ear ee rita . Ne A > IMPETUS is a set of wargames rules that allows you to recreate miniature battles set in the Ancient. Medieval and Renaissance periods. EXTRA IMPETUS is a Supplement that contains official army lists and more in-depth information about the historical periods covered, as well as campaign games and tutorials (with rules clarifications. examples and advice on tactics). How to use the lists ) The Army Lists indiate a minimum and maximum number of| Units that are allowed inthe Army’ and their cost, The numbers in brackets show the reduced Unit cost for Units that will be used as second and third “rows” of Large Units. Units bought at this reduced cost must be used in Large Units. Units for which the full cost has been paid can be used either way during de- ployment at the players discretion. ‘The Army Lists have been balanced for SO0-point amis, which isan ideal budget for the creation of armies wth all possible op | This does not prevent you from playing Impetus which fewer Points if you haven't got all the miniatures to hand or if you ‘ant to play on a smaller batlfield. To begin you may want to deploy 300-point armies, where we would advise the use of only ‘one General per side and to halve the minimums shown on the list rounding up) ‘You should double the minimums and maximums when playing With armies costing 600 points oF more. Design and development Lorenzo Sartori Photo cover: 28mm Foundry — photo & painting El Mercenario Photo backcover: 28mm Crusader Miniatures David Imrie, painting Darrel Hindley. Photos: DadigPiombo, EI Mercenario, Guy Farrish, Renato Genovese, Jose Girona, Gripping Beast, Phil Hendry, Legio Heroica, David Imrie, Cesare Ribola, Jacopo Solcia, Jason Tiley, Tom Weiss. photo © 2009-Lorenzo Sartori All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted In any form without the prior writen Liles he ibag ‘nm Baceus-PhotoBPalning Jason Talay In addition to the Units, the players must also use the avaiie ‘budget to buy Generals and a Command Structure (see the et tom ofthe list) (©) Unit types that can contain a Commander (CGP=Heavy War Chariots: CGL=Light War Chariots (C¥=Scythed Chariots; CP=Heavy Cavalry: CM=Medium Cavalry; CL=Light Cavalry: FP=Heavy Infantry; FL=Lisht Infantry: S=Skirmishers: ART=Anillery; W=Wagenbut ‘MeMovement per phase: VI = onus; D=Discipline: VD=Demoralsation Value Importa Inthe Army Lists the word ‘can use a combination of unis, ie if you see this means you can have 1-3 of any combination of FP and 7, such as 3FP. 37, or maybe 2FP and IT, 1FP an 27, 1 FP et ‘The choice is yours.” Contributors: Luca Pellatiaro, Yuri Vantin, (Guarnieri, Sandro Matteoni, Arrigo Velicogna, Translation Andrew Cariess Plates and Maps: Erregratica Layout: Zev Multimediale sas - zev@zev.it Printed in Italy by: Zev Multimediale sas - zev@zevt Publisher: Sartori Lorenzo Editore, via don Mazzolan, 2 126010 Chieve (Cr) mission of the copyright owner.20mm Warords Games. PhtosPabteg Phi sae 25m Gripping Beast, painted Page 4 Early Imperial Romans, Early Germans, Jewish Revolt, Dacians, Later Sarmatians, Alans, Middle Imperial Romans, Sassanid Persians, Palmyra, ‘Arab-Aramaic Kingdoms, Pre-Islamic Arabs, ‘Armenians, Ancient Britons, Caledonians, Early Irish, Picts, Alamanni, Late Imperial Romans (East), Late Imperial Romans (West), Early Visigoths or Thervingi, Moors. Page 22 Normans in Normandy, Anglo-Danish, Danish or Norwegians (Vikings), Norse Irish, Early Welsh, Normans in Sicily, Arabs in Sicily, Nikephorian Byzantines, Kostantinian Byzantines, Early French, Western Franks and Ottonians, Papal States, Magyar, Later Longobards. Page 30 Fatimids, Seljuq Turks, Sultanate of Rum, Komnenian Byzantines, Cilician Armenians, Syrian States, Ayyubid Egyptians, Early Crusaders, Later Crusaders, Latin Empire, Empire of Nicaea, Despotate of Epiros, Second Bulgar Empire. Tutorial: the pilum Page 21 Campaign: Saladino at the gate! Page 39 Tutorial: the fortification Page 42 Clarification & additional rules Page 43,sn the battle of Actium and the follow-up actions in Egypt ended in 30BC, Gaius Octavius was the undisputed master of the Roman state and army. He changed his name to Caesar ‘Augustus Octavian and quickly set out to reform, reorganise ‘assert total control and rationalize the entire eivil and military ‘machine, thus ereating a military led empire in all but in name He trimmed the size ofthe army down to thirty legions and star ted to reorganise the various native contingents that had been recruited during the last decades of the Republic. He created an Imperial guard, the Practorans, that also served as an officer training centre For the legions and set out on an ambitious pro gram of local and not-so-local military campaigns to connect and pacify the various provinces that, on the map. seemed ‘motley collection of often disparate areas, Campaigns in Pannonia, Illyria and Spain were followed by se veral reconnaissance missions in Germania, Several minor ex peditions were undertaken inthe East, both to sort out the usual ‘Sytian-Palestine-Armenian mess and to remind the Parthians to stay on the defensive. After this initial activity he set out more ambitious goals for taking Bohemia and all Germania west of the Elbe river. Revolts in Pannonia, wetical errors, betrayals and the untimely death of talented generals culminated in the massacre of three legions on the Teutoburger Wald. near Kalkriese in 9AD. Germania was still not ripe, oF not worthy of fully fledged campaign, but punitive expeditions were under taken both during Augustus’ reign as well as that of his suc sor Tiberius (I4AD - 37AD). Tiberius had to contend not only ‘vith unrest onthe Rhine border, but also a mutiny of unpaid le gions in Germania and Pannonia. To quell the mutiny he sent his own son Drusus to Pannonia and his adopted son Germanicus to Germania. The latter used the opportunity t0 step up cross border operations and even mounted a series of massive expeditions in Germania culminating in the shattering 2am Foundry - ProtosPainng & Mercere victory at Idistavisus (16AD) in which the Teutoburger Wald vietor Arminius was decisively defeated. While minimal con- {quests were made, and the frontier “officially”, albeit tempora- fil, set on the Rhine river, the Roman army had demonstrated it was capable of roaming free anywhere in German. [At Tiberius? death the throne was taken by Caius Augustus Germanicus, the son of Tiberius’ adopted son and one of his most effective generals, also known as Caligula. Caligula’s brief reign G7AD - 41AD) is controversial and historical sour ces are patchy at best and suspect at worst. His military cam. paigns included the annexation of Maureationa in 40AD, an wn specified operation along the English channel, and the quelling of several rots in the East, mainly concerning tensions between the Greck or Hellenised population and Jews, the tater often supported by Parthians, In 41AD he was assassinated by som Preatorian officers and this was followed by an attempt to store the Republic which culminated inthe killing of Caligula’s ‘wife and infant daughter and an attempt onthe life of his uncle, Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (41D S4AD) who then rallied the bulk of the Practorian Guard and {quelled the unrest, Claudius’ reign saw the usual Germanic ex Peditions, minor campaigns and annexations inthe Balkans and ‘Asia Minor, a revolt in Mauretania and the fll scale invasion of Britannia in 44AD. He was succeeded by his last wife's son, Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus. We will not dwell fon the controversies regarding his reign and the portrayal that historians” and the media have made of him. Suffice it to say that he was not crazy, nor stupid, and that he didn’t burn Rome. Militariy, his reign saw the complete conquest of Britannia and Wales, ther ‘dangerous Boadicea revolt, funbe ‘operations along the Rhine and a fully fledged war with Parthia a3 well as Roman offensive operations in Armenia under Gnacus Domitius Corbulo, This war saw three main phases First Corbulo secured a favourable treaty with Parthia in 55. ression of= ee By PS > | < R 'S6AD. When the Parthians reneged the treaty and invaded Armenia in S8AD they were soundly defeated and repulsed and Tigranes, a pro-Roman ruler, wa in Stalled. In 62AD Tigranes invaded Parthian teritory and forced Rome to in tervene on his behalf. After the humilia- ting surrender of a Roman column in Armenia at Rhandea in 62AD. Corbulo struck back. Assembling a massed force of legionary infantry he entered Armenia and quickly and almost bloodlessly for- ced the Parthian King Volosges to accept 8 humiliating treaty, recognizing Roman interests in Armenia, Rome's veto on the selection of Armenian kings ad their co- ronation in Rome at the hands of the Roman Emperor, Allin all resounding political and military victory But the East was fuher cause of trou- bles in G6AD when the Jewish popule ‘ion in Jerusalem rebelled, expelled the garrison and thwarted « half-hearted empt 10 quell the revolt by the 15th Legion. In 67AD the entre province of Judea was in revolt and Nero sent ‘espasian to quell it with powerful for ces, By 69AD only Jerusalem was still holding. Nero still lacked victory. 2. The year of the 4 Empe In 68AD the Governor of Gallia, Lugdunensis, revolted. His revolt was ‘put down by legions from Germania, but fn tum this sparked the revolt of the Governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, Servius Sulpicius Galba. Galba’s revolt Started to get support from the Senate, Praetorian guards, Soon Nero was alone 18 without support except from the Eastem provinces. He committed suicide hw 4 yeh in 68AD. Galba was killed in 69AD by disgruntled Practorians who had been re fused a pay rise. At thé time he was a: ready facing a mutiny of the legions in lower Germania led by Vitellius. Otho took the purple but Vitellius didn’t bud _g¢ from his position and challenged him by marching to Italy. Otho was defeated atthe first battle of Bedriacum in April 69AD. Then it was Vitellius’ turn 10 be ‘challenged. Legions in the East proclai- med Vespasian as Emperor and quickly they were supported by legions stationed in the Balkans. The legions from the Danube area were the key to victory in the second battle of Bedriacum (24th October 69AD). The Danubian legions ‘marched on Rome and entered the city fon the 20th December 69AD killing Vitelius. Vespasian was the sole master of the Empire the year of the four emperors co- ring to a close. Vespasian was the undi- sputed master of the Empire. Yet he had several problems to face. In Judea there volt as still raging with Jerusalem still resisting, while inthe North a smal tary uprising in his name had gone out of control. His son Titus quickly besieged ‘and destroyed first Jerusalem then the last stronghold in Masada, but the Batavian revolt was more ofa problem. It has sta {ed in 69AD when an Auxiliary Prefect, Julius Civils, velerin of Britannia, fas ‘been imprisoned by the local. governor, sent to Rome t0 be judged by Nero, set free by Galba, re-arested by Vitllus and then set fre again by him fo gamer sup port of his tribe the Batavi, living in mo- dem day Netherlands, for his march on Rome, In the end Civilis had rebelled, first on behalf of Vespasian then trying 10 carve his own nation on the Rhine fron tier. Before the fall of Vitellus the lal Governor Flaccus had checked the revolt but then Civils had regained the upper hand even persuading two legions to join him, Obviously Rome couldn't stand idle and in 70AD a massive army of eight le gions was sent to quash unrest in Germania. A series of clashes ensued and in the end Civils capitulated in the same yea. The defeat of Civils’ revolt and the ‘capture of Jerusalem ended the camps ‘hing of the Vespasian reign. The next years were relatively peaceful until Domitian, Vespasian's younger son and ‘Titus’ successor was forced to engage in a series of operations in Dacia and in the area linking the Rhine and the Danube known as Agri Decumates as well as fur ther campaigning in Britannia. Dacia en- ‘gaged the Romans twice, first in an abor ted invasion of the Province of Moesia (4 or 85AD) and then defeating @ Roman punitive expedition in 86D, surviving @ second one in 87-89AD. The second inva sion was halted by Domitian when Lucius Antonius Saturninus, Governor of Germania Superior revolted with two le gions. Domitian quelled the revolt but was forced 10 settle on a treaty. with Deceblaus, the King of Dacia, that while transforming Dacia in a client kingdom still gave Decchalus money and Roman technology. The teaty severely dama Domitian’s standing and was probably one of the causes of his downfall and as sassination in 96AD. His successor was appointed by the Senate: it was a former Flavian supporter tnd experienced politician and officer calJed Marcus Cocoeius Nerva. His reign ‘was quiet and brief and he appointed ‘Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his suecessor, well known military figure atthe time After accession Trajan began some cam ppaigns on the Rhine, but his main effort Focused on Dacia where Decebalus strengthened his forces, First he launched fa suceessful invasion in 101-102AD that ‘eared Decebalus" postion as client, but in IDSAD he was forced to stike again responding to an aborted Dacian in vasion, Retaliation was effective and br: tal and by 106AD Dacia and its gold mi- nes were incorporated into the Empire. In JOTAD he annexed Nabatea, the former independent kingdom of Arabia, after the death ofthe local dynasty. In LI3AD ano: ther Parthian attempt to mess with Armenia's status prompted Trajan 10 Jaunch a massive invasion of Parthia Initially successful, the invasion was tem: porary stopped to Face a second outbreak ff Jewish nationalism, this ime in the Roman provinces and former Parthian ter ritries. He died in IITAD leaving ano: ther military man, Publius Aclius Hadtianus, 36 his sbecessor: The new Emperor withdrew from the Parthian ter ‘tories and presided a “revrenchment” of the Empire, as exemplified by the Famous Hadrian's Wall between England and Scotland, but he was nevertheless con: fronted by another massive Jewish upri sing, this time in Judea itself, which was brutally quashed (132-135AD). His na med stecessor was Antoninus Pus, Mejor military activity concentrated in Britannia where the frontier was moved Nosh into Scotland and the Antonine wall was ere: ted. He appointed Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius as his svecessors. The Empire was again threatened, this time from the East where the Parthians arta: ked along the Rhine and the Danube in IGIAD. The Parthians were trashed by Verus and his General Avidius Cassius and the war was concluded on favourable terms in LG5AD. But the Germanic tribes were much more dangerous. An inital in vvasion was stopped in Germany in 162AD, but a far more serious invasion that gota fr as Hay, cocuted in 166AD. ‘This time pressure sas applied simulta ‘neously on the Rhine and the Danube, stretching Roman reserves. The Empire retaliated in kind and by 178AD the Germanic tribes were in full retreat and Roman troops were advancing into mo- dem day Bohemia, But the annexation of ‘anew Province was stopped by the death ff Marcus Aurelius in [SAD and the a cession of his son, Commodus. Commodhs" reign was brief and military ‘unremarkable, followed by the even brie- fer tenure of Pestinax, who was killed by bis Praetorian guard The Guard offered the throne in an ave ‘ion in Rome. The auction was won by Didius Julianus, some say prompted by his wife and daughters, but this “Emperor” was not recognized by the samy who quickly divided along regional lines. Asian troops proposed Pescennius Niger, Danubian Legions suggested Septimius Severus, while Britannia and Gaul legions wanted Clodius Albinus Septimius and Clodius quickly allied. took Rome, where the Practorians offered only token resistance, and then had Didis Killed, Severus then appointed Albinus as suecessor and marched East defeating Niger at Issus (194A). He then pacified the East and subsequently after having proclaimed his son Caracalla as successor, ‘confronted Albinus in a final showdown, at the batle of Lugdunum (197AD), He subsequently defeated the Parthians again in a short victorious war (I97AD) ‘ending the Panian threat once an fora Northern Mesopotamia was firmly in Roman hands and the Parthians so weak that soon they faced an Eastern rebellion ‘that would le to their disappearance. Bewween 208 and 211AD he campaigned in Britannia and Scotia, At his death in 2ILAD Caracalla and his brother Gota as: Sumed the purple in a short and apparently Vicious reign that ended for Caracalla in 217, killed by a Praetorian guard, and for Geta in 211, killed by his brother. Aer the death of Caracalla power was seized hy Macrinus, the Praetorian commander, ‘but he was killed by the army when he mi simanaged new Parthian campaign. He was followed by an interesting ro of wo= men that took hold of the imperial seat: Julia Maesa (Caracalla aunt) and er daughters Julia Soaemias and Iulia Mamaea. At frst they put the apparently ineffective Eliogabalus (218-222AD) Julia Soaemias onthe throne. Eliogabalus ‘quickly alienated everyone inthe Empire, including Senate, army, his grandmother, his aunt and the usual suspects... the Practorian Guard. He was deposed and killed in 222AD and his cousin Alexander Severus was proclaimed Emperor. The ‘new Emperor and his mother seemed a ‘good team and the first years of his reign ‘were marked by peace. Sadly it seems that thanks to inereased pay and influence in Imperial affairs the army was becoming prone to unrest - his rsign was plagued bynumerous problems. Then a new threat ‘emerged from the East. The Parthians had been replaced by the Sassanians, much more aggressive and militarily proficies He moved East and checked them once, proclaiming a iumph in 233AD. The fol Towing year he was campaigning in Germania, where his attempt to bribe s ie tribes sparked a military rebellion and the appointment of a new Emperor, an of ficer called Maximinus the Thracian. Alexander was assassinated by his men in 235AD, 4. Internal troubles and the Revival “The end of the Severan dynasty marked dificult time for the Empire. The army has discovered its power in pushing fo- ward candidates forthe imperil purple and has no intention of einguishing it. OF course this had no real bearing on the sometime in the East, but on his death his and was supposed to create a sable system sirutue of dhe Empire that had already wife Zenobia carved a personal kingdom under which each co-Emperor (Augustus) “a become a military dictatorship under the out of the Roman provinces. appointed a designated successor (Ceesar) ¢ Severians, but the negative aspect was ‘The Romans still had some fighting sprit who then, in tun, appoined a nw sue thatio secure the army's favour, Emperors eft In 268AD (or 269) Emperor Claudius sor. The system soon collapsed and were now wasting precious and limited 1] S Javelinmen. 112 Javelin 2-8 CP Nobles* C321 Impetuous 06 FP Warriors* © 23* 129) impetuous 0-8 T Archers C1 Ml Short bow A for S Archers BL 12 ShortbowB Notes and options. The Alamanni are a confederation of Germanic tribes (Franks, Chatti, Quad...) that in the 3rd Century began to put pressure on the limes germanicus, The Alamanni were beaten at first by Caracalla in around 213AD. In 268AD, under King Crocus, they invaded Gaul and Northern Italy but in the end were bea- ‘en by Marcus Aurelius Claudius (the Goth) in the Battle of Lacus Benacus (Lake Garda). The Alamanni didn’t stop being a threat to Rome and in 357 at the Battle of Strasburg, Julian managed to push them back ‘over the Rhine. After the fall of the Roman Empire they were gradually absorbed by the Franks. You can only deploy 1 Allied contingent. ‘You can upgrade up to 1/2 deployed FP Warriors Units to: FP Veteran warriors* 5 5 4 C 23* 16 __ Impetuous ‘Warriors Units can form Large Units, Dismounted Nobles cannot form Large Units. ‘Notes for Frankish allies ‘You can upgrade up to 1/2 deployed FP Warriors Units to: FP Veteran warriors 5 5 4 C 28% 16 __ Impetuous Warriors can form Large Units. Notes for Ostrogoth allies (Greuthungi) ‘You can upgrade up to 1/2 deployed FP Warriors Units to: FP Veteran wartiors* 5 5 4 C 23* 16 _ Impetuous) (285-410 A.D.) i DA ae ree CP Clibanarii*® 3.35 CP Cataphractarii* 3 30 CM Equites* TES CL Milyriciani or Maurii* 13* 21 Javelin CL Equites Sagittari 122 Comp. bow B FP Comitatenses* 321 Long spear FL.Comitatenses* 23* 22 Javelin FP Pseudocomitatenses 316 Long spear or FL Pseudocomitatenses 2017 Javelin 0-2 TSagitarii 2 18 Short bow A S Sagittarii 112 Shor bow B OLS Javelinmen 1 12 Javelin 0-2 _ $ Funditores 112 Shing 0-2 Art Scorpio, Ballistae 1 15 AnB L Hun or Alan mercenaries 2 ‘Comp. bow B 0-2 CPNobies* 3.21 Impetuous 24 CLCavalry* 13* 25 Comp. bow B S Archers 112 Short bow B Frankish allies 0-1 CMNobles? 3.23 28 FP Warriors 2/3* 12(9) Impetwous 0-2 S Archers 112. Short bow B 0-2 S Javelinmen 112 Javelin Notes and options. ‘After the reforms undertaken by Gallienus, Diocletian and above all by Constantine, the army began to be di- Vided into both units allocated to the defence of the borders (Limitanei and Pseudocomitatensis) and “mobi le” armies, garrisoned in the hinterlands, comprising quality troops with superior equipment (Vexillationes, Comitatensis and Palatina) that were to be used against the most serious threats From a tactical point of view this increased the importance of the cavalry, especially the Heavy cavalry, and they introduced many units of Clibanarii who were used like the Persians, ‘The infantry also began to rely more and more on the support given by missile weapons. In the West this system proved its worth until, atthe start of the Sth Century, massive barbarian invasions of a size never seen before managed to wear down the Western army with continuous battles and seriously devastate countless pro- vinces (Italy, Gaul and Spain). ‘The Westem Empire had more and more difficulty maintaining the professional army that it had built up sin- ce the invaded provinces were now unable to pay tax; in onder to guarantee the survival of the State they we- re forced to resort more and more to the help of the barbarian warlords. You can only deploy | Allied contingent. You can upgrade up to 2/3 of deployed "Comitatenses” FP Units to: FP Palatina or veterans* SO eae 27 Long spear ‘You can upgrade up to 2/3 of deployed “Comitatenses” FL Units to FL Palatina or veterans” HEN REN EINE For every 2 units of Roman FP (Legionarii, Auxiliares) deployed you can deploy a Us S Lanciarii 8°93 0 Bot 14 Javelin ‘You can upgrade one or more Ballistae to Carroballistae with M=6. The new cost is 20 points per Unit Special Rules. Auxiliares: “Auxiliares” FL Units nullify the Impetus Bonus of Impetuous foot. Supporting archers: for every deployed “Comitatenses”, “Palatina” or “Pseudocomitatenses” FP Unit you ean deploy 1 Unit of: T Supporting Sagittarit 6 3 0 - 1 10 ShorbowA ‘These T Units must form Large Units with FP. FP form the first Unit and T the rear Unit, Within this Large Units, T can fire without -2 penalty, but T doesn provide depth bonus in melee. Apart from this rule they behave like other Large Units with the Discipline equal to that ofthe front Unit From a modelling point of view such T Units can be also represented and based as $ Units. Plambata: Palatina, Comitatensis and Pseudocomitatensis FP when not in a Large Units with T can be provided with plumbata at +3 points per Unit. Plambata use the same rules as the pilum. Notes for Alan allies. You can upgrade up to 1/2 of deployed CL. to VBU=4 . The new cost is 27 points per Unit. Notes for Frankish alls. You can uparade upto 1/2 of deployed Warriors Unis FP Veteran warriors* © 16 Impetuous1h RPS PePeCe oo aOR Cen ICE ein) as ea) CP Clibanari CP Cataphractarii* CP Cataphractarii* CM Equites* CL Milyricianii or Maurii* Javelin CL Equites Sagittari Comp. bow B FP Comitatenses* 3 Long spear FL Comitatenses* Javelin EP Pseudocomitatenses 3 Long spear Javelin, Short bow A Short bow B. Short bow B 'S Javelinmen S Funditores Art Scorpio, Ballistae .. ‘CL Hun mercenaries Visigoth allies CP Visigoth nobles* 3 Impetuous FP Visigoth warriors® Impetuous. S Archer 12 Short bow B perenne CM Nobles* ‘Comp. bow C CM Heavy cavalry* Comp. bow C CM Heavy cavalry* Comp. bow B CL Horse archers Comp. bow B TArchers* Short bow A S Archers Short bow B FL Javelinmen Javelin cere CM Nobles * 3 CL Arab nomads * Javelin CL Arab camerly Camel EP Warriors* T Arab archers Short bow A. S Arab archers Short bow B ‘Notes and options. As the political and military reforms under Diocletian and Constantine began to be con- “sofidated, the stories of the two halves of the Empire, the East and the West, started to take different paths. “The Eastern army, in the front line against the formidable Sassanid cavalry, started to specialise in the for- "saton of cataphract cavalry units and bowmen, both on foot and mounted, even if traditionally the fier- ‘Ses infantry units were in the West ‘Wee can only deploy 1 Allied contingent. “Wee can upgrade up to 1/2 of deployed “Comitatenses” FI FP Palatina* PGE can upgrade up to 1/2 of deployed “Comitatenses” FL Units to FL Palatina® SSeS eZ ‘every 2 units of Roman FP (Legionarii, Auxiliares) deployed you can deploy a unit of Lani S Lane $3) OB lds Javelin ‘can upgrade one or more Ballistae to Carroballistae with M=6. The new cost is 20 points per Unit. Rules. Auxiliares: “Auxiliares” FL Units nullify the Impetus Bonus of Impetuous foot. erting archers: for every deployed “Comitatenses”, “Palatina” or “Pseudocomitatenses” FP Unit you eploy | Unit of: T Supporting Sagittarii 6 3° 0 - 1 10 Shortbow A =< T Units must form Large Units with FP. FP form the first Unit and T the rear Unit. Within this Large Ss Tcan fire without -2 penalty, but T doesn't provide depth bonus in melee. Apart from this rule they ve like other Large Units with the Discipline equal to that of the front Unit. From a modelling point ‘x such T Units can be also represented and based as S Units. Palatina, Comitatensis and Pseudocomitatensis FP can be provided with plumbata at +3 points ‘Coit when not in a Large Units with T, Plumbata use the same rules as the pilum.1 NEST RT © Notes for Visigoth allies ‘You can upgrade up to 1/2of deployed Warriors Units to: FP Veteran warriors* 5 5 4 C 28* 16 _ Impetuous Warriors can form Large Units SS Re KET u i CP Nobles* Sasa Impetuous 20-50 FP Warriors SORA Pa Impetuous 0-12 S Archers 8 2 0 Bo1 12 Short bow B or § Javelinmen 892 O° Bo 1 127 Jovelin 2 CL Huns, EER HT) 27 wort bow B 8 CP Nobles* 106 3 C3 21 impetuous 0-6 © FP Warriors* 5 4 4 © 2/3" 12(9) Impetuous 0-8 TArchers 6 3° 0 C1 It Short bow A. or S Archers 8 2 0 Bo 1 12 ShortbowB Notes and options. ‘The Goths were a federation of Eastem Germanic tribes that contacted the Roman Empire along the Danube in around 230AD. Amongst these tribes were the Thervingi (Western Goths, later known as Visigoths) and the Greuthungi (Eastem Goths, later known as Ostrogoths). In 268AD the Thervingi invaded Roman provinces of Pannonia and Milyria and got as far as the current Italo-Slovenian border before being stopped by Gallienus and later by Marcus Aurelius Claudius (Claudius 2nd the Goth) at the Battle of Naissus in 269AD. In 271AD Aurelian managed to push them back over the Danube. From 367AD Emperor Valens began a series of campaigns against the Thervingi that ended in the disastrous battle of Adrianople (378) where the Emperor himself was killed, ‘You can upgrade up to a 1/2 deployed FP Warriors Units to: FP Veteran warriors® 5 5 4 C 2/3* 16 _Impetuous Warriors Units can form Large Units, Notes for Ostrogoth allies (Greuthungi): ‘You can upgrade up to a 1/2 deployed FP Warriors Units to FP Veteran warriors* 4 C 2B* 16 Impetuous 5. 5 Warriors Units can form Large Unit ETP tra mects Name One aR te ee Y Notes 0 M Guards* 2B 8:30 CL Cavalry* 3°01 B W* 21 Javelin 6-12 _ FL Javelinmen as eC ala 0-6 S Javelinmen eS OE ALD? S Archers 20 B12 Shor bowB 1 3 13* 22 Comp. bow B 12 FP Roman infantry* 5 1 © 3 16 Long spear or FL Roman infantry* 41 C23" 14 Javelin 8 1S Sagittarit 8 2 0 B 1 12 ShortbowB Notes and options. ‘When the Numidian King Juba I died in 46BC, the Numidian realm became a Roman province and its fa- te was tied to Mauretania. The Moors (Mauri) rebelled against the Roman occupation several times but only obtained temporary independence after the Vandal invasions.