Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th

Phn D: Khoa hc Chnh tr, Kinh t v Php lut: 36 (2015): 116-125

CC YU T NH HNG N HIU QU KINH T

TRONG SN XUT LA CA NNG H THNH PH CN TH
Nguyn Tin Dng1 v L Khng Ninh2
1
2

Hc vin Chnh tr Khu vc IV

Khoa Kinh t & Qun tr Kinh doanh, Trng i hc Cn Th

Thng tin chung:

Ngy nhn: 29/10/2014
Ngy chp nhn: 27/02/2015

Title:
Factors affecting economic
efficiency in rice producing
of rice faming households in
Can Tho City
T kha:
Hiu qu kinh t, sn xut
la, nng h, yu t u vo,
yu t u ra, Cn Th
Keywords:
Economic efficiency, rice
producing, households,
inputs, outputs, Can Tho

ABSTRACT
This article aims to analyze the determinants of the economic efficiency in
rice production by 815 farming households randomly selected in Can Tho
City. The estimates show that the efficiency is strongly affected by intrinsic
factors such as farm size, input-purchasing method, output-selling method,
number of households labours, types of rice cropping and households
savings, in addition to such external factors as output-selling services by
outsiders, location, etc. Given the results, this article proposes solutions to
improve the economic efficiency so as to raise income of rice-producing
households in Can Tho City.
TM TT
Bi vit phn tch nh hng ca cc yu t n hiu qu kinh t trong sn
xut la ca nng h thng qua h thng d liu s cp thu thp t 815
nng h c chn theo phng php ngu nhin Thnh ph Cn Th.
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca cc
nng h tng i thp v chu nh hng ca cc yu t ni ti nh quy
m din tch, phng thc mua vt t, phng thc bn la, s lng lao
ng gia nh, tp qun canh tc v lng tin nhn ri, bn cnh cc yu
t ngoi bin nh thc trng h tr tiu th sn phm, khong cch t ni
sinh sng ca nng h cc im ch,... Trn c s kt qu c lng, bi
vit xut gii php nng cao hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la nhm
ci thin thu nhp cho nng h trng la Thnh ph Cn Th.
hng nm cung ng trn 20 triu tn la cho
nn kinh t (chim hn 50% sn lng la v
khong 90% sn lng go xut khu ca c nc).1
Trong , Thnh ph Cn Th (TPCT) vi v tr
trung tm (c v kinh t, thng mi ln sn xut
nng nghip) c ng gp quan trng vo thnh
tu ny.

1 GII THIU
Tam nng (nng nghip, nng dn v nng
thn) c v tr chin lc trong cng cuc cng
nghip ha, hin i ha, xy dng v bo v T
quc, ng thi l lc lng quan trng gi vng
n nh chnh tr, pht trin kinh t, m bo an
ninh quc phng, gn gi bn sc vn ha dn tc
v bo v mi trng sinh thi (Ngh quyt 26
NQ/TW). Do , chnh sch Tam nng lun l mt
trong nhng tiu im trong chin lc pht trin
kinh t ca nc ta. ng bng sng Cu Long l
mt trong by vng kinh t trng im ca c nc,

TPCT vi din tch la gn 89.000 ha v h s

s dng t khong 2,5 ln, sn xut bnh qun trn
1 triu tn la mi nm. c bit, nm 2013 thnh
1

116

Ngun: Ban ch o Ty Nam B, 2013.

Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th

Phn D: Khoa hc Chnh tr, Kinh t v Php lut: 36 (2015): 116-125

ph sn xut 1,3 triu tn la (tng 3,8% so vi

nm 2012). Tuy nhin, thu nhp bnh qun ca
lao ng nng thn (k c lao ng trng la)
thnh ph nm 2013 ch khong 25,8 triu
ng/ngi/nm, bng 41% thu nhp bnh qun
u ngi ca thnh ph (62,9 triu ng).2 l
h qu ca vic sn xut nng nghip l thuc vo
thi tit, gi u vo v u ra bin ng tht
thng, thiu h thng bo him ri ro nng
nghip, h thng giao thng km pht trin, thiu
vn,... Mt khc, s thiu lin kt gia nng h
trng la v doanh nghip to iu kin cc tc
nhn trung gian (nh c, thng li v doanh
nghip) th hng phn ln li nhun trong chui
gi tr la go thay v nng h ngi trc tip
lm ra ht la. Do tp qun, cc nng h trng la
ch trng s lng hn l cht lng nn nhiu
loi ging cng c gieo trng nn cht lng
go khng ng u. Vic thu mua, vn chuyn,
bo qun sau thu hoch,... yu km, gy hao ht
ln v nh hng n cht lng ht go. H qu
l go thnh phm kh tip cn c cc th trng
nc ngoi kh tnh. Hin tng lm gim
hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h ni
chung v nng h TPCT ni ring.

2.2 Phng php phn tch

khi qut thc trng hot ng sn xut, tiu
th la ca nng h,... bi vit s dng phng
php thng k m t. Sau , bi vit s dng
phng php c lng Tobit c lng nh
hng ca cc yu t n hiu qu kinh t ca
nng h sn xut la TPCT.
Cc nh nghin cu ch ra nhiu yu t nh
hng n hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca
nng h. u tin l nhm yu t ni ti ca nng
h nh kinh nghim sn xut la, trnh hc vn
ca ch h, quy m din tch t canh tc, phng
thc sn xut, tiu th la, hnh thc mua vt t,
ngun vn sn xut,... Bn cnh , nhm yu t
ngoi bin cng nh hng n hiu qu kinh t
trong sn xut la ca nng h nh cht lng h
thng kt cu h tng, s h tr ca cc t chc
chuyn mn,... Do , cc yu t ny c a vo
m hnh c lng s dng trong bi vit nh sau:
HIEUQUA 0 1KINHNGHIEM
2 HOCVAN 3 DIENTICH
4 DIENTICH 2 5 LDGIADINH
6 HOTRODAUVAO 7 HOTRODAURA

Cc nghin cu (nh Quan Minh Nht, 2006;

Hunh Trng Huy v ctv., 2008; Phm L Thng,
2011; Nguyn Hu ng, 2012) nhn nh rng,
hiu qu trong sn xut la ca nng h thp v c
xu hng gim do k thut sn xut khng ng b
(th hin qua phn phi hiu qu k thut) v k
nng la chn u vo ti u km (th hin qua
phn phi hiu qu phn b). gp phn tm hiu
su hn v nguyn nhn ca yu im ny v lm
sng t thm nhn nh ca cc nghin cu va
cp, bi vit c thc hin nhm phn tch cc
yu t nh hng n hiu qu kinh t ca nng h
sn xut la t xut gii php nng cao
hiu qu kinh t v ci thin thu nhp cho nng h
trng la TPCT ni ring v c nc ni chung.

8 KCTRUNGTAM 9TIENMUAVATTU

(1)

10QUENDAILYVATTU 11PTCANHTAC
12 PTBANLUA 13 LUONGVAY 14 SOLANVAY
15TIENNHANROI

Trong M hnh (1), bin ph thuc HIEUQUA

l hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h
(%) v c xc nh bng cch tng hp hiu qu
kinh t ca cc v la trong nm. Hiu qu kinh t
ca cc v la (ng Xun, H Thu v Thu ng)
c c lng bng hm li nhun bin ngu
nhin (stochastic profit frontier function) vi phn
sai s hn hp c s dng bi nhiu nghin cu
(nh Ali & Flinn, 1989; Ali v ctv., 1994; Rahman,
2003; Nwachukwu & Onyenweaku, 2007; Tanko
& Jirgi, 2008; Abu & Asember, 2011; Phm L
Thng, 2011;...).4

2 D LIU V PHNG PHP PHN TCH

2.1 D liu
S liu s cp ca bi vit c thu thp bng
cch phng vn trc tip 815 nng h sn xut la
TPCT c chn theo phng php chn mu
ngu nhin n gin Vnh Thnh, C , Thi
Lai v Phong in bn huyn chim hn 80%
din tch v sn lng la ca thnh ph.3

Yu t u tin nh hng n hiu qu kinh t

trong sn xut la ca nng h l kinh nghim sn
xut la ca ch h (KINHNGHIEM), o lng
bng s nm tham gia trng la ca ch h. Theo
thi gian, ch h tch ly thm nhiu kinh nghim
v la chn k thut canh tc, ging la v loi yu
t u vo (nht l phn bn v nng dc) sao

Ngun: S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn TP.

Cn Th, 2013.
3 Ngun: Nin gim thng k TP. Cn Th, 2013.

4 Do quy m gii hn ca bi vit nn chng ti khng

trnh by phn c lng ny.

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cho ph hp vi c im ca t nhin v m bo
tnh ma v, qua lm tng hiu qu kinh t
trong sn xut la (Mariano v ctv., 2012). Do ,
h s 1 c k vng l dng. HOCVAN l hc
vn ca ch h (s lp hc) v cng l yu t cn
quan tm khi phn tch hiu qu kinh t trong sn
xut la. l v hc vn cao s gip ch h nhanh
chng tip cn v nm bt k thut sn xut mi,
xu hng thay i ca t nhin, th trng... s
dng hp l cc loi yu t u vo nhm m bo
nng sut cho cy la v cht lng sn phm
(Strauss v ctv., 1991). V vy, h s 2 cng c
k vng l dng.

Poulton v ctv., 2010; Elias v ctv., 2013). Chng

hn, nu c h thng tin v th trng u vo
(ging, phn v thuc nng dc), nng h c th
ch ng chn la yu t u vo ph hp, gip
cy la sinh trng tt v tng nng sut nn hiu
qu kinh t trong sn xut la s tng. Do , h s
6 ca bin HOTRODAUVAO (c tr s l 1 nu
nng h c h tr thng tin v th trng u
vo v l 0 nu ngc li). Ngoi ra, h c cung
cp thng tin th trng sn phm s c gi bn cao
hn, gia tng hiu qu kinh t ca h. V vy, h s
7 ca bin HOTRODAURA (c tr s l 1 nu
nng h nhn c h tr v th trng u ra v l
0 nu ngc li) c k vng l dng.

DIENTICH l din tch t canh tc ca nng

h (1.000 m2). Bin DIENTICH2 (bnh phng ca
DIENTICH) c s dng nhm kim nh mi
quan h phi tuyn c dng ch gia quy m din
tch t canh tc v hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut
la ca nng h (Dorward, 1999). C th, khi quy
m din tch tng dn t nh th hiu qu kinh t
ca nng h s tng theo, bi khi nng h c th
kim sot ngi lao ng (phn ln l lao ng gia
nh) v la chn yu t u vo vi cht lng
m bo (do nhu cu khng ln). ng thi, quy
m din tch cng ln, nng h cng d p dng k
thut canh tc mi tng nng sut v hiu qu
kinh t trong sn xut. Tuy nhin, khi quy m din
tch t vt qu gii hn ti u, nng h s phi
thu lao ng nhiu hn v kh kim sot ng c
lm vic ca h nn hiu qu kinh t s gim.
Ngoi ra, nu quy m qu ln, nng h s cn
lng yu t u vo nhiu hn nhng li kh mua
c cc loi yu t u vo m bo cht lng,
nht l khi thiu vn sn xut (nn phi mua chu)
v th trng yu t u vo km pht trin. V
vy, h s 3 c k vng l dng v h s 4
l m.

S pht trin ca h thng kt cu h tng (c

bit l ng giao thng v h thng thng tin lin
lc) cng ng vai tr quan trng i vi hiu qu
trong sn xut la ca nng h (Rahman, 2003). H
thng kt cu h tng pht trin s gip nng h
nhanh chng tip cn v nm bt xu hng thay
i ca th trng (nht l v gi v th hiu v sn
phm) a ra quyt nh sn xut sao cho ph
hp nhm lm tng hiu qu trong sn xut la ca
nng h. H thng giao thng pht trin cn thc
y s tham gia ca nhiu trung gian thng mi
trn th trng, do lm tng p lc cnh tranh
nn phi u i cho khch hng v nng h c
hng li. Ngoi ra, h thng kt cu h tng cn
gip rt ngn khong cch t nng h n cc
im ch, th t, th trn, th x, thnh ph,... nn
s gip cho nng h d tip cn thng tin th
trng v kin thc mi v k thut sn xut, qua
lm tng hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca
h (Mu & van de Walle, 2007; Yamano & Kijima,
2010; Tadesse & Shively, 2013). Do , h s 8
ca bin KCTRUNGTAM (khong cch t ni sinh
sng ca nng h n th t, th trn, th x hay
thnh ph, tnh bng km) c k vng l m.

Lp lun trn cng ng rng s lng lao

ng gia nh tham gia sn xut (LDGIADINH)
cng nhiu th hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la
ca nng h cng tng, bi lao ng gia nh lun
c ng c lm vic v tinh thn trch nhim cao
i vi kt qu sn xut ca nng h so vi lao
ng thu (Heltberg, 1998). Do , h s 5 c
k vng c tr s dng.

Trong nhiu trng hp, nng h rt kh mua

c yu t u vo vi cht lng ph hp, nht
l khi th trng u vo km pht trin v nng h
b thiu vn thanh ton tin mua vt t nng
nghip. Khi , nhiu nng h phi mua chu vt t
nng nghip v thng phi chp nhn cc iu
kin ca ngi bn (i l vt t nng nghip), m
mt trong nhng cch ngi bn vt t tng li
nhun l gim cht lng v nng h rt kh kim
tra c cht lng sn phm bi cha s dng
vo thi im quyt nh mua. Ngc li, nu mua
vt t bng tin mt th nng h s c th ch ng
kim tra cht lng sn phm. Hn na, cc nng
h mua vt t bng tin mt thng kh gi nn

Tng t, hiu bit y v c im sinh

hc ca cy la, mi trng t nhin v th trng
u vo ln u ra s lm tng hiu qu trong sn
xut la ca nng h. Cc kin thc ny, bn cnh
t hc hi, nng h cn c trang b thng qua
hot ng khuyn nng (Strauss v ctv., 1991;
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cc i l vt t nng nghip kh p t iu kin

ca mnh v phi bn sn phm vi cht lng tt
vi gi hp l. Do , khi t trng s tin mua chu
trong tng s tin mua vt t nng nghip ca nng
h (TIENMUAVATTU) cng cao th hiu qu
kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h s cng
thp (Roosen & Hennessy, 2003; Klemick &
Lichtenberg, 2008; Ma v ctv., 2014; Khor &
Zeller, 2014).

do chu k sn xut di v tch ly thp nn nhiu

nng h kh c th t ti tr hon ton cho sn
xut m phi vay, c bit l tn dng chnh thc
(Ciaian v ctv., 2012; L Khng Ninh, 2013). Hai
kha cnh quan trng ca vn vay i vi hiu qu
kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h l lng vn
vay (LUONGVAY triu ng) v c hi vay vn
(th hin qua s ln vay tn dng chnh thc
SOLANVAY). Nh va cp, nng h sn xut
la cn lng yu t u vo c ch ra bi quy
trnh k thut. Nng sut v hiu qu s thp nu
s dng khng ng s lng ch nh. Lng vn
vay s gip m bo c yu t ny. Ngoi ra, do
sn xut la ph thuc vo yu t t nhin, nhiu
bt ng c th xy ra nn nng h lun cn c vn
kp thi khc phc hay khng ch nhm m
bo hiu qu trong sn xut (L Khng Ninh,
2013). Nh vy, cc h s 13 v 14 c k
vng l dng.

nng thn, mi quan h quen bit c cng

c theo thi gian gia nng h v cc i l vt t
nng nghip c th c xem l yu t m bo
cho cht lng vt t nng nghip, k c hnh
thc mua chu hay tr tin mt (L Khng Ninh &
Cao Vn Hn, 2013; Khor & Zeller, 2014). Do ,
bin QUENDAILYVATTU ( di thi gian ca
mi quan h quen bit vi i l vt t) s nh
hng tch cc n hiu qu kinh t trong sn
xut la ca nng h nn h s 10 c k vng
l dng.

Nh va phn tch, nng h rt cn vn m

bo ngun u vo vi s lng y v cht
lng tt. Do , khi c tin nhn ri cng nhiu,
nng h s cng ch ng trong cc quyt nh s
dng u vo, thu lao ng,... gip cy la t
nng sut cao hn nn hiu qu kinh t s tng. V
vy, h s 15 ca bin TIENNHANROI (lng
tin nhn ri ca nng h, c tnh bng triu
ng) c k vng l dng.

Bin PTCANHTAC (c tr s l 0 nu c canh

la v l 1 nu ngc li) c nh hng n hiu
qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h. c
canh la s lm t suy kit nn nng h phi s
dng phn bn ngy cng nhiu duy tr nng
sut la. Ngc li, lun canh la vi cy trng
khc s gip chuyn ha cht hu c trong t theo
hng c li cho cy trng. Khi , nng sut la
khng nhng gia tng m nng h cn t bn
phn hn, qua nng cao hiu qu kinh t trong
sn xut la. Nh vy, h s 11 c k vng
l dng.

3 KT QU V THO LUN
3.1 Thc trng sn xut la ca nng h TPCT

Kt qu kho st cho thy s nm tham gia hot

ng trng la (kinh nghim) ca ch h l 27,4.
S nm i hc bnh qun ca ch h l 6,9 v ch
c 21,4% ch h tt nghip trung hc c s tr ln.
iu ny cho thy tuy nng h c kh nhiu kinh
nghim ng ph vi cc bin ng ca t nhin
nhng trnh hc vn thp li cn tr vic ng
dng cc tin b k thut trong sn xut la. Din
tch t canh tc la bnh qun ca nng h l 1,45
ha, vi 17,2% nng h c din tch trng la t 0,5
ha tr xung. Din tch canh tc kh nh v
manh mn nn rt kh p dng k thut canh tc
tin tin.

PTBANLUA (c tr s l 1 nu h t ch la i
bn (trc tip) v l 0 nu ngc li) cng nh
hng tch cc n hiu qu kinh t ca nng h.
Phn ln nng h khng iu kin bo qun la
ch gi tt do thiu kho bi, phng tin phi
sy, nhng li chu p lc tr n vay, thanh ton
tin mua chu vt t nng nghip, tin thu mn
lao ng,... Do , nng h thng phi bn la
gp ti rung cho c hay thng li nn d b p
gi. Ngc li, nu nng h c iu kin t ch la
i bn trc tip cho doanh nghip, gi bn la s
cao v t b p gi hn nn lm tng hiu qu kinh
t. Nh vy, h s 12 s c tr s dng.

Nhiu nng h TPCT thng s dng lng

phn bn cao hn khuyn co (nn chi ph ny
chim hn 59% tng chi ph sn xut la) do thi
quen bn phn theo tp qun canh tc truyn thng.
Hnh vi ny lm tng chi ph sn xut, gim hiu
qu ca ngi trng la. Chi ph thu hoch, bo
qun sau thu hoch chim 12,5% tng chi ph, cho
thy nng h cha ch trng cng tc ny. y l

Vn l yu t u vo then cht ca sn xut

nng nghip bi nng h rt cn vn mua vt t,
ging, my mc, thu mn lao ng,... vi s
lng y v cht lng tt nhm m bo tnh
thi v v phng nga ri ro bt ngun t s tht
thng ca th trng, thi tit v dch bnh. Song,
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mt trong nhng nguyn nhn khin cho cht

lng go thnh phm khng ng u v cha

p ng c nhu cu th trng nn lm gim kh

nng cnh tranh ca go Vit Nam.

Bng 1: Chi ph sn xut la ca nng h TPCT

ng Xun
S tin T trng
(1.000 /ha)
(%)
Chi ph phn bn
5.587,1
32,3
Chi ph thuc nng dc
4.664,5
27,0
Chi ph thu hoch
2.156,4
12,5
Chi ph ging
1.859,9
10,7
Chi ph khc
1.264,9
7,3
Chi ph lao ng
1.161,2
6,7
Chi ph ti tiu
610,5
3,5
Tng cng
17.304,5
100,0

Tiu ch

H Thu
S tin T trng
(1.000 /ha)
(%)
6.034,2
32,7
4.951,5
26,8
2.331,6
12,6
1.953,9
10,6
1.359,7
7,4
1.176,1
6,4
663,1
3,6
18.470,2
100,0

Thu ng
S tin T trng
(1.000 /ha)
(%)
6.062,8
32,8
4.907,1
26,6
2.313,6
12,5
1.994,1
10,8
1.350,4
7,3
1.180,2
6,4
660,1
3,6
18.468,2
100,0

Ngun: Tnh ton t s liu t kho st nm 2013

C cu chi ph sn xut la ba v la ng
Xun, H Thu v Thu ng kh ng nht. l
do phn ln nng h TPCT sn xut la theo
kinh nghim nn c cu chi ph sn xut la gn
nh nhau qua cc v trong nm. Chi ph sn xut
la v ng Xun l 17,3 triu ng/ha, thp hn
khong 6,3% so vi chi ph sn xut la v H Thu
v Thu ng. Gi bn la v ng Xun l cao
nht (5,6 ngn ng/kg), chnh lch khong 600
ng/kg so vi gi bn la v H Thu v Thu ng
do cht lng la v ng Xun tt hn bi thi
tit thun li. Do , hiu qu kinh t ca v ng
Xun (60,7%) cao hn v H Thu v Thu ng
(49,2% v 48,4%). Bn cnh yu t thi tit, nng
h thng phi bn la sm chi tr tin mua
chu vt t nng nghip, thu lao ng... nn h
thng b thng li p gi nhiu hn v H Thu
v Thu ng. Theo kt qu kho st, ch c 0,12%
nng h sn xut la t mc hiu qu kinh t t
90% n 100%. S h c mc hiu qu kinh t
di 50% chim t trng kh cao (chim 39,4% s
h c kho st). Mc hiu qu trung bnh ca
cc nng h c kho st tng i thp (khong
53,1%).
3.2 Hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca
nng h

Bng 2: Mc hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut

la ca nng h TPCT
Mc hiu qu (%)
90100
8090
7080
6070
5060
<50
Tng cng

S h
0
27
82
154
151
401
815

T trng (%)
0,0
3,31
10,06
18,90
18,53
49,20
100,0

Ngun: Tnh ton t s liu t kho st nm 2013

Ngoi ra, Bng 2 cho thy khng c nng h

sn xut la no t mc hiu qu kinh t t 90%
n 100%. S h c mc hiu qu kinh t di
50% chim t trng kh cao (chim 49,2% s h
c kho st). Nguyn nhn l do gi u vo v
u ra c nhiu bin ng v nng h khng la
chn lng u vo ti u. Do , nng h khng
th t c li nhun ti a v khng t hiu qu
kinh t cao. Bn cnh d, mc hiu qu trung bnh
ca cc nng h c kho st tng i thp
(khong 48,6%). iu ny cho thy tim nng ci
thin hiu qu kinh t v gia tng li nhun cho
nng h sn xut la TPCT cn rt ln.
3.3 Cc yu t nh hng n hiu qu
kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h

Kt qu nghin cu thc nghim cho thy hiu qu

kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h TPCT nh
bng sau:

Bi vit s dng phng php hi quy Tobit

c lng nh hng ca cc yu t n hiu qu

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kinh t ca nng h sn xut la TPCT. Kt qu

c lng cho thy nhiu bin trong m hnh c
lng u c ngha thng k. Trong , nh
hng ca quy m t canh tc n hiu qu kinh
t trong sn xut la ca nng h l phi tuyn, c
dng . Theo Bng 2, h s c lng ca bin
DIENTICH c tr s dng 3 1,892 v h s

bn (im ch). , vic i li rt kh khn (c

ng b ln ng thy), h thng kt cu h
tng th s v iu kin thng tin lin lc rt hn
ch. Mt khc, h thng cc ch u mi cha pht
trin, khin cho vic giao lu hng ha, kh nng
tip cn thng tin th trng ca nng h... cn gp
nhiu kh khn. iu ny l gii v sao hiu qu
kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h TPCT cn
thp nh va cp.

ca bin DIENTICH2 c tr s m 4 0,018 ,

cng mc ngha thng k 1%. Vi kt qu ny,
ly o hm ring bc nht ca HIEUQUA theo
DIENTICH, ta c:

T trng s tin mua chu vt t

(TIENMUAVATTU) cng nh hng nghch chiu
n hiu qu kinh t ca nng h 9 0,045 ,

HIEUQUA
1,888 2 0, 018 DIENTICH
DIENTICH
1,888 0, 036 DIENTICH
HIEUQUA
1,888
0 DIENTICH
52,444
DIENTICH
0,036

mc ngha 1%. Khi mua chu cng nhiu, nng

h cng phi chp nhn iu kin do cc i l vt
t nng nghip t ra (gi v loi vt t nng
nghip) v cng kh kim sot c cht lng v
gi ca chng, do hiu qu kinh t ca nng h
s gim.

Nh vy, nu DIENTICH 52, 444 (hay

5,2444 ha) th quy m din tch t canh tc tng s
lm tng hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca
nng h, nh c l gii phn c s l
thuyt. Tuy nhin, khi din tch t canh tc tng
vt qu 5,2444 ha th nng h s phi thu mn
lao ng v kh kim sot ng c lm vic ca h
nn hiu qu kinh t s gim. Quy m tng nn cc
nng h s cn lng yu t u vo ln hn
nhng kh mua c cc loi yu t u vo m
bo cht lng do th trng yu t u vo km
pht trin v b thiu vn. V th hiu qu kinh t
ca nng h s gim i.

Ngc li, h s hi quy ca bin

PTCANHTAC li c tr s dng 11 11, 788 , vi
mc ngha 1%. iu cho thy, hiu qu kinh
t ca nng h trng la lun canh cao hn nng
h trng c canh la. H s hi quy ca bin
PTBANLUA c tr s dng 12 4, 271 , mc
ngha 5%.
Ngoi ra, lng tin nhn ri cng nh hng
thun chiu n hiu qu kinh t ca nng h
15 0, 408 , mc ngha 1%. Nng h nc ta
ni chung v TPCT ni ring rt kh tip cn
ngun vn tn dng chnh thc. Do , nng h b
thiu vn trong khi sn xut la c gi tr gia tng
thp, cng vi chu k sn xut di (L Khng
Ninh, 2013). V vy, khi c tin nhn ri (tin gi
tit kim hay tin tham gia hi) cng nhiu nng h
s cng ch ng vic mua u vo, thu lao
ng... gip cy la t nng sut cao hn nn s
ci thin hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la.

H s c lng ca bin LDGIADINH c tr

s dng 5 0,833 , mc ngha 10%. Do lao
ng gia nh lun c ng c lm vic v tinh
thn trch nhim cao hn lao ng thu nn lao
ng gia nh cng nhiu s gip lm tng hiu qu
kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h. Tng t,
bin HOTRODAURA cng nh hng tch cc n
hiu qu kinh t ca nng h 7 2,119 , mc

Khc vi cc bin trn, cc bin cn li (nh

KINHNGHIEM, HOCVAN, HOTRODAUVAO,
QUENDAILYVATTU,
LUONGVAY
v
SOLANVAY) trong m hnh c lng khng c
ngha thng k. H s c lng ca bin
KINHNGHIEM khng c ngha thng k bi
kinh nghim sn xut ca ch h kh pht huy tc
dng do chu nh hng ca nhiu yu t khc nh
gi u vo, gi sn phm v cu trc th trng.
L gii cho h s ca bin HOCVAN cng tng t
nh i vi h s ca bin KINHNGHIEM. H s
c lng ca bin HOTRODAUVAO khng c
ngha thng k do cc thng tin v th trng u

ngha 10%. C th, khi nng h c h tr tip

cn th trng u ra, h s nm c thng tin th
trng tt hn nn sn xut ng nhu cu th
trng, t b ngi mua p gi v bn c gi cao
hn. Nh , hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la s
gia tng.
Khong cch t ni sinh sng nng h n th
t, th trn, th x... c nh hng nghch chiu n
hiu qu kinh t ca nng h, mc ngha 1%
8 0, 229 . Hin nay, a bn sn xut la ch
yu ca TPCT l cc vng nng thn kh bit lp
vi cc trc l giao thng v cc trung tm mua
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vo kh s si nn cha th h tr thit thc cho

nng h, nht l khi nng h b thiu vn nn phi
mua chu vt t v b p lc phi chp nhn cc
iu kin (bt li) do cc i l vt t t ra. H s
c lng ca bin QUENDAILYVATTU cng
khng c ngha thng k bi cc mi quan h
cng ng, lng x truyn thng nng thn ngy
nay nht nha v cc i l vt t thng t

mc tiu ti a ha li nhun ln trn ht. Cui

cng, LUONGVAY v SOLANVAY c cc h s
c lng khng c ngha thng k do sn xut
nng nghip nhiu ri ro nn cc t chc tn dng
hn ch cho vay nng h, do lng tin vay v
s ln vay ca cc nng h khng ng k nn
khng c nh hng n hiu qu kinh t trong sn
xut la ca nng h.

Bng 3: Kt qu c lng nh hng ca cc yu t n hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca

nng h TPCT
Bin ph thuc: HIEUQUA hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h (%)

Hng s
HOCVAN
KINHNGHIEM
DIENTICH
DIENTICH2
LDGIADINH
HOTRODAUVAO
HOTRODAURA
KCTRUNGTAM
TIENMUAVATTU
QUENDAILYVATTU
PTCANHTAC
PTBANLUA
LUONGVAY
SOLANVAY
TIENNHANROI
S quan st
Gi tr 2
Mc ngha m hnh
Gi tr Log likelihood

H s c lng
33,136***
(12,220)
0,195
(1,290)
0,025
(0,550)
1,892***
(15,940)
0,018***
(8,450)
0,833*
(1,830)
1,564
(1,310)
2,119*
(1,940)
0,229***
(3,790)
0,045***
(3,650)
0,025
(1,290)
11,788***
(8,350)
4,271**
(2,410)
0,172
(1,560)
0,006
(0,200)
0,408***
(2,790)
815
43,260

Sai s chun

HIEUQUA / X i

2,712
0,152

0,195

0,046

0,025

0,119

1,888

0,002

0,018

0,455

0,831

1,196

1,561

1,094

2,115

0,060

0,228

0,012

0,045

0,019

0,024

1,412

11,718

1,770

4,260

0,110

0,172

0,032

0,006

0,146

0,407

0,000
3254,108

Ghi ch: Gi tr c trnh by dng th 1 ca mi bin s l h s i . Dng th 2 l gi tr tc ng bin ca bin

c lp i vi bin ph thuc HIEUQUA. ***: mc ngha 1%; **: mc ngha 5%; *: mc ngha 10%
Ngun: Tnh ton t s liu t kho st nm 2013

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nng h. Do , cn tng cng hot ng cung

cp thng tin th trng v ti c cu knh phn
phi la go thng qua pht trin cc cm cng
nghip xay xt ti (gn) cc vng trng im sn
xut la nng h c th tip xc trc tip vi
cc doanh nghip v trnh b l thuc vo c v
thng li la go.

Nh vy, nng cao hiu qu kinh t trong

sn xut la v ci thin thu nhp cho nng h
trng la TPCT ni ring v c nc ni chung
th bn thn nng h v nh qun l cn lu mt
s vn nh sau:
Do quy m din tch canh tc ca cc nng h
trng la kh nh nn sn xut manh mn v hiu
qu kinh t trong sn xut la thp. V vy, cc
nng h c iu kin nn pht trin theo hng
u t mua thm rung t t hiu qu kinh t
cao hn. Nng h c th pht trin theo m hnh
kinh t trang tri hoc lin kt sn xut theo m
hnh Cnh ng mu ln. Cc nng h khng
iu kin t hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la
mc chp nhn c cn mnh dn chuyn i
ngnh ngh. i vi nhm ny, cc cp chnh
quyn cn quan tm h tr o to ngh v to iu
kin vay vn.

Cui cng, Chnh ph cn c chnh sch

khuyn khch nng h hn ch c canh cy la
bi nh th t s bc mu nn chi ph sn xut
tng, trong khi cht lng ht la s gim v mi
trng s b suy thoi. Tt c cc iu ny s nh
hng n hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la trong
di hn.
4 KT LUN
Mc tiu bi vit l phn tch nh hng ca
cc yu t n hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la
nhm xut gii php nng cao hiu qu kinh t
cho nng h thng qua h thng d liu s cp thu
thp t 815 nng h c chn ngu nhin
TPCT. p ng mc tiu nghin cu, bi vit s
dng phng php c lng Tobit, vi bin ph
thuc HIEUQUA trong m hnh l hiu qu kinh t
trong sn xut la ca nng h.

Nng h cng c th hp tc sn xut bng

cch tham gia hp tc x. Cc hp tc x c t
chc theo kiu mi to ra s tng tr gia cc
nng h khc phc tnh phi hiu qu khi din
tch canh tc vt qu tm kim sot ca c th
nng h. Hp tc x cn gip cung cp dch v u
vo (vt t nng nghip, ging, lao ng...) cho x
vin vi gi hp l theo hnh thc bn tr chm
(thay th i l vt t nng nghip). u th ca cc
x vin hp tc x l sn phm c bn vi gi
cao (hn bn ngoi) nh p dng k thut canh tc
c chun ha v khng phi qua tay thng li
v c. Bng vic thc hin ng b cc bin
php k thut, gim st dch bnh, s dng nng
dc thn thin vi mi trng... hp tc x s
gip x vin trnh c ri ro trong sn xut v
m bo cht lng la go lm tng hiu qu
kinh t.

Mc hiu qu trung bnh ca cc nng h c

kho st tng i thp (khong 53,1%), ch c
0,12% nng h sn xut la t mc hiu qu kinh
t t 90% n 100%. S h c mc hiu qu kinh
t di 50% chim t trng kh cao (39,4% s h
c kho st). Kt qu ny cho thy tim nng ci
thin hiu qu kinh t cho nng h sn xut la
TPCT cn rt ln.
Kt qu c lng cho thy h s ca nhiu
bin trong m hnh c lng c ngha thng k.
Trong , nh hng ca quy m t canh tc n
hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca nng h l
phi tuyn, c dng . C th, nu quy m t canh
tc nh hn 5,2444 ha, s gia tng ca quy m t
canh tc s lm tng hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut
la ca nng h. Nhng khi din tch t canh tc
vt qu mc ny, hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut
la ca nng h s gim. Cc bin LDGIADINH,
HOTRODAURA, PTCANHTAC v PTBANLUA
u c tc ng thun chiu n hiu qu kinh t
trong sn xut la ca nng h. Ngc li, bin
KCTRUNGTAM v PTMUAVATTU li c nh hng
nghch chiu n hiu qu kinh t ca nng h. Cc
yu t khc (nh HOCVAN, KINHNGHIEM,
HOTRODAUVAO, QUENDAILYVATTU, LUONGVAY
v SOLANVAY) c h s c lng u khng c
ngha thng k.

Lao ng gia nh c ng gp quan trng i

vi hiu qu trong sn xut la ca nng h. Tuy
nhin, do thu nhp nng thn thp v t c c hi
pht trin nn lao ng nng thn c xu hng di
c ra thnh th, khin cho nng thn b thiu lao
ng v nng h phi thu mn lao ng ngoi.
khc phc hin tng ny v gi lao ng li
nng thn, cc t chc c lin quan cn h tr pht
trin ngh phi nng nghip nng thn lao
ng nng thn c th tn dng thi gian nhn ri
lm tng thu nhp v ng thi tham gia sn
xut la.
c bit, hot ng h tr thng tin u ra v
phng thc bn la (trc tip) c nh hng tch
cc n hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut la ca
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