SQL> select first_name, to_char(hire_date, 'Day, DD-Mon-YY') from employees wher

e upper(first_name) like 'AL%' order by soundex(first_name);

FIRST_NAME

TO_CHAR(HIRE_DATE,'DAY,DD-MON-YY')

-------------------- -------------------------------------------Alberto

Senin , 10-Mar-97

Alyssa

Rabu , 19-Mar-97

Alexis

Kamis , 20-Peb-97

Alexander

Kamis , 18-Mei-95

Alexander

Rabu , 03-Jan-90

Alana

Jumat , 24-Apr-98

Allan

Kamis , 01-Agt-96

7 rows selected.

SQL> select first_name, salary , commission_pct, salary + (salary * commission_p

ct) compensation from employees where first_name like 'T%';

FIRST_NAME

SALARY COMMISSION_PCT COMPENSATION

-------------------- ---------- -------------- -----------TJ

Trenna
Tayler
Timothy

2100
3500
9600

,2

11520

2900

SQL> select first_name, salary , commission_pct, salary + (salary * commission_p

ct) compensation from employees where first_name like 'T%';

FIRST_NAME

SALARY COMMISSION_PCT COMPENSATION

-------------------- ---------- -------------- -----------TJ

Trenna
Tayler
Timothy

2100
3500
9600

,2

11520

2900

SQL> select first_name, salary , commission_pct, salary + (salary * nvl(commissi

on_pct,0)) compensation from employees where first_name like 'T%';

FIRST_NAME

SALARY COMMISSION_PCT COMPENSATION

-------------------- ---------- -------------- -----------TJ

Trenna
Tayler
Timothy

2100

2100

3500
9600
2900

3500
,2

11520
2900

SQL> select first_name, salary, commission_pct, nvl2(commission_pct, salary + sa

lary* commission_pct ,salary) compensation from employees where first_name like
'T%';

FIRST_NAME

SALARY COMMISSION_PCT COMPENSATION

-------------------- ---------- -------------- -----------TJ

Trenna
Tayler
Timothy

2100

2100

3500

3500

9600

,2

2900

11520
2900

SQL> select last_name , salary , commission_pct as comm, coalesce ( salary+salar

y*commission_pct , salary+100 , 900) compensation from employees where
last_name
like 'T%';

LAST_NAME

SALARY

COMM COMPENSATION

------------------------- ---------- ---------- -----------Taylor

8600

,2

10320

Taylor

3200

3300

Tobias

2800

2900

Tucker

10000

,3

13000

Tuvault

7000

,15

8050

SQL> select ascii('A') Big_A, ascii('z') little_Z , ascii('AMER') from dual;

BIG_A LITTLE_Z ASCII('AMER')

---------- ---------- ------------65

122

65

SQL> select ascii('A') Big_A, ascii('Z') little_Z , ascii('AMER') from dual;

BIG_A LITTLE_Z ASCII('AMER')

---------- ---------- ------------65

90

65

SQL> select ascii('a') Big_A, ascii('Z') little_Z , ascii('AMER') from dual;

BIG_A LITTLE_Z ASCII('AMER')

---------- ---------- ------------97

90

65

SQL> select chr(65) from dual;

C
A

SQL> select concat(concat(first_name, ''),last_name) employee_name , first_name

|| ' ' || last_name as alternate_method from employees where department_id = 30;

EMPLOYEE_NAME
--------------------------------------------ALTERNATE_METHOD
---------------------------------------------DenRaphaely
Den Raphaely

AlexanderKhoo
Alexander Khoo

ShelliBaida
Shelli Baida

EMPLOYEE_NAME
--------------------------------------------ALTERNATE_METHOD
---------------------------------------------SigalTobias
Sigal Tobias

GuyHimuro

Guy Himuro

KarenColmenares
Karen Colmenares

6 rows selected.
SQL> column employee_name format a23
SQL> select concat(concat(first_name, ''),last_name) employee_name , first_name
|| ' ' || last_name as alternate_method from employees where department_id = 30;

EMPLOYEE_NAME

ALTERNATE_METHOD

----------------------- ---------------------------------------------DenRaphaely

Den Raphaely

AlexanderKhoo

Alexander Khoo

ShelliBaida

Shelli Baida

SigalTobias

Sigal Tobias

GuyHimuro
KarenColmenares

6 rows selected.

Guy Himuro
Karen Colmenares

SQL> select kata, initcap(kata) initcap_example from sample_data;

KATA

INITCAP_EXAMPLE

-------------------- -------------------THE three muskETeers The Three Musketeers

ali and*41*thieves Ali And*41*Thieves
mississippi
mister INDIA

Mississippi
Mister India

SQL> select kata, instr(kata,'i',4,1) instr_example from sample_data;

KATA

INSTR_EXAMPLE

-------------------- ------------THE three muskETeers

ali and*41*thieves
mississippi

14
5

mister INDIA

SQL> select kata , instr(kata, 'is',-4,1) instr_example from sample_data;

KATA

INSTR_EXAMPLE

-------------------- ------------THE three muskETeers

ali and*41*thieves
mississippi
mister INDIA

0
5
2

SQL> select kata , length(kata) length_example from sample_data;

KATA

LENGTH_EXAMPLE

-------------------- -------------THE three muskETeers

20

ali and*41*thieves
mississippi
mister INDIA

18
11
12

SQL> select kata , lower(kata) length_example from sample_data;

KATA

LENGTH_EXAMPLE

-------------------- -------------------THE three muskETeers the three musketeers

ali and*41*thieves ali and*41*thieves
mississippi
mister INDIA

mississippi
mister india

SQL> select lpad(last_name,10) lpad_lname, lpad(salary,8,'*') lpad_salary from

employees where last_name like 'J%';

LPAD_LNAME

LPAD_SALARY

---------------------------------------- -------------------------------Johnson
Jones

****6200
****2800

SQL> select ltrim('Mississippi','Mis') test1, ltrim('Rpadded

2 ,ltrim('

Lpadded')test3,ltrim('

')test2

Lpadded', 'Z') test4 from dual

TES TEST2

TEST3 TEST4

--- -------------- ------- ------------ppi Rpadded

Lpadded

Lpadded

SQL> select replace('uptown', 'up' , 'down')from dual;

REPLACE(
-------downtown

SQL> select rpad(first_name,15,'.') rpad_fname, lpad(job_id,12,'.') lpad_jid from

employees where first_name like 'B%';

RPAD_FNAME

LPAD_JID

---------------------- -------------------Bruce..........

.....IT_PROG

Britney........

....SH_CLERK

SQL> select rtrim('Mississippi' , 'ip')test1 ,rtrim('Rpadded

im('Rpadded ', 'Z') test3, rtrim('

') test2 , rtr

Lpadded') test4 from dual;

TEST1 TEST2 TEST3

TEST4

------- ------- ---------- ------------Mississ Rpadded Rpadded

Lpadded

SQL> select first_name, last_name from employees where soundex(first_name) =

sou
ndex('Stevan');

FIRST_NAME

LAST_NAME

-------------------- ------------------------Steven

King

Steven

Markle

Stephen

Stiles

SQL> l
1 select substr('The Three Musketeers',1,3) Part1
2 ,substr('The Three Musketeers',5,5) Part2
3 ,substr('The Three Musketeers',11) Part3

4* ,substr('The Three Musketeers', -5) Part4 from dual

SQL> /

PAR PART2 PART3

PART4

--- ----- ---------- ----The Three Musketeers teers

SQL> select last_name, translate(last_name, 'aeiou' , '*#$') no_vowel from emplo

yees where last_name like 'S%';

LAST_NAME

NO_VOWEL

------------ -----------Sarchand
Sciarra
Seo

S*rch*nd
Sc$*rr*
S#

Sewall

S#w*ll

Smith

Sm$th

Smith

Sm$th

Stiles
Sullivan
Sully

St$l#s
Sll$v*n
Slly

9 rows selected.

SQL> l
1* select kata , translate(kata,
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR
STUVWXYZ', 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')
abjad from sa
mple_data
SQL> /

KATA

ABJAD

---------------------- ---------------------THE three muskETeers the THREE MUSKetEERS

ali and*41*thieves
mississippi

ALI AND*41*THIEVES

MISSISSIPPI

mister INDIA

MISTER india

SQL> select trim (' fully padded

padded ') tesst3 from dual;

TEST1

TEST2

')test1 , trim('

left padded')test2, trim('right

TESST3

------------ ----------- -----------fully padded left padded right padded

SQL> select first_name , last_name from employees where upper(first_name) =
'JOHN';

FIRST_NAME

LAST_NAME

-------------------- ------------

John

Chen

John

Russell

John

Seo

SQL> select kata , upper(kata) besar from sample_data;

KATA

BESAR

---------------------- -------------------THE three muskETeers THE THREE MUSKETEERS

ali and*41*thieves
mississippi

ALI AND*41*THIEVES

MISSISSIPPI

mister INDIA

MISTER INDIA

SQL> select acos(-1) PI, acos (0) acoszero, acos(.045) acos045,acos(1) zero from
dual;

PI ACOSZERO

ACOS045

ZERO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------3,14159265 1,57079633 1,52578113

SQL> select asin(-1) high, asin(0) middle, asin(-1) low from dual;

HIGH

MIDDLE

LOW

---------- ---------- ----------1,5707963

0 -1,5707963

SQL> select atan(9e99) high, atan(0) middle, atan(-9e99) low from dual;

HIGH

MIDDLE

LOW

---------- ---------- ---------1,57079633

0 -1,5707963

SQL> select atan2(9e99,1) high, atan2(0,3.1415) middle, atan2(-9e99,1) low from

dual;

HIGH

MIDDLE

LOW

---------- ---------- ---------1,57079633

0 -1,5707963

SQL> select atan2(9e99,1) high, atan2(0,3.1415) middle, atan2(-9e99,1) low from

dual;

HIGH

MIDDLE

LOW

---------- ---------- ---------1,57079633

0 -1,5707963

SQL> select bitand(6,3) T1, bitand(8,2) T2 from dual;

T1

T2

---------- ---------2

SQL> select ceil(9.8), ceil(-32.85), ceil(0),ceil(5) from dual;

CEIL(9.8) CEIL(-32.85)

CEIL(0)

CEIL(5)

---------- ------------ ---------- ---------10

-32

SQL> select ceil(9.8), ceil(-32.85), ceil(0),ceil(5) from dual;

CEIL(9.8) CEIL(-32.85)

CEIL(0)

CEIL(5)

---------- ------------ ---------- ---------10

-32

SQL> select cos(-3.14159) from dual;

COS(-3.14159)
-------------1

SQL> select cosh(1.4) from dual;

COSH(1.4)
---------2,15089847

SQL>

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select exp(1) "e" from dual;

e
---------2,71828183

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select floor(9.8), floor(-32.85), floor(137) from dual;

FLOOR(9.8) FLOOR(-32.85) FLOOR(137)

---------- ------------- ---------9

-33

137

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select ln(2.7) from dual;

LN(2.7)
---------,993251773

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select log(8,64), log(3,27), log(2,1024), log(2,8) from dual;

LOG(8,64) LOG(3,27) LOG(2,1024) LOG(2,8)

---------- ---------- ----------- ---------2

10

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select mod(14,5) , mod(8,2.5), mod(-64,7) , mod(12,0) from dual;

MOD(14,5) MOD(8,2.5) MOD(-64,7) MOD(12,0)

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------4

,5

-1

12

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select nanvl(to_binary-float('NaN'),0)t1, nanvl(to_binary_float('NaN'), nul
l)t2 from dual;

select nanvl(to_binary-float('NaN'),0)t1, nanvl(to_binary_float('NaN'), null)t2

from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression

SQL> select nanvl(to_binary_float('NaN'),0)t1, nanvl(to_binary_float('NaN'), nul

l)t2 from dual;

T1

T2

---------- ---------0

SQL> select power(2,10), power(3,3), power(5,3), power(2,-3) from dual;

POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3) POWER(5,3) POWER(2,-3)

----------- ---------- ---------- ----------1024

27

125

,125

SQL>

SQL> select remainder(13,5) , remainder(12,5), remainder(12.5,5) from dual;

REMAINDER(13,5) REMAINDER(12,5) REMAINDER(12.5,5)

--------------- --------------- -----------------

-2

2,5

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> selec mod(13.5) ,mod(12.5) ,mod(12.5,5) from dual;
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "selec mod(..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> select mod(13.5) ,mod(12.5) ,mod(12.5,5) from dual;
select mod(13.5) ,mod(12.5) ,mod(12.5,5) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00909: invalid number of arguments

SQL> select mod(13,5) ,mod(12,5) ,mod(12.5,5) from dual;

MOD(13,5) MOD(12,5) MOD(12.5,5)

---------- ---------- ----------3

2,5

SQL> select round(123.489), round (123.489,2), round (123.489,-2), round (1275

,-2)
2 from dual;

ROUND(123.489) ROUND(123.489,2) ROUND(123.489,-2) ROUND(1275,-2)

-------------- ---------------- ----------------- -------------123

123,49

100

1300

SQL> select sign(-2.3), sign(0), sign(47) from dual;

SIGN(-2.3)

SIGN(0) SIGN(47)

---------- ---------- ----------1

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;

SIN(1.57079)
-----------1

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select sinh(1) from dual;

SINH(1)
---------1,17520119

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select sqrt(64), sqrt(49), sqrt(5) from dual;

SQRT(64) SQRT(49)

SQRT(5)

---------- ---------- ---------8

7 2,23606798

SQL> select tan(1.57079633/2) "45_degrees" from dual

2 ;

45_degrees
---------1

SQL>
SQL> select tanh( acos(-1) ) hyp_tan_of_pi from dual;

HYP_TAN_OF_PI
------------,996272076

SQL> select trunc(123.489), trunc(123.489, 2) , trunc(123.489, -2) ,trunc(1275,

-2) from dual;

TRUNC(123.489) TRUNC(123.489,2) TRUNC(123.489,-2) TRUNC(1275,-2)

-------------- ---------------- ----------------- --------------

123

123,48

100

1200

SQL>
SQL> select first_name, salary , width_bucket( salary , 2500 , 11000, 10) hist f
rom employees where first_name like'J%';

FIRST_NAME

SALARY

HIST

-------------------- ---------- ---------John

Jose Manuel
Julia

8200

7800
3200

7
1

James

2400

James

2500

Jason

3300

John

2700

Joshua
John
Janette
Jonathon

FIRST_NAME

2500

14000

11

10000

8600

SALARY

HIST

-------------------- ---------- ---------Jack

8400

Jean

3100

Julia
Jennifer

3400
3600

2
2

Jennifer

4400

16 rows selected.

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
---------02-02-2016

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='DD-Mon-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';

Session altered.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
-------------------02-Peb-2016 09:43:50

SQL>

SQL> select sysdate from dual

2 ;

SYSDATE
-------------------02-Peb-2016 09:46:41

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select sysdate, systimestamp from dual;

SYSDATE
-------------------SYSTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------02-Peb-2016 09:47:08
02-02-2016 09.47.08,861000 +07:00

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='DD-Mon-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';

Session altered.

SQL> alter session set nls_timestamp_tz_format='YYYY-Mon-DD HH:MI:SS.FF TZR';

Session altered.

SQL> select sysdate, systimestamp from dual;

SYSDATE
-------------------SYSTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------02-Peb-2016 09:49:47
2016-Peb-02 09:49:47.847000 +07:00
SQL> select systimestamp , localtimestamp from dual;

SYSTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------LOCALTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------2016-Peb-02 09:53:06.618000 +07:00
02-02-2016 09.53.06,618000

SQL> alter session set time_zone = '+08:00';

Session altered.

SQL> select systimestamp , localtimestamp from dual;

SYSTIMESTAMP

--------------------------------------------------------------------------LOCALTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------2016-Peb-02 09:54:20.514000 +07:00
02-02-2016 10.54.20,514000

SQL> select sysdate, add_months(sysdate, -1) prev_month,

add_months(sysdate,12)
next_year from dual;

SYSDATE

PREV_MONTH

NEXT_YEAR

-------------------- -------------------- -------------------02-Peb-2016 09:57:13 02-Jan-2016 09:57:13 02-Peb-2017 09:57:13

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='DD-Mon-YYY HH24:MI:SS';

Session altered.

SQL> select sysdate, current_date from dual;

SYSDATE

CURRENT_DATE

------------------- ------------------02-Peb-016 10:07:43 02-Peb-016 11:07:44

SQL> select sysdate, current_date from dual;

SYSDATE

CURRENT_DATE

------------------- ------------------02-Peb-016 10:07:43 02-Peb-016 11:07:44

SQL>
SQL> alter session set time_zone = 'US/Eastern';

Session altered.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select sysdate, current_date from dual;

SYSDATE

CURRENT_DATE

------------------- ------------------02-Peb-016 10:10:24 01-Peb-016 22:10:25

SQL> select current_date, current_timestamp from dual;

CURRENT_DATE
------------------CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------01-Peb-016 22:12:20
2016-Peb-01 10:12:19.898000 US/EASTERN

SQL> select dbtimezone from dual;

DBTIME
-----+00:00

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select sysdate, extract(year from sysdate) year_d from dual;

SYSDATE

YEAR_D

------------------- ---------02-Peb-016 10:16:16

2016

SQL> select localtimestamp, extract(year from localtimestamp) year_ts, extract(day

from localtimestamp) day_ts, extract(second from localtimestamp) second_ts from
dual;

LOCALTIMESTAMP

YEAR_TS

DAY_TS SECOND_TS

----------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------01-02-2016 22.21.48,937000

2016

48,937

SQL>
SQL> select localtimestamp, from_tz(localtimestamp, 'Japan') Japan, from_tz(loca
ltimestamp, '-5:00') Central from dual;

LOCALTIMESTAMP
----------------------------JAPAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------CENTRAL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------01-02-2016 22.25.46,987000
2016-Peb-01 10:25:46.987000 JAPAN
2016-Peb-01 10:25:46.987000 -05:00

SQL> select sysdate, last_day(sysdate) end_of_month, last_day(sysdate)+1

next_month from dual;

SYSDATE

END_OF_MONTH

NEXT_MONTH

------------------- ------------------- ------------------02-Peb-016 10:27:17 29-Peb-016 10:27:17 01-Mar-016 10:27:17

SQL> select months_between('31-mar-08' , '30-sep-08') E1,

2 months_between('11-mar-08' , '30-sep-08') E2 from dual;

E1

E2

---------- ----------6 -6,6129032

SQL> select sysdate dallas, new_time(sysdate,'CDT','HDT') Hawaii from dual;

DALLAS

HAWAII

------------------- ------------------02-Peb-016 10:47:00 02-Peb-016 06:47:00

SQL> select sysdate, next_day(sysdate, 'Thu') next_thu, next_day('31-OCT-2008','

Tue') election_day from dual;
select sysdate, next_day(sysdate, 'Thu') next_thu, next_day('31-OCT-2008','Tue')
election_day from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01846: not a valid day of the week

SQL> select sysdate,round(sysdate,'HH24') round_hour, round(sysdate) round_date

round(sysdate,'MM') new_month, round(sysdate,'YY') new_year from dual;

SYSDATE

ROUND_HOUR

ROUND_DATE

NEW_MONTH

------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------NEW_YEAR

------------------02-Peb-016 10:55:49 02-Peb-016 11:00:00 02-Peb-016 00:00:00 01-Peb-016
00:00:00
01-Jan-016 00:00:00

SQL> select dbtimezone, sessiontimezone from dual;

DBTIME SESSIONTIMEZONE

------ -------------------+00:00 US/Eastern

SQL> select current_timestamp local, sys_extract_utc(current_timestamp) gmt from

dual;

LOCAL

GMT

------------------------- ------------------------2016-Peb-01 11:04:07.2510 02-02-2016 04.04.07,25100

00 US/EASTERN

SQL> select sysdate, trunc(sysdate,'HH24') curr_hour, trunc(sysdate) curr_date,

trunc(sysdate,'MM') curr_month, trunc(sysdate, 'YY') curr_year from dual;

SYSDATE

CURR_HOUR

CURR_DATE

CURR_MONTH

------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------CURR_YEAR

------------------02-Peb-016 11:08:59 02-Peb-016 11:00:00 02-Peb-016 00:00:00 01-Peb-016
00:00:00
01-Jan-016 00:00:00

SQL> select tz_offset(sessiontimezone) newyork, tz_offset('US/Pacific')los_angel

es, tz_offset('Europe/London')london, tz_offset('Asia/Singapore') singapore from
dual;

NEWYORK LOS_ANG LONDON SINGAPO

------- ------- ------- -------05:00 -08:00 +00:00 +08:00
SQL> select asciistr('canon') E1, asciistr('fab')E2 from dual;

E1

E2

----- --canon fab

SQL> select bin_to_num(1,1,0,1) bitfield1 ,bin_to_num(0,0,0,1) from dual;

BITFIELD1 BIN_TO_NUM(0,0,0,1)
---------- ------------------13

SQL>
SQL> select cast(sysdate as timestamp with local time zone) dt_2_ts from dual;

DT_2_TS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------02-02-2016 14.02.30,000000

SQL> select rowid, first_name from employees where first_name = 'Sarath';

ROWID

FIRST_NAME

------------------ -------------------AAAC9EAAEAAAABXAA9 Sarath

SQL> select first_name, last_name from employees where rowid=

chartorowid('AAAC9
EAAEAAAABXAA9');

FIRST_NAME

LAST_NAME

-------------------- ------------------------Sarath

Sewall

SQL> select convert('vis-a-vis', 'AL16UTF12','AL32UTF8') from dual;

select convert('vis-a-vis', 'AL16UTF12','AL32UTF8') from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01482: unsupported character set

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'Day Ddspth, Month YYY' ,

'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=German'
) Today_Heute from dual;

TODAY_HEUTE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dienstag Second, Februar 016

SQL> select to_char(sysdate, '"On the "Ddspth" day of "Month, YYYY') Today from
dual;

TODAY
----------------------------------------------------------------------On the Second day of Februari , 2016

SQL> select sysdate, to_char(sysdate,'Mmspth') Month, to_char(sysdate,'DDth')

Day,to_char(sysdate,'Yyyysp') Year from dual;
SYSDATE

MONTH

DAY YEAR

---------- -------- ---- -----------------------------------------03-02-2016 Second 03RD Two Thousand Sixteen

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'MONTH') uppercase from dual;

UPPERCASE
-----------------------------------FEBRUARI

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'CCth "Century" BC') uppercase from dual;

UPPERCASE
---------------

21ST Century M

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'"On the "DDSpth" Day of "MONTH" , "YYYY" ') TAHUN f
rom dual;

TAHUN
------------------------------------------------------------------------On the THIRD Day of FEBRUARI , 2016

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'"On the "DdSpth" Day of "FMMonth" , "YYYY" ') TAHUN
from dual;

TAHUN
------------------------------------------------------------------------On the Third Day of Februari , 2016

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'DS TS') TAHUN from dual;

TAHUN

------------------03-02-2016 15:20:05

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'"Today is week" WW "and day" DDD') TAHUN from
dual;

TAHUN
---------------------------Today is week 05 and day 034

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'Year') TAHUN from dual;

TAHUN
-----------------------------------------Twenty Sixteen

SQL>
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'W WW WW D DD DDD Y YY YYY YYYY') TAHUN from
dual;

TAHUN
------------------------------

1 05 05 3 03 034 6 16 016 2016

SQL> select to_char(-1234.56, 'LO99G999D99MI',
2 'NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS='',.''
3 NLS_CURRENCY=''DM''
4 NLS_ISO_CURRENCY=''GERMANY''
5 ') Balance
6 from dual
7 /
select to_char(-1234.56, 'LO99G999D99MI',
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01481: invalid number format model

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-RR HH24:MI:SS';

Session altered.

SQL> select to_date('30-SEP-2007', 'DD/MON/YY') DateExample from dual;

DATEEXAMPLE
-----------------30-SEP-07 00:00:00

SQL> select to_date('SEP-2007 13', 'MON/YYYY HH24') DateExample from dual;

DATEEXAMPLE
-----------------01-SEP-07 13:00:00

SQL> select sysdate, to_char(sysdate, 'J') Julian from dual;

SYSDATE

JULIAN

------------------ ------03-PEB-16 16:18:33 2457422

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>

SQL>
SQL> set verify off
SQL> select to_char(to_date(&num, 'J'), 'jsp') num_to_spell from dual;
Enter value for num: 346

NUM_TO_SPELL
----------------------three hundred forty-six

SQL> /
Enter value for num: 5023456

NUM_TO_SPELL
--------------------------------------------------------five million twenty-three thousand four hundred fifty-six

Enter value for num: -469

select to_char(to_date(-469, 'J'), 'jsp') num_to_spell from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01854: julian date must be between 1 and 5373484

SQL> select sysdate+to_dsinterval('007 12:00:00') "+7 1/2 days",

sysdate+to_dsinterval('030 00:00:00') "+30 days" from dual;

+7 1/2 days

+30 days

------------------ -----------------11-PEB-16 04:24:44 04-MAR-16 16:24:44

SQL> select to_number('234,89'), to_number(1E-3) from dual;

TO_NUMBER('234,89') TO_NUMBER(1E-3)
------------------- --------------234,89

,001

SQL>
SQL> select to_timestamp('30-sep-2007 08:51:23.456' , 'DD-MON-YYYY
HH24:MI:SS.FF') from dual;

TO_TIMESTAMP('30-SEP-200708:51:23.456','DD-MON-YYYYHH24:MI:SS.FF')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------30-09-2007 08.51.23,456000000

SQL> select to_timestamp_tz('30-SEP-2007 08:51:23.456' , 'DD-MON-YYYY

HH24:MI:SS .FF') ts_tz_example from dual;

TS_TZ_EXAMPLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------30-09-2007 08.51.23,456000000 +07:00

SQL> select sysdate, sysdate+to_yminterval('01-03') "+15 months",

sysdate+to_yminterval('00-03') "-3 months" from dual;

SYSDATE

+15 months

-3 months

------------------ ------------------ -----------------03-PEB-16 16:33:27 03-MEI-17 16:33:27 03-MEI-16 16:33:27

SQL> select sysdate, to_date('23-MAR-2007')+ to_yminterval('01-00') from dual;

SYSDATE

TO_DATE('23-MAR-20

------------------ -----------------03-PEB-16 16:41:40 23-MAR-08 00:00:00

SQL>

SQL> select unistr('\00a3') , unistr('\00f1'), unistr('ca\00f1on') from dual;

U U UNIST
- - ---- caon

SQL> select country_id, country_name , region_id,

2 decode ( region_id ,

1, 'Europe',

2, 'Americas',

3, 'Asia',

'Other') region

6 from countries
7 where
8

substr(country_id,1,1) = 'I' or

substr(country_id,2,1) = 'R'

9 /

CO COUNTRY_NAME

REGION_ID REGION

-- ---------------------------------------- ---------- -------AR Argentina

2 Americas

BR Brazil

2 Americas

FR France

1 Europe

IL Israel

4 Other

IN India

3 Asia

IT Italy

1 Europe

6 rows selected.

select country_id, country_name , region_id,

decode ( region_id ,

1, 'Europe',

2, 'Americas',
3, 'Asia'
) region
from countries
where

substr(country_id,1,1) = 'I' or
substr(country_id,2,1) = 'R'

/
CO COUNTRY_NAME

REGION_ID REGION

-- ---------------------------------------- ---------- -------AR Argentina

2 Americas

BR Brazil

2 Americas

FR France

1 Europe

IL Israel

IN India

3 Asia

IT Italy

1 Europe

SQL> select last_name , DUMP(last_name) DUMP_EX from employees where

last_name l
ike 'J%';

LAST_NAME

DUMP_EX

------------------------- ---------------------------------------Johnson
Jones

Typ=1 Len=7: 74,111,104,110,115,111,110

Typ=1 Len=5: 74,111,110,101,115

SQL> select last_name , DUMP(last_name, 1017,3,3) DUMP_EX from employees

where l
ast_name like 'J%';

LAST_NAME

DUMP_EX

------------------------- ---------------------------------------Johnson
Jones

Typ=1 Len=7 CharacterSet=AL32UTF8: h,n,s

Typ=1 Len=5 CharacterSet=AL32UTF8: n,e,s

SQL> select greatest('01-apr-08','30-dec-01','12-sep-09') from dual;

GREATEST(
--------30-dec-01

SQL> select greatest(345 ,'xyz',2354) from dual;

select greatest(345 ,'xyz',2354) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01722: invalid number

SQL> select greatest('xyz', 345 ,2354) from dual;

GRE
--xyz

SQL> SQL> select least(sysdate, '15-MAR-202', '17-JUN-202') oldest from dual;

OLDEST
-----------------15-MAR-02 00:00:00

SQL>

select last_name , salary,

greatest (least (salary*0.15 , 500), 400) bonus
from employees
where department_id in(30,10)
order by last_name
/
LAST_NAME

SALARY

BONUS

------------------------- ---------- ---------Baida

Colmenares
Himuro
Khoo
Raphaely
Tobias
Whalen

2900
2500
2600
3100
11000
2800
4400

435
400
400
465
500
420
500

7 rows selected.

SQL> select greatest(' Yes', 'Yes','Yes ') ,least (' Yes', 'Yes','Yes ') from dual;

GREA LEAS
---- ---Yes Yes

SQL> select department_id, last_name, salary from employees where

ora_hash(last_name||first_name,19,2) =0;

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME

SALARY

------------- ------------------------- ---------100 Greenberg

30 Himuro

2600

50 Nayer

3200

80 Banda

6200

80 Fox
?

12000

Grant
10 Whalen
110 Gietz

8 rows selected.

9600
7000
4400
8300

SQL> select department_id, last_name, salary from employees where

ora_hash(last_
name||first_name,19,2) =0;

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME

SALARY

------------- ------------------------- ---------100 Greenberg

30 Himuro

2600

50 Nayer

3200

80 Banda

6200

80 Fox
?

12000

Grant
10 Whalen
110 Gietz

9600
7000
4400
8300

8 rows selected.

SQL> select department_id, last_name, salary from employees where

ora_hash(last_
name||first_name,19,5) =0;

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME

SALARY

------------- ------------------------- ---------30 Tobias

SQL>
SQL>

2800

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select department_id, last_name, salary from employees where
ora_hash(last_
name||first_name,19) =0;

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME

SALARY

------------- ------------------------- ---------60 Austin

100 Greenberg
80 Vishney
?

Grant
50 Geoni

SQL>

4800
12000
10500
7000
2800