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Financial Statement Analysis Ratios

Chapter Ratio
Formula
Liquidity and Efficiency
Ch. 4
Current ratio
Current assets Current liabilities
Ch. 5

Acid-test ratio

Ch. 9

Accounts receivable
turnover
Inventory turnover
(times)
Days sales in inventory
(days)
Total asset turnover

Ch. 6
Ch. 6
Ch. 10

Solvency
Ch. 2
Debt ratio
Ch. 14
Ch. 11

Debt-to-equity ratio
Times interest earned
(times)

Profitability
Ch. 3
Profit margin ratio (%)

(Cash + Short-term investments +


Current receivables) Current
liabilities
Net sales Average accounts
receivable, net
Cost of goods sold Average
inventory

Efficiency of inventory
management

Efficiency of assets in
producing sales

Total liabilities Total assets

Creditor financing and


leverage
Debt versus equity financing
Protection in meeting
interest payments

Total liabilities Total equity


Income before interest expense and
income taxes Interest expense

Net income Net sales

Ch. 1

Return on assets (%)

(Net sales Cost of goods sold)


Net sales
Net income Average total assets

Ch. 16

Cash flow on total


assets (%)

Operating cash flows Average total


assets

Ch. 13

Basic earnings per share (Net income Preference dividends)


($)
Weighted-average ordinary shares
outstanding

Ch. 13

Efficiency of collection

Net sales Average total assets

Gross margin ratio (%)

Ch. 13

Short-term debt-paying
ability
Immediate short-term debtpaying ability

Ending inventory Cost of goods sold


365 days

Ch. 5

Market Prospects
Ch. 13
Price-earnings ratios

Measure of

Market price per ordinary share


Earnings per share
Book value per ordinary Shareholders equity applicable to
share ($)
ordinary shares No. of ordinary
shares outstanding
Dividend yield
Annual cash dividends per share
Market price per share

Net income in each sales


dollar
Gross margin in each sales
dollar
Overall profitability of
assets
Reflects actual cash flows
and is not affected by
accounting income
recognition and
measurement
Net income per ordinary
share

Market value relative to


earnings
Reflects the amount of
equity applicable to ordinary
shares on a per share basis
Cash return per ordinary
share

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