pw kp∂-Øpw
hymJym-\n-®p-≠m-°nb \nb-aß - fpw XΩn¬ ]c-kv]c - _- ‘w h∂p-s]´p.
Ckvem-anI \nbaw AXns‚ hf¿®-bn¬ \n¿Wm-b-Iamw hn[-Øn¬
tdma≥ \nb-a-ß-fm¬ kzm[o-\n-°-s∏´p F∂ {]iv\w hf-sc-sbm∂pw
DZn-°p-∂n√. Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse {]hm-N-Is‚ aZo\m Pohn-X-
Øns‚ Ah-km\ L´-ß-fn-emWv Ckvemw Hcp \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-bmbn
hf¿∂p-h-∂Xv F∂Xpw icn-b√. Ckvemw-aX {]hm-N-Is‚ a°m Pohn-
X-Imew \ap°v ImWn-®p-X-∂Xv shdpw kZm-Nm-c-]-ctam {]t_m-[-\-
]-ctam Bb Hcp {]{In-b-bmWv. B {]{In-b-bn¬ Ckvem-anI {]Nm-c-
Ww apJy- a mbpw BZy- L - ´ - Ø n¬ At±- l - Ø ns‚ _‘p- ° - f nepw
]n¬°m-eØv kplr-Øp-°-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_-°m-cp-sSbpw ASpØ
hrØ-ß-fnepw HXp-ßn-\n∂p F∂Xv icn-bmWv. F∂m¬, BZy-Ime
a°o hN-\-ß-fn¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ A\m-YIsf Xo‰n-t∏m-‰-W-sa∂pw
A¿l-cm-b-h-scbpw hgn-bm-{X-°m-scbpw ]cn-c-£n-°-W-sa∂pw a‰pw
]d-™Xv, hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p≈, \nb-a-sa∂ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]mtbm-
Kn-I-am-°m≥ IcpØpw km[y-X-bp-ap≈ B⁄-X-s∂-bmWv. ]n¬°m-
eØv {]hm-N-I≥ lnPvd F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ al-Ømb {]bm-W-Øn\v
a°-bn¬\n∂v Xncn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-b-t∏mƒ Ckvem-ans‚ c≠mw
Jeo-^-bmb lZvdØv Da-dn\v Ckvem-anI Ie-≠-dns‚ XpS°w Ipdn-
°m≥ e`n® \n¿tZ-i-ß-fn¬ t]mepw \nb-a-{]-iv\-ß-fp--≠m-bn-cp∂p.
A°m-e-Øp-Xs∂ BZysØ Ckvem-anI cm-jv{Sw sI´n-∏-Sp-°-s∏-´n-
cp∂p F∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv CXm-h-iy-ambn h∂Xv. {]hm-N-I-\m¬ aZo-
\-bnse `c-W-Im-cy-߃ Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ DS-º-Sn-bpsS XØz-
ß-fnepw CXv {]Xn-^-en®p ImWmw. Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ aZo-\m-kq-dx-Iƒ
20 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
[mcm-f-°-W-°n¬ Ckvem-anI \nb-a-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂p: A¬_-
Jd, Bep-Cw-dm≥, A∂n-km-Av.
\nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m¿ \S-Ønb A]-{K-Y-\-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ Jp¿-
Bs‚ hN-\-ß-fnepw {]hm-NI hN-\-ß-fnepw kaq-l-Øns‚ GIm-
`n-{]m-b-ß-fnepw hy‡n-]-c-amb \nb-a-im-kv{Xm-`n-{]m-b-ß-fnepw sXfn-
™p-\n∂ B⁄-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xnepw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-ambn kam-
l-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw Ckvem-anI \nba imkv{X-⁄-∑m¿ ]pe¿Ønb \nc-
¥c {i≤bpw A£oW ]cn-{i-ahpw ]fin-tXm-Nn-Xm-[zm-\hpw _lp-
am-\-]q¿h-amb \ne-]mSpw F{X-tØm-f-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v hnfn-t®m-Xp∂p.
Xo¿®-bmbpw Ckvem-anse \nba-imkv{Xw Ah-km\ hni-I-e-\-Øn¬
Hcp hnim-e-amb kulr-Z-Øns‚ k¥-Xn-bmWv. hymJym-\n-°m\pw
hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw {]tbm-Kn-°m\pw Hcp `c-W-Iq-S-Øn¬ Ipd™ H∂n-
s‚bpw ]c-am-[n-Imcw Bh-iy-an-√mØ aX-]-fin-X-∑m-cpsS kulr-Z-
Øns‚ k¥Xn. Ckvem-an¬ Hcp I¿a-Øns‚ \nb-a-]-cX B I¿a-
Øns‚ \n¿Wm-bI kz`mhw Xs∂-bmWv. AXns‚ \n¿am-Wm-fl-Ihpw
\ntj-[m-fl-I-hp-amb hi-ß-fn¬, Hcp \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS aqi-bn¬
hm¿∂p-ho-gmØ Hcp I¿ahpw C√-Xs∂.
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 21
Ckvem-ans‚ kw`m-h\
]m›mXy ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬
Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ XØz-ß-fpsS hni-I-e-\-Øn¬-
\n∂v, AXm-bXv AXns‚ ASn-ÿm\ t{kmX-€p-I-fmb Jp¿-B-s‚bpw
lZokv kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw ]T-\-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp hkvXpX \mw ]cn-
K-Wn-t°-≠-Xmbn hcp∂p. a\p-jy-kw-kvIm-c-Øn\v s]mXp-hmbpw
Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øn\v {]tXy-I-ambpw Ckvemw \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-
Isf ]m›mXy ]fin-X-∑m¿ (Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-I-fp-sStbm Ad-_n-Ãp-
I-sf∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sStbm cN-\-I-sf-bmWv Rm\n-Xp-sIm≠v
A¿Yam-°p-∂Xv) Fßs\ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p F∂-Xm-WXv. Cw•ojv,
{^©v, P¿a≥, djy≥ XpS-ßnb {]apJ `mj-I-fn-ep≈ Cu cN-\-Iƒ
]q¿W-ambpw \ntj-[m-fl-I-amb Hcp kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬
t]mepw, temI kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Ckvem-an-\p≈ ÿm\-sØ-°p-dn®v,
hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb \ne-]mSv ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-bmWv. \nba k{º-Zm-b-
Øn\v Ckvemw \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ Fßs\ hni-I-e\w sNø-
s∏´p F∂-Xn\pw hne-bn-Sn®p ImWn-°-s∏´p F∂-Xn\pw tPmk^v
jmjv‰- n-s‚tbm (At±-lØ- ns‚ "apl-ΩZ- ≥ \nb-aX- Øzimkv{X-Øns‚
DZv`hw' F∂ ]pkvXIw t\m°pI) Fkv.kn. tKmbn-‰n-s‚tbm (Ckvem-
anI Ncn-{X-sØ-°p-dn®pw ÿm]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ ]T-\-߃ F∂
]pkvXIw t\m°pI.) s{]m^. tam≠v tKmadn hm‰n-s‚tbm t]mepw
]pkvX-I-߃ aXn-bmb DZm-l-c-W-ß-fmWv. (s{]m^. tam≠v tKmadn
hm‰ns‚ c≠p `mK-ß-fn-embn cNn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ \_n-bpsS Poh-N-cn-
{Xtam˛ "apl-ΩZv a°-bn¬', "apl-ΩZv aZo-\-bn¬'˛ "Ckvem-ans‚
cmjv{Sob Nn¥'tbm t\m°pI.) Rm≥ GXm\pw B[p-\nI ]fin-X-
cpsS t]cp-Iƒ ]d™p F∂v am{Xw. Cßs\ FÆn-∏-d-bm≥ XpS-ßn-
bm¬ [mcmfw ]pkvX-I-ß-fp≠v. Ch-bn¬ G‰hpw {][m\w ]m{So-jy-
t{Im¨, ssa°¬ Ip°v F∂n-h¿ tN¿s∂-gp-Xnb 'Hagarism the making
22 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
of Islamic World'F∂ ]pkvX-I-am-sW-s∂-\n°p tXm∂p∂p. cN-bn-
Xm-°ƒ Xs∂ Cu IrXn-sb-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂Xv, GXp apkvenw ]cn-t{]-
£y-Øn-eqsS t\m°n-bmepw Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ°p
th≠n Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS tI{µ-ß-fn¬\n∂v {]h-ln® hkvXp-X-
Iƒ°v Aan- X - a mb ]cn- K - W \ \ev I n- s °m≠v cNn® Hcp IrXn
F∂mWv. {KŸ-I¿Øm-°ƒ \njvI-]-S-ambpw Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:
""Rß-fpsS hnh-c-W-߃ Hcp apkven-an\v Akzo-Im-cy-am-hpI am{X-
a√ sNøp-∂-Xv, Hcp ISpIv aWn-tbmfw hnizm-k-ap≈ Hcp apkven-an-
\p-t]mepw Ah \ntj[n-°p-∂-Xn¬ bm-sXmcp hnj-a-hp-a-\p-`-h-s∏-
Sp-I-bn√.'' Ckvem-anI temI-Øns‚ \n¿an-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v Ah-sc-Øn-
t®¿∂ kmam-\y-\n-K-a\w Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ hcn-I-fn-ep≠v:
kXy-Øn¬ Ckvem-ans‚ BZy-Ime hnIm-k-ß-fpsS Ncn-{X-ß-
f-{Xbpw AXns\ kzbwkn≤-am-°p∂p. Ckvem-anI t{kmX-€p-I-
fn¬ \n∂v Cu {]{In-b-bpsS cq]-tc-J-I-sf-¶nepw \ap°v ]pd-Øp-
sIm-≠p-h-cm-hp-∂-XmWv. F¥m-bmepw Cu Dd-hn-S-߃ {]I-S-amw-hn-
[-Øn¬ t\c-sØ-bp-≈-h-b√ F∂v ]cs° Adn-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
Ggmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km\ Zi-I-Øn\p apºv Jp¿-B≥ GsX-
¶nepw cq]-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v hy‡-amb sXfn-shm-
∂p-an√. CXns\ Ncn{X ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, C{µnb hnt[-b-a-√mØ
Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Smbn Nn{Xo-I-cn® lZo-kp-I-fm-Is´ F´mw \q‰m-≠ns‚
a[y-Øn\p apºv kXy-sa-∂p-d-∏n-°-s∏-´n-´p-an√. AXn-\m¬, Ckvem-
anI ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-bm-Ym¿Yyw Hc-f-thmfw kµn-Kv[-amWv.
AXns\ \ntj-[n-°m-\p≈ _e-h-Ømb B¥-cnI Imc-W-ß-sfm-
∂p-an-√m-Ø-t∏mƒ Xs∂ kzoI-cn-°m-\p≈ Xpey-amb _mly-Im-c-
W-ß-fp-an√. CØ-c-samcp kml-N-cy-Øn¬ hnth-I-]q¿hw FUn‰v
sNø-s∏´ lZo-kp-Isf Ncn-{X-k-Xy-sa∂ \ne°v AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v
ap≥t]m´p t]mIp∂ ]Xn-hp-h-g°w Hcn-°epw Abp-‡n-I-am-bn-cn-°p-
I-bn√. F∂m¬, Xpey-amb A¿Y-Øn¬Øs∂, lZo-kns\ \n¿Wn-
X-amb Ncn{X bmYm¿Yy-a-√m-Xm-°n-°-W-°m-°p-∂-Xnepw Ahsb
F´mw \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse aXm-i-b-ß-fmWv F∂p-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw ASn-
ÿm-\-ap-s≠∂v ]d-tb-≠n-hcpw. Ckvem-an-I-amb t{kmX-€p-Iƒ Cu
c≠v hyXykv X Imgv N - ∏ m- S p- I - s fbpw {]mh¿Øn- I - a m- ° p- ∂ - X n\v
[mcmfw Ah-kcw \¬Ip∂p. ]t£, XΩn¬ a[yÿ kao-]\w
ssIs°m≠v hn[n-\n¿Wbw \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \n¿Wm-bI am¿K-
Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ H∂pw AXv hmKv-Zm\w sNøp-∂n√. Cu
[¿a-k-¶-S-Øn¬ GI-am¿Kw Ckvem-anI ]mcº-cy-Øn¬\n∂v ]pd-
Øp-I-S-°p-Ibpw ho≠pw ]T-\-am-cw-`n-°p-I-bp-amWv.
XpS-°-Øn¬Xs∂ Hcp Imcyw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Jp¿-B≥ enJn-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 23
X-cq-]-Øntem a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ Hm¿a-I-fpsS cq]-Øntem B[n-
Im-cn-I-ambn kq£n-°-s∏-´n-´n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬˛Jp¿-B≥ {]hm-N-
I\v Ah-X-cn°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AX-t±lw Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v ]d-
™p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX AtX \nan-j-Øn¬Xs∂ GsX-¶nepw
cq]-Øn¬ \ne-\n¿Øn-sb-¶n¬ am{Xta Aßs\ kq£n-°p-hm≥
Ignbq˛aX-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-Xs∂ kq£n-°-s∏-´n-´n-√m-bn-
cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Fß-s\-bmWv Jp¿-B≥ lZvdØv Dkvams‚ ImeØv
kam-l-cn-°m≥ Ign-bpI? Ggmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\w-hsc Jp¿-
B≥ kam-l-cn-°-s∏-´n-´n-√m-bn-cp∂p F∂ \nK-a-\-Øn-emWv ]Sn-™m-
d≥ ]fin-X-∑m¿ FØn-t®-cp-∂Xv. F¶n¬ Ah¿ \ap-s°mcp Imcyw
]d-™p-Xt∂ aXn-bmIq: F¶n¬∏ns∂ Fßs\ AXv kam-l-cn-°-
s∏´p? AXpw C°-gn™ ]Xn-aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn AXns‚ auen-I-
Xsb Bcpw tNmZyw sNøm-Xn-cn-°-Ø-°-hÆw A{X°pw GI-I-WvT-
am-bn-Øs∂. {]hm-N-Is‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-Øn-\p-tijw Bsc-¶nepw sI´n-
®-a-®-XmWv Jp¿-B≥ F∂-h-scm´v Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp-∂p-an√.
Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-sc√mw Xs∂ {]hm-N-Is‚ Znhy shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ-
°p≈ ]¶ns\ sNdp-Xm-°n-°m-Wm-\p≈ _men-i-amb {iaw \S-Øp∂
Hcp-Xcw tcmKm-Xp-c-ho-£-W-amWv ]pe¿Øp-∂Xv. Ckvem-anI \nba-
Øns‚ DZv`-h-sØ-°p-dn®v Ah¿ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-
]-c-sa∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp-Xcw kao-]-\-tØm-sS-bmWv. AXm-bXv,
Ckvemw kmam-\y-ambpw AXns‚ \nb-a-߃ {]tXy-I-ambpw Jp¿-B-
\nse Ah-Xo¿W-h-N-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Ncn-{X-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I≥ \ne-\n¿-
Ønb hy‡n-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw kzm[o\w Df-hm-°nb ^e-߃ F∂-Xn-
s\-°m-fp-tasd A°m-esØ kmº-ØnI˛cmjv{Sob˛kmaqlnI˛ kmw-
kvIm-cnI LS-I-ß-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-^-e-ß-fm-sW∂ kao-]-\-am-W-Xv.
Ckvem-anI \nb-a-imkv{Xw Jp¿-B-\n¬ \nt∂m kp∂-Øn¬-\nt∂m
{]hm-N-I-\n¬\nt∂m t\cn´v kzoI-cn-®-Xn-s\-°m-f-[nIw Daho k{º-
Zm-b-ß-fn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn™p h∂-XmWv F∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ s{]m^.
jmjv‰v ]mSp-s]-´n-´p≠v. At±-lsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Jp¿-B-
\n¬\n∂p≈ am\-Z-fi-߃ Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-°m≥
XpS-ßn-bXv c≠mw L´-Øn¬ am{X-amWv. {]hm-N-Is‚ kp∂-Øv F∂
k¶ev]w BZy-ambn Ckvem-an¬ Bhn¿`-hn-®Xv aq∂mw Jeo-^-bm-
bn-cp∂ Dkvam≥ Hcp cmjv{Sob InS-a-’-c-Øn¬ h[n-°-s∏-´-Xp-ambn
_‘-s∏-´p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v At±lw Icp-Xp∂p. ]n∂oSv AXv a\x-im-
kv{X-]-c-amb Hc¿Yw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-km\w Hcp apgp-h≥ \q‰m-
≠n-\p-tijw CdmJn \nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m-cn-eqsS Ckvem-anI \nb-a-
Øn¬ ÿm\w t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-hs{X. AXn-\p-]p-dta Ckvem-ans‚
{]hm-N-Is‚ kp∂Øv Ckvem-an\p apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ad-_n-I-fpsS
24 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
kp∂-Øns‚ as‰mcp t]cm-sW∂p IqSn At±lw A\p-am-\n-°p-
∂p≠v. BZy-Ime apkvenw-I-fpsS kPoh k{º-Zm-b-߃ {]hm-N-I-
\p-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn F∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ At±lw {ian-°p∂p.
AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ lZokv apgp-h\pw A{]m-am-Wn-I-am-sW∂ ho£-
W-am-W-t±lw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂Xv. {]hm-N-I-s\-°p-dn®pw BZy-Im-
esØ B[n-Im-cnI {KŸ-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Btcm-]n-°-s∏´ \nb-am-`n-
{]m- b - ß sf tI{µo- I - c n®p \n¬°p∂p At±- l - Ø ns‚ Xnkokv .
"Jnbmkv' At±-lsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw PqX-a-X-Øn¬\n∂v
FSp-Ø-XmWv. "CPvam-Av' tdma≥ \nb-a-Øn¬\n∂v ]Tn-®Xpw.
jmjv‰ns‚ \nK-a-\-ßsf AlvaZv lpssk≥ F∂ ]m°n-ÿm\n
]fin-X≥ hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p≠v. jmjv‰ns‚ ho£-W-ß-fpsS ASn-
ÿm-\-an-√mbva hy‡-am-°p-hm-\-t±-l-Øn\v Ign-™n-´p-ap≠v. Ckvem-
anI \nb-a-im-kv{X-Øns‚ D≈-S-°-a-{Xbpw XpS°w apX¬°p-Xs∂
Jp¿-B-\n-s\bpw {]hm-N-Is‚ kp∂-Øn-s\bpw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-b-
Xm-sW∂ \nK-a\ - Ø
- n¬ {KŸ-I¿Ømhv FØn-t®-cp∂p. F∂m¬, CXn-
\p≈ sa‰o-cn-b¬kv {][m-\-ambpw km¿h-{Xn-I-amb Daho k{º-Zm-b-
ßfpw `c-W-Iq-Shpw kw`m-h\ sNbvX-Xm-sW∂ hkvXpX At±lw
Hgn-®p-\n¿Øp-∂n√. auenI hkvXp-X-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ At±-
lw Ckvem-anI \nb-a-im-kv{X-X-Øz-ß-fmb Jp¿-B≥, kp∂Øv, Jnbm-
kv XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ]cn-Wmaw N¿®-sN-øp-Ibpw C°m-
cy-Øn¬ Camw im^nC-bpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ {]tXyIw ]cm-a¿in-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v.
apI-fn¬]-d™ as‰-gp-Øp-Im-sc-∏-‰nbpw CsXm-s°-Ø-s∂-bmWv
]cm-a¿in-°m-\p-≈Xv. Xo¿®-bmbpw Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS ]¶ns\ hne-
bn-Sn®p ImWp-∂-Xn¬ Nne¿ a‰p≈ Nnesc AXn-i-bn-°p∂p. \nb-a-
Øn\v Jp¿-B≥ \¬Inb GXv {][m\ kw`m-h-\-sbbpw ]≠v \ne-
\n-∂n-cp∂ Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmb Ad-_n-I-fpsS k{º-Zm-b-ß-fp-amtbm
]n¬°m-e-Øp-≠m-bXpw Jp¿-B≥ FSp-°p∂ \ne-]m-Sn-t\mSv _‘-
sam-∂p-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amb BI-kvan-Im-]-bm-\-ß-fp-amtbm _‘-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂ Hcp kq{Xhpw Ah¿°p≠v. Rm≥ Hcp-Zm-l-cWw am{Xw Nq≠n-
°m-Wn-°p-I-bmWv. Cu hna¿i-I-cn-e-[n-Iw-t]cpw ]Sn-™m-d≥ am\-Z-
fi-߃ sh®p t\m°n-bm¬ t\csØ kqNn-∏n® Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-I-
sf-°mfpw˛Rm≥ t]cp ]d-™n-´n-√mØ ]e-sc-°mfpw t]mepw˛]mfin-
Xy-ap-≈-h-cmWv. Ah¿ Ckvemw F¥n\v \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ hkv-
XpX hnh-cn-°pI am{X-a√ sNøp-∂Xv. Ncn-{X-Øns‚ KXn \n¿W-bn-
°p-∂-Xn¬ {]hm-N-I∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]¶ns‚ {]k-‡n-bn-√m-bva-sb-°p-
dn®v hmZn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp {]tXy-I-Xcw X¿°-hn-Nmcw D]-tbm-K-
s∏-Sp-Øm\pw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp-Xcw bp‡n-Nn¥ {]Z¿in-∏n-°m\pw
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 25
Ah¿ {ian-°p∂p. a\p-jys‚ ss\k¿KnI i‡n-I-fpsS ]qh-Wn-
b-en\v Ckvemw bmsXmcp kw`m-h-\bpw \evIp-∂n-√s{X. Xm\p-ambn
_‘-s∏-Sp∂ GsXm-cm-sfbpw hgn-sX-‰n-°m-\p≈ Xs‚ hnI-e-amb
Bi- b - ß sf Hfn- ® p- s h- ° m- \ p≈ {]hm- N - I s‚ kq{X- ∏ - W n- I - f m-
Wvt]mepw Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ! CØcw ]fin-tXm-Nn-X-amb {]kvXm-
h-߃ hmbn-°p∂ Bcpw Xs‚ {]tNm-Z-\-Øn-s‚bpw am¿K-Z¿i-\-
Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-{]-amWw apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°m≥ Hcp hnizm-kn°v
Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ Fs¥-¶n-ep-apt≠m Ft∂m¿Øv A¥w-
hn-´p-t]m-hp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw.
Ckvem-anI Ncn-{Xhpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ "Ckvem-
ans‚ \mep apJ-߃' F∂ t]cn¬ Fkv.kn. tKmbv‰n≥ Dƒs∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-´p≈ {]Ya teJ-\-Øn¬ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ {]Xn-]m-Zn-
®n-´p≠v. AXn¬ H∂m-a-tØXv CXmWv: aZo-\-bn¬ IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Ø
tijw, a‰p-≈-h¿°-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ Hcp ssZhnI {KŸ-Øns‚ Ad_n
`mjm-¥cw \¬IpI am{X-amWv Xm≥ F∂mWv acp-`q-an-bnse hmWn-
Py-tI-{µ-amb a°m-\-K-c-Øn¬ \n∂p h∂ apl-Ω-sZ∂ {]hm-N-I≥
XpS-°-Øn¬ Ah-Im-i-s∏-´Xv. aZo-\-bn-se-Øn-bn´pw At±lw Xs‚
P∑-\-K-c-Ønse {]mIrX aX-Øns‚ ]cn-ip≤ tKl-amb IA-v_bp-
am-bp≈ _‘w hntO-Zn-®n√; adn®v {]mIr-X-a-X-Øns‚ A\p-jvTm-\-
{I-a-߃ Xs‚ ]pXnb aX-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv.
AXp-hgn, Xs‚ P∑-\-K-c-apƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]pWy-ÿ-e-߃ Iog-S-°p-
∂-Xp-hsc ]S-s]m-cp-Xp-I Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS Hcp IS-a-bm-°n-
Øo¿°pIbpw sNbvXp At±lw. ]pXnb hnizm-k-Øns‚ khn-ti-
j-amb Ad-_n-kz-`m-h-Øn¬ i‡-am-bq-∂pI F∂ ^e-ap-f-hm-°m≥-
th≠n, kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambpw Bflm¿Yamb aX-hn-Im-c-ßsf cmjv{So-
b-amb Ah-k-tcm-NnX Imcy-km-[y-X-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn. {KŸw
\¬I-s∏-´-h-cpsS aX-kn-≤m-¥-ßfpw [m¿anI k¶-ev]-ßfpw ss__n-
fns‚ ASn-ÿm\ {]am-W-ß-tfm-sSm∏w Jp¿-B-\n¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-°m≥
a°-bn¬sh®v At±-lsØ t{]cn-∏n® AtX Imc-W-ß-fm¬ Xs∂
aZo-\-bn¬sh®v PqXm-\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw \nba-ßfpw At±-lsØ kzm[o-
\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. lnPvd-°p-tijw aZo-\-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ Ah-k-c-
Øn¬ am{X-amWv {]hm-N-I≥ Hcp \nb-tam-]-tZ-i-I-\mbn amdn-bXv.
A°m-eØv Xs∂ GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb F√m aX-
ßfpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn H∂m-sW∂pw Ah Hcp ssZhnI {KŸ-
Øns‚ hn`n∂ ]Xn-∏p-I-fm-sW-∂p-ap≈ auen-Im-ibw, {]hm-N-I≥
{]tXy-I-amb {]mtZ-inI kz`m-h-ap≈ Hcp ]pXn-b ]≈n ]Wn-X-tXmsS
Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu {KŸ-I¿Ømhv Ckvem-ans\ t\m°n-
°m-Wp-∂Xv hmNm-e-X-bnepw Ihn-X-bnepw a‰p P\-hn-`m-K-ßsf AXn-
26 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
i-bn-°p∂ Ad-_n-I-fpsS, `mjm-]-chpw kmln-Xy-]-c-hp-amb AZv`p-
X-I-c-amb hf¿®-bpsS {]tXyI shfn-®-Øn-emWv. Ad-_n-cmjv{Sw
\ne-hn¬ h∂ AZv`p-Xm-h-l-amb AtX `mjm-]-c-amb {]{In-b-bpsS
Hcp `mK-amWv Ckvemw Xs∂bpw F∂-t±lw hniz-kn-°p∂p. Npcp-
°-Øn¬ Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-cs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ad_n cmjv{S-
cq-]o-I-c-W-Øns‚ kzb-ap-d-∏n-°-en-s‚bpw kz¥w a\-€n-em-°-en-
s‚bpw Hcp cq]-a-√msX as‰m-∂p-a√ Ckvemw!
\ΩpsS Fgp-Øp-Im-cs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ckvem-ans‚
{]hm-N-I-\m¬ Du´n-bp-d-∏n-°-s∏-´Xpw {]Y-a-ZrjvSym Ad_n tZio-
b-X-bpsS kphn-tijw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-amb Ckvem-ans‚ km¿h-
{XnI kz`m- h - Ø n\pw Imgv N - ∏ m- S n- \ p- a p≈ hni- Z o- I - c Ww hnhn[
Ct¥m bqtdm- ] y≥ `mj- I ƒ kwkm- c n- ° p∂ Cdm- \ n- I ƒ,
A^vKm≥Im¿, C¥y-bn-sebpw ]m°n-ÿm-\n-sebpw apkvenw-Iƒ,
Ct¥m- t \- j y- ° m¿, ate- j y- ° m¿, Xp¿°n- I ƒ, hnhn[ h¿K- ß -
fn¬s]´ IdpØ B{^n-°-°m¿, No\-°m¿ F∂n-h-sc-sbms° BI-
kvan-I-amb Iog-S-°-en-eqsS Ckvem-an-te°v sIm≠p-h∂p F∂-XmWv.
Cu hnIm-k-{]-{Inb apJy-ambpw Ckvem-an-Im-Z¿i-ß-fm¬ kzm[o-
\n-°-s∏´ A\-d-_n-I-fm¬ kw`-hn-®-XmWv F∂ hy‡-amb Ncn-{X-
kXyw ImcWw {KŸ-Im-c≥ Xs‚ `mh-\sb C{]-Imcw Ae-bm≥
hnSp∂p. At±lw ]d-bp∂p: apl-Ω-Zns‚ ac-W-Øns‚ sXm´p-tijw
Ad-_n-Iƒ \S-Ønb ssk\n-I-kw-cw-`-߃ hnP-b-I-c-am-bn√ F∂pw
Ahsc FXn¿Øp-\n¬°m-\pw Atd-_y≥ D]-`q-J-fi-Øn¬Xs∂
HXp°n\n¿Øm\pw am{Xw i‡-cm-bn-cp∂p ss_km‚n-b≥ cmPm-
°-∑mcpw km€-ss\‰v cmPm-°-∑mcpw F∂v \mw Hcp \nanjw k¶-
ev]n-°pI. Aß-s\-bm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Ckvemw, kz`m-h-Øn¬ tIhew
tZio-bhpw {]mtZ-inIhpw {]mIr-X-hp-amb Hcp ]cp-°≥ aX-ambn
\ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw a‰p P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS ta¬ AXns‚ kzm[o\w
]cn-an-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvtXs\. Jp¿-B-\n¬ km¿h-{Xn-I-X-
bpsS [mc Z¿i-\o-b-amWv F∂pw AXv FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p∂ hy‡n-
bpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw F∂ k¶ev]w as‰mcp km¿h-{Xn-Im-i-b-am-
sW∂pw {KŸ-I¿Ømhv Hcp-hn[w kΩ-Xn-°p∂p. F∂m¬ {KŸ-
Im-cs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw, apl-ΩZv Xs‚ {]hm-NI k]-cy-bpsS
BZy-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ kzbw Icp-Xn-bXv Xm≥ Xs‚ ASpØ IpSpw-
_-°m¿°pw ]n∂oSv a°m-\n-hm-kn-Iƒ°pw a°-°v Np‰p-ap-≈-h¿°pw
th≠n Ab-°-s∏´ Hcm-fmWv F∂s{X. km¿heu-In-I-X-bn-ep≈
Du∂m-Is´ PqZm-bn-k-Øns‚ kzm[o\w am{X-amWv. a\p-jy\v a\p-
jy-s\∂ \ne-°p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øns‚ {]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-dn®v apl-
ΩZv A\-h-cXw, AXn-i-tbm-‡n-]-c-ambn ]d-™-X-{Xbpw Adn-b-s∏´
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 27
Hcp PqX-{]-hm-N-I-\mb Fsk-°n-tb-ens\ Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂p-≠s{X.
F∂n-cp-∂mepw {]hm-N-Is‚ hmbn¬\n∂v \mw tI´ BZy-h-N-\-
Øn¬\n∂p-Xs∂ Ad-_n-{]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°m≥th≠n Ad-_n-Iƒ°v
Ah-X-cn® {]hm-N-I-\√ At±-l-sa∂pw ]Icw ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ a\p-
jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn\v am¿K-Z¿i\w sNø-s∏´ AtX coXn-bn¬ a\p-jy-
k-ap-Zm-b-Øn\v am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Im≥ Ah-X-cn® Bfm-W-t±-l-sa∂pw
kΩ-Xn-°m≥ {KŸ-I¿Ømhv \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. "AXn-\m¬
apl-Ω-Zns‚ ktµiw AXns‚ Bhn¿`m-hw apX¬°p-Xs∂ km¿h-
eu-In-I-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xp- i-cn-bm-bn-cn°p'sa∂v At±lw
]d-bp∂p. F∂m¬ {]mIrX Atd-_y-bn¬ P\n® Hc-d-_n°v X\n-°p-
≠m-bn-cp∂ tIh-e-amb Ad_v _‘w (Arab Affiliation) Fßs\ a\p-
jy-cm-in-bpsS {]h-N-\-am°n am‰m≥ Ign™p F∂ tNmZyw {KŸ-
I¿Ømhv {i≤n-°p-t∂-bn√. adn®v At±lw XpS-cp∂p: hnZqc hym]vX-
amb A¥¿tZiob hmWnPy _‘-ß-fn-te¿s∏´ Hcp km¿Y-hm-lI
\K-c-Øn-s‚ ]p{X-s\∂ \ne°v Xo¿®-bmbpw apl-Ω-Zn\v ]e aX-ß-
fp-sSbpw \ne-\n¬∏n-s\-°p-dn®v hnh-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p; Ah XΩn-ep≈
sshPm-Xy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Akv]-jvS-amb Hcm-i-bta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q-
sh-¶nepw, Cu sshtZ-inI kzm[o-\-ß-fn¬ Hcp {]Im-c-Øn¬ Is≠-
Øm-hp∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS XØz-Øns‚ DZv`hw
Cßs\ hni-Z-am-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-I-fn¬: ""hntZin-
I-fmb aX-{]-t_m-[-Isc {i≤n-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ Xs‚ ka-Im-en-I-cmb
Nne Ad-_n-I-sf-t∏mse apl-Ω-Zn\pw tXm∂n Xs‚ IpSpw-_-°m¿°v
ssZh-hn-[n-bpsS ktµ-i-sa-Øn-°m≥ \nbp-‡-\mWv Xms\∂v; aX-{]-
`m-j-W-ß-fnse a‰p ktµ-i-hm-l-I¿ a‰p≈ P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fn-te°v Ab-
°-s∏-´-t]m-se-Øs∂.'' {KŸ-Im-cs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ad-_n-
`m-j-bpsS AZv`p-Xm-h-l-amb Ignhv Imc-W-amWv Xs‚ D]-tZ-jvSm-°-
fn¬\n∂v hnNn-{X-amb ]Z-L-S-\-bn¬ tI´-dn™ Imcy-ß-sf√mw kc-
f-amb Ad-_n-bn¬ hnfw-_cw sNøp∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hnP-bn-°m≥ At±-
l-Øn\v Ign-™Xv. AXm-Is´ icn°pw Imcy-߃ ]d™p a\-€n-
em-°n-Ø-cm≥ Ign-bmØ B hntZ-in-I-f√. km£m¬ ssZhw-X-s∂-
bmWv X∂n-eqsS kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v apl-Ω-Zns\ kzbw tXm∂n-
∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Jp¿-B≥ ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p-Zv`-hn-®-XmWv F∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂
]q¿W-amb Hc-Zv`p-X-amWv, apkvenw ]fin-X≥amsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-
tØmfw, Jp¿-Bs‚ `mj. F∂m¬ Jp¿-Bs‚ Aam-\p-jnI hisØ
{KŸ-I¿Ømhv as‰mcp coXn-bn-emWv t\m°n°m-Wp-∂Xv. At±lw
]d-bp∂p: Cu km£y-s∏-Sp-Ø-ens‚ KpW-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \msa¥v hnNm-
cn-®m¬X-s∂bpw (Cu L´-Øn¬ {KŸ-I¿Ømhv Xnb-tUm¿ t\m-
28 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
ƒtkmIv Nq≠n-°m-Wn® Jp¿-B-\nse `mjm-]-c-amb \yq\-X-I-fpsS
Hcp \o≠-]-´nI ^p´vt\m-´mbn Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øn-´p≠v.) AXv `mjm-a-\-
kvI-amb Hcp kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ k{º-Zm-b-amWv. AXv Xs‚ I¿a-
sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ apl-Ω-Zns‚ k¶-ev]-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \∂mbn {]Xn-
]m-Zn-°p∂p. Xs‚ \m´p-Im¿°v ]pWy-h-N-\-߃ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥
\nbp-‡-\mWv Xm≥ F∂v kzbw [cn-®p-h-im-b-Xn\v tijw kzm`m-
hn-I-ambpw AXns‚ cN-\°v th≠ Icp-°ƒ Is≠-tØ-≠-Xmbn
h∂p At±-l-Øn\v F∂v {KŸ-Im-c≥ XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p. C°m-c-
W-Øm¬ At±lw, ""]fin-X-∑m-cp-ambpw C{km-tb-ens‚ a°-fp-
ambpw Iq´p-tNcp-Ibpw Xs‚ ]≤-Xn°v Bh-iy-am-bXv Fs¥m-s°-
bm- t Wm Ah- b n¬\n- s ∂√mw kzoI- c n- ° p- I bpw sNbvXp.
ss{IkvXh˛PqX ]mc-º-cy-hp-ambn apl-Ω-Zn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]cn-Nbw
hep-Xm-bn-cp∂p. Jp¿-Bs‚ aX-]-c-amb ]Z-L-S\ PqX˛ss{IkvXh
kmln- X y- Ø n¬ D]- t bm- K n® hm°p- I - f p- a m- b p≈ Aº- c - ∏ n- ° p∂
kmZriyw hnfn-t®m-Xp∂p. Ckvem-an\p apºp≈ Ad-_n-I-fn¬ aX-
{]-t_m-[\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS sNep-Ø-s∏´ D∂X kzm[o-\-hp-
am-bp≈ \o≠Xpw ASp-Ø-Xp-amb hy‡n-_-‘-Øn¬\n∂p am{Xta
CØ-c-sam-∂p-≠m-hp-I-bp≈q. Fs¥m-s°-bm-bmepw \ap-°n-ß-s\-
sbmcp \nK- a - \ - Ø n- s eØmw: Xs‚ i{Xp- ° - f mtem A\p- b m- b n- I -
fmtem As√-¶n¬ Xs‚ Nn¥-bntem Hcp {]iv\w Hcn-°¬ D∂-bn-
°-s∏-´m¬ ]pXnb hnh-c-߃ e`n-°m≥ apl-ΩZv i‡-ambn {ian-
®n-´p≠v. ]gb GI-ssZh hnizm-km-[n-jvTn-X-amb aX-ß-fn-ep≈ apl-
Ω-Zns‚ Nnc-hn-kvar-X-amb hn⁄m-\-Øn-ep≈ Du∂¬ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn
\mw Jp¿-B-\n¬ Is≠-Øp∂p. Cu ]cn-{i-a-߃ kar-≤-amb ^e-
ß-fp¬]m-Zn-∏n-®n-´p≠v. Ah apl-Ω-Zns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb km¿h-
eu- I n- I - X sb ]q¿W- a m- ° p- I bpw At±- l - Ø ns‚ krjv S n- b mb
Ckvem-an\v AXns‚ aqØ ktlm-Z-cn-am-cp-am-bp≈ sshIm-cn-I-amb
ASp-∏sØ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. CXns‚ ^ew Zqc-hym-
]-I-am-bn-cp∂p.''
ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mb Hcp {]hm-N-I-s\∂ \ne-°p≈ apl-Ω-Zns‚
]¶n-s\ \nµn-°p-Ibpw Jp¿-B-\nse apgp-h≥ Znhy-kq-‡-ß-sfbpw
Xs‚ Ime-Øv \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ [m¿an-Ihpw _p≤n-]-chpw kmaq-
ln-I-hp-amb i‡n-I-fp-am-bp≈ apl-Ω-Zns‚ Bfl-\n-jvT-amb {]Xn-I-
c-W-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶n¬t]mepw Xs‚
hmZ-Øns‚ A¥y-L-´-Øn¬ Hcp `mKnI kXy-sa-¶nepw {KŸ-I¿Øm-
hv kΩ-Xn-t°≠nhcp-∂p≠v. At±lw ]d-bp∂p: ""F∂m-¬t]mepw
AsXmcp ASn-Ød sI´n-bp-≠m-°n-bn-´p≠v. Cu ASn-Ø-d-ta-emWv apl-
Ω-Zns‚ ac-W-Øn-\p-tijw (632 F.Un.) \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ aX-hn-⁄m-\-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 29
Øn-s‚bpw \nb-a-Øn-s‚bpw Nn¥-bp-sSbpw aµncw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øn-
bXv. Cu ]≤Xn AXns‚ BZy-]m-T-߃ apl-Ω-Zn\v GXm≠v Ccp-
\qdv sIm√-߃°v tijw ]q¿Øn-bm°n. 1111˛-¬ A¥-cn-® Ckvem-
anI ]cn-jvI¿Ømhpw B[ym-fln-I\pw aX-]-fin-X-\p-amb K€m-en-
bpsS ImeØv AXv AXns‚ Hu∂-Xy-Øn-se-Øn-t®-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
hnizm-kn-I-fmb apkvenw-I-fp-t≈-S-tØmfw Imew Ckvemw hf¿®
{]m]n-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬, \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønepw Ckvem-ans‚
]pXnb Ah-ÿm-¥-c-߃ Z¿i-\o-b-amWv. Fß-s\-bm-bmepw hnI-
kn-X-amb Ckvem-an\v Bh-iy-amb F√m khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw, As√-
¶n¬ H´p-ap-°mepw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw Jp¿-B≥ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p≠v
F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv icn-bm-bn-cn°pw.''
]Sn-™m-d≥ Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-I-fpsS cN-\-I-fn¬ Hcmƒ ho≠pw
ho≠p-a-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ hnNn-¥-\-Øns‚ {]mXn-\n[y kz`m-h-ap≈
Hcp amXrI tKmbn-‰nbs‚ hm°p-I-fn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ \ap°v e`n-°p∂p.
GsXm-cmƒ°pw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Ah-K-Wn-°m-\m-hmØ Hc-Sn-ÿm-\-
Øn¬\n∂p e`n® hnh-c-W-ßsf, \nb-a-ßsf B{i-bn-®p-\n¬°p∂
B[p-\nI ]mfin-Xy-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-ß-fp-ambn kao-I-cn-°m-\mWv
CX-{Xbpw {]Jym-]n-X-am-bn-Øs∂ sNbvXXv; Ah-bpsS {]k-‡n-sb-
°p-dn®v Gsd-sbm∂pw \ap°v a\-€n-em-hp-∂n-s√-¶nepw Jp¿-B≥ Hcp
ssZhnI {KŸ-a√ F∂ {]kvXmhw \ΩpsS apºn-ep≠v. ssZhnI hN-
\ambn {]Jym-]n-°-s∏´ H∂v ap≥Im-e-ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ aX-km-l-
N-cy-ß-fn¬\n-∂p-Zv`hn® Nne \qX-\-amb Bi-b-_o-P-ß-fpsS K¿`-
[m-c-W-Øn-s‚tbm AS-bn-cn-∏n-s‚tbm ^e-am-bp-≠m-b-XmWv F∂pw,
Cu {]{Inb {]Xy-£-Øn¬ Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy-Po-hn-bn-eq-sS-b√,
adn®v a\p-jy-h¿K-Ønse hnNn-{X-am-Xr-I-bmb Hcp D]-t_m-[-a-\-€n¬
kw`-hn-®-Xm-sW-∂p-amWv Cu {]kvXmhw ]d-bp-∂Xv. B hmZw kzoI-
cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv Hcmƒ \n›-b-ambpw GXv \ne-hm-c-Øns‚ ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn¬ hn[n-\n¿Wbw \S-Øn-bmepw cN-\-bnepw ]Z-L-S-\-bnepw
ssien-bnepw Aam-\p-jnI kz`mhw ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcp Ah-Xo¿W
{KŸ-sØ X\n°v ]n≥]n¬ hnt´-®p-t]mb Hscm‰ apl-ΩZv am{Xta
Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-´p≈q F∂v a\-€n-em-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Ad_n kmln-
Xy-Øn-ep-≠mb BZysØ enJn-X-{K-Ÿ-amWv Jp¿-B≥ F∂pw C°-
gn™ Bbn-cØn \m\qdv h¿j-ß-fmbn AXv Ad_n kmln-Xy-Øns‚
hf¿®-bp-sS-ta¬ B[n-]Xyw ]pe¿Øp∂p F∂p-ap≈ Imcyw ad-°m-
hp∂-X√. Ad_n `mj kwkm-cn-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n, As√-¶n¬ Hcp
shdpw hnizmkn {]kvXpX {KŸ-Øn-s‚ kmlnXy sshin-jvSy-Øn-
s‚bpw Kmw`o-cy-Øn-s‚bpw Hu∂-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw ambnI kzm[o-\-Øn¬
BIr-jvS-\m-bn-Øs∂ h¿Øn-°p∂p F∂Xv Xo¿®-bmbpw Hc-Zv`p-X-
30 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
at√?
Jp¿-B≥ ssZhnI {KŸ-amWv F∂ hy‡-amb kXysØ \ntj-
[n-°m≥ tUm. tKmbn-‰n≥ ]e Ir{Xn-a-amb \nK-a-\-ß-fnepw FØn-
t®-cp-∂p≠v. Jp¿-B-\nI shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ e`n®p F∂-h-Im-i-s∏´ a\p-
jy≥, Aan-X-amb hnIm-c-hn-£p-_v[-X-bp≈ Bfm-sW∂v Icp-Xm\pw
As√-¶n¬, Jp¿-B≥, kq{X-im-enbpw ]fin-X-s\∂ \mSyw ]pe¿Øp-
∂-h-\p-amb Hcmtfm aXn hn{`-a-Øns‚ ASn-atbm X\n°v \nb-{¥-W-
an-√mØ Nne i‡n-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-amb a\-€ns‚ DS-a-bmb Hcmtfm
aps∂m-cp°w IqSmsX cNn-®-Xm-sW∂v Icp-Xm\pw, Cu {KŸw ssZh-
Øn¬\n∂v {]hm-N-I\v e`n-®-Xm-sW∂ tIh-e-kXyw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂Xv
Hgn-hm-°m\pw Hcmƒ°v F√m k`y-amb kXy-ßfpw Dt]-£n-t°-≠n-
hcpw. CØ-cw- hm-Z-ß-sf√mw Cu Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ DØ-cm¿[Øn-
¬ \ap-°p-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ th≠n s]dp-°n-sb-dn-™p-X-cp-∂Xv ]mfin-
Xy-Øn-s‚bpw hn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw DXv_p-≤-X-bp-sSbpw t]cn-em-
Ws{X!
a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS Ah-km-\sØ aX-ambn Ckvem-ans\ kzoI-cn-
t°-≠-Xp≠v F∂ Ckvem-ans‚ Ah-Im-i-hmZw, ssZh-\n¿Wn-X-amb
Hcp XØz-im-kv{X-amWv Jp¿-B≥ F∂pw, Jp¿-B≥ Dƒs°m-≈p∂
\n¿tZ-i-߃ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p ssZhn-I-ambn \n›-bn-®Xpw hnizmkn
kz¥w Xm¬]-cy-Øm¬ A\p-k-cn-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-hp-amb ssZhn-I-
\n-b-a-ß-fm-sW-∂p-ap≈ hkvXp-X-Isf hy‡-ambpw ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bX - mWv. Ah-sb-°m-sf√mw {][m\w {]hm-NI - \
- mb apl-ΩZv kzbw
Hcp apkvenw F∂-h-Im-i-s∏-´n-cp∂p F∂-XmWv. Ckvem-anI \nb-a-
߃°v D]m-[n-I-sfm-∂pw-Iq-SmsX At±lw hnt[-b-\m-hp-Ibpw Xs‚
ac-W-Øn\v hf-sc-s°m-√-߃°v tijw apl-Ω-Zns‚ PohnXw Fß-
s\-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v AXv I¿a-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ Jp¿-B≥
Bbn-cp∂p F∂v Xs‚ `mcy-bm-bn-cp∂ BCi(d)sb ]d-bm≥ t{]cn-
∏n-°p-amdv Znhy-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ ]mT-ßsf `mjm¿Y-Ønepw ssNX-\y-
Ønepw At±lw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. \ΩpsS {KŸ-Im-
c≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xpt]m-se-bp≈ Hcp a\p-jy-a-\-€ns‚ k¥-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p
Jp¿-B≥ F¶n¬ AXv C°-gn™ Bbn-cØn \m\qdv sIm√-ß-fmbn
e£-°-W-°n\v Bfp-I-fpsS a\-€n¬ sNep-Øn-h∂ kzm[o-\sØ
hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ apl-
Ω-Zns‚ Nn¥-Iƒ°v kw`-hn-®Xv CXmWv: ""A\p-{Kl imen-bmb ssZh-
Øn\v Fß-s\-bmWv FÆ-Øn¬ Hcp-]m-Sp≈ Ad-_n-Iƒ°v am{Xw
ssZh-h-N\w FØn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXp-hgn Ahsc A⁄-X-bn-
te°pw k¿h\m-i-Øn-te°pw X≈n-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNøm≥ km[n-°pI?
Cu {]iv\-sØ-°p-dn®v [ym\n®v [ym\n®v ssZh-k-tµiw Hcp Znhkw
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 31
Ad_n `mj-bnepw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂ ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn-e-
t±lw FØn-t®¿∂p. AXm-bn-cn-°s´ X∂n-eq-sS-Xs - ∂-bm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw
thWw. Cu "[ym\-{]-{Inb'bneqsS am{X-amWv Jp¿-B≥ D≠m-bXpw
apl-ΩZv A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\m-bXpw.'' F∂m¬ \ΩpsS ap≥]n-ep≈
Jp¿-B≥, {KŸ-Im-c≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ {]mY-an-Im-i-b-Øns‚
hrØ-]-cn-[n°v ]pdØpt]mIp∂p. AXv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv F√m Ah-
Xo¿W aX-{K-Ÿ-ß-sfbpw {]hm-N-I≥am-scbpw kzoI-cn-°-W-sa-∂m-
h-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw PqX≥am¿°pw {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°p-ap≈ ]mT-ß-fn¬
hcp-Øn-sh® Zp¿hym-Jym-\-߃ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
hnip≤ hN-\-sØ-°p-dn®v CtX coXn-bn-ep≈ hna¿iw F√m
]Sn-™m-d≥ Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-I-fp-sSbpw at\m-`mhw hnfn-t®m-Xp∂p.
ss{IkvX-h-X-bpsS t]cn¬ Ckvem-an-t\mtS‰p-ap-´nb Xß-fpsS ]n≥Km-
an-I-fpsS Ipcn-ip-bp-≤-߃ _p≤n-]-c-amb Xe-Øn¬ XpS-cp-I-bm-W-
h¿ F∂v tXm∂p∂p. a‰-t\Iw aX-ß-sf-t∏mse {InkvXp-a-X-sØbpw
PqX-a-X-sØbpw apkvenw-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿ A{I-am-k-‡cpw
aX-߃ XΩn¬ kam-[m-\hpw cay-Xbpw ]pe¿Øm-\p≈ Ckvem-
ans‚ ]≤Xn kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Ip-tºmƒ am{Xw Ah¿s°-
Xnsc Bbp-[-sa-Sp-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-hp∂p. F∂n-´p-t]mepw ]Sn-
™m-d≥ Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-Iƒ Cßs\ sNøp∂p F∂-XmWv hntcm-[m-
`mkw. Jp¿-B≥ apkvenw-Isf Cßs\ ]d-bm≥ ]Tn-∏n®p: ""\nß-
fpsS ssZhhpw Rß-fpsS ssZhhpw H∂p Xs∂-bmWv, \n߃-°v
\nß-fpsS I¿a-ß-fp≠v, R߃°v Rß-fpsS I¿a-ßfpw.'' CsXm∂pw
Xs∂ i{XpX Ah- k m- \ n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ n- s √- ¶ n¬ Ckv e mw ]d™p:
""\n߃°v \nß-fpsS aXw, R߃°v Rß-fpsS aXw.'' Ckvem-an-
t\mSv Ah¿°p≈ GI FXn¿∏v AXv k¿h hym]nbpw F√mw
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp aX-amWv F∂-XmWv. AXv F√m aX-Nn-¥-
I-tfbpw F√m {]hm-N-I≥am-tcbpw {KŸ-ß-tfbpw BZ-c-]q¿hw kzoI-
cn-°p∂p. F√m-‰n-\p-ap-]-cn-bmbn, a\p-jy-cmin Bsc Bcm-[n-°m\pw
tkhn-°m-\p-amtWm krjvSn-°-s∏-´Xv B ]c-a-{k-jvSm-hmb bYm¿Y
ssZhsØ kzoI-cn-°p∂p. GXm\pw Nne A]-hm-Z-߃ Hgn-®p-\n¿Øn-
bm¬ Ckvem-an-s\-°p-dn®v ]m›mXy ]fin-X≥am¿ \S-Ønb hna¿i-
\-߃°v Imc-W-am-bn-´p≈, XnI®pw \ntj-[m-fl-I-a-s√-¶n¬t]mepw
tZmssjI ZrjvSn-]q¿h-ap≈ Nn¥m-co-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®v hni-Z-ambn ]cn-
tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-a√ CXv.
Ckvemw hnizm-kn-Is - fbpw Ahn-izm-kn-Is
- fbpw th¿Xn-cn®p ImWn-
°p∂p. hnizm-kn-bpsS am{Xw lrZ-bsØ Db¿Øp-Ibpw t{ijvT-am-
°p- I - b p- a mWv Jp¿- B s‚ e£yw F∂- X n- \ m¬ ssZhw a\p- j y-
h¿KsØ ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ {]hm-N-I≥amsc {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p∂p F∂v hniz-
32 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
kn-°mØ Hcmƒ°v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv henb Imcy-am-bn-tØm-
∂m- \ n- S - b n√. Jp¿- B ≥(17: 82) ]d- b p∂p: ""hnizm- k n- I ƒ°v Hcp
ia\(Huj[)hpw Imcp-Wyhpw Bb NneXv Jp¿-B-\n¬ \mw Cd-°n-
bn-cn-°p∂p. A{I-an-Iƒ°v AXv \jvS-a-√msX h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂p-an√.''
Bt]-£n-I-ambn aZo-\-bnse A¥y-Im-e-L-´-ß-fn-emWv apl-ΩZv
\_n \nb- a - I m- c y- ß ƒ aX- ] - c - a mb {]k- ‡ n- b p- ≈ - h - b m- s W∂pw
ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm≥ ]‰mØ `mK-ß-fm-sW∂pw
Icp-Xm≥ XpS-ßn-bXv F∂ A`n-{]mbw Rm\p-≤-cn® {KŸ-Im-c-\mb
tUm. tKmbn-‰n≥ Xs‚ "apkvenw \nb-a-Øns‚ P∑-\n-anjw' (The Birth
hour of Muslim Law ) F∂ D]- \ ym- k - Ø n¬ ]pe¿Øp∂p. CXn\v
At±lw B{i-bn-°p-∂Xv kqd-Xp¬ amC-Z-bpsS 42 apX¬ 51 hsc-
bp≈ kq‡-ß-fmWv. ]cn-tim-[-\-bpsS Bh-iy-Øn-\mbn Ah Xmsg
D≤-cn-®n-´p≠v. kwhm-Z-Øn\v th≠n {KŸ-Im-c≥ D≤-cn® kq‡-ß-
fpsS {]tXyI `mK-߃ Rm≥ ASn-h-c-bn´n´p≠v. hmb-\-°m-c\v D≤-
cn-°-s∏´ `mK-ß-fpsS kµ¿`-߃ icn°pw a\-€n-em-°m≥ th≠n
Rm≥ kq‡-߃ ]q¿W-ambpw \¬In-bn-cn-°-bmWv.
kq‡w 42: ""hymPsØ ({i≤n®v) tIƒ°p-∂-h¿, hne-°-s∏-´Xv
(F¥pw) hngp-ßp-∂-h¿! F∂m¬ Ah¿ \ns‚ ASp-Øp-h-∂m¬
Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ (X¿°w tI´v) hn[n Iev]n-°pI, As√-¶n¬
Ah-cn¬\n∂p hn´p-am-dpI. Ah-cn¬\n∂pw \o hn´p-am-dp-sa-¶n¬
Ah¿ \ns∂ Aev]hpw t{Zmln-°p-I-bn√. \o hn[n ]d-™m¬
Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ \o \oXn-]q¿hw hn[n Iev]n-°pI. Xo¿®-bmbpw
\oXn-am≥amsc A√mlp kvt\ln-°p∂p.''
kq‡w 43: ""Xß-fpsS ]°¬ XudmØv Ccns° Fßs\ Ah¿
\ns∂ Hcp hn[n-I¿Øm-hm-°n-s°m≠v hcp∂p? AXn¬ (Xudm-
Øn¬) A√m-lp-hns‚ hn[nbpw D≠v. F∂n´v AXn-\p-ti-jhpw
Ah¿ ]n¥n-cn-™p-t]m-Ip∂p. Ah¿ hnizm-kn-Iƒ A√.''
kq‡w 44: ""Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw Xs∂ XudmØv Cd°n; AXn¬ am¿K-
Z¿i-\hpw shfn-®hpw D≠v. (A√m-lp-hn\v) A\p-k-c-W-a¿∏n®
{]hm-N-I≥am¿ AXp-aqew bl-qZ≥am¿°p th≠n hn[n I¬]n®p.
(Ah-sc-t∏mse blq-Z≥am-cpsS) d∫n-Ifpw \nb-a-]-fin-X≥amcpw
A√m-lp-hns‚ {KŸsØ Ah¿ ImØp-kq-£n-°p-hm≥ Iev]n-
°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xp-Im-cWw (hn[n Iev]n-®n-cp∂p.). AXn-t∑¬ Ah¿
km£n-I-fp-am-bn-cp∂p. AXp-sIm≠v P\-ßtf \n߃ `b-s∏-S-
cpXv; Fs∂ `b-s∏-Sp-hn≥! Fs‚ ktµ-i-ß-sf-s°m≠v Hcp \n€m-
c-hne \n߃ (]Icw) hmßp-Ibpw AcpXv. A√mlp Cd-°n-Ø-
∂n-´p≈Xv ({KŸw) aqew GsXmcp P\w hn[n I¬]n-°p-∂-Xn-
√tbm, Ah¿X-s∂-bs{X Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ.''
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 33
kq‡w 45: ""Poh\p Poh≥, IÆn\p IÆv, aq°n\p aq°v, ImXn\v
ImXv, ]√n\v ]√v, apdn-hp-Iƒ°v XØpey in£bpw F∂v AXn¬
Ah¿°v \mw hn[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Bcv CXv [¿a-
ambn sImSp-°p-∂pthm At∏mƒ AXv Ah\v (]m]-߃°v) Hcp
{]mb-›n-Ø-am-bn-cn°pw. A√mlp Cd-°nØ-∂n-´p≈Xv ({KŸw)
aqew Bcv hn[n Iev]n-°p-∂n-√tbm, At∏mƒ Ah¿ Xs∂-bs{X
sX‰p-Im¿.''
kq‡w 46: ""Xudm-Øn¬\n∂pw Xs‚ apºn-ep-≈-Xns\ icn-sh-°p-
∂-Xmbn adn-b-ans‚ aI≥ Cukmsb \mw Ah-cpsS Ime-Sn-I-fn¬
]n¥p-S¿∂v Ab®p. Ah\v \mw C≥Po¬ (thZsØ) sImSpØp.
AXn¬ am¿K-Z¿i-\hpw shfn-®hpw D≠v. Xudm-Øn¬\n∂pw
AXns‚ apºn-ep-≈-Xns\ icn-sh-°p-∂-Xmbn, (tZmj-_m-[sb)
kq£n-°p-∂-h¿°v Hcp am¿K-Z¿i-\hpw XtØzm-]-tZ-i-hp-ambn.''
kq‡w 47: ""C≥Po¬ (thZ)°m¿, A√mlp AXn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-
X-\p-k-cn®v hn[n Iev]n-°s´! A√mlp Cd-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv aqew Bcv
hn[n Iev]n-°p-∂n-√tbm At∏mƒ Ah-cs{X \nb-a-ew-L-I¿.''
kq‡w 48: ""({]hm-N-Itc) \n\°v \mw kXy-tØm-Sp-IqSn {KŸsØ
Cd-°n-Ø∂p, {KŸ-Øn¬\n∂pw AXns‚ apºn-ep-≈-Xns\ icn-
sh-°p-∂-Xmbpw AXn-s\ ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂-Xmbpw (H∂mWv Cu
Jp¿-B≥), AXp-sIm≠v A√mlp Cd-°n-Ø-∂Xv A\p-k-cn®v Ah-
cpsS CS-bn¬ \o hn[n I¬]n-°pI. kXy-Øn¬s∏-´Xv \n\°v
h∂p (In´nbn)´p≈-Xn¬ \n∂p(amdn) Ah-cpsS tkz—-Isf \o
]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw AcpXv. \nß-fn¬s∏´ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \nb-a-
kw-ln-Xbpw sXfn™ ]mXbpw \mw sh®p. A√mlp \n›-bn-®n-
cp-∂psh¶n¬, \nßsf Xo¿®-bmbpw Hscm‰ P\-X-bm-°m-am-bn-
cp∂p. F∂m¬ \n߃°v Ah≥ \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xn¬ \nßsf
Ah≥ ]co-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n (bt{X CXv). AXp-sIm≠v \√
{]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ (kXzcw) apt∂-dp-hn≥! A√m-lp-hn-te-°s{X \nß-
fpsS F√m-h-cp-sSbpw aS°w. At∏mƒ \n߃ (At\ym\yw) `n∂n-
®n-cp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Ah≥ \nßsf Adn-bn-°p-∂-XmWv.''
kq‡w 49: ""(A√m-lp-hns‚ I¬]-\-sb-s¥-∂m¬) A√mlp Cd-°n-
bn-´p-≈-Xp-aqew Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ ({]hm-N-Itc) \o hn[n-I-ev]n-
°pI. Ah-cpsS tkz—-Isf \o ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw AcpXv. A√mlp
\n∂n-te°v Cd-°n-Ø∂ - X
- ns‚ (GsX-¶nepw) Hcp `mK-Øn¬\n∂pw
Ah¿ \ns∂ sX‰n®p am‰m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ahsc \o (Icp-X-
temsS) kq£n-®n-cn-°pI. F∂m¬ Ah¿ (Cu ktµ-isØ kzoI-
cn-°msX) ]n¥n-cn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Ah-cpsS ]m]-ß-fn¬
Nne-Xp-Im-cWw Ahsc in£n-°-W-sa∂v A√mlp Dt±-in-°pI
34 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
am{X-am-sW∂v Adn-bpI. Xo¿®-bmbpw a\p-jy-cn¬ A[n-Ihpw
(ssZh-\n-b-asØ) AXn-ew-Ln-°p-∂-h¿ Xs∂-bmWv.''
kq‡w 50: ""F∂m¬ Pmln-enø-Øns‚ hn[n-bmtWm Ah¿ tXSp-
∂Xv? ZrV-hn-izm-k-ap≈ Hcp P\-X-°p-th≠n hn[n I¬]n-°m≥
A√m-lp-hn-s\-°mƒ A[nIw \√Xv BcmWv?''
kq‡w 51: ""A√tbm hnizm-kn-Itf! blq-Z≥am-scbpw {InkvXym-\n-
I-sfbpw \n߃ an{X-ß-fmbpw c£m-[n-Im-cn-I-fmbpw FSp-°-cpXv.
Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw an{X-ß-fs{X. \nß-fn¬s∏´ Bcv Ahsc an{X-
ß-fmbn FSp-°p-∂pthm At∏mƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah≥ Ah-
cn¬s∏-´-h-\mWv. A{I-an-I-fmb P\-Xsb A√mlp t\¿h-gn-bn-em-
°p-I-bn√.''
kq‡w 52: ""F∂m¬ Xß-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ tcmK-ap-≈-h¿, Ah-
cn¬ _≤-s∏-t´m-Sn-s®-√p-∂-Xmbn \o Ahsc ImWpw. Ah¿ ]d-
bp∂p: "Hcp `mKy-Øn-cn-®n¬ (B]Øv) Rßsf _m[n-°p-sa∂v
R߃ `b-s∏-Sp∂p.' F∂m¬ Hcp ]t£, A√mlp hnP-b-
sØtbm As√- ¶ n¬ Ah- ¶ ¬\n∂pw (a‰p h√) \S- ] - S ntbm
sIm≠p-h-t∂°mw. At∏mƒ Ah-cpsS A¥-cw-K-ß-fn¬ Ah¿
Hfn-®p-sh-®n-cp-∂-Xn-t∑¬ Ah¿ a\-kvXm-]-°m-cm-bn-Øocpw.''
tUm: tKmbn-‰n≥ D≤-cn-®n-´n-√mØ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ \mep kq‡-
߃ AtX Jfin-I-bpsS `mK-ß-fmWv. Ah Cu hmZsØ kw_-
‘n-t®-S-tØmfw {]k-‡-amWv. Ah Xmsg sImSp-°p∂p:
kq‡w 53: ""hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]dbpw: "Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah¿ \nß-fpsS
IqsS-Ø-s∂-bm-sW∂v. Xß-fpsS G‰hpw ZrV-amb {]Xn-⁄-I-
fm¬ A√m-lp-hn-s\-s°m≠v BW-bn-´-h¿ Ch-cmtWm? Ah-cpsS
{]hr-Øn-Iƒ ]mgm-bn-t∏mbn. AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿ \jvS-°m-cm-bn-
Øo¿∂p.''
kq‡w 54: ""A√tbm hnizm-kn-Itf! \nß-fn¬s]´ Bcv Xs‚ aXsØ
hn´v (CXc aX- Ø n- t e°v ) Xncn- ™ p- t ]m- I p- ∂ pthm At∏mƒ
A√mlp (thsd) Hcp P\-Xsb sIm≠p-hcpw. Ahsc Ah≥
kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ Ahs\ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw (sNøpw).
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS t\sc Ffn-a-bp-≈-h-cmbn, Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒs°-
Xnsc AXn-i-‡-∑m-cmbn, A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ t]mcm-Sn-
s°m≠v, Bt£-]-Is‚ A[n-t£-]-sØ `b-s∏-Sp-Øm-sXbpw
(D≈-h¿). AXt{X A√m-lp-hns‚ HuZmcyw. Ah≥ \n›-bn-°p-
∂-h¿°v, AX-h≥ \¬Ip∂p. A√mlp hnim-e-amb (HuZm-cy-
ap≈)h\pw Adn-hp-‰-h-\p-am-Ip∂p.''
kq‡w 55: ""Xo¿®-bmbpw \nß-fpsS an{Xw A√m-lphpw Ahs‚
dkqepw kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw am{X-amWv. (B kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 35
Is´) \a-kvIm-cw (IrXy-ambn) \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw kImØv sImSp-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cs{X. Ah¿ (A√m-lp-hns\) \an-°p-∂-h-cp-
as{X.''
kq‡w 56: ""A√m-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs‚ ZqX-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-
sfbpw Bcv an{X-ß-fm-sb-Sp-°p-∂pthm, F∂m¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw
A√m-lp-hns‚ I£n-bs{X hnP-bn-°p-∂-h¿.''
Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃°p≈ Hcp {]am-W-]-{X-am-bmWv D]-
cn-kqNnX hN-\-ß-fpsS `mK-߃ tKmbn-‰n≥ D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv. "Cu
hcn-I-fpsS s]mcpƒ hfsc hy‡-amWv. PqX-k-ap-Zm-b-Ønse Nne
AwK-߃ apl-Ω-Zns‚ tImS-Xn-bn¬ Bh-em-Xn-I-fp-∂-bn®p. ]t£,
AhnsS {]iv\-ß-fp-≠mbn. Hcp-]t£, Hcp I£n At±-l-Øns‚
Xocp-am-\-߃ kzoI-cn-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®n-cn°mw. Cu A[ym-b-Øns‚
Ah-km-\-Øn¬\n∂pw Jp¿-B-\nse a‰p hN-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw {]tXy-
I-ambpw F´mw kqd-bn¬\n∂pw lZo-kn¬ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p≈ \nc-
h[n IY-I-fn¬\n∂pw a\-€n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xpt]mse apkvenw-
I-fpsS CS-bn¬t]mepw Nne¿ tZtl-—°v ASns∏-´n-cp∂p. Ah¿ \_n-
bpsS hn[n-sb-gp-Øp-I-tfmSv hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb Hcp \ne-]m-sS-SpØp.
Bflob t\Xr-Xzhpw Hcp hn[n-I¿Øm-sh∂ \ne-°p≈ Npa-X-e-Ifpw
XΩn-ep≈ ASpØ _‘w ImcWw AØ-c-samcp \ne-]mSv A]-I-S-
I-c-am-bn-cp∂p. Cu L´w-hsc \ΩpsS kn≤m-¥-a-\p-k-cn®v, apl-ΩZv
Xs‚ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°pI F∂ {]h¿Ø-\sØ {]hm-N-I-]-Z-hn-bpsS
`mK- a m- b n- ° - ≠ n- c p- ∂ n√, AXv amt‰- ≠ n- h ∂p. B kabw apX¬
"lpIvap¬ Pmln-enøm' AYhm A‘-Im-c-Im-esØ hn[n-\n¿W-b
coXn Dt]-£n-t°-≠n-h∂p. \nba {]iv\-ß-fpsS Xocp-am\w ssZh-
Ønepw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]nepw apl-Ω-Zns‚ {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-epap≈
hnizm-k-߃ t]mseØ-s∂ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw aX-Im-cy-am-bn-cp∂p.
AXp-sIm-≠mWv Cu Jfin-I°v tijw as‰mcp `mKØv Hmtcm kap-
Zm-bhpw ]q¿W-ambpw hyXy-kvX-amb Ah-ÿ-I-fn-em-sW-∂-Xn-\m¬
bYm¿Y hnizm-kn-Iƒ apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ PqX-∑m-sctbm {InkvXym-\n-
I-sftbm Xß-fpsS c£m-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-°-cp-sX∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv. CXp-hsc
\njv]-£-am-bn-cp∂ \nb-a-Øns‚ hnhn[ hi-ß-f-S°w Pohn-X-Øns‚
F√m afi-e-ß-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ GI-im-k-I-amb H∂m-bn-
Øo¿∂p aXw. apl-ΩZv C°m-cy-Øn¬ ZpxJn-°p∂p. ""ssZhw B{K-
ln-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah≥ a\p-jy-cm-insb Hcp kap-Zm-b-am-°p-am-bn-
cp∂p'' (Jp¿-B≥ 5 :48). ]t£, X¬°mew ssZh-Øns‚ C— CXmWv.
a\p-jy-cmin AX-\p-k-cn-°p-Itb \nhr-Øn-bp≈q.
Cu A`n-{]m-b-Øns‚ KpW-]mTw, Cu shfn-]mSv {]hm-N-I\v e`n-
°p-∂-Xp-hsc Ckvem-an¬ \nb-a-Øn\v aX-]-c-amb {]k-‡n-bn-√m-bn-
36 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
cp∂p F∂mWv. kqd-Øp¬ amCZ \_n°v Ah-X-cn® Ah-km-\sØ
kq‡-ß-fm-sW-∂mWv kmam\y hnizmkw. \n›-b-ambpw Cu A[ym-
b-Ønse aq∂mw kq‡-Øn¬, ""Cu Zn\w \nß-fpsS aXsØ Rm≥
\n߃°v ]q¿W-am-°n-Ø-cn-Ibpw Fs‚ A\p-{K-lsØ \nß-fn¬
Rm≥ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw Ckvemw \n߃°v aX-ambn Rm≥ Xnc-
s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p'' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v, Ah-X-
cn-°-s∏´ Ah-km-\sØ kq‡-am-Wn-sX∂v IcpXmw. Jp¿-B≥ Hcn-
°epw ss{IkvXh˛PqX-aX Z¿i-\-ß-fnse \∑-Isf \ntj-[n-®n-´n-√.
Ah-bpsS sX‰p-Isf AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-an√. Cu hkvXpX ]cn-K-Wn-®m¬,
Ah-cp-am-bp≈ cmjv{Sob _‘-߃ \ntcm-[n-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ Hcp Ime-
L-´-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ PqX-∑m-scbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-sfbpw Ip‰-
s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-d-ßnb kq‡-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn, {InkvXym-
\n-Ifpw PqX-∑mcpw Znhy-kq-‡-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°m-Ø-hcpw, Jp¿-Bs\
hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ coXn Hcn-°epw Hcp \√ k{º-Zm-b-a√. DZm-l-c-W-
Øn\v, Hcm-Zy-Ime a°o shfn-]m-Sn¬ tbip-hns‚ ]p{X-Xz-sØ°p-dn-
®p≈ {InkvXo-b kn≤m-¥sØ ISp-Ø-`m-j-bn¬ hna¿in-°p-∂Xv
\ap°v ImWmw. (A[ym-bw 19, kq‡-߃ 88 apX¬ 92 hsc). F∂m¬
]n¬°m-eØv aZo-\-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ kqd-Øp¬ amC-Z-bn¬
{InkvXym-\n-Isf Ah-cpsS kuay-ioew ImcWw {]iw-kn-°p-∂Xpw
ImWp∂p. Xß-fpsS {]iv\-ß-fn¬ Xo¿∏p-I-ev]n-°m-\p≈ A[n-Imcw
X\n°v \evIn-s°m≠v BZy-ambn Xm\p-ambn Hcp-Sº - S- n-bn-se-Øn-t®¿∂
(AXv aZo-\-bpsS `c-W-L-S\ F∂p-a-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p) hnhn[ aX-hn-`m-K-
߃°n-S-bn¬ Hcp hne-bn-cp-ج \S-tØ-≠n-bn-cp∂p apl-Ω-Zn\v F∂
hkvXpX \ap°v ]cn-K-Wn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ hø. Cu tcJ hnizm-kn-
Ifpw bYvcn-_nse Jpssdin apkvenw-Ifpw Ahsc ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-hcpw
Ah-cp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-hcpw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w Ipcn-ip-bp≤w \S-Øp-∂-
hcpw XΩn-em-bn-cp∂p. IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Ø-hcpw A≥km-dp-Ifpw XΩn-
ep≈ Hcp-S-º-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. PqX≥amsc, Ah-cpsS aX-Øn¬Xs∂
Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øn-s°m≠pw Ah-cpsS Nne {]tXy-Im-h-Im-i-ßfpw Npa-
X-e-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠pap≈ Hcp k‘n {]hm-N-I≥ CXn-
epƒs∏-SpØn. DS-º-Sn-bpsS \mev]-Øn-c≠mw JfinI, Cu tcJ-bp-
ambn _‘-s∏´ I£n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Zpc-¥-߃°v Imc-W-am-tb-°m-
hp∂ Fs¥-¶nepw kw`-h-ß-fp-≠m-bm¬ (X¿°-ßtfm hg-°p-Itfm)
Ah ssZh-Øn\pw ssZh-Øns‚ ktµ-i-hm-l-I-\mb apl-Ω-Zn\pw
ka¿∏n-t°-≠-XmWv F∂v hy‡-ambpw A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p≠v. ssZh-
amWv Cu tcJ-bn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈ Imcy-ßsf G‰-hp-a-[nIw XØz-Zo-
£-tbm-sSbpw kXy-k-‘-X-tbm-sSbpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv˛Cu tcJ
B[n-Im-cn-I-amWv; am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-I-sfm∂pw IqSm-sX-Øs∂ \ap°v
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 37
th≠n kq£n-°-s∏-´-XmWv. GXm≠v F√m ]m›m-Xy ]fin-Xcpw
CXv kzoI-cn-®n-´p-ap≠v. Cu tcJ°v Ft∏mƒ, GXp L´-Øn¬ A`n-
{]m-b]- c - a - mb GI-Xb
- p-≠mbn F∂p tNmZn-®m¬ AXv _Zv¿bp-≤Ø - n\p
apºmWv F∂p ]dbmw. AXp-t]m-seØs∂ AtX DS-º-Sn-bpsS Ccp-
]-Øn-aq∂mw Jfin-I-bn¬ \n߃°n-S-bn¬ A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-
≠m-bm¬ AXv ssZh-Øn\pw apl-Ω-Zn\pw hntS-≠-XmWv F∂v ]d-
™n-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬, Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \n›-b-ambpw {]iv\-
߃ Cu kwhn-[m-\-a-\p-k-cn®v ssZh-Øn\pw {]hm-N-I∂pw hntS-
≠-h-bmWv. ssZh-Øn\pw {]hm-N-I∂pw F∂ {]tbmKw Cu Jfin-
I-bn¬ t_m[-]q¿hw D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv Xs∂ Hcp Znhy-sh-fn-]mSv Cu
kwhn-[m\ {Ia-ßsf Akm-[p-hm°pw F∂v kqNn-∏n-°m-\mWv F∂-
Xn¬ kwi-b-an√. Npcp-°-Øn¬ 42 apX¬ 50 hsc-bp≈ kq‡-߃
Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ CXv Xs∂-bmWv kw`-hn-®Xv. At∏mƒ PqX≥am¿
X\n°v apºmsI D∂-bn® {]iv\-ß-fn¬ \_n°v Xo¿∏v Iev]n-°m-
am-bn-cp∂p. AXn\v apºp-t]mepw Ft∏m-sg√mw Xudm-Ønse \nb-a-
߃ _m[-I-am-hp-∂pthm At∏m-sg√mw PqX≥-am-cpsS {]iv\-ß-fn¬
\_n Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-Øn-cp∂p. ""Hmtcm P\-X°pw Hcp ktµ-i-hm-
l-I-\p≠v'' (10:47) F∂ Hcp a°o-kq‡w Jp¿-B-\n-ep≠v. AXn-
\m¬, Ah-cpsS {]hm-N-I≥ hcp-tºmƒ Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ \oXn-]q¿hw
hn[n-\n¿Wbw \S-Øp∂p; Ah-tcmSv sX‰p-Iƒ sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. 42˛-mw A[ymbw ]Ømw kq‡-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p: ""\n߃
At\ym\yw hntbm-Pn-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬s∏-´ -bm-sXm∂v (BIs´)-˛
A√m-lp-hn-¶-emWv AXns‚ hn[n-Xo¿∏v. Ah-\mWv Ahs‚ c£n-
Xm-hmb A√mlp. Rm≥ Ahs\ `c-ta¬]n-°p∂p; Ah-¶-te°v
Xncn-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.'' \memw A[ymbw Aº-sØm-ºXmw kq‡-
Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""A√-tbm hnizm-kn-Itf! A√m-lp-hns\
A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw dkq-en-s\bpw \nß-fn¬s∏´ A[n-Im-c-ÿ-∑m-
scbpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥. F∂m¬ (GsX-¶nepw) Hcp
Imcy-Øn¬ \n߃ At\ym\yw `n∂n-®m¬ At∏mƒ AXv A√m-
lp-hn-te°pw dkq-en-te°pw Xncn®v Bcm-bpI. \n߃ A√m-lp-
hnepw A¥y-Zn-\-Ønepw hniz-kn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬! AXmWv G‰hpw
\√Xv; A¥y-^-e-Øn¬ AXyp-Ø-ahpw.'' AtX A[ym-b-Ønse
Adp-]Xmw kq‡w t\m°pI: ""\n\°v Cd-°-s∏´ Jp¿-B-\nepw
\n\°v apºv Cd-°-s∏´ {KŸ-ß-fnepw X߃ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-sh∂v
Dd∏v ]d-bp-∂-hsc \o I≠nt√? (Xß-fpsS X¿°-ß-fn¬) ]nim-Nn-
t\mSv hn[nXo¿∏m-cm-bm≥ Ah¿ B{K-ln-°p∂p. F∂m¬ Ahs\
\ntj-[n-°p-hm≥ Ah-tcmSv I¬]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bp-amWv! hnZq-c-amb
hgn- ] n- g - ∏ n¬ Ahsc ]ng- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X n\v ]nimNv Dt±- i n- ° p- I bpw
38 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
sNøp∂p.'' Adp- ] sØm∂mw kq‡- Ø n¬ Cßs\ ]d- b p∂p:
""A√mlp Cd-°n-Ø-∂-Xn-te°pw dkq-en-te°pw hcp-hn≥ F∂v Ah-
tcmSv ]d-b-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ \ns∂ hn´v ]s‰ Xncn-™p-am-dp-∂-Xmbn I]-
S-hn-izm-kn-Isf \o ImWp∂p.'' 24:47˛-¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah¿
]d-bp∂p: "R߃ A√m-lp-hnepw dkq-enepw hniz-kn®p. (Ccp-h-
scbpw) R߃ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂pap≠v.' F∂n´v Ah-cn¬s∏´ Hcp
I£n, AXn-\p-tijw ]n¥n-cn™p If-bp∂p. Ah¿ kXy-hn-izm-
kn-Iƒ A√-Xs∂.'' AtX A[ym-b-Øn¬ XpS¿∂p-h-cp∂ \m¬∏s-
Ø´mw kq‡-Øn¬ Cßs\ ImWmw: ""Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ hn[n I¬∏n-
°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n, A√m-lp-hn-te°pw Ahs‚ dkq-en-te°pw Ah¿
hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, t\m°pI! Ah-cn¬\n∂pw Hcp I£n Xncn-™p-
am-dp∂p.''
tUm. tKmbn-‰n≥ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-ambn Ckvem-
anI \nb-a-Øn\v Ime-s∏m-cp-Ø-sam-∂p-an-s√∂pw {KŸ-Øn-ep-S-\ofw
]pe¿∂p-Im-Wp∂ Hcp N´-h-´-amWv AsX-∂p-amWv CsX√mw ImWn-
°p-∂Xv. \nbaw F∂Xv aX-Øns‚ A¿Y-Ønepw, Ckvem-ans‚ F°m-
eØpw k¿h-hym-]n-bmb aqe-X-Øz-am-sW∂v CXv ImWn-°p∂p. ]cn-
ip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Ah-Xo¿W-{K-Ÿ-amWv. h√-t∏mgpw Hcp hnizm-kn-tbmSv
Hcp Imcyw sNø-W-sat∂m sNø-cp-sXt∂m B⁄m-]n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ
AXv Abmsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw \nb-a-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. X¿°-ß-
fp-≠m-hp-tºmƒ Hcmƒ Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn-\p-th≠n \nb-a-tIm-S-Xn-Isf
kao-]n-°p∂p F∂Xv icn-bmWv. ]t£, AsXm-∂p-am-{X-a√ \nbaw
\n¬°p-∂-Xns‚ Dt±iyw. ]cn-ip-≤n-bpsS Hcp kz`m-h-co-Xn-bmWv
\nbaw. Cu A¿Y-Øn¬ Ckvemw Xs∂-bmWv \nbaw. {]hm-N-Is‚
Pohn-X-Ønse Ah-km-\-L-´-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw PqX-
∑mcpw Hcp hiØpw apkvenw-Iƒ adp-h-iØpw \n∂-t∏mƒ D≠mb
kwL¿jm-h-ÿ°v hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb {]k‡n e`n-®-t∏m-gmWv AXv
\nb-a-am-bp-cp-Øn-cn-™Xv F∂v ]d™v tUm. tKmbn-‰n-s\-t∏mse
X¿°n-°pI F∂Xv, Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬ apkvenw \nb-a-Øns‚ P∑-
k-abw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hc-km-[m-cW k{º-Zm-b-am-bn-cn°pw.
t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse Jp¿-B≥ \nb-a-sØ-°m-tfsd a‰p
Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Iptd-°qSn hni-Z-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p≠v F∂Xv
t\cmWv. IpSpw_ \nbaw, hnhmlw, GsXms° `£-W-ß-fmWv Ign-
t°-≠-sX∂pw Hgn-hm-t°-≠-sX-∂p-ap≈ Imcy-߃, A¥¿tZ-iob
\nb-a-Øns‚ Nne hi-߃ F∂nh Hgn-®p-\n¿Øn-bm¬, Jp¿-Bs‚
CX-c-`m-K-߃ a‰p Imcy-ß-sf-bmWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv. Cu kµ¿`-
Øn¬ AsX-°p-dn®v hnkvX-cn®p ]d-tb-≠-Xn√. Jp¿-B≥ {]Xn-]m-Zn-
°p∂ Imcy-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v a\-€n-em-°m≥ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 39
Xcw-Xn-cn-°¬ aXn-bmhpw.
(F) `uXn-ImXoXhpw Aaq¿Øhpw.
(_n) aX-]cw.
(kn) ss\Xn-Ihpw B[ym-fln-Ihpw.
(Un) A\p-jvTm-\-]-chpw \nb-a-]-chpw.
BZy- t ØXv XØz- N n- ¥ - I - ∑ m¿ Gs‰- S p- Ø p. c≠m- a - t ØXv
"Ieman's\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]fin-X-∑m-cmWv Gs‰-Sp-Ø-Xv. aq∂m-a-tØXv
kq^n-I-fmepw \mem-a-tØXv aX-]-fin-X-∑m-cmepw \nb-a-im-kv{X-⁄-
∑m-cm-ep-amWv ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-´-Xv.
`c- W - L - S - \ m- \ n- b - a - ß - s f- ° p- d nt®m {]hm- N - I s‚ ac- W - t ijw
Ckvem-anse Hcp \n¿Wm-bI ÿm\-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Ckvem-anI Ncn-
{X- Ø n¬Ø- s ∂ Zqc- h ym- ] - I - a mb {]Xym- L m- X - ß - f p- f - h m- ° p- I bpw
sNbvX "Jnem-^Øv' k{º-Zm-b-sØ-°p-dn®v t]meptam Jp¿-B-\n¬
bmsXmcp ]cm-a¿i-hp-an-s√∂v Jp¿-Bs‚ aqe-]-T\w \S-Øp-tºmƒ
a\-€n-em-Ip∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ `c-W-L-S\m \nb-a-sØ-°p-dn®v Jp¿-
Bs‚ ]cm-a¿i-ß-fmbn Fgp-Øp-Im¿ D≤-cn-°p∂ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ kqN-
\-Iƒ Ckvem-anI `cW kwhn-[m-\-Ønt\m `c-W-]-c-amb LS-\t°m
hy‡-amb \n¿tZ-i-߃ \¬Im-Ø{X kmam-\y-amWv.
(i) ""Xß-fpsS Imcy-߃ IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-bm¬ (At\ym\yw)
\nh¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿.'' (42: 38)
(ii) ""Aam-\-Øp-Iƒ Ah-bpsS Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°v Xncn-t®-ev]n-°-
W-sa∂pw \n߃ P\-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ hn[nIev]n-°p-tºmƒ \oXn-
]q¿hw hn[nIev]n-°-W-sa∂pw Xo¿®-bmbpw A√mlp \nß-tfmSv
Iev]n-°p∂p.'' (4: 58).
(iii) ""A√tbm Zmhq-Zv, Xo¿®-bmbpw \ns∂ \mw `qan-bn¬ `c-W-
I¿Øm-hm-°n. AXp-sIm≠v a\p-jy-cpsS CS-bn¬ kXy-tØmsS hn[n
Iev]n-°p-I. tkz—sb \o ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw Acp-Xv.''(38: 26)
(iv) ""A√m-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw dkq-en-s\bpw \nß-fn¬-
s∏´ A[n-Im-c-ÿ≥am-scbpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥! F∂m¬
GsX-¶nepw Hcp Imcy-Øn¬ \n߃ At\ym\yw `n∂n-®m¬ At∏mƒ
AXv A√m-lp-hn-te°pw dkq-en-te°pw Xncn®v Bcm-bpI.'' (4: 59)
(v) ""`qan-bn¬ Ah¿°p \mw A[n-Imcw sImSp-°p-sa-¶n¬ \a-
kvImcw \njvT-tbmsS \ne-\n-dp-Øp-Ibpw kImØv sImSp-°p-Ibpw
\√Xv Iev]n-°p-Ibpw \njn-≤-Imcyw hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-
cm-bn-cn°pw (Ah¿). Imcy-ß-fpsS (F√mw) A¥yw A√m-lp-hn-\p-≈-
Xs{X.'' (22: 41)
cmjv{So-b-amb `c-W-hy-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥ t\cn´v {]tXy-
40 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
I-ambn H∂pw ]d-bp-∂n√. Jnem-^Øv, \n¿_-‘-amb Hcn-kvem-anI
hyh-ÿb - m-sW∂v AXn¬ \n¿tZ-in-®n-´p-an√. tÉn-s‚tbm `cW k{º-
Zm-b-Øn-s‚tbm bmsXmcp cq]hpw Jp¿-B-\n¬ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n-´p-an√.
CXn\v hfsc \s√m-cp -Im-c-W-ap≠v. `c-W-Iq-S-ß-fpsS k{º-Zm-b-߃,
Ah-bpsS B¥-cnI hyh-ÿI - ƒ, ]c-am-[n-Imcw \ne-\n¿Øp∂ hnhn[
Ah-b-h-ß-fpsS LS\, ]c-kv]-c-_‘w apX-em-b-h-sb√mw Ime-
L-´-Øns‚ amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ kml-N-cy-߃°-\p-k-cn®v ]cn-
h¿Ø\ hnt[-b-amWv. F√m P\-hn-`m-K-߃°pw, F√m- Im-e-tØ°pw
{]k-‡-amb, Ckvem-an-s\-t∏m-ep≈ Hcp km¿h-eu-InI aXw, Hcp
`c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-cq]w \n¿W-bn-°pI F∂Xpw AXns‚
kmº-ØnI˛cmjv{Sob {Ia-ß-fpsS cq]-tc-J-Iƒ cNn-°pI F∂Xpw
AXns\ {]tXyIh¬°-cn-°p-I-bm-hpw. kmº-Øn-I-˛-cm-jv{Sob LS-
\-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-amb hni-Zmw-i-߃ e`n-°p-sa∂v Hcmƒ {]Xo-
£n-°p∂ AtX kabw Xs∂ as‰m-cmƒ km¿h-eu-InI aX-Øns‚
kz`m-hsØ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Ncn-{X-Øn¬\n∂v Dƒs°m-
t≈≠ Hcp-Iq´w aqey-ß-fmWv Hcp km¿h-eu-InI aXw \n¿tZ-in-®p-
X-tc-≠Xv. B aX-Øn\v, Gdn-h-∂m¬ XØz-߃ \n¿tZin°mw. B
XØz-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]h¿Ø\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ \n¿W-bn-°m-
hp-∂-XmWv. Cu coXn-bn-emWv Jp¿-B\pw hgn-Im-Wn-®p-X-cp-∂Xv. Jp¿-
B≥ ImWn-®p-X-cp∂ am¿K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v {]h¿Ø\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-
jvI-cn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. s{]m^. a≥kq-dp-±o≥ -A-lvaZv ]ucm-WnI
apkvenw cmjv{S-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Xs‚ D]-\ym-k-Øn¬ (Islamic Studies
for the year 1962, 3rd Volume pages 83 to 204) "Jnem-^Øv' Jp¿-B-\nse
GsX-¶nepw A\p-im-k-\-a-\p-k-cnt®m \_n-bpsS Xncp-hmbv samgn-bn-
eq-sS-bp≈ \n¿tZi-{]-Im-ctam D≠m-b-X-s√∂ \nK-a-\-amWv ]pe¿Øp-
∂Xv. Xm≥ ac-W-Øn\p hnt[-b-\m-sW∂pw Hcp Znhkw acn-°p-sa∂pw
Jp¿-B≥ Xs∂ Xt∂mSv ]d-™-dn-™n-´p-t]mepw {]hm-N-I≥ X\n-
s°mcp ]n≥Km-ansb \ma-\n¿tZiw sNbvXn√ F∂Xv Xm≥ hy‡n-]-
c-ambn F¥m-{K-ln-®n-cp∂p F∂ ]cn-K-W-\-bm¬ kzm[o-\n-°-s∏-Sm-
sX-Øs∂ Xs‚ DΩ-Øns\ Xß-fpsS t\Xm-hns\ Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥
{]hm-N-I-\\p-h-Zn®p F∂Xv sXfn-bn-°p∂p. Jp¿-B≥ Ckvem-ans‚
BK-a-\sØ a\p-jys‚ [m¿an-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb A`yp-∂-Xn-°p-
th-≠n-bp≈ Hcm-tKmf kwcw-`-ambn IW-°m-°p∂p. Cu Ahÿ
{]hm-N-Is‚ Pohn-X-Im-eØpw AXn-\p-tijw Ah-km\ hnNm-c-W-
bpsS Znhkw hscbpw \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-tc-≠-Xp≠v. Hcp temI-hym-]-I-
amb {]ÿm-\-ambn apt∂m-´p-t]m-I-W-sa-¶n¬ ]S-Ø-e-hs‚ ÿm\-
ta-s‰-Sp-°m\pw KXn \n¿W-bn-°m\pw Ign-hp≈ Hcp t\Xmhv \n߃°p-
≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. {]hm-N-Is‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ Ime-L-´-Øns‚
sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v, t\Xm-hns\ Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 41
Imiw DΩ-Øn\v hn´p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xn¬ AZv`p-X-sam-∂p-an√. AXn-\m¬
kap-Zm-b-am-bn-cp∂p t\Xm-hns\ Xnc-s™-Sp-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂Xv. {]k-‡-
amb GsX-¶n-ep-samcp am¿K-Øn¬ B Xnc-s™-Sp∏v \S-tØ-≠n-bp-an-
cp∂p. Aß-s\-bmWv lZvdØv A_q-_-°¿, \_n-bpsS Hcp hn`mKw
A\p-N-c-∑m-cm¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´Xv. lZvdØv Da-dns\ A_q-_-°¿
\ma-\n¿tZiw sNøp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. lZvdØv Da¿ \nb-an® Hcp
Imcym-tem-N-\m-k-an-Xn-bm¬ lZvdØv Dkvam≥ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´p.
lZvdØv Aen Camtam Jeo-^tbm Bbn Ic-tLm-j-Øm¬ kzoI-cn-
°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Hcp {]tXyI Jeo-^sb sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xnse sX‰n-s\-°p-dn®pw
icn-sb-°p-dn®pw ]n¬°m-e-Øp-≠mb Ah-km-\-an-√mØ hmZ-tIm-em-
l-e-߃ Fs‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ A¿Y-c-ln-X-amWv. t\Xm-hns\ sXc-
s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ A¿lX A°m-esØ DΩ-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-amb Ah-
Im-i-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw Hcp Xnc-s™-Sp∏v \S-tØ-≠n-
bn-cp∂p. X߃°n-jvS-ap≈ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp am¿K-Øn¬ B Xnc-
s™-Sp∏v \SØn t\Xm-hns\ \n›-bn-t°-≠Xv B kaq-l-amWv. AXp-
t]m-seØs∂ \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ `c-W-L-S-\-Iƒ Ckvem-an-I-
ambn km[p-hmtWm F∂ hmZ-tIm-em-l-ehpw Ig-ºn-√m-Ø-XmWv. Jp¿-
B\pw {]hm-N-Is‚ kp∂Øpw AsX-°p-dn®v H∂pw ]d-bp-∂n√ F∂
hkvXpX ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ, Xß-fpsS cmjv{Sob˛kmº-ØnI˛kmaq-
lnI-Im-cy-߃ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-
°p-hm≥ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLw AYhm kzmen-lo≥ (\∑-Iƒ sNøp-
∂-h¿) Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sp-tºmƒ Xß-fpsS Imcy-߃ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬
Ah¿ ssIs°m-≈p∂ coXn-Iƒ Ckvem-an-I-amtb aXn-bmhq. Cu
hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Xß-fpsS am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn\v Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d™
XØz-ß-fp≠v. hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw hf¿® t\Sn-sb-Sp-
°p-∂-Xn\v AXp-b¿Øn-∏nSn® aqey-ßfpw Cu XØz-ß-tfm-sSm´n
\n¬°p-Ibpw Ah \n¿W-bn® AXn¿ hc-ºp-Iƒ°p-≈n-sem-Xp-ßn-
\n-∂p-sIm≠v kaq-l-Øns‚ {]iv\-߃ ssIImcyw sNøp-Ibpw
sNøp∂ Ime-tØmfw Ah¿°v Xß-fpsS Imcy-߃ Ckvem-anI `c-
W-LS- \- b
- m¬ \nb-{¥n-°s - ∏-Sp∂p F∂-hI
- m-is
- ∏-Sm≥ Ignbpw. ]t£,
Jp¿-B≥ {]Xy-£-amtbm ]tcm-£-amtbm Ckvem-anI tÉns‚ cq]-
sØtbm LS-\-sbtbm Ip-dn®v H∂pw ]d-bp-∂n√. AXn-\m¬ `c-W-
Iq-S-Øns‚ cq]w \n¿W-bn-°p∂ {ia-Øn-te°v Jp¿-Bs\ hen-®n-g-
t°-≠-Xp-an√. Ckvem-an¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ XØz-߃ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
kaq-l-Øns‚ Imcy-߃ ssIImcyw sNøm-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ta-
s‰-Sp-Ø-h-cpsS s]cp-am-‰-߃°p≈ am¿K-tc-J-I-fm-hp-t∂-S-tØmfw
Imew `c-W-Iq-S-ß-fpsS F√m Adn-b-s∏´ cq]-ßfpw Ckvem-an\v A\p-
42 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
tbm-Py-amWv. BZysØ \mev Jeo-^-am-cpsS `cWw Ah-cpsS ]mZ-
ap-{Z-Iƒ ]n¥p-S-cm-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿°v AXyp-÷z-e-ß-fmb amXr-I-
I-fs{X. Cu A¿Y-Øn-emWv Ckvem-anI \nb-a-߃ \nc-¥-c-ambn
hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp LS-\-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv. AXv Hcn-°epw
\n›-e-a√. CJv_m¬ ]cm-a¿in® Ne-\-Øns‚ XØzhpw Ckvem-
ans‚ cmjv{Sob ico-c-Øns‚ hf¿®bpw AXpƒs°m-≈p∂p.
ap≥Im-e-ß-fn-ep≈ PqX-kw-kvIm-c-tØmSv Ckvem-an-\p≈ IS-
∏m-Sn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ tUm. tKmbn-‰ns‚ Xokn-kn-t∑-ep≈ Cu Ah-
tem-I\w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv, PqXm-bn-k-tØmSv Ckvem-
an-\p≈ IS-∏m-Sn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ aXn-∏n-s\-°p-dn®v ]cm-
a¿in-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. At±lw Fgp-Xnb "Ckvem-ans‚ \mep apJ-
ß-fn'¬ \n∂p≈ (t]Pv 22) Xmsg ]d-bp∂ `mK-߃ ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-
≤-am-bn-tØm-∂p∂p. {]tXy-In®pw Rm≥ ASn-h-c-bn´ Ah-km-\sØ
hcn-I-fnse "ssZh-Øns‚ cl-ky-ß-fn¬ Hcp clkyw' F∂ `mKw
t\m°p-I. At±-l-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-]-camb hni-Zo-I-c-W-
߃t]mepw \nKq-V-X-I-fp-ambn G‰-pap-´p-∂-h-bmWv. Ckvemapw PqX-
a- X hpw c≠pw ssZh- Ø n¬\n- ∂ - h - X - c n- ® - h - b m- s W∂ efn- X - a mb
kn≤m¥w \nKq-V-X-Isf th≠{X IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw
Pohn- X - Ø nse \√Xpw al- Ø p- a mb Fs¥- ¶ n- e p- s am- ∂ n- s ‚- t a¬
ssZh-Øn-t\m-Sp≈ I¿Xr-Xz-]-c-amb Xs‚ {]Xn-⁄m-]-c-Xsb kΩ-
Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥am{Xw B[p-\n-I-\mb Hcp ]fin-X-\mWv Cu {KŸ-
Im-c≥. CXm At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ:
""Ckvemapw PqX-a-Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ cq]-km-
Zriyw Fß-s\-bmWv hnh-cn-°pI. Jp¿-Bs‚ aX-X-Øz-߃°pw aX-
`m-j°pw hn⁄m-\o-b-Øn\pw \nb-a-߃°p-sams° Ah-km-\-cq]w
\evI-s∏´ {]tZ-i-amb aZo\, hºn® PqX-k-aq-l-Øns‚ Bhm-k-tI-
{µ-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v C\nbpw ]d-tb≠ Bh-iy-an√. aZo-\-bn-e-h-X-cn®
kqd-I-fpsS Hmtcm `mKhpw PqX-∑m-cpsS Imcy-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kmZr-
iysØ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. Xs‚ a°m-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ BZy-L-´-ß-
fn¬ apl-ΩZv kqNn-∏n® "C{km-tb¬ a°-fnse ⁄m\n-Ifn'¬ Nne¿,
As√-¶n¬ Hcm-sf-¶nepw PqX-\m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw \mw kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≠v.
Fß-s\-bm-bmepw Hcp aX-Øns‚ kØ, kz`mhw F∂nh t]mep≈
Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hen-sbmcp {]Xn-`mkw kzm[o-\-ß-fm¬ am{Xw hni-Zo-
I-cn-°-s∏-S-cpXv. ImcWw, Hcp-Zm-l-c-W-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬]p-sIm≠v
am{Xw AXv ]n¥p-S-c-W-sa∂v hcp-∂n√. GsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw {]tbm-
P-\-{]-Z-amh-Wsa-¶n¬ kzoIm-cy-X-e-Øn¬ ap≥Iq-´n-bp≈ Hcp am\-knI
Nmbvhpw k∂-≤-Xbpw Bh-iy-amWv. AXn-\m¬ Ckvem-an-s\bpw PqX-
a-X-sØbpw a\-€n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah XΩn-ep≈ kº¿°-sØ-°p-
dn®v ]Tn-°p-∂Xv t{]c-Ihpw {]tbm-P-\-I-c-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 43
bpsS ]q¿hn-I-amb ASp-∏-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ henb tNmZyw DØcw
]d-bmsX hnSp-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw \ap°v DØaw. AXv alm-\mb Hcp
apkvenw Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ ]d-™-t]mse "ssZh-Øns‚ cl-ky-ß-fn¬
Hcp cl-ky-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.'
Ckvem-ans‚ \oXn-Z¿i\w
a\p-jym-h-Imi k¶-ev]-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Ckvem-anI \nb-a-kw-ln-
X-bpsS kØ-sb-°p-dn®v Rms\¥p Icp-Xp∂p F∂Xv Cu {]`m-j-
W-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn-te°v hcp-tºmƒ hy‡-am-°m≥ Rm\m-{K-
ln-°p∂p. Ckvem-anI \nb-a-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®pw B[p-\n-
I-tem-IØv Ah-bpsS {]k-‡n-sb-°p-dn®pw ]Tn-°m≥ Rm≥ sNe-
h- g n® ap∏- t Xmfw h¿j- ß - f n- e qsS hym]n- ® p- \ n¬°p∂ ]cn- K - W -
\m¿l-amb Nn¥-I-fpsS ^e-am-WnXv. a\p-jys‚ kzmÿy-Øn\pw
tamN-\-Øn\pw \ΩpsS \nb-a-kw-lnX \¬Inb Xpey-X-bn-√mØ
kw`m-h-\-Isf Ckvem-anI ho£-W-tIm-Wn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥
AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ F\n°v Ign-tb-≠-XmWv. F∂m¬ Cu Npa-Xe
^e- { ]- Z - a mbn \nd- t h- ‰ - W sa- ¶ n¬ \nb- a - i m- k v { X- Ø ns‚ G‰hpw
{][m\ k¶-ev]-amb \oXn-sb Ckvemw Fßs\ a\-€n-em-°p∂p
F∂v hy‡-am-t°-≠-Xp≠v.
""`qan-bn¬ Ft∏m-gmWv \oXn ]pe¿∂p-Im-WpI?'' \_n-tbmSv Hcn-
°¬ Cßs\ tNmZn-°-s∏´p. ""Hcm-tfmSv as‰m-cmƒ A\oXn sNøp-
∂Xv ImWm-\n-S-bm-hp∂ Hcp hy‡n, A\o-Xn-°n-c-bmb hy‡n-°p-
≠m-hp∂ A{X-Xs∂ thZ\ A\p-`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw
\oXn ]pe¿∂p F∂v ]d-bpI hø''˛ CXm-bn-cp∂p {]hm-N-Is‚ adp-
]Sn. "Ip^v¿' (Ahn-izmkw) Ipd-®p-Im-e-tØ°v Hcp \m´n¬ `cWw
\SØn F∂v hcmw, F∂m¬ A\o-Xn°v A[n-I-Imew Aßs\
44 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
sNøm≥ km[y-a√ F∂v Ckvem-ans‚ \memw Jeo-^-bm-bn-cp∂
lZvdØv Aen A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-´p≠v.
\oXn-]q¿h-I-amb PohnX k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ kwÿm-]-\-Øn-\p≈
Ckvem-ans‚ D]m[n A\o-Xnsb Xpd-∂p-Im-´p-Ibpw AXn-s\-Xn-cmbn
hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ kacw \S-Øp-Ibpw AXn-\n-c-bm-b-h¿°v \jvS-]-
cn-lmcw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpI F∂p-≈-XmWv. Xt‚-Xmb Xe-Øn¬
Xn∑ bYm¿Y-amWv F∂v Ckvemw Icp-Xp∂p. Xn∑ sNøp-∂-Xn-s\-
°p-dn®v Ckvemw Kuc-h-]q¿h-amb ho£Ww sh®p-]p-e¿Øp-∂p≠v.
AXn-\m¬ \∑ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-Ibpw Xn∑ XS-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv
Xß-fpsS Npa-X-e-bm-sW∂p Icp-Xp∂ Hcp hn`mKw Bfp-Iƒ kaq-
l-Øn¬ \ne-\n-ev°-W-sa∂v Ckvemw Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p.
A¥n-a-ambn al-Ømb F√m aX-ß-fp-sSbpw kw`m-h\, Ah ]Tn-
∏n-°p∂ DZm-Ø-amb [m¿anI t_m[hpw B [m¿an-I-t_m[w \S-
∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ Ah \¬Ip∂ A\p-hm-Z-ß-fp-amWv. ""[m¿an-I-X-sb-
°pdn®v ]d-bm-s\-fp-∏-amWv F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an√. ]t£, aXw
IqSmsX \n߃°-Xns\ ^e-{]-Z-am-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√'' F∂v tjm∏-
t\m-h¿ ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah-km-\-ss°°v [m¿anI˛ kZm-Nm-c-
Øns‚ bYm¿Y AwKo-Imcw aX-Øn¬ am{X-amWv; [m¿anI aqey-߃
]c-tam-∂-X-amWv F∂pw Ah a‰p bmsXm-cp-hn[ aqey-߃°pw A[o-
\-a√ F∂p-ap≈ A¿Y-Øn¬, [m¿an-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ am{Xta GXv
i‡nbpw CuSp-\n¬°p-∂p≈q. A[m¿anI am¿K-ßsf B{i-bn-®p-
t\-Snb H∂n-s\bpw Zo¿L-Imew \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√. AXn-
\m¬ [m¿anI \nb-a-kw-ln-X°v hncp-≤-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcmƒ
a\p-jy-]-cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ \nb-a-߃s°-Xn-cm-bmWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv.
CXv Xs∂-bmWv ka-{K-ambn ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Bi-b-ß-fpsS
t{iWn-bn¬ \∑ F∂ Bi-b-Øn\v G‰-hp-ap-b¿∂ ÿm\w \¬Ip-
tºmƒ πmt‰m Dt±-in-®Xpw. At±-lsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXm-
bn-cp∂p G‰hpw D∂-X-amb aqeyw. F¥mWv icn F∂pw F¥v sNøp-
∂-XmWv DNnXw F∂pw \tΩmSv ]d-bpI F∂-XmWv [m¿an-I-X-bpsS
Npa-Xe. \nb-a-kw-ln-X-bpsS Npa-X-e-bm-Is´, a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ kl-
Po-hn-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬
t\cn´p ]¶p-h-ln-°m≥ {]m]vX-amb Xc-Øn¬ AØcw kZm-Nmc Imcy-
߃ \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-I-bmWv. \nb-a-߃ aX \nc-t]-£-am-sW-¶n¬
Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah aX-\n-c-t]-£-amb Xe-Øn¬ am{Xta \S-∏n-em-°m≥
Ign-bp-I-bp≈q. F∂m¬ Ah aX-]-c-am-sW-¶n¬ Cu Pohn-X-Øn¬
am{X-a√, hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ Pohn-X-Ønepw \ΩpsS sNbvXn-Iƒ°p-≠m-
tb-°m-hp∂ hn\m-i-I-c-amb {]Xym-Lm-X-߃IqSn Ah \S-∏n-em-
°p-tºmƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂p.
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 45
F√m L´-ß-fnepw, a\p-jys‚ [m¿anI ]ptcm-KXn bp‡n-Nn-¥-
bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p. ss\Xn-I-amb hf¿®-bpsS
ap≥Km-an-bmWv bp‡n-]-c-amb hf¿®. _p≤n-]-c-amb hf¿®bpw kZm-
Nm-c-]-c-amb hf¿®bpw HsØm-cp-an-®p-t]m-Ip∂p. temIØv \√-h-\m-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ep-≈-\∑ F¥mWv F∂ tNmZyw tSmƒtÃmbn apX¬
\ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønse Nn¥-I¿ hsc-bp≈ Hcp henb hn`mKw Bfp-
I-tfmSv tNmZn-®p-t]m∂ Hcp tNmZy-amWv. Hcp A[m¿anI kaq-l-Øn¬
kzbw c£-{]m-]n-°m≥ kZm-Nmc \nc-X-\mb Hcp a\p-jy\v F¥v
sNøm≥ Ignbpw F∂Xv ]e-t∏mgpw tNmZn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ as‰mcp
tNmZy-amWv. [m¿an-I-amb Hcp ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ shdpw hy‡n-bpsS
Ah-Imi-hm-Z-ß-sf-°mƒ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-߃°v
Db¿∂ hne-bp≠v F∂v \mw Icp-Xp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ am{Xta Cu tNmZy-
߃°v DØcw ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp≈q. kZm-Nm-c-Øns‚ Imcy-
Øn¬ bqWn‰v shdpw kv{Xotbm ]pcp-jt\m A√. a\p-jy-cmin H∂-
S-¶-amWv. _p≤n-]-c-amb hf¿®-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ hy‡n am{X-amWv
aqey-hm-l-I≥. Abm-fn-eq-sS-bmWv a\p-jy-cmin H∂-S¶w KpW-a-\p-
`-hn-°p-∂Xv, Cu hkvXpX Hcmƒ a\-€n-em-°ntb aXn-bmhq. kZm-
Nmc Nn¥ ]q¿W-amb a\p-jym-h-ÿ-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-In-S-°p∂p.
A\n-hm-cy-am-b-sX-¶nepw, \mw Cu Ah-ÿ-bpsS Hcp `mKw am{X-
amWv. Hcn-°¬ {i≤-bpsS tI{µ _nµp a\p-jys‚ ssPh-L-S-\-
bn¬\n∂p tImi-Øn-te°v am‰-s∏´p Ign-™m¬, AXm-bXv a\p-
jy-cm-in-bn¬\n∂v hy‡n-bn-te°v As√-¶n¬ kmaqlnI {]iv\-
ßfpƒs°m-≈p∂ kmam-\y-amb hy‡n-_-‘ß-fn¬-\n∂v XnI®pw
hy‡n-]-c-amb kz`m-h-Øns‚ aqey-ß-fpsS am{Xw ]cn-K-W-\-I-fn-
te°v am‰-s∏-´p-I-gn-™m¬ [m¿an-IX AXns‚ Npa-X-e-I-tfm-Sp≈
kXy-k-‘X Ah-km-\n-∏n°pI Xs∂ sNøp∂p. Aßs\ AXv
h‘yhpw {]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p.
bp‡n-Nn-¥-bpsS AXyp-∂X tkm]m-\-ß-fn-se-Øn-t®¿∂ {Ko°v
Nn¥-I¿, X߃°v Fs¥ms° km[y-amtWm Ah-tbm-sSms° BIm-
hp-∂{X Iqdv ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-s°-Øs∂, icn-bmb s]cp-am‰w
F∂ {]iv\sØ \oXn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv ]cn-K-Wn-®Xv. Ah-
cpsS e£yw \oXn-am-\mb a\p-jy≥ Bbn-cp∂p. \oXn-am-\mb a\p-
jy≥ F∂Xv Hc-aq¿Ø k¶-ev]-ambn ImWm≥ \n߃°v Ign-bp-I-
bn√. ImcWw, \oXn F∂Xv AXn- s ‚ G‰hpw sNdnb cq]-
Øn¬t]mepw a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-amWv.
\oXn-am-\mb Hcp a\p-jy\v \oXn-bpsS Cu e£ysØ IqSp-X¬
hym]vX-am-°m≥ ]mI-Øn¬ a\p-jy-_-‘-߃°v hnim-e-amb {]k-
‡n-bp-≠m-th-≠-Xp≠v. Xo¿®-bmbpw Cu Zni-bn¬ Jp¿-B≥ Iptd-
°qSn ap≥t]m´p t]mIp∂p. a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv A\oXn {]h¿Øn°p∂
46 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
a\p-jys\, Xt∂m-Sp-Xs∂ A\oXn sNøp-∂-h-\m-bmWv Jp¿-B≥
KWn-°p-∂Xv. \mw Pohn-°p-Ibpw Nen-°p-Ibpw \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂ hnim-e-amb Hcp ka-\z-b-Øn¬, A\o-Xn-]q¿hw {]h¿Øn-
°p∂ Hcmƒ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ X\n°v Xs∂ A]-ISw hcp-Øn-sh-°p-
I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv F∂-XmWv CXn\v ImcWw. Abmƒ kzbwXs∂
Cu hyh-ÿ-bpsS Hc-hn-`m-Py-L-S-I-am-Wt√m. a\p-jy-cmin H∂-S¶w,
Jp¿-B≥ A\p-k-cn®v H‰ hy‡n-sb-t∏mse˛\^vkp≥hm-lnZ˛bmWv
krjvSn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xv. Hcp a\p-jys\ h[n-°p-tºmƒ \n߃ a\p-
jy-cm-insb apgp-h-\p-amWv arX-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv.
]n¬°m- e Øv saUn- ‰ - t d- \ n- b ≥ temIØv {Ko°v Nn¥- b psS
km‘y-th-f-I-fn¬ {Ko°v bp‡n-hn-Nmcw Hcp Xncn-®-Snsb t\cn-Sp-
Ibpw sshtZ-inI kzm[o-\-ß-fm¬ hnIr-X-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
XZv^-e-ambn \oXn-am-\mb a\p-jy-s\∂ Bibw tÃmbn-°p-I-fp-
sSbpw F∏n-Iyq-dn-b≥am-cp-sSbpw (Bfl-kw-b-an-I-fp-sSbpw kpJm-
k-‡-cp-sSbpw) Iogn¬ ⁄m\n-bmb a\p-jy≥ F∂ Bi-b-Øn\v
hgn-am-dn-s°m-SpØp. Pohn-X-Øn¬ A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ thZ-\-I-
fn¬\n∂pw IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-fn¬\n∂pw F√m kzm[o-\-ß-fp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v
kzbw c£-s∏-Sm-\p≈ D]m-b-߃ apgp-h≥ Adn-bp∂ Hcmƒ F∂-
XmWv Cu k¶-ev]-Øns‚ A¿Yw. {Ko°v˛tdma≥ temI-ß-fpsS
c≠v aX-߃ tÃmbn-kn-khpw F]n-Iyq-dn-b-\n-k-hp-amWv F∂v Hcp
{]apJ \c-hw-i-im-kv{X-⁄≥ ]d-bp∂p. Pohn-X-Øns‚ `mKy-hn-]-
cyb-ß-fp-sSbpw ]co-£-W-ß-fp-sSbpw ^e-ß-fn¬\n∂v Xmc-X-ay-X-
e-Øn-ep≈ hnap-‡n-sb-¶nepw hy‡n-°p-≠m-bn-cn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬
hy‡n-kz-`m-hsØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-amdv a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-
ep≈ _‘-Øns‚ {Iao-I-c-W-amWv Xß-fpsS e£yw F∂ \ne-
°√ Cu c≠p aX-ßfpw Nn¥n-®Xv. Aßs\ [m¿an-IX AXns‚
{i≤ a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-ß-fpsS {Iao-I-c-W-
Øn¬ tI{µo-I-cn-°m-Xmbn. ]Icw a\p-jys\ kzbw krjvSn® Hcp
temI-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-°m-Wm\pw Ahs\ Biz-kn-∏n-°m\pw kpJ-
s∏-Sp-Øm\pw XpSßn. Cu {]{Inb ]n∂oSv Hcp-]-Sn-IqSn aptºm´v
t]mbn, \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ XØzNn¥m-[n-jvTnX aX-ß-fpsS e£yw
⁄m\n-bmb a\p-jy≥ F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p. AXv ]pWy-hm-f≥ F∂-
Xn-te°v FØn-t®¿∂p. AXm-bXv, GsX-¶nepw Zpcn-X-߃ A\y-
sctbm Xs∂-X-s∂tbm hnj-an-∏n-°p-tºmƒ, AXn¬ kpJw Is≠-
Øp-Ibpw A¥-cw-K-ß-fn¬ im¥n A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp
a\p-jy≥ Zpcn-X-ß-fpsS Imc-W-ßsf C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ Cu
k{º-Zmbw, adn®v \nXy-im-¥n-bpsS temI-tØ°v {]th-in-°-W-sa-
¶n¬ Cu temIØv Zpcn-X-ß-f-\p-`-hn-°pI Xs∂ thW-sa∂ anYym-
Z¿i-\-Øm¬ a\p-jy≥ \bn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Aßs\ a\p-jy-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 47
Zp-cn-X-߃, F¥n\v a¿Z-\-ßfpw `oI-c-hm-gvN-I-fpw-t]mepw, th≠{X
FXn¿°-s∏-SmØ Hc-hÿ h∂p. a\p-jy≥ Ah-bpsS ]nSn-Ø-Øn¬
\n∂v tamNn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-´n√. ]Icw Ah-bp-ambn tbmPn-®p-t]m-hm-\mWv,
H‰-hm-°n¬ ]d-™m¬ Ah-bn¬ kpJw Is≠-Øm-\mWv \n¿tZin-
°-s∏-´Xv. Abmƒ°v aX-Øns‚ [mcmfw Bizmk hN-\-߃ \evI-
s∏´p. F¥v kw`-hn-®mepw AsXms° \√ _p≤n-tbmsS kzoI-cn-
°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏´p. ImcWw, AXm-Wt√m hn[n. hn\-bm-\zn-X\pw
A\p-k-c-W-io-e-\p-am-Wt√m Ah-km\w kz¿K-km-{am-Py-Øn¬ {]th-
in-°pI. Aßs\, a\p-jy¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-ß-fpsS N´-h-´-߃,
Xn∑-bpsS D®m-S\w, \∑-bpsS kwÿm-]\w XpS-ßnb [m¿an-I-X-bpsS
e£y-߃ ImWm-a-d-bØv \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ad-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-am-Wp-
≠m-bXv. \oXn-am-\mb a\p-jy≥ F∂ k¶ev]w ⁄m\n-bmb a\p-
jy≥ F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn\pw ]n∂oSv ]pWy-hm-f≥ F∂ k¶-ev]-
Øn\pw hgn-am-dn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Xn∑ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øn\v Xpey-am-
sW∂pw AXn- \ m¬ \oXn- ° p- t h- ≠ n- b p≈ Zmlw [m¿an- I - a mb
\∑bpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb t{ijvT-X-bp-am-sW∂v AXp-hsc \ne-\n-
∂n-cp∂ [mcW Nne t{ijvT kml-N-cy-ß-fpsSbpw tXm∂-ep-I-fp-
sSbpw hnIm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw [mc-W-I-fp-ambn Iq´n-°p-g-bm≥ XpSßn.
B [mc-W-I-fpsS DS-a-ÿm-h-Im-i-am-Is´, Pohn-X-Øns‚ e£y-ambn
Icp-X-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Bi-b-ß-fpsS Cu hyXn-bm-\-Øns‚ ^e-ambn kZm-Nmcw, icn-
bmb s]cp-am‰ coXn, a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn-ep≈ \oXn F∂nh a\p-jy-cm-
in-bpsS bYm¿Y \∑sb hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p∂ Ahÿ C√m-Xmbn.
hy‡n-bpsS am{Xw \∑-bp-ambn XmZmflyw {]m]n-°p-∂-X√, adn®v \ne-
\n¬]ns‚ as‰mcp Xe-Øn¬ kw`-hn-t°≠, hy‡n-bpsS tam£-hp-
ambn XmZmflyw {]m]n-°p∂ AXns‚ bYm¿Y Npa-X-esb AXv h¿Pn-
t°-≠-Xmbpw h∂p.
a\p-jy≥ GsXmcp hn]p-e-amb am\p-jnI LS-\-bpsS Ahn-`m-Py-
L-S-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂pthm B ssPhLS-\-bp-ambn icn-bmbn _‘w
]pe¿ØpI F∂-XmWv kZm-Nm-c-Øns‚ Npa-Xe. Cu [m¿an-I Npa-
Xe-bpsS AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amb ASn-Ø-d-bm-Is´, \oXn-bmWv. Rm≥
apI-fnep≤-cn® \c-hwi imkv{X-⁄≥ Cßs\ Iq´n-t®¿°p∂p: \oXn
F∂Xv Hcp kz¿Kob e£y-a√, AsXmcp \n¿am-Wm-flI k¶-ev]-hp-
a√. Nne DZmØ ho£-W-߃ \n¿an® Hcp¬]-∂-hp-a√ AXv. AXv
Xn∑-bpsS, A\o-Xn-bpsS \ntj-[w am{X-amWv. bmsXmcp hn[-Øn-ep≈
tkz—m-]-c-amb a¿Z-\-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-cp-sX∂pw a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-t\mSv
sNøp∂ tkzOm-]-c-amb lnwk-I-fp-≠m-h-cp-sX∂pw AIm-c-W-amb
A[n-t£-]-ßfpw {Iqc-X-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-cp-sX∂pw AXm-h-iy-s∏-
Sp∂p. AXn-\m¬, A[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚tbm Ah-Im-i-Øn-s‚tbm Ir{Xn-
48 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
ahpw hymP-hp-amb B[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Pohn-X-Ønepw Nn¥-
bnepw I¿a-ß-fn-ep-sam∂pw a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-\m¬ a¿Zn-°-s∏-S-cpXv.
sX‰v F∂ hm°n\v \mw Fs¥¶n-ep-sam-c¿Yw \¬Ip∂ Ime-tØmfw,
\mw GXv coXn-bn¬ t\m°n-°-≠mepw AØcw Imcy-߃ sX‰p-Iƒ
Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw. AØcw Xn∑-I-fn¬\n∂p ap‡n Bh-iy-s∏-SpI
hgn, a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚ Ah-Im-i-ap-d-∏n-°pI am{X-amWv sNøp-∂Xv.
Cu Ah-Imiw bmsXmcp hn[ DS-º-Sn-bp-sSbpw hyh-ÿ-bmbn Dd-∏n-
°-s∏-´X√, Hcp \nb-a-kq-{X-Ønepw hy‡-ambn FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°m-
hp-∂-Xp-a√. F∂m-epw AXv ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcm-hiyw Dƒs°m-
≈p∂p. kZm-Nm-c-Øns‚ {]k-‡n-bpsS ASn-thcpw kØ-bp-am-WXv.
sX‰n¬\n∂v Xncn-®-dn™p ImWm-hp∂ icn-bm-WXv. sX‰ns\ C√m-
Xm-°pI F∂-XmWv [m¿an-I-X-bpsS Ipd-°m-\m-hmØ an\naw. B
Ipd-°m-\m-hmØ an\n-a-Øn-t∑¬ GXv amXr-Im-]-c-amb [m¿anI
hnIm-c-Øns‚ DØpw-K-ku[w sI´n-s∏m-°n-bmepw icn-bpsS {]mY-
an-I-amb aqe-XØz-߃ kp`-{Z-am-hmØ Ime-tØmfw, Xn∑ Xe-bp-
b¿Øn-\n¬°p∂ Ime-tØmfw, AXn\v bmsXmcp ^e-hp-ap-≠m-hp-
I-bn√, AØ-c-sam-sc-Sp∏v [m¿an-Ita Bbn-cn-°p-I-bn√. Hcp a\p-
jy\v, As√-¶n¬ kaq-l-Øn\v, kzbw kZm-Nm-c-\n-c-X-ambn IW-
°m- ° - s ∏- S - W - s a∂ GsX- ¶ n- e p- s am- c - h - I m- i - a p- ∂ - b n- ° W- s a- ¶ n¬
Ah¿ Xn∑ sNøp-∂Xv \n¿Øntb Xocq. sX‰p sNøp-∂Xv Hgn-hm-
°p∂, A\oXn Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb kml-Ncyw
krjvSn-°m\-h¿°v Ign-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Ah¿ F{X DZm-Ø-amb hnIm-
c-߃ ]pe¿Øn-bn´pw, D∂X hnNm-c-ß-fpsS A`w-Kp-c-amb B\µ
\n¿hr-Xn-bn¬ F{X-am{Xw Bdm-Sn-bn´pw AXp-sIm≠v bmsXmcp ^e-
hp-ap-≠m-Im≥ t]mIp-∂n√.
Xn∑-bp-ambn G‰p-ap-´pI F∂Xv [m¿an-I-X-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-a√,
]Icw A\o-Xn-°n-c-bmb lrZ-b-Ønepw Bflm-hnepw Nne DZmØ
`mh-\-Iƒ Ac-°n-´p-d-∏n-°pI F∂-Xm-sW∂ hmZw Aº-c-∏n-°p∂
^e-߃°v Imc-W-ambn. AX-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jy-cmin Hcp bpK-Øns‚
Bcw-`-Øn\v km£yw hln®p. Cu bpK-Øn¬ kZm-Nm-c-Øns‚
Dt±iyw Xn∑sb sNdp-Øp-\n-ev°p-I-b√. ]Icw AXn\v Iosgm-Xp-
ßp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. \oXn hym]-I-am-°p-I-b-√, A\o-Xn°v ap≥]n¬
XeIp\n-°p-Ibpw AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p [m¿an-I-X-
bpsS e£yw. Cu PmXn hmZ-ß-sf-bmWv Rm≥ t\csØ D≤-cn®
\c-hwi imkv{X-⁄≥ ]p—n-®p-X-≈n-bXv. ChnsS kZm-Nm-c-Øns‚
F√m Npa-Xe - I - fpw Iogvta¬ adn-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. hmkvXh - Ø
- n¬ AXv
Xn∑sb sNdp-Øp-\n-ev°m-Xn-cn-°pI F∂ Bi-b-sØ-bmWv ]n¥p-
W-°p-∂Xv. h¿K-hn-Im-ksØ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw AØ-
c-samcp ss\XnI hnIm-cØ - ns‚ hyXn-Ne - nX ^e-ßf - n-eqsS AXv t\sc
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 49
FXncp sNøp∂p. AXn\v a\p-jys‚ `mhn-sb-°p-dn-®p-≠m-bn-cp∂
F√m DXvI-WvT-Ifpw \jvS-s∏-Sp∂p. kwL-Sn-X-ambn Ifhv ]d-™p-
sIm-≠p-t]mepw Nhn-´n-Øm-gvØ-s∏-´-h-s\- Biz-kn-∏n-°m-\p-Zy-an-°p∂
Hcp- X cw Xe- X n- c n™ Nn¥m- K - X n- b m- W Xv . Xe- X n- c n- ™ - X m- s W\v
kzbw tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Imcy-߃ t\m°n-°m-Wp∂ Cu
coXnsb ]p—n-°m≥ tUm. ^mƒ´m Un {Kmjymsb t{]cn-∏n-®Xv Cu
Nn¥m-K-Xn-bm-bn-cn-°Ww. At±lw ]d-bp∂p: ""\oXn-bpsS k¶ev]w
ss{IkvX-h-X°v Xo¿Øpw A]-cn-Nn-X-amWv, _p≤n-]-c-amb kXy-
k-‘-X-sb-t∏m-se-Øs∂. ss{IkvX-h-X-bpsS ss\XnI ImgvN-∏m-
Sns‚ afieØn\v ]pd-ØmWv AXv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv. ss{IkvX-
hX ˛sshIr-X-ßtfm Nm]-ey-Øn-s‚bpw sX‰p-I-fp-sSbpw ^e-am-
bp-≠mb {]tbm-K-ßtfm Bbn X≈n-°-f™ hymJym-\-ß-f√ Rm≥
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv, adn®v AX-Xns‚ kØ-bn¬ G‰hpw BZ¿im-fl-
I- ß - f mb k¶¬]- ß fpw ssNX- \ y- Ø ns‚ G‰hpw DZm- Ø - a mb
{]mZp¿`m-h-ß-fp-amWv˛A\o-Xn°v hnt[-b-cmb a\p-jy¿°v kam-izm-
khpw kpJhpw hmKvZm\w sNbvXXv. F∂m¬, A\o-Xnsb Xncn-®-
dn-bm≥ t]mepw ]‰mØ hn[-Øn¬ AXv \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
AXv `mcw hln®p Xf¿∂- h ¿°pw ZpxJn- X ¿°pw ]oUn- X ¿°pw
kvt\l-Øns‚ \nb-a-߃ {]Jym-]n®p. am∏p \evI-en-s‚bpw A\p-
I- º - b p- s Sbpw Npa- X - e - I ƒ {]Jym- ] n®p. ssZh- Ø ns‚ ]nXrXzw
hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. F∂m¬ DZm-Ø-X-bpsS D®-tImSn F∂ \ne°v
a\p-jys\ kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw as‰√m ss\Xn-Im-i-b-ß-sfbpw {]k-
cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX aX-]-chpw ss\Xn-I-hp-amb hnIm-c-ß-fpsS
IpØn-sbm-gp-°n¬ kmam-\y-\oXn, kmam-\y-amb kXy-k-‘X F∂n-
h°v ÿm\-an-√m-bn-cp∂p. a\p-jys‚ ZpxJ-߃°n-S-bn-te°v, XØz-
Zo-£-bn-√mØ a¿Z-\-Øn-s‚bpw A\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw CS-bn-te°v ZpxJ-
Øns‚ aX-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v kpJhpw klm-\p-`q-Xnbpw
\¬In-s°m≠v amXr-Im-{In-kvXym\n, AYhm ]pWy-hm-f≥, Hcp amem-
J-sb-t∏mse BIm-i-ß-fn¬\n∂v Cd-ßn-h-cp-∂Xv \mw ImWp∂p.
]t£, Cu ZpxJ-Øns‚ ImcWw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv XnI®pw, Abm-
fpsS t_m[-Øns‚ ]cn-[n°v ]pd-ØmWv. icn-sbbpw sX‰n-s\bpw
Ipdn-®p≈ GsX-¶nepw [mc-W-I-fpsS aßnb {]Im-iw-t]mepw CXn-
s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Abm-fpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn-te°v {]th-in-°pt∂ C√. AXv
hkvXp-X-I-fpsS hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb Hcp {Ia-amWv; temIØv ssZh-
Øm¬ \nbp-‡-amb Hcp `c-W-k-{º-Zm-b-amWv; ssZhnI imk\w
]m]n-I-fp-sS-ta¬ Npa-Ønb hnNm-c-W-bmWv.''
Ckv e m- a n¬ A\p- I º ssZhnI KpW- a m- s W- ¶ nepw \oXn
{]h¿Øn-°p-hm-\p≈ Bh-iy-I-X-bn-ep≈ Du∂¬, "BImiw CSn-
™p-ho-Wmepw' F∂ {]tbmKw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse ]c-a-{]-[m-
50 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
\-amWv. Ckvem-anI ss\XnI hyh-ÿ-bpsS ku[w i‡-am-bp-d-∏n-
®n-´p≈ {]ew-_-I-ambn IW-°m-°p∂ k¶ev]w \oXn-bmWv. Jp¿-
B-\n¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈ A{I-a-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \oXn sNtø≠
Bh-iy-I-X-bne-p≈ Jp¿-B-\n-I-amb Du∂¬ ]cs° Adn-b-s∏-´-
XmWv. Rm\-h-bn-te°v IS-°p-∂n√. \memw A[ymbw 105˛mw kq‡-
Øn¬ \_n-tbmSv, P\-߃°n-S-bn¬, X\n°v e`n® Znhy-{]-t_m-[-
\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hn[n I¬]n-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
h©- I ≥am¿°v th≠n hmZn- ° p- ∂ - h - c n¬s∏- S - c p- s X∂v At±lw
Xm°oXv sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. AtX A[ym-b-Ønse
135˛mw kq‡-Øn¬ \ap°v Cßs\ ImWmw: ""A√tbm hnizm-kn-
Itf! A√m-lp-hn\v th≠n km£ywhln-°p-∂-h-cmbn \n߃ \oXn-
bpsS ]cn-]m-e-I≥am¿ Bbn-cn-°p-hn≥. AXv \n߃°v Xs∂tbm
amXm- ] n- X m- ° ƒt°m ASpØ _‘p- ° ƒt°m FXn- c m- b n- ´ m- s W-
¶nepw icn, Abmƒ [\n-It\m Zcn-{Zt\m Bhs´ (\nß-sf-°mƒ)
A√mlp Ccp-h-tcmSpw Gsd ASp-Øs{X.'' Bdmw A[ym-b-Øns‚
152˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ \oXn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ DXvIWvT AXns‚ G‰hpw
Db¿∂ Xe-Øn-se-Øp∂p: ""A\m-Y-°p-´n-bpsS apX-ens\ G‰hpw
DØ-a-amb hn[-Øn-e-√msX Ah≥ {]mb-]q¿Øn FØn-t®-cp-∂Xv
htc°v \n߃ kao-]n-°-cpXv. Afhpw Xq°hpw \oXn-tbmSv IqSn
\nd-th-‰pI. \n߃ kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXv _‘p-°ƒ°v FXnsc
BsW- ¶ n¬X- s ∂bpw \oXn]pe¿- Ø pI. A√m- l p- h ns‚ {]Xn-
⁄bpw \nd-th-‰pI..'' ssZh-im-kn-X-amb in£-Iƒ Npa-tØ-≠-Xp-
≈-Xn-\m¬ l±p-Iƒ Npa-Øm≥ hn[n-I¿Øm-hn\v hf-sc-°p-d™
hnth-N-\m-[n-Im-cta D≈q. {]kvXpX l±v in£ Npa-Øp-∂-Xn\v hnk-
Ω-Xn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ AXn-ew-Ln-°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠∂ hkvXp-X-Ifpw
kml-N-cy-ßfpw ÿm]n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßfpw
Npa-X-e-Ifpw I¿i-\-ambn \n¿hln-°-s∏-´n-´p≠v. Ah-bpsS {Iam-
\p-K-X-amb kwÿm-]\w kwL-SnX kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ Npa-
X-e-bmWv. Cu Npa-Xe tÉns‚ \nbaw \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp∂ LS-I-
ß-fn¬ A¿∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. kmaqlnI LS-\-bpsS Poh≥ c£n-
°-s∏-Sm≥ AXym-h-iy-am-sW-¶n¬ hy‡n _en-b¿∏n-°-s∏t´ aXn-
bmhq. Ckvem-an¬ Iq´mb {]h¿-Ø-\-Øn\v {]tXy-I-amb ]hn-{X-X-
bp≠v. F√m Jp¿-B-\nI {]m¿Y-\-Ifpw _lp-h-N-\-Øn-emWv. Xs‚
ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ kaq-l-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXn¬
]s¶-Sp-°m≥th≠n Hcmƒ t]mhp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abmsf kw_-‘n-
®n-S-tØmfw B {]m¿Y-\-bpsS aqeyw Ckvem-an¬ hep-XmWv.
kl-Po-hn-Iƒ°v F√m-X-c-Øn-ep-ap≈ ZpjvIo¿Øn-Ifpw A]-am-
\-ßfpw Gev]n-°p∂ [mcmfw Bfp-I-fp≠v. F∂m¬, Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂
ImeØv Ah-cpsS Xn∑-Iƒs°m-∂n\pw bmsXmcp hn[-Øn-epap≈
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 51
{]Xym- L m- X - ß fpw A\p- ` - h s∏- S m- X n- c n- ° p- ∂ Xv \ap°v ImWm≥
Ignbpw. Cß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw Xn∑ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Bƒ
kl-Po-hn-I-fpsS ta¬ ]cn-°p-I-tf-ev]n-®-tijw Pohn-®p-t]m-cp-∂p-
sh-¶nepw Abmƒ Hcp `mK-am-bn-´p≈ kaqlw, Abmƒ Hcp tImi-am-
bn-´p≈ ssPh-L-S\, A\n-hm-cy-ambpw £tbm-∑p-J-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p.
AXns‚ hf¿®bv°v hnLm-X-߃ t\cn-Sp∂p. A\n-hm-cy-ambpw AXv
C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ]m]-Øns‚ iºfw Ft∏mgpw ac-W-amWv. aX-
\n-b-a-߃ sX‰n-s\-°p-dn®v KpW-tZm-jn-°p-∂-h-bmWv. AXn-\m¬,
\Ωƒ Btcm-sS-¶nepw sX‰v sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Zbm-cl - n-Xa
- m-bn-Øs∂
AXns‚ IW-°p-Iƒ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw sh®v ]d-bn-∏n-°-s∏Spw.
Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ [m¿an-Ihpw _p≤n-]-c-hp-amb hf¿®
km[n-X-am-°p∂ X{¥-]-c-amb XØz-߃ GXv apkvenw Ncn-{X-Øns‚
KXn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emtWm hni-Z-am-°p-∂Xv, B Ncn-{X-K-Xnsb
CXp-t]m-se-bp≈ Hcp {]`m-j-W-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Rm≥ Xp\n-
™m¬ AXv hfsc \o≠p- t ]m- t b°pw. F∂m¬, Ckv e m- a nI
kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ krjvSn-]-c-amb Du¿P-kz-e-X-sb-°p-dn®pw _p≤n-
]-c-amb auen-I-X-sb-°p-dn®pw [m¿an-I-amb al-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p-
ap≈ Xs‚ ho£-W-sØ-°p-dn®v \nß-tfmSv ]d-bm≥ Rm≥ [mcmfw
D≤-cn-®n-´p≈ Fs‚ \c-hwi imkv{X-⁄-\mb kplrØv tUm.
tdm_¿´v {_nt^msb A\p-h-Zn-°pI. ""AØ-c-samcp \nan-j-Øns‚
{]Xym- L m- X - ß ƒ Dƒs°m- ≠ n- ´ p≈ Ckv e m- a ns‚ _p≤n- ] - c - a mb
kwkvImcw AXv sNep-Ønb kzm[o-\-Øn¬ {]I-S-am-hp∂ Hcp-Xcw
ss\XnI hf¿®-tbmSv A\p-Kp-W-ambn `hn®p. {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°pw
PqX≥am¿°pw Hcp-t]mse _lp-am-\hpw ÿm\hpw \¬Ip-Ibpw
PmXn-]-cn-K-W-\-Iƒ ]pe¿Øm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hnim-e-amb aX-
k-ln-jvWp-X-bm¬ ss{IkvXh bqtdm∏v A]-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-I-b√,
tIm]m-Ip-e-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. Fß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-bn-cp-
∂mepw aqdnjv kwkvIm-c-hp-ambn kº¿°w ]pe¿Øm-\n-S-bmb
Nn¥n-°p∂ a\-€p-I-fpsS Zqc-hym-]I kzm[o\w IqSm-sX-bm-bn-cp-
∂n√ AXv. Incm-X-amb bqtdm∏v Hcp-Imcyw kΩ-Xn®p: kvs]bn-\nse
{]`p-°≥amcpw cW-iq-c-\mb, ]S-bm-fnbmb A¬ a≥kq-dn-s\-t∏m-
ep≈ am\y≥amcpw X߃°v \¬Inb [otcm-Nn-X-amb _lp-am-\-
Ømepw D∂-X-amb alm-a-\-kvI-X-bmepw Xß-f-Xn-i-bn-®p-t]m-
sb∂pw kzm[o-\n-°-s∏-´p-t]m-sb-∂p-ap≈ Imcyw. bp≤-Øn¬ Xms\m-
cp-]mSv i{Xp-°sf sIm∂n-´p-s≠∂pw F∂m¬ Hcm-tfm-Svt]mepw A]-
a-cym-Z-bmbn s]cp-am-dn-bn-´n-s√∂pw a≥kq¿ Ah-Im-i-s∏-´n-cp∂p. Ccp-
]Xmw \q‰m- ≠ nse Cw•≠v t]mepw BZ- c - ] q¿hw kv a cn- ° p∂,
A¥€v Xpfp-ºp∂ cmtPm-Nn-X-amb s]cp-am-‰-am-WnXv. {]mIr-X-∑m-
cmb Ipcniv bp≤-°m¿ kem-lp-±os‚ DZm-c-a-\-kvI-Xbpw kz`m-h-a-
52 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
ln-abpw [oc-Xbpw I≠p \mWn®p. cmP-Iob \∑ F∂ Bibw
kzoI-cn-°-s∏´p. Nobless Oblige s‚ ]mc-ºcyw kwÿm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Ad_n Bi-b-ß-fp-ambn AKm-[-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ihn-Xbpw
t{]a IY-Ifpw P\-Iob `mh-\-Iƒ am{Xw cq]-s∏-SpØn. a\p-jys‚
kt¥m-j-ß-fnepw _p≤n-]-c-amb Xm¬]-cy-ß-fnepw kv{Xo°v IqSn
]¶v hln-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ aqdnjv temI-Øns‚ cmP-ho-Yn-I-fn-eqsS
h\n-X-I-fpsS ÿm\-sØ-°p-dn®pw A¥-€n-s\-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ ]pXn-
sbmcp k¶ev ] w bqtdm- ∏ n- t e°pw IS- ∂ p- h - c n- I - b mbn.'' (At±-l-
Øns‚ am\- h - X - b psS \n¿anXn [Making of Humanity] F∂ IrXn
t\m°pI.)
[m¿an-I-X-bp-sSbpw \oXn-bp-sSbpw kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®v Chn-sS-∏-
d™ Bi-b-ß-fn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂Xv {]kvXpX \∑-Iƒ hf¿∂p-
h-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ aÆv _p≤n-]-c-amb kXy-k-‘X BsW-∂mWv. Cu
Bi-b-߃ Hcp Imcyw IqSn hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cp∂p: a\p-jy-h-f¿®sb
kzm[o-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ssZhnI km∂n-[y-Øn\pw XØz-߃°pw Dt±-
iy-߃°pw bmsXmcp ]¶pw hln-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂ a\p-
jys‚ Ncn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ho£Ww Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw Pohn-
X-Ønse ]hn{X Imcy-ß-sf-sb√mw ]p—n®pX-≈p-∂-Xnepw Xß-fpsS
_p≤n-]-c-amb Al-¥bpw IpX-{¥-ßfpw ImcWw ]mWvUn-Xy-Øn-
s‚bpw hn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw t]cn¬ bqtdm-]y≥ _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ
hninjym, Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-Ifpw Ad-_n-Ãp-Ifpw, F{X-am{Xw _‘-s∏-
´n-cp∂p F∂ Imcyw. Hcp ssZhn-I-aXw F∂ \ne-°p≈ Ckvem-ans‚
Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-Øn\v hen-sbmcp hna¿i-\-sam-∂p-a√ CXv. a\p-jys\
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ata-b-amb Hcp tI{µ-Øn¬\n∂v {]Im-ihpw
A\p-{K-l-hp-sa√mw Ah-km\w a\p-jy-cq-]-Øn-te°v Hgp-In-h-cp∂p.
Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]\w CXmWv. ssZhnI kv]¿i-amWv aÆp-sIm-
≠p≈ Hcp cq]sØ a\p-jy-\m-°n-bXv. a\p-jys‚ krjvSn-Iƒ°pw
\nb-a-߃°pw kwkvIm-c-Øn-\p-sa√mw Hcp kz¿Kob am\w \¬In-
bXv Cu ssZhnI kv]¿i-amWv. aÆn-te°v Cu ssNX\yw DuXp-
tºmƒ am{Xw a\p-jy≥ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°p∂p. knssÃ≥ Nm∏-en¬
ssa°-em-©-tem-hns‚ The Creation of man F∂ Hcp Nph¿Nn-{X-ap≠v.
Cu Nph¿Nn-{X-Øn¬ aÆn¬\n∂p a\p-jys\ \n¿an-°p∂ ssZhn-I-
kv]¿i-Øns‚ AZv`pXw {]Xn-^-en-®p-Im-Wp∂p. Cu AZv`pXw Ipd-
®p-Im-e-tØ°v bqtdm∏v AwKo-I-cn-®-XmWv. Hcp ssZhn-I-{]-tbm-K-ambn
amdp∂ Xc-Øn¬ a\p-jy-s\mcp ]cn-Wmaw ssIh-cp-Øp-∂Xv ssZh-
Øns‚ kv]¿i-amWv. a\p-jy-\n-ep≈ ssZhn-Imw-i-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-
tØmSv F{Xbpw Imew A\p-k-c-Wbpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw ]pe¿Øntbm
A{Xbpw Ime-tØmfw bqtdm-∏p-Im-c≥ a\p-jy-t\-´-ß-fpsS D∂-X-ta-
J-e-I-fn¬ h¿Øn®p. F∂m¬, ]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠n¬ UobnÃv XØz-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 53
Nn-¥-I-∑m¿ bp‡n-hn-Nm-c-sa∂ t]cn¬ {]N-cn-∏n® Z¿i\-tØmsS
bqtdm∏v BZy-ambn a\p-jys‚ Xe-°p-ap-I-fn¬ Ahs\ ImØp-kq-
£n-®n-cp∂ ssZhn-I-km-∂n-[ysØ \ntj-[n®p. ]n∂oSv ]sØm-ºXmw
\q‰m-≠n¬ am\-kn-Im-]-{K-Y-\-hp-ambn t{^mbnUpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw
h∂p. At_m-[-a-\-€ns‚ Imcyw ]d-™p-sIm≠v At±lw \c-I-Øn-
s‚ hmXn-ep-Iƒ Xpd-∂p-sh®p. AXp-hsc ssZhn-I-\n-b-{¥-W-Øm¬
Xf-®n-S-s∏-´n-cp∂ A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fmb Ccp≠ i‡n-Isf kzX-{¥-am°p-
I-bmWv CXp-hgn At±lw sNbvXXv. XZv^-e-ambn bqtdm-]y≥ Ncn-
{X-Ønse am¿Ivkn-Ãm-\-¥-c-Im-e-L´w iq\yhpw h‘y-hp-am-bn-Øo-
¿∂p. a\p-jy-cmin Ct∏mƒ ]º-c-hn-UvVn-Ø-Øns‚ Nfn-°p-≠n-te°v
]Xn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv F∂-Xn¬ AZv`p-Xsam∂p-an√. a\p-jys\
kzbw X\n°v apI-fn-te°v, IqSp-X¬ Hu∂-Xy-ß-fn-te°v Db¿Øp-
hm≥ ]cym-]vX-amb auen-I-amb A`n-em-j-ap-≠t√m, AXv C∂sØ
I]-S-im-kv{X-⁄≥am-cm¬ A]-l-kn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. a\p-jy-
]p-{X\v C\n ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m-s\m-∂p-an-√mØ Hcp-Imew h∂n-cn-°p∂p
F∂-Xn¬ AZv`p-X-sam-∂p-an√. Ah≥ Np°m-\n-√mØ Hcp Nßm-S-amWv.
Cu alm-{]-]-©-Øn¬ XpW-bn-√mØ Hc-\mY _me-\mWv.
am\-hn-I-X-sb-Øs∂ H∂-S¶w hne-Ip-d®p ImWn-°p-∂{X Ckvem-
ans\ hne Ipd-®p-Im-Wn-°m≥ bqtdm-]y≥ ]mWvUnXyw B{K-ln-°p-
∂n√. F-∂m¬, Cu ss]im-Nn-I-bp-K-Øn¬ [mcmfw {]Xn-Iq-e-i-‡n-
Iƒ Xe-s]m-°p-∂p≠v. Xn∑-bpsS Cu i‡n-I-tfmSv AS-cm-Sm-\p≈
{ia-߃ t]mepw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kam-[m-\m-¥-co-£-Øn\v
tZmjw sNøp-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv \mw ImWp-∂Xv. AXv CØcw {ia-ß-
tfmSv hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ D≠m-hm≥ Imc-W-am-hp∂p.
ssZh-\n-tj[w, aX-\n-c-t]-£X, \nln-enkw XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS kwL-
Sn-X-i-‡n-Iƒ hf¿∂phcp∂p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv, a\p-jy≥
a\p-jys\ hne-Ip-d-®p-Im-Wm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°mØ Hcp ssZhn-Imw-isØ
hnfn- t ®m- X p∂ Xc- Ø n¬ Bbn- c - Ø n- \ m- \ qdv sIm√- ß ƒ°p- a pºv
Ckvemw \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Isf \mw t\m°n-°m-tW-≠Xv.
H´p-ap-°m-epw -]-Sn-™m-d≥ {]Nm-c-W-°m-cp-sS-sb√mw cN-\-I-fn¬
Hcmƒ ImWp∂ \nKq-Vm-fl-Ihpw iq\yhpw kz]v\-k-Zr-i-hp-amb Z¿i-
\-ß-fn¬\n∂v hn`n-∂-ambn \oXnk¶¬]Øns‚ ]c-a-amb {]m[m-\y-
Øn\pw bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ AXns‚ A¿Y-Øn\pw Du∂¬\¬Inb
tijw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ \nco-£-W-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≠n-´p≈ Hc¿Y-Øn¬
\oXn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\p hf-sc-tbsd {]m[m-\y-ap≠v. Cu kµ¿`-Øn¬
\mw ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ _rlØpw hnim-e-hp-amb \oXn-k-¶¬]-Øns‚
Hcp hiw am{X-amWv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sf-°p-
dn®v kKu-chw N¿® sNøp-tºmƒ Hcp-]mSv Imcy-߃ IW-°n-se-Sp-
t°-≠-Xp≠v. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-tfmfw Aaq¿Ø-ambn as‰m-∂p-an√.
54 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
{]mY-an-I-ambn a\p-jys\ Hcp \n›nX kmaq-lnI-{]-]-©-Øn¬ \mw
Is≠-ØWw. Ahs‚ Ah-Im-i-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv
Ahs\ Hcp {]tXyI kmº-Øn-I-˛cm-jv{Sob˛ kmaq-lnI˛ kmwkvIm-
cnI ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ \n¿Øn \mw t\m°n-°m-WWw.
Ckvem-an¬ F√m Ah-Im-i-ßfpw ssZhnI \nb-a-ß-fm¬ A\p-
h-Zn-°-s∏-´-XmWv. \ΩpsS kl-Po-hn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ t\cn-´-s√-
¶nepw ssZh-Øns‚ \nb-a-kw-ln-X-bn-eqsS DZv`-hn-®-XmWv. Cu {]`m-
j-W-Øns‚ as‰mcp JWvU-Øn¬ \mw {]kvXm-hn® lpJq-Jp-√mln,
lpJq-Jp-∂mkn F∂o Bi-b-߃ apkvenw kaq-l-Ønse AwK-amb
at‰-sXmcp hnizm-kn-°p-sa-∂-t]mse Jeo-^-am¿°pw _m[-I-amWv.
Jeo^ ssZh-tØmSv t\cn´v IW°p]d-tb≠ BfmWv. Abmƒ°v
{]tXy-Im-h-Im-i-ßtfm {]tXyI ]Z-hntbm C√. tImS-Xn-I-fn¬
At±lw IW-°p-]-d-tb-≠-Xp≠v. GsXmcp km[m-c-W-°m-c-s\-bp-sa-
∂-t]mse At±-l-sØbpw AhnsS hnfn-°-s∏Smw. ssZh-Øns‚ {KŸ-
Øn\pw {]hm-N-I-N-cy°pw A\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta At±-
l-Øns‚ A[n-Imcw a‰p-≈-h¿ AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp≈q. F√m A[n-
Im-c-ß-fp-tSbpw Dd-hn-S-amb {kjvSm-hn-t\m-SmWv At±-l-Øn\v DØ-
c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≈Xv. Hmtcm hnizm-kn-°p-a-dnbmw, Jeo-^-bpsS B⁄
[n°-cn-°p-Ibpw AØcw A\p-k-c-W-t°-Sp-Iƒ°p≈ `qan-bnse
in£-I-fn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXmepw hn[n-Zn-\-Øn¬ Xs‚
IW-°p-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ B [n°m-c-߃°v, hninjym,
A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßsf A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-am-dp≈ kz`m-h-Øns‚
hnhn[ hi-߃°v, Zbm-c-ln-X-amb ImTn-\y-tØmsS in£-I-f\p-
`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cp-sa∂v. Cu ]d-™-Xn-\¿Yw aX-Øn¬ tI{µo-Ir-X-
am-bn-´p≈ Hcp ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ a\p-jy\v kz¥-amb bmsXm-c-h-Im-i-
ß-fp-an-s√-∂mWv. GI bmYm¿-Yy-amb ssZh-amWv AhnsS tI{µ-
_nµp. Ah\v Xs‚ {kjvSm-hn-t\mSv Npa-X-e-Iƒ am{X-ta-bp≈q. Cu
Npa-X-e-Iƒ Ah-bpsS hgn°v F√m Ah-Im-i-߃°pw Ah-kcw
\¬Ip∂p; Ah- I m- i - ß ƒ F∂- X p- s Im≠v B[p- \ n- I - t emIw
Fs¥ms° Ah-Im-i-߃ A¿Y-am-°p-∂pthm AØcw F√m a\p-
jym-h-Im-i-߃°pw. hnizm-kn°v kzoI-cn-°m-\p≈ Ht´sd am¿K-
\n¿tZ- i - ß - f m¬ \n¿`- c - a mWv Jp¿- B ≥. Jp¿- B s‚ DZm- Ø - a mb
[m¿an-I-t_m-[hpw \nb-a-]-c-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw hy‡-am-°m-\p≈
DZm- l - c - W - ß - s f∂ \ne°v _\o- C - { km- C u¬ kqd- b n¬\n- ∂ p≈
Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ kq‡-߃ D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p.
kq‡w 23: ""Ahs\ am{X-a-√msX (a‰m-scbpw) \n߃ hW-ß-cp-
sX∂pw amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv \∑ sNø-W-sa∂pw \ns‚ \mY≥
Iev]n®p. Ah-cn¬ Hcmƒ As√-¶n¬ Ah-cn-cp-hcpw \ns‚ Pohn-
X-Im-eØv hm¿[Iyw {]m]n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah-tcmSv (]p—-ambn)
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 55
"sO' F∂p (t]mepw) \o ]d-b-cpXv. Ahsc \o iIm-cn-®p-hn-Sp-
Ibpw AcpXv. Ccp-h-tcmSpw am\y-amb h¿Ø-am\w \o ]d-bpI.''
kq‡w 24: ""Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ NndIv Ccp-h¿°pw \o XmgvØn-s°m-Sp-
°pI. ]d-bpI: "Fs‚ c£n-Xmth! sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Fs∂ Ah-cn-
cp-hcpw t]m‰n hf¿Øn-b-Xp-t]mse Ccp-h¿°pw \o IcpW sNtø-
Wta!''
kq‡w 25: ""\nß-fpsS A¥-cw-K-ß-fn-ep-≈-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v \nß-fpsS
c£n-Xmhv G‰hpw \∂mbn Adn-bp-∂-h-\mWv. \n߃ kZvhr-Ø-
∑m¿ Bbn-cp-∂m¬˛Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah-¶-te°v (]›m-Ø-]n®p aS-
ßp-∂-h¿°v Ah≥ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-h-\mWv.''
kq‡w 26: ""ASpØ _‘p-hn\v Ahs‚ Ah-Imiw \evIpI; Zcn-
{Z∂pw hgn (bm{X)°mc∂pw (\ev I pI). [q¿Ø- S n®v ([\w)
Zp¿hybw sNø-cpXv.''
kq‡w 27: ""Xo¿®-bmbpw Zp¿hy-b-°m¿ ]nim-Np-°-fpsS ktlm-Z-c≥am-
cmWv. ]nimNv Ahs‚ c£n-Xm-hn-t\mSv \µn-bn-√m-Ø-h-\p-as{X.''
kq‡w 28: ""\ns‚ \mY- \ n¬\n∂pw \o {]Xo- £ n- ° p∂ Imcp-
WysØtØSn \o Ahsc hn´p-]n-cn™v t]mIp-s∂-¶n¬ (Xs∂)
Ah-tcmSv \o kuay-amb (Bizmk)hm°p ]d-bpI.''
kq‡w 29: ""(Hcp ]nip-°-s\-t∏mse) \ns‚ ssI \ns‚ Igp-tØmSv
Xf- ° - s ∏- ´ - X m- ° - c pXv . apgp- h ≥ \o´n- s °m≠v (Zp¿hy- b - Ø n¬)
AXns\ Xpd-∂n-Sp-Ibpw AcpXv. At∏mƒ Ah-tl-fn-°-s∏´v
(s]m´n) Xf¿∂p \o Ccp-∂p-t]mIpw.''
kq‡w 30: ""Xo¿®-bmbpw \ns‚ \mY≥ COn-°p-∂-h¿°v (PohnX)
hn`-hsØ hn]p-e-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw, Ah\v (AXv) \nb-{¥n®p
If-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Xs‚ Zmk≥am-sc-°p-dn®v Xo¿®-bmbpw
t\m´-ap-≈-h\pw t_m[-hm-\p-amWv Ah≥.''
kq‡w 31 : ""Zmcn{Zy-`-b-Øm¬ \nß-fpsS k¥m-\-ßsf \n߃ sIm√-
cpXv . \mw Ah¿°v Blmcw \¬Ip- ∂ p≠v ; (AXp- t ]mse)
\n߃°pw. Xo¿®-bmbpw Ahsc sImesNøp-∂Xv Hcp alm-
]m]w BWv.''
kq‡w 32: ""hy`n-Nm-c-tØmSv \n߃ (ASp-°pI) t]mepw AcpXv.
Xo¿®-bmbpw AXv Hcp \oN {]hr-Ønbpw NoØ-h-gn-bp-as{X.''
kq‡w 33: ""\oXn (\S-Øp-hm≥) Bbn-´-√msX A√mlp hne-°n-bn-
´p≈ Hcp Pohs\ \n߃ sImesNø-cpXv. A{Ia hnt[-b-\mbn
Bcv sIm√-s∏-´pthm, At∏mƒ Ah-Im-in°v (\jvS-]-cn-lm-c-Øn\v)
Xo¿®-bmbpw A[n-Imcw \mw \evIn-bn-´p≠v. F∂m¬, sIme-bn¬
(IqSn ]cn-lmcw tXSp-tºmgpw) Ah≥ AXn-cp-I-hn-bm-Xn-cn-°s´!
Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah≥ (\nb-ta\) klm-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\s{X.''
kq‡w 34: ""G‰hpw DØ-a-amb hn[-Øn-e-√msX A\m-Y-°p-´n-bpsS
56 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
apX-ens\ \n߃ kao-]n-°-cpXv˛Ahs‚ {]mb-]q¿Øn FØn-
t®-cp-∂Xv hsc \n߃ Icmdv ]men-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥. Xo¿®-
bmbpw Icmdp(Isf-°p-dn®p hn[n-Zn-\-Øn¬) tNmZn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-
XmWv.''
kq‡w 35: ""\n߃ Af-°p-tºmƒ Afhv \nd-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw t\sc-
bp≈ {Xmkp-sIm≠v Xq°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥! AXv G‰hpw DØ-
ahpw A¥y-^-eØn¬ G‰hpw \√-Xp-as{X.''
kq‡w 36: ""bmsXm-∂n-s\-°p-dn®v \n\°v Adn-hn-√tbm, AXns\ \o
]n¥p-S¿∂p-t]m-I-cpXv. Xo¿®-bmbpw tIƒhn, ImgvN, lrZbw Ch-
sb-√m-‰n-s\-°p-dn®pw tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv.''
kq‡w 37: ""s]mß®w (Im´n)s°m≠v \o `qan-bn¬ \S-°-cpXv. Fs¥-
∂m¬, \ns‚ \SØw sIm≠v `qansb \o ]nf¿°p-I-bn√. Db-c-
Øn¬ ]¿h-X-ß-tfmSv (H∏w) \o FØp-I-bp-an√.''
kq‡w 38: ""Cu kwKXn-I-fn-tem-tcm-∂n-s‚bpw Zqjyw \ns‚ c£n-
Xm-hn-¶¬ shdp-°-s∏-´-Xs{X.''
kq‡w 39: ""hn⁄m\ (XØzß)fn¬ \n∂p \n\°v \ns‚ \mY≥
{]tNm-Z-\-a-cp-fn-b-Xn¬s]-´-XmWv CXv. A√m-lp-hns‚ IqsS as‰mcp
ssZhsØ \o (Iev]n®p)hbv°p-Ibpw AcpXv. F¶n¬ \o Ah-
a-Xn-°-s∏´v, ]cn-Xy-Pn-°-s∏´v, \c-I-Øn-te°v Fdn-b-s∏Spw.''
kq‡w 40: ""F∂m¬ (tl! _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Itf), \nß-fp-sS-
\m-Y≥ \n߃°v B¨a-°sf Xnc-s™-SpØpXcn-Ibpw, ae-°p-
I-fn¬\n∂p s]¨a-°sf Ah≥ kzoI-cn®psIm≈p-I-bp-amtWm?
Xo¿®-bmbpw \n߃ Kpcp-X-c-amb hm°p-X-s∂-bmWv ]d-bp-∂Xv!''
\_n-bpsS Ah-km-\sØ {]kw-K-ambn hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂,
hnS]d-bp∂ l÷ns‚ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ At±lw \S-Ønb {]kw-K-
Øn¬ a\p-jym-hI - m-iß- s
- f-°p-dn-®p≈ G‰hpw \√ ]cm-a¿i-߃ IqSn
ImWm-hp-∂-XmWv. s{]m^. F. Kn√mw Xs‚ Life of Mohamed F∂
IrXn-bn¬ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßsf ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ {]k‡ `mKw X¿Pa
sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Ø-XmWv Xmsg tN¿Øn-´p-≈Xv.
""XZ-\-¥cw ssZh-Zq-X≥ Xs‚ Xo¿Ym-S\w XpS-cp-Ibpw P\-߃°v
A\p-jvTm-\-߃ ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ahsc l÷n-s‚ k{º-
Zm-b-߃ ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n∂o-S-t±lw sNbvX {]kw-K-Øn¬
GXm-\pw Imcy-߃ hy‡-am°n. At±lw ssZhsØ ]pI-gvØp-Ibpw
hmgvØp-Ibpw sNbvX-tijw ]d™p: "a\p-jytc, Fs‚ hm°p-Iƒ
{i≤n-°pI. Cu sIm√-Øn-\p-tijw ho≠pw Cu ÿeØv sh®v Rm≥
\nßsf Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw I≠p-ap-´ptam Fs∂-\n°v \n›-ba - n√. \n߃
\nß-fpsS c£n-Xm-hp-ambn k‘n-°p-∂-Xp-hsc \nß-fpsS c‡hpw
kºØpw ]hn-{X-amWv. Cu Znh-khpw Cu amkhpw ]pWy-am-°-s∏-
´n-cn-°p∂p. \n߃ Xo¿®-bmbpw \nß-fpsS \mY-\p-ambn I≠p-ap-´p-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 57
Ibpw At∏mƒ Ah≥ \nß-tfmSv \nß-fpsS I¿a-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Bcm-
bp-Ibpw sNøpw. Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepw ]°¬ Hcp kq£n∏v [\-ap-s≠-
¶n¬, AXv Xs∂ Gev]n® Bƒ°p-Xs∂ Abmƒ Xncn-®p-sIm-Sp-°s´.
F√m ]en-i-Ifpw d±m-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. F∂mepw \nß-fpsS apX¬
\nß-tfm-Sp Iq-sS-bp≠v. A{Iaw sNøm-Xn-cn-°pI, F∂m¬ \n߃
A{I-an-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn√. ]eni ]mSn√ F∂v ssZhw hn[n-®n-cn-°p∂p.
A∫m-kp_v\p A_vZn¬ apØ-en-_ns‚ ]eni d±m-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p.
{]mIrX Ime-L-´-Ønse c‡-s®m-cn-®n-ep-I-sf√mw Xs∂ {]Xn-Im-c-
an-√msX hntS-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Rm≥ d±m-°p∂ tNmc-bpsS taep≈
BZysØ Ah- I miw Ban- d p- _ v \ p - d - _ oAX_v \ n- l m- c n- k n_v \ n
A_vZn¬ apØ-en-_ns‚ Ah-Im-i-amWv. (_nte-b-Øp-I-tfmSv IqsS
t]m‰n hf¿Ø- s ∏´ Abmsf lpZmbn sIm√p- I - b m- W p- ≠ m- b Xv ) .
{]mIrX Ime-L-´-Ønse BZysØ c‡-s®m-cn-®n-em-WXv. Rm\m-Zy-
ambn ssIImcyw sNøp-∂Xpw AXp Xs∂-bs{X.
"\n߃°v \nß-fpsS `mcy-am-cpsS t]cnepw Ah¿°v \nß-fpsS
t]cn-epw Nne Ah-Im-i-ß-fp≠v. Ah¿ \nß-fpsS InS-∏-d-Iƒ Ahn-
ip-≤-am-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Xpd∂ Ah-e-£-W-tØmsS s]cp-am-dm-Xn-
cn-°p-Ibpw sNøs´. Aßs\ sNbvXm¬, Ahsc {]tXyI apdn-I-
fn¬ ]m¿∏n-°m\pw ImTn-\y-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-√msX Ahsc ASn-°m\pw
ssZhw \nßsf A\p-h-Zn-°p∂p. Ah¿ A°m-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v Hgn-™p-
\n-∂m¬ Ah¿°v Ah-cpsS km[-\-ß-fp-sSbpw hkv{X-ß-fp-sSbpw
ta¬ A\p-`mh]q¿hamb Ah-Im-i-ß-fp≠v. kv{XoI-fpsS ta¬ hn[n-
hn-e-°p-I-tf¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv A\p-Xm-]-tØm-sS-bm-hWw. ImcWw,
kz¥w Bfp-I-fp-sS-ta¬ bmsXmcp \nb-{¥-W-hp-an-√mØ, \nß-fpsS
B{in-X-cm-W-h¿. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp kq£n-∏m-bmWv \nß-
f-hsc Gs‰-Sp-ØXv. ssZhnI hN-\-a-\p-k-cn®p Xs∂-bmWv Ah-cpsS
ico-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v \n߃ B\µw Is≠-tØ-≠Xpw. AXn-\m¬ P\-
ßtf, \n߃°v th≠n Rm\n-∏-d™ Imcy-߃ a\-€n-em-°pI.
Rm\n-hnsS \n߃°v th≠n Nne-sX√mw hnt´-®p-t]m-Ip∂p. ssZh-
Øns‚ {KŸhpw {]hm-N-Is‚ Ncybpw Hcp Xpd∂ kqN-\-bmbn \nß-
fpsS apºn¬ sh®n-cn-°p∂p. \n߃ Ah c≠pw apdpsI]nSn-°p-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcn-°epw \n߃ sX‰n-te°v hgp-Xn-ho-gp-I-bn√. AXn-
\m¬, Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv \∂mbn {i≤n-°pI.
Hmtcm apkvenapw as‰mcp apkven-ans‚ ktlm-Z-c-\mWv. AXn-\m¬,
apkvenw-Iƒ apgp-h≥ ktlm-Z-c-∑mcmWv. Hcp ktlm-Z-c≥ \n߃°v
kΩ-X-tØmsS Xcp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v FSp-Øm¬ am{Xta AXv \nb-a-hn-
t[-b-am-hp-I-bp≈q. AXn-\m¬, \n߃ X-Ωn¬ A{Iaw sNøm-Xn-cn-
°pI.''
1948˛-se a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ A¥m-cmjv{S {]Jym-]\-
58 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-´p≈ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fpsSbpw auenI kzmX-
{¥y-ß-fp-sSbpw kmcmw-i-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ kønZv
A_vZp¬ eØo^v ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ Cßs\ kam-l-cn-®n-´p≠v:
""Cu {]Jym-]-\-Øn\v c≠v e£y-ß-fm-Wp-≈Xv. Hcp hiØv AXv
hy‡nsb `uXnI LS\, [m¿anI hy‡nXzw, sXmgn-emfn, _p≤nbp≈
Hc-kvXnXzw, kaq-l-Øn-sebpw cmjv{Sob hyh-ÿn-Xn-bn-sebpw AwKw
F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ hnP-b-I-c-am-hp-sa∂v ]d-bm-hp∂ kzX-{¥amb
PohnXw \bn-°m≥ k÷-am-°p∂p. adp-h-iØv A¥¿tZiob kulrZ-
Øn\pw temI-k-am-[m-\-Øn\pw Xs‚ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ A¿∏n-°m≥ ]mI-
Øn¬ hy‡nsb Hcp-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.''
]n∂o-S-t±lw Cßs\ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp∂p: ""Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-°p∂
Hcmƒ°v Cu {]Jym-]-\-Øns‚ apJ-hp-c-bntem BZ¿i e£y-ß-
fntem D≈ Hcp hm°p-t]m-eptam {]Jym-]-\-Ønse Hscm‰ Jfin-I-
t]m-eptam ]pXn-b-Xmbn tXm∂p-I-bn√. a\p-jys\ ssZh-Øns‚ sXm´p-
Xm-sg-bmbn {]Xn-jvTn-°p-Ibpw h¿K-Øn-s‚bpw h¿W-Øn-s‚bpw P\-
\-Øn-s‚bpw F√m th¿Xn-cn-°-ep-I-sfbpw D∑q-e\w sNøp-Ibpw a\p-
jy-k-ap-Zm-b-tØmSv ssZh-Øns‚ Htc IpSpw-_-sa∂ \ne°v, As√-
¶n¬ Hmtcm AwKhpw a‰p≈ Hmtcm-cp-Øs\ kw_-‘n®pw CS-b-s\-
t∏m-se-bmbpw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ t£a-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Hmtcm-cp-
Ø\pw IW-°p-]-d-tb≠ hn[-Ønepw, Pohn-°p∂ Hcp kaq-l-sØ-
t∏mse H∂n-®p-Po-hn-°m-\m-lzm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvX Hcp kaq-l-
Øn¬ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ A¥m-cmjv{S {]Jym-]\w ASn-
ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hc-\p-kn-≤m-¥tam Jp¿-B-\nI ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS hym]vX-
h¬°-c-Wtam Bhmt\ Xc-ap≈q. Hcp {]Jym-]\w sIm≠v am{Xw
a\p-jy-cm-insb hfsc Zqc-tØ-s°m∂pw \bn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√. Jp¿-
B-\nI ho£-W-Øn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ XZvkw_-‘-ambn [mcmfw
tNmZy-߃ \ΩpsS {i≤°v hnj-bo-`-hn-t°-≠-Xm-bp≠v.'' XpS¿∂-
t±lw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-°p∂p:
BZy-ambn sFIy-cm-jv{S-°-cm-dn-s‚bpw AX-\p-k-cn®v AwKo-I-cn®
a\p-jym-h-Imi {]Jym-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ A¥m-cmjv{S {]Jym-]-\-
Øn-s‚bpw ]n∂n-ep-≈ -tNm-Z\w F¥mWv? as‰mcp Xc-Øn¬ ]d-
™m¬ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS BsI-bp≈ \∑t°m Xm¬]-cy-Ønt\m
th≠n-bp≈ Hcp ]≤-Xn-bmtWm AXv? AtXm GsX-¶nepw cmPy-Øn-
s‚tbm, As√-¶n¬ Hcp {]tXyI hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ cmPy-ß-fp-sStbm
Xm¬]-cy-߃ c£n-°m-\p≈ Htc¿∏mtSm?
c≠m-a-Xmbn A¥m-cmjv{S {]Jym-]-\-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp∂
Ah-Im-i-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw C∂v kwkvIr-X-sa-∂-h-Im-i-
s∏-Sp∂ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp cmjv{S-Øn\v F√m Ah-Im-i-ßfpw ]cn-c-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 59
£n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v Ft∂m _m°n-bp-≈-h¿°p-th≠n Fs¥-¶n-ep-
samcp kwhn-[m\w D≠m-°n-bn-´p≠v Ft∂m Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØm-Sp-
IqSn Dd-∏n-®p-]-d-bm≥ Ign-bptam? Ah \S-∏n-em-°m-\p≈ {]mcw`
\S-]-Sn-Iƒ Hmtcm cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw `c-W-Iq-S-Øn¬\nt∂m \nb-a-
\n¿amW k`-I-fn¬\nt∂m htc-≠-XmWv F∂v hy-‡w. Cu {]Jym-
]-\sØ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw CXnse hyh-ÿ-Isf \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-
Ibpw sNøm-\p≈ Xm¬]-cyhpw DZm-Ø-a-\-€pap≈ Bfp-Isf D∂X
ÿm\-ß-fn-te-‰p∂ H∂mtWm Hmtcm cmPy-Øn-tebpw cmjv{Sob
cwKw?
Ah-km-\-ambn Cu c≠p tcJ-Ifpw e£y-am-°p∂ temI-{Iaw
temI-Ønse F√m cmjv{S-߃°pw kzoIm-cy-amb, s]mXp-hmb Dt±-
iy-Øn-\p-th≠n hmZn-°p∂p. ]t£, C∂sØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ temIw
tkmhn-b‰v djy-bp-tSbpw Ata-cn-°-bp-tSbpw c≠p Iymºp-I-fn-embn
hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂-XmWv ]c-am¿Yw. BtKm-fm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-
ep≈ Hcp {Iaw, AXns‚ cq]-sa-¥p-am-hs´, BZy-ambn ]c-kv]cw
kv]¿[ ]pe¿Øp∂ Cu c≠p Bi-b-ßfpw XΩn¬ s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-
Øn-s°m-≠p -am-{Xta, As√-¶n¬ ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-°m-\p≈ Hcp
kwhn-[m\w krjvSn-®p-sIm≠v am{Xta km[n-°p-I-bp≈q. CØ-c-samcp
cmPn-bm-h¬ km[y-amtWm? (The mind that Al-Quran builds, page- 83
ImWpI).
Cu hnjaw ]nSn® tNmZy-߃°v kønZv A_vZp¬e-Øo^v
DØcw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw A¥m-cmjv{S {]Jym-]-\-ß-fn¬ Dƒs°m-
≈n-®n-´p≈ Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS hyh-ÿ-Ifpw B[p-\nI ]m›mXy
temI-Øp≈ P\-ß-fp-sS bYm¿Y k{º-Zm-b-ßfpw XΩn¬ [mcmfw
sshcp- [ y- ß - f p- s ≠∂ Xs‚ A`n- { ]mbw tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø p- I bpw
sNøp∂p. s{]m^. ln‰n-bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬:
""\n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ C°-gn™ Ht∂m ct≠m Zim-_vZ-ß-fn-ep-≠m-
bn-´p≈ ]m›mXy temI-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-߃ apgp-h\pw \√-Xn-\p-
≈-X√. ]Sn-™m-d≥ aX-{]-Nm-c-Icpw A[ym-]-I-∑mcpw anj-\-dn-amcpw
a‰pw {]N-cn-∏n® am\-hn-Im-i-b-ßfpw Ata-cn-°-bn-sebpw bqtdm-∏n-
sebpw cmjv { So- b - ° mcpw tbm≤m- ° fpw am\- h nI aqey- ß - t fmSv
]pe¿Ønb A\m-Z-chpw XΩn¬ {i-t≤-b-amb sshcp-[y-ap≠v. hm°pw
{]hrØnbpw XΩn-ep≈ sshPm-Xy-am-WXv. kmº-Øn-Ihpw tZio-b-
hp-amb aqey-߃°v AanX {]m[m\yw \evI-em-WXv. C°-gn™ c≠v
bp≤-ß-fn¬ hnI-kn-X-sa∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ cmjv{S-ß-fpsS s]cp-am‰w
Ncn-{X-Øn\v Ct∂mfw A]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp am\-Zfiw krjvSn®p.
Xs‚ imkv{X-Øn-s‚bpw b{¥-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw ^e-am-bp-≠m-°n-bXpw
temI-Øn-s‚-ta¬ apgp-h\pw kwlm-c-`o-j-Wn-bp-b¿Øp-∂-Xp-amb `oI-
c-i-‡n-Isf Xpd-∂p-hn-Sm-\p≈ ]m›mXy a\p-jys‚ Ignhv, Ata-cn°,
60 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
Cw•≠v, {^m≥kv XpS-ßnb cmjv{S-߃ ssIImcyw sNøp∂ coXn˛
Ch-sb√mw ]uckvXy cmjv{S-ß-fnse P\-ß-fn¬ Hcp-Xcw taml-`wKw
krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Ah-\m-sW-¶n¬ ]Sn-™m-dp-ambn Hcp-Xcw
_p≤n-]-c-amb hntcm[w ÿm]n-s®-Sp-°m≥ {ian-°p∂p. ]m›m-Xy-tem-
I-Øns‚ Cu \S-]-Sn-I-fmWv Ahsc ]uc-kvXy-\n¬\n∂v A\y-\m°n
am‰n-\n¿Øp-∂Xpw ]m›mXy a\p-jys‚ kz`m-h-Ønepw kzIm-cy-Po-
hn-X-Ønepw s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Ønepw kZm-Nm-c-Ønepw ]uc-kvXy-∂p≈
hnizm-ksØ ]nSn-®p-e-°p-∂Xpw.''
a\p-jys‚ C∂sØ Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sf-°p-dn-
®p≈ A¥m-cmjv{S {]Jym-]-\-Øn-\p≈ kzm[o-\-sØ-°p-dn®v kønZv
A_vZp¬e-Øo^v \S-Ønb hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚
]›m- Ø - e - Ø n¬, a\p- j ym- h - I m- i - ß sf AwKo- I - c n- ° p- I bpw \S-
∏n¬hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Npa-X-e-I-sf-°p-dn®v Ckvem-ans‚
A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv Ckvemw B⁄m-]n® \b-ß-fpsS t{ijvTX {]I-
S-am-°p∂ Nne hnti-jm¬ Imcy-߃ IqSn {]kvXm-hn-t°-≠Xv AXym-
h-iy-amWv.
tÉn-s‚tbm AXp-t]m-se-bp≈ at‰-sX-¶nepw AtXm-dn-‰n-bp-sStbm
\nb-a-ß-fn¬ \n¿tZ-in-®n-´p≈ s]cp-am‰ k{º-Zm-b-ß-tfm-Sp≈ bm{¥n-
I- a mb A\p- h rØn am{Xw aXn {Ia- k - a m- [ m- \ hpw km¿h- { XnI
im¥nbpw ]pe-cm≥ F∂v ]m›mXy temIw hniz-kn-°p∂p. as‰mcp
coXn-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ Ah-cpsS k{º-Zmbw a\p-jys‚ B¥-cnI kml-
N-cy-ßsf _mly-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-I-bmWv. kmaq-lnIhpw kmº-
Øn-Ihpw cmjv{So-bhpw a‰p-amb ÿm]-\-߃°v hy‡n-kz-`m-hsØ
kzm[o-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]¶p≠v F∂-h¿ hniz-kn-°p∂p. CsXmcp sX‰mb
kao-]-\-amWv. ASn-a-Isf am{Xta Aßs\ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ km[n-
°p-I-bp≈q. kzX-{¥-cmb a\p-jysc Hcn-°epw hø. adn®v, Ckvemw
ssZh-Øns‚ i‡n-bpsS ]mc-ayhpw, {]]-©-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-cn-bmb
Xs‚ \mY-t\mSv X\n-°p≈ IS-∏mSpw hnt[-b-Xzhpw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥
a\p-jy-t\m-Sm-h-iy-s∏-´p-sIm≠v Bcw-`n-°p∂p; Ah-km-\-ambn Xs‚
Pohn-XsØ kzbw \nb-{¥n-°m-\m-h-iy-amb s]cp-am‰ coXn-Iƒ \n¿tZ-
in-°pI hgn Ahs\ c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
s{]m^. Un. sUkm‚n-em-\n-bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬:
""\nb-a-kw-ln-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-XØzw ka-Xz-amWv F∂v ]Tn-∏n-
°p-tºmƒ apkvenw \oXn-im-kv{X-⁄-tcmSv \ap°v tbmPn°mw. F√m-
h¿°pw km[y-amb, \ymb-bp-‡-amb kaXzw krjvSn-°m-\p≈ a\p-
jy{]b-Xv\-Øn\v ssZhw Hc-Xn¿Øn \n¿W-bn-®n-´p≠v. ssZh-Øns‚
Cu AXn¿h-c-ºp-I-fn-√msX hcp-tºmƒ kaXzw shdpw A\p-hm-Z-ambn
A[x-]-Xn°pw. Cu A\p-hmZw sNøp∂ Bfn-s\bpw kmaq-ly-hy-h-
ÿ-sbbpw Hcp-an®v \in-∏n-t®°pw. a\p-jy-I¿asØ, Nne {]h¿Ø-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 61
\-߃ A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠pw a‰p NneXv \ntcm-[n-®p-sIm≠pw AXp-
hgn a\p-jys‚ {]mIrX kzmX-{¥ysØ hy‡nt°m kap-Zm-b-Ønt\m
Ign-bp-∂{X D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mI-Øn¬,
Nne AXn¿h-c-ºp-I-fn-sem-Xp°n \n¿Øp∂ \nb-a-ß-sf-bmWv Cu
AXn¿Øn F∂ hm°p-sIm≠v A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv. cq]-sa-¥m-bmepw
Cu \nb-a-߃ Htc e£y-Øn-te°v \oßp-∂p. s]mXp-hmb t{ib€v
(akvel) F∂-XmWv Cu e£yw. AX-\p-k-cn®v auen-I-ambn ssZhn-
Ihpw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambn am\-hn-I-hp-amb \nb-a-߃°v a\p-jy-]p-tcm-
K-Xn-b-√msX as‰mcp e£y-an√; Cu e£yw H‰ t\m´-Øn¬ Hcp-]t£
hy‡-a-s√-∂m¬t∏mepw. ImcWw, Xm≥ GsXmcp ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw
Zbm-hm-bv]n-s‚bpw ]c-a-t{km-X-€mbn h¿Øn-°p-∂pthm Ah-b-{Xbpw
{]I-S-am-°mØ Hcp Imcyhpw sNøm\pw ssZh-Øn\v hø.'' (Legacy of
Islam F∂ IrXn-bn¬ Law and Society F∂ {]_‘w t\m°pI.)
Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ kmcmwiw A¬_-eZv kqd-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-
Øn¬ \ap°v hy‡-am-°mw. AXns‚ Cw•ojv `mjm-¥-c-amWv Xmsg
tN¿°p-∂Xv (A-[ymbw 90).
""]ca Imcp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ Xncp-\m-
a-Øn¬.
A√! Cu ]´-W-sØ-s°m≠v Rm≥ kXyw sNøp∂p. \o Cu ]´-
W-Øn¬ (\nb-{¥Ww \S-Øm≥) A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xs{X. P\-I\pw
Ah≥ P\n-∏n® (k¥-Xn-Ifpw) kXyw. a\p-jys\ Xo¿®-bmbpw
A[zm\ t¢i-Øn-te°v \mw krjvSn®p. Ahs‚ ta¬ Hcp-h∂pw (\nb-
{¥W) i‡n-bn-s√∂v Ah≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂pt≠m? Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p:
"(ta¬°p-ta-embn) A[nIw [\w Rm≥ \in-∏n®p'. Ahs\ Hcp-h\pw
ImWp-∂n-s√∂v Ah≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂pt≠m! c≠v IÆp-Iƒ Ah\v
\mw D≠m-°n-bn-´nt√! Hcp \mhpw c≠p Np≠p-Ifpw. c≠p s]cp-h-gn-I-
sfbpw \mw Ah\v ImWn®p sImSpØp. F∂m¬ (Db-c-Øn-te-°p≈)
ae-ºm-X-bn¬ Ah≥ kml-k-s∏´p Ib-dp-∂n√. (Db-c-Øn-te-°p≈)
ae-ºmX F¥m-sW∂v \n\°v a\-€n-em-bn-´pt≠m? ASn-asb tamNn-
∏n-°p-∂Xv, As√-¶n¬ hni-∏ns‚ Hcp Zn\-Øn\v Blmcw sImSp-°p∂-
Xm-WXv. ASpØ _‘-ap≈ A\m-Y-°p-´n°v, As√-¶n¬ (Zmcn-{Zy-Øn-
s‚) s]mSn Cgp-In-∏n-Sn® ]mh-s∏-´-h\v, F∂n´v hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw £a-
sb At\ym\yw A\p-im-kn-°p-Ibpw Icp-Wsb At\ym\yw sNøp∂-
h-cn¬s∏´ Hcp-h-\m-bn-cn-°pI (F∂-Xp-amWv). Ch¿ heXp (ssIbpsS)
Iq´- c mWv . \ΩpsS ktµ- i - ß - f n¬ Ahn- i z- k n- ° p- ∂ - h ¿˛ CSXp
(ssIbpsS) Iq´-cmWv Ah¿. Ah¿°p-aosX aqS-s∏´ A·n-bm-Ip∂p.''
"A¬_- e Zv ' AYhm \Kcw F∂mWv Cu A[ym- b - Ø ns‚
io¿jIw. Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬, GI-ssZh hnizm-
k-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp aX-Øns‚ hf¿®-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬
62 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
s]mXp-P-\m-h-Im-i-߃ F∂ hnj-b-Øn-t∑-ep≈ hn⁄m-\-Øns‚
A¥-€Ø apgp-h\pw CXpƒ-s°m-≈p∂p. A[ymbw Bcw-`n-°p∂
\Kcw F∂ hm°p-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂Xv a° F∂mWv. Ckvem-ans‚
{]hm-N-Is‚ BK-a-\-Øn\v Bbncw sIm√-߃°p-apºv lZvdØv
C_vdmlow (A) Xm≥ Xs‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-cn¬ Hcp hn`m-KsØ hnt´-
®p-t]mb B acp-`q-an-bn¬ Hcp \Kcw krjvSn-°-s∏-StW F∂pw
(A[ymbw 14, kq‡w 37) Ah-cpsS CS-bn-eqsS Hcp {]hm-N-Is\
Db¿ØtW F∂pw (A[ymbw 12, kq‡w 129) {]m¿Yn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.
At±-l-Øns‚ ]n≥Km-an-I-fn-sem-cm-fmb Ckvem-ans‚ {]hm-N-I-\n-eqsS
Cu {]m¿Y-\°v DØcw \evI-s∏-´-tijw a\p-jy\v \evI-s∏´ Ah-
Imi {]Jym-]-\-Øns‚ kz`m-h-apƒs°m-≈p∂ H∂mWv Cu kq‡w.
CXv \K-c-Øns‚ {kjvSm-hn-\p≈ Hcp kqN-\-bmWv. AtX \K-c-
Øn¬Ø-s∂-bp≈ Bi-¶-I-fn¬\n∂pw \ncm-i-I-fn¬\n∂pw \K-csØ
c£n-°m≥ Hcp {]hm-N-I≥ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc At±-l-Øns‚
k¥m-\-]-c-ºc ITn-\m-[zm-\-Øns‚ GsXmcp ]mX-bn-eq-sS-bmtWm
IS∂pt]mtc-≠Xv B ]mX-bm-WnXv. skan-‰nIv kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ P\n-
]q¿W-X-I-fpsS {]tZ-i-amb a°-bn¬ AXn\v BI-∏m-sS-bp≈ Ime-
L-´-Øn-te°v, A{_-lm-an¬\n∂v apl-Ω-Zn-te-°p≈ a\p-jy-s‚bpw
aX-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-te°v, AXv {i≤Xncn-°p∂p.
a\p-jy≥ _p≤n-ap-´p-Isf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m≥ th≠n krjvSn-
°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Cu _p≤n-ap-´p-Isf AXn-P-bn-°m\pw Pohn-X-Øn¬
A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ ]co-£-W-ßsf kl-\-i-‡n-tbm-Sp-IqSn t\cn-
Sm\pw Ahs\ klm-bn-°m≥ Ahs‚ sNbvXn-Isf apI-fn¬ \n∂p
t\m°n-°m-Wp∂ GtXm Hcp i‡n-bp≠v F∂v Ah≥ F∂pw Hm¿an-
∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂p. F√m-bvt∏mgpw Ahs\ \nco-£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
Ahs‚ \mY\pw c£n-Xm-hp-amWv Cu i‡n. a\p-jy\v ImgvN-i‡n
\¬In-bn-´p≠v. kwkm-c-i‡n (\mhv) \¬In-bn-´p≠v. c≠p Np≠p-I-
fm¬ B \mhns\ \nb-{¥n-°m-\p≈ tijn \¬In-bn-´p≠v. \mhn\v
D®-cn-°m≥ ]‰mØ ]e Nn¥m-K-Xn-I-fp-ap-≠mIpw. Hcn-°-e-Xp-®-cn®p
Ign-™m¬, AXns‚ {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-fn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ bmsXmcp
hgn-bp-an√. Ch-bn-eq-sS-sb√mw a\p-jy\v \evI-s∏-´n-´p≈ ssZhm-\p-
{K-l-sØ-∏‰n Cu A[ymbw ho≠pw ho≠pw FÆn-∏-d-bp∂p. a\p-
jy\v hy‡-amb c≠p hgn-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn®p sImSp-°-s∏-´n-´p≠v.
kXy-Øn-s‚tbm Ak-Xy-Øn-s‚tbm am¿Kw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈
kzmX{¥yw Ah-t‚-XmWv. Ah\v \∑-sN-øp∂ Btfm Xn∑-sN-øp∂
Btfm Bbn-Øocmw. km[y-amb Cu Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ \∑-bpsS ]mX
kXy-tØmSv tN¿∂p\n¬°p-Ibpw k¿°¿a-߃ sNøp-Ibpw sNøpI
F∂ Imcyw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. CXmWv G‰hpw DZm-Ø-amb I¿aw.
Hcp hnizm-kn°v sNøm-hp∂ G‰hpw D¬Ir-jvS-amb I¿aw Hc-Sn-asb
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 63
tamNn-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv. imco-cn-I-amb kzmX{¥yw am{X-a√ CXp-
sIm-≠¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv. a‰p a\p-jy-cn¬ \n∂p -am-{X-a√, kz¥w A[-a-
Xz-Øn¬ \n∂p-t]m-ep-ap≈ [m¿an-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb
kzmX-{¥y-am-WXv. ASn-asb tamNn-∏n-°pI F∂ Cu {]tbmKw
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-b-Xn¬\n∂p≈ Cu kzmX-{¥y-amWv.
F√m Xc- Ø n- e p- a p≈ hnt[- b - X z- ß - f n¬ \n∂pw a\p- j y\v CXv
kzmX{¥yw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p∂p. hni-∏n¬ \n∂p tamNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v
Ah≥ hni°p∂ A\m-Y\v `£Ww \¬IWw, aÆn¬ InS-°p-∂-h-
\mbn hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ Zcn-{Zs\ klm-bn-°Ww. ASn-asb tamNn-
∏n-°pI, A\m-Y-scbpw, Bcmepw {i≤n-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-h-scbpw Ac-£n-
X-scbpw klm-bn-°pI, kmº-Øn-I-ambn t\m°p-tºmƒ \n¿[-\-sc∂p
tXm∂p-∂-h-scbpw G‰hpw Xmgv∂ ]Sn-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂-h-scbpw klm-
bn-°pI. CsX√mw kmaqly _m[y-X-I-fmWv. CXn-s\-√m-‰n\pw ]pdta
hniz-kn-°p-∂Xpw a‰p-≈-hsc £a-sb-°p-dn®pw Imcp-Wy-sØ-°p-dn®pw
DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw _m[y-X-bmWv. AtKm-N-c-am-b-Xn¬ a\p-jy≥
hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. F√m {]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw Ah≥ hniz-kn-°Ww.
F√m ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cnepw hniz-kn-°Ww. Jp¿-B-\n\p apºp-≠m-bn-cp-
∂-X-S°w F√m Ah-Xo¿W {KŸ-ß-fnepw hniz-kn-°Ww. Xs‚
{kjvSm-hmb ssZh-Øn-te-°mWv a\p-jys‚ Ah-km-\sØ aS-ßn-
t∏m°v. IW°v t_m[n-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ahs‚ _m[yX ]c-a-amWv.
Pohn-X-Ønse ]co-£-W-ßfpw hnNm-c-W-Ifpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-
tºmƒ Hcp hnizmkn £am-io-e\pw A\y-tcmSv Imcp-Wyhpw A\p-
Xm-]hpw ImWn-°m≥ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂-h-\p-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v A\p-im-
kn-°-s∏-´n-´p≠v. Cu Pohn-X-coXn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-
\p≈ Xß-fpsS A[n-Imcw ssZhnI \nb-a-Ønse hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°-
\p-k-cn®v D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cmWv he-Xp-ssI-bpsS
Bfp-I-fmbn {]Jym-]n-°-s∏-´-h¿. Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ CS-Xp-ssI-bpsS
Bfp-I-fmbn hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Cu th¿Xn-cn-°¬ a¿a-{]-
[m-\-amWv.
Ckvemw a\p-jy\v a\p-jy-kzm-X-{¥y-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ Hc-h-Imi
{]Jym-]\w \evIp∂p. AtX-k-a-bw-Xs∂ Xs‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnØ t_m[-
sØ-°p-dn®pw hnt[-b-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®pw t_m[-hm-\m-tI≠ Bh-iy-I-
X-bn¬ Du∂¬ \evIp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. aX-hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚bpw BNm-
c-ß-fp-sSbpw BZn-cq-]-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy-kz-`m-hsØ {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈
A\p-im-k-\-߃ ]c-a-amb Iev]-\-I-fm-bn-cp∂p. DZm: tamsi-bpsS
\nb-a-Ønse ]Øp Iev]-\-Iƒ. AØcw Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬, \nb-am-\p-
kr-X-ambn Hcp hnizmkn s]cp-am-dp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, hnizm-kn-bpsS B
A\p-k-cWw ]cn-]q¿Wam-bn-cp∂p. \nb-a-tØm-Sp≈ bm{¥n-I-amb
A\p-k-c-Ww-t]mepw aXn-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, Jp¿-B≥ ^p¿Jm≥ IqSn-
64 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬
bmWv. AXm-bXv, a\p-jy\v km[y-amb hnth-N-\m-[n-Im-chpw hI-
Xn-cnhpw \¬Ip∂ Hcp {KŸ-amWv. B {KŸ-Øn¬ Hcp kzX{¥
GP‚ v F∂ \ne-bn¬ X\n°p apºn¬ Xpd-∂n´ kz`m-h-co-Xn-I-fpsS
cq]-tcJ hc-°p-Ibpw Hu∂-Xy-Øn-te°v hnj-aw-]n-Sn® ]mX Xnc-
s™-Sp-°m-\m-lzm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. kXy-tØmSp tN¿∂p
\n¬°p-∂ icn-bpsS ]mX Ah≥ sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xp≠v. F√m
Ak-a-Xz-߃-°p-sa-Xn-cmbn Ah≥ Dd-®p-\n¬t°-≠-Xp≠v. Ckvemw
hnizm-knsb Xs‚ ktlm-Z-cs‚ kq£n-∏p-Im-c-\m-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p;
hnti-jn®pw B ktlm-Z-c≥ \ncm-{i-b\pw Bcmepw {i≤n-°-s∏-
Sm-Ø-h\pw Ac-£n-X-\p-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ. icn-bmb hnizmk-an-√m-
Ø-Xn-\m¬ icn-bmb kz`m-h-co-Xn-I-fp-≠m-hp-I-bn√. F∂-Xp-sIm≠v
hniz-kn-°m≥ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-ØpI hgn AX-hs‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXz afi-
esØ hnkvXr-X-am-°p∂p. Jp¿-B-\n¬ Ah-Xo¿W-amb ssZhnI
hN-\-Øn-eqsS Ah\v ]Tn-∏n® icn-bmb hnizm-k-Øn¬ Xs‚ kz`m-
h-Øns‚ ASn-Ød ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ Ah-t\m-Sm-h-iy-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
`qan-bn¬ X\n-°p≈ PohnXw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xp-hsc Xs‚ kl-
Po-hn-Isf kl-\-i-‡nbpw A\p-I-ºbpw ]pe¿Øn-s°m≠v £a-
bpsS am¿K-Øn-te°v £Wn-°p∂ D’m-l-im-en-bmb Hcp Ipcn-ip-
bp-≤-°m-c-\m-hpI hgn Ckvem-ans‚ am¿K-Øn¬ Hcp {]t_m-[-I-
\m-hm≥ Ah-t\m-Sm-lzm\w sNø-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Cß-s\-sbms°
Abmƒ sNbvXp-sh-¶n¬ Abmƒ icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ am¿K-Z¿i\w
sNø-s∏-´-h-\mWv. CXn\v At±-l-Øn\v ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ aXn-
bmb {]Xn-^-ew e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. B Pohn-X-amWv Cl-temI
Pohn-X-hp-ambn X´n-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ bYm¿Yw. Cu PohnXw hcm-\n-
cn-°p∂ Pohn-X-Øn\p th≠n hnsØm-cp-°p∂ ÿew am{X-amWv.
hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ Pohn-X-amWv IqSp-X¬ sa®hpw imiz-Xhpw. Cu Pohn-
X-am-Is´, B Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]Xn-^ew e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hc-h-kcw
\ap°v \evIpI am{X-amWv sNøp-∂Xv. `qan-bnse PohnXw \¬Ip∂
Cu Ah-k-c-ßsf icn-bmbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp
hnizm-kn°v Cu Pohn-X-Øn¬ hnPbw t\Sm\pw H∏wXs∂ hcm-\n-
cn-°p∂ imiz-X-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ aXn-bmb {]Xn-^-e-\-߃ Ic-
ÿ-am-°m\pw Ignbpw.
Jp¿-B≥ kq£va-ambn ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ e`n-°p∂ Bi-bm-[n-jvTn-
X-amb Hcp kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ a\p-jys\ tI{µo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ, a\p-
jys‚ ÿm\w t\m°n-°m-tW-≠Xv Hcp ]q¿Øo-I-cn-t°≠ D¬∏∂w
F∂ \ne-°√. amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ AkvXnXzw F∂ \ne-°mWv.
Hcp ]cn-h¿Ø\ Zi-bn-em-W-h≥ F∂p-thWw IW-°m-°m≥. Hcp
Znhkw F√m-a-h-km-\n-∏n®p-sIm≠v Ahs‚ acWw kw`-hn-°p∂p.
Cu CS-°me ka-bØv, Xs‚ kØ-bpsS D¬IrjvS taJ-e-I-fn-se-
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬ 65
Øm≥ klm-b-I-amb am¿K-߃ kzbw Is≠-Øm≥ Ah\v km[y-
a√ Xs∂. Xm≥ GsXmcp D∂-X-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-t®-cm≥
hn[n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂pthm B ]c-a-amb Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hy‡-
amb Hcm-ibw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp ssPh-L-S-\°pw D≠m-hm≥
km[y-a√. Aip-≤-amb hfw hen-s®-SpØp hf-cp-∂Xpw hf¿®-bpsS
Hcp L´-Øn¬ Ce-Ifpw Imfihpw ap≈pw am{X-am-bp-≈-Xp-amb
tdmkm-s®-Sn-bn¬ Hcp Znhkw Hcp Nph∂ tdmkm∏q hncn-bp-sa∂v
B¿°pw [mc-Wm-h-l-ambn {]h-Nn-°pI hø. Hc-h-ÿ-bnepw sNSn°v
CX-dn-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√. hnNn-{X-amb hkvXpX F¥m-sW-∂m¬
Aip-≤-amb hfw hen-s®-SpØp hf-cp∂ H∂v Ah-km\w ]cn-Wma
{]{In-b-bn¬ Xs‚ ]q°-fn-eqsS {]k-cn-°p∂ kpK-‘-Øm¬ ]cn-afw
krjvSn-°p∂p. sNSn aÆn¬ thcp-d-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xpw A\-ßm≥ Ign-bm-
Ø-Xp-am-sW-¶nepw, Cu AZv`pXw kw`-hn-°p-tºmƒ Xs‚ tI{µ-ÿm-
\-Øp-\n∂v ^¿tem-ßp-Iƒ Zqc-sØ-Øp∂ kpK‘w krjvSn-°p-Ibpw
hfsc AI-eØv \n¬°p∂ a\p-jy-sc-t∏mepw ]qhns‚ AkvXnXzw
Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. A\m-h-iy-ambn hf-cp∂ Ce-Ifpw sImºp-
Ifpw a‰pw sh´n-am-‰p∂ tXm´-°m-c≥ Ce-I-fpsS FÆw Ipd-°m\pw
IqSp-X¬ \√ ]pjv]-߃ hncn-bn-°m\pw sNSn-bn¬ A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-
´p≈ i‡n h¿[n-∏n-°m-\p-amWv {ian-°p-∂Xv. hnizm-kn-bpsS Pohn-X-
Øn¬ Cu sh´n-am-‰¬ {]{In-bsb XJvh-tbm-Sp-]-an°mw. X∂n-ep≈
ssPh-hm-k-\-Isf apgp-h-\pap-t]-£n-°m≥ Ah-t\m-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-
∂n√. adn®v, Ah-s\mcp Bfl-\n-b-{¥Ww kºm-Zn-t°-≠-Xm-bp≠v.
Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ Ah-\n-ep≈ Du¿Pw Hcn-°epw Ahs‚ AkvXn-
Xz-Øns‚ arKo-b-X-e-Øn¬ sNe-h-gn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn√. adn®v, ac-W-
Øns‚ sISp-Xn-Isf AXn-P-bn-°m\pw IqSp-X¬ D¬Ir-jvShpw IqSp-
X¬ sa®-s∏-´-Xp-amb \nXm¥ Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-ßsf B{i-
bn-°m\pw Ah\v Ignhv \¬Ip∂ AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ D∂X cq]-ß-
fn-te°v cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw. a\p-jys\ tI{µ-am-°n-
bn´p≈ Hcp ]cn-t{]-£y-Øn-eqsS t\m°p-tºmƒ ]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥-I¿
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ hy‡nsb tÉns‚ `oj-W-amb A[n-Im-c-i-
‡n-bpsS AXn-{I-a-ß-fn¬ \n∂v c£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A\p-tbm-Py-
amb am¿K-ß-fn¬ Ihn™v as‰m-∂p-a-s√∂v Icp-Xp∂p. Cu AXn-
{I-a-߃ arKob `qcn-]-£-Øns‚ \nb-a-\n¿am-Wm-[n-Im-c-߃ D]-
tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v a\p-jys‚ hy‡n-hn-Im-k-Øn-\p≈ km[y-X-Isf
\ntj-[n-°p∂ \oXn-bn-√mØ \nb-a-߃ ASn-t®¬]n-°p-∂-h-bmWv.
adp-h-iØv Ckvemw Cu Ah-Im-i-߃ {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p; \n¿h-Nn-
°p-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ \nb-a-ßfpw
Ah-km\ {]hm-N-Is‚ Ncy-Ifpw A\p-k-cn-°m-\p≈ Hcp am\-kn-
Im-hÿ hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ krjvSn-®p-sIm≠pw ssZh-\n-b-a-ßfpw {]hm-
66 a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ Ckvem-an¬

NI Ncybpw kzbw A\p-k-cn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-amb krjvSn-°-

s∏´ A[n-Im-c-tI-{µ-ßsf A\p-k-cn®p ImWn-®p-sIm-≠p-am-WnXv
km[n-°p-∂Xv. Ckvemw a\p-jys‚ Imcy-߃ ssZh-{K-Ÿhpw {]hm-
N-I-N-cy-bp-a-\p-k-cn®v \S-Øp∂p. Cu Ah-Im-i-ßsf Dd-∏n-°p-∂Xv
a\p-jy\v `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n F∂ \ne-°p≈ hf¿®°v
km[y-amb kml-N-cy-߃ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ahs\ klm-bn-
°m≥ th≠n am{X-a√. adn®v, _mly-ambpw B¥-cn-I-ambpw ssZhnI
\nb-a-ßsf, AXm-bXv, {kjvSm-hn\v am{Xw a\p-jys‚ ta¬ Npa-
Øm≥ tbmKy- X - b p≈ \nb- a - ß sf A\p- k - c n- ° m≥ ]mI- Ø n¬
Ahs‚ kz`mhw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ IqSn Ahs\ klm-bn-°m-\mWv.
Cu ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ß-f\pkcn®v Pohn-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ kzX-{¥-
\m-hm≥ ]Tn-°p∂p. Ckvemw Ah-Xo¿W aX-ß-fpsS Ime-L´w Ah-
km-\n-∏n-°p∂p. C\n-sbmcp {]hm-N-I≥ hcm-\n-s√∂pw C\n a\p-jy\v
Xc-Ww-sN-øm-\p≈ ]mX t\sc-bm-sW∂pw Cu ]mX Xnc-s™-Sp-
°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ aXn-bmb am¿K-Z¿i\w hnip-≤-{KŸw Dƒs°m-≈p-
∂p-sh∂pw {]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm≠v Ckvemw a\p-jys\ kzX-{¥-\mbn
{]Jym-]n-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬, C\n-sbmcp Xnc-s™-Sp∏v \S-tØ-≠Xv
Ah-\mWv. Xs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v A\p-k-cn®v B ]mX H∂p-In¬
Ahs\ kz¿K-Øn-te°v \bn°pw; As√-¶n¬ \c-I-Øn-te°v..........