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dGh HdG IQGRh

dG b

FGHG SOdG d
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U MCG
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G Y dGh IdGh ,dG Q d G

..d MQ
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Y jJh dGh G ,AGdGh AGdG a
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a e s od rngs CGh JH HJ MCG dG CG @

dP J fEG H ,Wh au jo h dG
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.k L
fdG a ,INBGh fdG a , Y dG VQ ICGG g
e , () LCG dG d LhR fc
Y SdG J M fH ba ,IYdH VdG AY
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gh dGh G e h ,jW VYG dG
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``````c IC``````f
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t UCG
n pe `` nd ``eh ,`` n p n dG `` ndp r en r Yn pn r ndG pe pHr o pH o p r oJ
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t p pr dpH gDo nr nJh ,mjr n No
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n n u nW ,pun dG n n
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n sen pHo r pe m pcn pa o Ln oJ psdG ,pu sdG pndG
u n pe pH
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u H ,mjr n bo r Hn gHo nCG l p jr n No Rn er Gh
ndr Mn h ,pfho pH Qo eoCG r
n oJ h ,pp or G pa jo rCGQn o Nn Dr jo
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o p nJh o pfoJ ,on jpn dG oIn pndG oJn Sr oCG
.Yh FHBG Ne e AG j e G (2)
.IG (1)
. dH hNj Gfch ,dG OGaCG OY Ic (3)

mn Mr Qn h ,ppcGh
n Ap Gn o dG n Y m jp Tn m rn pH Y n c
p
.
n Lp n r oGh Ap nn dp
t H mn SGh
p dG ,p js p s dG p
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n p n dG Qp Gs dG p gn a
p ,mp jr n No o r pH o n jpNn
n c ,on r u dG (1)go p r oJ ,kFn Op g k n VGQ
o n r nJ psdG n n r u dG p gn snCpH s Mn nCG r Hn .pSs dG n pe n pdG o p r oJ
p rdH
t n Hn jo CGn p n r jn ,pGRs s dG psdG n pe Al Yn n pg sfEGp ,pa
.n n eh gn hn r n pd

o n r jn e n Lp n r o dG pIn Yn n eo h
n pehr nG pr Yn pa n Ln hh
n
.mn Mr EG pa k Lp GQ r n s Nn h ,Lk r eo Os Qn na ,prdG
t n pdn pH
r pe dEG Qn n n rfG s Y ,pn u sdG pndG
u n rpJ pa r o nJ ndh
pnH o b
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p e Gk c a g
s Sh
n ,d t Mo OGa ,pJU
n inCGQ bh
,(2)o s s dG gDhcPh ,o u dG
o fh ,o dG o r b a
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r J o r Mo h ,o jdG ocGQOEGh ,jdG o
n p Yh
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.gJ (1)

J e u pd s s dG Mn n pJQr G nd in Hr nCGh ,Vu dG pb e gGQn Ca

. J eh
n s Np h ,Wp f n Lo ho m gH n Hn Jh ,pQGdG a nn L GnPEp a
k en pHG Hr G ,pfoCGh pdG e (1) o op J eh ,JcMn
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n ou j gh ,k n Yn sc ujo n Lh ,kn pfM k VGQ
n rMo rn bnCG eh !`` n dG ngn j jp sdG n p dhCG n n rXnCG e `
!? (2) pgOp rCGhn Y Iu dG o dG pJ pr oJ
n ch !nYn
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n
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n Gng k n e
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s ojG n pdPn e n Wh ,n W d
(3)
o p r jo K ,pQeoCG n pe m er nCG a ndEGp pt s dH t o jn mIs en ch
pa n pJjo CG e o n r jn ,o jdG gDho a ,njG o u n jo h
. (3)

kAMCG aO (2)

.J (1)

,Am en h m U
n s c Hn H nbo jn jp sdG ,p dG p dhCG prCT
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n Yn bh
p
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n M
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t ,pGQGh
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n G
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p ` pHr nJh p`r ` n dG `o ` T EG an `n rfGh ,`` dEGp p `n r nJ nd
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n f o nnr J n ,pQ`` eoCG
l N a ,pGhRnCG n r Nn d Qo S n p nG gHCG CG pe k n pKGh
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n e n T ipn j e
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n
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.M (2)

.LGhR hjj (1)

 ,(2) AYr nCG o p r jn h (1) pps dG Qu jo h Qn eCG op jn r en ,n pbdG

gn pcGe o un jo h ,pLu dG Qp GbCG e to jn e EG o r sdG o an r jn
e lIQn U
o p Ss dH p Lo s dG n bn Yn CG d n cs CG e Gk ch ,nddG
m M u c pa k pFGOn g ,o dG
s o u sdG o da ,r Hn p gCH pbn Y
.Am GSn Y
e ,pnr dG AGn co e mYH Qo GdG Mn On Rr G ,Am en n GPh
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,gQhOo EG Gea ,o sdG
n
n n rfG s M ,go h go H Gon n rfGh
o Z o jpNh ,mGOhn n MCG l jN Yn Os h en H Gan rfGh
n hCs G h ,gp pd h nd mIQn jR n hCs G p g n r nan ,in nJ
n ms n r eo
nhc mjN H bpQa ,s n n jn h ojG a j mIen
p en h
.np n eo go U
k bhn H n
s rfG sh
n bh ,pJMo EG l jN n gP ,o r nG n
,oKOp oJh ,u U
n nCG p H nIn pFGR n H n Wa n LhR oOjo ,kj nW
,pJQr G o GQeCGh Vu dG o eY nY n H bh Ln N K
.dG H j (2)

.dG Qj (1)

hr jn ,on Wp a o Ln hr Rn pfH nLh ,Ap n p dG pa l jN nn Lh

.Vu dGh QhdG nY
nbn hh ,Am pSG
r nY p r nJ r An a ,njN n Hr G YO K
p
r p G Ao V
r o p n r jn ,Lr dG
n n n pdrCn e ,GndG n Yn Qp a en eCG
oes nCj gh ,mLn Y kLn o jna ,pLr hn Y iQu t dG
p
:kpFbp SoH d Pp nCG en n H sEG
h ,k SH
r
.ojNn j ipo br G `
,a n jpdG
s pjCGQ
n p YCG rnCG Ot hn nCGh ,menCG a pdEG os nCS
n jpp nJ Qm p Yr G iu nC kfRr hn p p oJ h ,ip u ah , p n S
r a
.kpaGeo
Y ah ,pjpn G n jpN pLr hn a n s dG l p jr N
n n WnCG
: Mn a n b K ,pSdG gprKh (1) jr h
n r s dG
?p dG
s pnpanpd fOr n Yr nCG a o jN j pjo rCGQn en `
mSnCG Y nc
n ,mjpYn me
n Hr pH n GDn dG
t IdG ps nn a
:(2) x Ln mOCG a ndb K ,o r G Qt t dG sfCn c mUU
r en
n
.c (2)

10

.SGdG (1)

U
n hr nCG e r n Mn ,sdG An Tn rEGp l pHGQ lIQh ,ln as n eo l npab `
,Gk jpT kbEG Op pdG n J a o p nJ mn rSp u c e ,go fDhn Yo pH
.mJ n N n uofh ,Om GYEG n MCG s Yp oCGh
:nn T a Yk un JG Oo GOn r nJ o en n pHr Gh ,jNo b
jp sdG p dhoCG , pds Yo h `` n pdLQ a o jN j jo rCGQ eh `
? pnpadG a on r n S
: In Gp peen
o r Hn Lhn a n H bh ,oIndG db
,ocj eh hNo rCjn e oap jn ,Ho Qs n eo ho pge sfEG `
nn r jo e o N o nfeCGh ,np r eo Ao eoCG pIQn nG J n e gh
go h a
o s
n n jn ,o GeCG pr ndEG nroJh ,ipn r jn h o jn r n a
.pHUC
r G Y l H
a bh dEG n dG OYCG K ,k SH n Wa eCG EG n a
:mapQ
a r en h ?n dG n e Qp p n er nCG a o jN j pjo CGQ eh `
?ppadG
n Hu dG Y gQo n bCG pf
: mOCG a dnCS K ,kp b n sa
11

?n GnG n Hu dGp nCG n nG n Hr u dG ?o Hn CG j pr nJm Hr Qp is CG `

:kFb l jNo QS
rEGp ,o ho j o GG o Hu da !ojN j k r nW n dG n HdG `
un jo r H ,pHQn e n n r jn dh ,iNoCG ndj na kIs e o Mp U ndnf
gh ,kpbH e p jo h op r jn ,k L o u jo e Y o sdG
.pnG Hu dG e GSp nLr Qp a o No Cjn r H ,n Mr h o gn r jn
p Hu dGh ,pnG Ap GdGh
u p n dG a pIn n nG p Y podnCSCG sfEGh
,
n bOp dG
s u sdG ndEG Jh
n n pH n r jn idG ,pu sdG p G
..pGp Ghp dG a Yn jn h ,Yn r jn h ot jn r e
,d
u H Gho TG
r jp sdG Q dG pe
k r Hn t o nJ n NC a
nnfh ,r n n U
n M gOn Gn SG
r r n nSn sch ,pnfeCH GapYo h
!?o r Hn GPa es oCG j o Yr CG en o N Ap Do g :H o J eu oCG EG
!!?Ap Dgp Zh Ap Dg u Yn e o p n nf GPeh
:kau n n eo n a ,Y a et CG r nCGb e gHCG nCGb r bh
?HY H Y a jN j jCGQ eh `
:mgO a k pFS en c n Hn J K ,k n nSn
12

p g JQ n eCG o n uon J CG jJCG ,HCG j Y dCJ n pd `

!?pnpandG a nIs G
:mn M a n b K dEG l jNo n a
Ot hn nCG !pG e nZnCGh ,pIQn dG e n nYr nCG Gk er nCG o n uSn oCG rnCG Ohn nCG `
!ucp VQCG Rp H Qo s n oJ ,kIn c k nfen nCG n uSn oCG rCG
s n Mr a ,JQn h
n eo e ,gHCG dEG per jn e jN ncQOr nCa
.o p oJ h os n n nJ ,kn peU r bn WCGh ,kn Nn o Lr h
:mnpeBG n r Hn a k pFb et CG r b ,l jW lS On Sh
..?Y a jN j jo rCGQn e `
e p H u n r nJ h ipua :pd bh ,njs u oG HnCG pd n n rWnCG
pr p Y bh ,Qu n jo h jn CGQ o p n r jn gh ,pirCGs dG e kpaGeo n jpnJ
n Wp G nj CG Lr jn sfCGh ,pnY m Y p Vr Yn e On GQn CG e
.mpKrCnJ nhOo Qo Jh ,f
o Y V
n r nJ ,n pFsdG
e k jW k bp reo s Xh ,GQk G Mr G n jN Lhn OGOR a
,s J CG dhn Mh , p Yn T
n GWCG n n Ln K ,p br dG
dEG G o j et CGh gHCGh , p an a o dG ps n a
p
.n GG Gn p r jn h ,n SH
13

Oo GOj Lhh , p r U
n a gh ,l jW lIn r an eh
n

n GWCG n Ln , n Y GDn dG gHCG On YCG s a ,GQk G Mr G

:Ao n G (1) o pgr n jo mr U
n a db K ,iNCG kIs e YT
!?m irCGQn e pHnCGp irCGQn n H r gh `
n nr bo h ,ppLn Y k n pfM k nr bo n n nWh ,e gHnCG gfOr nCa
.js N nY
Sh
n dG o h padG d t J oISr oCG n Nn CG
Qo GO nCn er Gh padG o j An Lh ,pIn jG pJM a Lo
pjndH mjr N
,mhr en pHn oIn r pf An Lh ,Mp dGh
s
n
mSn nCG oIf An Lh ,l Y nHn psdG n pddG jGn dG n rp r jn
.jGn dG nK e nr s Ln
C IOdG j J HG EG CG Lh
pn p ofh ,LhdG H hJ GhdG CG Jh ,jG H
,jN
n pH a t n o Sn psdG (2) p pFrn pd o en r n Yp Oo h ,o pFHsdG
. e N cM cj (1)
.Z hCG SdG W gh ,dh L (2)

14

p pn Nn nCGh ,o bs dG Ao p dG p dG e nn rfGh
s ju n oJ o TG
.dL Y kn Ln nfOr p jn h ,Sh
n n dG
mcn M a tc o e r n
n b ,pp s dG n pbQn k jpHn o dG c
oGp dG n p o an Ao nG n bCG s M ,ndEGp h jN
n pH e ,(1)mn pFGO
pn n nrfGh ,
n Yp GO n jpcT n ndM SdG
o
n W K ,pdG ppfH
o p r oJ ,ne ppfGLn a (2) o h
n n nJ ,mp jr n No pH r pe o jpQZs dG
.n MCGh n gCG
,pen CG nIn c ,pIn jG pInG n GHCG o jN IdG nNOh
p n pH pIjdG
u Mo h ,
s pn pK e s p d ,(3) o dG nIjT
t p oJ fc ,pgdG p n r n r eo Y SdG pjMh ,nd n Lp hr Rn
,NGH p r oJ sfnCpH o b oKu n jo ,jCG e mjT mr n pH
.podGp sY o r nZ o nr nj kT

.OO`````J (2)

.Ie (1)
.aCG EG dG (3)

15

dG Gg QK e

gCG GMGh H jRdG bdG HdG IdG

.fGLh
a jCGH NDjh QJ gG a HdG ICGG fc
H Yj c d iCGQ e J h ,QeCG e c
.VG
H dG Y dG J fc gG SCG H
a M aO :iCG dG OCGh EG H eCG Uh
.GdG
Y Jh JH J fc bdG G SCG
.NCG Qeh dG
c ,LGhR Y jCGH NCjh HG j c CG
d J M LGhR b HG f J CG fc
.H a IOdG

16

```````bG
:hCG GDdG

jN H jN Cf ,SGdG jdG QGdG g a{

H ,SdG e dG J c ,dG gJ ,fg VGQ
dG e AY g EG ,a dG dG g CH MCG
a Lhh ,eh gh dH Hj CG j GRdG
.zdG dH j e LG IYeh ehG Y
:j a SdG H dG HLEG NG ( G )
(dG ` IdG ` G) :ge zjdG{
(f ` gJ ` MJ) :zgJ{ e
( ` e ` dW) :zLGQ{ e
f LGH ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG MCG ()
?a GPa .G dG
a ``G ` Y dG VQ ` ``jN I`` dG H`V (`L)
H ` `J ` dG `` fCG dG `` `dG a `` `dG `` `M
.dP ``Vh .`` Y
17

:SG dH j Ga c CeG :fdG GDdG

......... Y j dG e SCG H jN QGO b ( G )

.IdG ......... h dG
GRdG e ...... dG f iJ jN IdG fc ()
. ....LJh J
d X dG ....... a ij c jN IdG dGh (`L)
e a C ;dP j e b ......... Y dOh
.jN
fch ...... eCG a jCGQ NCj jN IdG dGh c ( O )
.LhdG H ....... GhdG CG Jh J eCG
() eYh GdG eCG () eY V :ddG GDdG
:j a CG eCG

(
(
(

H a ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG Cf ( G )
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)
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)
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.jCGQ NCG hO
)
18

` jN IdG LhJ hR hCG HY H Y ( O )

. ` Y dG VQ
)
:HGdG GDdG

M bCG eh !dG gj jdG dhCG XCG e{

.z?gOCGh Y IG dG J J ch !Y
?dG Gg j Yh ?HdG IQdG Fb e ( G )
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(AMCG aO ` s go ` dgEG) :e zdG OCGh{
?zdG OCGh{ e SEG be Y J GPe (`L)
:eG GDdG

: ` ``Jh f``S ` `dG `` j

|
}
dG BGdG J fGSCGh BG SG GSH ( G )
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J e a c dG OCGH b e e Vh ()
.HdG jBG
19

IQ````````eh ..````Y
:opgdG o pbdG oICGG o n r nJ e Ln hr Rn o jN n en
pa n Ln an ,nd n b n ah ,s Th ,en Mr Gh ,r Yn WnCG
dG IOn n dG
s a n Ln h kfMn h ,dEG n nJQr Gh pH n pfnCG k rYn
e r n en e rpe prb e n eh ,dEG nCn Wa ,gLr jn
.QeoCG e ppH ojn a JQn n pSH
r Y n r jn h ,pb
nHpQ r n sKhn mIOn d ,kH QGs dG pOGna ,dG n
n rfGh
nIc fnc Pr EG ,H pHCGn o tn nJ s n TGh ,Ln hs dG
n H ps nG
p ,njN eu oCH n dG
nIn jpn eo ,pr dG
s n jp nW ,r n r n dG n n SGh
s
m gH o u n oJ ,pG ns dG nIn paf ,pIQdG
t n p Ln ,pLr dG
n
.jdGh n b t o jn
a n n cn nb ,Qn n n dG snCG pnr jn ,GdG pLhs dG p ojn nh
p n r jn a ,kp bn GQk So p Ghs dG Gpd An dG n r U
o dG p
n
p Mk r Lo n jN pb a kcQp J ,l pYn e s M pfsdG
,k SGh
p s dG n hr s dG pa n n an r n an ,n pdH kIr Mn p r nf ah
,s V
20

,kn r V
n kIhn r nK n Hr h nd n nJ b nc EGh ,s padG
n
n p r oG
p p dGh
pIQn n u dGh p G e
Y o jN nfp Mn h ..pn SGdG
u
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r
sEG d s gn o jNh dGh Qo dGh o jCG eh
n H de rds J dG pJQ pIQGOEGh pHH gG
pW Y oKu j ek j gHCG Y n NOh ,Y LhR
p pIah
.e n GhdG u dG IQGQR H Ts s dG
HG pHH pjd
n f r gh dG oI dG ps
d Oo j n NCG gHCG s dh ,dH gHCG r NCGh ,H p gGh
Gk NCG r aGh M T
o s s dG H o j dG n dG pdG
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,nIHu n oG pbdG n s padG
n n Ln hr s dG ,njpNn a T
o s s dG n Lhn
.o b e n b l Y n e c n b n en h , nd n NC a
v Mo r ndOn na ,pgCH Qs dG n dG
n p rG n hs dG a n Lhh
.mUNEH UNE
k Gh ,x opH
21

p ,pG n pcn
n SGh
k c ,ek Grpe ,kpbY o hs dG Gg ch
:kpYn pQoJ fc n c ,(1) pjdG
s jCGH r cn Qn a ,pIQu dG
n Hn s XCGh , jrCG pH n n br Gh gQn hn Th , n Y Qn TnCG
jnsdG ,pr n pgo G npbdG Ln hs dG n r Hn t p oJ dG ,oIOdG
s
.n GpMr Gh s n nG On n j
a p n ndG n pe ap n Ln hn e ,Gk jpr Jh nd v Mo gOn GRh
s n en pb e sMnCGh ,s MCG r n a ,pn pn dG pn Hr G pnen eo
,ou n jo h ,p pcn Y op r jn h ,oMp jo h ,o Yp jo ,Ap Hr CG
go jpnJh Mo p oJ nd mjs H sEG Oo j h ,pJZQn u njo h
e l c o jn nd M ,nd Gk jpr nJ n jN o jpnJh ,H ktn nJ
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o p jn p Ss dG
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p G r s n TG

n H ps G n rpJ (3) o UGhC

r s M ,o dG p nr jn h
Ghs dG hprjo h ,o n n dG Gr jn idG ,pnddG
n pHppH Ln hr s dG
.HGhQ (3)

22

.dG ,FdG (1)

.j (2)

kCG pfen r Mp a hp jh ,bRn r jo GPEG dEG nt p jn h ,p LCG pe

.Yk Pp
nY o jpNn n as nn Jh ,o nd m r Yn nIs bo o o Hr G zondg{ n UCa
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r en r n nZh ,n pn Hr G n en pjYpQ
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23

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24

.H hdG Ga (1)
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e G
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25

.j (1)
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26

.O``````c (1)

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27

,pQfCG Y r Hn Z s M p n r nJ gh npadG EG o J nbn hn

Y pfpH In n r en h .p p Hn Y l ,dG
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n Qr nCG nr jn l n V

28

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29

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30

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31

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32

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S
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r
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s n jn CGh ,pn So dG g p rpe a l N ndjn
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n M pMp s dG odG
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n n c GnPEGp s M
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r
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33

,l Ma jQp GLh ,S
o s dG t p n r jn c t p J o jp Nn h
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k Hn H
o ou jo
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r ,njN IdG Qp GO EG oIn n r en h l Qn Sh
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r c
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n H pMn n
n a ,o n pbhp ndG
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n Mn
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p oIn n r en n SnCa
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34

p f r nnf r
,pnpadG n e n dG
t o No r nfh ,(1) in
r Ho pn jpen EG o n
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t
s M ,pdG a (3) kbr Mp h kIQn en pJn u Sn j l n XCG r bn h
p b mbhn pa YpH r pe n rZn a
h ojn n pdr Mn e Qo s dGh ,mn
n NCGh ,pH e pn r jn CG
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p f
!?n n
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p H o r pH nr dh
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:mgr Rn a kpFb oIe n LCa
! pJu S j meo o cn n Hn `
.YGH (3)

.o M (2)

35

.dH Ve (1)

p No r jn a ,pr n dG a n e nc c ,Ap GdG

u a e o sdG nc
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t
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o
r j na
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: mjT mn Y a o r Hn n b M ,
k Np Qn
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n pdn c o r n sJGp n an ,pdUh
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36

,mpanr J e l a n f eh ,Ap GdGh

u p r n dG Y po rKs M
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s
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nc `
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s
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37

nIn pd ndbh ,gp J e o jN I dG n n rfG oK

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n GnPeh :kSH
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r
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a n nf n An GOr Ln An Gr U fOn pH Nn
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r bh
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n n
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38

h ,n jpNn pIdG rbn a s n eo Y nIn n r en o ncn s n n SG

r
Y Sh JCGQ eH Y e JQU OJ CG J
p
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n
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39

.LdG M (1)
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40

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41

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n Hn Qn n Nr Gh

42

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43

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(af HG
(IOdG ` MGdG ` dG) :ge jEG
ek Z ` QdG e Gk LJ ` kjU) :oIn r en c
(jN Id
.MdG g a KM dG GMCG gCG cPG ()
45

:HGdG GDdG

M eCG hCG GhdG Ia aQ GP ( G )

?f VY
?GhdH bEG f YSG c ()

46

```````G ``````HdG
Hn s n SG c ,pp dG
s p dGp rpS
r n jN Qo GO s n n SG
p pHn n eCG ,ppHp pFsdG p n rnH Gho n rn pd ,eo nr b mSn nCG
p bm Tg
.n n Mr nCGh n U
r nCG e w c YOn h ,m
Qp GO a m Tg Hn h mSCG Hn c ,pdG Gng Ap en ah
p o o dG oGdCG H s eo ,mSGh
p Am pa pa p r jn ,n j N
,prdG
s o p nGp rs dG o jpn dG o pFSdG
n nY ,pn pddG pG
p Ao Q Y Gtdhn ,nnn cQr n oG pGAn n dG Ghn nJQr G b
pFdG Sh
,pu dG iphPn poG (1) Qp bhn a No To GHn h ,nIn dG
,mpJr nJh (2) mnfGRQn a oKs jh ,m n r Mp h Qm n pH no s n n jn
Op o dG oNOo e op n r jn ,p
s p dGh pgn s dG (3) o peen en enCG
.(4) pr p Gh p n r n dGh
n fh ,prn Lp a mdW HCG in n SG
r ,pp G o r Yp n n n cr G s na
:QhSo a b K ,mQbhn ap nr dG EG
.`````````Ne (3)

.```````K (2) , (1)

.H j dG e GfCG (4)

47

,n Yp Sr EGp p Qr Rn h ,n pgGHr EG pjs Qu Po r pe n Ln ip sdG psd o G{

u npH n roG fJBGh ,ppeBG pen Mn (1)pnfn Sh
n ,pGG ppr Hn p nnMn
..pp n or Gp jp sdG ndEGp fGgn h pr dGh
u pnfenCGh
l n rZQn d ,psdG pY o H o Np nCG o Hr G Gng ! m jr n bo n n r en j
a vbo n c rEGp hn go h ,dP o rpe a dh ,mjN
n pH n jpN pa
l oRn jo eh ,lIOs n n r eo l n jOp hh
n ,(2) l pFM l er nCG n G sEa ,pG
.z..kr Yn h kan Tn pH n Ln Qn sEGm Lo n pH
p r eo o Gh
p paGeo Sh
n Ao Q ht o jn ,pec EG o
pn pr s dpH o p r nJ ofYo h ,
p H m EG h o jn , n Y
n p S
m nanr f o Hr o bn Qn hn n n n Yr a ,n n rNo mdW HCG s nJnCG s M ,p
n pdG
IOY J b kbY k M ch ` jN IdG Y HG
k preo ,Mk Op e ,mSn nCG pHn ppH pn roG p g nY Os Qn h ` UCG
p m nY
nYr nCGh ,njN t Y mSn nCG o Hr ho r Yn n n n Yr G K ,pJUh
m` jN
n n H n ``jN psdG pY n H n ` n hs Rn sfCG ,mQhSo a
.Np nCG n Hr G
.FGR AT (2)

48

.`````````````N (1)

EG gDho fh n e o LQ
n n fG ,o n dGh
s o r n dG n fG sh
,lpd ppH o u n jo e pn rWnCpH n jNh m Y Ks j ,pJHo
p dGp n n dGh , pg dG
, SG
s p r nGp Yh , b H jh
Qn hdG
t
t o n jh sc n r nG
t onj c ip sdG ,pedG Qp hdGh
.k p Ln
c nJM Qo Gs dG pn nfrCSGh ,njN Qp GO EG l nn rfG K
n Hu n jo h ,JQn pJ a n jN
n p o pd t p n j l nCGHh ,nfc
.pde n eCG n e
,pIQn dG pehp G n pe n cCG mndSpn pd n p No o sfnCH ,s Mn CG s d
n p n n rpd jOu Dn jo ,mc Qm hr n pd t n jo sfnCG ,Mp hr Qo Ap U
n e (1) r nn fBGh
.gn Mhm jn o d h ,pdeh n jpn pd
n Ln M (2) u no pd ,pRG EG
l pgf gh
n ,mj n GP n UCa
r n r Yn a n s dG pndWCGh ,pLh EG n fh ,Ap n o dG p r Hn
p r ndb K ,n SGdG
p
:kn SH
!? k n pFf o GJ n tc o eh ,o j n jr nCG ndEGp `
.d (2)

49

.aYh Lh (1)

,An dG Lp oJ ,Gk pgS p dG e Gk c (1) Gk rTn n r n

n b
,pdLn h pn nY a o uJh ,psdG n U
o o es Cn J ,pt dG a o Jh
!?mjb oIOn S
n jn s M n Mr n n SG
r p n an
p p p s dG e s Ho ,ojN jp dGh ps dG e s Ho `
,u Gh
!o par s dG psdG nYh n r jn CG Ap r nG nY
p l eHG r nT nYh ,ndb
:lSGh
pe psdG pr n H o fh .Qar en o a ,u Yn n Hj (2) n r nYn n `
!k Zp p Shr nCGh ,kIhn r nKp Ss dGp cCG
in Ou Dn jo CG s Ho n .n dG o jpQoCG sfEGp h ,ojN j n G o jpQoCG n `
CG s Ho n .nd Gk s n eo o G c rEGp h ,kjpTn kn Yn pIG a Ao G
pH o sdG s en psdG n s dG
u n p r jo CG s Ho n .v pnZ nc rEGp h n r jn
pa gQn pr jo h ,pn r n d gjEG Ht Qn p r jo nan ,d np No pa nY
.j
.GkAL (1)
.J (2)

50

o n r jo e V
o u n oJ mIOn jn Rp e s Ho a ,ojN j n go c nr jn n o Gh
.pp r p Ghp dG t Mn e nr jo ,mjLn mrn en pe s Ho h ,e
o sdG nHn Qn jdG ,Ap ndG
t n p dhoCGp LCG e n nf nCG nY l r Mn
.Ap jpbr nCH nJn M
:Lp a o jN db
o s o dGh o n nGh ,n fCG o op J EGp h ,o j pn pH n n r nJ r nd `
Sh
r ,(1) pJQn TEG o gr Qn t odGh ,in J c l c gh ,hou n jo
n pe n e pa n na ,pIp n dG psdG Op pH EG pIQn u dH n o r nZ o p jn
.!p Mp s d k br hn o n jn ep n n dG
p l ndnCa
:k SH
!?u n dG n n Hr j
n pr nJm n Yn is CG `
:mMn hm raQp a dnb
a pSj
n u dG oen h ,pJQn en h pjrCGQn EGp s nn nJ tc o e `
n No rCn pd ,(2) n nd o rp o Sn n e o LQh ,n nd r Yn GQPp o n r jn h ,n jOp jo
.d n p No ip sdG nG n pdPn
.gdG Oa ,NCG e iOu D j M ,e NCG e e dG Y Vj e :gs dGh .eC HJ (1)
.IQGdG e J M d Sj (2)

51

p hs nCG a rdRp na ,r jn oGhnCG nc rEGh ,u n dG n Hr j o uaoCSn `

.ojN jp jp sdG
t n jh ,k pGOGOj pLn hr s dGh ,k Fn Op g o jCG Qn Sh
.ppMp pH e x c o tn nJ
G n U
r nCGh , n r Hn kf e m n e o LQ n ar CG r bh
ppMp h ,pFcn H k n pK ,Gk p r nJ gQp eCG u Tn nCG a nfhp n r jn
.pJfeCG n On r n r eo h gpQGSr nCG n Wp r en nfn r jn h ,pnf pr Ho h
men o ren EG Geo b GPEGp h ,r Yn On p dG p er nCd GnL GPEGp
s Mn nCG ,Ap SDhn t dG pSh
n a le d nn rfG sch ,jo rCGQn r o jn
nj M ,e o an Qr CGn le d n rn jo CG s n nJh ,Is p dpH o jN
.uc n e n u S
p s co r U
An h o dG d n au n oJ rCG Y ,pUr G
n n Mn bh
Y onr jn e n p or J h ,pQeCo G p FnpH nnnr J h ,nn p dGh
s
(1) p
n UGhnCG t o jn ,mndpn H n r Hn e o jCG n uKon J CG s n J ,pFn dG
.````HGhQ (1)

52

p r Nn Y o J js CGh ,pG p g npHGhQ ijh

u ,pn rdoCG p g
.pdn sdGhp js CG e ps p eo pLhr Rn o jpjo e
nch ,r s n nJ e o sdG n s M ,pLGhRn Y o dG n
n rfG na
p
a nLQ o u n jo h ,Mp pH Qn Gs dG oCr jn pr en a zo SdG{
p pa
Mk n a m n b oCr n a ,GQk jn h k n Y o jpjo h ,TG
n jN rb oCr jn h ,o dG Y Up
o r nJ ip sdG ,csdG (1) pp n dH
s Sh
n ,m
n Hh n H Hn Q ip sdG ,ppnG pHu dG GpH (2) k nr Zp
.oJOn Sh oJOn S H cGh n b
p HnCG{ Gk iOp oJ o jN IdG nZh
o n rn an zp SdG
o n rn a ,H nfhOo j Ss dG n UCG n c ,pIjG (3) pn r odG p pd
.nd
,pns dG n r Y k n jN pPo oCG a o odG p g Qn Uh
,pH Ln hr Rn nYo r jn S
n s dG pp Sn sc ,Id o b s n jn
p a
.pUNr EG n pdPn h ,ps G p pd ndhoCG oIn n sdGh ,o o Hr G o Sdn
.`````Ma (2)
.`````ddG (1)
.Wa hCG MCG SGh ,G CGh M HCG a ,CG hCG CH CGH e (3)

53

Ss dG
o prdG On GRh ,kn nYn n e a l On GR l j s e sch
m irCGQn hCG ,to jn mnp r eo e l j r jn r njn h ,d go jpr nJh ,pH
.(2)jpr jo (1)mjpSn
m jb AGn co e pdG n e ,(3) pIhn r s dG Qp GO a o p r jn
p rnG EG o p jn h ,Qn nbdG
n o p n rjn h ,n r dG
s prjo s d ,pJOn Sh
h ,Gk MCG o pen jo ,n Wp dG o o r jn h s nG o
o r jn h ,pd sdG nY
a Sn sEG ,len o ren V
o r J h ,k Mp U h k jpb pHjo
.Y SdG
n s Th
n p p r nJ
p ppdr en Y l Y p nr jn h
a zo n jr Rn { fc s M ,pSdG
H dEG o Jh ,Zp oJh , jr Hn nC p n r nJ gp r en
m n nrfCG sfC ,lIQhe o jNh ,n jpn dG nJn p dG
s
.n r pdG d n n rfnCGh n nddG
n
p s d
,(4) pH s ndnCG V
k n en r jn ,mj n GP TG
n p dG n p nd n SdG
,o p jo ,ppfH l h ,V
o u n oJ o jN IdG Yn n Sr nCa
.ej (2)
.H f (4)

54

.``FU (1)
.dG iOf (3)

h ,Ao GdG Y t n j ip sdG p dG

s Gn` g EG `k jM o jh
.Ao Ghs dG n en (1) ipjo
,Ap dG
s EG o J ,Op GDn o dG oIn pFW ,lIn pFM o jN IdGh
CG o J h ,en eCG (2) iphr jn ip sdG p p dG
s Gg a o Jh
tc odeh ,pjn n u dG EG o p r jo gh
n ndEGp o or nJ ,a g
s o n p r oJ
.H n n nf e Ou Qn Y l LY pJrcn Y
ndn Hh ,Ap s Wp nCG Ih ,o n r jo eh ,o cn Dr jo nKn SG
r
p p r jn r n pd
.pG pe o jpjo e n SdG
psdG pIn dGp o
r cn iphr jn gh ,gp p U
n EG n f sch
t n r jn K ,o p n r jn b On c ,t G H s n TGh
r ,Ao G r Y pn Mo
Y kp r eo ,k jM Gn a ,Lp hr Rn EG o oJ
n Mp Sn nCG H
pns n nJ fCG d Ot n nJ , e o n r nJ dG p j u dG ep p dG
s
Gn g u n oJh oo r nJ kIn p r eo sCG hCG , nfhOo gn Mhn n en r dG
s
.pG pden e n dG
.```Hj (2)

55

.````j (1)

pr jo na ,mIQob u c n a nJQn r bo h ,mjn u c n a psdG An b s p d

s K n Y n n ah ,S
o fCG n Mn nJh ,Al GhOn p S dGp Y a
..pFQp H ndEG n hdG nSr nCGh ,o n nrZCG
scJh ,VQC
o G pH QGOn h ,r n
r pf n jN o b n nn rfna
o rbn h ,r n r Yn a Yn eOo n n Mn h ,n sn n n pd n sn n an ,Ln hR
n pgh ndbh ,gYn r n en n a ,pen r nJ n Y nCGQ s p d .o p n r jn
:mTEr G pa dEG o J
mr o pH rp Hn e !o sdG n
n b pd Os GQn h ,o j psdG Ao nb `
p Os o nf CG jpjr nCG pa nc r gn h ,me h
Ht Q Qn n Nr G bh ,n SdG
!?pQGL EG
YOn hr nCGh ,n Mh ,pn cn a sdh ,n dG ns Zh eb K
V
n u n jo CG Hu Qn EG o Ss n n nJ o jNh ,r n dG EG GOn Yh ,o r bn
p Y
,Sn nCG e m pbh pb a e
o u n jo ,Gk dh SdG
.jpdG
s pr oG e pa e o pgr jo h
a Ht n s dGh p p r s dH v n r eo Gk jN IdG n Ln hh
n
56

`n br hn `n Th
n ,pa eh (1)nYr nCG Ep npH n b nT r b ,psdG p U
o
p n jo ,``pJr eo h sdGp ``rn pH
,
t SG
n ` `pc`Gh (2)An `` ` `n dG
p Yn o paG jo h ,ph r nGhp pF
s d n b o n r jn h ,
n pH oGh
p G a n r jn h ,S
o s dG go p r n r jn jp sdG ,
n p n
r n or G
..pdGh
s ps n dGh
nd r nCs n an ,pSs dG p Y p p rfGh pndr o dG EGp o p jn rJnCGQ K
pH k UN
s k an r oZ ,n Mr hn Qp Gs dG a d n Lh ,np dGh
s An ho dG
p SGhh
n ,p LG p
n n an , Yn Hn fh ,k Fn Op g kIn Hn
..
n pHoG
p r nf An U
n CG
t p jo nch ,
n Hn Qr nCG e l n n n br G
ho r jn ip sdG ,n Gn TEr Gh An dG
s n pdPn t p oJ jN fch ,Oo GOj
p jo h rn nf o pgn jo rJCGQ sc t on Jh ,ppJn nb a
.o S
n L s n jo ,nnJr oG n r U
n n e p L e n L Qn Nr G pbn h
Gk T a n nr n pd ,Gec IY GM pr Ho Y zAGMp {
.A```````dG (1)
.CG e pH e Y j (2)

57

,p pFGdGh n jOp dG Y Gk p Hn ,e r Yn (1) k pFf m Y s c kpec

.Ae n U Hn H nbo rjn jdG
p p dG
s e ,n dG On GR s Yn CG b nc ,neQn o T n n br nCG GnPEp an
n pdPn EG H Qn S s oK ,Ap G e p rjn eh ,pr s dG hCG pjr s dGhp rp Gh
a GQk Z n j M ,ps pb EG (2) m Yr hn m jW a n p Uh
n ,pn nG
a r jn ,pSdG Y k p n r eo ,dEG iphrCna pddG pdG J
p Yh ,pFVr Vh
n rft dG Y Gk p Hn ,psdG EG Gk Xp f ,(3) Gk pgGR
e u c Yh ,gp r ndh , Yp GNp h , u Zp h , pHp cn h S dG
.pU
o p jpHn ap dGh ,psdG Yn
o p
r jn
(4) nG pe f bh ,njN EG OY ,oeQ nrfG GPEp a
or
n
n
n
n pe pH e o pgr jo k ar Op pG pb a o p n an ,o n s dG e n Nn CGh
.Ap n dG e n Ln hn e Y u n jo h ,pJbs EG o p jo h ,pndCG
ppadG
s n pn r n pH o jp oJh ,s gn ppbs dG pJH o n r nJ
p s dG
s c u n oJh ,dEG l pan r eo g
n e Y o u on Jh ,n Yp en pn VG
.n r Yn a mr U
n
.`````````U (2)
.``````dG (4)

.kG`````````H (1)
.aNRh fdG Y Gk e (3)

58

nd t p oJ eb ,neQ o T n bGh ,o dG n
n rfG GPEGp s M
e n p gGh QhdG
t e d n Hr nCGh ,p n dG
s n pdn d o n r jn e
EG k p s eo ,o b e Qn S c An GMp EG o n an ,jnu jo h o u n jo
e Gk c ,pG dGh
s p s dG e Op GR n e On hs n nJ bh ,p s dG
.gu pHh pfMh pp sdG pJn p cn

59

dG Gg QK e

jdG dG CG ij H b dG c
.Z c EGh fEG Y LGh
Y de AZCG CG ij H b dG c
.cGh AGdG e AdG jYQ
j e VJ G a IOjRh J j jdG dG
.bM AGdG AYEG Jh e
Jh YJh LhR QGL EG J dG LhdG
.Ye e LGj e Y
dG U a eCdGh dG c H b dG c
a eCdG Gd Y c Gk T j ch ` Jh fS `
.d Wh SdG Y Gk H AGM QZ

60

```````bG
:SG dH j Ga c CeG :hCG GDdG

. GhdG N ......... N ( G )
. ....... jN IdG ISCG N dCG ()
H e hR fCG jN IdG Y ............ YCG (`L)
.jN H jN ` ` dG Y
N Gk CH GhdG H jN IdG T ( O )
.IQdGh G e cCG ........
CG eCG () eYh GdG eCG () eY V

:fdG GDdG
:j a

(
(
(

dG Y jM LGhR H c ( G )
.dGh
)
j CG Y jN IdG aGh ()
.d LH fC GhdG H
)
).Z c EGh jT Y j CG H fEG (`L)
61

AdGh AGdG Y de hQOdGh AZCG ( O )

.G a
)

a SdG H ``dG `HLEG `J :ddG GDdG

:j

d ` de e j e Vd) d R dG ( G )
(e g ` AGdG DhY
gQeCG c a G hj e LQ c ()
(fH Id ` ` FGd)
:HGdG GDdG

a SjdG eh ,JQeh jCGQ EG J c e{

idG G dP NC d d S e LQh ,jO j
.zd N
S e LQ EG :jN IdG db GP ( G )
?SjdG e NCd
?jN IdG c ` ` SG c ()
:eG GDdG

H e jCG KJ CG J jN IdG fc{

.zdCG g UGhCG j dH
62

:j a SdG H dG HLEG J ( G )
p G{ e
(bJG ` HGhQ ` eY) :zn UGhC
a , e jN Id ` Jh fS ` dG M ()
? e H dG bRQ Ode hCG
?H T jN IdG OhCG cCG e (`L)

63

```eDG hCGh ``dSdG A`H

bdG f ah JHh mo pHm rTo a ,ojN n UCG

.ndeh nJQn o Hu n oJ
,pQdG a hCG ,pdG a ,c oM m ksn eo o b n UCG
ix p b m aGH s Mn CG ,pQdG a c GPEp a .ne pIOn S
n H hCG
,p Yr n dGp j dG dP a Qn a , Y ak r Nn dEG o an j
sfCWGh ,pdG
n
u n jT (1) k n u n n eo p G nYCG EG p Uh
pdG Gg e l t p o a ,nJCG oM e On Y K ,Y
.a go e Y p jo h ,kIb Dnr jn kfn Mh kY ,pMp s dG
,pQndG a gh
n ,n
n en Qn p T pdd e l nr nd nfc s M
p
,(3) Op G dG
t o jn o s dGh
s p pd M Am GOp pH ,(2) On gn dGh n n G
pFrYn e o J ,ln s n eo lY sfCc ,p Sh
n e t p oJ o t dGh
Ap V
n ap G Sh
o Ao Qo n Hn bh , o es nC n nJh ,pVQCG EG
o r sdGh ,mr Hn EG H
o o j k n pbGh Mk TCr G ,ppaG dG
.G ceCG (2)

64

.e :e (1)
.OGdG jT (3)


n H p u n n Gp TMo dG o G UCG sEG o n r nJ ,
l Op g l pc S
.go h go ,pG
Qm GrfCG in Sp e in jo a ,p sdG p H a o e nr NG bh
sfCc ,pdGh
t p jOp n dGp H e op n r nJ ,mn paN m p V
n
.pVQr nCG Y n bn hn l
Ap dG EG o oj ,pddG An GMp p n Ln ps pb nY ,pQdG a l h
o jNh ,nYr nC G C n rpd o nb n n rfGh ,Ap dH
s s Mn GnC r b ,pdGh
.l r Ln d s p nr jn h ,l r Ln d
r n rjo ,kIn pgS gpQGO a
p jn ,kpFN Y o Nj Gk r n Lh ICah
knp Jr eo o
:kpFb
! pfoeu Rn ! (1) pfoeu Rn `
p pa ndEG p r dG
o r bn h ,TG
s n Y r nfhn Yh ndEGp YSCn a
p ,o p r jn
,n en CG c r snan ,a n bn Qn h nnH M ,o p nJr jn o r Lh
ndEG r Sn
o pgr oJh ,dEG o or nJ ,k n peU p pf pH bn h K
p fnCG
.pQU a Oo Os n n nJ o n nr J
n M ,Y t p n rn a ,Sr
.f```Z (1)

65

Y n gn Pn s M p pf pH k n pbGh s Xh ,n jS Qr Op oJ h
nY r nfhn Yh ,An p dG Y r n n na ,r n Yn n ah ,(1) o hr s dG
nLh ,o jpndG o n ` ` n dG nsHn psdG pn Hen r nds Hn h ,pVt dG
p ndb K ,pnH kIAr en kIf dEG n fh ,pfH
:kSH
p HCG j M GPe `
.nY Hn b rnTn !? SdG
:mN a b K ,pIr oG nYr CGn EG n a
nY
l pFN ufEG !! on S GPe o jN j ipQOr CG o nr d `
! k Yn o jr nCGQn a ,rp nf
:mMn a db K ,ojN Ha
p HCG j

n r ch !Gk Hn CG Ht Qn n jpr jo e psdGh !?pSdG

n ch `
p n rfnCGh Ht Q jp r jo
J ,p
s d l Yp e ,pMp s d l UGh
!?u nG pfpH
o p oJh ,
n r dG
s
o p nJh ,pgr s dG (2) ppFGf nY
!G Gg jnCGQ sfCG sEG iQn nCG h ,o j n G n jCGQ sd
:pec pGn nf a Gk gX pH e o nKCG o Gjh ,mpgr G a b
.F````e (2)

66

.````````dG (1)

rp nf ,pVQCGh pGhdG pone a o orfnCG ,pQdG a o c `

Mh ,o dG n pd n W bh ,mU ipQUh ,l a pbh l Fn Op gn
r n n nJQr a ,Ss dG n rpe n r nd kp nd k r Lp jnCGa ,
o obdG n pd
p pFGna
n G Gg o sn n jn Gk MCG r p Yn a ,ipn Ln s n gGh (1)
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p nCG CG r n gn h ,psdG
jv p b kJU o r p nn a ,H n U
s p G
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.rCGn br G `
: o rbo
LoCG fCGh Ge K s Y gQch ! (2) mQnpH fnCG e `
.zmQp npH fCG e{ f HLn Ep G
:kIh
n Mn o hjn m bQn mU a a
(3)

} ``
(4)
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.|
.IAGdG YCG (2)
.Y H d j e (4)

67

iQU n nY (1)
.e O (3)
. (5 EG 1) e jBG ,dG IQS (@)

kpF`N Gk pFM pcn nJh ,u Yn

n n r
n fG ,n b e o CGb na
,pG e kRp f o Yr n Sr nCa ,pJbs H
n o r n n SG
r `s M ,Gk p nJr eo
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kIs n r eo ndb ` ` SdG e jBG jN S a
:psdGp nc pIh
n pd
o o Jh
r n Mp s dG d fEG ,GHCG sdG n jpr jo psdGa r Hr nCG
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}

. (@)|
kJr U
n Sn PEG ` ` l c H in NCG Is e ah
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n Hn a a A n dG
s e
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. (8 EG 1) e jBG ,eG IQS (@)

68

:`` J ` dG b a
}
.(@) |
Y HG gh ,manr f n H nbQn hn JCG M o jNn H nn nrfG K
n UC
ch (1)Jh
s
r G IOn n Yp J b ch ,jN IdG
:d dbh (2) fGr p dH EG e o j
.NCG HG e SG ..dG H iCG `
?in nJ GnPen Np nCG H j :nbQn hn n na
.M n pH ` ` n Nr nCan
`Se Y f idG g r nYn n nf ip sdG EG :o` `bn Qn h `` n an
.es oCG g s f oS n fEGh ` dG Y `
:ma a jN o U n n nJQr Gh
o sdG sEG n dEGp CG o n Tr nCG{ .psdG So Qn j n pH en BG r en o hCs G fnCGh `
.zt pnfh odSQn n sfnCGh
p o r gn h r bn h
.psdGp S a Op dh ,pspd pdeh f
. (7 EG 1) e jBG ,KG IQS (@)
.iQdG jO a NO (1)

.O``````dG ````d (2)

69

Qt dH o dG nCrC nJh ,pSdG p Lh a Qo hdG n Tr nC a

.u Sp r o dG
nCGn a ,Ap dG Lh a t n r nJ NCG b ,pr n dG oNo fch
lIjL lIM s d ,nJn M
n nfrCn Sa
r ,Qo dG n n TCG M ,o dG
.o r bn e nY r nfc s Yn Gk pcn
o p n r nJ
mf a ,kIue o jN n S
r an ,o dG
s n TCGh
,Gk e o SdG nn SGh
r ,kIpgS n nd r J sfnCc ,mIbh
.On Yr G c H
n a ,pdG ndEGp n N s K
pbr dG
n Gg a ,sdG pr Hn EGp n bnCG r b af o H o bQh ch
,o u jo H n Uh ,n SdG n Hn b
n M Qo hS s Ta ,Gk e
p Gh ,pr dGh
p jo h
,mIos bh mYn pn H pp jW a u o
s psdH pU
pjp rdG n pe ,peb e pbo S s Y oKu n jo dEG
n n L K
pjn p r dGh
kIs en n en g n s bn h ,Sn rCGQ r pe (1) nfOr nCGh ,Op p VGh
r
t
h ,ndSdG Ou nCGh o s eo j s J :x Lp a o j gh ,mIs en n H
.nop r jn r Hn q n r nJ
.s ```b (1)

70

 pJ M U ` Y dG VQ ` j N I dG YOn h
,n rdhJh
n ,dEG n nr Ln h gr Yp r n n LG s nan ,pJGQLh
o H e :p o fCG a ro jn ,mpgOn dEG nr o j kIs e n r p nd
Y kIh
n Mn h ,pbGTEG Y kbGTEr G On GR b n dG n jN
n e l On Y en H ,ro nf r nCGn gh o n H
r sn JG ,pJhM
n
!?pQdG
o gj o nb r pe c !?ppn r nZ r pe n Ln Qn Gk nC Gg t co nCG
GPh !?nn Mn GPna !n r n rdG in nf e o e nY ho r jn h ,Oo jh
!?r Yn On
pdSH go o pr oJ o jNh ,t n r nJ H
p Qo hU
o On c K
o r pH m Ln t GnC ,pn d n r p U
o pJsdG Ap Dgo p SGrC Qn Yh ,n Lp hRn
sfGC ndh ,pSdG u Y pG pYp H is ` `o dG pY oIGnC ``er G ,mr `n M
.nY v rp en p VQCG Y nnnn d ,r nSh
Jos b n Ln
n
n an n rfG pa ,pQGs dG e n Nh n jN nJ r en n hs CGn fch
e t p nJ fnCc nnfGh ,mIs pp H nN dG ZCGh k Ye
p m Mr hn
o pFGQ e o nJ ,mH p r noJ n pgh ,gOo Qp jo m Sc
71

x pn pd Lk hR n Z p sdG ,n j p Yt n s dGh ,p jp r s dGh pr oG

:kIn p er n eo In rG o SoJ n gh o J ,mSQh
! mjn No n n Hr j o jN j o r ndG n n W ! n ! n `
,kfRr hn (1) m r n bo pHnCG p n Ln e n n rKCG ,prb Y o b e pc
!?pdnJ en H ,n dG pop n Mr nCG
n a
r co CG h ,pnr n dG nr Nn sEG o b e pH pbn Y r onJ d
p
,ns bn Qo hm orco u oCG pr n n HG pe ,nn r n Yo h n n r Yo s n Hr Gp GhRn r Yn k n VGQ
nr nG dP n bnCG rCG r pe n dG s Ho h ,pIn p n dG prV
n n sEGp
.pgGdG n p dG
s
Al r Tn pr Hn n No r jn dh ,Gk Hn GC pr n n Hr G pe n n r n Yo h n n r Yo o GhRn s pjn d

n p jn CG pLhr Rn t Yn is o dG o Y n p n r jn r ndh ,njpNn o n pFGQ a

l MGh n o r jn dh ,m Mn o n HG Ln t GC en o nr jn a ,p jp nW a
.Sh
n Yn jj c r en ,iper GnC
n pdjo rGC nYn p jr n nddG
n p jr n g e
pH o Ln GhRr CG nr pr jo ,njN pr Yp e oIn r u dG pan n r
n fG K
,njpNn h m pe Qr u n oJ ,l GpFK s r pe o GpbG ,n r p Sn
. L (1)

72

pbn pdG o s p dGh

,ppH pGu n jo ip sdG p SEG p jOp eh
s
,pG pe pa eh n ju dG Gg Mr n r jn ,r p Sn r n n SG
r
p fGh ,a p No t dGh dEG pYQH s o Ln GhRr nCG Jh
p r
.penCG m EG
,ne n Ho nCeh ,o G n n rfG M m b o Z p r jn na
.Ap Gn pSGh
r pjpr dp
t H hpdG Hn a
:mgO a dAn n jn op rfCG EG GhOo Y s d
h ,Hk p cn nY r u n of !?n T ip sdG Gg l n n U GP `
p r n dGh ,p
r n dGh ,p nfeCGh ,pr dG
u n Z l MCG Y r n r jn
!p Lp Gs dG
!? n jpNn o H eh
na ,p ns dG pr Ho h ,(1) pnfGRs dGh ,prn dG n Z nY r u n of
An GQn hn ip r nJ h ,o p n r nJ n pgh ,n r n dG Gn g o J od H
!?pG
.Q``````bdG (1)

73

p n W bh ,
p rfCG EG G Ln Qn K
Y o nn Gh o r G
Y Ln n Nr nCGh ,(1) gGn Yr G mo pH n jN o s jn ,pdYo
:dAj GhNn nCG s d ,ppHsdG rYn
m d a Ln hRh n pg ,oG jn p n r jn CG o p s jn r gn h `
!?mIMGh mIQn p
o Hh ,mIMGh
n n nf s Y rdnCjn ,mj s co n jN nY OOs n n jn Ao u dG rn Lh
.psdG ppc e Ap dG
s e
nbn hh ,p`enCG a o `SdG Qn Mh ,n nrfG pb o Mr dG
n ch
mIn r M a pIdG dhCG r pe ` Y dG VQ ` ``jN I`dG
!?o Mr dG
n n fG bh ,o o p oJ GPpan ,mIjT
,pu pnf Y (2) sn nJ r b o sdG j CG n an ,ooG H s TGh
.nd ndeh rn nf r s Yn nCG idG ,o dG
o n dG
s dP nJn an
,pn n dGh u dG e p s dGp SQn n Y nCGQ e of Mo On GRh
pIOn Y n r bo d o cu Dn oJh ,psdG p n
p J nNCGh
r a a o p roJh SGo
.psdG pjBHp Mr dG
n
.``````J (2)

74

.```````HUCG (1)

nbn a ,ooGh o nn dG p SdH s Ta ,r o jn n Mr dG

n s d
:o dnC Gh t n dG pH Va
n sco d o Jh ,On GDa inu oJh ,o u on J ,ppfpH
sEG l r U
n eh ,o hnJh sEG lIs Tp a ,sdG n SQ j rn r nJ n `
p eh ,ojn h
lIOn GQEGp o n j pa pspdh ,o n n dG o n r Hn h sEG l V
!l pHr nJh
s gn nCG e Y n jp jo h ,s p nf n Mr jn nCG p s dG EGp S
s n nJ K
ipQr jn ,H s M l pFV ,prp dG Oo Qp T o SdGh ,o Tr nCGh
.o n
r jn GPe
pYn a m pKGh ,x p n reo ,TH
x mLr pn H dEG lIn Xp nf n pg n Hh
,pp rs dGh p p r s dG pGQY p Sn Y p roJ ,pp n
r ah psdG
kbTr EGp o r Lp s n gr a ,ppLn pe o s
n n jn o n n dGh
o p n r jn rJnCGQ
:mraQp h mTHn a d ndb nCGn g sh ,Yn
p HCG j Ht Q n cn n nJ e `
!Yn sn nJ eh ,SdG
pp sdG pJH p r Sn Y nJ K ,Vu dG en pHG n n Hr a
,pLp s dG pdG e psdpH Pn SG en H ,o MdG pH n f e
:mQh`` So a kpFb ,nJU k paGQ
75

Mp s dGp n Mr s dG sdGp pr H
(2)

(3)

(1)

}
(5)

(4)
(6)
(7)

(8)
(9)
(10)

. |
nCGQ e gQo hSo On GRh ,njN n b Vu dGh o Mn r n dG pn nan
a o uoJ n L K ,pr p rWGh p nr p dG n pe p SdG pLhn a
:pdLn h pjBG p gn
! o jN j o pdnJh psdG o peGhnCG sfEG
.ndhoC G e nHr nCGh l N n p an ,ndp n n dGh pIn Np BG ndEGp Yo r jn
p OGSG EG Yo r jn h ,nY psdG pn r pH n Ss dG o cu n jo
,u Gh
.Gk s neo Gk pg nW psdG EG pIn Yr s dGh
.CGgh S (2)
.```fdG (4)
.ihCe d L (6)
.de Y J (8)
.(11 EG 1 e) jBG dG IQS (10)

76

.dG JQG bh (1)

.cJh b (3)
.eCG QXh dG j (5)
.Gk`````a (7)
.`````LJ (9)

p jo
..phGhp pFdGh
s p p r p Ghp pn dpH U
pjBG g a o oJ n gh ,k n p nd k en n p Hr G p n n n Hr G K
,gQp ho pd o SdG s o an , ndEG Yo r nJ ep Ln h , p n nYh
:mMn a dEG dGh
s nd ,r ndEGp h o n
r dG r pe ,o` ` jN j p`n p Ln p` ` nd o sdG n`p Mn `
n Yn dG
s `pfn cs Pn h ,pMp hQo h prp nfh p`pdpH pfn rZnCa ,pd pn s Sn
.Gk ` n HnCG rn fnCG r ` ` d ip sdGp `dG dpH
?ojN j pr p Sn nCG
:knpFb ,r n Y a o bnJ o et dGh ,Yn SCa
!ipr Lo h pdeh rp nf pdSQo h pspd `
o sdGh ,n e fnCGh ,n Ht Qn pH n eCG a psdG n SQ j p er a
.n e

77

dG Gg QK e

U a dGh eCd AGM QZ a dG YG

MdG hd Gk c dG a ` Jh fS ` dG
.SEG jH H jGHh Y
dSdG AH a ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG eb
.fCWh dG b H
AdG e eBG e hCG ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG
. dSH
Se Y f e g MdG e Y f e
.dG Y ` SdG Lh Yh
a dG ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG cQT
EG JGQLh J MU Y J f c M I Y dG f
.SEG

78

```````bG
:j a SdG H dG HLEG J

:hCG GDdG

:a eCd Gk T j H b c ( G )
(AGM QZ ` G ` QK QZ)
: ` Jh fS ` dG b MdG e f e hCG ()
(HQ SH CGbG ` eG jCj ` KG jCj)
:c fCG U e (`L)
k e ` dG ek e ` AdG Gk Ye ` Md kUGh)
(S e L ` gdG FGf Y
CG eCG () eYh GdG eCG () eY V

:fdG GDdG
:j a

(
(

T a c Y Md hf hCG ( G )
.LQ
)
UCG IO Y J b c a f H bQh ()
.jOdG YGh
)
79

(
(

f S fCH G af H bQh H (`L)

.SQh
)
``eBG e o hCs G ` Y dG VQ ` jN I`dG ( O )
. `dH
)
:ddG GDdG

a ,JGQLh JMU jN I dG YO{

dEG j Ie d dEG Lh gY LG
.zgO
?JGQL jN IdG YO GP ( G )
?jN IdG QNCG e GQG be e ()
:SG dH j Ga c CeG :HGdG GDdG

..... g FdG zjN H jN j dG W ! !{ ( G )

SdG QMh Ia SdG Y ........ fG ()
.eCG a
80

:eG GDdG
:( CG ) YG e Sj e eCG () YG e IQY c V
()

( CG )

H jN IdG dG JG - GHCG HQ jj e dGh ` 1

:Fb bQh H - eCG g f S fEG ` 2
Gh dG SdH TG - FGQ e J H Z ` 3
G
:Fb G jN fCW M H L CG - Ia MdG fG H ` 4
Gh G H ` 5

81

I``YdH Gh ``eDdG t oCG

, psdG p SQ nY psdG pY pe pjBG o hof (1) ndGnJ
en
n H o jp oJh o n J ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdGh
o jN fa ,u n pd psdG o dJ ndGJh .I
n u dG e gOt n jn
:H o n r jh gsnn jn r en n hs nCG
en n hCs G p SdG n e sUh ,sJ en n hs CGn An VdG
o pn sJ
n Z , p Ss dG eCG nrNn uo
n J ,pdG EG n e r Ln Nh ,sU
,me u c e ndr Mn on r nJ dG pYn Pp sdG pjpr dH
t (2)mn pHY
.prdnCG Ap ip Hn r pe n jpbG GranCG go n r nf oap r nJ eh
,pn p dG
s p dG iphPn
n H o p n r nJ SEG o dnJ nCGn Hn h
e pa e ncQn Or CG dG ,ppadG
s p St dGh ,pIn u nG pdGh
.pIn NBGh ft dG in r Nn
,jGh AdG e l ch ,ne Ap Gn co H
o pH n en BG
p tdG n pe bjo
s Gkp r eo ,pjG ju dG Gg a GhLn hn sfnC
.Op pSGh
r tdGh
.`e Z (2)

82

.`````````HJ (1)

n r jn h Hn r o dG iPp Ap jEGh ,pMEGh p r n dH o eo rCjn hLn h

o n r jn h ,pSdG
n H iphjo hn ,rn dGh p n oGh Ap r n dGp Y
.psdG pfL ap d o r nJ ,mIn Mp Gh mIn Mr hn a n bu n n G ion dG
ajn h ,pju dG Gg a (1) Ho Jr jn n e Ao SDhn Qo nCGn Hn bh
(2)
o nfopn r jn e pIc ndEG Gs n nJh ,n pdJ r n r jn h ,nJbs
n pdH Gk r cn pa oNr jn pd (3) ho p jn GhNn nCa ,mj n H ek j
:pr o dG
,Gn dG pGdnCG rn bnCH gHo s Y ,An n V
o hCG Gk pYn Gfc GnPEGp
.ppdG pjO EG ghOt jh ,jG jOp r Yn gLpr o pd
p LGhRr nCG
n Hh n r Hn Qn dG (4)Gh s Sn ,m Lhr Rn s co EGh
.Lp GhRr CG (5)p BGh
nht p jn jp sdG jpn no
r G n e jN IdG t o nJ
n a
!?p oXh Qp dG pInr b e pjpH
,pfn pH go n o rnJh ,pd An n dG
t Ap Do g s p oJ CG nY c
.pIG s Mn h n dG geo Mh Qo dG gOn W en H
.iPCG hHj (3)

.H eDj (2)
.```````````gCG (5)

83

.``````tj (1)
.G``````TCG (4)

jdG ,n dG n p r o d pdc pd n s n nJ CG n Y ch
sfC ,Ak eh Mk U ,pGdGh inPCG pGdCG rn bnC Vs n j
.o sdG Ht Qn :Gdbh n UCG GcJ
mnfh ms p pH nYn k npr eo ,Op G
p Gd dG n s e fc
k Tn s p d ,gQo hSh o Mn r an On GR o gt nn J s TG
r sch ,mYn h
s o jn rnCG odnCnr J psdG EGp Ls n n n a ,gpQU a Oo Os n n jn c Gk MGh
.nu n jo h ppH nYn
o on a ,oICGG a o p nJ dG u dG
n n Lh
u pe o p n r nJ f
d s n a n Lp hR
r EG o Jh ;Nk nCG n br Rp Qo nd s n n nJh ,pJHn EG
!nen CG a o j ,k Hr G n Rp Qo
p g Y s pjo rnCG Lo r nJh ,ndEGp o SJh
n Hs Qn Yo r nJ s na
.pSEG n nf Y s nCG c ,nn r dG
c ch ! or Mn n n n cr G
n M o Mn a fc e s TCG eh

n M gQo ho S nc ch ! Gk cP Gk dh nj CG psdG e gDho LQ

.Gk cP Gk dh AL
84

,l cP l dhn fCG r an Yn s a ,n Vh
n
n M pfH o SdG c
db K ,pnGh pn dH nJAn r en p n r n pHp SdG EG r nnf
:mbQ mU a
p dG HnCG j u on f GP `
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gn jn s a ,jr s Nn Y r n n n rfa , Yn eOo r ndn nJ h
: on oJ
.ojpNn j psdG n Y f `
b ,o u sdG sfEGp ,o pg sdG sfEG .psdG pY p Hr p r H sdG o Y
.mpnpH (1) ps pgG a n pdho e n a ,pSEG pa n pdho
Yp e Ao Mp CG n bCGh ,n jp n pd Mk n an Qo G dG ps n gr Gh
Ap Gd ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG gn hh ,u jo
ppddG
p ,Lp r o d r ndn Hn h ,pcGh
n Gg a p en CG s co k VGh
.mjpTn m nYn n H An L ip sdG
n r Yn Qn Nr G , o nj mn rp pdh ,pFpd Os GQ h o jpjo n sdG s p d
r nHn h ,kn pYn k Ls Qn Qo GdG ps nJQa ,mb n H pQGL EG pdG
.````SEG ``b e (1)

85

o pdjo Y o SdG n bCGh , oJ H fMh ,o jN

p jo ,nfM
:pGp bdG pJr p
n H d o jh ,SG
m r n pd ev CGo pfJ CG Or p jo ,on jpNn j n G ppH o sdG On GQCG `
p s CGo pfJ rCG Cr jn h ,o r n an p rNn e
H ,psdG pY hCGp SdG
.k L peDr d ev CGo pfJ CG pd Qn NG
!?ojN j o n sdG Gg pt o jn CG
psdG o SQ o n n n a ,jr s N Y JQn s n nJ p r n n er On s p d
:mapQ a o j gh
n ,pjpdG
s ppH
!nHr CGn h l r Nn oIn Np BG !ojN j In Np BG `
} :`` J ` ndb nCGn b K
.(1)|
p Qn h ,njN n nb psdG o nc n sWn an
.pn rMp h pFnpH r n V
p SdG pIYr On EG h ojn p eCG hs nCG a n e Ao SDhn Qo ch
Gfc rEGh ,Ap noG e Sn e pIYOn EG Gh nnf c
.dG IQS e 5 , 4 jBG (1)

86


n M jJ hCG pn Yn Go pH sr n n jn h ,pYn rJCG e hn r jn
.n e en j hCG nfh
r jn
H ,k nYn Ap SDhn t dG Ap Do g EG nIYs dG Ls h b o SdGp oj h
.Ap nnG a psdG EG Yr jn nc
t p jn mGn S nK Ap nG Qp SCr G a oIYdG p g s SGh
p n r jn h ,ne (1)pTp EG pJOn Yh pJp
n H a p G
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o s jh ,gpMCG Qp GO a Gv Sp
.kSn dP EG GYSG
r e jb Ap SDhQo o Yr GnC Y hp n r jn h
Yn hr jn ,kp bn n jpNn Y o SdG n Nn O m j n GPh
p pe nfOn h ,f
p pa s Mn Ca ,l p nK l J
dnCS K ,kn SH
:mraQp a
,pQGTnCG p dhCG pe n s gn nCG l jpLn nCG ! psdG n So Qn j Gk N `
!?sdGp jOp nY n jpbG
n `b K ,p`r oG p``G ``p Lh a ` ` o ``SdG nnf
:mTEr G `a
.G a dG :dG (1)

87

,(1) H p r nGh ,pIn Yr s dG p g Qp rXEp pH o jN j Hu Q pfn en nCG `

:`` J ` a ,
n pHn br nCG gCH CGHCG CGh
(4)

(3)

(2)

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(5)
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,GDk odrCnJ On GRh ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG o Lr hn nn n rfa
n pJn p Yn Qp GnrfEG r pe s Ho ,sdG n SQn j vMn ` :Am hgo a ndbh
,sdG n c Gn r jn s M ,Hu Q dSpQ p p r nJh ,
n pHn br nCG
t Mn GnC r en h ,sdGp na e gn Z n f e o s o jn h ,n er nCG Gho Hs n n jh
!?
n pHn br nCG n pep p n dG p r npH sdG n SQ j
a n
n Hn s en h ,Sn rCGQ n aQ K , o SdG a
p Ap p dG
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, pF HCG
n H n n Ln ip sdG ,p SEr G n Y h pb M go `
.bdG e u N (2)
.r `````````n VGn nJ (4)
.(220 EG 214 e) jBG AGdG IQS e (6)

88

.```````````fYEG (1)
.````````HCG H (3)
.dGMCG d H J (5)

pp pdHn n n ar nCG fCG hr n jn ,jQp GLh ,gpYh pFHp bCGh

,pboM EG SdG
n s nfh ,n r Yn nY (1)s
n
n nfh ,nJM
!?pju dG Gg EG fC
n G oJr Yn On nr d n
r jn GPa
:o r n dGh t G pLr hn a GHn r bn h r ndb
p j dG EGh u G EG Yo r J ,p s dG n SQ j n r ndCG `
Yo Or a .r Y sn n jn hCG (2) ndo r jn r dh ,n e n sdG sEG !?pG
n n a ,n dG nBGodG nY rCGn br Gh ,rKOp Mh ,Ht Q n eCG c
p h ,u G e o n r jn Ho b
S
o f n
n p nJ CG
a GoNjn h ,Wp n T Y Gsn jh ,pdG
u e oap r jn
.(3)Op Ur p H
n pd sd Ht n an sEGh ,pn dG psdGp jO
,pH a ek nW o jN d n n
r J CG Y io rCGdG s n n SGh
r
,pjOp n dJh ,psdG n eCG nY Vp
o r jn K ,ndEG o SdG gYjn
p eh
sn nd ,k L Ss dp G e pH eh ,p dSQ n U
a o n Ln GoG o uKDn oJh ,u G EG hO jh ,n Wp dG cj
.
o p na pIn n oG pHob
.`````````cj (2)
.````````````Y (1)
.Y Sa ,dYCGh JcM Ujh bGj dG CG iCG ,bGGh UdG jW :OUG (3)

89

b (1) mn pdhn ndEG gYr jn ,r ndEG o SdG n N p dG

s ah
n u njo CG k n Lp GQ ,pdG Op GYEG a o jN r nn n rfGh ,d en bCG
gnNo rCnJ h ,Ghs nn jn h ,pjOp a GNo jh ,u dG nIYO ADg
.o dG
s On jh o eCG n p n r jn h ,prKEH oIs p dG

n H ,njN Qp GO a o nr dG n LG ,Ap GndG o br h nM s a

GnL K ,pr pdGh pT
n n dGh pn pbs dG ps p s dGh pMp r s dG
,pbo oWh Yp GfCGh pIQ dGh ,pQeoCGhp Gp Yn Ks j
p jp nd r pe GhOGQCG e Go p nW s a ,p r dGh
u pr nG p o Th
o
na ,pJYO r Yn nKu n jo rCG o SdG On GQCG ,pNp ahp dG
p Z GLNn h ,GhQo Kh Gho n nfh ,Go n r jn rnCG Go p n r jn
pV
.p Np S
a (2)jn Op H oIn ` `nr Gh ,n` `jN Y ` ` o ``SdG n NOh
:(3) o `s `n eo
!?Op cCG np dG n nr dG An Do gn pjr nCGQnCG !?ojN j pjr nCGQn nCG `
p eo sfEG
p ``jdG Gd Gp n r jn dh ,(4) p `odG Y ht
.I`````````gX (2)
.Y AdG Y eRY :odG Y ht e (4)

90

.Z hCG SodG W :ddG (1)

.``````````Lh (3)

,pSdG e o an Qr nCG fCG nhr n jn gh ,d p n j

n ch ! Gk `n HnCG
Y GQk f Ho b o p n nr J !?e nfOr CG s jn CG s Ho gn Z CGh
o n r jn h ,Ap NEGh ,pGh ,pIGho
n G EG Yr jn ip sdGp ju dG Gg
!p ddG
r mMnC
s p dGh ,irn s dH sEG mMCG Y ka
:mbQ mOp g mU a ,kSH o jN db
Ep a ,gp N EG gYr nJ n fCa ,psdG n SQ j r n r nJ `
n go r gn h .gOp Yp o rKEGp nn an GtV
n rEGh ,op rfnCan Ghr n n gr G
o Lr h d Xh ,GnYn Hs o an ,in NCG kIs en gn Yo r nJ rnCG pe l pfe
!Y Go Yn ip sdG pGdG
n e n gCG YOr nCS H ,on jpNn j gn Mr hn nIG p g gn Yo Or nCG nd `
go r Nn n r nd ,les Y o ndSn u da ,k L psdG n eCG o ouHn oCGh ,k L
.go GSp nhOp Ss dG n pem r nh ,go n Mr hn pJn n pd
iOn fh (1) zdG{
s SdG n p U
n ,mjb m U n GPh
n r en j ! jbo n n r en j :k pFb pJU Yr nC H p pbr a e
!s ndEG ,s ndEG !jb
. rnb HCG L UCH Ve (1)

91

p r n r jn h ,h or jn GYo n Sr nCG An Gpf G p S s n an

e nfV
n Jhp dG
u Gg pS Y nfdnC jn Y Go n bCG K ,jjo
nJYr On pp r nJh ,gpQGnrfEp pH n er CG Hs Qn sCH gn NCa ,pIn Yr s dG
EG gYo jh ,n n
n Z gQo u n jo h ,Hu Qn n eCG o oun jo
n ba ,GQk L
nd n jpTn ip sdG ,pn dG
s Op r n dG ,pMn nCG pMp GdG p pnG p n dG
.n ndhn h
a zis o dG o Y{ t Yn n Uh ,pp neo jpNp S Ghn n rfa
:mjT mn
n Z
n r V
n nCGh ,n Mn GQ n r rbnCGh ,n r n Ln GnpdnCG !o j n nd (1) v nJ `
.!?n br hn
EG H
o eo YCG n fh ,m pUCG o Lho a
ghOs Sh
n ,is o dG pY EG Qn Hr nCG GLs hn K ,mY am H
pIn TG
p p oG n eCG Np nCGp HG p r n pd Y k r Yh ,k Z
n dEG
nt p oG s n nJh ,pfH
o p nJ lIn p Yn d n r nd rCn cn ,pSs dG pe
.````kcg (1)

92

,nfd Sp
o r oJ kIn paf k Hn r V
n is o dG pY EG On s Sn fCG d ,m
.jphn pH pnfpSGh
r Np CGp HG Y pdhn
o J e Qo nCrnJh ,n b o nJh
,pSpn r oG Hn LEH nY n Mr hn n n rfnCa ,pdSQ e o sdG ch
Pn SG
r en H ,pJr U
n nYr Cn H k pFUp SdG Y o SdG gn an
:kpFbp Ls dG pdG
s e psdH
(3)

(2)

(1)

} ``
(5)

(4)
(6)

(7)

. (8)|
,sco n e n p Tn M ,o r n dG fnCc t p dEG Ot s dG Gg n rfGh
EG n U
n hh
n ,pQndGh
u Qp dGh ,Ap u dGh p Lu dG o GraCG JOn Os Qh

n pFGnbh ,kYn Pp k jn p r So ,mL u oCG pJnCGn er Gh is o dG pY p pee

p Qn nCrjn rCG Y is rdG o Y n Yh ,k Z
,d
n Wn n Sa
r ,kIn paf
.pnpJdG pp dG p H n p r nJ na ,(9) n GaCG jo hn
.``````g (2)
.f g (1)
.Lh e e c e j (3)
.a G JCGeGh L NS (5)
.````Nj (4)
.qdG e e (7)
.```Y (6)
.``````Hj (9)
.G IQS (8)

93

CGh ,njpNn h m pe p n r nJ CG nY ,mL t oCG n rn bCGh

e k VZ LhR EG Yn SCGh ,GQk GTh
n GQk f gQn GLp n p oJ
r e dEG Oo s on J dG p dHh
,pdGbCH ,H Ap dG pjSo
u
pa BGdG n V
n hn idG p r nG peh ,pe Mp dG
s po Yr nCG
.op r nJ idG p nnGh ,gpLp
:npFb ,H o nJh t o nJ n Ln h
!?is o dG n Y jp dG n H p Hn GPe `
pHdH Os Qo nC ,njN n n Hr G o W es EGh Qp GdG a fCG es EGp
EG o npJdG o HdG On u So c ,Lp hRn bh pb EG pIn padG
!pbh pb
nY ek Yh ,kIQKh k Z e s bn nCpH is o dG o Y r j h
p GhdGp in r Yn GnY r bn fch ,r n Hr G EG n SCa ,pLp dGp nprfG
n Uh ,ppH No r jn h ,psdGp SQn n n Hr Gm rco u oCGh n s bn Q Y
:mIs Tp a kpFb pH
Hr G es EGh fCG eEGp !?oeu oCG pah s pa l n b e o r p Sn nCG `
!pLn hr Rn h m n b H n p Mr oC ,pbW e s Ho !njN
94

n Uh ,o dG
pH s n Ta ,Gujo kb pGddG
n
n n WCa
:mp nZ mU a kpFb ,gOo u n jo
,ocHCG o nr a gu noJ rEGp !?Gn ddG
n jt CG GuoJ n pa `
p r Mn o bnCSh
!oY kNp S o eCG K ,o pMn e oH nU
u
n jo CG sEG ,eu oCGh pHnCG pIQn nr K n eCG GddG
n pp jn na
,nYn pGn pFdG et oCGh go HnCG On GQnCG
n r jn h ,u o pH
,pjr Qr U
n a p pFdGp r oH ps p jo fc rEGh rnJndG u njo h
kL n o rpe n Mn CG nan ,Gk HCG r Yn Vs n jo d o sfCG ar jn
.k
n p bn k n pHr nJh Hk OCGh
r n
n n rfG ,o nG ` Y sdG VQ ` jN IdG n H s na
:mjpTm na a o onJ ,kpFU
k MQ n MQh ,Gk c Gv T s Y o s dG n GRn CG ! p s pd o r nG `
p
.kn SGh
n s `a ip sdG ,psdG n `a kI`pcT ,Ap `dG ndEG `jn j ``an Q K
n `r HG
n ` Hh ,`` Hn Os DnoG `` n pbs dG p r ` `n n jOp dG
n ``r n n Hr G
n H
95

,pudG (1)pp dG
s m L u oCG pH e o Yn n n rfGh ,n nd pHCG
.gGPnCGh gu T Hh n H n YHh ,(2) pjs p sdG pG
e r n n Hr G n n rfnCG ip sdG Hs Q n Th ,ppar s dG Gpd o SdG s Sh
o
.pJnCGn er Gh md pHnCG u Tn
jr n ju dG
u jn g CGh ,n p n J d Hn r Mn sCG n cs Cn nJ d
.pIn padG
s pjdGh ,In pg sdG IhG
n n d pGn u n o Sn
H o p nJ ,nd n r ndG m L t oCG nCGJ rCG o jN sbnn Jh
Gg a n G o onJm L Ca ,ncr nCGhm r n pd
o r Hn Ao udG
r TYh
n ,pa nCnn fh Y n p oW ,inPnCGh u dG
s n pe ,G
.pJnCr Mn a

.pWdG (2)

96

.jdG (1)

dG Gg QK e

GOdG iOCG e hCG ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG

. dG SQ e eSEG
dG VQ ` jN Id ` Jh fS ` dG OGQCG
.eDd eCG J CG ` Y
jDeh e N ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG fc
.IYdH G Y Sd
CG{ JCGeGh g YJ dG Y zd HCG{ idG Y
. dG SQ Y G zL
QdG iPCG e ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG nr J
. dG SQ Jfe H
H L K Gv S SEG EG IYdG dG SQ CGH
.ac SdG H H L K khCG gCG H

97

```````bG
:j e cCG :hCG GDdG

e hCG ......... ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG J ( G )

.U e hCG SdG e ....... h J
dGh ....... ihP H ......... SEG dJ CGH ()
.IG
a GhLh fC ........ e c SEG IYH eBG (`L)
. ........... e bj Ge SEG
CG eCG () eYh GdG eCG () eY V

:fdG GDdG
:j a

(
(
(
(

GaNh jG jdG a e ASDhQ JQG ( G )

.dJ
)
aH GSCG jdG AdG e ASDhQ eY ()
.dG jd ghOd dh
)
Gk L ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG dH (`L)
.G AdG IY Gk c
)
) .SEG a jN IdG AHCG hCG SdG ( O )
98

:j a SdG H dG HLEG J :ddG GDdG

:H ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG r n u od ( G )
(eDG CG ` dG Y CG ` SdG CG)
: Ie AG a SdG IYO SG ()
(GYCG KK ` eY ` Y)
: H IYdH G SdG CGH (`L)
(e gCG ` FbUCG ` gCG)
:j Y :HGdG GDdG

. SdG IYd e ASDhQ HSG Y ( G )

.L e gCG H IYdH G Y SdG Y ()
:eG GDdG
:() YG e Sj ( CG ) YG e IQY c U
( CG )

()

SJ idG d HV OS d - Yh L a jN db ` 1
fd gMh IG g gYOCG d ` 2
Z a idG Y Y U L GdCG d J ` 3
Gk c Gv T Y dG GRCG d G G ` 4
BGdG Y GC bGh HQ eCG c YOG - a a J jN fG ` 5
L e gCG YOCS H jT
99

QG LGe a
,mj n r Hn ek j t n nr J ,mjb
n Hh u dG
n H o LGo dG pn NnCG
n pe (1) o s n n nJ Oo nJ Tp n o dG o bh ,pJYOn am Ve o SdGh
s Y dAn n jn h ,nhQo hn n n jn h ohHu jh h u j ,p r n dG
.n j
(2)
kIn r Yp Gfn d ,mp n rJGC Y An ndG GhQs bn ....Gk NCGh
,GQk fCG ndM l o j h ,pju dG Gg p NO pa o jo r n pd
.hujo Gar
n fG K .pJn Yr n H gYr jn r en h
Yn Th ,pQs dGh p r sdH o jpn dGh o GdG
t n en a On Os nJh
.
n G e Ap n dGh
t Ap sbQp nCH (3)p p r s dGh pjdG o Xp e
,n jG o jp oJ dG ,pbn Qp G p dG a nrjo en r pe
h ,o s jn an ,pQ U n Y l e l c l Mn o V
n jo h
.jpnr J dG ps TCp G pJ e Qn Gp dG o j
.``````````````````Y (2)

100

.```````````````J (1)
.jdG jdG (3)

,mGT hm W pH ,mp eo mIn r Mo a pH

o n r jo en peh
.An MCG dGh
o G n u n jo M
o
(1) oJCGn S roJh ,pjG e mpH H j e peh
rn o n
oo o t no n
.pdGh pjp r s dG pdPn in en in n d ,(2) pIn p n r oG G n eCG
,pcG g pSh a ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdGh
:n r jn ep N Y gQn hr On iOu Dn oJh ,Uhm r Yn h mnpH o r nJ
p oJh ,phGp r Lo Y H o gn jn s en
, SG
.n sdGh s dH o u n oJh ,u oJh
e hNo rCj ,(3) jQe Y p d pFGNn r n n an h
Z jO nar nJ ,psdG p S a ndGeCG dnHh ,hAjn e
Y o u n oJh , o p r oJh Hs n G An bs Qp nCG ip n nJh jQO dG
.pdYCGh pJQn pJ a p p oG Y o n pn
r J TndG
pJ EG kH p roJ a ,fn j idG pdG dH n r nJ
p
dP EG h ,Hn H pHn Qp dGh
,gpQGO Y p npbn oG pIQn n G
s
.``````````G (2)

101

.````````````````JQY (1)
.``````````````HGHCG (3)

gQp GO n M od WCGh cp oG H o j i dG ,p dG
u
.pdG
r Aip n pH

n N nhp jn gh ,pQG TnCG p dhCG p H pd J h

H ,bCGhp dG uMn nC pH nfer jn h , u n jo h p SdG
k T
s H npHo a ,Qn Gs dG n No r jn M n SdG o n r nJh ,o p n r nJ
e gpn pH o jpoJh ,s gn nCG e pFhgo h pen pHr H o jpoJh ,kMp V
.mQGbnCG e Y p rdoCG b j
idG inPnCG dP e pHUCH t o jn e o `SdG inCGQ a
EG pIn r p dpH d Pp nCGh , Y gn p r jo CG (2) n nKBG ,(1)o jo n
,peCH o sdG nPn Cjn M ,k MQ kpbY kp en H nC ,pn nG
p
.Op Y Y An dG
t
n jh
,pPr EG Gd ` Y dG VQ ` o jN IdG (3)r Hn p nna
e o d o u n oJh ,pn d
s p t n s dG Y jpLG ophoJ Yn SCGh
r nYn u n oJh ,o Hn ob inu oJh ,o on Jh ,pMp s dG Y o p jo
.s a (2)

102

.j (1)
.GkjT kMa Ma (3)

.bs dG r bo h ,n
r s dG d o cu Dn oJh ,Gp dG
,ns bQo pHG o hr Rn nsYn o H orYo gAn L
n M ,Ho n W On GRh
Y ,o bQo h g p pe H go p r jo ,G n SCG ep hCs G pe go h
:Vp
k Q a dbh ,dhs nCG jLp G e pIpdG
o d n n ch ,n bQo a Qn Hh ,o r Yo j n pa o s dG Qn H `
.peCH o sdG nPrCjn M ,go t nn a o f es CG ,en dG
n e e hLj hLp G Ap Do g c ,pdG Qp S ah
k SH o Yo Ou on J ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdGh ,jpH
n Yr Ou n jo
n M pes oCG Y hr jn Al r Tn nY o r jn ,kIn un n eo
.An Gs Yp nCG On hr nCG
dh S d p jp J a j
l bo r On GOn RGh
,k nYn h Yk L g o r jn CG n Y e ce JG Gk NCGh
GhOu n jo h ,(1)n o dG r Y Go n r jn h ,men pa gho U a
p jn s Mn Qn
p Y
n n an ,Gk Gcj hCG ,Y n r
n G
.or jn CG odphjo e gh
n ,oJn Yr On
.````````dG (1)

103

pHn hm Tg pHn nY a Gh`` gn J ,k H c n H G n c

pe (1)GYo r jn hCG ,k Tn gpjn snCG ,nfn r jn r en h p so dG
rCGh (2) ghpgjo hCG ,gcpQjo hCG ,g`pdjo hCG ,k T
o paGjo hCG ,nY
o p r jn e nYh nY kIn Mp Gh Gk j Gfjn
.r Yn
n dG
s p g GsYn h ,peNr nCH n n p dG Ggn G n Nn K
n YCGh Op o dG n n V
r nCG un jo c ,pdG Qp n Sr nCG Y nIn pFG
Gk cCJ ,p pFn dGh p noG e hQu n jo e n n rKnCGh ,p pKGG
.(3) pp p r nJh ppeGpMr kfVh ,pn nn d
,p soG Hhp Tg H n LG ,pIn ju dG
u pIn goG p g n eCGh
,jpQs nG p dhoC (4) Gho
r jn h ,Ghp s jn CG GhQs bn h,GhQhJh
n
e o p oG ,k nYn h Yk L GoJe dh ,Gk Gco r jn snCGh
.p G o r nZh
o n r jn ,ne pT r pe Tp a k en GNo r jn CG GhnCGQh
,pdG pIOs n oG n e Y Gk H ,k e a jn , s c
.e GLhj hCG gLhj (2)
.G`````````j (4)

104

Gh```````j (1)
.``````J (3)

p jn M ,prfnCG p Y pIn TdG

p
n r Tp GhQNGh ,per CH o sdG n r
Np Th
o pd rWnCGh pFppH ,k en a GNOn h ,dW pHCG
p nCGh ,pHTh
..gVr en h pFs U
n
pH , n e ` Y dG VQ ` ` o jN I dG n Nn On h
m
n p Yn h ,
n nr G
o p r nJ mYn pHh ,Op Gs dGhp G e Yn n SG
r
nocp or Gh ,(1)n ndG
o p r nJ ms pgh ,
n r dG
s
o p r nJ
sfCG pa ntjn ,gpHr nJ r pe kar Nn ,n en n No r nJ rnCG hOt n jn
p Np GOn n pgh sco nn Yn ppH o rp o Sn
.pQG
p r jo , go h go ,pdG
t a t Tp n dG n n n rfG K
p
:n jpUo
n G p dhCGo r Y On Gs dG n r jn h ,Qn G
, dEG GYn SnCG sEG ,m pH n en EG k n p r eo k n pab hr n jn
:nh or jn Gnbhh
n ,pH G oWMCGn h
p r n d jk Qp T pnpadG Y n bCG ,pr dp
u H s pe Gk Mn nCG Ghr nCGQn GnPEG
d k n nK Y V
n Yn h ,pHU
r CGn EG e l Mp Gh s n nJ ,pndG
p

n r ` `p V GhOo GR ,On GR rEp an ,m` ` o ` `p `MU Vp

o r nj e
n r ` `V
.```````````q dG (1)

105

n o r jn h ,Ap GdG
u Y n ` ` ` p r jn M nhjpjn dGjn h ,V
n n Y e
p pdG EG On jh n dG
M nfpHjo gh ,(1) p jr n n dG n r U
u
.p n r jn
p pHn e n dG mnd HCGn r No r jn h
r n an ,pG pHn h m Tg
p rfnCG
r pe
n bn hh
n ,penr bh Np CG p Hr n Hn Gnb or ndGh o r G
pa pe o n p r jn rCG n n SG sfCG nd Ot n jn ,TnCGh Ap GYr nCG in Yr nCcn
.knr fp VQCG
Oo Gs dG
o o r jn m j ch ,jp U
n oG p Yn Oo Gs dG n nn rfa
Gn a ,Al r Tn e n r jn h tco f M ,o odG t p jn h
p Qr CG a n r jn pdG
CG j Am r Tn Y V
u a nhQho jn
ndna ,dG GQhCG r pe oaOp jo e ocrCjn h ,pG
n fGh ,pes oCG Ao GrKnCG sLn h ,ion dG ps n rfGh ,o Lr CnG
.o n nd
o p n
r J ,lIn peU n r Hn ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdGh
,pbdG peH o u oJh ,pr dGh
s pYn dG a n nnGp Sd
.AT H iCG jdG N (1)

106

p dG n js p b ,mISGeo peh m e e Yn SG
r e s c dnH bh
nWh o n r p G ps TG sc Yk uJG o n r Hn Oo GOr nJ ,pdG nIc
.Ao n dG
sfCG sEG ,job Y kIn H ,pdG
u pSn hn a nfc sfCG n en h
CG sbn n jn n pdh ,nd n n bGeo hOu jo h ,nfr n r jn Gfc
p jn
.go HJ dEG n
p Qp G Gg p Mr EGp e GM
snCH ,pnbGG pIs Th
t nCG bh
pHnCG of On GRh ,nn bn GG GhOo Gna ,n dG
u o No r jn p dG H
n
,Nk Qp U Qo ho j ,Gk HCG oCGn j r o jn h ,pQG nY pp oG m r Ln
:GQk u n eo pJU nYr nCpH j ,GOk u n en
pnMn o p Mr oCG
n S
r ! m pHr nJ s co n jN nY o rp aoCG
n r Sn ` `
pe l MCG n ` ` j `` dh ,gGSp b Y Qp G G g
.QG Gg n p n r jn rnCG ,n Yp rJnCG hCG pHQbnCG
,mIn jpTn m nnjn pa pdG
u n M Qo ho jn ,md n GP n go n r Hn h
n rnG o s n n jn h ,p rfCpH SfC
n G o s n n jn h ,r n r n pH n dG o p n r jn
107

pX nY o p r jn (1) ek oZ inCGQ K ,mGbCG p bHn s Mn nCG ,r nfPo oCpH

e l LQ r Nn peh ,(2)p r sdGp r Lo pa pH o s n n jh ,k r b
EG n n n dGh ,H n n er nCGhp odG EG n n n a ,v n r eo o jo cpG
:mjT mnZ a n bhp LdG
r pn r nJ ,mGMp H o p Mn j n en n nr dCG !?iQn nCG ip sdG Gng e `
!?pjOp pa r No r J r ndh m
,pSEp G Y Ght nJr jn s M ,Ap Dog pn nWeo Y r gn n f r ndCG
!?Yk Lo GJo jn hr nCG
n p a !?pdG Qp SCG Y k e run ofh ,k en n n p dG
s p pr nf CG
p jo h ,n dG op r jo h ,n r n dG
!?nn pdB G o r
o pdjo ip sdG Gg r n U
:mnK a l p Mn n SCa
ip sdG Gg e ipQnJnCG !?o r n U
n b orn fEG jt CG pfGnJ eh `
!?o odG op rjn
n u an Co ,pdH
u en EG n Mn ,pde e eW t onJ snd
!!p sG pdG e go n rfoCGh o Hn r cn
.``````````````eX (2)

108

.GkY hCG keON (1)

n a !o LdG jt CG n jpN o e ! pnd s nYn nc l jr On Gg

p r nbh gfr
o p n rfnCGnCG !?pH n nU
n Mn bh ,n jr On nd iOu DhoCG
!?n nJ M
! psd j
pH (1) Gojn h ,M e pjr n nd e SdG
o in Ou Dn oj rnCG ho jpoJ nCG
!!?mjOo e nY
p Nn On s M op r jn pH n nrfa ,pdG EG Qn TCGh pH n ` `n er nCG K
,r bn e t
n n dG o phjo h ,o o
r jn m LHCGh ,n r dG
u pH
:kpFb mIn Yr Qp a o jh
! o jpNn ! o njpNn `
!!njpN n BGh n jN o o r n S !!mHnJ u co Ap GQhn pe o jpNn `
,ne Ap SDhn Qo EG Yk eo fGh ,pLdG pj e nn rfG K
Gp r jo r nd sfnCG d o cu Dn jo ,njpNn a jn rCGQ Ghr n n pd ,pH Nk Qp U
p m Yn a
.peenCG e n jN GMo GRCG GPEGp sEGp ,pjOp h m s V
.GhOnD`````````````j (1)

109

p s n SGh
o jN a r n n rfnCG ,mjW mGS nK Qo G
r
pb a on r nJ ,prn dG n Mn Jr eo ,pr s dG n n VGQ
p ,p s d nde
.n sdGh n r dG
s Ap u dG Qp hU
o pah ,nIdG
s p Lu dG
p G gp p r n pH o s dG nPp nCG M
n Ln Qn h ,n s a ,pQ
n G
e pIs T e ,mn en Y n rnG r jn ,gpQhOo EG hU
n n oG
.Ap Yr EG n pe H
,ek r Yn h kIb (1) o n r p G rJOn GR r b ,gpQGO EG o jN On Yh
p Hn a in rCGs dG o un oJh ,pbNr EG n H jb
l n
r n S a o uJ
.pGLEGh pIdGh u dG pGdCG e jr n nd
pa n r jn qfCG scJ M ,mn Lh mN a r n
n n rfG K
:mIb a Mn Uh ,pNnCGp r dG
s o Z (2)pn r Lo
!! Gk Hn nCG , Gk Hn nCG psdG Qn f G rjo d ! Gk Hn nCG rjn nd ,n

.AH e fEG H e (1)

.dG AYh :G (2)

110

dG Gg QK e

GdCG HC eSEG H FGhCG G V J

.jO If S a iPCG Y GhU d ,jdG
EG d QdG O VG H FGhCG G Lg
Y G Lh kOY k fGf ke H C G
.MdGh dG
V jdGh QG SCG e Qc SG
Y AdG a j d , gCGh H UCGh
.e jUGh dG OU H SEG
d V J e Q c e gh GM H M KC J
jE j a dG QG a iPCG e G
.jb Y hO jUd AGdG
G e Nh ,GS K dG QG SG
.SdG Oe J FGdG C ;eYh Ib cCG

111

```````bG
:SG dH j Ga c CeG :hCG GDdG

SdGh ........ Hh dG H LGG TG ( G )

. ..... a Ve
Gfd .......... Y AdG TdG Qb ()
.SEG a j ...........
e A dGh AbQCH ...... X e e a Y T (` L)
. .........
:j a SdG H GdG J :fdG GDdG

:IdH HUC SdG PCG ( G )

(e g ` iPCG Y gOHE ` jdG d)
:G EG IdG fc ()
(JGN Iad ` Ne d ` e d)
:LhRh bQ HG IH jN IdG Y M (`L)
(d YO ` Jg aQ ` fMh H)
112

CG eCG () eYh GdG eCG () eY V

:ddG GDdG
:j a

(
(
(
(

) .L d G QM Y jb gJ ( G )
.Y T a G UM ()
)
) .a jObG d jb Q
n Mp c (`L)
a GhUh G Hh Tg H G ( O )
.QG LGe
)
:j Y :HGdG GDdG

.dG QSCG Y QGh WG U cG Y ( G )

a jN IdG NJ CG hjj cG c ()
.UG dG
?zdG OCGh{ e SEG be Y J GPe (`L)
:eG GDdG
:() YG e Sj ( CG ) YG e IQY c U
()

( CG )

FdGh G e hQj e KCG - d jb QM c ` 1

ffEG IdG - G Hh Tg H UM ` 2
dW HCG T a dG a hUG cCG ` 3
jObGh YLG - dG QSCG Y dG Y ` 4
dG GQhCG G IT e - IgG f EG GM H M aO ` 5
113

`````dW HCG I````ah

a pr dG
u n pe ` Y sdG VQ ` o jN IdG On Y
,psdG Ap GYCG pgh ,psdG p H p n n dG IjpT ,As Mp CG ppcr en
,kn pcS nfc en H o fGL r s n gr Gh Qp Gq dG a oIn dG r Hs n an
.kn p reo fc en H nbTCGh
,n r pfjo ,dEG oJs p eo h peDr oG u CG o jU Yn SCGh
,pb nY Qn hdG rNp r jo h ,n rMp jo h ,pen dH
s n r u n jo h
p pIn r n dG pd m nKnCG s c gpQU
.pn pJdG pn SdG
n pe nOr o rjn h
,p G e n Y jpaGdGp o pH Qo Gs dG (1) p Ln ehn
o SdG uJn jo ,ppndG pGB odG jBH oJGUGnC (2) o h
n n nJ
tn r nJh ,Yk No go jpnJh n dG t o nJ mn Np Qn mGUCH ,gjs GE h
.dG o r jn On c jp sdG ,pQdG pb Y k K GQk U
o
,F`` `s Mp CG EG ` Y dG VQ ` jN IdG n Ln Qh
,t n ` r jn h Dho `` V t n ` `j isdG ,p``SEG Qp `` H p n ` ` n dG nIjp` `Tn
.pLp GnGh Op hdG
t e en eCG Qo GTr nCG o p jo e (3) objn
.G e HVGh MORG (1)
.OO``````````````J (2)

.jW a j (3)

114

,k ndCGh kfr Mo , gQp GO a (1) p pHb oJCG er Gh m nd HnCGh

mY Ln j N Qn GO No r jn go h peDr oG ndEG G o jn
ej
n r cn h ,`pH `e pIs `T e jr n `pgS s` njn h ,m`YL
,ppJQn L pH e op n r nJ p pndG pBGr o dG o jBGh ,pGs p n r jn hCG
p Jh
!?kpJb ek Sp Yp SCG EG o n
n jN Qp GO EG pG ojn ,pr Hn p Sn n a nd bh
n
Qp Gs dG a Qn dG n n Tr nCG r nd o r pe w c Ot n j ,k n p n r eo mG f
.(2) nY r nJnCGh r n n n da
,mjr n bo (3) in r eo EG md HCG n nrfG ,o dG n UCG s a
p jn
j ,pjpdG
s pQn nCG e ndf pnp r nJ r Yn h ,Gk p nJr eo o
:mn a ap nr d
!?jpjr GnC e o eu dG n p r jo M o n
r fGnC ?dG jCG f e EG
n r ndh ,k r Mn h GQk
n Mp h ,n pFTn h Hk Sp o p dG po jn
!p Np nCGp r dG
s o Z n go
.k T e J (2)
.````````````` (1)
.hQhjh a Kj idG dG gh ,iOdG (3)

115

!?o op J n pan ,is o dG n Y j n Np CG Hr G Gk s p nd `

:kpFnb ,pndG e mIT a o j n Lh ,Lo pg s n Ta
r
n r Hn n r jn h ,nndG
u p gn r nnbh ,nHn GndG n J (1)rn
n a`
! (3) l n Sn h (2) l nn f m
n Hh
a kpFb n n n fG ,mdW pHCG Np nCG EG n nnf o LdG nd s nan
:(4)mIs Mp
e n r Hn h pr Hn e o nb ! Np nCG r o jn ! n pdn cn mdW HnCGh `
! o r Tp e Go n Ua
r ,mp LCG
Ln Nn sfCG nhr n nJ nCG !t n r nJ K t n r nJ sdG Qn dG p gn Go p rWnCG
!!gp Z EG n e e
g`u n jo h ,ppFdG Y f V
o r jn Gk sCG Ghn nJ r CG
!?dEGp gs o jn rCG phjo h ,pjpH
sfEGp !?meo r pe in jn e n enCG ,k pcS mdW HCG s M r ghn
!n aBG s o jn h n j CG pjpd Ot n jn h ,o u n jo h ,ocQp jo
.``````````HGb (2)
.I```````````T (4)

116

.````````b (1)
.```````````p U (3)

Nn Oh ,Sn n M sfCG , cQe Y kfgn r Ho op rjn eCG

!?dP n H e nhn r nJ GPna !?n r dG
u n e
pdeh n jN H a (1)o o rjn ,o dG jt CG n n cCG An GdG s d
!ndr Mn r en h
e H
o osfs ojn h , n en o Lu dG jt CG n jN o nr b
!o r pe eo SEGp n Ns nCnJ
p jo s d ,p r jo ,n Hr Gh n dg n Nr oCG nhr n nJ nCG
U
!?njN Qp GO Y p n r jn h ,Gk
p Y r Ns nCn jn ,Gk pgX n SEp Gp No r jn s pe H
n Ghr n nJ CG
n sNo Y n rp o pd ,p sdH pdG
u EG sdG a p tn s dG
!?fn pHr nJ n un jo h
Gk Mp Gh n SEp G Gn n Yr G pb ,nn jpN pNr CG On hr nCG Ghr n nJ CG
!?p
t n s dG s TCG d Go
s n nJh ,Gk Mp Gh
p fnCG
:Gk p nJr eo o j On Y ,Sr
n r Hn nndG en Hh
IhG
jt CG s Yn r jn `
n Yn r ond o p rjo r en H
o ,SdG
o
.``````````````j (1)

117

sfEa ,nd (1)k fo Yo Gf jn r nd rEGp sfEp a ,n jp N r bn pe

.ap Nt dH t o jh ,SEG pa hujo
gn h ,kpY vbO V
n Qr nCG pn pH t o jn n Lh ,ncCG nJU n aQ K
:IT a o j
,gn H o jn Am r Tn t o a , g jRp nCGh n j H GhAo HG `
!p dG Y Gho r nJh ,o js nCG nbp nJ rCG n b GYpSr nCGh
:Ahgo a e l MGh b
!!is o dG n r Yn j mdW pHnCpH frCGHn GPEGp h `
:
k p r eo o j n Lh ,kZ
n (2)nn Sa
h Geo nJ r p d ,o r Tp or Mn GhAo Ha ,pjrCGQn d o r s Hn r bn `
fNDn jo ek j p dG o Np rCJh ,w Lp o er Ca ,GhNs nCn nJ nh GrnJ
!(3)o jpQ r n gn Pn h er n n rfGh l
n n rfG fr Ns nCJ GPEGp h ,kn Sn
GhAo r jn CG nY GnsJG K ,n r Hn An GQBG GdOn n Jh ,GhQh
n n a
:mTr EGp pa pe l Mp Gh n a ,dW pHnCH
.```````Jb YV (3)

.Y Z TG (2)

118

.`````````SGL (1)

p n en pa o dG jt CG md W HCG G Yo On `
f jo sfE a , V
e n jCG p gn H (3)s ndCG e n en Sjo h ,(2)n n pgoG n Nn r dG
s
iQn nCG h ,An Hn h s gn GYp o
n Jh dEG Ggn r nJ .!ppn dG Ap Gs dG
.Gk nZ hnCG n r ndGm Ve fCG sEGp
mdW HCG Gop r jo CGn Y jo CGr Q s n SG K ,hQh
n jn GhOo a
rbCG es Ea ,m p eCG a Wp jo rnCGh ,ikPnCH t n jn h
eEGp h ,n Hh n H sNn h ,n j e n
n nf es EGh ,pjOp Yp ho dH
.k e r nYn oGhn o dG gh dP n H e s n en dG o pdsdG
r ndEGp Ggn n an ,mdW pHnCG EGp H
n GSn Qr nCGh ,Gs n n jn h
p r jo x Mn EG n e Go
p jn na ,m p eCG a KOn Mh
,pV
eh ,u dG
s e pfYo pa e inCGna ,n e o SdG ch
,pQGO EG gn Ph gn H n a ,pIn r n dG e pJG UC
r G a
.p Sn eh inCGQ a uj k peU nLn h
IdG Y n bnCa ,n r dG
s n WCGh ,Gk H prp pH n Sh
n
a dbh ,mSH mLhh
n mFn Op gm rn pH ` Y dG VQ ` jN
:mbQ mU
(1)

.````````````f (3)

.````G (2)

119

.```````Sj (1)

n dG pe n fh ,n dG s gn nCG GPe !?pqdG n SQ j pH GPe `

!?iQn nCG c
!ojN j mdW HnCG `
,nJahn hp n j Qo o dGh ,pr n `dG Y
l p r eo mdWHnCG
!(1)m nf e jn d e s c nY Gt
o n pd
o p r jo m n Sn pe dnP n H r gh ,o jN j s gn nCG e G g
!?(2)
r jo h
:mn p d mn r n pH ndb
p jn na ,pqdG n SQ j r nY ru gn `
r jn e EG G
Y n rjn n Wp dG n o r jn r ndh ,pqdG n SQ j en o qdG ,Gk Hn CG
!u G
!cpor G pcn nr dh Qn f o q dG t po Sn
,o Ln nCG (3)paGjo
n M ,Hu Q An Gpf u no Sn mdW HCG nc GPEGh
!t Mn nCGh ibCn G mdW pHCG t n an
dG TCG oj (2)

.```````jJ (1)
.``````````````````JCj (3)

120

e pa c e ndEG k jS On Y K .Vp
k Q nT Lfa
,mdW HCG gn u S n e EG r jn (1)Yp s dG n bnCG r a,pn nGh u n dG
p
r Mp e Gk c k cr Qo snCpH s Mn nCG r bn h ,pSdG Qo r U
n
n n n rfa
n ro pd ,n Ufh
Hs Qn idG u Y EG pgdH n SCGh ,s n rfG b
n

(2)

:mjT mMo a o j gh ,nINCG nI rs dG Y

!ojN j po Z n r jn `
M ,pJM a n Qjh ,gpr Yo a s o jn rnCG sdG Yr jn n Nn nCGh
p jo h ,sc ft dG t o jn pqdG n jOp inJ
.pgs dG
n pQp H o
gn Lhh ,u dG
s Y IRQH m job n rfnCG in j e ch
k Wp f pJn bn h ,mp Nm pHr nJ e pH b a kIQp r eo
:mMn GU
n a nJ ,(3)pnJdH
s
p f n e `
o pr nf
n Sh ,njN o Z n r jn h ,o j o n
a o n nJh ,mdW pHCG n H Y o p n r nJ sdG n n pfsdG n en Yu dG p g
.j idG G VG :G (2)

121

.G H G (1)
.ndG dG (3)

 ip sdG ,pnoG u n dG a
o p dG
s Qo
r o dG o n jn c ,jpjnCG
!pe n pa
M ,mdW HCG pe Y l b p r jn a ,n bs nn J e ch
V
o jn t dG n NCGh ,ocr nG ps n TGh
r ,u dG Qo o of n Hn
o p oJ pfH ` Y dG VQ ` o `jN I`dGh (1)`gQn p Z
.UJh
o jh ,kpTG gQo f o jpnJh ,kITp o cG Oo GOr nJ m j t ch
.pr o dGh pIn nr dG e l jLn lnr d a
n jNn e t
o s dG nY o s n n jn sfnCpH Qn dG o pjo m j t ch
.me pe Gsn jn rnCG ho jpjo Gfc GPEGp

.``````gFGT (1)

122

dG Gg QK e

e c YEG QKCG S QG e G hN
e G a GhCGQh jG j d H e Q c
HH dJGh U Y J Ie QG
.eSEG GYCa
.HUh Ibh fEG G jJ FGdGh eRCG
L d ` ` Y dG VQ ` ` jN IdG gCG M
c e j e M HUCGh Gk hfj
.G Yj
fCG e ZdG Y d Y cCG dG Y dW HCG c
.eSEG j

123

```````bG
:j e cCG :hCG GDdG

Leh dG H ....QG e jN IdG OY ( G )

.G H .....
IOY H M a d ....... JCGeGh ...... b ()
.QG e G
H .... h .... J LGe CG d HCG iCGQ (`L)
.NCG dG GSG
CG eCG () eYh GdG eCG () eY V

:fdG GDdG
:j a

(
(
(
(

NCG HGh dW HCG NCH U d HCG b ( G )

.
)
H a j cCG AGdG CG ij d HCG c ()
.dW HCG
)
.hfj h Gk jN b Wb (`L)
)
.SEG jN NCG OhCG YG ( O )
)
124

:j a dG H :ddG GDdG

.FdG Y f VY ( G )
.jN IdG H jb CGJ CG jj d HCG c ()
:SdG H dG HLEG J :HGdG GDdG

:dW HCG Gcj CG cG H W ( G )

(Jbh d ` Gk d ` NTh V)
: eCG a dW HCG jb WN M ()
( Gj ` gOWh gf ` JGO gYh)
e S j ( GC ) YG e IQ Y c U :eG GD dG
:() YG
()

( CG )

G Y TCG dW HCG C dW HCG e QdG fG ` 1

MCGh ibCG dW HCG t a - dW HCG IaH SdG S M ` 2
SdG QU fG - jN Y a dG CG SdG YO ` 3
SdG M ` 4
G jJ GYd HQ AGf dW HCG d GPEG ` 5
j dG jO iJ M -

125

`````SCGh GOh
p SQn nY ` Y dG VQ ` n jNn IdG
o r Nn s n TG
r
pe pH o nJ a oWnf On Ga ,go GPnCGh
n cpor G pe pqdG
pu nWhp dGp pbH ,Op GD ao pp r nJh ,pJSGeo h ,p nfhn eo
.pdG
o b c a ,gpYo e
n u dGh
u n pedG sCG sfCG n eh
pIH s jh ,Ep G Op H p
o r jn ,(1)Jb pjr Qn a Hv T
,ndSQ s poJ M oJM s n r nJ rnCG Lr jn o SdGh ,pn dG
n pgoJh ,pqdG n f inJ M oIG p g n nJ CG Lr nJ n gh
p J n gh ,nIdG dG
n X r nJh ,ft dG n fGL Ao o
n
p
.dGh
p dG
On GR Ss d Ak GjGE p h kfn r oW cp G On GR s ch
H en s J sch .Y gpr cn Ou Qn a S
k Mn h ,nY kbTr EGp
.Y oYh ,nd t Mo h pH p SdG o tJ On GR ,t dG
u
.dG jr Qn eh ,dhCG AT c jr Qh ,dhCG (1)

126

n nr J sfnCGh ,n n rfG pbn n ndSpQ snCG t ojn o Ss dG p j h

p ,nGr nG k cpQJ ,Hu Q Qp GLp EG
a o Vo
n J cpG o Sh
p
pcd GOk Gr pSG
n H pnUdG
r (2) n oJ o p SCr Gh ,(1)u p dG
.pjOp h p SdG
n Hh
p r n Sn sfnCG t ojn r j
oco r nJh ,dW pHCG n H k jS
.gGSp d r o jn r ndh
,n qdG GYo r jn ,s p n reo m d n GP r n pdL fc r n an
,pSEp G n dJ pGcGn jn h ,BGdG pGAjh ,pfGp r jn h
,(3)gGYr G Qm oH n n Th
n ,gpn Ln a ipnr J mIn Yr p pH MC
s G
:mM a db K ndG pdWnCGh ` ` p SdG EG n a
dh ,Gk HnCG pqdG Qn f Gp rjo r nd !pqdG n SQ j o qdG o
o r Sn `
.hpadG n p c dh t po Sn r H ,pgGaCn Qn f o qdG n o r jn
a h ,pQodG e Y GHn ` ` o SdG s Mn nCa
s On n n a ,sc Lh
s n j s en h ,mIn Hn mGQTEGp e pec
:dEG n dG Ls hh ,pIQn GG e gpLn a
HUCG (3)

.t ``````` (2)

127

.Sb L ,SGbCG (1)

idG dPh ,o r n nd ip sdG G g e !?o j N j p pH GP e `

!?o r p Sn
,pdG n SQ j l p N lIQGM r Hn :pH e pdoJ gh ndb
gn Sr CGn h ,pVt dG Y fhYh
n ,dEGp n j s n an ,n hnJ rCG on rnJ
nn Ln h ,An p dG Y s Th
n p dG pH n nHn M
n pa n bn n an ,TG
pqdG pjBG pe
k Hn oCGn r jn h ,gpQr U
n nY pn pH o n r jn ,pfH
nd n qdG o nCr jn h ,Sp rCGQn nY On s n o `dG An G o
n jn s oK ,p
n p dG
.pdG pPr EpH (1)l Fn Qp H sfCG Y o p r njo h ,n Lp dG An ndG
u
n rYn h ,n pH n jn Yp d o onr Jh ,mMn a dEGp o or nJ n gh
p dG Ap Yn n H ,pMn Gs dG e kr pb n No rCj rnCG o Yo r nJh ,nY
:dEG fh Gk tKnCnJ OGORa ,pjdG
M ,pMGdG n W n hPnCG r ndh ,ojN j pfH t nXnCS r Hn `
!Ao dG d s pjn
o jN j puahn oCG
n c !?pMn GpH p Lr nCG e u V
n oCG
n nc
!!?n p n dG sMn
.VdG jGR b U (1)

128

pQGO a o r Lan ,GOk s n eo o ch ,o qdG pH fZCa Gk na o c

!n
r s dGh n jn n p dG
rnf o o Hr nCG
n a ,nLn hr s dGh n Nr oCGh s oCG o jN j pc
!?pp Lr nCG e MhQo hn
dEGp n nnfh ,pet dH Yn nbQn hr n rZG ,o ndCG H s n TG
r GPEan
:mhen mU a n b K ,kjpW
o o n Mr Qh l c p q dG
o rYn h !p pH e o jN j (1)rZn pH `
p
!ln SGh
ndbh ,(2)n sn n nJ CG ndhM
n ,pnC Gh pr oG e pH e GnC Qn GPEa
:mpaN mU a
dh ,pqdG Qn f Gp rjo r d !pqdG n SQ j o qdG n o
o r n S `
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