Biodiversity Laws

and policies

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UNConventiononBiologicalDiversity1992

http://www.cbd.int/

ConventiononBiologicalDiversity

DefinedBiologicaldiversityas:
thevariabilityamonglivingorganismsfromallsourcesincluding

terrestrial,marineandotheraquaticecosystemsandtheecological
complexesofwhichtheyarepart;thisincludesdiversitywithinspecies,
betweenspeciesandofecosystems

Signedby150governmentleadersatthe1992Rio

Article 1 - Objectives
The objectives of this Convention:
the conservation of biological diversity,
the sustainable use of its components
the fair and equitable sharing of the
benefits arising out of the utilization of
genetic resources by:
appropriate access to genetic resources
appropriate transfer of relevant technologies,
appropriate funding.

Obligations
Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance
with its particular conditions and capabilities:
Develop national strategies, plans or programs for
the conservation and sustainable use of biological
diversity or adapt for this purpose existing
strategies, plans or programs which shall reflect
the measures set out in this Convention
Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate,
the conservation and sustainable use of biological
diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral
plans, programs and policies

Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety

.
TheCartagenaProtocolonBiosafetytotheConventiononBiologicalDiversityisan
internationalagreementwhichaimstoensurethesafehandling,transportanduseof
livingmodifiedorganisms(LMOs)resultingfrommodernbiotechnologythatmay
haveadverseeffectsonbiologicaldiversity,takingalsointoaccountriskstohuman

General Provisions
1. Each Party shall take necessary and appropriate legal, administrative
and other measures to implement its obligations under this Protocol.
2. The Parties shall ensure that the development, handling, transport,
use, transfer and release of any living modified organisms are
undertaken in a manner that prevents or reduces the risks to
biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health.
3. Nothing in this Protocol shall affect in any way the sovereignty of
States over their territorial sea established in accordance with
international law,
4. Nothing in this Protocol shall be interpreted as restricting the right of
a Party to take action that is more protective of the conservation and
sustainable use of biological diversity
5. The Parties are encouraged to take into account, as appropriate,
available expertise, instruments and work undertaken in international
forums with competence in the area of risks to human health.