Bernhard Bettig

Mechanical Design Research Lab

Mechanical Engineering - Engineering Mechanics Dept.
Michigan Technological University
Web site: http://www.me.mtu.edu/~mdrl
1

with locations of
displacement
transducers shown

Turbine Shaft:

Generator Shaft

r1 = 13.5 in.

r1 = 13.5 in.

r2 = 17. 75 in.

r2 = 18. 06 in.

h = 5.5 in.

h = 5.69 in.

K xT = 1.9x10 9 lbf / in.

K xG = 1.8x10 9 lbf / in.

KT = 9.2x1010 in - lbf / rad

KG = 9. 0x1010 in - lbf / rad

1
1
1
=
+
K x K xT K xG

1
1
1
=
+
K KT KG

K x = 9. 2x108 lbf / in

K = 4. 5x1010 in - lbf / rad

 is the material density

t2 t1
b=
, a = t1 bR1
R2 R1

part

m (lb)

I (lb-ft2)

J (lb-ft2)

Exciter

5200

5800

11600

Thrust Bell

21,000

46,000

91,000

Generator Rotor

330,000

11,000,000

22,000,000

Turbine Blades

35,000

570,000

1,150,000

Runner Cone

2600

6000

12,000

Cxx (lbf/(ft/s))
Cxy (lbf/(ft/s))
Cyx (lbf/(ft/s))
Cyy (lbf/(ft/s))
Kxx (lbf/ft)
Kxy (lbf/ft)
Kyx (lbf/ft)
Kyy (lbf/ft)

Upper Generator

Lower Generator

Turbine Guide

Guide Bearing

Guide Bearing

Bearing

8.0 x 107
-1.6 x 105

9.3 x 107
-1.7 x 105

1.3 x 106
7.8 x 103

-1.6 x 105
8.3 x 107

-1.7 x 105
9.5 x 107

7.8 x 103
1.3 x 106

-1.0 x 106
-5.8 x 108

-1.0 x 106
-6.7 x 108

7.8 x 104
-9.7 x 106

6.0 x 108
1.5 x 106

6.9 x 108
1.7 x 106

9.5 x 106
2.6 x 104

An arbitrary 0.001 misalignment was input for the turbine

guide bearing Y direction, to achieve bearing pressures.

Parameter

Value

Rated Power
Line Voltage
Armature Reactance (xd)

34 MW (43.0 MVA at 0.79 pf)

11 kV

Armature Reactance (xq)

Armature Resistance (ra)

2.65 Ohms (71.3% of base)

0.01077 Ohms

Power Factor for Load Test

Rotor Diameter

1.0
20.5 ft

Rotor Gap Height

Number of Rotor Poles

52 in.
52

Number of Stator Slots

Carter Coefficient

432
1.0

Turns per Phase

Pole Pitch (r)
Slots per pole per phase (n)

432
96.3 % (or 173 electrical)
2.77

Slot Pitch (g
)
Winding factor (k)

6.02 % (or 21.7 electrical)

0.949

Average Air Gap

Rotor Center Offset

0.409 in.
0.00707 in. @ 135

Stator Center Offset

X: -0.0169 in.

4.39 Ohms (118% on 32.5 MVA base or

3.72 Ohm base)

Y: 0.0132 in.

Turbine Guide Bearing Probe (TGB)

Predom.
Freq.
(Hz)
Bump Test

Predom. filtered
Freq.
1xampl.
(x speed) (mil p-p)

Upper Generator Guide Bearing Probe (UGB)

filtered
1x phase
(deg)

(X) a 7.22
(Y) 6.90

Mech. Run
9 RPM

Predom.
Freq.
(Hz)

Predom.
Freq.
(x speed)

filtered
1x ampl.
(mil p-p)

filtered
1x phase
(deg)

(X) 2.34
(Y) 1.09

27
285

(X) 1.57
(Y) 1.48

59
308

(X) 7.53

.83

(X) 2.53
(Y) 1.94

226
131

.83

(X) 2.68
(Y) 2.23

208
127

1.68

2.1

2.2

2.8

105 RPM

(X)
(Y)

6.67
7.22

4.0
4.3

127 RPM

(X)
(Y)

9.31
9.59

4.4
4.5

134 RPM

(X)
(Y)
(Y)

8.56
8.47
31.8

3.8
3.8

166 RPM
(Y)
(Overspeed)

10
1.5
2.78

(X) 2.78
(Y) 2.69

193
104

14.2
3.6
0.54
1.0

10

Turbine Guide Bearing Probe (TGB)

Predom.
Freq.
(Hz)

Load Test
100 % gate
(29 MW)

Predom. filtered
Freq.
1xampl.
(x speed) (mil p-p)

Upper Generator Guide Bearing Probe (UGB)

filtered
1x phase
(deg)

Predom. Predom.
Freq.
Freq.
(Hz)
(x speed)

filtered
1x ampl.
(mil p-p)

filtered
1x phase
(deg)

2.3

(X) 5.89
(Y) 6.53

141
54

2.3

90 %
(28.5 MW)

2.3

(X) 5.44
(Y) 6.07

138
56

2.3

(X) 3.10
(Y) 2.49

47
309

80 %
(28 MW)

2.3

(X) 4.99
(Y) 5.47

139
58

2.3

(X) 3.17
(Y) 2.49

51
306

70 %
(25.4 MW)

2.3

(X) 4.42
(Y) 4.78

144
58

2.3

(X) 3.05
(Y) 2.47

51
310

60 %
(X&Y)2.3
(18.5 MW) (X)
.46
(Y)
.49

1
.20
.21

(X) 3.73
(Y) 3.70

143
52

2.3

(X) 2.87
(Y) 2.41

53
311

50 %
(9.3 MW)

(X&Y) 2.3
(X)
8.00
(Y)
8.42

1
3.5
3.7

(X) 2.68
(Y) 2.59

163
76

2.3

(X) 2.77
(Y) 2.23

55
313

40 %
(1 MW)

(X)
(Y)

3.8
3.9

(X) 3.35
(Y) 3.56

191
111

2.3

(X) 2.57
(Y) 2.24

55
315

8.79
8.93

11

Using the method

of influence
coefficients applied
using the rotor
model:

12

Since we know ai,j from the model, and we know ri,

we can calculate uj.

If i is greater than j, then the method of least

squares is employed.

13

Item

Imbalances
Exciter
Thrust Bell

Magnitude

Angle
(deg)

Diameter

Mass on circ.
(lb)

0
0

Generator

6660 lb-ft

346

20.5 ft

650

Runner

97 lb-ft

74

200 in.

12

Misalignments
Coupling
.00066 in.
(lateral)
Coupling
(angular)

.0043 deg.

341
219

14

System Nat. Freq. (Hz)

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0

50

100
Rotation Speed (rpm)

15

150

200

16

17

0.0035

0.003

0.003

TGB
X&Y

0.0025

UGB
X&Y

0.002

TGB Y
UGB X

0.001

TGB X
TGB Y
UGB X
UGB Y

0.001
UGB X
0
-0.001

UGB Y

0.0005

UGB

0.002

TGB X

0.0015

TGB

Markers show
actual readings
TGB Y

Imag. (in. p-p)

Response Amplitude (in. p-p)

0.004

0.004

-0.002

Markers show actual readings

UGB Y

TGB X

-0.003
0

50

100

150

200

250

-0.004

Rotation Speed (rpm)

-0.002

Real (in. p-p)

18

0.002

0.004

0.005

0.005
0.004

0.004

TGB
X&Y

0.0035

0.003
Imag. (in. p-p)

Response Amplitude (in. p-p)

0.0045

UGB
X&Y

0.003
0.0025

TGB X

0.002

TGB Y

0.0015

UGB X
UGB Y

0.001
0.0005

0.002

TGB Y

UGB X

0.001
0
UGB Y

-0.001
-0.002

Markers show actual readings

TGB X

-0.003
0

100

200

300

-0.006

Rotation Speed (rpm)

-0.004

-0.002

Real (in. p-p)

19

0.002

0.004

Imag. (in. p-p)

Resp. Amp. (in. p-p)

0.005

0.003
TGB

0.002

UGB

0.001
0
0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
-0.001
TGB X
-0.002
UGB Y
-0.003
-0.004
-0.007
-0.002

Misalignment Magnitude (in.)

TGB X

0.008

TGB Y

Y Offset
.010 in.

Imag. (in. p-p)

Resp. Amp. (in. p-p)

0.01

0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0

50

100

150

UGB X

0.003

0.008

Real (in. p-p)

TGB X&Y .001 in.

0.012

TGB Y

200

Rotation Speed (rpm)

0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002 TGB X
0
-0.002
-0.004
-0.006
-0.008
-0.01

.001 in.

TGB Y

.010 in.

-0.005

Real (in. p-p)

20

0.005

TGB

0.2

UGB

Natural Freq. (Hz)

Resp. Amp. (in. p-p)

0.25

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0.005

0.015

0.025

0.035

0.045

Bearing Radial Clearance (in.)

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.005

0.015

0.025

0.035

Bearing Radial Clearnace (in.)

21

0.045

0.007
TGB Y

0.006
0.004

0.005

TGB X

0.004

TGB Y
Actual

Imag. (in. p-p)

Response Amplitude (in. p-p)

0.006

UGB X
0.003

UGB Y
TGB X

0.002

0.002

-0.002
-0.004

UGB Y
-0.006

0
20

40

Model
TGB X

UGB X

UGB X

TGB Y

0.001

TGB X

-0.008

60

UGB Y

TGB Y
UGB X
UGB Y
-0.003
Real (in. p-p)

Power Output (MW)

22

0.002