Heat Transfer Written Exam Open Book January 21, 2005 Instruction: Clearly write down all the assumptions you made. Try all questions. Properties of air: k=0.026 W/mK, a=22.5x10° m’/s, Pr=0.7 Properties of glass: p=2225 kg/m’, c=835 J/kg.K, k=1.4 W/m.K Properties of tungsten: p=19300 kg/m’, c=145 I/kg.K, k=125 W/m.K. Consider a 60 W incandescent light bulb as shown in Fig. 1a. The tungsten filament has a length of 0.8 m and a diameter of 40 wm. It is wound helically with an average diameter of 1 mm (Fig.1b) and a total length of 3 cm. ‘The tungsten wire is suspended between two electrodes and is situated inside an evacuated spherical glass enclosure. Neglect conduction heat loss through the two electrodes. Answer the following questions: L Approximating the tungsten filament as a gray body with an emissivity of 0.25. For this problem, you can assume that the wires are wound closely and can approximate the filament as a tube of diameter 1 mm, length 3 cm, and an emissivity of 0.25. Estimate the temperature of the filament. Discuss whether the filament temperature is higher or lower than your estimation, if the detailed helical structure of the filament is considered. 2. The glass enclosure absorbs 6% of the light emitted by the tungsten filament, and it re-radiates to the ambient at long wavelengths. The emissivity of the glass at long wavelengths equals to 1. Estimate the glass sphere temperature and the combined convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient around the sphere. 3. For this question, assume that the glass temperature you get is 60 °C and the combined radiation and convection heat transfer coefficient outside the glass is 5 W/m*K (these are only a hypothetical numbers, not the answers for question 2). After the power is turned of, estimate how long it takes for the glass to cool to 40°C. 4, For this question, assume that the tungsten filament temperature during operation is 2500 °C (again, this is only a hypothetical number, not the answer for question 1). Afier the power is tumed off, estimate how long it takes for the tungsten filament to cool to 1000 °C?fi lent 1mm TTATTTTE a — 41 rim 'ungsten wire ce diameter 40 wm 75mm Fig. 1a Fig. 1b