Trang 1

LI NI U
Trong x hi thng tin v truyn thng hin nay, cng vi s pht trin
mnh m ca cc ngnh cng ngh khc v s bng n v kinh t l s pht
trin khng ngng ca cng ngh vin thng.K thut vin thng hin nay ng
dng hu ht cc kt qu nghin cu tch cc trc trong lnh vc vin thng
v ngy cng hon thin hn, n gn nh ng dng hu ht cc c s l thuyt v
thng tin s. S ha v truyn dn tn hiu dng s l mt phng php tng hiu
qu truyn dn v gim thiu sai st thng tin do tc ng ca nhiu so vi thng
tin tng t, ng thi ph hp vi cc h thng x l ngy nay ly c s tc
v hiu sut lm nn tng nn cc d liu dng s c s dng.
Trong cc phng php iu ch s chng ta phi nhc n phng php
iu ch kha dch bin(ASK: Amplitude shift keying), n l mt phng php
c bn nht v n gin nht tin hnh iu ch mt tn hiu. N l nn tng
trc tin cn nghin cu c th nghin cu thm cc h thng khc cao hn.
ti l mt vn c trong vin thng c nhm ng dng vo vic truyn d
liu thoi. ti nghin cu ng dng k thut ASK truyn d liu thoi.
Tnh hnh nghin cu trong v ngoi nc:
Hin nay cng ngh vin thng th gii t n mt trnh cao vi vic
khng nhng truyn nhn tn hiu thoi m ngi ta c th truyn cc tn hiu hnh
nh, phim nh cng nh bt k mt d liu no m ngi ta c th s ha vi tc
cc cao ln ti hng Mhz vi cng ngh di ng v ln ti hng Ghz nh cc
h thng truyn dn chnh nh viba s.
Vic iu ch tn hiu truyn i trong khng gian khng ch n thun l iu
ch bin c xa m l cc h thng phc tp kt hp c iu ch tn s, pha v
bin t c hiu qu cao nht.
Tuy nhin u l thnh qu nghin cu ca cc nc pht trin, cn vi Vit
Nam cng ngh di ng vn ch dng mc ng dng ch cha t ti trnh c
th nghin cu to ra mt cch thc, mt l thuyt mi hay xy dng mt h thng
thng tin.
Do vy, vic nghin cu cc cch thc iu ch c bn cng nhm lm tin
cho vic nghin cu tm hiu cc h thng phc tp hn, ng thi cng l
cch ngi nghin cu c th ny sinh t nhng tng mi.

LI CM N

Trang 2

Nhm thc hin ti xin gi n ton th qu thy c trng i Hc S

Phm K Thut Tp.HCM ni chung v qu thy c khoa in - in t ni ring
li cm n chn thnh nht. Qu thy c truyn t cho nhm nhng kin thc
chuyn ngnh cng nh nhiu kinh nghim qu bu l nhng hnh trang rt cn
thit cho nhm bc ra trng v cng tc sau ny sau gn 5 nm gn b vi
trng.
c bit nhm xin gi li cm n su sc n TS. V Minh Hun hng
dn cho nhm rt tn tnh trong sut thi gian qua cng nhng li ng vin,
khch l gip nhm vt qua thi im kh khn. Nhng ti liu b ch cng
nhng li gp qu bu gip nhm hon thnh n ny.
Cm n tt c bn b, nhng ngi ng gp kin v lun ng vin
gip nhm hon thnh n ny.
Xin chn thnh cm n.
Nhm sinh vin thc hin
Trn Hi Sn Trn Nguyn Tr

MC LC

Trang 3

LIT K HNH

Trang 4

LIT K T VIT TT

Trang 5

TM TT
Ni dung nghin cu:
nghin cu cch thc truyn tn hiu v tuyn, nhm tin hnh nghin
cu s truyn nhn tn hiu thoi vi hnh thc iu ch n gin nht l iu ch
bin ASK. Nghin cu cch thc mt tn hiu ting ni c iu ch v truyn
i trong khng gian, t gii iu ch khi phc li tn hiu ting ni
truyn i v a ra loa.

Trang 6

ng thi vi vic nghin cu xy dng h thng truyn nhn trn, mc

ch ca vic nghin cu cng nhm kim chng cc c s l thuyt v iu ch,
m ha, thu pht, khuch i tn hiu t pht trin cc h thng tt hn v
sau nu c c hi.
Cng vi cc mc ch nghin cu tm hiu kin thc l vic nhm thc
hin cng trnh nghin cu rn luyn k nng nghin cu khoa hc, tch gp
kinh nghim cho bn thn.
Phng php nghin cu:
nghin cu mt vn khoa hc lun c nhng con ng khc nhau
tip cn vn . C th tin hnh nghin cu t chi tit n tng th nh cc
cng trnh nghin cu to ra sn phm thi cng, hoc cng c th tin hnh nghin
cu i t ci tng quan n tng ch im ring nh vi cc cng trnh nghin cu
l thuyt.
y, xy dng mch hon chnh, nhm tin hnh nghin cu hot
ng tng khi mt, kim tra vi tng khi ring l thy c hot ng ca
mi khi, t kt hp cc khi v iu chnh ph hp xy dng nn mch sn
phm, tc l i t ci chi tit n ci tng th. Lm nh vy chng ta c th
d dng kim hot ng ca mi khi v d dng khc phc nu xut hin li
C th qu trnh nghin cu:
Giai on u nhm tp trung nghin cu hon thnh cc mch c bn
c bit trong qu trnh thc tp c tnh cht n gin d thc hin.
Tip theo nhm tin hnh nghin cu thc hin vic iu ch v gii iu
ch ASK vi tn hiu mu ly t b to xung vung.
Sau khi kim tra chy n nh vic iu ch ASK, nhm tin hnh nghin
cu vic m ha v gii m PCM s dng IC TP3057.
Cui cng nhm tin hnh nghin cu v xy dng h thng thu pht tn
hiu iu ch qua Anten.
Giai on cui cng l hon thin mch v vit bo co khoa hc.

ABSTRACT

Trang 1

CHNG 1: GII THIU

Nh gii thiu trn, cng ngh nghin cu khoa hc ca nhm i vo nghin
cu xy dng mt h thng truyn nhn tn hiu da vo phng php iu ch bin
ASK. Trc ht l thc hin iu ch, truyn v gii iu ch mt tn hiu t to, tip
theo s i tin hnh iu ch tn hiu thoi (tn hiu ging ni) truyn i, cui cng
l s thc hin truyn v v tuyn (khng dy).
Sau y chng ta s tin hnh i tm hiu s lc v iu ch ASK v vic truyn
tn hiu thng qua iu ch ASK v qu trnh thi cng mch.
1.1. S lc iu ch ASK:
ASK (Ampitude Shift Keying) iu ch kho dch bin : sng iu bin c
to ra bng cch thay i bin sng mang theo bin tn hiu tin tc
1.1.1. Nguyn l iu ch:
Dng cc bit 0 v 1 thay i bin ca sng mang.
S dng mt tn s sng mang duy nht.

Hnh 1.1: Nguyn l iu ch

CHNG 1: GII THIU

Trang 2

Hnh 1.2: Dng sng

1.1.2. Biu thc ton hc:
Tn hiu sng mang:
Vc (t) = cos

(1.1)
Tn hiu tin tc:
1

Vd (t) = 2 + cos 0 t 3 cos 3 0 t + 5 cos 5 0 t..

(1.2)

Tn hiu sau khi qua b iu ch ASK:

VASK (t) = Vc (t).Vd(t)
1

= 2 cos c t+ cos c t .cos 0 t 3 cos c t . cos 3 0 t +

)
(1.3)

Ta c: 2cosa.cosb = cos (a + b) + cos (a - b)

CHNG 1: GII THIU

Trang 3

VASK (t) =

1
1
1
cos c t+ cos ( c 0 ) t+cos ( c + 0 ) t [ cos ( c 3 0 ) t +cos ( c + 3 0 ) t ]+
2

(1.4)

1.2. Gii iu ch:

C 2 phng php:
+Kt hp: mch phc tp nhng c kh nng chng nhiu tt.
+Khng kt hp: mch n gin thng s dng trong mch tch sng hnh
bao.

Hnh 1.3: S v dng song gii iu ch ASK

1.3. u im v nhc im:
u im:
+ n gin: Dng 2 bin khc nhau ca sng mang biu din 0 v 1,
s dng mt tn s sng mang duy nht.

CHNG 1: GII THIU

Trang 4

+ Phng php ny ch ph hp trong truyn d liu tc thp ( 1200bps

trn knh truyn thoi )
Nhc im:
+ D b nh hng bi nhiu.
+ Khng ph hp i vi cc tn hiu c truyn trong cc knh truyn
yu cu tc cao.

1.4. S khi truyn nhn tn hiu s dng iu ch ASK:

VASK(t)

BP
F

LPF

PSTN

Vd(t)
(tin
tc)
Vc (t)

Vd(t)

Vc (t)

(sng

Hnh 1.4: S khi

Nguyn l:
+iu ch:
Tn hiu tin tc trc khi iu ch c a qua b lc thng thp loi
b cc nhiu tn s cao.Sau tn hiu c iu ch bin vi mt sng mang
nh mt b nhn.Tn hiu sau khi iu ch c cho qua mt b lc thng di
ly di thng ca ca tn hiu cn truyn i, tit kim bng thng.
CHNG 1: GII THIU

Trang 5

+Gii iu ch:
Tn hiu iu ch ASK c a qua b nhn tch ly tn hiu cn thu
v loi b tn hiu sng mang. Sau tn hiu c cho qua b lc thng thp
loi b ton b thnh phn nhiu tn s cao.

CHNG 1: GII THIU

Trang 4

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

2.1. S khi ca h thng :
2.1.1. S khi pht:
anten
Khi to
dao ng

Khi iu
ch PCM

Khi
nhn tn
hiu t

Khi iu
ch ASK

Khi
khuch
i cao

Khi to
d liu
s

Hnh 2.1: S khi pht

2.1.2. S khi thu:
anten

Khi thu

Khi
khuch
i trung

Khi gii
iu ch
ASK

Khi
khuch
i m

Khi gii
m PCM

loa

Hnh 2.2: S khi thu

2.2.

Thit k v xy dng mch in:

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 5

m bo vic test mch c d dng nhm lm tng khi ring l

v sau khi hon thnh nhm s ghp chng trn cng mt board mch.
2.2.1. Khi to d liu s:
Khi ny c chc nng to d liu tn hiu iu ch dng s d
dng cho vic kim tra cc khi pha sau trc khi thc hin iu ch tn
hiu thoi truyn i.
Khi s s dng ngun dao ng t b dao ng bn b pht a
vo lm ngun xung tn hiu, sau tn hiu s a qua cc thanh ghi dch
(IC 7495), tin hnh dch d liu nh cc Switch a ra dng d liu
s mong mun.D liu y l dng s 8 bit vi cc bit c th thay i gi
tr l 0 hoc 1 ty thuc vo Switch.
Khi ny c thit k gm c 8 led n m t gi tr bit tng
ng vi mi Switch, led sng tng ng vi bit c mc logic l 1 v
ngc li.
Mch d liu 8 bit s dng 2 IC dch 7495 mc ni tip to ra d
liu 8 bit, vi d liu ng vo song song, d liu ng ra ni tip. D liu
ng vo c xc nh bng cch thay i cc switch t SW1 n SW8. IC
7414 cng vi R, C to ra mch dao ng cung cp xung clock cho IC 7493
(IC m nh phn) m, 4 ng ra ca IC ny c ni n IC 7421 (IC cng
AND), khi IC 7493 m 16 xung, ng ra ca cng AND ln 1, tc ng
ln chn s 6 (chn mode) ca IC 7495, chn ny mc 1 s load d liu
ng vo, nu mc 0 n s dch d liu. Ng ra Q A ca IC 7493 c ni
n chn 8 v 9 (2 xung clock dch d liu ca IC 7495), khi chn s 6
mc 0 th 2 xung clock ny tc ng dch d liu ra v d liu s ny l
d liu NRZ n cc, n s c ly ti NRZ data.
IC 7421: l IC gm 2 cng And 4 ng vo cu to nh hnh
di:

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 6

Hnh 2.3: S chn ca IC 7421

IC 7493: chc nng m thp, nh phn
Cu to n gin gm cc Flip Flop JK bn
trong mc nh JK c ni mc cao do FF
ch c th hot ng trng thi lt. Trong
modul NRZ ny IC c th m c th chn
12 ni chn 1 m nh phn 16 trng thi. Hnh
di s r hn

Bng 2.1: S chn v chc nng ca IC 7493

Hnh 2.4: S mch in bn trong IC 7493

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 7

Bng 2.2: Bng trng thi IC 7493

IC7495: y l thanh ghi 4 bit, IC c 3 ch hot ng:
Ti song song.
Dch phi khi cp xung (High to Low) vo chn 9 ng
thi chn 6 (Mode Control) mc thp.
Dch tri khi cp xung clock vo chn 8 ng thi ng
thi chn 6 mc cao.
Pin 1: SER l chn d liu ng vo ni tip
Pin 2,3,4,5: l 4 ng data vo D1D4 tng ng vi cc
Pin 13,12,11,10: l d liu ng ra song song QAQD
Pin 6: Mode chn ch
Pin 8, 9: 2 chn cp xung clock
Pin 7: GND ni mass
Pin 14: VCC ni ngun

Bng 2.3: S chn 7495

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 8

Bng 2.4: Bng trng thi ca IC 7495

Hnh
2.5: S mch in bn trong IC 7495

S nguyn l ca mch:
CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 9
J 2

N R Z O U T

3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1

A
B
C
D

U 2

Q
Q
Q
Q

W O R D _ 8 B IT

M O D E

C LK 1
C LK 2

A
B
C
D

9
8

S D I

M O D E

7 4 L S 9 5

9
8

S D I

A
B
C
D
2
3
4
5

N G U O N

C LK 1
C LK 2

Q
Q
Q
Q

U 1
7 4 L S 9 5

1
2

2
3
4
5

J 1

1
2

A
B
C
D

1
1
1
1

3
2
1
0

V C C

B K
M O D E

S W 8

S W 7
R 8
R

S W

S W

D 8
L E D

S W 6
R 7
R

S W

D 7
L E D

M O D E

S W 5
R 6
R

S W 4
R 5
R

S W

D 6
L E D

S W

D 5
L E D

S W 3
R 4
R

S W 2
R 3
R

S W

D 4
L E D

V C C

S W

D 3
L E D

S W 1
R 2
R

S W

D 2
L E D

R 1
R

D 1
L E D

B K
C L K IN
U 3

J 3
2
1
C O N 2

1 4
1
2
3

C L K A
C L K B
R 0 1
R 0 2

Q
Q
Q
Q

A
B
C
D

1 2
9
8
1 1

1
4
5
2

U 4 A
6

M O D E

7 4 H C 2 1

7 4 L S 9 3

Hnh 2.6: S nguyn l khi to d liu s

Cc in tr hn dng c gi tr t 330 - 1K, tng ng vi ngun V CC l
+5V, m bo cho led sng tt v khng b chy.
2.2.2. Khi nhn tn hiu t MIC:
S dng Transistor BJT, kt hp vi 1 Opamp khuch i bin
v iu chnh bin tn hiu nu cn.
Mch khuch i BJT c mc dng cu phn p vi cc E chung,
ng ra tn hiu s c khuch i v dng v p
Opamp khuch i khng o,h s khuch i c th c iu
chnh nh bin tr 10K,c gi tr bin i t 1 n 10 ln ty thuc vo gi
tr ca bin tr.
S nguyn l ca mch:

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 10

IN

IN

GN D

2
L I N EL I2N E 1

L I NL IEN- RE - R

L I N L EI N- L E - L

V C C -1 5 V

VC C 15V

M I C R O 3 ly

M I C R O 6 ly

VC C 15V

VC C 15V

R 1
2k7

R 2
100k

TH A Y C O N 2 = B U S 2 C H AN
J2

R 3
1k5
7
1

Q1
BC 548B
IN

1uF 16V

0 .1 u D C

6
R 6 POT

4
8

C 1

U 1

C 3

GN D GN D

J3
1
2
3

U 2
5

VC C 15V
U 3

O P -0 7

10K

V C C -1 5 V

R 4
33k

R 5
470E

C 2
10uF 16V

R 7
1K

Hnh 2.7: S nguyn l khi nhn tn hiu t MIC

2.2.3. Khi m ha PCM:

C nhiu gii php thc hin vic m ha PCM nh l:
- Thc hin m ha da trn cc IC s thng dng vi cc chc nng
c chia nh nh l ly mu, lng t v m ha, t gom li thnh mt
h thng iu ch PCM. Phng php ny d hiu v d thc hin, d dng
cho vic phn tch mch.Tuy nhin mch kh thi cng, phc tp tn nhiu
IC, d b li v hot ng khng chnh xc nu thi cng khng ng.
- Phng php th 2 l s dng VK d thc hin cng vic m
ha. Phng php ny s n gin nu vic lp trnh tt, vic ng b tn
hiu cng tt hn do ch ly t mt ngun xung Thch anh duy nht. Tuy
nhin yu im ca phng php ny l VDK ch x l c tn hiu s
dng nh phn m tn hiu thoi l tn hiu tng t nn ta khng th trc
CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 11

tip x l trn tn hiu thoi m phi qua khu chuyn i tn hiu t analog
sang digital trc khi m ha v thc hin qu trnh ngc li khi gii m.
T n cng s to ra sai s trong qu trnh chuyn i d liu dn n
lm sai khc tn hiu gc.
- Phng php th 3 l s dng IC TP3057/ TP3054 vi chc nng
c th l thc hin m ha PCM. Vi tn hiu u vo l tn hiu cn m
ha dng analog v d liu u ra l tn hiu c m ha PCM
dng s. IC ny c th cho vic iu ch d liu s dng trong truyn tn
hiu thoi, rt tin dng. IC TP3057 c sn xut theo chun ca Bc M,
s dng xung clock lung 2,048Mhz m ha. Cn IC TP3054 th sn
xut theo chun ca Ty u, s dng xung clock lung 1,544Mhz m
ha.
Nhm nghin cu chn gii php s dng IC c th TP3057 thc hin
m ha v gii m PCM.
S nguyn l mch:

KHOI PCM SU DUNG TP3057

+5V
U 1
C 1
0 .1 u F

4
2

-5 V

C 2
0 .1 u F
+5V

J2
IN _ A N A L O G

1
3
6
5

+VC C

V F XI+

AGN D

V F X I-

-V C C
VFR O
D R
FSR

X
X
X
X
X

GS
TS
FS
D
BC LK
B C L K R /C L K S E L
M C L K R /P D N M C L K

7
8

15

IN _ A N A L O G
R 1

10k

14
13
12
11
10

R 2

10k

8KH Z
O U T_P C M
BC L 64KH Z

M C L 2048M H Z

TP3057

J1

IN A N A L O G
J3
M C L 2048M H Z
BC L 64KH Z
8KH Z

16

1
2
3

+5V

-5 V

J4
1
2
3

O U T PC M

VC C 5V
H EAD ER 3

J5
1
MASS

Hnh 2.8: S nguyn l khi PCM

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

O U T_PC M

Trang 12

Cc t C1 v C2 lm nhim v lc ngun cho IC

- Cc tr R1 v R2 l tr to h s khuch i cho b khuch i u
vo ca IC TP3057.
- Tn hiu analog cn iu ch a vo chn 16.
- Tn hiu s PCM ra chn 11.
- Chn s 9 l chn cp xung clock master cho IC hot ng.
- Cc chn FSX v FSR l chn nhn xung ng b khung cho vic
m ha v gii m.
- Chn VFRO l chn d liu analog ng ra khi thc hin gii m
PCM.
- Chn DR l chn d liu PCM ng vo cn gii m khi phc
tn hiu gc.
- Chn s 7 BCLKR/CLKSEL c chc nng nh bng sau:
TABLE Selection of Master Clock Frequencies
BCLKR/CLKSEL

Clocked

Master Clock
Frequency Selected
TP3057
TP3054
1,536Mhz
2,048Mhz
or
1,544Mhz
1,536Mhz
2,048Mhz
or
1,544Mhz
1,536Mhz
2,048Mhz
or
1,544Mhz
Bng 2.5: La chn tn s

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 13

- Chn s 8 l chn nhn xung master clock cho vic gii iu ch

khi tn hiu vo chn ny l xung, nu c c kt ni ln mc "1"
lin tc th power down thit b, khi kt ni lin tc ln mc xung
mc "0" th n s ly xung master clock bn pht lm master
clock cho bn nhn.
Mt IC TP3057 c th ng thi thc hin cng vic m ha v gii
m PCM bi v hai khi ny c thit k ring l trong cng mt
IC, khng nh hng g n nhau.
2.2.4. Khi to dao ng:
to ra ngun dao ng n nh cung cp cho cc khi trong h
thng, nhm thc hin chn phng n dng mch dao ng Thch anh.
Tinh th thch anh to ra dao ng vi n nh cao v t b nh hng
bi yu t bn ngoi.
Mch dao ng gm mt tinh th thch anh 4Mhz kt hp vi cc
cng o v cc t, in tr to ra xung clock c nh c tn s 4Mhz.
Ngun xung clock ny s c cho qua IC chia tn CD4040 m ly cc
tn s ng ra mong mun.
Ng ra chn s 9 l xung clock tn s 2,048Mhz lm xung master
clock cho PCM, cc ng ra chn s 2 (64Khz) l xung bit clock v chn s
12 (8Khz) l xung FSX cung cp cho PCM.
Ng ra chn s 6 l xung tn s 512Khz s c a n mch lc
PI to ra dng sng sin lm sng mang iu ch cho mch iu ch ASK.
Mch lc PI gm 2 loi linh kin th ng l t v cun cm nhm
hiu chnh xung vung thnh dng sng sin d dng cho vic iu ch
ASK.
S nguyn l mch:

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 14

Hnh 2.9: S nguyn l khi to dao ng

2.2.5. Khi iu ch ASK:

iu ch ASK l nhm bin i bin ca tn hiu sng mang theo
dng ca tn hiu tin tc. iu m ta mong mun chnh l truyn tn hiu tin
tc i xa (c dy hoc khng dy). Tuy nhin vi cc tn hiu nm dy
tn s m thanh (tn hiu thoi) th c tn s thp (300Hz - 3,4Khz) cho nn
khng th thc hin vic truyn i xa v tn hiu s b nh hng bi v s
cc loi nhiu cng tp m. Do vy chng ta cn phi nh n mt sng c
tn s cao vt ra khi di tn s m thanh mang tin tc i. Vic ghp
tn hiu sng mang v tin tc c gi l iu ch. C nhiu loi iu ch
khc nhau nh iu ch bin , iu ch tn s, iu pha, Tuy nhin
y ta ch xt phng php iu ch n gin v d thc hin nht l iu
bin.
C nhiu cch iu ch bin khc nhau nh s dng transistor, s
dng IC chuyn dng. y, d dng thc hin v m bo n nh,
CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 15

nhm nghin cu chn gii php s dng IC iu ch chuyn dng l

IC1496.
S chn IC1496

Hnh 2.10: S chn ca IC 1496

o
o
o
o
o

Chn 1, 4: tn hiu ng vo tin tc.

Chn 2, 3: hiu chnh khuch i.
Chn 5: Bias.
Chn 6, 12: ng ra.
Chn 8, 10: ng vo sng mang.

Hnh

2.11:
S khi MC1496

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 16

S nguyn l mch:

C3
101

470

J10

R 13

1
2
3

470

U1
R 14

8
10

330K

C IN +
C IN -

Q5

-1 5 V

+15V

J8

1
4

R 17
10K

1
2

14

C1
D ATA

1
2

J4

0 .4 7 u F

Q1
B C 548
R 28
10K

-1 5 V
R7

R6

R 10
C A R R IE R _ IN

-1 5 V

Q4

BC 548

M C 1496

R4
6K8

R 19

-1 5 V

1K

+5V

O U TPU T
R 18

R 21

2K

B C 548

470
R 22

470

R 20
4K7

R 11

Q2

10K

1
2

B C 558
R 23
2K2

Q3

+15V

R5

J9

BC 558

470

10K

O U TPU T

C A R R IE R

5K1

Q6

12

S IG IN + O U T S IG IN -

+15V
D A T A _ IN

O U TP U T

O U T+

VC C 5V

R9
470

1K

VEE

+5V

R8
470

R3

R 16

+15V

2
3

4K7

V C C 15v

-1 5 V

D A TA

R 15

C A R R IE R

GAD J
GAD J

J3

B IA S

1
2

+15V

-5 V

+15V

0 .4 7 u F
C2

1K

BC 548
R2

R 12
10K

1K

R 24

R1
5K1

10K

-5 V

DIEU CHE CAN BANG

Hnh 2.12: S khi iu ch ASK

Mch bao gm mt b khuch i vi sai 4 transistor trn da trn
b khuch i vi sai tiu chun vi ngun dng i. Cc thu ng ra c
ghp cho m dng sng y c cn bng khi php nhn ca 2 tn
hiu in p xy ra. l tn hiu ng ra l mt thi hng ca php nhn 2
tn hiu ng vo.
Cc transistor v in tr, t in mc thm bn ngoi l nhm
iu chnh dng sng iu ch cng nh h s iu ch.
IC 1496 c dng nh l b iu ch cn bng. Tn hiu NRZ
iu ch th c kt ni ti chn 1 qua transistor m BC548B.
IC ny c hai ng ra lm vic nh b iu ch cn bng. Ng ra
th hai c th c kt ni vi chn 4 qua transistor m BC548B.
CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 17

Tn hiu sng mang m tn th c kt ni ti chn 8 qua t

ghp t b dao ng sng mang m tn.
Nhng ng ra c iu ch c c chn 12 v 6 ca IC ny,
sau c khuch i cn bng bi cp transistor BC548B v BC
558B.
Ng ra iu ch cn bng cui cng c xc nh ti ng ra.
Bin tr 10K c sng mang cn bng trong khi bin tr 1 K th
c tn hiu m tn ng vo cn bng.
t trc ng ra 100K iu chnh mc 0 DC ng ra. Bin tr
ng ra 2K thay i mc (bc) ca tn hiu iu ch ASK.
-5 n +5V DC c xc nh bi ng ra th 2 ca b iu ch
cn bng a vo sng mang ng ra ASK.

2.2.6. Khi khuch i cao tn:

Tn hiu sau khi iu ch c tn s ca sng mang c th truyn
c trn knh truyn khng dy. Tuy nhin cng tn hiu th cha
v n s b suy hao gn nh hon ton nu nh khong cch xa v vic khi
phc l s rt kh khn. Do vy, ta phi tin hnh khuch i cng sut pht
i tn hiu pht i c cng sut ln truyn i xa v bn nhn c th
thu v gii iu ch tn hiu .
B khuch i n gin l dng transistor khuch i cng sut. Phi
chn loi p ng tt tn s cao v cng sut ln.
Cc transistor mc dng phn cc, c 2 tng khuch i: mt tng
mc dng C chung khuch i dng, mt tng mc dng E chung khuch
i c dng v p.
Tn hiu sau khuch i ln b tr suy hao qua knh truyn.
S nguyn l mch:

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 18
+15V

KHOI KHUECH DAI CONG SUAT

R 31

IP
R 26
10k

10n D C

C4

C5

R 32

100E

C6

0 .1 D C

Q 12
BC 547

0 .1 D C

R 29
100K

R 34

100E

5K6

J4

C 7
1

R 28

Q 11
BC 547

100E
R 33
10k

R 30

R 27

18K

4k7

IP

J2

0 .1 D C

An
ten

C ON 1

R 35
1K

+15V

J1

1
2

2
1
CON2

Power

Hnh 2.13: S khi mch khuch i cao tn

2.2.7. Khi thu, khi khuch i cao tn v khuch i trung tn:
Mch vo anten bao gm cc linh kin th ng l in cm v t
in hot ng trn nguyn tc mch cng hng tn s, mch vo s to ra
tn s dao ng ni chnh l tn s ca tn hiu pht. Khi , u vo b
thu, tn hiu pht c cng tn s vi tn s dao ng ni s c thu vo.
Trn y l dng gin lc ca mch thu i tn, tn s pht l c nh nn
mch thu s dng tn s c nh cho n gin.
Mch tin khuch i: L khuch i thu c, bi v tn hiu thu
c c cng rt thp, khng th a i gii iu ch c. V vy, ta
s tin hnh khuch i mc tn hiu ln mt mc ng k.
Mch khuch i trung tn: Tip tc khuch i tn hiu thu c v
iu chnh li ca mch. Vi mt s mch ta c th s dng nhiu lp
khuch i trung tn khuch i tn hiu, nhng y, ta thc hin
truyn nhn gn nn ch cn s dng mt tng khuch i khuch i tn
hiu trc khi a i gii iu ch.

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 19

S nguyn l mch:

MACH VAO ANTEN

MACH TIEN
KHUECH DAI

+5V

+5V

J1
A n te n n a

MACH
KHUECH
DAI TRUNG
TAN
R2
100E

J2
1

R3

CAP NP

150E

VC

U2
1

C1
2

B ie n _ a p _ d o i
103

2
C5
C 182n7 st
3

B1

O U T TO D E M O D

A2
A3

B2

L o i_ t r u n g _ t a n
R4
1K

C6
47n
2

Q 2A
3

C gh
CAP NP

Q 1A
BC 548

C2
4 ,4 7 n

A1

R1
390K

U1

+5V

J3
1
2
VC C 5V

Hnh 2.14: S khi mch thu

2.2.8. Khi gii iu ch ASK:

Vic gii iu ch y s dng mch tch sng hnh bao s dng
Diode, kt hp t v diode thc hin lc b tn hiu sng mang tn s cao,
gi li dng bin ca tn hiu chnh l tn hiu tin tc cn ly.
Sau khi lc ly tn hiu tn s thp th ta s tin hnh a tn hiu
qua mch quyt nh ly li dng sng vung ca tn hiu PCM.
Sng vung ny chnh l tn hiu tin tc c m ha PCM.
Tn hiu ny s c a n mch gii m PCM khi phc tn
hiu tin tc gc (tn hiu thoi)
S nguyn l ca mch:

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 20
VC C +15V

VC C

R 3
2K2

D1

U 1
2
3

OU T

OUT
J2

IN -

7404

LM 311

4
5

C 1
102

R 1
10k

4148

IN +

G N D
VC C +
VC C B
O /B

U 2A

J1

IN

R2
10K

VC C

V C C -1 5 V

J3
1
2
VC C 5V

VC C +15V

V C C -1 5 V

VC C +15V

J5

R 4
10K

1
2

V C C -1 5 V
VC C 15V

Hnh 2.15: S khi gii iu ch ASK

2.2.9. Khi gii m PCM:

Ch n gin s dng cc chn ng ra ca phn gii m PCM ca IC
TP3057.
S mch cng tng t bn mch m ha.
S khi ca mch:

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 21

KHOI PCM SU DUNG TP3057

+5V
U1
C1
0 .1 u F

4
2

-5 V
C2
0 .1 u F

O U T_AN ALO G
IN _ P C M
8KH Z
BC L 64KH Z

1
3
6
5
7
8

+VC C

V F X I+

AGND

V F X I-

-V C C
VFRO
DR
FSR

X
X
X
X
X

GS
TS
FS
D
BC LK
B C L K R /C L K S E L
M C L K R /P D N M C L K

16
15

R1

10k

R 2 10k

14
13
12
11
10
9

M C L 2048M H Z

J2
TP3057
1

IN _ P C M

J1

IN A N A L O G
J3
M C L 2048M H Z
BC L 64KH Z
8KH Z

1
2
3

1
J4
+5V

-5 V

1
2
3

O U T_A N A LO G

OUT PCM

J5
VC C 5V
HEADER 3

1
MASS

Hnh 2.16: S khi mch gii m PCM

2.2.10.Mch khuch i cng sut m tn:

Mch khuch i tn hiu m tn s dng IC TDA2003, khuch i
cng sut ca tn hiu thoi a ra loa.
Mch ng dng ny ly t datasheet do nh sn xut cung cp.
Mch c th khuch i cng sut n 6W.
S khi ca mch:

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 22
J3
1
2

VC C 12v

C2
100uF

C6
100nF

TH AY C O N 2 = BU S 2 C H AN
1

OUT
2

IN -

1000uF

J2

C4
4

10uF

IN +

VC C

U3

C1
1

GND

J1

TD A2003

Cx
1 / 2 p iB R 1 = 3 9 n F
C5
100nF
RX
20xR 2 = 39E

VC C 12v
J4

R1
220E
R3
1

C3

1
2
VC C 12V

470uF

R2
2R 2

Hnh 2.17: S khi mch khuch i cng sut m tn

CHNG 2: H THNG THU PHT TN HIU

Trang 18

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG

PROTEUS
3.1.

Gii thiu phn mm:

Proteus l phn mm h tr thit k v m phng cc loi mch in t. So
vi cc phn mm h tr m phng cc mch in khc nh:
Circuitmaker 2000 ngoi vic h tr thit k mch in th phn mm
cn cho php v v m phng mch s chun xc ti 95% nhng li
b hn ch khi m phng cc loi mch tng t cng nh tng hp
c s v tng t.
Workbench phn mm ny c th linh kin phong ph v c nhiu
thit b o kim tra nh thc t gip ngi thit k d dng quan st
cn chnh thng s ca mch in. So vi cc phn mm khc th
Workbench cho php m phng cc loi mch in (c s v tng
t).
Orcad, Eagle v Protel l cc phn mm h tr v v s nguyn
l v s mch in nhng khng h tr m phng mch nguyn l.
Proteus c th mnh hn hn v cc mt:
Th vin linh kin phong ph.
H tr nhiu thit b o kim tra.
Cho php thit k v chy m phng s nguyn l gm cc mch
tng t, mch s, mch tng hp c s v tng t
Cho php chy m phng cc loi vi iu khin, EPPROM, PIC
H tr thit k mch in.
3.2. Hng dn s dng phn mm Proteus:
3.2.1. Khi ng chng trnh:
Sau khi ci t Proteus, vo Start menu, khi ng isis ca Proteus:

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 19

Hnh 3.1 Vo giao din m Proteus

3.2.2. Giao din chnh:

Hnh 3.2: Giao din chnh

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 20

3.2.3. Cc toolbar chnh:

Thanh s 1:
-Cm 1: to nhanh mt trang thit k, m trang thit k to,lu trang
thit k
-Cm 2: In c trang,chn vng ib ty
-Cm 3: Chia li im trang thit k.
-Cm 4: Zoom linh kin v gia trang,phng to,thu nh, fix trang,zoom
vng tu chn.
-Cm 5: Ct, coppy, paste trang.
-Cm 6: Copy, move, quay, xo linh kin trn trang.
-Cm 7: Ch vng biu tng u,chn linh kin.
Thanh s 2:

1. Cho php chn linh kin sau khi nhn nt P hp thoi DEVICES.
2. Chm im trn trang.
3. To nhn:nhn tri chut ln dy dn v t tn.
4. Text: nhn tri chut v v.
5. To Bus
6. Khng s dng
7. Nhn tri ln linh kin xem edit component.
8. Ngun, t, bus
9. Chn linh kin.
10. Simulation Graph.
11. Tape recorder.
12. Generator: DC, xung, sin,
13. Voltage Probe: ging vn k thng nhng ch c mt u dy, hin s
trc tip.
14. Current Probe: ging ampe k nhng ch c mt u.
15. Dng c o: oscilloscope.vn k AC, DC, ampe k AC, DC
16. V ng 2D.
17. V hp 2D.
18. V ng trn 2D
19. V cung trn 2D
20. V a gic 2D
CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 21

21. Text 2D: nhn tri vo trang va type.

Thanh s 3:
Quay tri, phi, i xng chn ngang dc linh kin trn
hp hin th linh kin.
Thanh s 4:
iu khin Start, step by step, pause, stop qu trnh
m phng.
3.2.4. Thit k mch m phng:

Hnh 3.3: Mch m phng

u tin ta ly tt c cc linh kin cn dng ra hp thoi
DEVICES bng cch nhn vo ch P hp thoi DEVICES, ta s c
hp thoi Pick Devices hin ra nh sau:

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 22

Hnh 3.4: Giao din hp thoi Pick Devices

G tn linh kin cn ly vo Keywords.

Hnh 3.5: Giao din Keywords

Hnh linh kin v s chn mch in s hin ra bn cch khi ta nhn
vo chn linh kin. chn ta nhn OK lc ny trn hp thoi DEVICES
s xut hin tn linh kin chn.
ly linh kin cn thit k ta nhn vo tn linh kin trong hp
thoi DEVICES, dng thanh cng c
thay i cho ph
hp sau sang nhn tri vo trang thit k t linh kin.

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 23

Ta ln lt a cc linh kin cn dng ra trang thit k. Ngun v

t ly ra bng cch nhn vo biu tng
trn thanh cng c s 2, ta sp
xp cc linh kin theo mch nguyn l.
i dy ta nhn vo chn linh kin th nht, di chuyn chut v
nhn vo chn linh kin th 2. sa mt linh kin ta nhn p chut ln
linh kin .
Nh vy ta m phng xong mch hon chnh. chy mch ta
nhn vo nt Start trn thanh cng c s 4.
3.2.5. Kt qu m phng c ca mt s mch trn Proteus:
3.2.5.1. Mch m phng khuch i cng sut m tn:

Hnh 3.6: M phng mch khuch i cng sut m tn

trn Proteus

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 24

Hnh 3.7: Dng sng tn hiu ng vo v ng ra ca

mch khuch i cng sut m tn
Tn hiu ng vo c bin 1V v tn s 1Hz.
Tn hiu ng ra c khuch i ln v c bin l 5V gp 5 ln so vi
bin ca tn hiu ng vo.

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 25

3.2.5.2.

M phng khi thu:

Hnh 3.8: M phng khi thu trn Proteus

Hnh 3.9: Dng sng ca tn hiu ng vo v ng ra ca

mch thu

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 26

Nh b thu thu c tn hiu iu ch ASK c khuch i a

vo b gii iu ch khi phc li tn hiu ban u.
3.2.5.3.

M phng mch iu ch ASK:

Do qu trnh m phng ASK trn Proteus gp kh khn nn
nhm tin hnh m phng ASK trn Matlab phn mm m
phng mch c hc trong chng trnh o to khi vin
thng.
Tn hiu tin tc c biu thc:
2
u= A /2[(2 F 2t)+( A/2)]
(3.1)
Tn hiu sng mang c biu thc:
x=Asin(2F1t)
Tn hiu ASK:
v=x.*u
M phng trn M file:

(3.2)
(3.3)

clear all;
clc;
close all;
F1=input('Enter the frequency of carrier=');
F2=input('Enter the frequency of pulse=');
A=3;%Amplitude
t=0:0.001:1;
x=A.*sin(2*pi*F1*t);%Carrier Sine wave
u=A/2.*square(2*pi*F2*t)+(A/2);%Square wave message
v=x.*u;
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t,x);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Carrier');
grid on;
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t,u);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Square Pulses');
grid on;subplot(3,1,3);
plot(t,v);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 27

title('ASK Signal');
grid on;

Hnh 3.10: Dng sng m phng tn hiu ASK trn Matlab

Tn hiu sng mang c bin 3V, tn s 30Hz.
Tn hiu tin tc c bin 1.5V, tn s 5Hz.
Tn hiu ASK c bin thay i theo tn hiu tin tc. y l trng hp
c bit ca ASK gi l OOK(on off keying).
Khi V(t)=+1.5V th V(ASK)=3V
V(t)=-1.5V th V(ASK)=0V
Trong :
V(t) l bin ca tn hiu tin tc.
V(ASK) l bin ca tn hiu ASK.

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS

Trang 28

CHNG 3: GII THIU PHN MM V MCH V M PHNG PROTEUS