tuT nryTj; jpl;l ciu - 2016

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1. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryprf; Fbaurpd; 20 MtJ epjp
mikr;rh; vd;w tifapy; 2016 Mk; Mz;bd;
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itg;gjw;Ff; fpilj;jikahdJ vdf;Ff; fpilj;j nfsutk; khj;jpuky;yhky; ngUk;
ghf;fpakhfTk; fUJfpd;Nwd;. mjp NkjF [dhjpgjp ikj;jphpghy rpwpNrd
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jiyikj;JtKk; kw;Wk; topfhl;lYk;> midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ntw;wpapidf;
fhzf;$ba tuT nryTj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Kd; itg;gjw;F top tFj;Js;sJ. ehd;
gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak;; xUkpj;j xw;Wikahd Njrpa murhq;fj;jpy; ,yq;if
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ngw;w Njh;jypd; xj;Jiog;GlNd xUkpj;j xw;Wikahd Njrpa murhq;fnkhd;wpw;F
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Mz;bw;fhd,t;tuT nryTj;jpl;lkhdJ>rfy ,yq;ifaUf;Fk; Gjpa nghUshjhu>
kw;Wk; r%f xOq;Ffis cUthf;ff;$baJ.
2. E}W ehl;fspd; Gul;rp vd mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l

2015 [dthp khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjp

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nraw;gLtjw;fhd jilfis ePf;Ftjid ikakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. nfhs;iff;
$w;wpd; rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; ,f;$w;wpy; gpujhd ,lj;ijg; ngWfpd;wd. Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s
rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; jdpahh; Jiwapd; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffSf;F Mjutspg;gJ
khj;jpuky;yhJ KOikahd nghUshjhur;
cWjpg;gLj;JtjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

nrad;Kiwapy;

mth;fspd;

gq;ifAk;

14. Kd;nkhopag;gl;l ,f;nfhs;ifahdJ rPhj

; pUj;jq;fspd; Clhf tpN~lkhf gy
Mz;Lfshf topfhl;lypd;wp xJf;fg;gl;bUe;j muRlik njhopy;Kaw;r
; pfs;
kw;Wk;
rh;tNjr th;j;jfk; Nghd;w eltbf;iffspd; kPJ tpN~l ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ.
,yq;ifapd; th;j;jfr; r%fj;jpd; kPJ Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpapUe;j
fle;j murhq;fj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l kuG KiwfspypUe;J ntspNa tUtjw;Fk;
,r;rPh;jpUj;jq;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;baJ
mtrpakhFk;.
nghUshjhu
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; vjph;T $w Kbahj xOq;fw;w nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffSk;>
xOq;fw;w
eilKiwfSk;
Kd;ida
,uh[gf;~
Ml;rpf;
fhyg;gFjpapy;
fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jNjhL> Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s rPh;jpUj;jq;fSk;> xOq;fhd
nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffSk; vkJ murhq;fj;jpid mt;thwhd vjph;kiwahd
nrad;KiwfspypUe;J efu;tjw;F cjtpd.
15. ,t;thwhd rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd; Clhf cs;ehl;Lg; Nghl;bj; jd;ik> rh;tNjr th;j;jfk;>
KjyPLfs;> jpwd;fs; kw;Wk; vkJ ehl;L kf;fspd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid tpUj;jp
nra;tjd; %yk; rh;tNjr nghUshjhuj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpfs; njhlh;ghf ftdk;

nrYj;jg;gLk;.
NkYk;>
vkJ
mwpit
ikakhff;
nfhz;l
nghUshjhukhdJ r%f ePjpf; Nfhl;ghLfspd; kPJ eph;khzpf;fg;gly;

r%f
re;ijg;
Ntz;Lk;.

16. nghUshjhuj; Jiwapy; khj;jpukd;wp murpay;> r%f> fy;tp> kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk; Nghd;w
Vida gy JiwfisAk;> gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd nghwpKiwnahd;wpid
];jhgpg;gJTk; vkJ jpl;lkhFk;. vdNt jhd; nfsut gpujkh; mth;fshy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l nfhs;iff; $w;wpy; ,t;tplaq;fs; midj;Jk; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
17. Rje;jpuj;jpypUe;J mike;jpUe;j Ml;rp mjpfhuq;fshy; filgpbf;fg;gl;l nghUshjhu
nfhs;iffspid
kPsha;T
nra;tJ
MNuhf;fpakhdjhf
mikayhk;.
rkfhy
epiyikfSf;F toptFj;j Neu;f;fzpa kw;Wk; vjpu;ff
; zpa mk;rq;fis Gs;sptpgu
mbg;gilapy; ntspg;gLj;JtNj nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;fyhk;.
18. ehq;fs; vkJ ehl;bd; gpujhd Kaw;rpahz;ikahd tptrhaj;ij ikakhf; nfhz;Nl
njhlh;rr
; pahf eltbf;iffis vLf;fTs;Nshk;. vkJ nghUshjhuk; fhyk; fhykhf
tptrhaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mike;Js;sJ. ehk; MrPh;thjk; ngw;w xU
Njrj;jpduhf cs;Nshk;. Nkd;ikjq;fpa rdhjpgjp ikj;jphpghy rpwpNrd mth;fspd;
tptrha Jiw kPjhd Gjpa mZFKiwahdJ ,yq;if czTg;; ghJfhg;giltJ
khj;jpuky;yhky;

tptrha

cw;gj;jpg;

nghUl;fis

Vw;Wkjpia

ehbAk;

vLj;Jr;

nry;fpd;wJ. mg;NghJ vkf;F ,yq;ifia tuyhw;wpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s gb fpof;fpd;

jhdpaf; fsQ;rpak; vd miof;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. vkJ mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp
mth;fspd; njhlh;r;rpahd mh;g;gzpg;ghdJ ,yq;ifapd; tptrhag; nghUshjhuj;jpy;
,yhgq;fis mDgtpg;gjw;F toptFf;Fk;.

2016 tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd gpd;dzp

19. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
,t;tuT
nryTj;jpl;lj;jpid
Kd;
itg;gjw;Fmbg;gilahf mike;j gy tplaq;fs; kPJ cq;fs; ftdj;ij<u;f;f
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. 1948 Mk; Mz;by; Rje;jpuk; mile;jjpypUe;J ,d;W tiu
Kjyhspj;Jtthj> Nrhrypr thj eyd;Ghp nghUshjhug; Nghf;Ffis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd;; Clhf ehk; khwp khwp
gazk; nra;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;;.

Rje;jpuk; mile;jjpypUe;J 1977 Mk; Mz;L tiu

20. 1948

Mk;

Mz;by;

,yq;if

gphpj;jhdpah;fsplkpUe;J

Rje;jpuj;jpidg;

ngw;Wf;

nfhz;likahdJ xU kpUJthd khw;wkhf fhzg;gl;lJ vd;gij tpsf;Ftkhf

,Ue;jhy; vkJ nghpa tuyhw;Wg; Nguhrphpah;fSs; xUtuhd Nf.vk;. B. rpy;th
mth;fs; vkJ ehl;il cWjpg;ghL> rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; mikjpf;fhd xU G+Q;Nrhiy
vd;W th;zpf;FksTf;F vkJ ehL mikjpahd xU ehlhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. MapDk;>
,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;dh;> Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhfg; Nghuhba mt;thwhd Vida
gy ehLfspd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd Nghuhl;lkhdJ td;Kiw mopTfs; epiwe;jitahfNt
mike;jpUe;jd.

21. ,yq;ifapd; murpay; tuyhw;wpy;> jw;Nghija xd;wpize;j Njrpa murhq;fj;jpw;F

Kd;dh; ,t;thW cUthf;fg;gl;l xd;wpize;j xNu
Njrpa murhq;fk; vkJ
Njrj;jpd; je;ij fhyk;nrd;w nfsut B.v];. Nrdhehaf;fh mth;fshy; rpq;fs kfh
rgh kw;Wk; jkpo; fhq;fpu]pd; MjuTld; xd;wpize;J cUthf;fg;gl;l Njrpa
murhq;fj;jpidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mf;fhyj;jpy;;> ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhukhdJ> r%f
re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l xU tptrhag; nghUshjhukhf
fhzg;gl;lNjhL> Njapiy> ,wg;gh;> kw;Wk; njd;id Mfpad
gpujhd
cw;gj;jpg;
nghUl;fshfTk;> kw;Wk; gpujhd Vw;WkjpfshfTk; tpsq;fpd. ,ul;ilg; nghUshjhu
KiwikahdJ mf;fhyj;jpy; ehl;L kf;fspd; Njitg;ghLfis Nghjpa mstpy;
g+h;j;jp nra;af; $ba mstpy; czTg; gaph;fisAk; cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy; <Lgl;lJ.;;
mf;fhy fl;lj;jpd; gpujhd nghUshjhur; Rl;bfshf 120 If;fpa mnkhpf;f
nlhyh;fshf ,Ue;j jyh tUkhdj;jpidAk;> xU gpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f
nlhyh;fshf ,Ue;j nghUshjhuj;jpidAk; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;lf; $bajhf cs;sJ.
22. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpd; NghJ nghUshjhu xOq;F tpjpfs; kpff; Fiwthf ,Ue;jNjhL>
me;epiyikahdJ> jpwe;j xU re;ijg; nghUshjhuk; cUththjw;F toptFj;jhYk;>
rh;tNjr
th;j;jfj;jpw;fhd
tha;g;Gf;fSk;;
kw;Wk;
Fiwe;j
kl;lq;fspyhd
Vw;WkjpfSk;> eyd;Ghpj; jpl;lq;fs; kPjhd njhlh;r;rpahd <LghLk; mtw;wpd; jhq;fpf;
nfhs;s Kbahj nrytPdKk; vkJ ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpidNkhrkhd Kiwapy;
ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shf;fpAs;sJ. murpaypdhy; ce;jg;gl;l eyd;Ghpj; jpl;lq;fs; nghUshjhu
RgPl;r
milTfis
vjpu;kiwahd
Kiwapy;
ghjpj;Js;sNjhL>
Njrpathj
gpur;rpidfs;
gy;NtW
tsq;fSk;
jpl;lkplg;glhJ
Njrpakakhf;fg;gLtjw;F
toptFj;Js;sJ> nghUshjhuf; nfhe;jspg;Gf;fisAk; ngUfr; nra;jpUe;jJ.
23. vOgjhk;

Mz;Lfspd;

nghUshjhunkhd;wpidj;;

Muk;gk;

%lg;gl;l>

Njhw;Wtpj;jJ.

fl;Lg;ghLfSldhd>

mt;thwhd

gq;fPl;Lg;

nghUl;fSf;fhd

jilfs;

epytpa fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jtu;fs; mjid epidT $Uk; NghJ mjid muprpj;

jilf;fhyk;
ghz;

(vLj;Jr;

tupir

nry;yf;

(ghzhdJ

$ba

mhprpapd;

gq;fPl;Lf;F

msT

tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUe;jik)

cl;gl;bUe;jNjhL>

toq;fg;gl;lik)> vd;Nw epidT $Wtu;. mJ

Vida mbg;gilj; NjitfSk; gq;fPlL
;

ml;ilfspd;

%yk;

khj;jpuky;yhky;> Jzpfs; kw;Wk;

tiuaiwf;F
; s; ikag;gLj;jg;gl;L

,Ue;jikapdhy; kf;fs; nghUshjhur; Rje;jpuj;jpid miltjpy; rpukk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

mf;fhyg;gFjpahdJ gy;NtW Efh;Tg; nghUl;fis efh;j;Jtjpy; jilfs; epuk;gpa
xU fhykhff; fhzg;gl;lNjhL> fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l me;j AfkhdJ> 1997 Mk; Mz;by;
,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryp]f; Fbaurpd; KjyhtJ epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjpahd
fhyQ;nrd;w nfsut N[.Mh; [ath;jd mth;fs;pd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; jpwe;j
nghUshjhuf; Nfhl;ghLfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l rPhj
; j
; pUj;jq;fis cs;slf;fpa
fhyg;gFjpAld; epiwT ngw;wJ.
24. 1977 Mz;lstpy; vkJ nghUshjhukhdJ 4.1 gpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyh;fisAk; 294
I.m. nlhyh; jyhtUkhdj;ijAk; nfhz;l xU rpW nghUshjhukhFk;. ,e;j Kg;gJ

tUl fhyg;gFjpapy; jyh tUkhdJ ntWkNd 174 I.m. nlhyh; mjpfhpg;igf;

nfhz;bUe;jJ.

1977: Gjpa rpe;jid

25. 1977 Mk; Mz;by; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapd; ngUk; ntw;wpAld; 1977 Mk; Mz;lhdJ
nfhs;ifg;
Gul;rpnahd;wpw;F
toptFj;jNjhL>
,yq;ifapd;
nghUshjhukhdJ>
ngUk;ghYk; xNu ,utpNyNa jpwe;J tplg;gl;lNjhL> mt;thwhd xU Gul;rpia
Nkw;nfhz;l xNu xU Mrpa ehlhfTk; ,yq;if tpsq;fpaJ. fl;Lg;ghLfsw;w jpwe;J
tplg;gl;l nghUshjhu Nehf;fhdJ> ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsh;fSf;F cw;gj;jpj; jpwd;
tha;e;j fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; KjyPL nra;tjw;fhd tha;g;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jNjhL>
mf;fhyj;jpy;
nghUshjhu

epytpa Nrhryp] tiuaiwfis ePf;fp ,yq;if

KiwikapypUe;JtpLgl;L
cah;ej
;
mstpyhd

cs;Nehf;fpa
nghUshjhu

tsh;r;rpnahd;wpid Nehf;fp efu;e;jJ.

26. ,wf;Fkjpf;
fl;Lg;ghLfisf;
Fiwj;jy;>
fld;
re;ijfis
tpLtpj;jy;>
xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l nryhtzp tpfpj Kiwikfspd; mwpKfk;> mur epWtdq;fspdhy;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s tu;j;jf jdpAupikfis ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;> tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghl;L
Kiwikfis ePf;Fjy;;> kw;Wk; muRlik njhopy; Kaw;rpfis jdpahh;kag;gLj;jy;
Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;ditfNs ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jPtpukhd
rPhj
; pUj;jq;fshFk;.

,g;nghUshjhu

rPh;jpUj;jr;

nrad;Kiwapd;

gpujhd

vz;zf;fUthf ve;jnthU murhq;fKk; tpahghuk; nra;tjw;fhd tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl

KbahJ vd;gijAk;> xU ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapd; nghwpKiw jdpahh;
Jiwahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk;

gpujhdkhff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

27. Nkd;ik jq;fpa fhyQ;nrd;w N[.Mh; [ath;jd mth;fspd; mikr;ruitahdJ>

Nkd;ik jq;fpa fhyQ;nrd;w uzrpq;f gpNukjhr mth;fs;> nfsut nuhdp b nky;
mth;fs;> fhyQ;nrd;w nfsut fhkpdp jprhehaf;fh mth;fs;> vdJ nrhe;j
topfhl;bAk;> FUTk; fhyQ;nrd;w nfsut yypj; mJyj; Kjyp mth;fs; kw;Wk;
vOgJfspy;; tsh;e;J tUk; xU murpay; el;rj;jpukhf tpsq;fpa jw;Nghija gpujkh;
nfsut
uzpy;
tpf;fpukrpq;f
Nghd;w
gy
Kf;fpa
murpay;
Gs;spfis
cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. ,t;tpN~l murpay;thjpfs; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;jpid
rpwe;j topapy; vLj;Jr; nrd;wNjhL> nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp Ntfj;jpid Rkhh; 6 rjtPj
ruhrhp epiyikf;F miltjw;F khj;jpuky;yhky; ntspehl;L cjtpahdJ> ghhpa
mstpyhd
KjyPLfspy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
tsh;rr
; papid
cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;
cl;gl;bUe;jJ.
28. 1983 Mk; Mz;by; cUf;nfhz;l cs;ehl;Lf; fytuk;> nghUshjhu tsh;rr
; p Ntfj;jpd;
gpd;dilTf;F XusTf;F toptFj;jNjhL> If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp murhq;fj;jpd;
nghUshjhu tpUj;jpfs; 1994 Mk; Mz;L tiu njhlug;gl;lJ. 1994 Mk; Mz;L
Nkd;ik jq;fpa jpUkjp re;jphpf;fh gz;lhuehaf;fh FkhuJq;f mth;fs; kf;fs;
Kd;dzpapy; ,yq;ifapd; Kjy; [dhjpgjpahf njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhh;.

1994 2001 : kf;fs; Kd;dzpapd; Ml;rpf; fhyk;

29. 1994 Mk; Mz;L Ml;rpf;F te;j Gjpa murhq;fk; Kd;ida murhq;fj;jpd; jpwe;j
nghUshjhuf;
nfhs;iffis
njhlh;r;rpahf
vLj;Jr;
nrd;wNjhL>
muRlik
njhopy;Kaw;rpfis jdpahh;kag;gLj;Jk; nrad;KiwiaAk; Jhpjg;gLj;jpaJ. NkYk;
cs;ehl;Lf; fytuj;jpd; tphpthf;fKk;>Fwpg;gpl;l nghUshjhu ,yf;Ffspd; kPJ
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
jPtputhjpfspd;
jhf;fq;fs;
nghUshjhu
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpidj;
jLj;jNjhL> nghUshjhuj;jpd; ftdj;jpid NtWgf;fk; jpUg;gpaJ. ,jw;Fg; gpujhd
fhuzk; nghUshuj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;tjy;yhky; gaq;futhjj;ij xopg;gjpy;
murhq;fj;jpd; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;JtjhFk;. 2000 Mk; Mz;lstpy;;> ,yq;ifapd; jyh
tUkhdk; 869 If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fis nfhz;l Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijf;
nfhz;l nghUshjhukhff; fhzg;gl;lJld; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp 16.6 gpy;ypad;
If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> Ntiyapd;ikahdJ 10 rjtPjj;Jf;Ff;
fpl;ba ngWkjpapidf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Rje;jpuk; mile;jjpypUe;J Kjy; jlitahf
tsh;r;rp NtfkhdJ 2001 Mk; Mz;by; vjph;kiwahd tsh;r;rp tPjnkhd;wpidg; gjpT
nra;jJ.
2001

2004 Xu; ,U tUl kPs; jpUg;gk;

30. jw;NghJ
gjtpapYs;s
gpujkh;
nfsut
uzpy;
tpf;fpukrpq;f
mth;fspd;
jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPohd If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp murhq;ff; fhyg;gFjpapy;
,t;ntjph;kiwahd Nghf;fpid khw;wpaikj;J kPzL
; k; xU Kiw rhjfkhd
tsh;r;rpnahd;wpw;F
tpj;jpl;lJ.
,t;turhq;fj;jpd;
njhiyNehf;F
gy;NtW
njhopy;Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F tpN~l tha;g;Gf;fis toq;fpaNjhL> Gjpa KjyPLfs;
gytw;iw nghUshjhuj;jpw;F ey;yhl;rpAlDk;> ntspg;gilj;jd;ikAlDk; Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhLj;jJ. Vw;fg;gl;l nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd; %yk; gy;NtW cau; ed;ikfis
kf;fSf;F toq;fpaNjhL> kPz;Lk; xU Kiw ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;ij rhjfkhd
tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;fpw;F vLj;Jr; nrd;wJ.

31. ,t;thwhd ijhpakhd mZFKiwfspd; Clhf gpd;jq;fpa nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Gjpa

cj;Ntfnkhd;wpid toq;fpaNjhL> fle;j Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; Nghjhd ke;jg;
Nghf;Fila nghUshjhu eltbf;iffis rpwe;j epiyikf;F Jhpjkhf khw;Wtjw;F
xU Gjpa mZFKiw <LgLj;jg;gl;lJ. MapDk;> ,f;fhyg;gphptpd; Muk;gj;ij
gpd;tUk; vjph;T$wy; %yk; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
,yq;if fLk; nghUshjhu neUf;fbapYs;sJ. mjd; cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> vkJ

Mokhd gLfld; RikNa

,e;neUf;fbf;Ff;
fhuzkhf cs;sJ. NkYk;>
nghUj;jkhd eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;glhtpl;lhy;> ,yq;ifapd; vjph;fhy re;jjpapdh;
Ntiyapd;ikf;Fk;> Fiwe;j tUkhd kl;lj;jpw;Fk; Kfq;nfhLf;f Ntz;bNaw;glyhk;.
vdNt> ,yq;ifia mopTg; ghijf;F ,l;Lr; nry;y toptFf;fhJ ghJfhg;gjw;fhf
epjhdj;JlDk;> GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l njhiyNehf;FlDk; nray;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. NkYk;
jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s nray;Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;w KbahJs;sNjhL>
nghUshjhuj;jpid rPh;jpUj;j Ntz;bAKs;sJ.

32. nfsut rghehafh;mth;fNs> vdJ $w;wpid kw;WnkhU gf;fk; jpUg;Gtjw;F cq;fs;

mDkjpapid Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd;. Vnddpy;> md;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;litfs; ,d;iwf;Fk;
nghUj;jkhfTs;sJ
vd;gij
fUj;jpy;
nfhs;s
Ntz;bajdhyhFk;.
mjpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s
nrhw;gjq;fspd;
fUj;Njhl;lk;
kPzL
; k;
kPzL
; k;
Muhag;gl
Ntz;Lnkd;gJ vd;gJ vdJ vz;zkhFk;.
33. 2001 Mk; Mz;by; Ml;rpf;F te;j murhq;fk;
,uz;liu tUl Ml;rpapy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f nfhs;if khw;wq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; tpN~l rl;lq;fs;
rpytw;iw mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. mit murpiw Kfhikj;Jt (nghWg;Gr;)rl;lk;>
Efh;Nthh; tptfhu mjpfhu rigr; rl;lk;>njhopyhsu; rl;lj;jpy; Ntiy KbTWj;jy;
kPjhd epYitapYs;s jpUj;jq;fs;, njhopy; gpzf;Fr; rl;lk;> ngz;fs;> ,s tajpdh;>
rpWtu;fs;
kw;Wk;
njhopypy;
mkh;j;Jk;
rl;lk;>
eyNdhk;G
gpujpcgfhur;
rl;lk;Nghd;wdthFk;.NkYk;> Gul;rpfukhd gpNuuizfshf Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Gjpa
kj;jpa tq;fpr; rl;lk;> kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp Kfhikj;Jtr; rl;lk; Mfpa
,uz;L rl;lq;fSf;Fk; mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;dNu ,t;turhq;fkhdJ
fiyf;fg;gl;lJ.
34. mur
Jiw
rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd;
Clhf
nghUshjhu
tiuaiwfis
,Wf;fkw;wjhf;Ftjid ikakhff; nfhz;L ntspehl;L KjyPLfisf; fth;tjw;Fk;
kw;Wk; khw;wPl;L eltbf;iffspd; Clhf nghUshjhuj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.
35. ,k;Kw;Nghf;fhd
gbKiwfs;
murpay;
hPjpahf
gpugy;ak;
tha;e;jitahf
,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> murhq;fk; fl;Lg;ghlhd epjp xOq;FfisAk;> re;ijf;F el;Gwthd
nfhs;iffisAk; Ngzf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,f;FWfpa fhyg;gphptpy; vkf;Fg;
gy;NtW ntspehLfSld; ,ize;J mth;fsJ xj;Jiog;igAk; cjtpfisAk;
ngw;Wf; nfhz;L nghUshjhu tpUj;jpnahd;wpw;fhd Gjpa njhiy Nehf;nfhd;iw
cUthf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf> nghUshjhukhdJ fpilf;fg; ngw;w
KjyPLfspd;; fhuzkhf tpUj;jpAw;w cw;gj;jpj; jpwdpd; fhuzkhfNt kPzL
; k;
tsh;r;rpaile;jNjhL> nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp NtfkhdJ 6 rjtPjkhf mjpfhpg;gjd;
%yKk;> gztPf;fk; 2 rjtPjkhfTk; tPor
; r
; paile;jJ. MapDk;> 2004 Mk; Mz;L
Vg;uy; khjk; ,lk; ngw;w murhq;f khw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l
tsh;r;rpiaAk;> nghUshjhu kWkyh;r;rpiaAk; mila Kbahky; NghdJ.

2005

2014 ,uh[gf;~ Ml;rpf;fhyk;

36. 2005 ,ypUe;J 2014 Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpahdJ tuyhw;wpy;> kf;fspd;
vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; kpfTk; cr;r epiyapy; fhzg;gl;lhYk; mitfspd; miljyhdJ
rhjhuz kl;lj;ijAk; milatpy;iy.
37. 2009 Mk; Mz;L Aj;j KbTld;>%d;W jrhg;jq;fshf ehl;by; fhzg;gl;l Aj;j
R+o;epiyAld; $ba midj;J jug;gpduhYk; fz;bf;fg;gl;l gaq;futhj eltbf;iffs;
KbTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. ,yq;if
kf;fs; midtUk; nropg;ghd kw;Wk;

10

re;Njh~khdnjhU vjph;fhyj;ij vjph;ghh;j;jdh;. Aj;jj;jpd; cr;r fl;lj;jpy; ehl;L

kf;fSf;F jkJ tapw;iwf; fl;bf; nfhs;Sk; gb Ntz;bf; nfhz;l Ml;rpahsh;fs;
fl;il mtpo;gg
; jw;F vt;tpj khw;wj;ijAk; nra;atpy;iyvd;gJ njspT. mjpfhpj;J
te;j fld; Rikapd; fhuzkhf ehl;bd; nghUshjhukhdJ> ehSf;F ehs; kpfTk;
,f;fl;lhd epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Ml;rpahsh;fspd; ifahl;fspdhy;
tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;gl;l Nfhagy;]; epahaj;jpD}lhf nghUshjhur; nrhy;yhl;rpfs;
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;lJky;yhky;> Ml;rpahsh;fspd; Gfo;ghLgth;fspd; %yk; ,yq;if
vDk; ehL Kd;Nehf;fpr; nry;y KbahJ gL ghjhsj;Jf;Nf nrd;wJ. vt;thwhapDk;>
[dthp 8 Mk; jpfjp ,f;Fkpop ntbj;J khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
38. 2009 Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyg;gFjpahdJ ehl;by; midj;J kf;fsplj;jpYk; ,d>
kj> kw;Wk; rhjp NtWghLfs; mfd;W kf;fs; midtUk; xw;wikAld; md;dpNahd;a
ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; el;Gld; $ba xU fhyg;gFjpahf vOr;rp ngWk; vd
vjph;ghh;ff
; g;gl;lJ.mj;Jld; nghUshjhu kPlr
; pAk; vjpu;T $wg;gl;lJ.
39. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
,e;j
,lj;jpy;
ehl;il
kpfTk;
Nkhrkhd
gaq;futhjpfspypUe;J kPl;nlLj;j Kg;gilapdUf;Fk;; khpahij nrYj;JtJ vdJ
Kjw;fz; flik vdf; fUJfpNwd;. Kg;gilapdh; mth;fsJ FLk;gj;jpdh; kw;Wk;
ez;gh;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpahfq;fs; vd;Wk; ehk; kwNthk;. mth;fshy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpahfq;fis mth;fSf;fhf vj;jid epidTj; J}gpfs; my;yJ
Qhgfhh;jj
; epidTfis Nkw;nfhz;lhYk; mjid <L nra;a KbahJ. mth;fspdhy;
ngw;Wj;jug;gl;l rkhjhdk; vDk; ghpir ghJfhg;gJ vkJ flikahFk;. ehk;
ntd;nwLj;j
Rje;jpukhdJ
epiy
epWj;jg;gl;L
ghJfhf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
vt;thwhapDk;> ehk; thOk; cyfpy; fhzg;gLk; mr;RWj;jy;fs; njhlh;ghf kpfTk;
ftdkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mNj Nghy; gaq;futhjj;jpd; khWgl;l Njhw;wk;
njhlh;ghf kpfTk; fupridNahL cs;Nshk;. jdpahh; nfhs;iffSf;Fg; gjpyhf
gaq;futhjj;ij vjph;nfhs;tjw;F vkJ may; ehLfs; kw;Wk; cyfshtpa el;G
ehLfSld; cgha mZF KiwAld; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. ehl;bd; ghJfhg;ig
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; etPd njhopy;El;gkhdJ Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ. ehd; kPzL
; k;
typAWj;Jfpd;Nwd;> ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G vd;w tplaj;jpy; tpl;Lf; nfhLg;Gf;fSf;F xU
NghJk; ,lk; fpilahJ.
40. xU ehl;bd; nghUshjhukhdJ> Ml;rpahsh;fs; njhlh;gpy; ntWk; thh;ji
; j [hyq;fs;
kw;Wk;
Gfo;ghLiffspd;
Kfhik
nra;a
KbahjjhFk;.
ehl;bd;
Rw;Wyhj;JiwahdJ>Kd;Ndw;wkilaj; njhlq;fpaJ. KjyPl;lhsh;fs; ehL njhlh;ghf
rhjfkhd Kiwapy; cw;W Nehf;fp kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp te;jdh;. jdpahh; kw;Wk; nghJj;
Jiw KjyPLfSf;F rh;tNjr %yjdr; re;ijapy; Gjpa re;jh;g;gq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld.
MfNt> ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpahdJ Jhpj fjpahf Kd;Ndw;wkile;jJ. ,J
,yq;ifahdJ eLj;ju tUkhdj;ijf; nfhz;l nghUshjhuk; vd;w me;j];ij
miltjw;F toptFj;jJ. ,r;re;jh;gg
; j;jpy; njd; gFjpiar; Nrh;ej
; jkf;Fr; rhjfkhd
gpuNjr murpay;thjp jdJ ifahl;fSld; Nkw;nfhz;l ehrfhu eltbf;ifapd;
fhuzkhf

ehl;bd;

ew;ngaUf;F

fsq;fk;

11

Vw;gl;lNjhL>

Rw;Wyh

Nkw;nfhz;bUe;j

,uz;L
Rw;Wg;
gpuahzpfSf;F
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
jhf;FjypD}lhf
ehl;bd;
Rw;Wyhj;Jiwf;Fk; <L nra;a Kbahj ,og;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mNj Nghy;> ePq;fs;
midtUk; mwptPhf
; s;> vf;fhuzKk; ,d;wp> rl;l eltbf;iffs; ,Oj;jbf;fg;gl;ld.
,jdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fspd;
ehl;bd;
murhq;fkhdJ
jiyapl;L
rl;l
eltbf;iffs; JHpjg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
41. 2009 ,w;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyg;gFjpapy; fle;j Ml;rpapd; nghJ nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpg;
Nghf;fhdJ
Jhpjkhf
tsh;rr
; paile;jJ
vdf;
fhl;lg;gl;lJ.
vt;thwhapDk;>
,t;tpyf;fq;fs; gpujpgypg;gijg; Nghd;W ehl;bd; ruhrhpg; gpui[fs; ed;ikaile;jjhf
njsptpy;iy. XU Gjpa nghUshjhu iky;fy;iy miltjw;fhd gpujhd RNyhfkhf
fhz;gpf;fg;gl;l tplak; vd;dntdpy;> 2016 Mk; Mz;by;> eLj;ju tUkhdk; vd;w
me;j];ij miltjhFk;. Mdhy;> rh;tNjr fz;ldq;fs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf;
nfhs;if kw;Wk; murpay;thjpfspd; tha;gN
; gr;Rf;fshdJ rh;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;glhikapdhy; fle;j murhq;fj;jpdhy; ,yq;ifahdJ> KjyPl;lhsh;fspd;
cupa tpUg;gj;Njh;thf ,Uf;ftpy;iy ,jdhy;> ,yq;ifahdJ tpahghuk; nra;tjw;F
rhjfkhd ehLfspd; gl;bay; jug;gLj;jypy; gpd;js;sg;gl;lNjhL epiyikAk;
ghjpg;gile;jJ. ehl;bd; mikr;ruit cWg;gpdh; xUth; If;fpa ehLfs; rig
fhupahyaj;jpw;F Kd;G rhFk; tiu cz;zh tpujk; ,Ug;gjhf mr;RWj;jiy
Nkw;nfhz;lijAk; mtuJ cz;zhtpujj;ij KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;F Kd;dhs;
jiytu; ,sePiu nfhz;L te;jijAk; ehl;L kf;fs; fz;L nfhz;ldh;. mJkpfr;
rpwe;j
murpay;
ehlfkhf
,Uf;fyhk;.
Mdhy;>mjd;
%yk;
ehL
kpfTk;
ghjpg;gile;jJ. vjph;ghh;j;j ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; milag;gltpy;iy kw;Wk; el;G
; g;gl;ld.
ehLfspdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gl;l [P.v];.gP (GSP+) Nghd;w rYiffSk; ePff
ehl;bd;
nghUshjhukhdJ>
nkJthf
Xu;
,Uz;l
epiyf;F
,Oj;Jr;
nry;yg;gl;lNjhL> rh;tNjr nghUshjhuj; jilfSk; FWfpa J}uj;jpy; fhzg;gl;ld.
42. Kd;ida

murhq;fj;jpw;F

ehl;bd;

mgptpUj;jpiaj;

jf;f

itj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;F

mtrpakhd cupa rPh;jpUj;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd mhpa re;jh;gg

; nkhd;W
fhzg;gl;lJ. rhpahd J}u Nehf;F> murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu topfhl;lypD}lhf
ehlhdJ cah; eLj;ju tukhd
ngw;wpUf;Fk;. Mdhy; gpioahd

me;j];ij miltjw;F chpa topfhl;liy

nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd; Clhf top

elhj;jg;gl;l murpaypdhy; ,yq;ifahdJ> gy th;jj

; fg; gq;fhspfspdhy; kw;Wk;
KjyPl;lhsh;fspdhy;
iftplg;gl;lJ.
,J
jpiwNrhpf;F
NkYk;
Rikia
mjpfhpj;jNjhL> gy;NtWgl;l Ngupdg; nghUshjhu rkkpd;ikiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
43. ehq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> fle;j murhq;fkhdJ
ehl;bd;
cl;fl;likg;G
trjpfshd
tPjpfs;>JiwKfq;fs;>
kw;Wk;
tpkhd
epiyaq;fis
Nkk;gLj;Jk;
eltbf;iffis
Muk;gpj;jJ.
,jw;fhf
fle;j
murhq;fkhdJ> mjp cah; tl;bapy; fld;fisg; ngw;W mur ngWiffs; njhlh;ghd
tpiy kDf;Nfhuy;fspd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l topfhl;ly;fs; kw;Wk; tiuaiwfis
kPwp
xg;ge;jq;fs;
ngw;Wf;
nfhLf;fg;gl;ld.
nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspy; Fwpg;ghf epjp Kfhikj;Jtk;> eph;thfk;>

12

kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fs; vd;gtw;iw fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sk;

NghJ ,it ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;ij fLikahf jhf;fpd.
44. fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; jpl;lkplg;glhj cl;fl;likg;G trjpfshd mjp Ntfg;ghijfs;>
JiwKfq;fs;> kPJ rPdhtplk; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l mjp $ba tl;bapyhd
gLfld;fs; ehl;bw;Fg; ghhpa gLfld; Rikia Vw;gLj;jpaJ khj;jpuky;yhky;> ghhpa
mstpyhd gLfld; jPhg
; g
; dTfisAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
,e;j mjp nryT $ba
gLfld;fshdJ Kjph;r;rpailAk; gLfld;fis jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf
ePz;l fhy KjyPLfshdJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lNjhL> rpy KjyPLfs; vt;tpj
tUkhdj;ijAk; ciof;fg; Nghjpajhf ,y;iy. ,t;tifahd KjyPLfshdJ
,yq;iff;F khj;jpuk; nghJthd mdhtrpakhd KjyPLfs; vdf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
Vndd;why;> mt;turhq;fj;jpd; fPo; mikf;fg;gl;l tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; cs;Sh;
tpkhdq;fs; $l> jiu ,wf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. `k;ghe;Njhl;il JiwKfk; $l
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;lJ
Nghy
fg;gy;
Jiw
eltbf;iffs;
njhlh;ghf
kj;jpag;gLj;jg;gl;ljpy;iy vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;. mj;JiwKfj;jpw;F
tUk; fg;gy;fspd; vz;zpf;ifAk; FiwT vd;gJ ehk; mwpe;j cz;ikahFk;. vJ
vt;thW ,Ug;gpDk;> mj;JiwKfk; kw;Wk; tpkhd epiyaj;ij epu;khzpg;gjw;F
jPh;khdj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j mur jiyth;fspd; ngah;fshdJ ngUk;ghyhd
re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mtw;iwg; ghh;itapl mq;F Rw;Wyh nry;gth;fSf;F khj;jpuNk
fhzf;fpilf;fpd;wJ.
45. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkf;Fj; njhpe;j tifapy; fle;j murhq;fj;jpy;
Fwpg;gpl;l xU FOtpdNu gyd;fis mDgtpj;jdh;. mjhtJ murpay; ez;gh;fs;
kw;Wk; jiythpd; Gfo; ghbath;fSf;F tpN~l rYiffs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfs; nra;J
nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> gy;NtWgl;l mjpfhug+h;tkhd kw;Wk;
cj;jpNahfg;gw;ww;w
%yq;fspy;
,Ue;J
ehk;
mwpe;J
nfhz;lit
kpfTk;
nfhQ;rkhFk;.; ,it kPjhd tprhuiz nrad;KiwahdJ kpfTk; ePzl
;
fhyk;
nry;yyhk;. Mdhy; fhzg;gLk; rhl;rpfshdJ ahuhYk; kWjypf;f KbahJs;sJ.
Njrg;gw;Ws;s midj;J ehl;Lg; gpui[fsplKk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;tJ vd;dntd;why;>
ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Fw;wthspfspd; Fw;wq;fs; ep&gpf;fg;gl;L cz;ik
epiyehl;lg;gLk;; tiuapy; nghWikahf ,Uf;Fk; gb Ntz;LfpNwd;. NkYk;> ehd;
,r;re;jh;gg
; j;jpy;
jha;ehl;bd;
gpui[fsplk;
Ntz;bf;
nfhs;tnjd;dntd;why;>
ntspehLfspy; ePq;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; gzq;fis ,q;Nf KjyPL nra;Aq;fs;.
,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ehlhdJ> mj;jifa gzj;jpd; mtrpaj;ij Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ.
46. fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; NghJ ehl;bd; thp tUkhd tPjkhdJ> nkhj;j cs;ehl;L
cw;gj;jpapd; tPjj;jpy; njhlh;r;rpahf Fiwtile;J mJ nkhj;j cs;ehl;L
cw;gj;jpapd; tPjj;jpy; 10.2 rjtPjj;ij mile;J ,yq;ifia ,j;jifa nkhj;j
cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpAld; xg;gpLifapy; kpfTk; Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijf; nfhz;l
ehLfspy; xd;whfg; gbg;gbahf khw;wpaJ. ,d;W vkJ thp tUkhdkhdJ Nritfs;
nfhLg;gdTfisf; $l Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fg; NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy. Mdhy; ehq;fs;
Mrpahtpd; Mr;rh;akhf jpfo tpUk;gpNdhk;. Mk; ehk; eilKiwg; nghUshjhu

13

epiyikfs;> kw;Wk; cz;ik epiyikfspy; ,Ue;J tpyfp nghUshjhuk; Kw;whf

epiyFiye;jJ vdyhk;. NkYk;> ehk; ftdpf;f Ntz;baJ vd;dntd;why;> fle;j
murhq;fj;jpd; nghUshjhu tpw;gdh;fs; vt;tifahd nghUshjhuf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; fPo;
nraw;gl;lhu;fs; vd;gjhFk;.
47. vq;fSf;F
cWjpahf
mtjhdpf;ff;
$bajhfTs;sJ
vd;dntd;why;>
rpy
cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; cUthf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; murhq;fj;jpd; nghUshjhuj;
jPh;khq;fspD}lhf fpuhkpa kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa kf;fSf;F chpa gyd;fs; vjph;ghh;j;jijg;
Nghd;W nrd;wila tpy;iy vd;gjhFk;. kf;fspd; tho;f;if kl;lk; kw;Wk; ehl;bd;
kpfTk; ngWkjpahd tsq;fspd; tsh;r;rpahdJ fle;j jrhg;j fhyj;jpy; vjph;ghh;j;j
mstpy; fhzg;gltpy;iy. tUkhd Vw;wj;jho;T Fwpfhl;bahd fpdpf; FzfkhdJ
ehl;bd; tUkhdj;jpd; ngUk; gFjpahdJ xUFwpg;gpl;l rpyhpilNa Fkpe;jpUg;gijf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

2015: Njrpa If;fpa murhq;fk; - murpaypy; ,yq;ifapd; Gjpa gupzhkk;

48. 2015 rdtupapy; mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp ikj;jpupghy rpwpNrd mtu;fspd; njupT kw;Wk;
nfsut gpujk uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f mtu;fspd; ftu;r;rpfukhd jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo;
I.Nj. fl;rpapdhy; jiyikj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;l Gjpa Njrpa murhq;fk; xd;W
jhgpf;fg;gl;lik ,yq;ifapd; r%f nghUshjhu tuyhw;wpYk; rkfhy murpaypYk;
Gjpa mj;jpahak; xd;wpid cUthf;fpaJ. 2009 ,y; ehk; Nkw;nfhz;l tplaq;fSk;
mjid Nghd;w Vida re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; ehk;
,d;ndhU Kiw jtwtplg;glhj
re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F
Kd;du;
vjpu;fhy
RgPl;rj;jpid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
cupa
nghUshjhu
cghaq;fSld;
ehl;bd;
eyDf;fhd
rpwe;j
tha;gG
; fis
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd re;ju;gg
; j;jpid Vw;gLj;jp nfhLj;jJ. kiwe;j jiytu; N[hd;
vg;. nfd;dbapd; ehl;Lf;fhf ePqf
; s; vjid nra;a KbAk; vd;gij ghUq;fs; ehL
cq;fSf;F vd;d nra;fpd;wJ vd;gij ghu;f;fhjPu;fs; vd;w gpugykhd $w;wpidg;
gw;wp ehk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba jUzk; ,JthFk;.
49. ehk; njupT nra;ag;gl;lJld; r%fj;jpYs;s gy;NtW FOf;fsplk; ,Ue;J vk;ik
Nehf;fp te;j gy;NtW Nfs;tpfSf;F ehk; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ. vkJ
jyh tUkhdk; eLj;ju tUkhdk; ngWk; ehL vd;w me;j];jpid milfpd;w
msTf;F kpf cau;thf fhzg;gLfpwJ vdpd;> ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; Vd; ,d;Dk;
Jd;gq;fis mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;L tho;eJ
;
tUfpd;wdu;? cau; nghUshjhu tsu;rr
; p
fhzg;gLkhapd;>
mj;jpahtrpa
nghUl;fspd;
tpiyfs;
Vd;
ehSf;F
ehs;
khw;wkiltJld; ehshe;j tho;tpid rpukj;Jf;F cs;shf;fpAs;sJ? ru;tNjr
re;ijapy;
vz;nza;apd;
tpiyfs;
tPo;r;rp
mile;J
,Uf;Fkhapd;>
Vd;
vupnghUSf;fhd tpiy vjpu;ghu;j;j msT Fiwtila tpy;iy? vkJ FWfpa fhy
Ml;rpapy; ehd;fhtJ Kiwahf rhjfkhd tpiyf; Fiwg;gpid ehk; Kfhik
nra;Js;s NghjpYk; rpy Nfs;tpfs; tpil fhzhJ njhlu;e;Jk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

14

50. Gs;sp tpguq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW nghUshjhuk; tsu;rr

; paile;Js;sjhapd;> Vd;
vkJ gps;isfs; njhopy; tha;gG
;
mw;wtu;fshf ,Ug;gJld; ntspehLfSf;F
mjidj; Njbr; nry;fpd;wdu;? nghUshjhu fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; vt;tpj tpistpidAk;
ngw;Wj; juhj nghUj;jkw;w ,lq;fspy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l ngUe;njUf;fs; kw;Wk;
tpkhd epiyaq;fspd; gad;jhd; vd;d? kpfTk; rpukg;gl;L fLikahf ciof;Fk;
eLj;ju tFg;igr; Nru;e;j FLk;gk; rpwpa fhu; xd;wpid nfhs;tdT nra;tJ vt;thW?
nghUshjhuk; tsu;r;rpailtjhapd; tup tUkhdk; tPo;r;rpailtJ Vd;? RUf;fkhf>
,yq;if
nghUshjhuj;jpd;
cz;ikahd
epiy
vd;d?
vd;gJ
r%fj;jpy;
ngUk;ghyhdtu;fspd; fupridahff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
51. ehk; Kd;ida murhq;fj;jplk; ,Ue;J kuGupikahf vjidg; ngw;wpUf;fpd;Nwhk;
vd;gNj ,q;F vOfpd;w Nfs;;tpahFk;. nghUshjhuj;jpid nghWj;jtiuapy; ehk;
kuGupikahf ngw;wpUf;fpd;w gytPdq;fs; kw;Wk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; vz;zpylq;fhjit.
,it fle;j fhyq;fspd; NghJ vLj;J fhl;lg;gl;l tsu;rr
; p njhlu;ghd Gs;sp
tpguq;fSf;F khw;wkhf njhlu;e;Jk; vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; fl;likg;gpy; Mokhf
Nt&d;wpAs;sJ. nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpahdJ gpujhdkhf tu;j;jfky;yhj Jiwfspdhy;
Vw;gLtJld;

epiyahd

murpiwj;Jiwapy;
murpiw

gpujhd

tsu;r;rpfSf;F

tsu;r;rp

%yq;fspdhy;

fl;likg;G
khw;wkhf

gytPdq;fis
mjpfupj;J

Vw;gLtjw;F
kiwf;fpd;w

tUk;

gjpyhf

tpaf;fj;jf;f

nefpo;r;rpaw;w

kPz;nlOk;

nrytpd mu;g;gzpg;GfSf;fika kdpj %yjd mgptpUj;jpf;fhd KjyPlhf ePz;lfhy

cw;gj;jpj;jpwd;> tpidj;jpwdw;w ts xJf;fPL vd;gd fhuzkhf tUkhd kl;lj;jpy;
rkkpd;ik fhzg;gl;ljpdhy; jiyf;Fupa tWikr;Rl;bahdJ mjpfupj;jJ.
52. nghUshjhu Vw;wj;jho;thdJ ngUk;ghYk; mjpfupj;J fhzg;gl;lJ. nfsut rghehafu;
mtu;fNs> tuT nryTj;jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfis cUthf;Ftjw;F kpf mjpfkhd
Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; vk;ik Nehf;fp te;j ngUk;ghyhd Nfs;tpfSf;F
2016 ,w;fhd nfhs;if Mtzk;/ Njrpa tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; jPut
; pid
toq;Ftjw;F ehk; Kaw;rpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

murhq;f epjp kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj;jpd; jw;Nghija epiyik

53. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkf;F Kd; ,Uf;fpd;w gzpia ehd; ,q;F Kd;itf;f
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
,yq;ifapd;
nghUshjhukhdJ
ghupa
gLfld;
Rikapy;
rpf;fpAs;sJld;> cau;e;j tuT nryTj;jpl;l gw;whf;FiwapidAk; vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;sJ.
vt;thwhapDk; gLfld; kw;Wk; tuT nryTj;jpl;l gw;whf;FiwahdJ vkf;F vt;tpj
rk;ge;jKk; ,d;wp vk;kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;lJld;> ,e;epiyikapid vt;tpj epge;jidAk;
,d;wp ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F jahu; ,y;iy vd;gjid ehd; kPzL
; k; kPzL
; k;
njuptpj;Jf;
nfhs;s
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
,jid
nghUshjhu
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
khj;jpukpd;wp rKjha murpay; Nehf;fpYk; ghu;g;gJld; Gj;jhf;fk; kpf;f gy;NtWgl;l
kw;Wk; tpistpidj; juf;$bajhd rhjfkhd eltbf;iffis vLf;f Ntz;ba
Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. tuT nryTj;jpl;l jpUj;jk; vd;w rhjhuz kuGtop

15

Kiwnahd;wpd;
Clhf
nghUshjhu
neUf;fb
fhzg;gLfpd;w
tpupthf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ghupanjhU gzp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

fhyg;gFjpapy;

54. xt;nthU NjrKk; mjd; tUkhdj;jpw;Fs; tho;tJ mtrpakhFk;. ,yq;ifAk; mjw;F

tpjp tpyf;fhdJ my;y. me;jtifapy;> tUkhdk; jpul;Ltjw;fhf tup Nrfupg;G
njhlu;ghd Kaw;rpfis Kd;ndLf;fpd;w epiyapy; ehk; ,y;iy. mNjNghd;W>
epahakhd
Nrkpg;G
vd;w
tplaj;jpw;F
Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
toq;Fk;
tifapy;
ntspg;gilahf nraw;glNtz;bAs;sJ. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> r%fj;jpd;
ed;ikf;fhd ghupa mf;fiwnahd;Wld; tup nrYj;Jdupd; gzj;jpid ehk; KjyPL
nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;w nfhs;ifapid gpd;gw;Wtjw;F ehd; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. fle;j rpy
tUlq;fspd; NghJ tsq;fs; kw;Wk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; tPzhFtjid ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;fpd;w ,e;j nfhs;ifapid gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhd nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;
vLf;fg;gl;ldth vd;gJ njhlu;gpy; Iak; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
55. murpiwj; Jiwapy; fl;likg;G gytPdkhdJ cldbahd ftdj;jpid Ntz;LtJld;
ePz;l fhyj;jpy; epiyahd tsu;r;rp fhzg;glhikahdJ ajhu;j;jkhf ,Uf;f
khl;lhJ.
cz;ikaw;w
Kd;Djhuzq;fs;
fhyj;Jf;F
fhyk;
Njhd;Wfpd;w
nghUspayhsu;fSf;fhd
rpwe;j
thrpg;ghf
mikakhl;lhJ.
murpiwg;
gw;whf;FiwahdJ 2001 ,y; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 10% ,ypUe;J 2014 ,y;
5.7% Mf tPo;r;rpaile;jJld; nkhj;j gLfld; 2002 ,y; nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapy; 102%
,ypUe;J

2014

,y;

nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapy;

72%

Mf

rpy

murpiw

tsu;r;rp

,lk;ngw;wpUg;gjid ehk; ek;Gk; tifapy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

56. ehd; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W> kPzn
; lOk; kw;Wk; %yjdr; nrytpdk; kPjhd
mjpf tiuaiwapid tpjpg;gjhdJ midj;J murhq;f tUkhdq;fspYk; gLfld;
toq;fYf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. gLfld; Jiwapid tpupthf;Fk; tplaj;jpy;
gLfld; Mw;wy;fs; rpy Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. ntspehl;Lg;
gLfld; epYitapy; tu;j;jf fld;fspd; gq;F fle;j fhyq;fspd; NghJ Mw;wypidg;
ngw;Ws;sJ.
57. jdpahu; Jiw nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfSf;F trjpaspg;gJld; Rje;jpu re;ijfspd;
rpwe;j njhopw;ghl;bw;F Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf ,Uf;fpd;w gy;NtWgl;l jilfis ePf;Ffpd;w
nfhs;ifrhu;e;j ntspg;gilahd re;ij Kiwapid gpdgw;Wtjw;F vkJ murhq;fk;
Kide;Js;sJ.
murpiwj;JiwAld;
Muk;gkhFk;
nghUshjhuj;jpd;
midj;J
JiwfSf;Fk; ghupa kWrPuikg;Gfis ,J Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. nghUshjhu
Nghf;fpw;fhd gpujhd Kd;Ndw;wnkhd;wpid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Gjpa Kaw;rpnahd;whf
tpahghuj;jpid ,yFthf Nkw;nfhs;sy; Rl;b (Ease of Doing Business Index) ,id
Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F ehk; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
58. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;bd; murpiw Kiwik njhlu;ghd rpy jPtpu
gpur;rpidfs; fhzg;gLtJld; ,yq;ifau; midtUk; mtw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid
mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w tifapy; ,q;F tpupthf rku;g;gpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
,tw;wpid ehk; gy tUlq;fshfTk; fle;j 11 khjq;fSk; fye;Jiuahb tUtJld;

16

ehL
vjpu;Nehf;Fk;
murpiw
gpur;rpidfspd;
cz;ikahd
tplaq;fis
fz;lwptjw;Fk;
mtjhdpg;gjw;Fkhd
re;ju;g;gj;jpid
ehd;
ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;.
,yq;if
kf;fspd;
ed;ikf;fhf
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
tsq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp
,g;gpur;rpidfspid jPu;g;gjw;F ehDk; epjpaikr;rpd; mYtyu;fSk; Mu;tj;Jld;
,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gij kfpo;r;rpAld; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

tup tUkhdk;
59. jpl;lkplg;gl;l mj;jpahtrpa nrytpdq;fis <Lnra;tjw;F Nghjpa tUkhdj;jpid
cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Mw;wypid Vw;gLj;jJfpd;w VNjDk; murpiw Kiwikapid
cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. Jujp~;ltrkhf,yq;ifapy; ,k;Kiwik
fhzg;gltpy;iy.,e;epiyik fle;j jhrhg;jj;jpd; NghJ J}z;lg;gl;lJld; vLf;fg;gl;l
eltbf;iffs; vt;tpj mu;jj
; Ks;s tpisTfisAk; Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.
60. murpiw
tUkhd
tPo;r;rpahdJ
ehl;bd;
ghupa
Nguz;l
nghUshjhuj;ij
vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjw;F mjd; Nghf;F Kd;Dupik mbg;gilapy; jpUj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,yq;ifapd; tup tUkhdk; 1990 ,y; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 19% Mf fhzg;gl;lJld;
2014

,y;

nkh.c.

cw;gj;jpapy;

10.2%

Mf

tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

2014

,y;

KO

fhyg;gFjpf;Fk; tup tUkhd tsu;r;rp 4.4% Mf fhzg;gl;lJ. ,J rhjhuz nkh.c.

cw;gj;jp tsu;r;rp tpfpjkhd 7.3% ,id tpl Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,e;j tifapy;
tup

tUkhdk;

nghUshjhu

tpupthf;fj;jpw;fhd

cj;Ntfj;jpid

toq;fKbahJ

NghdJld; fle;j tUlq;fspy; Vw;gl;l Nkhrkhd epiyikf;F rhd;whf mike;jJ.

murpiw tUkhdj;jpid mjpfupg;gjw;F Kd;ida fhyq;fspy; vLf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs;
vJTk; mf;fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l tPo;r;rp epiyapid Nghf;Ftjw;Fj; jtwpaJ. tup
Kiwikapy;
Vwf;Fiwa
35
tupfSk;
mwtPLfSk;
fhzg;gLtJ
ek;gKbahjnjhd;whFk;. ,r;rl;lq;fspy; rpy fhyhtjpahdJld; tup nrYj;JdHfspdhy;
,yFtpy; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbahJ fhzg;gl;lJ. mtw;Ws; rpy khj;jpuk; tupr;
rl;lq;fs; gw;wp tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbAkhff; fhzg;gl;ld.
61. ngWkjp Nru; tupapd; Nrfupg;gpd; tPo;r;rpahdJ fle;j tUlq;fspy; tup tUkhdj;jpy;
tPo;r;rpNaw;gLtjw;F gpujhd fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. 2005 ,y; nkhj;j tup Nrfhpg;gpy; 41
rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;l ngWkjp Nru; tup tUkhdk; 2016 ,y; 26 rjtPjkhf
tPo;r;rpAw;wJ. NkYk; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; ngWkjp Nru; tup Nrfhpg;G 2004 ,y; 5.8
rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2014 ,y; 2.7 rjtPjkhf tPor
; ;rpaile;jJ. tUkhd tup tPo;r;rpahdJ
2006 ,y; 2.7 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2014 ,y; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 1.9 rjtPjkhf
tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. Njrpa tUkhdk; mjpfhpj;j NghjpYk;> mjw;F Neu; tpfpjkhf tup
tUkhdk; mjpfhpf;fg;gltpy;iy. tup tUkhdk; tPo;r;rpaile;jjw;fhd fhuzk; gy;NtW
tplaq;fs; njhlHe;J kuGtopahf te;jik vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. tup epu;thf
KiwNfLfs; fhuzkhf ,zf;fg;ghl;by; fhzg;gl;l gytPdk; gpujhd fhuzkhf
mike;jJ. gy;NtW epWtdq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gl;l tup tpyf;fspg;GfSk; tup
epHthfj;jpid Kiwahf nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf mike;jJ.

17

62. tUkhdj;jpy; ngUk;gFjp kiwKf tupfspypUe;J ngwg;gLtJld; Neub tupfspypUe;J

fpilf;Fk; tUkhdk; kpfTk; FiwthdjhFk;. mNjNtis> tup nrYj;Jtjw;F
KbAkhd gyUk; tup nrYj;Jtjw;F flg;ghLilatHfSk; tup Kiwikapy;
KOikahf cs;thq;fg;gltpy;iy. tup Va;gg
; pid ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpf;F tup
,zf;fg;ghl;L Kiwikapid Nkk;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;. NkYk; tup epHthfk;
];jpug;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba NjitAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
63. nfsut rghehafH mtHfNs> fle;j rpy khjq;fspd; NghJ tup tpjpg;gdtpy; Gjpa
nraw;jpl;lq;fis filg;gpbg;gjd; %yk; ,g;gpur;rpidfis vjpu;nfhs;tjw;fhd rpy
Kaw;rpfis ehk; Nkw;nfhz;Nlhk;. vt;thwhapDk;> jw;fhypf jPHTfspypUe;J tpyfp
Kd;ndLj;Jr;
nry;tjw;fhd
cWjpahd
kWrPuikg;Gfspd;
mbg;gilapy;
tup
Kiwikapid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; vLf;fg;gLtJld; Fwpj;j kWrPuikg;Gfs;
ehl;bd; ed;ikf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

eilKiwr; nrytpdk;
64. nfsut rghehafu; mtHfNs> tUkhdj;jpid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd jdpg;gl;l thp
kWrPuikg;Gfs;
murpiw
tUkhdj;jpid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
gq;fspf;fg;
Nghtjpy;iy. ,J chpa Kiwapyhd mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nrYj;jg;gl;l nrytpdf;
Fiwg;G eltbf;iffis mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,e;jj; Njitapid
vt;thW ehk; czu;e;J nfhs;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gNj vk;Kd; cs;s Nfs;tpahFk;.
mNjNghd;W fle;j Ml;rpapy; nrytpdkhdJ rfy kl;lq;fspYk; mjpfhpj;jpUe;j
Ntisapy; ,lk;ngwf;$lhj tplaq;fspypUe;J ehk; epiwa ghlq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
65. epuy; mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; jpizf;fsq;fs; mtw;wpdJ eilKiwr; nrytpd
kl;lj;jpid Fiwj;Js;sd vdehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,jid tpkHrduPjpahf
Ma;T nra;tjw;fhd Neuk; te;Js;sJld;> tiuaWf;fg;gl;l Neub thp nrYj;Jeu;;fs;
kw;Wk; r%fj;jpYs;s kpf twpa gphptpdu; cs;slq;fyhf kiwKf tupfspd;
tUkhdk; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tPz; nrytpdq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk;
Njitf;fjpfkhd epu;thf nrytpdq;fis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;Fk; mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk;
jpizf;fsq;fspd; nrytpdj; Njitfis kjpg;gpLtjw;fhd mtrpak; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
66. Njrpa tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpid jahupg;gjpy; g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahhpg;G
vz;zf; fUtpid ehd; cWjpahf Mjupf;fpd;Nwd;. 2016 tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy;
g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahupg;G vz;zf;fUtpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;Ftjd;
%yk; xt;nthU nrytply; epWtdq;fSk; mtw;wpd; epjp xJf;fPLfSf;fhd
Ntz;LNfhs;fis tpLg;gjw;F Kd;du; mtw;wpdJ tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahhpg;gpid
epahag;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,r;nrad; KiwahdJ ,jd; gpd;duhd tuT nryTj;
jpl;lq;fspYk; fLikahfg; gpd;gw;wg;gLk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs fzf;fPl;Lf;
nfhs;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; jahupf;fg;gLk; g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahupg;ghdJ
Njrpa
tuT
nryTj;
jpl;l
jahupg;gpd;
NghJ
gy;NtW
ehLfspy;
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,e;j

g+r;rpa

18

tuT

nryTj;

jpl;l

jahupg;gpid

nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F ehk; ,t;tsT fhyk; jhkjpj;jJ vdf;F Mr;rupak; mspf;fpwJ.

,e;jtifapy;> nghJj; jpiwNrupahdJ chpa mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;fhd
xJf;fPLfis kPsha;T nra;jy; njhlu;gpy; 2016 rdthpapypUe;J gpd;D}l;ly;
eltbf;iffis vLf;Fk;.
67. nghWg;Gf; $wj;jf;f murhq;fnkd;w tifapy; kf;fspd; Jauq;fis njspthf
czu;eJ
; s;sJld; ehk; rk;gsq;fs; kw;Wk; Xa;t+jpaj;jpid Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT
mjpfupj;jjd; %yk; vkJ cWjpnkhopapid NgZtjw;F KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ.
mNjNtis> murhq;fj;Jiw njhopy;tha;gg
; hdJ fle;j gy tUlq;fshf ehd;F
klq;fhf mjpfupj;J ,Ue;jjid vk;khy; czuKbe;jJ.
68. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;j Nkhrhkhd #o;epiyapd; ntspg;gilahd tpisT
rk;gs nrytpdj;jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mjpfupg;gpid Vw;gLj;jpaJld; ,J Mff;$basT
mjpfupf;fg;gLtJld; epahag;gLj;j KbAkhd mstpidtpl mjpfkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ.
,e;jtifapy;> murhq;fj;Jiw Ntjdhjpfspd; epiyngW jd;ikapid NgZtjw;fhd
cupa topKiwfis ehk; Njl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,tw;Wld; murhq;fj;Jiw Nrit
toq;fypd; tpidj;jpwd;> gad;tYj;jd;ik kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; vd;gtw;wpidAk;
Cf;Ftpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
69. mNjNghd;W> gbg;gbahf mjpfupj;J ghupa rthyhf tsu;e;JtUk; kw;WnkhU Kf;fpa
tplak; murhq;fj;jpd; Xa;t+jpa nghWg;ghFk;. taJ Kjpu;e;Njhu; rdj;njhif kw;Wk;
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; mjpfupj;JtUk; nghWg;gpid vjpu;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; tsq;fis
mjpfupf;f Ntz;ba Njit vd;gtw;wpid Kfhik nra;tjw;F cupa eltbf;iffis
vLf;Fk; tifapy; fle;j 2005 - 2014 tUlq;fspd; NghJ Xa;t+jpar; nrytpdk; 170
rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupj;jJ. Xa;t+jpak; ngWk; ,yq;ifau;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupg;G
kw;Wk; Xa;t+jpak; kPjhd epjpr; nrytpdk; Mfpad Fiwe;jJ ,e;j kl;lj;jpyhtJ
jPu;f;fg;glhtpl;lhy; rpf;fyhd gy neUf;fbfSf;F cl;glNtz;ba epiyNaw;gLk;.
70. eilKiwapYs;s epjpaspf;fg;glhj jd;ikapyhd Xa;t+jpaj; jpl;lj;jpd; ,ay;gpdhy;
Nkyjpf Neuj;jpid NkYk; mjpfupf;fpd;w nryT vd;gd ghupa nghWg;Gf;fis
Vw;gLj;JtJld; vjpu;fhy tup nrYj;Jdu;fSf;F NkYk; Rikahf mikAk;.
,e;jtifapy;> Xa;t+jpar; nrytpdj;jpid ,e;ehl;bd; kf;fs; jhq;fpf;nfhs;s
KbAkhd xd;whf khw;Wtjw;fhd Gjpa cghaq;fis fz;lwpa Ntz;baJ
mtrpakhFk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Vw;fdNt ,isg;ghwpatu;fs; kw;Wk;
jw;nghOJ Nritahw;wpf; nfhz;bUg;gtu;fSf;F vt;tpj tiuaiwAkpd;wp Xa;t+jpar;
nrytpdj;jpid jhq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F murhq;fk; jplrq;fw;gk; g+z;Ls;sJ vd;gjid
ehd; cWjpahff; $wpf;nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. Mdhy;> murhq;f Nritf;F Gjpjhf
Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ltu;fspd; Xa;t+jpak; njhlu;gpy; ehk; vt;thW jpl;lkpLtJ vd;gJ
njhlu;gpy; Gjpa cghankhd;wpid cUthf;f Ntz;baJ mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.
me;jtifapy;> Xa;t+jpa Kiwikapid epiyNgwhdnjhd;whf khw;w KbAk;.
71. ,Jnjhlu;ghd kw;WnkhU tplak; khdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; khw;wy;fspd; toq;fy;
vd;Wkpy;yhjthW mjpfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sikahFk;. ,J tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; nkhj;j
kPzn
; lOk; nrytpdj;jpy; 21 rjtPjkhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Kd;Ndw;wfukhd

19

,yf;fply; cjTnjhifapidf; Fiwj;jy; vd;gd eilKiwr; nrytpdj;jpid

Fiwg;gjw;F rpwe;j ntspg;gilj;jd;ik kw;Wk; tif$wy;fSld; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba
Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd;%yk; mjpfkhd KjyPl;bid r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu
cl;fl;likg;gpw;fhf gad;gLj;j KbAnkd;gJld; cau; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F
mtrpaKkhFk;. mNjNtis> vkJ r%fj;jpy; tpNrl NjitAila kw;Wk; ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd gpuirfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu; vd;gjid ehk;
ed;fwpNthk;.
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nghJ KjyPL
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Ngrg;gl;lJld;
nghJ
KjyPlhdJ
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kpf
Kf;fpa
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ehl;Lf;F kpf Kf;fpakhdnjhd;W vd;gjid typAWj;jpf;$w ehd; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
,f;nfhs;ifapy; vt;tpj fUj;J Kuz;ghLfSk; ,Uf;f KbahJ. vt;thwhapDk;>
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njupTnra;Ak; nghOJk; epahakhd tpistpid Vw;gLj;jf;$ba tifapy; vkJ
Kd;Dupikfs; kw;Wk; rhj;jpats kjpg;gPLfs; njhlu;gpy; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
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ntspj;js;sg;gl;lJ.jdpahu; KjyPlhdJ fle;j tUlq;fspy; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 22
rjtPjkhf njhlu;e;J fhzg;gl;lJld; 2011 ,y; 24 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J gbg;gbahf
ghpzhkk; mile;J tsu;rr
; pg; Nghf;fpid khw;wkilar; nra;Js;sJ. 2005 ,y; nkh.c.
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NghJ nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; Vwf;Fiwa 6 rjtPjkhf fhzg;gl;lJ. mj;jifa
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Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

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20

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tpiyaply; El;g Kiwfis mwpKfg;gLj;jy;> jw;nghOJs;s Copag; gilapd;
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vd;idg;
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21

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; jfspid
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Vw;gLj;JtJ Nghd;wjhfNt khj;jpuk; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j Mtzj;jpy; Vw;fdNt
Fwpg;gpl;lJNghd;W njhifkjpg;G Gs;sptpgutpay; jpizf;fsk; Gjpa nghUshjhu
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22

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; paile;jJld; jw;nghOJ
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vt;thwhapDk;> ,wf;Fkjpfs; mjpfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mit nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 27
rjtPjkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ehl;bd; tu;jj
; fg; Nghf;fhdJ nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy;
,wf;Fkjpfs; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjpfspd; rjtPjk; 2000 fspd; eLg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l
Vwf;Fiwa 60 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 41 rjtPjkhf tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. ,e;j
tPor
; r
; pahdJ
fle;j
murhq;fj;jpdhy;
gpd;gw;wg;gl;l
FWfpa
ghu;itAila
nfhs;iffshy; Vw;gl;lJld; xU jrhg;j fhykhf tpuptile;jJ. nfsut rghehafu;
mtu;fNs> vkJ ehl;bd; nghUshjhukhdJ jpwe;j nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspypUe;J
J}ukhfpa nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffis nfhz;Ls;sJld; gy tUlq;fshf %lg;gl;l
nghUshjhukhff;
fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jw;nghOJ
fhzg;gLk;
ghjfkhd
epiy

23

Vw;Wkjpfis
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd
Njitapid
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJld;
Gj;jhf;fkpf;f nrad;Kiwfspdhy; Kiwahf g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.

kpfTk;

86. ,wf;Fkjp
nrytpdj;jpid
Ngz;jF
epiyahd
kl;;lj;jpy;
Fiwg;gjw;fhd
rhj;jpag;ghl;bid cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;ghdJ cw;gj;jp
kw;Wk; kPs; Vw;Wkjpf;fhf ,ilepiy> KjyPl;L nghUs; kw;Wk; cau;tUkhd
tFjpapdupd; Njitfs; rhu; ,wf;FkjpfisAk; Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ vd;gjid ehd;
mwpNtd;.
,e;epiyikapy;>tpupthd
Vw;Wkjpr;
re;ijfis
mile;Jnfhs;Sk;
Nehf;fj;Jld;
vkJ cs;ehl;L jahupg;Gj; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk; tptrha
czTg; nghUl;fspd; tpisr;rypid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Njitahd cjtpfs;
nra;ag;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gNj vkJ mf;fiwahFk;.vkJ ,Wjp Nehf;fk; ahnjdpy;>
Gjpa Vw;Wkjp re;ijfis jpul;bf; nfhs;tJld; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; Vw;Wkjp
re;ijfis tpupthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp nghUl;fis gd;Kfg;gLj;Jk; mNjNtis>
czT jd;dpiwtpd; Clhf ehl;bd; czTg; ghJfhg;gpid cWjpg;gLj;JtJkhFk;.
87. ntspehl;L Copa tUkhdk; ehl;bd; nrd;kjp epYit kPjpapy; kpf Kf;fpa gq;fpid
tfpf;fpd;wJ. murhq;fk; vd;w tifapy; vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpid ];jpug;gLj;Jtjw;F
jkJ
fLikahd
ciog;gpd;
%yk;
ngWfpd;w
tUkhdj;jpid
vkf;F
mDg;gpitf;fpd;w ntspehLfspy; gzpahw;Wfpd;w ,yq;ifau;fs; midtUf;Fk;
kpfTk; ed;wp$w flikg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. mNjNtis> vt;tpj epge;jidfSk; ,d;wp
mtu;fsJ gq;fspg;gpid ghuhl;Lfpd;w mNjNtis> vkJ jha;khu;fs;> rNfhjupfs;
kw;Wk; ngz; gps;isfis jpwikaw;w Copau;fshf kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;F
mDg;gpitg;gjid Fiwg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis ehk; Kd;ndLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
mj;jifa ,lk;ngau; Copaj; Njitf;fhd khw;Wtopahf vkJ nrhe;j ehl;by;
Ntiytha;g;Gfis cUthf;Fjw;fhd eltbf;iffis vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j
Nehf;fj;jpid mile;Jnfhs;tjw;F midj;J topfisAk; ehk; fz;lwpjy; Ntz;Lk;.
vkJ Copau;fspd; jpwd; Mw;wypid tpUj;jpnra;Ak; Kaw;rpapy; khw;W cghakhf
,yq;iff;F ntspNa njhopy;tha;gG
; f;fhf mjpf Mw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; gapw;rpfisg;
ngw;wtu;fs; kw;Wk; mDg;gpitf;fg;gLtu;. mj;jifa eilKiwahdJ ntspehl;L
njhopy;tha;g;gpid vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;Fk; gyUf;F ngWkjp Nru;g;ghf mikAnkd;gjpy;
vt;tpj re;NjfKkpy;iy.
88. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapid Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT
<l;bj;jUtJld; nghUshjhur; nraw;ghLfis Cf;Ftpj;J ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F
gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid ePq;fs; ed;F mwptPu;fs;.
vkJ ehL Rw;Wyh ikankhd;W vd;w tifapy; KOikahd Mw;wy;fisAk;
nfhz;bUg;gJ vd;gjid ehk; czu;e;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jw;nghOJ ,lk;ngw;Wf;
nfhz;bUg;gJ vd;d vd;gjid ehk; kpfTk; Mokhf Nehf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
Kd;ida murhq;fj;jpd; rpW gps;isj;jdkhd ntWk; RNyhfq;fs; khj;jpuk; vk;ik
cyf juj;jpw;F cau;jj
; f;$ba Rw;Wyh ikankhd;whf khw;Wtjw;F cjt khl;lhJ.
jw;nghOJ ehk; mq;Fkpq;Fk; miye;J jphptjid epWj;jptpl;L ,yq;ifapid ,e;J
rKj;jpuj;jpd; Kj;J vd;w mbg;gilahd epiyf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;fhd tplaq;fspy;

24

ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,j;njhopw; Jiwapid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd rpwe;j

nfhs;if
Ntiyr;
rl;lfnkhd;wpid
ehk;
jahupf;f
Ntz;ba
mtrpak;
fhzg;gLtJld; tuyhw;W Gfo;kpf;f Guhjdr; rpd;dq;fs; kw;Wk; tdg;Gkpf;f
fhl;rpfisf; nfhz;l rpwg;Gkpf;f vkJ ehl;bd; vd;dpylq;fhj Mw;wy;fis fz;lwpa
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
89. ntspehl;L
Neub
KjyPLfspd;
nrayhw;Wif
fle;j
jrhg;jq;fspd;
NghJ
ke;jepiyapy; fhzg;gl;lJld; %d;W jrhg;j cs;ehl;L gpzf;F KbTf;Ff;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;l gpd;dzpapy; $l ehk; vkJ Mw;wy;fistpl fPo; epiyapy;
,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. fle;j gj;J tUlq;fspd; NghJ Mz;nlhd;Wf;F 919 kpy;ypad; I.m.
nlhyiu khj;jpuk; ehk; ngw;wpUg;gJld;> fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; murpay; ,af;fj;jpd;
%yk; ru;tNjr jiytu;fis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l thu;j;ij [hyq;fspd; %yk;
ntspehl;Lf;
nfhs;ifahdJ
myq;fupf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
,J
gy;NtW
fz;Nzhl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; KOikahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahjjhFk;. Fwpg;ghf>
Vw;Wkjp tsu;r;rpf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;Fk; mNjNtis> cs;ehl;L Nrkpg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk;
gw;whf;Fiwapd; mbg;gilapy; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapid NgZtjw;F Njitahd
KjyPl;L
kl;lj;jpid
mjpfupg;gjw;F
ntspehl;L
KjyPl;L
gha;r;rypid
cUthf;Ffpd;w gLfldw;w epiyapid ftu Ntz;bAs;sJ. nfsut rghehafu;
mtu;fNs> ngUk;ghyhd Mrpa ehLfspd; nghUshjhuq;fs; Fwpg;ghf ePzl
; fhy
cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;jpypUe;J kPz;l ehLfs; ntspehl;L Neub KjyPLfspd; mjpfupg;Gf;
fhuzkhf nghUshjhu RgPl;rj;jpw;fhd ghijapid mikj;jJ. ehk; Vw;fdNt
gpd;jq;fpa ehL vd;w tifapy; jilfis cilj;njwpe;J nghUshjhuj;jpid
cau;j;Jfpd;w KjyPl;lhsu;fis mioj;J nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp tpfpjj;jpid
Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;F jw;nghOJ rpwe;j re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
90. ehl;bd; ntspehl;Lj;Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpia ,t;thW J}z;Ljy; ,yq;ifapd;
me;epar; nryhtzp xJf;Ffis ngUf;Ftjw;F toptFg;gJld; ehza khw;Wr;
re;ijapy; &ghit cWjpg;gLj;jTk; toptFf;Fk;.
91. cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; Nkk;ghlhdJ mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis mile;Jnfhs;tjw;F kpf
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; Kd;Ndw;w Nghf;fpy; ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Nritfs;
Jiwfspy; cw;gj;jpj;jpwid mjpfupf;fpd;w mNjNtis> tptrhaj;Jiwf;F tpNrl
ftdk; nrYj;jNtz;ba Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
92. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ ehl;bd; ntw;wpf;fhd
kpfTk; Kf;fpakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jtifapy; kpf Kf;fpa Jiwapd;
mgptpUj;jpf;F $ba ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju
njhopy;Kaw;rp Jiwapd; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpf;fhd gq;fspg;G Vwf;Fiwa 70 rjtPjkhff;
fhzg;gLtJ jpUg;jpfukhf ,Ug;gpDk;;> nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F cjTk; tifapy;
,j;Jiwapd;ghy; $ba ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>
fle;j fhyj;jpd; murhq;f epWtdq;fs; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd
njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd;
mgptpUj;jpf;fhf
toq;fpa
xj;Jiog;G
Nghjpajhff;
fhzg;glhjJld;
jdpahu;
JiwahdJ
,j;Jiwapd;
tsu;r;rpf;F
NghjpasT

25

xj;Jiog;G toq;fpAs;sjidAk; ehd; ,q;F Fwpg;gpl;lhf Ntz;Lk;. rpwpa kw;Wk;

eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfisg; nghWj;jtiu fle;j murhq;fk; NghjpasT ftdk;
nrYj;jpajh vd;w tplak; njsptw;wjhf fhzg;gLtJld; mj;Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpf;F
kpff; Fiwe;jsT gq;fspg;gpidNa toq;fpAs;sJ.
93. tpijfs; kw;Wk; ehw;Wg; nghUs;fspd;; juk;> Fiwe;j El;gKiw> tpupthf;fy;
Nritfs; fhzg;glhik> mWtilf;Fg; gpd;duhd mjpfupj;j el;lk;> Fiwe;j gz;iz
tpiyfs; mNjNghd;W> fsQ;rpa kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jy; trjpfs; fhzg;glhik
Nghd;w gpur;rpidfspd; fhuzkhf tptrha cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila
tpisTfs; gpd;jq;fpa epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. tptrhaj; Jiwapid tpUj;jp
nra;tjw;F cjTnjhiffis toq;Ftjd; %yk; ehl;by; ngUksT KjyPLfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJld; Kf;fpakhd Njitfs; kw;Wk; jw;nghOJ epyTfpd;w
FiwghLfis tpQ;Qhd uPjpahf Ma;T nra;a Ntz;baJ kpf Kf;fpakhd
tplakhFk;. mj;jifa nrad;Kiw xd;wpd; %yk; tptrha r%fj;jpd; tho;f;ifj;
juj;jpid NkYk; juKau;jj
; KbAk; vd ehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.
94. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>,yF ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jpfspid cau; njhopy;El;g
cw;gj;jpfshf khw;Wfpd;w ngWkjp Nrh;g;gpy; jahupg;Gj; Jiwapd; cau;ju Nkk;ghl;bd;
kPJ epiyNgWila ifj;njhopy; nfhs;ifapid typAWj;j Ntz;ba Njit
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.njhopy;El;gj;jpid gpd;gw;Wjy; mNjNghd;W Gjpa topKiwfis
mwpKfg;gLj;jy; vd;gd Kiwahd Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpapdhy; gyg;gLj;j
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
rpwpa
kw;Wk;
eLj;ju
njhopy;Kaw;rpfs;
ftdpf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L ghupa njhopy;Kaw;rpfSld; ,izf;Fk;
tifapy; trjpaspf;fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;. ,J ghupa toq;fy; rq;fpyp %yk;
cs;thq;fg;gLtjw;fhd
tha;gG
; fisf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
toq;fy;
njhlu;
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l nfhs;iffs; Nghl;bj;jd;ik
kpf;f epiyapypUe;J mLj;j kl;lj;jpw;F vkJ ifj;njhopy;fis juKau;j;Jk;
tifapy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. cupa trjpfis toq;fp cs;ehl;L
Kaw;rpahz;ikfis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjd; Clhf cs;ehl;L ifj;njhopy;fis
Kd;Ndw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp mtu;fs; ftdk; vLj;Js;shu;.
95. Ez;ghf epjpj; JiwahdJ epjpapay; uPjpahf rpwpa kl;l njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fSf;F
cjtp
toq;Ftjw;fhd
kpf
Kf;fpa
nghUshjhu
mk;rkhf
cUthf;fg;gl
Ntz;bAs;sJ. rpwpa epjpj; JiwahdJ fle;j rpy tUlq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd;
nghUshjhu Nkk;ghl;bw;F Ez;epjpj;Jiwapd; gq;fspg;ghdJ tWikiaf; Fiwg;gjpy;
xU Neu;f;fzpa jiyaPl;bid ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; rhjfkhd
mgptpUj;jp
NkYk;
mbg;gilapy;
rpW

mjpfupf;Fk;
tifapy;
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
Kd;Dhpik
epjpj;
JiwahdJ
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl
Ntz;ba
Njit

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
96. tpNrlkhf
re;ij
jhuhskakhf;fy;
mwpKfg;gLj;jy;
rpwpastpyhd
gy;NtW
NritfspypUe;J jfty; njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; epjpr; Nritfs; Nghd;w cau; ngWkjp
Nru;f;fg;gl;l
kw;Wk;
cau;
njhopy;El;g
Mw;wypidf;
nfhz;l
cau;e;j

26

nraw;ghLfspid mwpKfg;gLj;jypd; %yk; Nritfs; Jiwapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk;

mjd;
jd;ik
vd;gd
fle;j
fhyj;jpy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT
khw;wj;jpw;F
cs;shfpAs;sd. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; Fwpg;ghf JiwKfq;fs; kw;Wk; tpkhd epiyaq;fs;
njhlu;ghd nraw;ghLfs;> Rw;Wyhj;Jiw> jfty; njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly;
Nghd;w Jiwfspy; nfhs;if Kd;ndLg;Gfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. kpf
ePz;l fhykhf tpahghu eltbf;iffSf;fhf ntspahu; Nritapid ngw;Wf;
nfhs;sy;

(Business

Process

Outsourcing

BPO)

vd;w

tplak;

fhzg;gLtJld;

,j;JiwahdJ tUlj;jpw;F tUlk; tsu;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. MapDk;> ,j;Jiwapy;

vkJ Copau;fsJ cau;e;j Mw;wy; cyf juj;jpd; msTf;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT
fhzg;glhjJld; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpf;F ,j;JiwahdJ NghjpasT gq;fspg;gpidAk;
toq;ftpy;iy.
97. Ntiyapd;ikr; Rl;bahdJ njhlu;e;J Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;ljd; mbg;gilapy;
Copa
cw;gj;jpj;jpwid
mjpfupg;gJk;
%yjdr;
nrwpit
mjpfupg;gJk;
mtrpakhdjhFk;. %yjdr; nrwpit mjpfupf;Fk; nghOJ jdpahu; Jiwapd;
gq;fspg;G kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. njhopypd;ik kw;Wk; Copag; gilapd; gq;Fgw;wy;
vd;gtw;iw
Nehf;Fk;
nghOJ
ngz;fspd;
rdj;njhif
rkkw;w
Kiwapy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vdNt> ,e;j rkepiyaw;w ghjpg;Gf;F jPut
; hf rpWtu; guhkupg;G
trjpfis mjpfupj;jy; kw;Wk; ek;gf;$ba nghJNghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs; Nghd;w
Nritfis
toq;Ftjpd;ghy;
ftdk;
nrYj;Jjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
,yq;ifapd;
nghUshjhuj;jpid tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; toq;Ffpd;w cau;e;j
gq;fspg;G ehk; midtUk; mwpe;j tplakhFk;. MfNt ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;ij
Kd;Ndw;Wk; Kfkhf vkJ jha;khu; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kaw;rpfisj; njhlu;eJ
; k;
NgZtjw;fhd mtu;fSf;F mjpfgl;r trjpfisr; nra;tjw;F cupa toptiffisf;
fz;lwpa Ntz;bAs;sJ.
98. fle;j If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp murhq;fj;jpd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; goikahd njhopy;
rl;lq;fs;
fhyj;jpw;Nfw;wthW
jpUg;jpaikf;fg;gl;lJ.
vt;thwhapDk;>
eilKiwapYs;s rl;lk; kw;Wk; r%f jilfspdhy; jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; jpwd;fs;
kw;Wk; Njitg;gLk; jpwd;fSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; mrhjhuz epiy fhuzkhf
njhopy;
epfo;r;rpj;
jd;ikahdJ
fPo;
kl;lj;jpNy
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
fy;tp
kWrPuikg;Gf;fspd; Clhf Gjpa ghltpjhdq;fs; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gLtjpD}lhf ,t;
mrhjhuz epiyikfSf;fpilapy; xU ,zf;fg;ghl;il cUthf;Fk; eltbf;iffis
fy;tprhH ty;Ydu;fsplj;jpy; rhl;lg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. mNjNghy; ,yq;ifapd; jfty;
njhopy;El;gj; Jiwapy; mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s Kd;Ndw;wj;Jld; mj;Jiwapy;
Vw;gl;Ls;s vjph;kiw fhuzpfs; njhlu;ghf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
99. ,jw;F
Nkyjpfkhf
tpNrl
jpwd;fisf;
nfhz;ltu;fis
njhopy;gilapDs;
cs;thq;Ftjw;fhf ngsjPf cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; kw;Wk; r%fg; nghUshjhu
eilKiwfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; Njitg;gLtJ
vd;dntd;why;

tpNrl

jpwd;fisf;

nfhz;ltu;fSf;F

27

epiyahd

njhopy;

tha;g;Gf;fisg;
ngw;Wf;
nfhLg;gjw;F
mtrpakhd
Nkw;nfhs;tNj md;wp Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs; tpepNahfpg;gjy;y.

cupa

eltbf;iffis

100. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ePq;fs; mwpe;jjd; gb Ml;rpapypUe;j midj;J

murhq;fq;fSk;
fy;tp
njhlu;ghf
gy
nfhs;iffis
mKy;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
vt;thwhapDk;> nghUshjhuj;jpd; tsu;r;rp epiyikia njhlu;e;Jk; epiyahfg;
NgZtjw;F mtrpakhd kdpj tsj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;fhf ,yq;iff; fy;tp
Kiwikapy; KOikahdnjhU etPdkakhf;fy; mtrpakhfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapd; fy;tp
KiwahdJ rpwhu;fspd; tho;fi
; fj;jpwd; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Rje;jpukhd rpe;jid
rf;jpia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Kfkhf jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; guPli
; riaf; Nfe;jpukhff;
nfhz;l ghltpjhdq;fSf;F khw;wkhf jifikfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
ghltpjhdq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf rPu; nra;ag;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. Fiwe;j trjpfisf;
nfhz;l ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;F rkkhd re;ju;g;gq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf
mj;jpahtrpa ghlq;fSf;fhd Mrpupau; gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; mg;ghlrhiyfspd;
Jg;guNtw;ghl;L trjpfs; thrpfrhiy kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd Ma;T$lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;
FiwghLfs; njhlu;gpy; Jupj ftdk; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
101. fle;j
fhyq;fspy;
fy;tpj;Jiw
njhlu;ghf
mur
KjyPlhdJ
njhlu;eJ
; k;
Fiwtile;J nrd;wik rpwg;ghdnjhU tplaky;y. ,t; vjpu;kiw epiyik njhlu;ghf
kPsha;T nra;tjw;Fhpa fhyk; kyh;e;Js;snjd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. nfsut rghehafu;
mtu;fNs> khztu;fSf;F khj;jpuky;yhky; tpidj;jpwdhd kw;Wk; nraw;jpwdhd
Nritahsu;fis
vjpu;ghu;f;Fk;
njhopy;
nfhs;NthUf;F
chpa
khw;wj;ij
cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; fhzg;gLk; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; vkJ ey;yhl;rp
muRf;F ,aYik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.
102. ,isQu;fsplj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; njhopypd;ik kw;Wk; fPo; ciog;G vd;gtw;iwf;
Fiwf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; gl;ljhupfspd; jifikfs; kw;Wk; njhopw;re;ijapd; Njitfs;
vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; rkkpd;ikia ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhf ,yq;ifapd;
gy;fiyf;fof cau; fy;tp fl;likg;Gf;Fk; chpa rPu;jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
103. khwptUk; rdj;njhif fl;likg;ghdJ mjpfupj;JtUk; tNahjpg rdj;njhiff;F
mtrpakhd trjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNjhL KOikahd Rfhjhu NritfspdJk;
mgptpUj;jpia
Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ.
ehl;bd;
mgptpUj;jpiaf;
fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
Kjpu;tile;JtUk; kdpjts njhFjpia chpa Kiwapy; ehl;bd; eyDf;F
gad;gLj;jf;$ba Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W cUthf;fg;gLtNjhL mtu;fsJ tpUg;G
ntWg;Gf;fSk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mNjNghy; milahsk; fhzg;glhJ
gutptUk; rpWePuf Neha; Jupjkhf mjpfupj;JtUk; Gw;WNeha; kw;Wk; ngUfptUk;
nlq;F Nghd;w Neha;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cupa eltbf;ifSk; vLf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp mtu;fs; mjpfupj;J tUk; rpWePuf Nehapid
,y;yhnjhopj;J ,e;Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F ,j;Jd;gj;jpypUe;J tpLjiy
mspg;gjw;F mu;g;gzpg;Gld; mauhJ cioj;J tUfpd;whu;.

28

104. ke;jfjpapy; ,lk;ngw;WtUk; rdj;njhif tsu;r;rp fhuzkhf cUthfptUk; KjpNahu;

rdj;njhifapdhy;
Vw;gl;Ls;s
rthy;fis
vjpu;nfhs;tjw;F
ePz;lfhyf;
fz;Nzhl;lj;Jld; Rfhjhu Nritapid etPdkag;gLj;JtNjhL ftHr;rpfukhd
Xa;t+jpa
Kiwiknahd;Wk;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
jdpahu;
njhopyhsu;fSf;F xU Xa;t+jpa Kiwiknahd;W cUthf;fg;gLtjd; NjitahdJ
,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. Vnddpy; mjd;%yk; KjpNahu;fs; njhlu;gpy; vjpu;fhyj;jpy;
Vw;glf;$ba gpur;rpidfis Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; mtu;fsJ vjpu;fhyj;ij
ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; cjTk;.
105. ,yq;if rdj;njhif fl;likg;gpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;Jld; Kjpatu;fs; kw;Wk;
MAl;fhy vjpu;ghu;fi
; fapy; Vw;gl;LtUk; mjpfhpg;G kw;Wk; Xa;TngWk; rdj;njhifapd;
Njitfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; Xa;t+jpa khw;W Kiwikfs;
cUthf;FtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; Fiwe;j tl;b tPjq;fs;
kw;Wk; Xa;t+jpaf;fhuu;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhNdhu; tl;b tUkhdj;ij ek;gpapUg;gjd;
fhuzkhf ,g;Gjpa Kiwikfs; cUthf;fg;gLtij Jhpjkhf Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ.
106. rdj;njhif tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; Nkk;gl;LtUk; r%f nghUshjhu epiyikfs; fhuzkhf
fhykhw;wj;NjhL rpwe;j juj;jpyhd tpiyf;F thq;ff;$ba tPLfspd; NjitAk;
mjpfupj;Js;sJ. tpNrlkhf nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy; cs;ehl;L Fbngau;T fhuzkhf
,J ngUk; rpf;fyhd epiyikiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ. If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapd;
Kd;ida Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; tpNrlkhf fhyQ;nrd;w uzrpq;f gpNukjhr [dhjpgjp
mtu;fs; kf;fSf;F tPLfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjpy; kpfTk; ftdk; nrYj;jpdhu;.
mr;nray;
Kiwia
kPz;Lk;
Muk;gpf;ff;
fpilj;jijapl;L
kpfTk;
kfpo;r;rp
milfpNwd;.
107. eLj;jukl;l tUkhdk; ciog;Nghu;fspd; tPl;Lj; NjitahdJ gy tUlq;fshf
mjpfupj;Jr; nrd;Ws;sJ. mjp$ba tpiy fhuzkhf jdpahu; Jiwapdhy;
mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; tPl;Lj; jpl;lq;fspypUe;J cupa tPLfis ,tu;fshy; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjpy; ,ayhj tplakhFk;. MfNt> eLj;ju tUkhd tFjpapdUf;F trjpnra;J
nfhLf;Fk; Kfkhf fpuaj;ijj; jhq;fpf; nfhs;sf;$ba kl;lj;jpyhd tPlL
; j;
jpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; murhq;fj;jpd; jiyaPL ,d;wpaikahjJ. ,J mur
jdpahu; gq;Flikahf mKy;gLj;jg;gl KbAk;.
108. mNj Nghy; jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; kpd;rhuk;> FbePu; tpepNahfk;> tbfhyikg;G kw;Wk;
foptfw;wy;> njhiyj;njhlu;G> ,izajs trjpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy; Mfpad
etPd
nghUshjhunkhd;W
tpidj;jpwdhfTk;
nraw;jpwdhfTk;
nraw;gLtjw;F
NghJkhdjd;W MfNt> Nky; khfhzj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Nkw;$wg;gl;l FiwghLfis
eptu;j;jp nra;A Kfkhf khefuf; Nfhl;ghldhJ ("Magapolis") chpa jPu;thff; fUj
KbAk;.
109. tpidj;jpwdw;w nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Jiw fhuzkhf Fiwe;j gpuahzpfisf; nfhz;l
jdpahu; thfdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; thfd neupry; mjpfupj;J
mJ Fbj;njhFjpapy; kw;Wk; KOg; nghUshjhuj;jpdJk; vhpnghUSf;fhd tpuaj;ij
mjpfupj;Js;sNjhL Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd kdpj kzpj;jpahyq;fis tPzhf;Ffpd;wJ.

29

cau; juj;jpyhd kw;Wk; ek;gfkhd nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J trjp fhzg;glhikapdhy;

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSf;fhf mjp$ba KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhz;lhYk; njhlu;e;Jk;
thfd neupry; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt jw;NghJ efug; gpuNjrq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; tPjpg;
Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; Gifapujg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiwia Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; cupa
eltbf;ifis vLg;gJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fle;j
murhq;fj;jpdhy;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l
murhq;fj;jpd;
gpujhd
mgptpUj;jp
msTNfhyhff; fhzg;gl;l gpujhd tPjpfs; kw;Wk; jhu; ,lg;gl;l tPjp tiyaikg;G
khj;jpuk; ehl;bd; Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpia kjpg;gPL nra;a KbahJ. kpfTk;
gpujhd tplak; vd;dntdpy; jdpg;gl;l thfdq;fspd; ghtidia Fiwg;gjw;F
ehl;bd; midj;J kf;fSk; gad;gLj;jf;$ba nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwik
cUthf;fg;gLtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
110. cgha uPjpahd ,yq;ifapd; miktplk; kw;Wk; tsu;r;rpaile;J tUk; ru;tNjr
njhlu;G vd;gtw;iwf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sk; ,lj;J cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis
tpidj;jpwdhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; jdpahu; Jiw tu;jj
; f eltbf;iffs;
Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLtJ ,f;fhyj;jpw;F kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. fly;fle;J jkJ
Nritfis tpupTgLj;jf;$ba epjp epWtdq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F jdpahu; Jiw
Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;.
,jd;%yk;
jpwd;fisf;
nfhz;l
njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fs;
cUthf;fg;gLtNjhL mJ nghUshjhu eltbf;ifspd; mjpfupg;Gf;Fk; Mjutspf;Fk;.
mNjNtis>
epjpg;gha;r;riy
Cf;Ftpf;Fk;
Nehf;fpy;
cyfshtpa
tu;j;jf
ikankhd;W mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L nraw;gLtjw;F mtrpakhd rl;luPjpahd
trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;. fhytjpahd nghUshjhu Nju;TfspypUe;J tpyfp gy
mgptpUj;jpaile;j kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; ehLfspdhy; ntw;wpfukhf
iff;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s Gjpa kw;Wk; El;gkhd Kiwfis gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fupa fhyk;
,JthFk;.
111. mgptpUj;jpj; Njitfs; kPjhd fz;Nzhl;lkhdJ Rw;whlYld; ,ize;J nry;yy;
Ntz;Lk;. ,jdbg;gilapNy midj;J cl;fl;likg;G fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; mKyhf;fypd;
Kd; Njitahd cupa Rw;whly; njhlu;ghd mDkjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf rpwe;jnjhU nghwpKiwapid cUthf;Ftjd; mtrpak;
NjitNaw;gl;Ls;sJ. gy ghupa fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; R+oy; kw;Wk; R+oypaay;
gpur;rpidfs; rupahd Kiwapy; fhzg;gltpy;iy vd;gjw;Fk; ehk; gy cjhuzq;fis
epYitahf itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.
112. epiy
epw;Fk;
mgptpUj;jp
nra;Kiw
njhlu;gpy;
Rw;whlYf;F
cfe;jJk;
tpidj;jpwdhdJkhd rf;jp ghtidia Cf;Ftpg;gJk; vkJ typAWj;jyhf
mikfpwJ. kpd;tY Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila Jiwfspy; fzpa vz;nza;
mbg;gilapyhd rf;jp gad;ghl;bw;F gjpyhf etPd njhopy;El;gq;fis gad;gLj;jp
R+upaxsp kw;Wk; capupay; jpz;kf;fopTfs; mbg;gilapyhd rf;jp toq;fiy
gad;gLj;Jtjid mjpfupj;jy; ,d;wpaikahjJ.

30

Gjpa nghUshjhu xOq;F

113. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,t; murhq;fj;jpw;F Nkw;$wg;gl;l gpur;rpidfis
jPu;g;gjpy; kw;Wk; ,tw;wpy; gytw;iw ehl;bd; vjpu;fhyg; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f
mgptpUj;jpf;FupaxU cWjpahd mbg;gilapid cUthf;FtjpYk; nghWg;gpidf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jdbg;gilapy; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;ij kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ehk;
fLikahf ciof;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. vkJ ,yf;fhdJ njupTr; Rje;jpuj;jpid
nghUl;gLj;jf; $ba tifapy;nghUshjhu rdehafj;Jld; $ba ngWkjp Nru;gG
;
kw;Wk; Gjpa tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;FtjhFk;.
114. ehq;fs; Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; ru;tNjr Rl;bfspy; ,yq;ifapid
Kd;Ndw;wfukhd epiyapy; gpujpgypf;ff; $baJ. ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd;
epiyia

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F

tpahghuk;

nra;Ak;

Rl;b

(Doing

Business

Index)>

cyfshtpa Nghl;bj;jd;ik Rl;b (Global Competitiveness Index)> cyfshtpa GJik

cUthf;Fk; Rl;b (Global Innovation Index)> tiygpd;dy; jahu; epiy Rl;b (Network
Readiness Index) kw;Wk; cyfshtpa nghUshjhu mwpf;if (Global Economic Report)

vd;gtw;wpy; vkJ epiyia Nkk;gLj;JtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

115. Mifahy; murhq;fkhdJ re;ij Nehf;fpa nfhs;iffis gpd;gw;wp jdpahu;Jiw
nghUshjhu eltbf;iffSf;F trjpaspj;jy; kw;Wk; re;ij nghUshjhuj;jpd;
rpwg;ghd nraw;ghl;bw;F ,ilA+whf cs;s gy;NtWgl;l jilfis ePf;FtjpYk;
murhq;fk;
KOikahf
mu;g;gzpj;Js;sJ.
murhq;fj;jpd;
Gjpa
nghUshjhu
xOq;fhdJ ,e;j tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWtNjhL kw;Wk;
fle;j fhy jtWfs; kw;Wk; gf;fr; rhu;GfspypUe;J tpyfp ,jid g+r;rpaj;ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l jsj;jpypUe;J jahupg;gijapl;L kfpo;rr
; p milfpd;Nwd;.
116. nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>
ehq;fs;
gy
,oe;j
tha;g;Gf;fisf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. fhyQ;nrd;w nfsut ll;yp Nrdhehaf;f mtu;fs; tlf;ifAk;
njw;ifAk; ,izf;Fk; tifapy; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F xUghijia epu;khzpg;gjw;Fupa
mgptpUj;jpia nfhz;bUe;jhu;. Mdhy; khw;W topahf kf;fSf;F muprp toq;Ftjid
tpUk;gpapUe;jhu;. 1967 ,y; Mrpahd; (ASEAN) mikg;gpy; cWg;Gupik ngWtjw;fhd
tha;g;gpid ,yq;iff;F jl;by; itj;J toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. nfsut rghehafu;
mtu;fs;> Mrpahd; khehl;by; gq;FngWk; Nehf;Fld; tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F nrd;wpUe;j
NghJk; rpy ,lJrhup fl;rpfspd; vjpu;g;gpdhy; mjid iftpl;L jpUk;gpdhu;. gpd;duhd
fhyg;gFjpapy; cau;epiyahd ,e;j gpuhe;jpa mikg;gpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw Kaw;rp
nra;ag;gl;l NghJk; mJ ntw;wpaspf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ tUe;jjf;fjhFk;. ,t;thW gy
re;ju;g;gq;fis ehd; vLj;J $w KbAk; vd;gJld; ,tw;wpypUe;J ehk; frg;ghd
ghlq;fis fw;Wf;nfhs;fpNwhk;.
117. ehq;fs; NkYk; mj;jifa re;ju;g;gq;fis jtwtpLk; epiyapy; ,y;iy. ehq;fs; ,d;W
rku;g;gpj;jitfs; toq;fg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;JfpNwhk; vd;gJld; kfpo;r;rpAk;
RgPlr
; Kk; cila xU vjpu;fhyj;jpid vjpu; Nehf;fpAs;Nshk;. vkJ mu;g;gzpg;ghd
Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;gJ vJtpj NtWghLk; mw;wthW rfy ,yq;ifau;fSf;Fk; rpwe;j xU

31

vjpu;fhyj;jpid toq;FtjhFk;. vkJ jha;ehl;bdJk; vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdJk; eyidf;

fUj;jpy; nfhz;L ehk; ahtUk; xUkpj;J Kd;elg;Nghk;.
118. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s vkJ epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis
Kd;ndLj;J nry;tjw;F Njitahd jiyikj;Jtj;jpid toq;Ftjw;F vq;fshy;
KbAk; vd;gJld; mjw;F ehk; jahuhf ,Ug;gJld; tpUg;gKk; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. fle;j
fhyq;fis kwe;J ,e;j Kf;fpakhd gzpapy; xd;wpize;J nraw;gLNthk;.
119. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp> nfsut gpujk ke;jpup> Vida mikr;ruit
rfhf;fs; kw;Wk; vkJ murhq;fk; rhu;gpy; ehd; vkJ jhafj;jpid RgPlr
; k; Nehf;fpa
ghijapy; Kd;ndLj;J nry;tjw;F xd;wpidAkhW gy;NtW murpay; fl;rpfspd;
Mjuthsu;fSf;Fk; el;Gf;fuk; ePl;Lfpd;Nwd;. ehd; vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; rupahd
epiyikfis njspTgLj;jpAs;Nsd;. tUlq;fshf epyTk; ,e;j rPuopT epiyapypUe;J
kPSifg; ngWtjw;F ehk; xd;wpidahJ tpbd; ehk; Kd;Ndwpr; nry;tjw;fhd
tha;g;Gfs; Nja;tilAk;. ,Ul;bidr; rgpg;gjid tpLj;J xU nkOFtu;j;jpapid
xspNaw;wp ,Ul;bid tpsf;fp tpLNthk;.
120. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; vkJ murhq;fj;jpd; fd;dp tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;Ls;s
Kd;nkhopTfis Kd;itg;gjw;F tpUk;GfpNwd;. vkJ murhq;fk; ,d> kj my;yJ
r%f ,ila+Wfis fisAk; murhq;fkhfTk; ,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryprf;
Fbaurpd; ed;dpiyf;fhf xw;Wikahf mu;gg
; zpg;Gld; nraw;gLk; xU murhq;fkhfTk;
cs;sJ.

32

tuT nryTj;jpl;lg; gpNuuizfs;

rpwpa> eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfis Cf;Ftpj;jy;

121. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ehl;bd; Ez;> rpwpa> eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd;
Kf;fpaj;JtkhdJ> mt;tpahghuq;fshdJ Ntiytha;gG
; f;fis cUthf;Fk; NghJk;>
tUkhd tpepNahfj;jpd; Nghjhd gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPh;T fhzy; Nghd;wdtw;wpd;
NghJk; gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpapd; NghJk;> r%f xd;wpizg;gpd; NghJk; ngUk;
gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ. ,d;W Ez;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; Jiw vkJ
nghUshjhu cghaq;fspy; kpf Kf;fpa gq;if tfpf;fpd;wd. nghUshjhuj;jpy;; ngUk;
gq;iff;; nfhz;Ls;s gpujhd Jiwfshf kuj; jsghlq;fs;> jfty; njhopy;El;gk;> ghy;
rhh;e;j cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs;> tPl;Lj; Njhl;lk;> czTf; ifj;njhopy;> fha;fwpfs;>
goq;fs;> ed;dPh; kPd; tsh;g;G> moFf; fiy> myq;fhu kPd; tsh;g;G Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d
JiwfNs tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
122. Ez;> rpwpa> kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfspdhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; gq;fspg;G
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jhYk;
$l>
,j;njhopy;
Kaw;rpahsh;fs;
%yjdj;jpidAk;>
flidAk;> ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpidfspd; fhuzkhf
,t;tpahghuj;jpid tphptilar; nra;jyhdJ> rpukkhd xU tplakhf cs;sJ. vdNt>
vkJ murhq;fk; ,j;njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fspd; tsh;r;rpapd; NghJ gq;fhsh;fshtjw;F
ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. vdNt> Vw;fdNt vk;khy; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;
Kaw;rpahsh;fspd; xl;L nkhj;jg; gpur;rpidfisAk; cs;slf;ff; $ba tifapy; mit
njhlh;ghd nfhs;ifnahd;W jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNeuk; Ez; epjp th;j;jfj;jpid
eph;tfpg;gjw;fhf> ,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rl;l %yk; xd;W rkh;g;gpf;fg;glTs;sNjhL>
,j;Jiwapid
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F
mtrpakhd
xOq;F
Kiw
mjpfhu
rignahd;W ];jhgpf;fg;gLk;. mNj Nghy rfy Ez; epjp epWtdq;fSk; ,t;tjpfhu
rigapd; fPo; xU myFf;F &gh 25>000/= tPjk; tUlhe;jf; fl;lzj;Jf;Fg; gjpT
nra;a Ntz;Lnkdg; gpNuhpf;fpd;Nwd;. nfsut gpujkh; mth;fshy; 2015 etk;gh; khjk; 05
Mk; jpfjp Kd; itf;fg;gl;l nfhs;iff; $w;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;lthW rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju
mstpyhd tpahghug; gphptpdhy; Kfq; nfhLf;fg;gLk; gpur;rpidfSf;F MNyhridf;
FOnthd;W ];jhgpf;fg;gLk;. mNj Nghy> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd tpahghug;
gphptpd; vjph;fhy eltbf;iffs; mth;fspd; ghpe;Jiufis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk;.
123. ,j;Jiwapy; fhzg;gLk; cah;thd eph;thfr; nryT kw;Wk;
,lh; fhuzkhf Ez;>
rpwpa> kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F jw;NghJ cs;s tq;fpfs;
cs;slq;fyhf epjp epWtdq;fspdhy; fld; toq;Fk; NghJ mjpf tpUg;gf; FiwT
fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. mNj Nghd;W jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; epjp epWtdq;fs; gpizia
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L epjpapay; njhlh;ghf mjpf ek;gpf;if itg;gjdhy; Gjpa
njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSk;> jw;NghJ cs;s njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSk; ,g;gpizia
toq;f Kbahj epiy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> 2016 Mk; mz;by; murhq;fj;jpdhy;
toq;fg;gl;l &gh 500 kpy;ypad; mbg;gilj; njhifnahd;iw njhpT nra;ag;gl;l epjp
epWtdq;fspd; cjtpAld; Ez;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F
fld; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;wpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
33

,g;gpNuuizj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; flidr; nrYj;j Kbahj re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mbg;gilf;

fld; njhifapy; 75 rjtPjkhd flDf;F cj;juthjkspf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk;
,j;Jiwapy; njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F xg;gPl;lstpy; kypthd ePz;l fhy
epge;jidfspd;
fPo;
gjpy;
epjp
epWtdj;jpw;Fg;
gpuNtrpg;gjw;fhd
trjpfs;
tphpthf;fg;gLk;. ,J njhlh;ghf ,j;Jiwf;F rYif mbg;gilapyhd tl;b tPjj;jpd; fPo;
epjp trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F cjtp toq;Ftjw;F If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;
100 kpy;ypad; fld; thpirnahd;W Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F
vkf;F tha;g;Gf; fpilj;Js;sJ. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju
mstpyhd njhopy; Kaw;rpf;F cjTtjw;fhf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; nrsghf;a jpl;lk;
kw;Wk; tWik xopg;G Ez;-epjpf; fUj;jpl;lk; Mfpa fld; gpNuuizj; jpl;lq;fs; ghhpa
rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd trjpaspg;nghd;whf mjDld; ,izf;fg;gLk;.
124. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F ,d;W
fhzg;gLk; nghJthd xU epjp Kiwahf gpizia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gLfld;
epjpaPl;bidf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
MapDk;>
mgpg;gpuhaq;fSld; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjdhy;>

tpahghukhdJ
kpf
tpN~lkhd
gpizahf itf;ff; $ba msTf;F

njhl;Lzuf; $ba nrhj;Jf;fs; mth;fsplkpy;iy. vdNt> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;

Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F mtrpakhd gq;Fhpik epjpaPl;L trjpfis toq;Ftjw;fhf tq;fpg;
ghJfhg;Gf;

fk;gdp>

Copah;

Nrkyhg

epjpak;>

Copah;

ek;gpf;if

epjpak;

kw;Wk;

ntspehl;L epjpia cs;slf;fpa epjpaj;jpd; epjp apid ];jhgpg;gjd; Clhf tpahghu

%yjdg; gpuNtrj;jpw;F Muk;gk; xd;wpid toq;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,q;F
ehd; ,jw;fhd epjp cjtpapid toq;FkhW rh;tNjr epjpf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jplKk;> Mrpa
mgptpUj;jp tq;fpaplKk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. mNjNghd;W> jdpahh; Jiw
tpahghuq;fSf;Fk; ,e;epjpaj;jpy; gq;Nfw;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
,e;epjpaj;jpd; Clhf nghWg;G tha;e;j tpahghu %yjdf; fk;gdpfSf;F Fiwthd
jpUk;gnyhd;W fpilf;ff; $ba tifapy; fld; trjpfs; toq;fg;gLk;. mjd; gpufhuk;>
mt;tpahghuf;
fk;gdpfspdhy;
,r;rpwpa
kw;Wk;
eLj;ju
mstpyhd
njhopy;
Kaw;rpfSf;F mtrpakhd gq;Fhpik KjyPl;bid Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,g;gq;Fhpik
KjyP;LfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf ePz;l fhyj;jpw;fhd ngWNgWfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F
mtrpakhd tsh;r;rpia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,f;fk;gdpfspdhy; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju
njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F mtrpakhfTs;s Nritfshd epjpj; jpl;lkply;> jfty;
njhopy;El;gk;>
re;ijg;gLj;jy;
cghaq;fs;
Nghd;wd
toq;fg;gLk;.
,g;g+h;thq;f
Ntiyfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd %yjdf; fk;gdpfSf;fhd epWtd tUkhd
thp 5 tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F 50 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Fiwg;gjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J
2016 Vg;uy; 01 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;;.
125. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> rpwpa ifj;njhopy; g+q;fhf;fis nkhduhfiy> Gj;jsk;>
aho;g;ghzk;> td;dp kw;Wk; mk;ghiw Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; ];jhgpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,r;nraw;ghl;by; ,ize;J nfhs;SkhW jdpahh; JiwiaAk; Nfl;Lf;
nfhs;s
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
,k;KjyPLfs;
njhpT
nra;ag;gl;l
gpuNjrq;fspy;
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf ,yhgk; ciof;Fk; Mz;bypUe;J 3 tUl fhyg; gphptpw;Fs; Fwpg;gpl;l
thp tPjk; 50 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf>&gh 150
kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; gpNuhpf;fpd;Nwd;.
34

126. NkYk;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fs; jkJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis
re;ijg;gLj;Jk; NghJ gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ vdf;Fj;
njhpAk;. re;ijg;gLj;jYf;Fk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jYf;Fk; epjp gw;whf;Fiwahf ,Ug;gjdhy;>
mth;fspd; rpwg;Gr; re;ijfs; kw;Wk; rpy;yiwf; filfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F njhopy;
Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F mtrpakhd mYkhhpfis epahakhd tpiyf;F toq;Ftjd; %yk;
mth;fSf;Ff; ifnfhLf;FkhW ehd; kpfTk; jho;ikAld; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

tptrhak;
127. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tptrhaj;JiwahdJ> vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; r%f
epiyapYk;> tuyhw;wpYk; mbj;jskhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. MapDk;> fpilf;fpd;w Gs;sp
tpguk; ,j;Jiw gw;wpa NtWgl;l fijnahd;iwr; nrhy;fpd;wJ. vkJ tptrha
,wf;Fkjpfs; Rkhh; 1>000 If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; kpy;ypad;fshFk;. vkJ tptrhapfs;
fhyepiy khw;wq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fspdhYk;> ,ilj;jufh;fspd; Ruz;lypdhYk;>
jkJ mWtilfSf;F epahakhd tpiynahd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahj
neUf;fbahd xU epiyf;F ,d;Dk; js;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wdh;. ,jd; %yk; vkJ
Efh;NthUk; juk; Fiwe;j tptrha cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fSf;F epahakw;w tpiyfisr;
nrYj;j Ntz;ba epiyNaw;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> ,g;Nghf;fpw;F cldbahfj; jPh;T
vLf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;jpid ehk; czh;fpNwhk;. ,J njhlh;ghf tphpthd xU
Nfhzj;jpy; ghh;f;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;jpidAk; ehk; czh;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;epiyikapd;
fPo; Gjpa tptrhaf; nfhs;ifnahd;wpid jahhpg;gjw;fhf vkJ Gjpa murhq;fj;jpw;F
jiyikj;Jtj;jpid toq;Fk; mjp NkjF [dhjpgjp mth;fSk;> nfsut gpujkh;
mth;fSk;> mth;fsJ ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;jpAs;sdh;.gaph;fisg; gd;Kfg;gLj;jy;
kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jy; Mfpadtw;wpd; Clhf 2018 Mk; Mz;lstpy;
vkJ ehL Nrhsk;> mtiu> kpsfha;> cUisf; fpoq;F> kw;Wk; nghpa ntq;fhak;
Mfpadtw;wpd;
cw;gj;jpapy;
jd;dpiwT
ngWtjw;Fk;>
jq;fpapUf;Fk;
tptrha
KiwikapypUe;J tptrha th;j;jfk; tiu tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mjd; %yk; 2020 Mk;
Mz;lstpy; Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijf;Fs; gpuNtrpf;ff; $ba tifapy; vkJ tptrhaf;
nfhs;if jahhpf;fg;gLk;.
128. NkYk;> tptrhaj; Jiwapd;; mWtilapid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd cfe;j cghaj;jpid
mur kw;Wk; jdpahh; Jiwapd; cWjpahd xUq;fpizg;gpd; kPJ jq;fpAs;sij ehk;
,dq;fz;Ls;sNjhL>
mjd;
%yk;
tptrhaj;
Jiwapd;
epuk;gy;
rq;fpypiag;
gyg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;af; $bajhf cs;sJ. ,q;F ehk;
jiyikj;Jtj;jpid Vw;gjw;F jdpahh; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpg;Nghk;. tpijfs;> ehw;Wg;
nghUl;fs;> Nghd;wdtw;iw cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdq;fSf;F trjpfis mspf;ff;
$ba epjpr; R+oy; xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf gad;Lj;jg;glhj> Fiw
gad;ghl;Lf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l mur fhzpfis Nfs;tpfSf;F Vw;g toq;FtJ
cs;slq;fyhf gy;NtW nraw;ghLfis vLg;gjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
129. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tptrhaj; Jiwf;fhd KjyPlhdJ> tpN~lkhf cw;gj;jpj;
jpwdpd; tpUj;jp vd;gJ kpf Kf;fpakhd xU Njitg;ghlhFk;. kpfr; rpwe;j cw;gj;jpj;
jpwndhd;wpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cah; juj;jpyhd tpijfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;
$bajhf cs;sikahdJ kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mjd; gpufhuk;> cah; juj;jpyhd
tpijfisAk;> ehw;Wg; nghUl;fisAk; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F mur kw;Wk; jdpahh;
35

Jiwfspd; rpwe;j xUq;fpizg;gpid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;glhj>Fiwthfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l murhq;ff; fhzpfs; ntFkjpahf jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gLk;.
,jw;fhf>&gh 1000 kpy;ypad; epjpia xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
130. nrhl;L ePh;g;ghrd KiwikfisAk;> gr;ir ,y;y njhopy;El;gq;fisAk;; gad;gLj;Jk;
kw;Wk; cah; tpisr;riyj; juf; $ba tpijfis mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; fk;gdpfSf;F
miuthrp

thp tpLKiw (Half Tax Holidays) toq;fg;gLk.; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid tpUj;jp

nra;tjw;fhd
nghwpKiwg;gLj;jypd;
,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fspd;
ePf;Ftjw;Fk; ehd;; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid
,dq;fz;L
,wf;Fkjp njhlh;ghd ,wf;Fkjp

tptrha
thpfis

131. mNj Neuk;> xUq;fpize;j gq;Nfw;nghd;Wlhd epuk;gy; rq;fpyp ,izg;Gf;fis

gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tptrha tphpthf;fy;
cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspd; mwptpid mth;fsJ
ehshe;j
flikfSf;F
Nkyjpfkhf
jdpahh;
Jiwapd;
gz;izfspYk;
fl;lznkhd;wpid mwtpLtjd; %yk; toq;Ftjw;F mDkjp toq;Ftjw;Fk; ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
132. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fsQ;rpag;gLj;jYk;> re;ijg;gLj;jYk; vkJ tptrhaj;
Jiwapy; epytp tUk; gpujhd xU gpur;rpidahFk;. Rkhh; 30 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 40
rjtPjkhfTs;s mWtilf;Fg; gpd;du; Vw;glf;$ba ,og;Gf;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf etPd
njhopy;El;gj;ijf; nfhz;l KOikahd fsQ;rpaq;fis ];jhgpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;. tptrha mWtilapd; NghJ tpiy Fiwtile;J nry;tjdhy; Vw;glf;
$ba ghjfkhd tpisTfisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf tptrhapfspd; ney;> Nrhsk;> vs;S>
kpsF> cOe;J Nghd;w gaph;fspd; tpisr;ry;fisAk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jf; $ba tifapy;
tptrhapfSf;F cah; juj;jpyhd fsQ;rpa trjpfs; toq;fg;gLk;. ,f;fsQ;rpa
trjpfspd; NghJ jkJ mWtilfis fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; NghJ fsQ;rpaj;jpdhy;
toq;fg;gLk; rpl;il th;j;jf tq;fpnahd;Wf;F toq;Ftjd; %yk; tptrhapfs; jkJ
cld; gzj; Njitia fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s mWtilfspd; ngWkjpapy; 50
rjtPjk; ngWkjpahd fld; epjpj; njhifnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf
,Uf;Fk;.
MapDk;>
tpiy
mjpfhpf;Fk;
re;jh;g;gj;jpy;
tptrhapfs;
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s jkJ mWtilfis re;ijapy; epyTk; cah;thd tpiyf;F
tpw;gid nra;af; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,r;nrad;Kiwf;Fs; tptrhap ,ilj; jufh;fspd;
Ruz;lYf;F cs;shfkypUg;gNjhL> gUtky;yhj fhyg;gFjpapy; jkJ mWtilfSf;F
cah;thd tpiynahd;W
fpilf;fg; ngWtijAk; cWjpg;gLj;jf; $bajhf cs;sJ.
Vw;fdNt> murhq;fk; mDuhjGuk;> nkhduhfiy khtl;lq;fspy; ,t;thwhd fsq;rpa
trjpfs; eph;khzpj;Js;sNjhL> kd;dhh; khtl;lj;jpy; fsQ;rpankhd;W eph;khzpf;fg;gl;Lk;
tUfpd;wJ. ,k;Kiwikapd; Clhf tptrhapfspd;
cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs; ,Wjp
Efh;NthDf;F mDg;Gk; NghJ ,ilapy;; Vw;glf;$ba nryTfs; Fiwtiltjdhy;>
rhjhuz tpiynahd;wpidr; nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; Efh;NthUf;Fk; gaDs;sjha;
mikfpd;wJ. mjd; gpufhuk; nghydWit> fpspnehr;rp> ,uj;jpdGhp (vk;gpypgpl;ba)
khtl;lq;fspy; ,t;thwhd fsQ;rpaq;fis eph;khzpg;gjw;Fk;> kd;dhh; khtl;lj;jpy;
jw;NghJ eph;khzpf;fg;gl;L tUk; fsQ;rpaj;jpd; vQ;rpAs;s Ntiyfis G+h;j;jp
nra;tjw;Fk; &gh 1>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

36

133. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tptrhapfspd; cw;gj;jpr; nrytpidAk;> Efh;NthUf;F

Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fj;jpidAk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> fPhp rk;gh mhprp xU fpNyh &gh 50/=
,w;Fk;> rk;gh mhprp xU fpNyh &gh 41/= ,w;Fk; ehL mhprpapidAk;>Vida tif
mhprpapidAk;

xU

fpNyh

&gh

38/= vDk;

mbg;gilapy;

ney;ypw;F

cj;juthj

tpiynahd;wpid toq;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd; gadhf Efh;Nthh; xU fpNyh

mhprpapid ruhrhpahf 65/= tpw;F ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
134. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehl;bd; mhprp cw;gj;jp mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. Nghrizf;
Fiwg;ghL mjpfKs;s rKh;j;jp gaDfhpfSf;fpilNa ifapUg;gpYs;s mhprpapid
tpepNahfpg;gjD}lhf mjidg; gad;gLj;JNthk;. Kd;nkhopag;gl;l ,j;jpl;lk; Nghriz
kl;lj;ij
cah;j;Jk;.
,jw;fhf
Vwj;jho
44>000
nkw;wpf;
njhd;
mhprpia
gad;gLj;jTs;Nshk;.
135. ehk;
vkJ
mhprpia
Vw;Wkjp
nra;tjw;fhd
nghUj;jkhd
fhyk;
,g;NghJ
Njhd;wpAs;sjhf ehd; vz;Zfpd;Nwd;. Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijf;Fs; Eioaf;; $ba mhprp
tiffis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F tptrhapfis Cf;Ftpg;Nghk;. ,yq;if mhprpf;fhd
th;j;jf ,yr;rpidnahd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;wpidj;
jahhpg;gjw;Fk; vkJ mhprpf;fhd ntspehl;Lr; re;ijfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;;fhf Vw;Wkjp
mgptpUj;jpr; rigapid Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.
136. nfsut

rghehafh;

mth;fNs>

Ml;rpf;F

te;j

xt;nthU

murhq;fKk;

tptrha

r%fj;jpd; ed;ik fUjp gy;NtW ed;ikfis toq;fpAs;sd. ,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy;>

cu khdpak;> fhzp> njhopy;El;g cjtpfs;> tpijfs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW ed;ikfs;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. MapDk;> ,d;W vk;kplk; vd;d cs;sJ? tptrhaj; JiwapypUe;J
nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpf;Ff; fpilj;j gq;fspg;G gbg;gbahff; Fiwe;J te;Js;sJ.
xU
n`f;NlaUf;F fpilf;fg; ngw;w tpisr;ry;
kpff; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy;
fhzg;gl;ljdhy;> vkf;F rh;tNjr hPjpahf Nghl;b Nghl Kbahj epiyik Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
gpujhd ney;Yw;gj;jpg; gpuNjrq;fspy; r%fg; gpur;rpidahf khwpAs;s rpWePuf NehahdJ
mjpf mstpyhd cug; ghtidapd; fhuzkhf Vw;gl;Ls;snjd;gJ tpthjj;Jf;F
toptFj;Js;sJ. mNj Nghd;W> ePh; kw;Wk; kz; khRgLtjw;Fk; toptFj;Js;sNjhL>
mjd; %yk; Rfhjhug; gpur;rpidfs; gytw;wpw;Fk; Rw;whly; mopTfSf;Fk; mit
fhuzkhf mike;Js;sd. ehk; ,d;W Kfq; nfhLj;Js;s ,g;gpur;rpidahdJ vkJ
tptrhaf; nfhs;ifapd; vjph;fhyj;jpidj; jPh;khdpg;gjw;F ve;j mstpw;F jhf;fj;jpid
Vw;gLj;Jk;? cug; ghtidf;Fk;> ney;Yw;gj;jpapd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwDf;Fk; ,ilapy;
Neubahd
Neu;
kiwahd
njhlh;G
,y;iynad;gJ
Ma;Tfspd;
%yk;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
ney;
tptrhapfSf;F
ve;j
msTf;F
cjtpfs;
toq;fg;gl;lhYk; $l> mth;fs; vkJ ehl;by; ,d;Dk; jq;fpapUg;Nghhpdplj;jpy; thOk;
xU gphptpduhfNt cs;sdh;. mNj Nghy> Efh;NthUf;Fk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l ed;ikfs;
fpilf;fg;ngwtpy;iy. tptrhafSf;;Nfh my;yJ Efh;NthUf;Nfh vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l
ed;ikfs; fpilf;fhtpl;lhy;> tptrhap kw;Wk; Efh;Nthd;; vDk; ,U jug;gpdUk; mjpf
mstpy; ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba tifapy; vkJ tptrha cghaq;fs;
njhlh;ghf kPz;Lk; rpe;jpg;gjw;F cq;fis ehd; tYg;gLj;Jfpd;Nwd;. vdNt. jw;NghJ
toq;fg;gLk;
cu
khdpaj;jpid
rpwpa
mstpyhd
new;nra;ifg;
gz;Zk;
37

tptrhapfSf;F khj;jpuk; toq;FkhW Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjd; gpufhuk;> ney;

tptrhapfSf;F xU n`f;Nlah; tiu rpW Nghfk; kw;Wk; ngUk; Nghfk; Mfpa ,uz;L
Nghfq;fSk; cs;slq;ff; $ba tifapy; tUlhe;jk; $baJ 25>000 &ghtpw;F cl;gl;L
fhR ed;nfhil xd;W toq;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; tptrhapfs; jkJ tptrhaj;jpw;F
mtrpakhd cs;sPLfisj; jPh;khdpg;gjw;F ngUkstpyhd Rje;jpunkhd;W fpilg;gNjhL>
mjd; %yk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwDk; mjpfhpf;fg;glyhk; vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf>
&gh
37>500
kpy;ypad;fis
xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;F
ehd;
Kd;
nkhoptNjhL>
,j;njhifahdJ 2015 Mk; Mz;by;
mjpfkhd njhifahFk;.

xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;l &gh 35>000 kpy;ypaid tpl

goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfs;

137. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lr; re;ijfSf;Fg;
gpuNtrpf;ff; $ba tifapy; goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpf;ifj;njhopyhdJ Nghjpa
mstpw;F th;j;jf hPjpahf mgptpUj;jpailtpy;iy.
138. ePufw;wg;gl;lJk;> jfuq;fspy; milf;fg;gl;lJkhd goq;fspd; ifj;njhopyhdJ ,d;Dk;
Muk;g fl;lj;jpNyNa cs;sNjhL> ,d;Dk; mgptpUj;jpailahj epiyapYKs;sJ.
,f;ifj;njhopiy Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,f;ifj;njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;s epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;
jdpg;gl;l egh;fs; jkJ ifj;njhopiy tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf tq;fpfspdhy; toq;fg;gl;l
fld;fSf;F mwtplg;gLk; tl;bapd; 50 rjtPj tl;br; rYifnahd;iw toq;Ftjw;FKd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,f;ifj;njhopYf;F
thpapypUe;J tpLjiy nra;ag;gLk;
nfhLg;gdT fopTk; toq;fg;gLk;.

mtrpakhd
,ae;jpuq;fSf;fhd
vd;gJld; Nja;Tf;F Nkyjpfkhf

,wf;Fkjp
fzprkhd

139. njhopy;El;gk;> cah;ej

; mstpyhd tpisr;riyj; juf;$ba ehw;Wg; nghUl;fs;> kw;Wk;
tpijfspd;
ghtid>
kw;Wk;
CLgaph;fspd;
Clhf
fhzpg;gad;ghl;bid
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; jdpahh; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. Fiwthfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj murhq;ff; fhzpfis goq;fs; kw;Wk;
fha;fwp tptrhapfspd; Ntz;LNfhs;fis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Fj;jiff;F
toq;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
140. Etnuypah> jk;Gs;is> vk;gpypgpl;ba> nfg;gpl;bg;nghy> kw;Wk; jk;Gj;Njfk gpuNjrq;fspy;
mike;Js;s nghUshjhu epiyaq;fSf;F mUfhikapy; goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfis
fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jdpahh; Jiw %yk; eph;tfpf;fg;gLk;
5 Fspuiwfis
epWTtjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; re;ij tpiyfspy; ];jpu epiyia
Vw;gLj;JtNjhL>
mWtilf;Fg;
gpd;duhd
,og;Gf;fisf;
Fiwg;gjw;Fk;
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd;
Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

ghw;gz;izf; ifj;njhopy;
141. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> re;ijapy; cs;ehl;Lg; ghw;gz;izf; ifj;njhopypd;
gq;fhdJ kpff; FiwthFk;. cs;ehl;L ghy; cw;gj;jpapid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk;>ghy;
cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpiaj; jLg;gjw;Fk;> Kd;ida murhq;fj;jpdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Kaw;rpfis ehk; kjpf;fpd;Nwhk;;. ghy; cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf
cs;ehl;L ghy; cw;gj;jpahsh;fis Cf;Ftpg;gNj murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;ifahFk;. mjd;
38

gpufhuk;>cs;ehl;by;

cw;gj;jp

nra;ag;gLk;

400

fpuhk;

ghy;kh

gf;fl;LfSf;F

$ba

rpy;yiw tpiy &gh 325 /= ,ypUe;J &gh 295/= tiu Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mt;thW tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk; 400 fpuhk; ghy; kh gf;fl;nlhd;Wf;F
murhq;fj;jpdhy; &gh 30/= khdpankhd;wpid cs;ehl;Lg; ghy; cw;gj;jpahsh;fSf;F
toq;Ftjw;Fk; mjw;fhf &gh 1>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J tho;f;ifr; nrytpidf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ghy; cw;gj;jpahsh;fis
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk; cjTk;.
142. ghw;gz;izf; ifj;njhopy; Jiw %yk; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Ff; fpilf;Fk;
gq;fspg;ghdJ
kpfTk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mjid tsh;r;rpAwr;
nra;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt>mur kw;Wk; jdpahh;
Jiwfspd;
gq;Nfw;gpd;
fPo;
th;j;jf
mstpyhd
ghw;gz;iz
Kiwikapid
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf Fiwe;jJ &gh 25>000 kpy;ypad;fSf;F KjyPL nra;gth;fSf;F
Fiwthfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
my;yJ
gad;gLj;jg;glhj
murhq;ff;
fhzpfis
toq;Ftjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> mt;thwhd Fiwthfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj murhq;ff; fhzpfis ntsp tsh;g;ghsh;fs; %yk; cah;
tpisr;riyj; juf; $ba Gy; tiffis tsh;gg
; jw;Fk;>mur kw;Wk; jdpahh; Jiwfspd;
gq;Nfw;Gfspd;
Vw;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk;
ehd;
;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
NkYk;>
ghw;gz;izf; ifj;njhopYld; njhlh;Gila ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; kPjhd
,wf;Fkjp thpfisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
143. ehl;by; jputg;ghy; Efh;thdJ ,d;Dk; cj;Ntfj;jpid milahjjdhy;> jputg;ghy;
Efh;T njhlh;ghf ghhpa xU Nkk;ghl;L epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;wpid
kiyehl;L Gjpa
fpuhkq;fs;> Njhl;l cl;fl;likg;G kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj;jp mikr;R kw;Wk; Rfhjhu>
Ngh~hf;F kw;Wk; RNjr itj;jpa mikr;R Mfpatw;wpd; <Lghl;Lld; ehlshtpa hPjpahf
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

flw;nwhopy;
144. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ehL xU jPthf ,Ue;jhYk; $l> ehk; ,d;Dk;
tUlhe;jk; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 150 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd kPd;fisAk;> kPd;
cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fisAk; ,wf;Fkjp nra;fpd;Nwhk; vd;w nra;jpia ftiyAld;
njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. vkJ cs;ehl;L kPdth;fs; gpujhdkhf gUt fhy
epiyikfspd; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; tpiy Vw;wj; jho;TfspdhYk;> gw;whf;Fiwahd
fsQ;rpa
trjpfspdhYk;>
xOq;F
Kiwr;
rl;lfq;fspd;
khw;wq;fspdhYk;>
gw;whf;Fiwthd epjp trjpfs; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ th;j;jfq;fis tphpthf;Ftjw;fhd
Gjpa re;ijfSf;Fg; Eiotjw;Fs;s Fiwthd tha;g;Gf;fs; Nghd;wdtw;wpd; fhuzkhf
,d;Dk; jhf;fq;fSf;F cl;glf;$ba epiyikapNyNa cs;sdh;.
145. kPdth;fspd; njhopy;rhh;e;j ghjpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; jhf;fq;fs; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd r%fg;
ghJfhg;G tiyaikg;gpd;ghy; murhq;fj;jpd; mh;g;gzpg;ghf flypy; mth;fs; re;jpf;Fk;
tpgj;Jfspw;F Rkhh; xU kpy;ypad; &gh ngWkjpahd MAl; fhg;GWjp toq;fg;gLk;.
,f;fhg;GWjp
NjLjy;
kw;Wk;
caph;;fhg;G
eltbf;iffSf;fhd
nryTfisAk;
cs;slf;Fk;.
146. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j Ie;jhz;L fhykhf vkJ ehl;by; tUlhe;jk;
mz;zsthf &gh 5000 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l kPd;fs;
,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ifj;njhopypYs;s tha;g;Gf;fis toq;Ftjd; %yk; kPd;
39

jfuj;jpyilf;Fk; Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLtjw;F jdpahh; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

,f;ifj;njhopYf;F ntFkjpfis toq;Ftjd; %yk; yf; rnjhr ypkpl;ll;bd; Clhf
cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis kPz;Lk; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhd nghwpKiwnahd;wpid
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjD}lhf xU jfuj;jpy; milf;fg;gl;l
kPd; 125 &gh vDk; rYif tpiyf;F tpw;f KbAk;. ,J tho;f;ifr; nrytpid
Fiwg;gjw;F cjTk;.
ehd; &gh 300 kpy;ypad; yf; rNjhr epWtdj;Jf;F
xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
147. NkYk;

,e;epiyikapy;>

kPd;fs;

kw;Wk;

kPd;

cw;gj;jpg;

nghUl;fs;

njhlh;ghd

,wf;FkjpfSf;F tpN~l nghUl;fSf;fhd thpia &gh 50/= Mf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd;

Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
NkYk;
Fiwf;fg;gLk;.
148. flw;nwhopy;
ifj;njhopYf;F

kPdg
; pb

tiyfSf;fhd

trjpaspg;gjw;fhf>

,wf;Fkjpj;

jPu;itAk;

Fspuiwfisf;

nfhz;l

fsQ;rpaq;fSldhd
etPd
njhopy;El;g
trjpfisf;
nfhz;l
cs;ehl;L
kPdg
; pbj;JiwKfq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk;> juKah;j;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;> rpyhgk;> kphp];]> fy;Kid> ty;ntl;bj; Jiw> fhiuefh; kw;Wk;
Guhznty;y Mfpa ,d;Ndhud;d kPd;gpbj; JiwKfq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf
&gh 750 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,j;JiwKfq;fs;
kPd;gpbg;glFfisj; jpUj;Jtjw;Fk;> jahhpg;gjw;Fkhd trjpfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.
149. tptrha kw;Wk; kPd;gpb cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; ,lq;fSf;F
mz;ikapy; mjDld; ,ize;jtptrha kw;Wk; kPd; gjg;gLj;Jk; trjpaspg;Gf;fis
cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;trjpaspg;Gf;fisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;tjdhy;
mit fpua tpidj;jpwid cilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. NkYk;> mDuhjGuk;> tTdpah kw;Wk;
fpspnehr;rp khtl;lq;fis ,izj;J tptrha fhy;eil kw;Wk; kPd; gjg;gLj;Jk;
g+q;fhf;fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 100
kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
150. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ed;dPh; kPd; tsh;g;ghdJ czTg; Ngh~hf;fpid
toq;FtNjhL> tUkhdj;jpw;fhd xU
%ykhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,j;JiwahdJ
Fiwthfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
xU
JiwahfTk;
tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
vdNt>
kPd;
,dg;ngUf;fj;
jpwid
tpUj;jp
nra;atjw;fhd
epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fis
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F Njrpa ePhpay;ts mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigf;F &gh 100
kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
151. NkYk; Rw;whlYf;F ve;j tpj mopTfSk; epfohj gb fiuNahu kPd; tsh;g;gpid
(ePhpay;
tsq;fis)
mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjw;F
rhj;jpakhd
jdpahh;
Jiw
KjyPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd re;jh;g;gj;ij
toq;Ftjd; %yk; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy;
ePhpay; g+q;fhnthd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
th;j;jf hPjpahd
ePhpay; tsr; nraw;ghLfis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Njitia cila epWtdq;fSf;fhd
KjyPL jahh; jsnkhd;wpid ,e;ePhpay; tsg; g+q;fh Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,e;ePhpay; tsg;
g+q;fh mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;glTs;sNjhL> mur kw;Wk; jdpahh; gq;Nfw;nghd;whf ,J
eph;tfpf;fg;gLk;. ,J njhlh;ghd g+h;thq;f eltbf;iffSf;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypad;fis
xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
152. fle;j mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; ,uhy; ifj;njhopyhdJ gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F
Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sNjhL> mit ,d;Dk; jPh;ff
; g;glhj epiyapNyNa cs;sd. MapDk;>
,uhy; ifj;njhopypYs;s tha;g;Gf;fis toq;Ftjd; %yk; Kd; nkhopag;gl;Ls;s
40

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; epjp cjtpAldhd rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd

njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;fhd fld; thpirapd; Clhf ,uhy; tsh;g;NghUf;Fk;> ,uhy; FQ;Rg;
nghhpg;gfq;fis nraw;gLj;JNthh; kw;Wk; gjg;gLj;JNthhpd; %yjdk; kw;Wk; njhopy;
%yjdj; Njitg;ghLfis toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,uhy;; gz;izfis
nraw;gLj;jp tUNthUf;F rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd fld; cj;juthjq;fis
Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; cjtpAld; toq;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
153. INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpYs;s re;ijfSf;F vkJ kPd;fis Vw;Wkjp nra;tijj; jil
nra;Js;sikahdJ>vkJ cs;ehl;L kPdth;fis Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; ghjpj;Js;sJ.
vdNt> czh;T g+h;tkhd xU murhq;fk; vd;w tifapy;> vkJ rpy
kPdth;fs;
vjph;Nehf;fp tUk; rpukq;fs; vkf;Fj; njhpAk;. mjd; gpufhuk;> INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;Jf;F
vkJ kPd;fis Vw;Wkjp nra;tjpYs;s jilapid ePf;Ftjw;Fk; kPz;Lk; mr;re;ijf;Fs;
Eiotjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjw;fhfTk; murhq;fk; njhlh;r;rpahf
fye;Jiuahly;fis
Nkw;nfhz;L
tUfpd;wJ.
murhq;fkhdJ>
rh;tNjr
Njitg;ghLfSf;Fg; nghUe;jf; $ba tifapy; kPd;gpbg; glFfSf;F fz;fhzpg;G fUtp
(l;uhd;];nghd;lh;)fisg; nghUj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis vLj;Js;sJ.
154. flw;nwhopy; Jiwapdhy; nghUshjhuj; Jiwf;F fpilf;ff; $ba gq;fspg;gpid
cah;tilar; nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld; Mo; flypy; kPd; gpbg;gjw;fhd mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fis
toq;Fk; Kiwiknahd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eltbf;iffis vLg;gjw;F
vjph;ghh;g;gNjhL> mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; xt;nthU kPdtUk; kPdt
r%fj;jpy;
Fiwe;jJ 100 kPdth;fis ,j;njhopw;ghl;by; <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.

Nfhopg; gz;iz
155. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> cs;ehl;L Nfhopg;gz;izf; ifj;njhopyhsh;fspd;
cw;gj;jpfspd; juj;jpidAk;> cw;gj;jpj; jpwidAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F mtrpakhd
KjyPLfis tphptilar; nra;jiy ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. NkYk;> ,yq;if gwitf;
fha;r;rypypUe;J tpLjiy ngw;w xU ehlhf tpsq;Ftjdhy; fpilf;Fk; ed;ikahdJ
tpN~lkhf kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfs; cs;slq;fyhf ntspehl;Lr; re;ijfspy;
Eiotjw;Fs;s tha;g;Gf;fisg; ngWk; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd;
Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. murhq;fj;jpdhy; ,J njhlh;ghf g+uz MjuT toq;fg;gLk;.
ngUe;Njhl;lg; nghUshjhuk;
156. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 1992 Mk; Mz;by; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l gpuhe;jpa
ngUe;Njhl;lf; fk;gdpfSf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhykhdJ Vw;fdNt g+h;j;jp nra;Js;sd.
vdNt> rfy gpuhe;jpa ngUe;njhl;lf; fk;gdpfis nfhOk;Gg; gq;Fr; ghpkhw;wr;
re;ijapy; gl;bayplg;gl;l fk;gdpfshf khw;wf; $ba tifapy; mtw;iw Kfhikj;Jtk;
nra;af; $ba tifapy; rpW myFfshf kPs;fl;likg;gjd; Clhf Gj;Jzh;r;rp
Cl;Ltjw;fhd fhyk; Njhd;wpAs;sJ. mNj Nghy gpuhe;jpa ngUe;Njhl;lf; fk;gdpfspd;
fhzpfspy; gy;NtW gaph;fis gaphpLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tiuaiwfis
nefpo;thf;Ftjw;Fk;; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
vt;thwhapDk;> kPs; gaph;r;nra;if>
kw;Wk; etPdkag;gLj;jYf;fhd ePz;l fhy KjyPLfSf;F gpuhe;jpa ngUe;Njhl;lf;
fk;gdpfspd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fSf;F
gpize;Js;s Fj;jiff; fhyj;jpid kPz;Lk;
41

fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba

ePbg;gjw;Fk; gpNuhpf;fpd;Nwd;.

Kfhikj;Jtf;

fl;lznkhd;Wld;

50

tUlq;fSf;F

Njapiy
157. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> NjapiyahdJ ,yq;ifapd; gpujhd Vw;Wkjpg; gapuhf
,d;Dk; fhzg;gl;lhYk; $l> mjd; ngWkjp
Nrh; ngWkhdk;; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l
kl;lj;ij milaf; $ba msTf;Fg; NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy. ,f;ifj;njhopyhdJ>
jw;NghJ rh;tNjr re;ijapy; mjpf mstpyhd gpd;dilnthd;Wf;F Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sJ.
,J rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd Njapiy gaphpLNthhpd; kPJ jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. vdNt> ,g;gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;gjw;F mur kw;Wk; jdpahh; Jiwia
cs;slf;fpa nraw;FOnthd;iw epakpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Njapiyj; J}shf;fy;
158.

,yq;if> cyfpd; gpujhd Njapiy cw;gj;jpahsuhf cs;sNghjpYk; ngWkjpr;

Nrh;f;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu Lgha; Nghd;w re;ijfis ,oe;Js;sJ. fle;j rpy
khjq;fSf;Fs; Njapiyf; ifj;njhopy; epWtdq;fspdhy; ,yq;iff;Fj; Njapiy
,wf;Fkjpfis
nefpo;thf;;Ftjw;fhd
cWjpahd
xU
Ntz;LNfhs;
rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> ,yq;if Njapiyf;fhd Nfe;jpu];jhdkhf Njapiyf;
fyg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffspd; Clhf Nrh;f;fg;gLk; ngWkjpapid
mjpfhpf;Fk;
Nehf;FlDk;
tpUj;jp
nra;tjw;fhd
Nehf;FlDk;>
,yq;iff;Fj;
Njapiyia ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;fhd xOq;F Kiwr; rl;lfj;Jf;Fs; ,Wf;fkw;wjhf;f
Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

mjd;

%yk;

Ceylon Tea vDk;

,yr;rpidg;

ngah;

khwhJ

itj;jpUg;gjw;fhf ngahpLtjidf; fl;lhag;gLj;Jfpd;Nwd;.

,wg;gh;
159. nfsut mikr;rh; mth;fNs> ,wg;gh; Jiw njhlh;ghd rhj;jpa ts Ma;Tfis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf ,wg;gh; JiwAld; njhlh;Gila gq;Fjhuh;fs; kw;Wk; ngUe;Njhl;lf;
ifj;njhopy;fs;

mikr;R

xd;wpize;J

gpujhd

jpl;lnkhd;W

(Master

Plan)

jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf murhq;fj;jpdhy; njhopy;El;g cjtpAk; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf ,j;Jiwapdhy; Kfq;nfhLf;fg;gLk; gy;NtW
gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPh;T toq;fg;gLtNjhL> vjph;fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba
nraw;ghLfisAk; ,dq;fz;Ls;sJ. mNjNghd;W> ifj;njhopyhsh;fSf;F ,wf;Fkjpia
,Wf;fkw;wjhf;Ftij
tpl
cs;ehl;L
,wg;giug;
gad;gLj;JkhW
ehd;
jahhpg;ghsh;fsplk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,j;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F
Mjutspf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; ngUe;Njhl;lf; ifj;njhopy;fs; mikr;Rf;F &gh 100
kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
njq;Ff; ifj;njhopy;
160. njq;Ff; ifj;njhopYk; Vw;fdNt ngWkjpNrh; gpur;rpidf;F Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sJ.
,jw;fhd fhuzk; Njq;fha; cw;gj;jpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpyhd gq;F czT
jahhpg;gjw;fhf tPLfspy; gad;gLj;JtNjahFk;. njq;Ff; ifj;njhopyhsh;fspd;; Ntz;L
NfhSf;fpzq;f> Fwpg;gpl;l murhq;f epWtdq;fspdhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLk;
Jiwf;Fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
,dq;fhzg;gl;l
ngWkjpNrh;
nraw;ghLfSf;F
Njq;fha;fis
42

,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhoptNjhL> ,t;Tw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs; gpd;dh; Vw;Wkjp

nra;ag;gLk;. ,t;thW gpNuhpf;fg;gLk; Njq;fhia ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;fhd mDkjpahdJ
kpfTk;
fLikahf Muhag;gl;L Njit mtrpak; fUjpNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
mt;thW njq;F Nkk;ghl;L eltbf;iffs; cs;slq;fyhf njq;Fg; gaph;r;nra;ifapd;
GdUj;jhuz epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F &gh 250 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
161. Njapiy kw;Wk; ,wg;gh; JiwfSf;fhd rYiffis toq;Ftjw;fhf ,g;ngUe;Njhl;lj;
JiwfspYs;s fk;gdpfSf;F 02 tUl thptpyf;F toq;fg;gLk;.
162. Njapiy>

,wg;gh;

kw;Wk;

njq;Ff;

ifj;njhopypid

tpUj;jp

nra;tjw;fhf

kpfTk;

tphpthd
Kiwapy;
Muha;r;rpfis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
mtrpakhf
cs;sNjhL>
mf;fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; thapyhfj;
Njapiy Muha;r;rp epWtdk;> ,wg;gh; Muha;r;rp
epWtdk; kw;Wk; njq;F Muha;r;rp epWtdk; Mfpa epWtdq;fis gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
mjd; %yk; me;epWtdq;fspdhy; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid mjpfhpj;jy;> gaph;fisg;
gd;Kfg;gLj;jy; Mfpad njhlh;ghf Muha;r;rpfspy; <LgLtjw;Fk; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.
,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 200 kpy;ypad;fis 2 Mz;L fhy gphpTf;Fs; xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Vida gaph;fs;
163. ,f;ifj;njhopYf;F cjTtjw;fhf rPdp Muha;r;rp epWtfk;> gid Muha;r;rp epWtfk;
vd;gd tYg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; mjw;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;a ehd;
Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
164. murhq;fj;jpd; MjuT fpilf;fhikapdhy; fle;j jrhg;jj;jpy; ghf;F cw;gj;jpahdJ
Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdNt> ,f;ifj;njhopiy tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Mw;wiyf;
fUj;jpw; nfhz;L th;j;jf hPjpahf ghf;fpidg; gaphpLtjw;F Cf;Ftpg;gNjhL> ghf;fpidr;
Nrfhpf;Fk; tyaq;fisAk; epWTtjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

thridj; jputpaq;fSk;> mit rhh;e;j cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fSk;

165. ,yq;ifapd; thridj; jputpaq;fspd; th;j;jf tuyhwhdJ 7 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu
gioikahdJ.
MapDk;>
,yq;ifapd;
thridj;
jputpaq;fspd;
th;j;jfk;
vjph;ghh;ff
; g;gl;l kl;lj;jpid milahikapdhy; mjd; %yk; ehl;bw;F ngWkjpahd
Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs; fpilg;gjw;fhd tha;gG
; f;fisAk; ,oe;Js;Nshk;.
166. thridj; jputpaq;fspd; ifj;njhopy; Kfq;nfhLf;fpd;w
gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPh;T
fhz;gjw;F murhq;fj;jpdhy; thridj; jputpaq;fs; rigapd; xUq;fpizg;Gld;>
,yq;ifapd; thridj; jputpaq;fs; cyfshtpa hPjpapy; th;j;jf ,yr;rpidnahd;wpid
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;W Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf>&gh 150
kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. cw;gj;jpapid mjpfhpf;Fk;
Nehf;FlDk;>
mjpfstpyhd
Vw;Wkjp
tUthapid
cUthf;Fk;
Nehf;FlDk;
murhq;fj;jpw;Fr;
nrhe;jkhd
gad;gLj;jg;glhj
tskhd
epyq;fisg;
gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd trjpfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jdpahh; Jiwf;F tpN~lkhf fWth>
kpsF>
Vyf;fha;>
[hjpf;fha;
Nghd;w
,d;Ndhud;d
thridj;
jputpaq;fspd;
43

gaph;r;nra;iff;F Fj;jif mbg;gilapy; fhzpfis toq;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tpN~lkhf kpsF> [hjpf;fha; Nghd;w thridj; jputpaq;fis gaphpLtjw;fhf
ngUe;Njhl;l xg;ge;jg; gaph;r;nra;iffSld; njhlh;GgLk;gbAk; gpuhe;jpa ngUe;Njhl;lf;
fk;gdpfis Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. NkYk;> Vw;Wkjp tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpYs;s fWth
Muha;r;rpg; gphptpid gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf &gh 50 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk;
Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
167. cyfr; re;ijapy; 85 rjtPj J}a fWthtpw;F ,yq;ifapy; jdpAhpik ngw;Ws;sJ.
fWthg; gaph;r; nra;ifapd; ngWkjpr; rq;fpyp gy;NtW epWtdq;fspd; fPNo cs;sNjhL>
mjd; %yk; ,f;ifj;njhopypd; tsh;r;rpahdJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> jdpahh;
Jiwapd; gq;Nfw;Gld; ngWkjpr; rq;fpypapd; rfy eltbf;iffisAk; nfhz;L
tUtjw;F fWth mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rignahd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjw;fhf &gh 50 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
168. NkYk; fWthf; ifj;njhopYf;Fj; Njitahd jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld;
fWthg; gapw;rpg; ghlrhiy tphpthf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 50 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
169. fWthf;
ifj;njhopypd;
ngWkjpr;
Nrh;f;ifahdJ
kpff;
Fiwe;j
kl;lj;jpy;
cs;sjidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L Njrpa tpQ;Qhd kd;wj;jpd; %yk; fWthf; ifj;njhopy;
kw;Wk;
mf;ifj;njhopy;
rhh;e;j
eltbf;iffs;
njhlh;ghf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
Muha;r;rpfSf;fhf me;epWtdj;jpw;F &gh 50 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
170. thridj; jputpaq;fspd; Vw;Wkjpapid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf kpsF>fpuhk;G>
[hjpf;fha; Mfpadtw;wpd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s nr]; thp ePf;fg;gLk;.

kw;Wk;

fpuhkpag; nghUshjhu kPnsOr;rp

171. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ nghUshjhuf; nfhs;ifapd; iky;fw;fspy; xd;whf
tpsq;FtJ fpuhkpag; nghUshjhuj;jpid Nkk;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,J njhlh;ghf fpuhkpag;
nghUshjhu myFfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf 14>022 fpuhk mYtyh; gphpTfs; 2>500
nfhj;jzpf; fpuhkq;fshf mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. mjw;fpzq;f> fpuhkpa kf;fspd;
tho;f;ifj; juj;ij cah;j;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;Fk;
Nehf;Fld;
,f;fpuhkq;fspd;
cl;fl;likg;Gf;fis
mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjw;fhd
fUj;jpl;lq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. tptrhapfSk; mq;fj;jth;fshff; $ba ghhpa
mstpyhd fUj;jpl;lq;fSk; ,t; mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fSf;Fs; cs;slf;fg;gLk;.
,f;fpuhkpa nghUshjhuj;jpid kPl;nlLg;gjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhf xt;nthU
fpuhkj;jpw;Fk; &gh 1.5 kpy;ypad; tPjk; xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,jw;Fr; nrythFk; nkhj;j epjp &gh 21>000 kpy;ypad;fshFk;.
172. mNjNghy> tTdpahtpy; Gjpa nghUshjhu tyankhd;wpidAk; ];jhgpg;gjw;F Kd;
nkhoptNjhL> mjw;fhf> fpuhkpa nghUshjhu mYty;fs;
kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

44

mikr;Rf;F

&gh

200

173. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpy; tho;thjhuj;ij toq;Ftjpy;

fpuhkpa tptrhak; typikahd gq;if tfpf;fpd;wJ. mth;fSila ePh;g;ghrd
Njitfisg; g+h;jj
; p nra;gitahd rpwpa Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; ePhg
; g
; hrd fhy;tha;fis
Gduikg;gjw;fhd cldbj;Njit vOe;Js;sJ. vdNt> rpwpa Fsq;fs; kw;Wk;
fhy;tha;fis Gduikg;Gr; nra;J fpuhkpag; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhf &gh
2000 kpy;ypaid xJf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Njrpa Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

174. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
midj;J
caph;fs;
kPJk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
jhf;fj;jpidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp mth;fspdhy; 3 Mz;LfSf;fhd
Njrpa Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G epfo;rr
; pj; jpl;lnkhd;W Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; gpujhd nraw;ghLfSf;Fs; td tsq;fisg;
ghJfhj;jYk;> mgptpUj;jp nra;jYk;> Rw;whly; khRgliyf; fl;Lg;gLj;jYk;;> epiyahd
epy Kfhikj;Jtk;> caph; tsq;fspd; ghJfhg;G Nghd;wdTk; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
,e;eltbf;iffSf;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
175. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;ifapy; E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd jhtu ,dq;fSk;>
tpyq;FfSk; cs;sNjhL> mtw;iw ,yq;ifAld; rkkhd gug;Gs;s gy ehLfSld;
xg;gpLifapy;
mit
Vida
ehLfsplkpy;yhj
mstpw;F
tpN~lj;Jtk;
epiwe;jitfshf
tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
MapDk;>
kdpj
eltbf;iffSk;>
jpwdw;w
Kfhikj;Jt eilKiwfSk; ,t;Taph;fSf;F mr;RWj;jy;fis vw;gLj;jf; $bajhf
mike;Js;sd. vdNt> td tpyq;Ffisg; ghJfhg;gjidAk;>
kdpj-ahid
NkhjYf;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gjidAk; Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;l epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F 3
tUl fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; gad;gLj;jf; $ba tifapy; &gh 4>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

myq;fhu kPd; tsh;g;Gf; ifj;njhopy;

176. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehk; Kd;Ndhbfshf tpsq;Fk; myq;fhu kPd; tsh;g;Gf;
ifj;njhopiy
ghhpa
mstpy;
mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjw;fhd
rhj;jpaf;
$Wfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ehd; jdpahh; Jiwia> tpN~lkhf ,e;ehl;bd; ,isQh;fis
,f;ifj;njhopypy; <LgLkhW Cf;Ftpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. mNj Nghy> ,f;ifj;njhopypy;
tpahghuj;jpid
Muk;gpg;NghUf;F
rYif
mbg;gilapyhd
fld;
trjpfis
toq;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,uj;jpdf;fw;fSk;> Mguzq;fSk;
177. ,yq;ifapd; ,uj;jpdf;fw;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; ifj;njhopYf;F 2>500 Mz;LfSf;Fk;
mjpfkhd ePz;l xU tuyhW ,Ue;jhYk; $l>
,f;ifj;njhopypYs;s ,aysTfs;
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45

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46

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47

190. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> kUj;Jtkid Nritfs;> fhzp tplaq;fs;> rKh;j;jpf;

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48

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49

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50

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51

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53

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INuhg;ghTf;fhd
Vw;Wkjpfis
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
eltbf;iffisAk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

fhzp
224. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mur fhzpfspd; gad;ghl;il cr;rg;gLj;Jk; kw;Wk; mur
fhzpfs; njhlh;ghf Kiwaw;w nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fis xopf;Fk; Nehf;fpy;; xU fhzp
tq;fpia

mwpKfk;

nra;tjw;F

Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,J

muRf;F

chpikahd

fhzpfs;
njhlh;ghd
,yj;jpudpay;
juTj;
jsj;ijAk;
nfhz;ljhFk;.
,e;eltbf;iffSf;fhf ehd; &gh 500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
jfty; njhlh;G njhopy;El;g Kftuhz;ik epWtdk; ,yj;jpudpay; juTj; jsj;jpw;F
,j;jfty;fs; cldbahf khw;wg;gLtij cWjp nra;Ak;. mjd; gpd;G ,j;juTj; jsk;
jdpahUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fhzpfspd; juTfis cs;thq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

54

tPlikg;G
225. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,t;turhq;fk; midtUf;Fk; ,Ug;gpl trjpapidg;
ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F cWjp g+z;Ls;sJ. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;glhj kw;Wk;
Fiw ghtidAila mur fhzpfs; tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.
226. Nrhp tho; kf;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk;
ntspg;gLj;jg;glhj f~;lq;fis ehd; ed;F
mwpe;jtd;. ,g;gpur;rpidahdJ rhjp> ,dk;> kjk; kw;Wk; nghUspay; vd;gtw;Wf;Fk;
mg;ghy; Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp> r%f mgptpUj;jp> vd;gtw;wpy; kl;Lky;yhky; murpaypYk;
jhf;fk; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. MfNt> ehl;bd; gpui[fshd mth;fsJ gpur;rpidfisAk;
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;tJ vkJ flikahFk;. MfNt> vjph;tUk; 5 Mz;Lfspy; mur>
jdpahh; gq;Flikapd; fPo; Nrhp tho; kf;fSf;F 100>000 tPl;L myFfis eph;khzpj;J
toq;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mNj Ntis> kPs; Fbakh;jj
; ypd; NghJ mth;fsJ
tho;thjhuk; kw;Wk; r%f tiyaikg;G ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfhJ vd;gJk; cWjp nra;ag;gLk;.
227. jdpahh; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;Gld; eLj;ju kl;l murhq;f kw;Wk; jdpahh; Jiw
Copah;fSf;F 150>000 tPl;L myFfisAk; murhq;fj;jpd; rpNu~;l Copah;fSf;fhf
5>000 tPl;L myFfisAk; epahakhd tpiyapy; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F murhq;fk; jpl
rq;fw;gk;
g+z;Ls;sJ.
,t;tPLfshdJ
nfhOk;G>
aho;g;ghzk;>
fz;b>khj;jiw>
kl;lf;fsg;G> Gj;jsk; kw;Wk; FUehfy; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; cs;s mur fhzpfspy;
eph;khzpf;fg;gLk;. mur Copah;fs; tPLfisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhf fld; trjpfs;>
nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLtNjhL> jdpahh; Jiw KjyPl;lahsh;fSf;F miu thp tpLKiw
ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,t;tPl;L myFfisr; Rw;wp Vida r%f mbg;gil trjpfSk;
nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;.
228. fpuhkpa kf;fspd; tho;thjhuj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; vkJ murhq;fk; Gjpa fpuhkpa
tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jk; murhq;fkhdJ nrytpid FbapUg;ghsh;fSld;
gfph;eJ
;
nfhs;Sk;. 500 rJu mb epyg;gug;igf; nfhz;l tPli
; lf; fl;bf; nfhs;tjw;F
murhq;fkhdJ mjpf gl;rkhf &gh 300>000 &ghit fl;lk; fl;lkhf ngw;Wf;
nfhLf;Fk;. murhq;fkhdJ> xt;nthU Njh;jy; njhFjpapYk; Fiwe;j gl;rk; 5>000
tPLfisahtJ eph;khzpf;Fk; . ,jw;fhf &gh 4>500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
229. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lk;> Rth;z g+kp kw;Wk; cjhfk Mfpadtw;wpd; fPo;
fhzp kw;Wk; tPLfis ngw;W mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;Jld; 10 tUlq;fSf;F Nky;
FbapUe;jth;fSf;F mtw;wpd; chpikiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; Njitahd
rl;l jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,t;tpjp tpyf;fhdJ 10 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; mur
tPLfs; kw;Wk; ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw tPLfspy; tho;gth;fSf;Fk; tpupthf;fg;gLk;.
230. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ntt;NtW cs;Suhl;rp rigfs; ntt;NtW tifahd
nrhj;J tupfis mKy;gLj;JtJ
nfhLf;fpd;wJ. vdNt cs;Suhl;rp

tup nrYj;Jgtu;fSf;F kpFe;j ghjpg;gpid

rigfspd; tup mwtPLfs; tUlhe;j tu;j;jf

ngWkjpapy; 15 rjtPjj;ij kPWjy; $lhJ vd;gjid ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;

tUlhe;j nrhj;J kjpg;G &gha; 500 my;yJ mjw;F Fiwe;jjhf ,Ue;jhy; tup tpyf;F
mspf;fTk; ehd; gupe;Jiuf;fpd;Nwd;.
231. kpd;rf;jp Nrkpg;gpid Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tPl;Lupikahsu;fis R+upa rf;jpia
gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjd; %yk; tupj; NjitfspNy fzprkhd tupf; Fiwg;Gfisg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd; Cf;fg;gLj;JfpNwd;.

55

232. jw;Nghija eilKiwf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tifapy; eilKiwapy; cs;s thlif kw;Wk;

tPl;L Mjdq;fs; kPjhd tiuaiw njhlh;ghd rl;lq;fs; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLk;.
233. NkYk; $l;L Mjdq;fspy; KjypLk; ntspehl;ltu;fSf;F cs;Su; tq;fpfspD}lhf
cs;Su; gzj;jpy; Mjdj;jpd; 40 rjtPj ngWkhdKs;s fld;fisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

eph;khzj; Jiw
234. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> cs;Sh; eph;khzf; ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; fle;j
jrhg;jj;jpy; mth;fspd; nrayhw;Wif njhlh;ghf ghuhl;LfpNwd;. ,f;ifj;njhopy;
JiwahdJ ntspehLfspy; re;jh;g;gq;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba mstpy; Kjph;T
mile;Js;sJ.
vkJ
murhq;fkhdJ
,t;thwhd
njhopy;
Kaw;rpfspy;
gq;F
nfhs;tjw;F jplrq;fw;gk; g+z;Ls;sJ. MfNt> ntspehl;L re;ij tha;g;Gf;fis ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s
KaYk;
fk;gdpfSf;F
mit
,yq;iff;F
ntspapy;
ciof;Fk;
tUkhdq;fSf;F ghjp tpfpjk; cl;gl gy thp eyd;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;glTs;sd.
NkYk;> ,yq;ifapd; eph;khzg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf cs;tUk; ve;j xU
ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpAk;; cs;@h; eph;khzf; fk;gdpfSld; fl;lhak; $l;L Kaw;rpia
cUthf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.
235. eph;khzj; Jiw ifj;njhopy; cj;juthj epjp mwtPl;bid ePf;Ftjw;F Kd;
nkhopfpNwd;.
,jd;
%yk;
rpwpa
kw;Wk;
eLj;ju
njhopy;
Kaw;rpahsh;fs;
Cf;Ftpf;fg;ggLtNjhL> midtUf;Fk; rkkhd xU jsk; cUthf;fg;gLk;. Kd;
nkhopag;glTs;s Njrpa tPlikg;G tq;fpahdJ mtrpakhd cj;juthjj;jpid
toq;FtJld;
kj;jpag;gLj;jg;gl;l
nrayhw;WifapD}lhf
eph;khzj;
Jiwf;
ifj;njhopYf;F MjuTk; mspf;Fk;.
236. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> eph;khzf; ifj;njhopy; JiwahdJ mth;fSf;F fpilf;f
Ntz;ba epYitfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ fLk; rpukq;fis vjph; nfhs;s
Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,jdhy;> rpwpa epWtdq;fspd; njhlh; nraw;ghLfs; ghjpg;gile;J
tq;FNuhj;J epiyia vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;wJ. MfNt> ehd; nfhLg;gdT cj;juthj
ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lj;ij Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J mth;fs; epYitfisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;F NghJkhd cWjpia mspf;Fk;.
237. eph;khzf; ifj;njhopy; JiwahdJ kzy; Nghd;w %yg;nghUl;fs;pd; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy;
nghpJk; ghjpg;gile;Js;sJ. MfNt eph;khzj;Jiwf;F mtrpakhd jukhd kziyg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; Mo;fly; kziyg; ngw;W mjidf; fOTtjw;F
mtrpakhd ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. mj;jifa
,wf;Fkjpfspd; nrytPdq;fs; ,ul;ilf; fopT ngWk; thpahff; fUjg;gLtjw;F ehd;
Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
238. ,Uk;G> gPq;fhd;> XL> Rfhjhu cgfuzq;fs; Nghd;w fl;ll eph;khzg; nghUl;fs; cah;
tpiy kw;Wk; gw;whf;Fiwia ePfF
; k; Kfkhf ,tw;wpd; ,wf;FkjpAld; njhlh;ghd
fl;lzq;fs; fPo; Nehf;fpr; rPuhf;fk; nra;ag;gLk;. NkYk;> ,yq;if KjyPl;Lr; rigapd;
vjph;kiw epuypy; ,Ue;J gPq;fhd;> XL> $iuj; jfL> kw;Wk; kyry $l cgfuzq;fs;;
ePf;fg;gLk;. ghuk; J}f;fpfs;> nfhq;fpwPl; fyit ,ae;jpuq;fs;> kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpf;
fl;lzq;fs; ePf;fg;gLk;. NkYk;> mjpf ghuk; $ba eph;khzj; Jiw ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fs;
kPjhd ,wf;Fkjp taJf; fl;Lg;ghL jw;NghJ 7 tUlq;fspypUe;J 10 tUlq;fshf
mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;;.

56

239. &gh 50 kpy;ypaDf;Fk; Fiwthd murhq;f ngWif xg;ge;jq;fs; kPjhd rpwpa kw;Wk;
eLj;ju eph;khz xg;ge;jq;fSf;fhd Ntiyfis Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd Kw;gzj;ij
mjpfhpg;gjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; mth;fsJ fhRg;gha;r;riy Nkk;gLj;j
KbAk;.
240. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
fl;ll
eph;khzj;
Jiwapy;
jpwd;
nfhz;l
njhopyhsh;fSf;F cah; Nfs;tp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt> mur jdpahh; gq;Flik
mbg;gilapy; jdpahh; Jiw eph;khzf; ifj;njhopy; epWtdq;fspdhy; njhopy;rhh;
eilKiwg;gapw;rp
mspf;fg;gLk;
xt;nthU
gapw;rpahsUf;Fk;
&gh
10>000
murhq;fj;jpdhy; %d;W khjq;fSf;F gapw;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;
fPo; xt;nthU fhyhz;bYk; Nkrd;> jr;R> Foha;> nghUj;Jif kpd;dpay;> kw;Wk;
mYkpdpak; ,izg;Gj; Jiwfs; Rkhh; 7>500 ,isQh;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gLth;. ,jw;fhf
&gh 500 kpy;ypaid xJf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfp;d;Nwd;.

Rw;Wyh
241. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> Rw;Wyhj;JiwahdJ ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; kpfTk;
cWjpahd xU Jiwahf njhlh;e;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J 2015 Mk; Mz;bd; Kjy; 10
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; 1.5 kpy;ypad; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; tUif gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
2014 Mk; Mz;bd; mNjfhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; ,J 18 rjtPj mjpfhpg;ghFk;.
vt;thwhapDk;> vkJ ehl;il ehk; chpa Kiwapy; re;ijg;gLj;jg;glhikiaapl;L ehd;
ftiyg;gLfpNwd;.
242. ,J njhlh;gpy; fle;j rpy tUlq;fshf ehq;fs; gy Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;Lk; mit
VJk; rhj;jpag;gltpy;iy. ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Nghl;bj;jd;ikia fUj;jpw;
nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,yq;if tpUk;gj;jF Rw;Wyhj; jskhf njhlh;e;Jk; Ngzg;gly;
Ntz;Lkhapd; ,yq;ifapy; rpwg;ghf Fwpg;gplg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf> ,yq;if
Rw;Wyh Nkk;gLj;jy; gzpafkhdJ Gjpa re;ijfis fz;L gpbg;gjw;fhf Fwpg;ghf J}u
fpof;F ehLfspd; re;ijiaf; ftUk; tifapy; rpwg;ghd Nkk;gLj;jy; eltbf;iffis
Muk;gpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
243. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> Rw;Wyhj; Jiwapy; jFjpahd MszpapdUf;Fg; ngUk;
jl;Lg;ghL epyTfpd;wJ vd;gij ePq;fs; mwptPh;fs;. ,g;gpur;rpidia jPh;g;gjw;fhf
jdpahh; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;Gld; ,isQh;fSf;F cgrhpg;Gj; Jiwapy; gapw;rpaspg;gjw;F
ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. xt;nthU fhyhz;bYk; 3000 ,isQh;fSf;F gapw;rpaspf;Fk;
tifapy; 3 khjq;fs; epiyahd gapw;rpf; fhykhff; nfhz;l xU gapw;rp newpf;F mjp
$ba njhifahf &gh 15000 tiuapy; 50 rjtPj gapw;rpf; fl;lzj;ij murhq;fj;jpdhy;
ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
244. NkYk;>
jdpahh;
Jiw
N`hl;ly;fs;
,j;jifa
gapw;rpg;
ghlrhiyfis
cUthf;Ftjw;F
Cf;Ftpg;G
toq;Fk;
tifapy;
jpwd;
mgptpUj;jp
Jiwf;F
toq;fg;gl;Ls;s Kk;klq;F fopT thpr;rYifia ,e;epWtdq;fSf;Fk; toq;Ftjw;F
ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
245. $l;lq;fs;

Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fs;>

khehLfSk;

fz;fhl;rpfSk;

my;yJ

(MICE)

vd

miof;fg;gLk; Jiwia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Kfkhf gz;lhu ehaf;fh Qhgfhh;j;j kz;lgk;>

neYk; nghf;Fd muq;F kw;Wk; Gjpa efu kz;lgj;jpw;F mUfhikapy; etPd
trjpfsld; $ba fz;fhl;rpf; $lk; mikf;fg;gLk;. ,J 7000 ,Uf;if trjpfSld;
57

jdpahh; Jiw gq;fspg;Gld; eph;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd eltbf;iffis Cf;Ftpf;Fk;

Nehf;fpy; MICE Jiwapy; <LgLtjw;fhf tpN~lkhf cUtrhf;fg;gl;l fk;gdpfSf;F
%d;W tUlq;fSf;F 50 rjtPj tpLKiw mspg;gjw;W Kd; nkhopfpNwd;.
mj;NjhL
ehd; ,jw;fhf &gh.3>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;;Nwd;.
246. Rw;Wyhg;
gpuahzpfspdhy;
$Ljyhd
msT
gzj;ij
nrytspg;gij
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhfTk; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifia gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Mlk;gug; nghUl; nfhs;tdT
jskhf khw;Wtjw;Fk; cilfs;>,yj;jpudpay;> kw;Wk; kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk;
Vida Jizg; nghUl;fs; kPjhd thpfis rPuhf;fk; nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
247. ehza
khw;whsh;fs;
kj;jpa
tq;fpapd;
mDkjpg;gj;jpuf;
fl;lzk;
kw;Wk;
topfhl;ly;fSf;Fl;gl;L me;epa ehzakhw;W tpahghuj;ij NkYk; ,yFgLj;Jtjw;F
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
248. ,yq;ifahdJ> fyhrhu> kj> R+oypay;> kw;Wk; kUj;Jtj;ij Nehf;fhff;
nfhz;l
Rw;Wyhg; gpuahzpfis fth;tjpy; mjp $ba rhj;jpaj; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;ljhFk;.
fyhrhu Kf;Nfhz gpuhe;jpak;> fpof;F flw;fiu> Etnuypah> gJis kw;Wk; kiyehL
vd;gd fth;r;rpahd Rw;Wyhj; jyq;fshf khw;wg;gLtjw;F mtrpakhd eltbf;iffs;
vLf;fg;gLk;. jdpahh; Jiw gq;fspg;Gld; nge;Njhl;il>
NjJt> kpwp];]> kw;Wk;
nfhOk;Gf; Nfhl;il> vd;gd tpN~l Rw;wyh tyaq;fshf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy;
tpN~l ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLk;. NkYk;> fhyp Nfhl;ilahdJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;L fhyp
efukhdJ tuyhw;W efukhf mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;eltbf;fifSf;F &gh 500
kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
249. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
kUj;Jt
Rw;Wyh>
Fwpg;ghf
vkJ
RNjr
itj;jpaj;JiwahdJ ehl;Lf;F Rw;Wyhg; gazpfis ftuf; $ba xU Kf;fpa
fhuzpahFk;. vt;thwhapDk;> cah; juj;jpid guhkhpg;G kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhifahy;
Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahj eilKiwfs; mDkjpf;fg;gl khl;lhJ. MfNt> ,j;Jiwia
rhpahd Kiwapy; top elhj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd nghUj;jkhd rl;l tpjpfis
mwpKfk; nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
250. Nkhrkhd Kfhik fhuzkhf mur clikahd tpLjpfs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs;
kpfTk; ghjpg;Gw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. midj;J chpj;jhsh;fisAk; gq;Fjhuhh;fshff;
nfhz;l xU Kfhikj;Jt fk;gdpapd; fPo; ,t;tidj;J Rw;Wyh tpLjpfisAk; nfhz;L
tUtjw;F Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. ,itfs; njhopy; ty;Ydh;fshy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL>
khj;jpuky;yhJ epahakhd tpiyapy; rpwg;ghd trjpfSk; toq;Fk; tifapy;
juKah;j;jg;gLk;.
251. ehk; NkYk; fz;fhl;rp $lk; xd;iw mur jdpahu; gq;fspg;gpD}lhf ghuhSkd;w
fl;blj;jpw;F mUfpy; epu;khzpf;f cs;Nshk;.
252. ehd;
NkYk;
gpd;jq;fpa
gpuNjrq;fspy;
fUg;G+q;fhf;fis
cUthf;Ftjw;F
gupe;Jiuf;fpd;Nwd;. mj;Jld; mjw;fhf mur fhzpfis toq;Ftjw;Fk; miuthrp tup
tpLKiwfis 10 tUl fhyj;jpw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J mg;gpuNjrq;fspy;
nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffis tpupTgLj;Jtjw;fhd Rw;Wyh kw;Wk; Xa;TNeu
fspg;G nraw;ghLfis tpupTgLj;jy;fs; %ykhd ed;ikfis Vw;gLj;Jk;.
253. ehl;by; jw;NghJ nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfspy; 60 rjtPjkhdit
gjptw;wjhFk;. ,J ehl;by; cgrhpg;Gj; Jiwapy; chpa juq;fisg; NgZtjpy; gy
rpf;fy;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. MfNt> 2016 khh;r; 31 mk; jpfjpapy; midj;J Rw;Wyh
tpLjpfSk; Rw;wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigapy; fl;lhak; gjpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;
58

vd Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. gjpT nra;ag;glhky;

,aq;Fk; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfSf;F vjpuhf
fLikahd eltbf;iffis Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigahdJ Nkw;nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Kd; nkhopfpNwd;.
254. el;rj;jpu tFg;G tifg;gLj;jYf;F mikthf Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs; Gus;tpd; kPJ mjpf
gl;rkhf 3 rjtPjk; fl;lzk; tpjpf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf th;j;jf rigfspd; $l;likg;gpy;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;s Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs; th;j;jf rk;Nksdj;jpdhy; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s
el;rj;jpu tFg;Gf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;litahf mika Ntz;Lk;.
255. tpLjp thfdq;fs;> Rw;Wyhg; glFfs;> ePh;r;rWf;F cgfuzq;fs;> tpirg;glFfs; kw;Wk;
rpwpa
Rw;Wyhf;
fg;gy;fs;
kPjhd
,wf;Fkjp
fl;lzq;fis
ePf;Ftjw;F
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tq;fp

kw;Wk; epjpapay;

nfhOk;G ru;tNjr epjp ikak; (CIFC)

256. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehq;fs; gy tUlq;fshf epjp ikankhd;W njhlu;ghf
fijf;fpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy; mJ rhj;jpakhftpy;iy. cyf rdj;njhifapd; ehd;fpy; xU
gFjpia jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s rhu;f; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; vkJ ngsjPf hPjpahd
miktplkhdJ mj;jifanjhU Kaw;rpf;F $Ljy; re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fpAs;sJ. epjp
ikakhdJ nghUshjhuq;fspd; tsu;r;rpia J}z;Lk; rf;jpiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J
cz;ikapy; vq;fsplkpUe;J rpy Kjpu;Tfis Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ tpNrlkhf
ngsjpf kw;Wk; vz;zpk fl;likg;G trjpfs; kdpjtsk; xOq;FgLj;jy; kw;Wk; rl;l
epjp cl;fl;likg;G trjpfshFk;. ,t;turhq;fkhdJ rhj;jpakhd tplaq;fspy; gzj;ij
KjypLtjpy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; ehq;fs; nfhOk;G ru;tNjr
epjp ikaj;jpid cUthf;FNthk;.
257. ,f;Fwpg;gpl;l tyak; Lgha; ru;tNjr epjp ikak; kw;Wk; cyfpd; gy ghfq;fspy;
fhzg;gLk; fiufle;j epjp ikaq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,t;tyakhdJ
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l b.Mu; tp[atu;jd khtj;ijf;Fs; cs;slf;fg;gLtJld; 300>000 rJu
mbfisf; nfhz;l fl;blj; njhFjpAk; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. epjp ika xOq;FgLj;jy;
Njitg;ghl;bw;F mika epjpikaj;jpw;Nf cupj;jhd Kiwapy; tu;j;jf uPjpahd
gpzf;Ffis kpf tpiuthfTk; kw;Wk; epaha Kiwapy; jPu;g;gjw;fhf mJ tu;j;jf ePjp
kd;wj;ijAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,k;Kaw;rpahdJ fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; frpNdh
#jhl;l vz;zf; fUtpid xU rpwg;ghd epjp ikankd;w tpahghu Kaw;rpahf
khw;wpAs;snjd;Nw ek;Gfpd;Nwhk;. mJ gy vz;zpf;ifapyhd njhopy; Kaw;rpfis
cUthf;Fk;. ehq;fs; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; rh;tNjr tq;fpfis ,e;epjpaj;jpypUe;J
,aq;FkhWk; ,e;epiyaj;jpd; xU gFjpahf miof;fpd;Nwhk;. 2016 Vg;uy; 1 Mk;
jpfjpapypUe;J mjd; nraw;ghLfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;.
tu;j;jf tq;fpfs;
258. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 32
tq;fpfisAk; 48 epjpf; fk;gdpfisAk; ehq;fs; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. tq;fpfs; jhq;fshfNt
fpilahd tpupthf;fj;jpy; <LgLtjdhy; ,yq;ifapd; tq;fpj;Jiwapd; CLUtyhdJ
Fwpg;gpLk; gbahf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. jw;NghJ vkJ tq;fpfshdJ jd;dpaf;f fhR
kPsg;ngwy; ,ae;jpu trjpfs; ,yj;jpudpay; tq;fp trjpfs; kw;Wk; Vida tq;fp
59

trjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjdhy; mitfs; tq;fpfis thbf;ifahsu;fspd; fhybapy;

nfhz;L Nrh;j;Js;sd. ehd; tq;fpj; Jiwapdiu mtu;fspd; tpupthf;fj;jpw;fhf
nkr;RfpNwd;. mNjNtis vkJ tq;fpfshdJ gpizapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
fld; toq;Ftjpy; jk;ik ikag;gLj;jpAs;sNjhL tpahghu khjphpapyhd fld;
toq;fYf;Fg; gpddpw;fpd;wij fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,J ehl;bd; rpwpa kw;Wk;
eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; cUthf;fYf;Fj; jilahf cs;sJ.

nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ tq;fpj; JiwahdJ Kiwikahd

Kf;fpaj;Jtkhd xU rpy tq;fpfisAk; kw;Wk; rpy rpwpa mstpyhd
tq;fpfisAk; nfhz;ljhFk;. tq;fpfs; RNar;irahf ,iztij ehq;fs;
tuNtw;fpd;Nwhk;.
Vnddpy;
mjd;%yk;
cWjpahd
Ie;njhifia
cUthf;fyhk;. mJ rpwe;j jug;gLj;jiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNjhL cs;ehl;L
kw;Wk; ntspehl;L re;ijapy; tphpthd EioTf;Fk; toptFf;Fk;. ehd;
kPz;Lk; typAWj;JtJ vd;dntdpy; ,t;thwhd ,izTfspd; NghJ
midj;J juj;jpyhd Copau;fspdJk; njhopy; ghJfhg;G cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.

nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
tPlikg;G
mgptpUj;jp
epjpf;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;ijAk; kw;Wk; mur <l;L KjyPl;L tq;fpiaAk; ,izj;J
kpfTk; cWjpahd kw;Wk; nghpa mstpyhd Njrpa tPlikg;G tq;fpiaAk;
yq;fh Gj;u mgptpUj;jp tq;fpia gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpAld;
,izj;J
,yq;if
njhopy;Kaw;rpfs;
mgptpUj;jp
tq;fpapidAk;
cUthf;FtNjhL ,yq;if Nrkpg;G tq;fpahdJ Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fpAld;
,izf;fg;gLk;.

jptpneFk tq;fpahdJ Vwf;Fiwa &gh 59 gpy;ypad; KjyPl;Lg;

gl;baiyf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ,j;jifanjhU njhifia Kfhik
nra;tjw;fhd ,aysT mt;tq;fpaplk; ,y;iy. ,t;tq;fpapy; cs;s
gzj;jpd; chpikahsHfs; vkJ r%fj;jpy; kpfTk; eypthdtu;fshFk;.
MfNt mjidg; ghJfhg;gJ vkJ flikahFk;. MfNt> ,t;tq;fpapYs;s
itg;Gf;fspd; ghJfhg;gpidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;Lk; njhopy; hPjpahd
Kfhikia cWjpnra;Ak; Nehf;fpYk; ,t;tq;fpapid Njrpa Nrkpg;G
tq;fpAld; njhlHGgLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
259. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw;w tu;j;jf tq;fpfs; jkJ gpujhd
eltbf;iffspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. Fj;jif tpahghukhdJ tq;fpfspd;
gpujhd eltbf;iffSf;F mopit Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. MfNt ,t;tq;fpfs; 2016 a+d; 1
Mk; jpfjpAld; Fj;jif tpahghuj;jpy; <LgLtij epWj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
260. ,d;W tq;fpfs; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; rpy Jiwfs; kPJ fld;
toq;Ftjw;F
jaf;fk;
fhl;Lfpd;wd.
Mjyhy;
,j;Jiwfspd;
Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ
ghjpg;gile;Js;sJ. midj;J tq;fpfSk; jdJ fld; gl;baypy; 10 rjtPjj;ij
tptrhaj; Jiwf;Fk;> 5 rjtPjj;ij rpwpa kw;wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;Fk;> 5
rjtPjj;ij ngz;fs; kw;Wk; ,isQu;fSf;F fld;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf
xJf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. ru;tNjr re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; jq;fj;jpw;fhd tpiyapd; jhf;fk;
fhuzkhf cs;@u; tq;fpfs; kpf tprhykhd eifaPl;L KjyPl;Lg; gl;baiyAk;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. ehd; tq;fpj; Jiwaplk; Ntz;bf;nfhs;tJ ahnjdpy;> jdJ fld;
gl;baypy; mlF fld; gl;baiy 5 rjtPjj;jpw;F tiuaWj;Jf; nfhs;SkhWk; NkYk;
60

tq;fpfs; jkJ thbf;ifahsu;fs; gq;Fr; re;ij eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjw;F fld;

toq;Ftij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.
261. eif mlF gpbf;Fk; rl;lj;ij jpUj;jp mlF tpahghu gjpTf;fhd fl;lzj;ij &gh
25>000 Mf cau;j;Jtjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
262. Njrpa nfhLg;gdTfs; Nguit ,J ehl;by; midj;Jf; nfhLg;gdTfs; kw;Wk;
jPh;g;gdTfs; njhlu;ghd jPh;khdk; vLf;Fk; Njrpa mikg;ghFk;. ehl;bd; epjp Kiwik
mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Nkk;gLj;jy; njhlu;ghd murhq;fj;jpd; cghaj;jpd; xU gFjpahf
,e;epWtdKk; kPsha;Tf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,JTk; nfhOk;G epjp ikaj;jpid
cUthf;Ftjw;F trjpaspf;fpd;wJ.
263. tq;fpf; fzf;Ffspy; NghjpasT gzkpd;wp Kiwaw;w Kiwapy; tpahghuk; nra;fpd;wdh;.
,jd;NghJ Vw;gLk; kWf;fg;gl;l fhNrhiyfs; vd;gJ xU ghupa rpf;fyhd
gpur;rpidahFk;.
xU
Neu;ikahd
tpahghuf;
fyhrhuj;ij
cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;
thbf;ifahsu;fis ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; kWf;fg;gl;l fhNrhiyfs; xU Fw;wtpay;
rl;lj;jpYs;s jtnwhd;whff; nfhz;L mt;thwhd Fw;wthspfSf;F fLikahd rl;l
eltbf;if vLg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
264. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,uz;L tq;fpfisj; jtpu ve;jnthU cs;@u; tq;fpAk;
ru;tNjr hPjpapy; jkJ nraw;ghLfis tpupthf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; re;ju;g;gq;fNsh
mjpfnkd ehd; ek;GfpNwd; mt;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fis mile;Jnfhs;tjw;fhd
,ayit
vkJ
tq;fpfs;
nfhz;Ls;sd.
MfNt
jw;NghJ
fhzg;gLk;
tup
Cf;Ftpg;Gfisg;
gad;gLj;jp
tq;fpfs;
jkJ
nraw;ghLfis
ntspehLfspy;
tp];jupg;gij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpNwd;.
265. NkYk;> cs;@h; fk;gdpfs; jkJ tpahghu tpupthf;fy; eltbff;ifSf;F mtrpakhd
%yjdj;ij jkJ Ie;njhifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ru;tNjr %yjdr;
re;ijfspypUe;J fldhfg; ngWtij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. flidg; ngWk;
fk;gdpahdJ nryhtzp Mgj;ij jhq;fpf; nfhs;tNjhL flDf;fhd tl;b tpfpjkhdJ
re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; tl;b tpfpjj;Jld; xd;wpize;J nry;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;. fld;
jpUg;gpr;
nrYj;jy;
kw;Wk;
tl;bf;
nfhLg;gdTfshdJ
kj;jpa
tq;fpapdhy;
fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.
266. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ tq;fpfs; jkJ fly;fle;j eltbf;iffis
tpupthf;FtijAk; ntspehl;L nryhtzpfis kj;jpa tq;fpapy; itg;Gr; nra;tijAk;
ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;j ehl;bd; mjpAau; ,Ug;gpid cWjpg;gLj;JtNjhL cs;@u;
tq;fpfSf;F
tu;j;jf
eltbf;ifSf;F
mjpf
cs;@u;
ehzaq;fis
ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;fpd;wJ.
267. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tjpty;yhg; gpuirfSf;fhd mur gpizfspd; kPjhd
vy;iy msit jpiwNrup Kwpfs; kw;Wk; fld; Kwpfspd; nkhj;j epYit ,Wg;ig 12.5
rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 10 rjtPjkhf jpUj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk;
cs;@u; KjyPl;lhsu;fSf;F mur gpizfspy; KjyPL nra;tjw;F $Ljy; re;ju;g;gj;ij
ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gNjhL tjpty;yhjth;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; jpBH kPsg;ngWjypdhy;
,lk;ngWk; md;dpar; nryhtzp Vw;wj;jho;Tfshd mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; vjph;nfhz;l
mghak; Nghd;wit jLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
268. ehk; kpfTk; etPd kakhd fhR Kfhikj;Jtj;ij Nehf;fp khwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.
tq;fpfspdhy;
toq;fg;gLk;
etPd
trjpfspd;
fhuzkhf
Mgj;Jf;fis
jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy;; fhR Nghf;Ftuj;ij Cf;fkpof;fr; nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld;
61

tq;fpfspypUe;J fhR kPsg;ngwy;fs; kPJ gpd;tUk; tifapy; fl;lzk;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
m. xU kpy;ypaDf;F FiwthdJ: fl;lzk; ,y;iy.
M. xU kpy;ypad; njhlf;fk; 10 kpy;ypad; tiu: 2 rjtPjk;
,. 10 kpy;ypaDf;F Nky;: 3 rjtPjk;

mwtpl

269. tq;fp tiuTfs; kPjhd fl;lzk; xt;nthU tq;fp tiuTf;Fk; &gh 150 I tpQ;rf;
$lhJ.
270. ,Nj fhuzq;fSf;fhf

midj;J

njhopy;

nfhs;NthUk;

jkJ

njhopyhsu;fs;

midtUf;Fk; tq;fpf; fzf;Ffis Muk;gpf;Fk;gb mwpTWj;jp mth;fsJ rk;gsq;fis

mf;fzf;FfSf;F tuT itf;FkhW Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
271. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
midj;J
epjpr;rl;l
nfhLg;gdTfisAk;
xOq;FgLj;Jtjw;fhf xt;nthU fk;gdpAk; gpuj;jpNafkhd tq;fpf; fzf;Ffis
NgZjy; Ntz;Lnkd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
272. epjp trjpfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd thfdq;fs; ngWkjp kjpg;gPlL
; gj;jpuq;fs; kPjhd
fl;lzj;ij 2016 rdtup 1 Kjy; jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gLk;. mjdbg;gilapy; Nkhl;lhh;
irf;fps; kw;Wk; Kr;rf;fu tz;b kPJ &gh 2>500 ck; kw;Wk; Nkhl;lhh; fhu; cl;gl
midj;J thfdq;fs; kPJk; &gh 15>000 fl;lzk; mwtpl ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
273. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs>
efug; gFjpfspy; mjpfstpy; tq;fpfs; fhzg;gl
gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fspy; Fiwe;jsthd tq;fpfNs gpurq;fkhfpAs;sd vd;gjpy;
ePq;fSk; vd;Dld; cld;gLtPh;fs;. ,J epjp miltpy; rkkpd;ikia Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
,r;rkkpd;ikia
,y;yhky;
nra;Ak;
Nehf;FlDk;
mNjNtis
nghUshjhu
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Nehf;fpYk;
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gpd;jq;fpa
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rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

15

274. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fld; jfty; gzpafkhdJ fld;fSf;fhd milit

mjpfupj;J fld; toq;fypy; cs;s Mgj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tpiyapliy
,ayr;nra;J epjp epWtdq;fSf;F ,ilapy; Nghl;bj;jd;ikia cUthf;fp epjpj;
Jiwapd; rpwg;ghd mgptpUj;jpf;F cjtpnra;fpd;wd. mur gq;Flik mbg;gilapy;
cUthf;fg;gl;lnjhU fld; jfty; gzpafj;jpid ehL Vw;fdNt nfhz;Ls;sJ.
epjpj;Jiwapd; vjpu;fhy tpupthf;fj;jpid fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ jdpahu; JiwAk;
fld; jfty; gzpafnkhd;iw cUthf;Ftij ehk; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,jpy; ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ xU cupj;jhsuhf ,Ug;gNjhL epjp epWtdq;fs; fhg;GWjpf;
fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; nghJ trjpfis toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf FWf;F
njhopw; gq;Fgw;wYld; cUthf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf Njitahd rl;l
jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mNjNghy; fhg;GWjpf; ifj;njhopYk;
jdpahu; fld; jfty; gzpafj;ij jpwg;gij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.
275. mNj Ntisapy; tzpf tq;fpfspy; cwq;F epiyapYs;s fzf;Ffspy; fhzg;gLk;
gzj;jpid mur jpul;L epjpf;F 2016 rdtup 01,y; tuT itf;FkhW ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

epjpf; fk;gdpfs;
276. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
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jrhg;jj;jpy;
gy
epjpf;
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jhf;fkhdJ
r%fj;jpd;
midj;J
gpuptpduhYk;
czug;gl;lNjhL
epjpj;Jiw
62

epiyNgwhdJ jsk;gYf;F cl;gl;lJ. itg;ghsu;fs; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd epiyapy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ xOq;FgLj;Jdh; vd;w jdJ
nraw;ghl;bid
murpay;
kakhf;fypd;
fhuzkhf
rhpahd
Kiwapy;
Mw;wtpy;iynad;gJ kl;Lky;yhky; jdJ eLj;juj; jd;ikapidAk; ,oe;jJ.
277. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
epjp
epWtdq;fshdJ
kpfTk;
gytPdkhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gij ePq;fs; mwptPu;fs;. murhq;fkhdJ Nfhy;ld; fP epjpf; fk;gdp
itg;ghsu;fSf;F mjpf nrytpy; epthuzq;fis ngw;Wf; nfhLj;Js;sijAk; ePq;fs;
mwptPu;fs;. ,g;gpur;rpidfSf;F ePz;l fhy jPh;it ngw;Wf;nfhLf;Fk; Nehf;fpy;
mnkhpf;fh ehLfspYs;s jPu;khdq;fs; ek;gpf;if $l;Lj;jhgd Kiwapd; mbg;gilapy;
epjp epWtdq;fs; kWrPuikg;G Kftuhz;ik cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; gytPdkhd
epjpf; fk;gdpfis kPs; %yjdkhf;fy; nra;jy; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; gpur;rpidf;Fhpa
nrhj;Jf;fis cupa kWrPuikg;Gf;fhf ,k;Kftuhz;ikahy; ifNaw;fg;gLk;. ,e;epjpf;
fk;gdpfspd; itg;GtPjk; kw;Wk; fld; toq;fy; tPjq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapy;
fhzg;gLk;
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Fiw
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fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,J mjpf fpuaj;jpyhd ,ilj; jufu;fis ehl;bd; nghJ kf;fSf;Fk;
tpahghuq;fSf;Fk; cUthf;fpaJ. murhq;fkhdJ epjp epWtdq;fs; Kftuhz;ikia
cUthf;Ftjw;F &gh 10 kpy;ypad;fis gq;F %yjdkhf toq;Ftjw;F 5 tUl
fhyj;ijf; nfhz;l &gh 25 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd jpiwNrhp KwpfSk; toq;fg;gLk;.
,k;kWrPuikg;G
nra;ag;gl;l
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itg;ghsu;fSf;F chpa ghJfhg;ig czur; nra;Ak; tpjkhf ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpahdJ 2016 rdthp Kbtpy; midj;J gjpTnra;ag;gl;l epjpf; fk;gdpfspdJk;
itg;ghsu;fSf;F 100 rjtPj cj;juthjj;ij toq;Fk;.
278. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tq;fpay;yhj epjpj; Jiwapy; mjpf itg;Gf;fspy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtij jtpu;f;Fk; Nehf;fpy; epjpf; fk;gdpfshy; toq;fg;gLk; tl;b
tPjq;fSf;F xU vy;iyia tpjpg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. fldl;ilfs; kw;Wk;
Vida jdpg;gl;l tho;f;if Kiw fld;fis ngw;W jpUg;gpr;nrYj;j Kbahikapdhy;
epjp epWtdq;fspd; mjp$ba tl;b tPjq;fis kw;Wk; jz;lg; gzq;fspdhy;
mtjpAWk; nghJ kf;fis ehq;fs; ghJfhg;Nghk;. ,jw;fhf ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpahdJ ehl;bd; ,aq;Fk; tq;fpfSld; ,ize;J mjdJ fld; MNyhrid
Nritfis tpupTgLj;Jk;. re;Njfg;gl Kbahj fld; ngWeh;fSf;F tiuaw;w mstpy;
mjpf fpuaj;jpyhd fld;fis epjp epWtdq;fs; toq;Ftijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
tifapyhd topfhl;ly;fis ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp toq;Fk;.

rpNu~;l gpui[fspd; epiyahd itg;G

279. jw;nghOJ 60 taJf;F Nkw;gl;l rpNul;l gpuirfspd; 1 kpy;ypad; tiuapyhd
itg;Gf;F tUlj;jpw;F 15 rjtPj tl;b toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;trjpia 55 taij
mile;j gpui[fSf;Fk; toq;Ftjw;Fk; 15 rjtPj tl;bia &gh 1.5 kpy;ypad;
tiuAk; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;trjpahdJ mDkjpngw;w epjpf;
fk;gdpfshy; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNjhL 1.5 rjtPj tl;b khdpakhdJ murhq;fj;jpdhy;
ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 1>500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. itg;Gf;fs; kPJ ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; cj;juthjkhdJ
itg;ghsu;fspd; ek;gpf;ifia fl;lhak; mjpfupj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
63

xU Nrkpg;G fyhrhuj;ij cUthf;Fjy;

280. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehl;bd; Njrpa Nrkpg;ig Nkk;gLj;jiy fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
xU Nrkpg;G fyhrhuj;ij cUthf;FtJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;
xt;nthU tUlKk; ghlrhiyf;F mDkjpf;Fk; gps;isfspd; ngahpy; &gh 250 I
itg;gpypl;L xU tq;fpf; fzf;fpid Muk;gpf;FkhW midj;J tq;fpfsplKk; Ntz;bf;
nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. tq;fpfspd; rk;NkskhdJ murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;iff;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhf
Kd;tUtNjhL murhq;fj;jpd; ,e;jr; rpwg;ghd Kaw;rpf;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhf tq;fpr;
r%fj;jpw;F ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,J 2016 rdthp 1 ,ypUe;J Muk;gkhFk;.

tsu;r;rpiaj; J}z;Ltjw;fhd %yjdr; re;ij

281. %yjdr; re;ijahdJ njhlu;e;J gad;ghl;Lf;F tuhj tskhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
mgptpUj;jpaile;j
%yjdr;
re;ijahdJ
tpahghuq;fspd;
tsu;r;rp
kw;Wk;
tpupthf;fYf;F kpfTk; mtrpakhd Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpyhd ePz;l fhy epjpapid ngw;Wf;
nfhLf;fpd;wJ. vkJ %yjdr; re;ijahdJ tiuaWj;j kl;lj;jpyhd njhopy;El;g
ghtid kw;Wk; NghJkhd kl;lj;jpyhd epu;thfj; jpwikfs; fhzg;glhikapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j 10 Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy;
gpizaq;fs; ghpkhw;w Mizf;FOthdJ gq;F ghpkhw;wy; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLk;
re;ij gq;F gw;Wdhplj;jpy; cupa xOf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;gjw;fhf fLikahd
tpku;rdj;jpw;F
cl;gl;lij
ePq;fs;
ed;F
mwptPh;fs;.
vkJ
murhq;fkhdJ
,e;epiyikapid rhpnra;tij $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. fle;j rpy khjq;fspy;
KjyPl;lhsu;fspd; ek;gpf;ifahdJ cz;ikapy; cau;tile;Js;sJ.
282. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijahdJ ,d;Dk; xU cWg;gpdu;
cilikahd kw;Wk; ,yhgk; ciof;fhj epWtdkhFk;. ahuhtJ cyf gq;Fr;
re;ijfis
cw;W
Nehf;fpdhy;
mitfs;
tpLtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL
rpwg;ghf
nraw;gLtijAk; fhzyhk;.
283. gq;Fr; re;ij tpLtpg;ghdJ cz;ikapy; epjp ,ilj;jufu;fs; njhlu;gpy; ftdk;
nrYj;Jtij tpl re;ij gq;F gw;Wdh;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;gpy; $Ljy; ftdk;
nrYj;Jk;. ,J ghupastpyhd ntspg;gilj; jd;ikia cWjpnra;tNjhL rpwg;ghd
njhopy;El;g ghtidapD}lhf NkYk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ik kw;Wk; Fiwe;j tu;j;jf
fpuaj;ijAk; cWjpnra;Ak;. mNjNghy; midj;J gq;F gw;Wdu;fspdJk; eyd; fUjp
murhq;fkhdJ
epahakhd
kw;Wk;
tpidj;jpwdhd
#oiy
cUthf;Ftjpy;
mu;g;gzpg;ghf cs;sJ. MfNt nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijia 2016 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ
KOikahf tpLtpg;gjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
284. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> murhq;fkhdJ nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijahdJ
tpidj;jpwdhfTk;
nraw;jpwdhfTk;
nraw;glf;$ba
xU
rpwg;ghd
#oiy
cUthf;Ftjpy; jd;id mh;g;gzpj;Js;sJ. gq;Fr; re;ijapd; tsu;r;rpf;F gq;fspg;Gr;
nra;tjw;F xU rpwe;j xOq;FgLj;jy; Ntiyr;rl;lfk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. MfNt
gq;Fr; re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; xOq;FgLj;jy; FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;Ak; Kfkhf
gpizaq;fs; ghpth;j;jid rl;lkhdJ jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gLk;.
285. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tpahghu eltbf;ifs; tpupTgLj;jg;gl;L Nkk;gLj;jg;gl
Ntz;Lkhapd; mt;tpahghuq;fs; Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpyhd ePz;l fhy %yjdj;jpd;
mtrpak; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. fk;gdpfspd; njhFjpf; fld; gpizaq;fs;
64

re;ijahdJ ,yq;ifapy; kpfTk; RWRWg;ghdjhFk;. ,J 2014 Mk; Mz;by; &gh 50

gpy;ypad;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNjhL mJ 2012 Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gpLifapy; ehd;F
klq;F mjpfkhFk;. MfNt fk;gdpfspd; njhFjpf; fld; gpizaq;fs; tphpthf;fj;jpw;F
cWjpaspf;Fk; tifapy; 2016 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;eltbf;iffSld; njhlh;ghd tUkhd
thp kw;Wk; epWj;jp itj;jy; thpapypUe;J tpyf;fspg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
286. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> murhq;f gpizaq;fis tpw;gid nra;tjw;fhf tpNrl
tpw;gidj; jsk; vk;kplk; ,y;iy. Muk;gkhf mur gpizaq;fspd; nfhLf;fy;
thq;fy;fSf;fhd Kwpfs; jPu;T epiyaj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J
gpw;fhyj;jpy; epjp cgfuzq;fshd jdpahh; njhFjpf; fld; gpizaq;fs; mjhtJ
njhFjpf; fld; ghpkhw;wy;fs; cs;slq;fyhf Vida epjp cgfuzq;fSf;Fk;
tpupthf;fg;glyhk;. Kwpfs; jPu;T epiyakhdJ ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy;
cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,e;epiyakhdJ KOikahf ,aq;Fk; NghJ mJ Rje;jpukhd xU
,af;Fdu; rigapdhy; epWtfpf;fg;gLk;. kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; xU
th;j;jf jsnkhd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F &gh 500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
287. mNjNtis> gq;F tpw;gid kw;Wk; nfhs;tdtpd; NghJ tpw;fg;gLk; gq;F nfhLf;fy;
thq;fy; mwtPlhd 0.3 rjtPj mwtPlhdJ ePf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; gq;Fr; re;ij
eltbf;iffs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLtNjhL ,J ke;jfjpapy; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
gq;Fr; re;ij nraw;ghLfis Jupjg;gLj;JtNjhL gq;Fr; rhd;wpjo; kPjhd Kj;jpiuf;
fl;lzKk; ePf;fg;gLk;.
288. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> gq;Fr; re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; epiyaw;w jd;ikahdJ
gy gq;F jufu;fsplj;jpy; gy gpur;rpidfis Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ. %yjdr; re;ijapd;
ePz;lfhy mgptpUj;jpia cWjp nra;tjpy; gq;Fr; re;ij jufu;fspd; epiyNgwhdJ
,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. MfNt gq;Fr; re;ij jufu;fs; RNal;irahf ,iztij ehd;
Cf;Ftpf;fpNwd;.
289. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> th;j;jf kw;Wk; epjpr; re;ijapy; jfty;fspd; cz;ikj;
jd;ikahdJ re;ijapd; rpwg;ghd nrayhw;Wiff;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
toq;fg;gLk; jfty;fspd; ek;gfj; jd;ikia cWjp nra;tjpy; fzf;fpay; kw;Wk;
fzf;fha;T epajpfs; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd. gl;bayplg;gl;l kw;Wk; gl;bayplg;glhj
ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; midj;J tpahghu Kaw;rpfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,yq;if
fzf;Ffs; kw;Wk; fzf;fha;T epajpfis jahupg;gjpy; <LgLk; fzf;fPL kw;Wk;
fzf;fha;T epajpfs; fz;fhzpg;G rigahdJ ehl;by; cWjpnra;ag;glTs;s gy
epWtdq;fspy; xd;whFk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;if fzf;fpay; kw;Wk;
fzf;fha;T
epajpfs;
fz;fhzpg;G
rigapd;
eltbf;iffshdJ
njhopy;El;g
gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; epjp gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; jilg;gl;Ls;sJ. fle;j murhq;fkhdJ
,e;epWtdq;fspd;
Njitfis
eptu;j;jp
nra;tjpy;
ftdk;
nrYj;jtpy;iy.
,e;epWtdj;jpd; Nehf;nfy;iyia tphpthf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; chpa rl;l tpjpfs;
Jupjg;gLj;jg;gl;L kPsha;T nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;epWtdj;ij cWjp nra;tjw;fhf &gh 100
kpy;ypad; xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
290. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Mjd tpw;gid kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpf;F
mtrpakhd %yjdj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; kw;Wk; Mjd tpw;gidj; Jiwapy;
tsu;r;rpapd; %yk; rpwpa KjyPl;lhsh;fs; Neubahf ed;ikailtij cWjpnra;Ak;
Nehf;fpy; gl;bayplg;gl;l Mjd tpw;gid ek;gpf;if epjpak; cUthf;fg;gLk;. Mjd
tpw;gidfspy; midj;J nrhj;Jf;fSk; Mjd tpw;gid ek;gpf;if epjpaj;jpw;F khw;wk;
65

nra;Ak; NghJ 90 rjtPjkhd tUkhdkhdJ Mjd tpw;gid ek;gpf;if epjpaj;jpd;

myFfis
itj;jpUg;gthplk;
gq;fPL
nra;ag;gLtNjhL
mth;fs;
Kj;jpiu
jPu;itapypUe;Jk; tpyf;fspf;fg;gLtu;.
291. NkYk; rdj;njhif fl;likg;G khw;wj;Jld; gpd;Nehf;fpa milkhdk; Kiwikia
mwpKfk; nra;tij rpwe;jnjdf; fUJfpNwd;.
292. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> rh;tNjr re;ijapy; ,yq;ifahdJ jw;NghJ
I.m.nlhyh;fspy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;l Kwpfspd; %yk; khj;jpuk; epjpiaj; jpul;Lfpd;wJ.
vkJ fld; epjpfspd; fpuaj;ijf; Fiwf;F Kfkhf rPd Athd;> kw;Wk; RFf; Kwpfs;
cs;slq;fyhf kuG hPjpaw;w Kwpfs; re;ijfisAk; ehk; ghprPyid nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
293. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; gq;Fr;
re;ijapd; xOq;FgLj;jy; Njitg;ghLfis g+h;jj
; pnra;a Kbahikapd; fhuzkhf
gl;bayplg;gLtjpy; gy rpf;fy;fis vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;wd. mJ mt;thwhapd;> rpwpa
kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpyhd ePz;lfhy %yjdq;fis
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij jLj;J epWj;Jk;. rpwpa
kw;Wk;
eLj;ju
njhopy;
Kaw;rpfs;
ePz;lfhy epjpapid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf re;jh;g;gq;fis tphpthf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; rpwpa
kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; gq;Fr; re;ijapy; gl;baypLtjw;fhf Fiwe;j
fl;Lg;ghLfSld; $ba rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;fhd tpNrl tu;j;jf
jsnkhd;iw nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijapy; cUthf;f Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk;
rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; KjyPL nra;Js;s tpahghu KjyPl;L
epWtdq;fSf;F xU nrhFrhd ntspNaW cghaj;ij mspf;Fk;.
294. nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijahdJ ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpfs; nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijapy;
gl;bayplg;gLtij Cf;Ftpg;gjpy; xU rpwg;ghdnjhU gq;ifahw;w Ntz;Lnkd
gpNuupf;fpd;Nwd;. cs;@h; fk;gdpfs; nfhOk;G gq;F re;ijapy; gl;bayplg;gLnkdpd;
mitfs; ,uz;L tUl tupr; rYiffis ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. mNjNtis>
mf;fk;gdpfs; ntspehl;L gq;Fr; re;ijfshd yz;ld;> rpq;fg;g+h;> nfhq;Nfhq;> Kk;gha;
Nghd;wtw;wpy; gl;bayplg;gl;bUg;gpd; mt;thpr; rYifahdJ %d;W tUlq;fSf;F
ePbf;fg;gLk;. ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpfs; nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijapy; gl;bayplg;gLtij
(nlhyupy; gl;bayply;) ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.
295. jw;Nghija re;ij %yjdkhf;fy; &gh 28 kpy;ypadhFk;. Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s
midj;J eltbf;iffs; ClhfTk; re;ij %yjdkhf;fiy &gh 50 kpy;ypadhf
mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehk; vjpHghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

gz;lq;fs; ghpkhw;wk;
296. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Njapiy ,wg;gu; njq;F kw;Wk; tpNrl Vw;Wkjpg;
nghUl;fs; vd;gd vkJ Vw;Wkjpg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; xU Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk;.
Mdhy; vk;kplk; gz;lq;fs; ghpkhw;wk; re;ijapy;iy vd;gij ehd; Fwpg;gpl
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. gpizaq;fs; kw;Wk; ghpkhw;wy; Mizf;FOtpdhy; xOq;FgLj;jf;$ba
gz;lq;fs; ghpkhw;W re;ij xd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhd rhpahd jUzk; ,Jntd;W ehd;
fUJfpd;Nwd;.

66

midtUf;Fk; rk tha;gspf;ff;$ba rpwg;ghd njhopw;re;ij

297. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;bd; rdj;njhif fl;likg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; khw;wk;
Kjpu;r;rpaile;JtUk;
rdj;njhif
vd;gd
fhuzkhf
ehl;bd;
njhopw;gilapd;
tFjpahdJ kpfTk; tpiuthf khwptUfpd;wJ. ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; vq;fSf;F ,uz;L
njhpT fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vq;fshy; njhopyhsh;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpf;fyhk;.
my;yJ xU njhopyhsUf;fhd ntspaPl;L msit mjpfhpf;fyhk;. ehd; ifj;njhopy;
rq;fq;fSld; Nkw;gl;l fye;Jiuahly;fspd; gb ehd; ,uz;L tplaq;fs; ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;gJ fz;$lhFk;.
298. ehl;by; mjpfhpj;JtUk; KjpNahh; rdj;njhifAld; eilKiwapYs;s Fiwe;j
kl;lj;jpYs;s Ntiyapd;ik kw;Wk; njhopw;re;ij gq;Fgw;wy; kl;lk; vd;gtw;iwf;
fUj;jpw;
nfhs;Sk;
NghJ
epue;jukhd
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fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s
40
kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiynra;a tpUk;ghj Fiwe;j Neuk; Ntiynra;a tpUk;Gk;
jpwd;fisf; nfhz;l njhopyhsh;fspd; Nritfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf gFjpNeu
njhopy; fyhr;rhunkhd;iw cUthf;FtJ nghUe;Jk; vd;W ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;. MfNt
ehl;by; gFjpNeu njhopw; fyhr;rhunkhd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F rhjfkhd #oy; xd;iw
cUthf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjdhy; mur jdpahh; Jiwapdh;
jpwd;fisf; nfhz;l njhopyhsu;fis cs;thq;fp mth;fspd; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; kw;Wk;
Nghl;bj;jd;ikia Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;.
299. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehd; mwpe;jtifapy; murhq;fkhdJ tpahghu nra;Kiw
ntspahh;Nrit

(BPO)

kw;Wk;

mwpT

nra;Kiw

ntspahu;Nrit

toq;fy;

(KPO)!

Jiwfisf; ftu;tjw;F ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; goikahd njhopy;rl;lq;fs; ,jw;F

jilahf cs;sikapdhy; murhq;fk; $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyia
khw;wpaikg;gjw;F ,JNt jUzkhifahy; murhq;fk;; Njitahd jpUj;jq;fis
mwpKfg;gLj;Jk;.
300. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;by; Ntiyg;gilapy; Mz;fspd; gq;fspg;ghdJ 65
rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gLk; NghJ Ntiyg;gilapy; ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;ghdJ 35
rjtPjkhd kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpNy fhzg;gLfpd;wikahy; ,J njhopw;gilapy;
ngz;fspd; gq;Fgw;wiy mjpfhpg;gjw;F cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.
301. jw;NghJ
xg;ge;j
mbg;gilapyhd
njhopyhsu;fs;
midtiuAk;

mtu;fspd;

njhlu;r;rpahd 6 khjfhy Ntiyf;F mku;j;jypd;; gpd; epue;jukhf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij ehd; ed;F mwpNtd;. ,jd;fhuzkhf ngUk;ghyhd njhopy; toq;Feu;fs;
xg;ge;j mbg;gilapyhd njhopyhsh;fis Ntiyf;fku;j;Jtjw;F jaq;Ffpd;wdh;.
,jd;%yk; ,tu;fspy; ngUk;ghyhd ,isQu;fs; mth;fspd; ,sikf;fhyj;jpy; tUkhd
ciog;Gf;fspypUe;J
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MfNt
mt;thwhd
njhopyhsu;fis
epue;jukhf;Ftjw;fhd
fhyj;jpid
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6
khjj;jpypUe;J
xUtUlkhf
mjpfhpg;gjw;F Njitahd rl;lthf;fq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;j Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
302. jdpahh; Jiwapdh; xU Ie;J ehs; fpoik Ntiyf; fyhrhuj;ij gpd;gw;Wtij ehd;
Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk; njhopyhsu;fSf;F $Ljyhd Xa;T Neuk; kw;Wk; jkJ
FLkg;gj;jpdhpd; Cjpa Neuj;ijf; fopg;gjw;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;fpd;wJ. Ie;J ehs;
fpoik Kidg;ghdJ fk;gdpfspd; epWthfr; nryTfis Fiwg;gjw;Fk; gq;fspg;Gr;
nra;Ankd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.
303. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,t;turhq;fj;jpdhy; murhq;f Copau;fSf;F &gh 10>000
rk;gs mjpfhpg;G toq;fg;gl;lij ePq;fs; mwptPu;fs;. jdpahh; Jiw Copau;fspdJk;
67

rk;gsj;ij Fiwe;j gl;rk; &gh 2>500 ,dhy; mjpfhpf;FkhW ehd; Ntz;bf;nfhs;tNjhL

mjpy; &gh 1>500 I 2015 Mk; Mz;by; toq;FtNjhL>&gh 1>000 ,id 2016 Mk;
Mz;by;
ngw;Wf;nfhLf;f
KbAk.;
,jw;F
njhopy;nfhs;Nthh;
rk;Nksdk;
,zq;fpAs;sNjhL Njitahd rl;lthf;fq;fs; nfhz;Ltug;gLk;.
304. njhopyhsu;fSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r rk;gsj;ij cWjpnra;Ak; tifapy; xU njhopy;
Nguit cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,g;NguitahdJ rptpy; r%fk; kw;Wk; th;j;jf kd;wq;;fspdhy;
Kfhik nra;ag;gLk;.

fy;tpj;Jiw
305. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j fhyj;jpd; NghJ fy;tpapd; kPjhd nghJ
KjyPlhdJ Nghjpajhff; fhzg;gltpy;iy.
,jdhy; vkJ ghlrhiyfs; ePh; kw;Wk;
Jg;GuT Vw;ghL> etPd tFg;giwfs;> Ma;T $lq;fs; kw;Wk; tpisahl;L ikjhdq;fs;
Nghd;w mbg;gil trjpfs; mw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Mrphpah;fisj; jpul;bf;nfhs;sy;
kw;Wk; Ml;Nrh;g;G njhlh;ghd Kiwahd nfhs;iffs; fhzg;glhjjhy; tpQ;Qhdk;
kw;Wk; Mq;fpyk; Nghd;w ghlq;fSf;F gy tUlq;fshf Mrphpah;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fhj
ghlrhiyfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;.
fy;tpj; Jiwapy; vkJ
cghakhdJ fw;gpj;jy; juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jjy; ghlrhiyfspd; cl;fl;likg;G
trjpfis mjpfhpj;jy; kw;Wk; ghlrhiy ghltpjhd Nkw;ghh;it Mfpa %d;W Kf;fpa
tplaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
306. fy;tpj;juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; fw;gpj;jy; juk; Kf;fpa gq;fpid tfpf;fpd;wJ.
f~;lkhd #o;epiyfspd; fPo; rpwe;j Kiwapy; nrayhw;Wfpd;w Mrphpah;fSf;F vdJ
ghuhl;Lfisj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;;fpd;Nwd;. midj;J Mrphpah;fSf;Fk; njhlu;r;rpahd
gapw;rpapidg; ngWk; tifapy; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpd; %yk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lnkhd;iw
jahhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. murhq;f kw;Wk; murhq;f xj;Jiog;G toq;fg;gLk;
ghlrhiyfSf;F Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l midj;J Mrphpah;fSk; njhopypy; ,ize;J 05
tUlj;;jpw;Fs; 02 tUl KONeu Mrphpah; gapw;rpnewp xd;wpid ntw;wpfukhfg; g+h;j;jp
nra;a Ntz;Lnkd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.
,jw;fhf &gh 1000 kpy;ypaid
xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.
vkJ murhq;fk; Mrphpah;fspd; jpwd; tpUj;jpapid
mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf njhlh;r;rpahd gapw;rpapid toq;Ftjw;F Mh;tkhf
cs;sJ.
307. fpuhkpa kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpag; ghlrhiyfSf;F tpNrlkhf tpQ;Qhdk;> fzpjk;> jfty;
njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; Mq;fpy ghlq;fSf;F Vw;fdNt Nritapy; cs;s Mrphpah;fisr;
xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Fwpj;j fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; fy;tp mikr;R nraw;wpl;lk; xd;wpidj;
jahhpf;Fk;. ,jw;fhf fpuhkpa kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpag; ghlrhiyfSf;F Mrphpah; tpLjpfs;>
Xa;T miwfs; Nghd;w trjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F &gh 2000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
308. vkJ Muk;g kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; epiyg; ghlrhiyfs; gytw;wpy; Kiwahd kyry$l
trjpfs; ,y;iy.
2016 ,d; Kbtpy; midj;Jg; ghlrhiyfSf;Fk; Foha; ePh;
trjpAld; $ba Kiwahd kyry$l trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk; mjw;fhf
&gh 4000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
309. kpd;rhu trjpapy;yhj ghlrhiyfSf;F Njrpa kpd; fl;likg;gpd; %ykhfNth my;yJ
#hpa rf;jpapd; %ykhfNth kpd;rhu trjpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf &gh 2000
kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

68

310. eLj;jufhy
eltbf;ifj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; 3577 Muk;gg;
ghlrhiyfspy;
midj;J
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mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjw;F
&gh.10>000
kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.
311. mNjNtis> ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; 1000 ,uz;lhk; epiyg; ghlrhiyfs; mtrpakhd
nraw;ghl;L miwfs; Ma;T $lq;fs; ky;hpkPbah miwfs; ,yj;jpudpay; E}yf
trjpfSld; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.
,jw;fhf &gh 15>000 kpy;ypad; xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.
312. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j fhyq;fspy; murhq;fj;jpdhy; vt;tpj cjtpAk;
toq;fg;glhJ Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;;l Vwf;Fiwa 1>360 ghlrhiyfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
mt;thW
Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l
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trjpfisAk;
juj;jpidAk;
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xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
313. NkYk; ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwapy; 25
ghlrhiyfis rfy trjpfSk; $ba ,uz;;lhk;
epiyg; ghlrhiyfshfj; juk; cah;j;Jtjw;F &gh 250 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fL
P
nra;fpNwd;.
314. epue;jukhd
Ma;T$l
trjpfs;
mw;w
ghlrhiyfspy;
tpQ;Qhdf;
fy;tpia
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf &gh 450 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.
315. ghlrhiyfspy; gy; Rfhjhu trjpfSf;F Vw;ghL nra;Ak; tifapy; mjw;fhd
cgfuzq;fis Gduikg;gjw;Fk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; &gh 250 kpy;ypad;fis
xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
316. mr;rplg;gl;l Gj;jfq;fs; rQ;rpiffs; kw;Wk; E}y;fSf;fhd ,wf;Fkjpj; jPh;itfSf;F
tpyf;fspf;fg;gLk;.
317. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ngUk;ghyhd vkJ ghlrhiyfspy; fhzg;gLk;
fhzpfshdJ KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jg;glhky; cs;sJ.
mj;jifa epyq;fis
jdpahh;Jiwg; gq;fspg;Gld; mg; ghlrhiyiaAk; gq;fhsuhf ,izj;J gaph;r;
nra;iffspy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. mjd; %yk; fpilf;Fk;
tUkhdj;ij ghlrhiyAk; KjyPl;lhsUk; gfph;e;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
,jd; %yk;
ciof;fg;gLk; epjpahdJ fy;tpaikr;rpd; mq;fPfhuj;Jld; ghlrhiyfspd; trjpfis
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtw;wpd; guhkhpg;Gf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
318. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fy;tpj;Jiw kPJ ,t;thwhf mjp $ba Nritia
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ midj;J khzth;fSk; ghlrhiyapy; my;yJ njhopy;fy;tpgapw;rp
epWtdq;fSf;F jkJ fy;tp eltbf;iffSf;fhf 13 tUlq;fs; fl;lhak; nry;tjw;fhd
Vw;ghLfisr; nra;Js;Nshk;.
319. ghlrhiyfspy; rpwe;j #oiy cUthf;Ftjw;F Mrphpah; kw;Wk; khzth;fSf;fpilapy;
rpwe;j fUj;Jg; ghpkhwy;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; tFg;giwapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba
khzth;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia 35 Mf tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
320. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
tsq;fspd;
rpwe;j
gad;ghL
kw;Wk;
epjp
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; tif $Wk; jd;ik vd;gtw;Wf;F trjpaspg;gjw;fhf xt;nthU
ghlrhiyapNyAk; jdpahd nryTf; $W xd;W cUthf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd
ehd;
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mikthf fy;tpaikr;R chpa eltbf;iffis vLf;Fnkd ehd; ek;GfpNwd;.
321. nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>
mjpNkjF
rdhjpgjp
N[.Mu;
[atu;jd
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,ytr ghlrhiy rPUil KiwikahdJ jw;NghJ murpay;
69

jiyaPL fhuzkhf rpwg;ghf ,lk; ngWtjpy;iy.

MfNt ghlrhiy rPUil
toq;Ftjw;fhf xU gw;Wr; rPl;L Kiwia mwpKfk; nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. 2016
Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ ,j;jpl;lj;jpdhy; midj;J rpWtu;fSk; ed;ikailtjid
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; tTr;ru;fs; toq;fg;glhj ,lq;fspy; ,ilf;fhy Vw;ghlhf
ghlrhiy rPUilj; Jzp toq;fg;gLk;.

Kd;khjpup gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;
322. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> 2015 cld; xg;gpLifapy; cau; fy;tpf;fhd nkhj;j tuT
nryTj; jpl;l xJf;fPl;bid Vwf;Fiwa 30 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;
vd;gjid
,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F
njuptpj;Jf;
nfhs;tjpy;
kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;.
,e;ehl;by; cau;fy;tpapy; Gul;rpnahd;wpid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; ,JthFk;.
323. njhopy;El;gj; Jiwapy; cau;jug; guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;j khztu;fspd; KjyhtJ
njhFjpapdu; vkJ gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F 2016 ,y; mDkjpf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wdu;
vd;gjid ehd; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; njhopy;El;gj; Jiw
,skhzpg; gl;lj;jpid toq;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd njhopy;El;g gPlq;fis kdpj
tsq;fs;> cl;fl;likg;G trjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fSld;
cUthf;Ftjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
324. khztu;fs; kw;Wk; tpupTiuahsu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpujhd tplakhf tpLjpfs; kw;Wk;
tPl;L trjpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> 2018 ,y; midj;J khztu;fSf;Fk;
mtu;fsJ gy;fiyf;fof fhyk; KOtJk; tpLjp trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
gy;fiyf;fofk;
tpupTiuahsu;fSf;F
ftu;r;rpfukhdjhf
,Ug;gjw;Fk;
mtu;fis
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
njhlu;e;jpUf;fr;
nra;tjw;Fk;
mtu;fSf;fhd tjptpl trjpfs; toq;fg;gLk;.
325. nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>
vkJ
gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F
ehl;bYs;s
jpwikrhypfspy;
xUrpyu;
khj;jpuNk
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mNjNtis>
cs;ehl;L
gy;fiyf;fofq;fspd; ghltpjhdq;fs; jdpahu; Jiwf;F ve;jsT gq;fspg;gpid
toq;Ffpd;wJ vd;gJ tpthjj;jpw;Fupa tplakhFk;. ,g;gpd;dzpapy;> juT tpQ;Qhdk;>
nka; tpQ;Qhdk;> capupay; jfty;Jiw> tpahghu gFg;gha;T> msT mstpay; Nghd;w
Gjpa
ghlnewpfis
mtw;wpdJ
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mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F
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gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; eltbf;if vLj;Js;sjid ehd; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
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Kf;fpakhd tplankd;gjid ,g; ghuhSkd;wk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj
re;NjfKkpy;iy. gy;NtW ru;tNjr gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; jiyik my;yJ nfsut
Nguhrpupau; gjtp toq;Ftjd; %yk; ,g;gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;tpid fz;Ls;sJ. ,t;thwhd
tpUJfs; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F ngWkjp Nru;f;fpd;w Muha;r;rpfspy; <LgLtjw;fhd
Rje;jpuj;jpid tpupTiuahsu;fSf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ. vdNt> ehl;bd; cau;fy;tp
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Njrpa
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mt;thwhd
trjpfis
toq;Ftjw;F
ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

70

327. ntspehl;L
khztu;fis
ftu;tjw;fhd
Vw;ghlhf
tpNrlkhf
cs;ehl;Lg;
gy;fiyf;fofq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; gl;lg;gpd;gbg;G gapw;rp newpfSf;fhf mj;jifa
epWtdq;fs; cau; njhopy; jifikfis toq;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ru;tNjr cau;
njhopy; epWtdq;fspd; rhd;Wg;gLj;jypid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjid Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wd
vd;wtifapy; mj;jifa epWtdq;fSf;F epjp cjtpapid toq;Ftjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
328. k`hnghy gy;fiyf;fofk; - nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkJ gpujku; fy;tp
mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jNghJ tu;j;jf mikr;ruhd yypj; mj;Jyj;Kjyp vkJ tuyhw;wpy;
kwf;f Kbahj Nritapid Mw;wpAs;shh; vd;gjid ehd; ,q;F Rl;bf;fhl;Ljy;
Ntz;Lk;. mtuJ k`hnghy Gyikg;ghprpy; jpl;lkhdJ gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fs; jkJ
fy;tpapid ntw;wpfukhf epiwTnra;tjw;F KbAkhf ,Ue;jJld; mjd;%yk; cUthd
gyu; ,yq;ifapYk; ntspehl;bYk; cau; njhopy;fspy; Nritahw;wp tUfpd;wdu;.
,t;thwhd
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k`hnghy
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mq;fPfhuk; toq;Fnkd ehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,g;gy;fiyf;fofkhdJ jfty;
njhopy;El;gk;> tpahghuf; fw;iffs;> Mq;fpyk;> Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Vida Gjpa
re;ijf;Nfw;w ghlnewpfspidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid
xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
329. nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>
vkJ
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tha;g;Gf;fis
tpupTgLj;Jtjw;F
murhq;fj;jpd;
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fpspnehr;rpapy;
nghwpapay;
gPlj;ijAk; tTdpahtpy; tptrha gPlj;ijAk; mikf;f ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
330. ghyp kw;Wk; ngsj;j fw;iffSf;fhd gl;lg; gpd;gbg;G epWtdj;jpw;F Gjpa
fl;blnkhd;Wld; Njitahd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSk; toq;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 500
kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
331. gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fSf;F 3 tUl tl;bay;yhj fld; mbg;gilapy; kb
fzdpfis

toq;Ftjw;Fk;

midj;J

gy;fiyf;fofq;fspYk;;

,ytr

wi-fi zones

trjpfis Vw;ghL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. (,jw;fhf &gh 300 kpy;ypaid

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
332. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tpisahl;Lj; Jiwapy; rhjidfisg; gilj;jtu;fs;>
Gjpa nghUs; my;yJ Nritapid fz;Lgpbj;jtu;fs;> Math Olympiad Nghd;w ru;tNjrg;
Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wpatu;fSf;F gy;fiyf;fof mDkjpapd; NghJ Nkyjpf Gs;spfs;
toq;Ftjw;fhd Gjpa eilKiwfis gpd;gw;Wtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
333. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> kpf ePz;l fhykhf vkJ khztu;fspd; ntspehl;Lf;
fy;tpf;fhf mjpfsthd ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ntspr; nry;fpd;wJ. ,g;Nghf;F
khw;wpaikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;;. ,j;Jiwapy; vkJ Mw;wYf;F tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;Jk;
tifapy; ntspehl;L khztu;fis ,yq;ifapy; fw;gjw;F J}z;l Ntz;Lnkd;gJld;
mjd;%yk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp cl;gha;r;ry; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. ,yq;if fy;tpf;fhd
ikankhd;whf khWtjw;fhd Mw;wypidg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,e;jtifapy;> kUj;Jtj;Jiw
ePq;fyhf jdpahu; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; gy;fiyf;fof khdpaq;fs; Mizf;FOtpdhy;
epWtfpf;fg;gLk; tifapy; ,yq;ifapy; njhopw;gLtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLk;. vdpDk;
nkhj;j Ml;Nru;g;gpy; 10 rjtPjk; cs;ehl;L cau;jug; guPl;irapy; rpwe;j Kiwapy;
rpj;jpaile;j khztu;fSf;F ,ytrkhf mDkjp toq;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa
njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; cs;ehl;L gq;fhsUf;F tup Cf;Ftpg;G toq;fg;gLk;.
71

334. gy;fiyf;fof tpupTiuahsu;fs; Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufis rku;g;gpj;jy; cs;slq;fyhf

cj;jpNahfg+u;t gzpfSf;fhf ntspehl;Lg; gpuahzq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ
nrYj;j Ntz;ba gy;NtW nfhLg;gdTfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy vd ehd; mwpe;J
nfhz;Nld;.
vdNt>
murhq;fj;jpd;
midj;J
NritfspYs;s
epiwNtw;W
mYtyu;fSf;F
toq;fg;gl;l
trjpfis
gy;fiyf;fof
tpupTiuahsu;fSf;Fk;
toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
335. murhq;fk; Nghl;bg; guPl;irfis elhj;Jtjd; %yk; murhq;f Nritf;F gl;ljhupfis
njhlu;e;Jk; Ml;Nru;g;G nra;Ak;. murhq;f Copau;fspd; Mw;wy;fs; etPd rthy;fSf;F
Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; mjpfupf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. vdNt> eilKiw njhopy; re;ij
Nfs;tpf;Nfw;w gl;lg;gbg;G fw;if newpfis ikag;gLj;JtjD}lhf Cf;Ftpf;FkhW
vkJ gy;fiyf;fofq;fis ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
336. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F
Nkyjpfkhf &gh 6>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

njhopw;gapw;rp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp tha;g;GfSf;fhd jpUg;GKid

337. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahupg;Gf; fhyg;gFjpapy; ehl;bYs;s
gy;NtW ifj;njhopy; NguitfSld; fye;Jiuahly;fis elj;jpNdd;. njhopy;
epWtdq;fspdhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l tplak; ahnjdpy; ehl;by; Muk;g kw;Wk; eLj;ju
kl;lj;jpy; jpwikngw;w gzpahsu;fs; gw;whf;Fiw fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjhFk;.
338. njhopy;gapw;rp kw;Wk; jpwd; tpUj;jpapid toq;Ftjw;F ehl;by; 400 ,w;F mjpfkhd
murhq;f
epWtdq;fs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
mj;jifa
epWtdq;fSf;F
,ilapy;
xUq;fpizg;G fhzg;glhjJld; jdpahu; Jiwf;Fk; ,e;epWtdq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy;
Fiwthd njhlu;Ng fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> epuy; mikr;R>
%d;whk; epiy kw;Wk; njhopy; fy;tp Mizf;FO vd;gtw;Wf;F MNyhrid
toq;ff;$ba gy;NtW ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhd ifj;njhopy; Jiw Nguitfis
tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjd;%yk; ehl;by; jdpahu; Jiw
Njitf;fhd njhopw;gapw;rp cghankhd;W cUthf;fg;gLk;.
339. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> njhopw;gapw;rp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gtpay; gy;fiyf;fofk;
(UNIVOTEC)

kw;Wk;

rKj;jputpay;

gy;fiyf;fofk;

vd;gd

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJld;

ghlrhiyf; fy;tpapid Kbj;Jf; nfhz;ltu;fs; rhd;wpjo;fs;> bg;Nshkh kw;Wk;

gl;lg;gbg;Gr;
rhd;wpjopid
ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;fhd
khw;Wtopnahd;W
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> rKj;jpu caphpay;> rKj;jpu nghOJNghf;F kw;Wk;
JiwKf> fg;gy; fl;ly; xUq;fpize;j fiuNahu ts Kfhikj;Jtk; Nghd;w Gjpa
gl;lg;gbg;G ghlnewpfspid rKj;jpug; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; %yk; mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F
ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
340. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;ehl;by; jpwikkpf;f Copag; gilapid mjpfupf;Fk;
Nehf;fj;Jld; Ie;J gy;fiyf;fof fy;Y}hpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; kpf tpiutpy;
gl;ldfyapy;
kw;WnkhU
gy;fiyf;fofk;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl
cs;sJ.
nghypku;
njhopy;El;gk;> GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp njhopy;El;gk;> ngUe;Njhl;l gapH njhopy;El;gk;>
Clfj;Jiw
Nghd;w
gapw;rp
newpfis
cs;slf;Ffpd;w
ghltpjhdq;fis
,g;gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eLj;jukl;l njhopy;El;gtpayhsu;fis
cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; njhopy;El;g fy;Y}hpfis gy;fiyf;fof fy;Y}hpfspd; me;j];jpw;F
cau;j;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; gy;fiyf;fof fy;Y}hpfspy; NVQ 5
72

kw;Wk; 6 vd;w jifikapid ngw;w khztu;fs; NVQ 7 tiu njhlu;eJ

;
gl;lg;gbg;G
fw;if

newpapid

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;

njhlu;e;J

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

(UNIVOTEC)

Gjpa

mDkjpf;Fk;

ghlnewpfis

tifapy;

njhopy;El;g

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F

ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
341. gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fSf;F tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;Jk; tifapy; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk;
gy;fiyf;fofq;fSld; njhopy;El;g mbg;gil gy;fiyf;fof tshfq;fs; kw;Wk;
njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq;fisAk; ehk; jhgpf;f cs;Nshk;. ,e;j njhopy;Dl;g mbg;gil
tshfq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq;fSf;F mDkjp ngWk; Fiwe;j tUkhdk;
ngWk; jpwikahd khztu;fSf;F tTr;ru; Kiwnahd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
342. njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; njhopw;fy;tpapid NkYk; ];jpug;gLj;Jtjw;F ,yq;if N[u;kd;
njhopy;El;g
gapw;rp
epWtfj;jpw;fhd
khztH
mDkjpapid
,uz;L
tUl
fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; 200 ,dhy; mjpfupg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g
xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpdhy; epjpaspf;fg;gl;l fpspnehr;rp njhopy; gapw;rp epiyak;
mz;ikapy; g+Hj;jpaila cs;sJ. vdNt> N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g epWtdj;jpidg;
Nghd;W RahjPd gapw;rp epWtdnkhd;whf ,e;epiyaj;jpid mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
343. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Copar; re;ij> fl;blk; kw;Wk; epu;khzk;> N`hl;ly;
kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhj;Jiw> vspa nghwpapay; kw;Wk; jahupg;Gj; Jiwfs; Nghd;w Jiwfspd;
Nfs;tpapid <Lnra;tjw;F jpwikahd Copag;gilapid cUthf;FtJ njhlu;ghf
,e;j murhq;fk; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. gapw;rp newpfis toq;Fjy; kw;Wk;
gapw;rp newpapid g+u;j;jp nra;jtu;fSf;F rhd;wpjo;fis toq;Ftjw;fhf murhq;f
kw;Wk; jdpahu; gq;fspg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lnkhd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
344. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; epjpf; $w;Wfs;>
tpahghuj; jpl;lq;fis jahupg;gjw;F Njitahd Mw;wy;fisf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy
vd;gJ ahtUk; mwpe;j tplakhFk;. rpwpa kw;Wk; njhopy;Kaw;rpj; Jiwapy; Vw;fdNt
<Lgl;Ls;stu;fSf;F
%d;W
khj
gapw;rpapid
toq;Ftjw;F
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l
fzf;fha;T epWtdq;fis ehd; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. gapYdu; xUtUf;F
khjnkhd;Wf;F 2>000 &ghtpid fzf;fha;T epWtdq;fSf;F murhq;fk; toq;Fk;.
xt;nthU fhyhz;bYk; 2>500 ,isQu;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gLtu; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
,jw;fhf &gh 30 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
345. NkYk;> Mq;fpy nkhopj; Nju;r;rp kw;Wk; nkd;wpwd; tpUj;jp nra;tJ Copar; re;ijapy;
Nghl;bapLtjw;F mtrpaj; NjitahFk;. Mq;fpy nkhop kw;Wk; nkd;wpwd; njhopy;El;g
gapw;rp
epiyaq;fspy;
khztu;fSf;F
Nghjpg;gjw;F
ntspehLfspy;
gapw;Wtpg;ghsu;fSf;fhd gapw;rpapid toq;Ftjw;F tpNrl epfo;rr
; pj; jpl;lnkhd;iwj;
jhgpg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> jukhd Mq;fpy nkhop gapw;rp newpfis
toq;Ftjw;F jdpahu; epWtdq;fis ehk; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwhk;.
346. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F &gh
3>000 kpy;ypaid Nkyjpfkhf xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

73

,isQH gil Clhf ,isQu;fis tYt+l;ly;

347. nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>
vkJ
ehl;by;
,isQu;fs;
vjpu;fhyj;jpw;F
topaikg;gtu;fs; Mthu;. ,isQu;fs; jkJ KO Mw;wypidAk; ntspf; nfhzu;tjw;F
mtu;fis mDkjpf;fpd;w tifapy; vkJ ehl;bd; ,isQu;fSf;fhd tha;g;Gfis
toq;Ftjw;F ,e;j murhq;fk; cWjpaspj;Js;sJ. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; Njrpa ,isQu;
gilia Gduikg;gjw;Fk; tYg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
348. rhjhuz ju kw;Wk; cau;juj;jpy; ,il tpyfpatu;fSf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fk;
tifapy; njhopy; topfhl;ly;> Ms;rhu; tpUj;jp> jiyikj;Jt gapw;rp kw;Wk; xOf;f
tpOkpak; vd;gtw;wpid ,isQu; gilazpapd; Clhf ,isQu;fSf;F toq;Ftjw;Fk;
mtu;fis njhopy;El;g fy;tpf;fhf njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq;fSf;F mDg;Gtjw;Fk; ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjdhy; ,yq;if njhopy;El;g gapw;rp epWtdk; kw;Wk; njhopypEl;g
gapw;rpAld; rk;ge;jgl;l ,d;Ndhud;d epWtdq;fis Njrpa ,isQu; mzpNahL
,izj;Jtpl Kd;nkhofpd;Nwd;.
349. ,j; jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F NkYk; &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid Nkyjpfkhf xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
350. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,ize;j Mw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; njhopw;gapw;rp jpwikfis
gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jkJ vjpu;fhyj;ij tFj;jikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ,isQu;fis
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd Neuk; ,JthFk;. fhyhz; tsu;g;G> jsghlf; ifj;njhopy;> kpd;
epiyaq;fs;>
czTg; ghJfhg;G> myq;fhu kPd; tsu;g;G> ghw;nghUs; ifj;njhopy;>
NjdP tsu;g;G Nghd;w fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; <LgLtjw;F Mff; Fiwe;jJ Ik;gJ
cWg;gpdu;fis nfhz;l FOnthd;wpYs;s ,isQu;fSf;F fld; toq;Ftjw;F tu;j;jf
tq;fpfSf;fhd eilKiwnahd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
tu;jj
; f tq;fpfs; mj;jifa fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F tl;b rYiff; fld; mbg;gilapy;
fld; toq;FtJld; mj;jifa njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; tphpthf;fg;gl;L epjp kw;Wk;
tsq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd jifikapid ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd;
mstpd; mbg;gilapy; ,f;fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf murhq;ff; fhzpfs; toq;fg;gLk;.
,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf ehL KOtjpYKs;s 6>000 fpuhkq;fspypUe;J Mff; Fiwe;jJ
300>000 ,isQu;fs; fye;J nfhs;thnud vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; epWtd nghWg;G
fUj;jpl;lnkhd;W
vd;w
tifapy;
tpNrl
fld;
jpl;lj;jpw;fhd
Vw;ghl;bid
Nkw;nfhs;SkhW Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fpf;F ehd; miog;G tpLf;fpd;Nwd;.

Rfhjhuk; - etPd Rfhjhug; guhkupg;G

351. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; KjyPL nra;a Ntz;ba Njit
fhzg;gLtjid ,e;j murhq;fk; KOikahf czu;e;Js;sJ. vkJ ehl;bd;
gpuirfSf;F ,ytr Rfhjhu Nritapid toq;Ftjw;F ehk; mu;g;gzpg;Gld;
nraw;gLfpd;Nwhk;. ,e;jtifapy; vkJ cghak; gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;L ,Ug;gJld;
kdpjts mgptpUj;jp> nkd; kw;Wk; td; cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp
mgptpUj;jpf;F KjyPLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
352. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; milahsq; fhzg;glhj ehl;gl;l
rpWePuf
Neha;
njhlu;ghd
thjg;
gpujpthjq;fSk;
fye;Jiuahly;fSk;
,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. vdNt milahsq; fhzg;glhj ehl;gl;l rpWePuf
Neha; fhzg;gLk; gpuNjrq;fspy; 1>000 rpWePuf rpfpr;ir epiyaq;fis cldbahf
jhgpg;gjw;F &gh 6>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
74

353. kpd;Ndhpahtpy; rpWePuf Neha;f;fhd tpNrl itj;jparhiy xd;wpid epWTtjw;Fk;

mjw;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
354. ey;Y}u;>
fz;b
kw;Wk;
khj;jiw
Mfpa
gpuNjrq;fspy;
%d;W
Gw;WNeha;
itj;jparhiyfis epu;khzpg;gjw;fhf &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
355. rpwe;j Rfhjhug; guhkupg;gpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F mDuhjGuk;> FUehfy; kw;Wk;
aho;g;ghzk; itj;jpa rhiyfis cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida trjpfSld;
juKau;j;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
356. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehl;by; Rfhjhu ttrjpfis tphpthf;Fk; Nehf;FlDk;>
mtru Njitfspd; NghJ FWfpa Neuj;jpy; Rfhjhu trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjid
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fk; elkhLk; itj;jparhiy vz;zf;fU cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf &gh
200 kpy;ypad; xJf;fg;gLk;.
357. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> rpWtu; kw;Wk; tNahjpgu;fis jhf;Ffpd;w njhw;whj
Neha;fspd; mjpfupj;J tUk; rthiy vjpu;nfhs;tjw;F mLj;j 3 tUlq;fspd; NghJ
murhq;fk; Nehapay;> mtru rpfpr;ir> KjpNahu; kUj;Jtk;> Foe;ij kUj;Jtk; Nghd;w
tpNrl Jiwfspy; itj;jpau;fis gapw;Wtpf;fTk; tNahjpgu;fis guhkupf;Fk; jhjpkhu;
kw;Wk; Jiz kUj;Jt mYtyu;fSf;fhd gapw;rp vd;gtw;Wf;F &gh 250 kpy;ypaid
xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
358. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehLKOtjpYk; gy;NtW js itj;jpa rhiyfSk;
gpuNjr itj;jpa rhiyfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t; itj;jpa rhiyfspy; fl;by; trjp>
gupNrhjid cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida trjpfs; Fiwthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,t;thwhd itj;jpa rhiyfspy; Kiwahd tjptpl trjpfs; fhzg;glhikapdhy;
itj;jpau;fis
njhlu;e;J
itj;jpUg;gJ
rpukkhdjhFk;.
vdNt>
fpuhkpag;
gpuNjrq;fspYs;s
itj;jpau;fs; kw;Wk; Vida kUj;Jt mYtyu;fspd; tjptpl
Njitapidg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F 2 tUlq;fSf;Fs; eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;. jdpahu;
murhq;f gq;fspg;gpid Cf;Ftpg;gJld; ,t;thwhd trjpfis epu;khzpj;J guhkupf;fpd;w
jdpahu; JiwapdUf;F murhq;fk; thlifapidr; nrYj;Jk;.
359. mLj;j ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;Fs; %d;whk; epiy eyd;Ghp itj;jpa rhiyfSld;
,ize;jjhf rfy trjpfSk; nfhz;l gj;J khtl;l gf;fthj epiyaq;fis
epu;khzpg;gjw;F Kd;nkhoptJld; itj;jpa rhiyfspy; tpgj;J kw;Wk; mtru rpfpr;ir
Nritfis tpupthf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf &gh 5>000 kpy;ypaid
xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
360. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkJ Rfhjhuj; Jiw cghaj;jpy; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk;
mgptpUj;jp Kf;fpakhd tplakhFk;. ,j;JiwapYs;s cau; njhopy;Ghpeu;fs; Muha;r;rp
kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpg; gzpapy; <Lgl;Ls;sJld; mtu;fsJ fz;Lgpbg;GfSf;F rpwpjsthd
my;yJ vt;tpj xj;Jiog;Gk; murhq;fj;jpypUe;J fpilg;gjpy;iy. 2015 ,y; n[dPthtpy;
,lk;ngw;w fz;Lgpbg;ghsu; ru;tNjr fz;fhl;rpapy; jq;fg;gjf;fk; ntd;wtu;fis ehd;
ghuhl;Lfpd;Nwd;.

Footie

cgfuzj;jpid

fz;Lgpbj;jjw;fhf

itj;jpau;

J~pjh

f`Jt> Gw euk;G Cf;fp Crpapid fz;Lgpbj;jjw;fhf itj;jpau; mEu tpf;fpukrpq;f

WFSA
kw;Wk;
Fuy;tis
Ma;T
gw;wpa
fhnzhspapid
cUthf;fpajw;fhf
epWtdj;jpdhy; tpUJ toq;fg;gl;l itj;jpau; mDu tpf;fpukrpq;f Mfpa %d;W ,sk;
itj;jpau;fSk; Vw;fdNt
ehl;bd; Rfhjhuj;Jiwapd; juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;jf;$ba
75

tifapy;
Gj;jhf;f
fUtpfis
fz;Lgpbj;jtu;fis
gpd;gw;wpatu;fs;.
mtu;fs;
midtiuAk; ehd; kPzL
; k; ghuhl;Lfpd;Nwd;.
361. Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtjj;jpid czu;e;J
ePupopT Neha;> nlq;F> milahsq; fhzg;glhj ehl;gl;l rpWePuf Neha; kw;Wk; Gw;WNeha;
vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Muha;r;rp xj;Jiog;gpid toq;Ftjw;F Njrpa tpQ;Qhd kd;wj;jpw;F
&gh 250 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
362. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> = [atu;jdGu itj;jparhiy GJg;gpf;fg;gLtJld;
jdpahu; JiwAld; Nghl;bapLk; tifapy; tpupthf;fg;gl cs;sJ. mjw;fhf &gh 1>500
kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.mNjNtis> cs;ehl;L kw;Wk;
ntspehl;L re;ijapy; jifikngw;w jhjpkhiu toq;Ftjw;F [atu;jdGu itj;jpa
rhiyAld; ,ize;j jhjpkhu; ghlrhiy tUlnkhd;Wf;F 2>000 jhjpkhUf;F gapw;rp
toq;Ftjw;F
Njitahd
cl;fl;likg;G
trjpfSld;
mgptpUj;jp
nra;ag;gl
Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,jw;fhf &gh 2>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
363. epjpg; gad;ghl;bid tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf fz;fhzpg;gjw;F gzj;jpd; ngWkjpapid
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; xt;nthU itj;jpa rhiyapYk; fz;fhzpg;G mynfhd;wpid
jhgpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
364. ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ehl;bypUe;J ntspNa nry;tjid Fiwg;gjw;F murhq;f
jdpahu; gq;fspg;nghd;whf kUe;Jg;nghUs; tyaq;fisj; jhgpg;gjw;fhd jdpahu;
njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F ehd; miog;G tpLf;fpd;Nwd;. murhq;fk; epyq;fis toq;Ftjd;
%yk; ,jw;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;. Fwpj;j kUe;Jg; nghUSf;fhd murhq;fj;jpd;
Njitf;Nfw;g
nfhs;tdT
nra;tjw;fhd
Vw;ghLfs;
njhlu;gpy;
cld;ghL
fhzg;gl;Ls;sJld; mit re;ijapy; ,lk;gpbg;gjw;fhd Cf;Ftpg;G toq;fg;gLk;.

RNjr kUj;Jtj; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpj;jy;

365. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ghuk;gupa rpfpr;ir KiwahdJ guk;giu guk;giuahf
flj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld;
Mq;fpy
kUj;Jtk;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;
tiu
,e;ehl;by;
epiyj;jpUe;jJ.
366. vt;thwhapDk;> ghuk;gupa kUj;Jtk; KOikahf mope;J Nghftpy;iy. Mq;fpy
kUj;Jtj;jpypUe;J vOe;j mf;fiwahdJ ehl;bd; RNjr kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;F Gj;J}f;fk;
toq;fpaJ. vdNt> ,d;W ,yq;if MAu;Ntj Rw;Wyhj;Jiwf;F ru;tNjr uPjpapy;
Gfo;ngw;w ,lkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
367. RNjr kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; gy;NtW gpur;rpidfs; fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; %ypif kUe;Jg;
nghUl;fs; mUfptUfpd;wik gpujhd gpur;rpidnahd;whFk;. ,e;jtifapy; fLnty;gL>
tp~;Dfhe;jp Nghd;w FWfpafhy %ypifr; nrbfis gapupLtjw;F Cf;Ftpg;G
toq;Ftjw;F 2>000 tptrhapfSf;F mur fhzpfis toq;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhoptJld;
,jw;fhf rYif mbg;gilapy; epjp toq;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
368. ,j;njhopw; Jiwapd; kjpg;gpid cyf kl;lj;jpy; NgZtJld; mjd; Kiwikfis
xUq;fpizg;gjw;Fk; midj;J MAu;Ntj itj;jpa rhiyfisAk; ehLKOtJk;
fhzg;gLfpd;w
k]h[;
epiyaq;fisAk;
xOq;fikg;gjw;fhd
Kiwnahd;wpid
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

76

nghUshjhuj;ij Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jpa fz;Lgpbg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp

369. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tpQ;Qhdk;> njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; Gj;jhf;fk; kPjhd vkJ
KjyPL nkh.c. cw;gj;jp tsu;r;rpapy; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpid fhz;gjw;F jtwpAs;sd. vkJ
jahupf;fg;gl;l Vw;Wkjpfis cau; njhopy;El;g ngWkjp Nru;gG
; ld; Fiwe;j rjtPjj;jpy;
jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. (mgptpUj;jpaile;j ifj;njhopy; ehLfspy; fhzg;gLk;
50 75 tiuahd rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy;) kpff;Fiwe;j jahupg;G gq;fspg;G kw;Wk;
vkJ nghUsjhuj;jpw;fhd Nritf; ifj;njhopypid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Muha;r;rp
vd;gd
vkJ
nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd
ifj;njhopy;
Nritapid
mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. Gj;jhf;f fz;Lgpbg;gpdhy; Kd;epiyg;gLj;jpa vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpid
Jupj fjpapy; khw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ. 2020 mstpy; vkJ Vw;Wkjpfspy; Mff;Fiwe;jJ
10 rjtPjk; cau; njhopy;El;g Vw;Wkjpahff; fhzg;gLnkd ehk; vjpu;ghu;f;f KbAk;.
370. ,r;nrad; Kiwapid Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Gj;jhf;f tpiuTgLj;Jeu; xUtiu
cUthf;Ftjw;F
ehd;
Kd;nkhoptJld;
tpQ;Qhd
njhopy;El;gk;
kw;Wk;
Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;fhd xUq;fpizg;G nrayfk;> Njrpa Kd;Ndhb Muha;r;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;
kw;Wk; Njrpa tpQ;Qhdg; Nguitapd; njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;Gj; jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd;
Njrpa Gj;jhf;f epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpid xUq;fpizg;gjw;fhd
NguitahdJ Ngz;jF
epiy> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; r%f ePjp kw;Wk; Rw;whly; juhjuk; vd;gd
njspthd gzpg;Giu toq;Fk; tplaq;fshFk;.
371. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Nkw;Fwpj;j Kd;nkhopTfis tpiuT gLj;Jtjw;F
tpQ;Qhd>
njhopy;El;g
kw;Wk;
Muha;r;rp
mikr;rpd;
fPo;
Njrpa
Gj;jhf;f
epiyankhd;W>Gj;jhf;f
Jupjg;gLj;jy;
epjpankhd;iw
epu;tfpf;Fk;
tifapy;
mikf;fg;gLk;. mjw;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypaid Muk;g %yjdkhf Nkyjpfkhf xJf;fPL
nra;tNjhL NkYk; &gh 3000 kpy;ypaid 3 tUlq;fSf;Fs; toq;Ftjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
372. ,e;jg;
Gj;jhf;fq;fs;
,Wjpapy;
tu;j;jf
tpisTfshf
khw;wg;gLtjid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehk; Mu;tj;Jld; cs;Nshk;. tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;g kw;Wk;
Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;fhd
xUq;fpizg;Gr;
nrayfk;
mj;jifa
25
fUj;jpl;lq;fis
,dq;fz;Ls;sJld;
mit
tu;j;jf
uPjpapy;
ntw;wpfukhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f tptrhag; nghUs; cw;gj;jpf;fhd nfhtpned ifalf;f njhiyNgrp
nkd;nghUs; kw;Wk; rf;jp Nrkpg;G Kiwik cs;slq;fyhd rpy Gj;jhf;fq;fs;
,f;ifj;njhopy; Jiwapy; Neubj; jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJld;> epiyahd ,yf;F
JiwfSf;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ. miuthrp tup tpfpjq;fs;> cau;e;j cgfuzf;
nfhs;tdT vd;gd Jupjg;gLj;jg;gl;l Nja;Tg; ngWkhdj;jpw;F fhuzkhf ,Ue;jik
,e;jg; Gj;jhf;fq;fis gzkhf;ff;$ba VjhtJ xU fk;gdpapid gq;fhsuhf
vLj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tifapid mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L fhzp kw;Wk; Vida trjpfis toq;Ftjd; %yk; murhq;fk; ,t;thwhd
njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F trjpaspf;Fk;.
373. njhopy; Kaw;rpahz;ikf;fhd gfpuq;f Gj;jhf;f epiyaq;fshf nednry epiyaq;fis
juKau;j;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. nednry epiyaq;fs; Kg;ghpkhz mr;R
,ae;jpuq;fs;> NyrH fl;lh;fs; kw;Wk; nrJf;Fk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; jahupg;G
Ma;T$lnkhd;Wf;fhd
Vida
nkd;nghUl;fisAk;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;
tifapy;
juKau;j;jg;gLk;. vdNt 2016 ,y; njupTnra;ag;gl;l nednry epiyaq;fisj;
juKau;j;Jtjw;F &gh 100 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.
77

,t;thW juKau;j;jg;gl;l epiyaq;fs; mtw;wpdJ jfty; njhopy;El;g trjpaspf;Fk;

toikahd gzpfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf cs;ehl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpf;F Cf;fk; toq;FtJld;
rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;gpidAk; toq;Fk;.
374. ngWkjp Nru;f;fg;gl;l mjpfstpyhd jukhd Vw;Wkjpg; nghUl;fs;> ntspehLfspy;
tpahghug; ngahpidg; gjpT nra;jy; mtrpakhdjhFk;. gjpT nrad;Kiwapid
Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gjpTf; fl;lzj;ij Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ,yq;if cyf Gyikr;nrhj;J
epWtdj;jpd; ru;tNjr gzpafj;jpdhy; epWtfpf;fg;gLk; mikg;nghd;whf kl;wpl;
Kiwikapd; cWg;gpdnuhUtuhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J
Fwpj;j ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; Ntz;LNfhshf ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; tpahghu FwpaPl;L
rl;lj;jpid jpUj;Jtjd; %yk; kl;wpl; Kiwikapid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd
trjpapid
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;
ngsjPf
kw;Wk;
kdpj
tsq;fspid
juKau;j;Jtjw;fhfTk; ,yq;if Gyikr;nrhj;J mYtyfj;jpw;F &gh 100 kpy;ypaid
xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.
375. ru;tNjr Mf;f cupikapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ,dq;fhzg;gl;l fz;Lgpbg;Gfis
,dq;fhZjy; ru;tNjr Mf;f cupikfspd; ed;ikfs; njhlu;gpy; fz;Lgpbg;ghsu;fSf;F
,ilapy;
Cf;Ftpg;G
tpopg;Gzu;tpid
Cf;Ftpj;jy;
kw;Wk;
ru;tNjr
Mf;f
cupikfisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd
njhopy;El;g
xj;Jiog;G
vd;gtw;Wf;fhd
cghankhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F ,yq;if Gj;jhf;Feu; Mizf;FOtpid NkYk;
tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,e;jtifapy; fz;Lgpbg;ghsu;fspdhy;
cwg;gl;l nrytpdj;jpid Mff;$baJ I.m. nlhyu; 100>000 tiu murhq;fj;jpdhy;
nrYj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

KjpNahu; rdj;njhifapid ghJfhj;jy;

376. nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>
,yq;ifapd;
nkhj;j
rdj;njhifapy;
taJ
Kjpu;e;jtu;fspd; rdj;njhif 2000 ,y; 9.3 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJld;> 2020 ,y; 20
rjtPjkhf
,Uf;Fnkd
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
KjpNahu;
rdj;njhifahdJ
r%fj;jpw;Fk; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fk; neUf;fbfis Vw;gLj;JtJld; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
Nkyjpf Nfs;tpfisAk; kpfTk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l KjpNahu; guhkupg;G Kiw kw;Wk;
mtu;fSf;fhd epjpaspg;G kw;Wk; Nrit toq;fy; vd;gtw;iwAk; Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ.
nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>
taJ
Kjpu;e;j
,yq;ifaupd;
tsu;e;JtUk;
gd;Kfj;jd;ik kw;Wk; NritfSf;fhd toq;fy; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp vk;kplk;
njspthd epiyg;ghL fhzg;gLtjpy;iy. mj;jifa Nritfspd; tsu;e;JtUk; Nfs;tp
fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; Vida eLj;ju tUkhdk; ngWk; ehLfspd; kl;lj;Jf;F
,yq;ifapy; tNahjpgu; guhkupg;G mgptpUj;jp milatpy;iy. ,jdhy;> gpd;tUk;
Kd;nkhopTfis cs;slf;fpajhf gy;gf;f cghaq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ:
tNahjpgu;fSf;fhd
Njrpag;
Nguit
midj;J
gq;fhsu;fsplKk;
fye;Jiuahb tNahjpgu;fSf;fhd Njrpaf; nfhs;ifnahd;wpid cUthf;Fk;.
,jw;fhd jpul;L epjpaj;jpypUe;J &gh 10 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;a ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tNahjpgu; guhkupg;G njhlu;ghd cau; njhopy;
Gupeu;fs; ru;tNjr uPjpapYk; mNjNghd;W cs;ehl;bYk; mjpf Nritahw;wp
tUtjidapl;L ehd; ghuhl;Lfpd;Nwd;. me;jtifapy;> tNahjpgu; guhkupg;gpid
,yf;fhff; nfhz;L gapw;rpnewpfs; kw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis jdpahu; Jiw
78

fy;tp epWtdq;fspYk; Njrpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fspYk; Cf;Ftpj;jy;. tNahjpgu;

eyd;
njhlu;ghd
ru;tNjr
uPjpapy;
rhd;Wg;gLj;jg;gl;l
ghlnewpfis
toq;Ffpd;w jdpahu; fy;tp epWtdq;fs; Ie;J tUlq;fSf;F 50 rjtPj tup
Fiwg;G toq;fg;gLk;.
tNahjpgu;fSf;fhd tPl;Lj; Njit kpf mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk;
ehl;by;
mjw;fhd
toq;fy;
kpff;
Fiwthff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
tNahjpgu;fSf;F
gpuj;jpNafkhd
tPlikg;G
trjpfis
epu;khzpg;gjpy;
<LgLfpd;w
jdpahu;
kw;Wk;
fk;gdpfSf;F
miuthrp
tup
tpLKiw
toq;fg;gLk;.
fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpNul;l gpuirfSf;F itj;jpaf; fhg;GWjpfis
toq;Ftjpy;iynad;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpa te;jJ. ,J
vkJ r%fj;jpYs;s
xU FOtpdUf;F vjpuhd ghugl;rkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> 75 taJ
tiuf;Fkhd midj;J gpuirfSf;Fk; kUj;Jtf; fhg;GWjpfis toq;Ftjw;F
midj;Jf; fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfisAk; ehd; Ntz;bf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> 65 taJf;F Nkw;gl;l rpNul;l gpuirfs;
midtUk; Njrpa vz;zpk milahs ml;il toq;fg;gLk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpid ,ytrkhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

vkJ vjpu;fhy rpWtu;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;

377. rpWtu;fs; epiyahd Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpapd; mbj;jsq;fshFk;. tho;f;ifapd; ,sk;
gUtkhdJ jdp kdpju;fspd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ngsjPf mgptpUj;jpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Nghd;Nw r%f kw;Wk; czu;T uPjpahd mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,jidf;
ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L &gh 7>000 kpy;ypad; my;yJ 50
nrytpdj;jpy;
murhq;fk;
jw;nghOJ
rpW
guha

kpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyu;

mgptpUj;jp
njhlu;ghd

fUj;jpl;lnkhd;wpy; ifr;rhj;jpl;Ls;sJ.
378. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> $l;Lf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J rpwpa FLk;gq;fshf khwptUk;
vkJ
FLk;g
fl;likg;ghdJ
mjpfstpyhd
njhopy;GupAk;
ngw;Nwhupid
nfhz;bUg;gJld; ek;gfkhdJk; rpwe;j juj;jpyhd rpWtu; guhkupg;G fhzg;glhikahdJ
gy;NtW gpur;rpidfis Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. rpWtu;fis Kiwahfg; guhkupg;gjw;F
Njitahd
ngsjPf
cl;fl;likg;G
Fiwthff;
fhzg;gLk;
rpWtu;
guhkupg;G
epiyaq;fs;>
rpWtu;
guhkupg;Gf;F
cfe;jjhff;
fhzg;gLtjpy;iy
vd;gJld;
guhkupg;ghsu;fs; cupa njhopYf;fhd Kiwahd gapw;rpapid ngw;wpUg;gjpy;iy. Njrpa
rpWtu; guhkupg;G mjpfhu rigapdhy; xOq;FgLj;jg;glf; $ba rpWtu; guhkupg;G
epiyaq;fis Muk;gpg;gjw;F jdpahu; Jiwf;F ehd; Cf;Ftpg;G toq;Ffpd;Nwd;. vdNt>
mj;jifa nrytpdq;fis jifik ngWk; nfhLg;gdthf mDkjpg;gjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
379. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fle;j rpy khjq;fspy; khj;jpuk; rpWtu;fs; flj;jg;gl;L>
ghypay; ty;YwTf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l ,sk; rpWtu;fs; gw;wpa
kdij
cUf;Fk;
nra;jpfs;
ghJfhg;gjw;fhd murhq;fj;jpd;

gytw;wpid
ehk;
Nfs;tpAw;Nwhk;.
rpWtu;fisg;
mu;g;gzpg;gpid ehd; ,q;F Fwpg;gplhky; ,Uf;f
79

KbahJ. rpWtu; guhkupg;G njhlu;ghd ,g;gpur;rpidfis tpyf;fp Nehf;f Ntz;Lnkd

ahUk; fUj KbahJ. vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdiug; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Kd;nkhopTfs;
gpd;tUkhW:

FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtu;fspd; Njitfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd xOq;FgLj;jy;

Ntiyr; rl;lfnkhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;> rpWtu; guhkupg;G trjpfis
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk;
r%fj;jpy;
rpwe;j
guhkupg;ghsu;fis
cUthf;Fk;
Nehf;fj;JlDk;; rpWtu; fw;wy; Ntiyr;rl;lfk; kw;Wk; Njrpa rl;lk;> ju
Ntiyr;rl;lfk; vd;gtw;wpid jahupg;gjw;fhd Mizapid Njrpa rpWtu;
ghJfhg;G mjpfhu rig nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy; rpWtu; ghJfhg;G mjpfhu
rigapd; gq;fspg;G fle;j fhyq;fspy; ghupastpy; fhzg;gl;lJ vd;wtifapy;
mJ NkYk; ];jpug;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf jpul;L epjpapypUe;J &gh
100 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

vkJ
ehl;by;
jpwik
kpf;f
rpWtu;
guhkupg;ghsu;fs;
Fiwthff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,J KO r%fj;jpYk; jhf;fnkhd;wpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
rpWtu; guhkupg;ghsu;fSf;fhd rhd;Wg;gLj;jg;gl;l gapw;rpfis toq;Ftjw;F

Muk;gf; fl;lkhf ,yq;ifj; njhopy; gapw;rp mjpfhu rigf;Fk; Njrpa rpWtu;

ghJfhg;G mjpfhu rigf;Fk; &gh 50 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
380. mNj Ntisapy;> rpWtu; guhkupg;G njhlu;ghd rhd;Wg;gLj;jg;gl;l gapw;rp newpfis
toq;Fk; VNjDk; jdpahu; epWtdq;fs; ,ul;il tup ed;ik fpilg;gjw;fhd tha;g;G
Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

jghy; Nritfs;
381. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> kpd;dQ;ry;> ,izaj;js ghtidapd; fhuzkhf jghy;
NritahdJ cyfshtpa uPjpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;fp
tUfpd;wJ. ,d;W vkJ jghy; Nrit $l mt;thwhd rthy;fis vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sJ.
,e;jtifapy;> mt;thwhd rthy;fis vjpu;nfhs;tjw;F jghy; Nritapid $upau;
Nritfis toq;Fk; tpahghukhf khw;Wtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; jkJ
Nritfis ,oe;Js;s cg jghyfq;fs; mtw;wpdJ Nritfis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
epjp xj;Jiog;gpid toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. tq;fpfspd; rhu;gpy;
Nrkpg;Gfis Nrfupf;fpd;w gzpapy; <LgLtjw;Fk; mtw;wpid ,yhgk; juf;$ba
epWtdq;fshf khw;Wtjw;fhd Nkyjpf tUkhdj;jpid ngwf;$ba Nritfis
toq;FkhWk; ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

nghJ kf;fs; xOq;F kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G

382. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fpuhk kl;lj;jpy; ghJfhg;G> rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;fpid
Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifapy; rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F mikr;ru; kw;Wk; nghyp]; kh mjpgUld;
fye;jhNyhrpj;J jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; 428 nghyp]; epiyaq;fis 600 nghyp];
epiyaq;fshf mjpfupg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;tUfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf Nkyjpfkhf &gh 1>000
kpy;ypad; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gLk;.
383. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> kpf Jaukhd #o;epiyapy; vkJ nghyp]; mYtyu;fs;
gzpahw;wp tUfpd;wdu;. mtru epiyikfspd; NghJ cldbahf nraw;gLtJld; vkJ
kf;fSf;F Njitahd Vida gy;NtW NjitfisAk; mtu;fs; toq;Ffpd;wdu;.
80

mtu;fs; cs;ehl;bYk;> ntspehl;bYk; etPd thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kfhikj;Jt

Kiwik cs;slq;fyhf Kf;fpakhd Jiwfspy; njhluhd gapw;rp toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba
Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ehl;bYs;s Njrpa nghyp]; gapw;rpf; fy;Y}upapid
tYg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjw;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
384. njhiyj; njhlu;G tiyaikg;G cUthf;fkhdJ mtruj; Njitfspd; nghJ nghyp];
cldbahf
nraw;gLtjw;Fk;
murhq;f
epWtdq;fs;
kw;Wk;
kf;fSf;fpilapy;
njhlu;ghlypid
mjpfupg;gjw;Fk;
,J
mtrpakhdjhFk;.
nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F &gh 250 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;fpd;Nwd;.

,k;

Kd;nkhoptpid

385. nghyprhhpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; Nritfis vkJ murhq;fk; ed;F czu;eJ

; s;sJ vd;w
tifapy; mLj;j ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;Fs; nghyp]; Nritapy; fhzg;gLk; rk;gs
Kuz;ghLfis ePf;Ftjw;F eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf 50 rjtPjkhd epYitf;
nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhf
&gh
3>000
kpy;ypaid
xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;F
ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
386. NkYk;> rpwe;j epjp eilKiwfis Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; midj;J nghyp];
epiyaq;fSk; jdpahd nrytpd epiyankhd;wpid nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

mur cilik njhopy; Kaw;rpfs;

387. mur cilik njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; ehl;bd; Kf;fpa Jiwfshd kpd;rhuk;> vupnghUs;>
JiwKfq;fs; kw;Wk; tpkhd epiyak; tpkhd Nritfs; kw;Wk; ePu; toq;fs;
Mfpatw;wpy; jdp cupikahfNth my;yJ xU Fwpg;gpLk; gbahd fl;Lg;ghl;ilNah
nfhz;Ls;sjd; fhuzkhf mur nghUshjhu cghaq;fspy; xu Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gq;fpidf;
nfhz;Ls;sd. tUthia mjpfhpf;Fk; topahd ve;j xU mur njhopy; Kaw;rpAk;
jdpahh; kag;gLj;jg;gl khl;lhJ vd murhq;fk; kPs typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jw;F
khw;wkhf mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfis cWjpg;gLj;jTk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpukhf ,aq;ff;$ba
tifapyhd
cghakhd
mDFKiwfis
gpd;gw;Wtjpy;
murhq;fk;
ftdk;
nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.
388. Kjypy; midj;J mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfSk; murhq;fj;jpw;F cupikahd xU $l;Lf;
fk;gdpapd; Kfhikapd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;gLk;. mJ rpq;fg;G+h; njkhnrf; $l;Lf;
fk;gdpfis xj;jjhFk;. ,g;nghJf; fk;gdpahdJ rpwe;j epjpapay; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk;
re;ij nghUshjhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk;. ,j; njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd;
gq;FfshdJ nghJr; nrhj;J epjpaj;jpw;F khw;wg;gLk;. jpiwNrupapd; nrayhsh; kw;Wk;
kj;jpa tq;fp MSeh; MfpNahh; ghJfhtyuhf ,Ug;gh;. ,e;epjpakhdJ xU ,af;Fdh;
rigapdhy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk;. ,t; ,af;Fdh; rigahdJ murpay; mikg;G
rigapdhy;
epakpf;fg;gLk;.
rptpy;
r%fk;
th;j;jf
rk;Nksdq;fs;
kw;Wk;
njhopw;rq;fq;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,g; nghJr; nrhj;J
epjpakhdJ ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F tif$wy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J mKYf;F tUk; tifapy;
GjpanjhU mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; rl;lkhf;fg;gLk;.
389. mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; ,af;Feh; rigahdJ njhopy; ty;Ydh;fis epakpg;gjd;
%yk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. Kf;fpakhd mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; Rje;jpukhf nraw;gl
,lkspg;gNjhL

mitfs;

Kf;fpakhd

nrayhw;Wif

Rl;bfspDhlhf

(KPI)

fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;. Kf;fpakhd mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; jug;gLj;jy; Kiwikfis

81

gpd;gw;Wtjw;F Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; jkf;Fkj; Njitahd %yjdq;fis

gy;NtWgl;l epjp %yq;fspDhlhf cs;Sh; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L %yjdr; re;ijfspy;
,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; re;jh;g;gj;ij mspf;Fk;.
390. Ra ek;gpf;ifAs;s mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; rpwg;ghd
xOq;Fg;gLj;jy; nghwpKiw kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,yq;if nghJ trjpfs;
Mizf;FOtpd;
mjpfhuq;fis
tpupT
gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
kw;Wk;
mtw;iw
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtrpakhd rl;lthf;fq;fis ,aw;wp Njrpa ePu; toq;fy;
tbfhyikg;G rig kw;Wk; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; Mfpatw;iwAk;
nfhz;LtUtjDhlhf ,e;epWtdq;fs; fpuaj;ij gpujpgspf;ff;$ba ntspg;gilahd
tpiyaply; nghwpKiwapid iff;nfhs;s KbAk;.
391. mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; njhlh;ghd murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;ifahdJ
mtw;wpd;
KjyPLfs; nghUshjhuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cgha mikitf; nfhz;L topelhj;jg;gLk;.
murhq;fj;jpd; KjyPl;L gl;bayhdJ Kf;fpakhd cghakhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfshd
kpd;rhu cw;gj;jp, khw;wy;> JiwKfq;fs;> ePu; toq;fy; Nghd;wtw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
gpujhd mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; khj;jpuky;yhky; cghakw;w N`hl;ly;fs;,
itj;jparhiyfs; Nghd;wtw;wpYk; KjyPL nra;Js;sJ. nfsut gpujk mikr;rh;
mth;fs; ,r;rigapy; $wpaijg; Nghd;W cghakw;w Jiwfshd tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
yq;fh n`h];gpl;ly; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l n`hl;ly; mgptpUj;jpf; fk;gdp (nfhOk;G
`py;ld;) `ahl; tjptplk; Nthl;lu;]; vl;[]; fpuhz;l; xupad;ly; N`hl;ly; nrypq;Nfh
n`h];gpl;ly; kw;wk; nkhgpl;ly; epWtdq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; mur KjyPLfspy;
gbg;gbahf KOikahfNth my;yJ ghjpastpNyh tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. 2016 Mk; Mz;by;
nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijapy; gl;bayplg;gl;L ,g;gl;bayply; %yk; cUthf;fg;gLk;
gzkhdJ fle;j uh[gf;~ murhq;fj;jpdhy; cah; fpuaj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l
fld;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLgLtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,t; murhq;fj;jpd; cghakhdJ
xUgf;f rhh;ghdjy;y vd;gij typAWj;j tpUk;GfpNwd;.
MfNt murhq;fkhd ,t;
cghakw;w nrhj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLgLtjw;F gpd;epw;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. mNjNghy;
murhq;fkhdJ re;ijia mtjhdpj;J ehl;bd; nghUshjhu nfhs;ifAld; xj;Jg;
NghFk; cghafukhd cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fspy; KjyPL nra;tjw;Fk;
gpd;epw;gjpy;iy.
392. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs yq;fh rNjhr epWtdkhdJ re;ijapy; tpiyfisg;
NgZtjw;fhd rpwg;ghdnjhU epWtdkhFk;. MapDk; mJ ,d;W &gh 8 gpy;ypad;fis
jpuz;l el;lj;Jld; nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;Fg; gpujhd fhuzk;
tq;fhsNjrpy; ,Ue;J xU fpNyh &gh 75 gb ,wf;Fkjp nra;J &gh 50 ,w;Fg;
tpw;gid nra;jJ Nghd;w tpNtfkw;w murpay; jPu;khhzq;fsht; Vw;gl;ljhFk;. yq;fh
rnjhr MdJ nghJ kf;fspd; tho;ifr; nryitf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd xU Fohahf
gad;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. yq;fh rnjhr epWtdj;ij kPs; fl;bnaOg;Gk; Kaw;rpapd;
Kjw; fl;lkhf mjd; fld;fs; kPs; xOq;FgLj;jg;gLk;. mNjNtis> gq;fPl;L
tiyaikg;ghdJ tp];jupf;fg;gl;L tpw;gid epiyaq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia 500 Mf
mjpfupg;gjw;fhf &gh 1000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
393. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs mjp Ntfg;ghij kw;Wk; fl;Lehaf;f mjpNtfg; ghij
vd;gtw;wpw;F xU tpNrl Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd epWtdk; cUthf;f Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;
tpNrl Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd epWtdj;jpy; (SPV) jdpahh; Jiwapdh; KjyPL nra;tjw;fhf
miof;fg;gLth;. mth;fspd; KjyPLfSf;fhd Fiwe;j gl;r jpUk;gYf;F murhq;fk;
82

cj;juthjk; mspf;Fk;. ,k;KjyPl;bD}lhf cUthf;fg;gLk; epjpahdJ ehL ngw;Ws;s

fld;fspypUe;J tpLgLtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
394. Eiur;Nriy epyf;fhp kpd; epiyaj;jpidAk; gq;F re;ijf;F nfhz;Ltuf;$ba
tifapy; xU tpNrl Nehf;fj;Jf;fhd epWtdk; cUthf;fg;gLk;. ehd; typAWj;JtJ
vd;dntd;why; ,k; kpd;epiyaj;jpd; chpikapy; vt;tpj khw;wKk; Vw;gl khl;lhJ.
Mdhy; ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigapd; jputj;jd;ikahdJ NkYk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.
mjd;%yk; mjdJ eltbf;iffis tpupthf;fk; nra;aTk; KbAk;.
395. ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdkhdJ Vida ,uz;L jdpahh; jhgdq;fspdJk;
xj;Jiog;Gld; jw;NghJ Fiw gad;ghl;by; cs;s jpUNfhzkiy vz;nza; jhq;fp
gz;izia Kfhik nra;tjw;F xU fk;gdp cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,t;trjpahdJ
gpizf;fg;gl;l Rq;f fsQ;rpaq;fshf nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;.
396. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp kw;Wk; nfsut gpujku; MfpNahhpd;
mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F mikthf mur njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; ,af;Feh; rig mq;fj;jth;fs;
kw;Wk; jiyth;fs; rk;gsq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdTfs; tiuaWf;fg;gLk;. ,J njhlu;gpy;
,jw;F Kd;du; toq;fg;gl;l mwpTUj;jy;fs; kPwg;gl;Ls;sd. vt;thwhapDk; 2016 rdtup
1 Me; jpfjp jpiwNrupapdhy; ntspaplg;gLk; xOq;Ftpjpfs; fl;lhak; gpd;gw;wg;gLjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
tpkhd Nritj;Jiw
397. murhq;fkhdJ rfha nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;wp vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghLfSkw;w tpkhdg;
Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritf;fhd jpwe;j Mfhaf; nfhs;ifia Kd;dpWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jd;%yk;
ru;tNjr tpkhd Nritfs; ,yq;ifia xU tpUg;Gj;jskhff; nfhs;SkhW miog;G
tpLf;fpd;Nwd;.
398. cs;@h; tpkhd Nritfis cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf jpfd> gJis kw;Wk; Gj;jsk;
Mfpa ,lq;fspy; %d;W cs;@h; tpkhd epiyaq;fis mur jdpahh; gq;Flikahf
cUthf;fg;gLk;.
399. nfsut
rghehafu;
mth;fNs>
Mgphpf;fhTf;Fk;
fpof;fhrpahTf;Fk;
,ilapy;
Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. ,J ,d;Dk; 10 tUl
fhyj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd mstpy; tsu;r;rpailAk;. MfNt ,yq;if Rw;Wyh
Nkk;gLj;jy; gzpafk; rh;tNjr tpkhd NritfSld; ,ize;J ,g;gpuahzpfs; fpof;fpy;
,Ue;J Nkw;fpw;F gazpf;Fk; NghJ ,yq;ifapy; jupj;J nry;yf;$ba tifapy;
mth;fisf; ftUtjw;fhd cghaq;fis cUthf;FkhW ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
400. cs;@h; Rw;Wyhj;Jiwia Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy;> cs;@h; tpkhd epiyaq;fis
gad;gLj;Jk; tpkhd NritfSf;F ruf;Ffs; kw;Wk; gpuahzpfs; ifahy;if fl;lzk;
kw;Wk; Vida fl;lzq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fspf;f Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mth;fs;
tUlhe;jk; &gh 1.5 kpy;ypad; mDkjpg;gj;jpuf; fl;lzj;ij nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
401. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> 2016 Mk; Mz;bd; rdthp 1 Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J th;j;jf
tpkhdq;fs; kPjhd Nkyjpf Nritfs; mwtPLfis 20 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpg;gjw;F
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
=yq;fd; tpkhd Nrit
402. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> vkpNul;]; ,lkpUe;J =yq;fd; tpkhd Nritapd;
Kfhikj;JtkhdJ kPz;Lk; ifNaw;fg;gl;l gpd;G mJ kpfTk; Nkhrkhd Kiwapy;
Kfhik nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; jw;Nghija fld;fshdJ &gh 158 gpy;ypad;fshf
83

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; 72 rjtPjk; fle;j Ml;rpapy; ,Wjp %d;W Mz;Lfspy;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhFk;.
,J
gpujhdkhf
Coy;
FLk;g
Mjpf;fk;
kw;Wk;
fPo;kl;lj;jpyhd
Kfhik
vd;gtw;wpdhy;
Vw;gl;ljhFk;.
,J
ehl;bd;
tup
nrYj;Jdu;fSf;F nra;Ak; mePjpahFk;. kw;Wk; mth;fis juf;Fiwthf fUJtJkhFk;.
,f;fld;fspd; %yk; 45>000 g]; tz;bfSf;F 25 rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz;l
gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> 40 rfy trjpfSld; $ba itj;jpa rhiyfs; kw;Wk; 48>000 Gjpa
tPLfisf; fl;Ltjw;F epjpaPl;lk; nra;jpUf;fyhk;. Jujph;~;ltrkhf =yq;fd; tpkhd
Nritapd; kPnsOr;rp nra;Ak; Kiwfs; kpf ke;jfjpapNy ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ.
403. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> =yq;fd; tpkhd Nritia kWrPuikg;G

nra;J

njhopy;td;ik nfhz;l cs;Sh; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L epGzu;fisf; nfhz;L Kfhik

nra;ag;gl;L ,yhgfukhd nray; ,lq;fSld; gpuhe;jpa tpkhd Nritahf kPs;
,izf;fg;gLk;.
404. =yq;fd; tpkhd Nritapy; vt;tpjkhd murpay; jiyaPLfSk; ,Uf;fhnjd;W ehd;
,g;ghUSkd;wj;jpw;F cWjpaspf;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;epWtdj;ij ehq;fs; ntw;wpfukhf ,yhgk;
ciof;Fk;
kw;Wk;
gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;
Kd;khjphpahd
Njrpa
tpkhd
Nritahf
khw;wpaikg;Nghk;.
murhq;fk; kWrPuikg;G eltbf;iffspy; KO mu;g;gzpg;Gld;
nraw;gLtNjhL midj;J nghWg;Gf;fisAk; ,ja Rj;jpNahL epiwNtw;Wk;.
405. ruf;Ffs; kw;Wk; gpuahzpfs; ifahy;if kw;Wk; czT toq;fy; nraw;ghLfs;
ntt;Ntwhf fk;gdpfshf ,af;fg; ngw;W midj;J tpkhd NritfSf;Fk; Nritfis
toq;Fk;.
kp`pd; yq;fh
406. kp`pd; yq;fh tpkhd NritahdJ fle;j Ml;rpahsu;fspd; ,d;DnkhU epidTr;
rpd;dkhFk;. NkYk; mJ mur jpiwNrhpia cwpQ;rpf; Fbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
ehq;fs; Vw;fdNt kPs; fl;likg;G jpl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;Js;Nshk;. kp`pd; yq;fhthdJ
RUf;fw;w Fiw fl;lz tpkhd Nritahf epiygLj;jg;gLk;. kp`pd; tpkhd
NritahdJ gpujhdkhf jdJ Njitfis cs;@h; topfspy; Nkw;nfhs;tNjhL njupT
nra;ag;gl;l rh;tNjr topfSf;F khj;jpuk; jdJ nraw;ghl;il kl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;.
kj;jis tpkhd epiyak;
407. kj;jis tpkhd epiyakhdJ fle;j murhq;fj;jpdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l xU mehtrpa
Kaw;rpahFk;. ,t; tpkhd epiyaj;ij eph;khzpg;gjw;fhf ngw;Wf;nfhz;l fldpd;
fhuzkhf ehlhdJ fld; neWf;fb epiyf;F js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. kj;jis tpkhd
epiyaj;jpy; mur jdpahh; gq;Flikapd; fPo; kPnsOr;rp nra;tjpy; murhq;fk; ftdk;
nrYj;jpAs;sJ. ,jd; fPo; tpkhd epiyakhdJ tpkhd Xl;Leh; gapw;rp tpkhd ruf;F
fsQ;rpak; kw;Wk; ruf;Ffs; ,lk; efu;jj
; y; Nritfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
408. kj;jis tpkhd epiyaj;ij tpkhdr; ruf;Ffs; ifahy;if kj;jpa epiyakhf
gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,e;eltbf;iffis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Kfkhf
xU fp.fpuhKf;F 4 rj
I.m. nlhyh;fis epiyahd fl;lzkhf mwtpLtjw;F
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
409. kj;jis tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; jdpahh; Jiwapdh; tpkhd Xl;Leh; gapw;rpf; fy;Y}hp
kw;Wk; tpkhd guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; gq;Fghh;j;jy; trjpfis jdpahh; Jiwapdh;
cUthf;Ftij Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
84

tpidj;jpwdhd r%fg; ghJfhg;G tiyaikg;G

410. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> gy;NtW fhuzq;fspdhy; r%fj;jpy; kpfTk; gytPdkhd
epiyapy; fhzg;gLk; mq;fj;jtu;fis ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ,t; murhq;fkhdJ ehl;by;
xU
cWjpahd
r%fg;
ghJfhg;G
kw;Wk;
tiygpd;dy;
nghwpKiwia
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; jplrq;fw;gk; g+z;Ls;sJ. Fbj;njhFjpfSld; njhlHGgl;l mur
khdpaq;fshdJ vg;NghJk; mjpfupj;Jr; nrd;Ws;sJ. 2015 Mk; Mz;by; tuT
nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; &gh 383 gpy;ypad;fshf fhzg;gl;l khdpaq;fs; 2016 Mk; Mz;by;
&gh 420 gpy;ypad;fshf mjpfhpg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f;Fbj; njhFjpfSld;
njhlHGgl;l khw;wy;fshtJ rKh;j;jp> cukhdpak;> Xa;t+jpak; Mfpa r%fg; ghJfhg;G
KiwikfisAk; cs;slf;fpajhFk;. gadhspfis milahsk; fhzg;gLtjpYs;s
xOq;fw;w jd;ik ,r;r%fg; ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lq;fspy; KiwNfLfs; mjpfhpg;gjw;F
fhuzkhf cs;sNjhL gadhspfs; vz;zpf;ifia kl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf
cs;sJ.
411. ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis kPsha;T nra;tjw;fhd rhpahd Neuk; ,JthFk; vd ehd;
ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> r%fg; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy;
fhzg;gLk; ,uz;L Kf;fpa rpf;fy;fs; ahnjdpy; nghUj;jkhd gadhspfis
milahsk;
fhzy;
kw;Wk;
jilfsw;w
Kiwapy;
ed;ikfs;
gadhspfisr;
nrd;wiltjhFk;. ,t;tpuz;ilAk; r%f eyr; rl;lj;jpw;Fs; jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
,g;nghwpKiwia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; vkJ r%fg; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy;
cs;thq;fg;glf;$ba cz;ikahd gq;fhspfis murhq;fk; milahsk; fhz;gjw;fhf
r%f tiyaikg;G nghwpKiwf;Fs; fpuhk Nrtfh;fSld; rpNul;l gpuirfs; fpuhk
Kf;fpa];jh;fisAk; cs;slq;fr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. midj;Jf; nfhLg;gdTfspYk;
ehl;bd; vy;yhg; gFjpfspYk; fpisfs; tiygpd;dy; trjpfs; nfhz;L tq;fp Kiwapd;
Clhf
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,k;KiwahdJ
Xustpyhd
ntspg;gilahd KiwikahFk;. ,J eyd;fs; vt;tpjj; jilaPLfs;> ifahly;fs;
kw;Wk; Coyw;w Kiwapy; gadhspfSf;F fpilf;fr; nra;tij cWjpnra;Ak;.
412. vkJ murhq;fj;jpd; ek;gpf;if vd;dntd;why; midj;J R%fg; ghJfhg;G epfor;rpj;
jpl;lq;fSk; cs;ehl;L mYty;fs; mikr;rpd; fPo; xU epWtdj;jpdhy; fz;fhzpg;Gr;
nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
413. ,r;nrad;Kiwapd; Clhf vkJ r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cz;ikahd eype;jth;fSf;F
NkYk; eyd;fis ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F toptFg;gNjhL kuG hPjpahf gytPdh;fshf
fUjg;gLk; mq;ff; FiwghL> RftPdk;> fy;tpf;fhd MjuT kw;Wk; KjpNahh; eyd;
nfhLg;gdT Nghd;wtw;Wf;F Nkyjpfkhf vkJ r%fg; ghJfhg;G tiyaikg;gpy; Gjpa
fhuzq;fshy; Njhd;Wk; mjhtJ njhopy;fis ,oe;jth;fisAk; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F
tha;g;G mspf;fg;gLk;.
mur epjp
414. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> midj;J mur nfhs;tdTfs; njhlh;ghfTk; fLikahd
xOq;Ftpjpfs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. nfsut gpujkhpdhy; ,r;rigapy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nfhs;ifg; gpuflzj;jpd; gb kj;jpa ngWiffs; nrayfk; cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,J
midj;J Nfs;tp kD mspg;Gf;fisAk; Nkw;ghh;it nra;tNjhL Fwpg;gpl;l ngWkjpf;F
Nkyhd midj;J nfhs;tdTfisAk; ifahYk;.
415. fle;j rpy tUlq;fshf gy fUj;jpl;lq;fs; ntspg;gilahd kw;wk; jpwe;j Nghl;b
mbg;gilapyhd ngWif nrad;Kiwf;F khw;wkhf miof;fg;glhj Kd;nkhopTfshfNt
85

mKy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;epiy fhuzkhf murhq;fkhdJ rpy fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F

mjp$ba fl;lzq;fis nrYj;jNtz;b Vw;gl;lJ. murhq;f tpiy kDf;fSf;F
tpz;zg;gpg;gJ
njhlh;ghf
jdpahh;
fk;gdpfs;
kw;Wk;
xg;ge;jf;fhuh;fis
mwpt+l;Ltjw;fhf xU FO mikf;fg;gLk;.
416. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> ehd; kPz;Lk; $w tpUk;GtJ vd;dntd;why; jpiwNrhp
nrayhsUf;F KOikahfNth my;yJ ghhpastpy; chpj;jhd ve;jNthU fk;gdpAk;
my;yJ mur njhopy;Kaw;rpAk; jpiwNrhp nrayhshpd; vOj;jpyhd mDkjpapd;wp
Jizf; fk;gdpfspy; kw;Wk; ,ize;j fk;gdpfspy; KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ.
mNjNghy; ve;jnthU mikr;Rk; my;yJ jpizf;fsKk; jpiwNrhpapd; nrayhshpdhy;
vOj;jpyhd mDkjpapd;wp ve;jnthU fk;gdpapYk; KjyPL nra;a KbahJ.
417. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> tpiy kDf;Nfhuy; eltbf;if njhlh;ghd fl;lzq;fspy;
khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
418. mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; jpizf;fsq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; gpj;jis nrg;G kw;Wk; ,Uk;G
kw;Wk; ghtpf;fg;glhj midj;J nghUl;fSk; ntspg;gilahd tpiykDf;Nfhuy;
my;yJ Vykply; %yk; tpw;gid nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
419. gy;NtWgl;l murhq;f epWtdq;fspdhYk; tpjpf;fg;gLk; gy;NtWgl;ll fl;lzq;fs;
kw;Wk; mwtPLfis xt;nthU %d;W tUlj;jpw;F xUKiw kPsha;T nra;AkhW
midj;J
gpujhd
fzf;fPlL
;
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;
kw;Wk;
fzf;fPlL
;
cj;jpNahfj;jh;fisAk;
nghJj;Jiw
epWtdq;fspYs;s
tUkhdf;
fzf;fPl;L
mjpfhupfisAk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
420. nfsut
rghehafu;
mth;fNs>
murhq;
nrhj;Jf;fshdJ
Kiwahf
Kfhik
nra;ag;gLtjpy;iy. MfNt mur epjpj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; xU Njrpa nrhj;Jf;fs;
,lhg;G xd;iw NgZtjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
421. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> tuT nryTj;jpl;l mKy;gLj;jyhdJ Nkk;gLj;jg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. 2016 Mk; Mz;L rdthpapy; ,Ue;J midj;J mikr;Rf;fSk; tuT
nryTj;jpl;l mKyhf;fiy fz;fhzpf;Fk; gb Ntz;bf; nfhs;tNjhL xJf;fPl;Lf;F
Nkyjpfkhf vt;tpj mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhJ vd;gij cWjp nra;J
xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU &ghtpy; ,Ue;J kf;fSf;F mjpfgl;r ed;ikia ngw;Wf;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
422. nfsut rghehafu;; mth;fNs> murpiw Kfhikj;Jt (nghWg;Gr;) rl;lj;jpd; fPo;
cj;juthj tiuaiwfis eilKiwapYs;s 7 rjtPj nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapid 10
rjtPkjhf mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;> 50 rjtPjj;jpw;F Fiwthd murhq;fg; gq;Flikapidf;
nfhz;l murhq;f jdpahu; gq;FlikfSf;F cj;juthjq;fis toq;Ftjw;F KbAkhf
,Uf;Fk;. fl;lz mbg;gilapy; jpiwNrup cj;juthjq;fis toq;Ftjw;F KbAkhd
tifapy; ,jw;fhd xOq;Ftpjpfs; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;.
jpiwNrhp nraw;ghLfis Nkk;gLj;jy;
423. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehl;bd; tUkhdj;jpid mjpfhpg;gjpy; ehq;fs;
mh;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gLfpd;Nwhk;. Rq;fk;> fyhy;> cs;ehl;L ,iwthp kw;Wk; tpiykjpg;G
midj;J tUkhdj;Jld; njhlh;G tplaq;fisAk; ghprPyid nra;tjw;fhf jpiwNrhpapy;
tUkhd tpidj; jpwd; kw;Wk; ghprPyid mynfhd;iw ];jhgpg;Nghk;.
424. cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fskhdJ> jw;NghJs;s fl;llj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. ,lg;
gw;whf;Fiw fhuzkhf jdJ eltbf;iffis tphpthf;fp nraw;gLtjhy; gy
rpf;fy;fis vjph;Nehf;fpAs;sJ. mjid epth;j;jp nra;AKfkhf ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsk;
86

fyhy; jpizf;fsk;> jghy; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; Njrpanyhj;jh; rig vd;gtw;iw xNu

$iuapd; fPo; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf Xh; etPdkakhd fl;llk; jpUg;Nghyp re;ijapy;
eph;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,e;Nehf;fj;Jf;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
425. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> murpayikg;gpd; 148 MtJ cWg;Giuapd; gb mur epjp
njhlh;ghd g+uz mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Nf chpajhFk;. gy mur jpuz;l epjpf;F
ntspNa mikr;rh;fs; / jpizf;fsq;fs; kw;Wk; murnjhopy; Kaw;rpfs; gy epajpr;
rl;lky;yh
epjpfis
cUthf;fp
mit
jdpg;gl;l
epWtdq;fspy;
nra;ag;gLtNjhL>
mtw;wpd;
nfhLg;gdTfs;
kw;Wk;
ngWtdTfs;
ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghLk; ,y;iy.
426. midj;J mur epjpfSk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; cs;sJ
Vw;fdNt cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s elgb Kiwfspd; fPo; cWjpg;gLj;JKfkhf
epajpr; rl;lky;yh epjpfisAk; kPsha;T nra;tjw;F Kd; nkhoptNjhL>
epjpfspy; nkhj;jkhf &gh 80 gpy;ypad;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thwhd

Kfhik
njhlh;ghf
vd;gij
midj;J
,j;jifa
kPsha;tpd;

%yk; eilKiwr; r+o;epiyapy; ,j;jifa epjpfspd; ,Ug;G mtrpakh vd;gij mwpe;J

nfhs;syhk;. NkYk;> mt;thwhd epjpfspd; ,Ug;ghdJ ,d;wpaikahjJ vdf;
fhzg;gbd; me;epjpfs; jw;Nghija mtrpak; gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; epajpr; rl;lk;
khw;wg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk;> midj;J epjpfspdJk; ngWtdTfs; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdTfs;
ghuhSkd;wf; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;Ltug;gLk;.
427. nfsutrghehafh; mth;fNs> 2014 brk;gh; khjk; 31 Mk; jpfjp tiu gy tUlq;fshf
gy;tifahd
nghUl;fis
nfhs;tdT
nra;tjw;fhfTk;>
Nritfis
ngw;Wf;
nfhz;ljw;fhfTk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba kPjpfs; kw;Wk; jPhf
; f
; g;glhj Kd;itg;Gf;fs;.
,itfs; 2011 Mk; Mz;L Nghd;w Kd;ida fhyg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J murhq;f
epWtdq;fspdhy; rpwpa mstpyhd eph;khzq;fisAk;> kw;Wk; ghhpa mstpyhd
eph;khzq;fisAk;> nfhz;l cl;fl;likg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd nfhLg;gdTfshff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa nrYj;jg;gl gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba kPjpfspd;
cz;ikj; jd;ikia cWjp nra;AKfkhf Xa;T ngw;w mikr;Rf;fSf;fhd
nrayhsh;fisf; nfhz;lFOnthd;iwcUthf;fmjd; %yk; epYitahfTs;s xg;ge;j
mh;gg
; zpg;Gf;fs; njhlh;ghd ghpe;Jiufis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F epakpf;f Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
428. gy fhuzq;fSf;fhf ntspehl;L epjpfspd; gad;ghlhdJ kpfTk; gpd j
; s;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nra;Kiw g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLtjw;F 5 - 6 khjq;fs; vLf;fpd;wd. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; epjp
mikr;Rf;F NkYk; rl;l hPjpahd cWjpg;ghl;ilngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; Kfkhf rl;lkh
mjpgh; jpizf;fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J %d;W mjpfhhpfis epjp mikr;Rf;F tpLtpf;FkhWk;
rl;lkh mjpghplk; nfsutkhff; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
429. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;ifapy; mur

Jiw

epjp

KiwikahdJ

njhlh;r;rpahf
rpf;fyhd
tplakhf
khwptUfpd;wJ.
mur
epjp
KfhikahdJ
murhq;fj;jpd; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd Kd;Dhpikahf khwp tUfpd;wJ. mur epjpj; Jiw
mjpfhhpfSf;F mtrpakhd Kaw;rpfis mspg;gjw;fhd xU njhopy; hPjpahd epWtdk;
fhzg;glhik xU FiwghlhFk;. ,d;W tiu vkJ ehl;by; mur epjp Kfhikj;Jtk;
njhlh;ghf njhopy;rhh; jifikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F xU rhpahd nghwpKiw
fhzg;glhikahdJ kpf Kf;fpakhd xU FiwghlhFk;. ,jd; tpisthf mur Jiw
epjp Kfhik mjpfhhpfs; jkJ njhopy; hPjpahd jifikfis jdpahh; Jiw epjp
87

Kfhikahsh;fSf;F
gapw;rpaspf;Fk;
cah;
njhopy;fy;tp
epWtdq;fspNy
ngwNtz;bAs;sJ.
430. ,g;gpd;dzpapy;> mur Jiwf; fzf;fhsh;fspd; njhopy;; hPjpahd jifikfis ngw;Wf;
nfhLf;ff; $ba fy;tp epWtfnkhd;iw epjp mikr;rpd; fPo; cUthf;Ftjw;F &gh 50
kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
431. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> jpiwNrhpapd; eltbf;iffs; jw;NghJ tphpthf;fk;
mile;Js;sJ. mjdhy;> tpidj; jpwdhd gq;fspg;Gf;fis nra;tjw;F tpNrl
jpizf;fsq;fs;
eltbf;iffis

mtrpakhfpd;wJ. MfNt> ehq;fs; jpiwNrhpapy; %yjdr; re;ij

top elhj;Jtjw;Fk;> jdpahh; Jiwkw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpw;fpilapy;

njhlh;gpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhfTk; ,uz;L jpizf;fsq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLk;.

432. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ehl;bw;F nghUj;jkhd ,l Kfhikj;Jtf;
nfhs;if xd;W vk;kplk; ,y;iy. Mjyhy;> nghJj; Jiw Nrit toq;fyhdJ. nghpJk;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mfNt>
murhq;f
fhhpahyaq;fspy;
rpwg;ghd
,l
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid
cWjpg;gLj;Jk;
Kfkhf
,l
Kfhikj;Jt
myfpid
cUthf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
nghJ eph;thfk;
433. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,t;turhq;fkhdJ> ehl;bd; murhq;f Copah;fs; Rje;jpuk;
kw;Wk; nfsutk; Mfpatw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F cWjp mspf;fpd;wJ. xU
Rje;jpukhd mur Nrit Mizf; FOnthd;W epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. murpay;
kakhf;fg;gl;l mur Jiw vd;gJ ,we;j fhytplakhFk;.
434. ,yq;if tuyhw;wpy; mur Copah;fSf;F mjp $ba rk;gs mjpfhpg;ghd 10>000 &ghit
toq;Ftjhf cWjp mspj;jpUe;Njhk;. mNj Nghy ehq;fs; mt;TWjpnkhopia
epiwNtw;wpNdhk;. ,J murCopah;fs; jkJ Nritfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhd
NeukhFk;. vkJ kf;fspd; vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; epiwNtw;wg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ehd; ftiyAld;
$wpf; nfhs;s tpUk;GtJ vd;dntd;why;> mur Jiw Nrit toq;fyhdJ> fPo;
kl;lj;jpNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J rPh; nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. cw;gj;jpj; jpwdhdJ
njhlh;e;Jk; rpf;fyhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ ehl;bd; KO nkhj;j nghUshjhu
tsh;r;rpiaAk; ghjpj;Js;sJ. cj;Ntfkhf nrayhw;wf; $ba mur gzpj; JiwNa
vg;NghJk; vjph;fhy nraw;ghlhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
435. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;>
Nkyjpf Mszpapdiuf; nfhz;l epWtdq;fspy; ,Ue;J
Copah;fis ngw;W xU mur Copah; FOkk; xd;iw cUthf;fp Copah;fs; FOkk;
xd;iw cUthf;fp Copah;fs; gw;whf;Fiwahd epWtdq;fSf;F tpLtpf;fgg;gLth;.
436. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> murhq;fkhdJ thfdq;fis nfhs;tdT nra;jy; kw;Wk;
guhkhpj;jYf;F ngUksT gzj;ij nryT nra;fpd;wJ. MfNt thfdq;fs; nfhs;tdT
nra;tjw;F gjpyhf nraw;ghl;L Fj;jif mbg;gilapy; thfdq;fis ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd; NghJ Fj;jifapy; guhkhpg;Gr; nryT> fhg;GWjp>
fl;lzk; kw;Wk; thfdk; njhlh;ghd Vida fl;lzq;fisAk; mtNu nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
vt;thwhapDk;> jdJ nrhe;j thfdj;ij ghtpf;f tpUk;Gk; mur Copah;fSf;F mjp
$ba nfhLg;gdthf vhpnghUs; nfhLg;gdtpw;F Nkyjpfkhf khjhe;jk; &gh 50>000
ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j Gjpa KiwahdJ tUlhe;jk; &gh 10>000 kpy;ypaid
Nrkpf;f cjTk;.
437. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mur Jiw Nrit toq;fyhdJ vt;tpj gaidAk;
jUtjhf ,y;iy. mur epWtdq;fSf;FtUk; fbjq;fs; gjpy; mspf;fg;glhky; gy
88

khjq;fshf fplf;fpd;wd. MfNt> fpilf;fg; ngw;w fbjq;fSf;F 5 Ntiyehl;fSf;Fs;

njhpag;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J nghJ eph;thf kw;Wk; nghJ Kfhikj;Jt mikr;rpdhy;
fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.
438. ntspehLfspy;
fhzg;gLk;
vkJ
J}juhyaq;fs;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
,j;J}juhyaq;fs; Nritnra;Ak; Copah;fSf;F tphpthd gapw;rpfis ngw;Wf;
nfhLg;gjw;F
Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
mNj
Nghy
J}Jth;
Nrit
mjpfhhpfs;
Foe;ijfSf;F fy;tp fw;gpg;gjw;fhd nrytpy; 75 rjtPjj;ij murhq;fk; nghWg;Ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tNjhL> 25 rjtPjj;ij Copah;fs; jhq;fpf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. KjyhtJ
Foe;ijapd; ,uz;lhk; epiyf; fy;tpf;fhd KOr;nrytpidAk; ,uz;lhtJ Foe;ijapy;
,Ue;J 80 rjtPjj;ij murhq;fk; nghWg;Ngw;gjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf &gh
150 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;fpd;Nwd;.
439. mur Jiw gjtpazpahdJ etPd cyfpy; Kd; itf;fg;gLk; gy rthy;fis Kfk;
nfhLg;gjw;Fj; jahh; ,y;iy vd;gjid ehd; fhz;fpd;Nwd;. MfNt> mur Jiw
gjtpazpahdJ xt;nthU 5 tUl fhyg;gFjpapy; kPsha;T nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJ vkJ murhq;fj;jpd; fUj;jhFk;.
440. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Nkhl;lhul;irf;fpy;fis nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhf
Kw;gzk; nrYj;jpa midj;J mur Copau;fSf;Fk; mit ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;
vd;gjid ehd; njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
441. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> [_iy Ntiy gfp~;fhpg;ghsh;fSf;F
nfhLg;gdthf &gh 250>000 I toq;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
ePjpj;Jiw
442. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ePjp kd;wq;fs;
tof;Ffspdhy; epuk;gp topfpd;wd. ,e;epiyikahdJ

xU

Kiwf;

gy tUlq;fshf fhzg;gLk;
midj;J ePjp kd;wq;fspYk;

fhzg;gLtNjhL> jPh;g;GfSk; fhyjhkjkhfpd;wd. fhyjhkjkhd ePjp> epuhfhpf;fg;gl;l

ePjpahFk;;. ehq;fs; th;j;jf ePjp kd;wq;fspd; nraw;ghLfis Jhpjg;gLj;jpNdhk;. th;j;jf
ePjp kd;wq;fs; KjyPl;Lr; R+oiy Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; rpwg;ghd gq;fspg;ig nra;Js;sJ.
tof;Ffis Jhpjg;gLj;jp Mff; Fiwe;jJ 6 khjq;fSf;Fs; jPh;g;gpid toq;Ftjw;F
th;j;jf ePjp kd;wq;fis ehd; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;j tifapy; nrtpg;Gy
gjpTfisg; gad;;gLj;jp jd;dpaf;f tof;F Kfhikj;jJt KiwikapidAk; ePjpkd;w
epUthfj;jpidAk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjw;fhf &gh 500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fL
P
nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
443. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> jw;NghJ vkJ ePjpkd;wq;fs; xU ehisf;F ,UKiw
$Lk; Kiwikia nfhz;ljhf ,y;iy. xUehisf;F ,UKiw tof;Ffis tprhhpf;Fk;
Kiwikia mwpKfk; nra;tjd; %yk; Njq;fpf; fplf;Fk; tof;Ffis tpiuthf
jPu;f;fyhk;.
444. jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; rl;lq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba jpUj;jq;fis milahsk;
fhZk;gb ehd; ePjpaikr;ir Ntz;bf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. rl;l kWrPuhf;fq;fSf;fhf &gh
500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;tUfpd;Nwd;.
445. ePjpj;Jiw gapw;rp epWtfj;jpd; ,aysit fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F &gh 500 kpy;ypad;fis
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk; ePjpj;Jiw Copau;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;jy; rl;;l
kh mjpgu; fhupahyak;> rl;l tiuTfs;
vd;gtw;wpd; ,aysT fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk;.
89

kw;Wk;

mur

gFg;gha;T

jpizf;fsk;

446. ,yq;if xU kj;jpa];j kj;jpa epiyakhf mikg;gjw;F mtrpakhd cl;fl;likg;G

trjpfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ
vd
ehd;
ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.
ehd;
mjpfhhpfsplj;jpy;
Ntz;bf;nfhs;tJ vd;dntd;why; fhzg;gLk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis gad;gLj;jp
gpzf;F jPu;Tfs;
kw;Wk; kj;jpa];j nraw;ghLfis Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;F mtrpa
eltbf;iffis vLf;FkhW Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
Xa;;t+jpa epjpfs;
447. Xa;Tngw;w njhopw;gil mq;fj;jth;fs; mth;fspd; RWRWg;ghd Ntiyf;fhyj;jpy;
mth;fs; ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F nra;j gq;fspg;ig fUj;jpw;nfhz;L mth;fSila
vQ;rpa tho;f;iff; fhyj;ij kpfTk; re;Njhrkhd #oypy; fopg;gij murhq;fk; cWjp
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 2014 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ ehl;;by; 168>900 mq;fj;jtu;fisf; nfhz;l
156 mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Nrkyhg epjpfs; kw;Wk; gq;fspg;G nra;Ak; Xa;t+jpa Kiwfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 2014 Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapd; NghJ ,tw;wpd; nkhj;j nrhj;Jf;fs;
kw;Wk; KjyPl;bd; ngWkjpahdJ KiwNa &gh 151 gpy;ypad; kw;Wk; 115
gpy;ypad;fshFk;.
448. njhopy; Mizahshpdhy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l Nrkyhg epjpaq;fs;
kw;Wk;
gq;fspg;Gr;
nra;Ak;
Xa;t+jpaj;
jpl;lq;fspd;
xOq;FgLj;jy;
kw;Wk;
Nkw;ghh;itfs;
eypthdjhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
mjdhy;
,t;thwhd
epjpfspd;
mq;fj;jth;fspd; Nrkpg;Gf;fshdJ Mgj;jhd epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt>
,j;jifa epjpfspd; ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;JKfkhf ntspg;gilahd epUthf
juq;fSld;$ba
Gjpa
Nkw;ghh;it
kw;Wk;
xOq;FgLj;jy;
Kiwikfs;
Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. mjdhy; ,t; Xa;t+jpa epjpaq;fis xOq;FgLj;Jtjw;F ,yq;if
xOq;FgLj;jy; epWtfnkhd;wpw;F
xOq;FgLj;Jtjw;F
mtrpakhd

rhl;l tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. Xa;t+jpa epjpaq;fis

rl;lthf;fq;fis
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F
ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
449. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> murhq;fj;jpd; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; epjpaspf;fg;glhj
Xa;t+jpa Kiwikapd; fPo; Xa;t+jpaj;jpw;fhd nrytpdk; fle;j tUlq;fspd; NghJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT mjpfupj;Js;sJ. mjpfupj;JtUk; KjpNahu; rdj;njhif kw;Wk;
mjDld; njhlu;ghd mgptpUj;jpfs; ,t;tplaj;jpid NkYk; Nkhrkhf;fpAs;sJ.
,jdhy; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; Xa;t+jpaj;jpid kPs; kjpg;gPL nra;a Ntz;baJ
Kjd;ikahdjhFk;. vdNt jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; Xa;t+jpa Kiw jw;nghOJ
Nritahw;Wfpd;w Copau;fSf;F njhlu;e;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; 2016 rdtup 1
Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J Gjpjhf murhq;fj;Jiwf;F Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk; Copau;fSf;F
Gjpa
gq;fspg;G
Xa;t+jpaj;
jpl;lnkhd;W
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLtJld;
mtu;fsJ
,isg;ghwypd; NghJ Xa;t+jpak; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd gq;fspg;G murhq;f
Xa;t+jpa epjpf;F mDg;gpitf;fg;gLk;.
450. gpujku; mtuJ nghUshjhu nfhs;iff; $w;wpy; Fwpg;gpl;ljd; gpufhuk; Copa Nrkyhg
epjp kw;Wk; Copau; ek;gpf;if nghWg;G epjpak; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; xd;wpizf;fg;gl
cs;sJ. mj;jifa cghankhd;W murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; njhopw; rq;fq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy;
,zf;fg;ghL fhzg;gLfpd;w re;ju;g;gj;jpy; khj;jpuk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;gjid
,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F ehd; mwptpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

90

451. Copau; Nrkyhg epjpaj;jpd; cWg;gpdu;fs; khjnkhd;Wf;F 100 &ghtpid gq;fspg;ghf

nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; mth;fsJ rpWtu;fSf;F (18 taJ tiu) tpgj;J> jPuhj Neha;
kw;Wk; rj;jpurpfpr;ir vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa Rfhjhu fhg;GWjpahf Mff;$baJ
150>000 &ghtpid toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
kfspu; tYt+l;ly;
452. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu;fNs>

vkJ

rdj;njhifapy;

miuthrpf;F

mjpfkhff;

fhzg;gLk; ngz;fs; Njapiy gwpj;jy;> Mil ijj;jy; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G vd vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; gpujhd Jiwfspy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. vdpDk;
vkJ ehl;bYs;s rl;lthf;f rigfspy; mth;fsJ gpujpepjpj;Jtk; kpfTk; Fiwthff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt vkJ murhq;fk; Nju;jy; %yk; njupT nra;ag;gl;l murpay;
epWtdq;fspy;
ngz;fspd;
gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij
25
rjtPjkhf
mjpfupg;gjw;F
Kd;nkhope;Js;sJ.
tpahghu nrad;Kiw Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; Mw;wypid mjpfupj;jy;
453. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tpahghur; nray;Kiw Kfhikj;Jtj; JiwahdJ 2016
,y; Vw;Wkjp tUkhdj;jpid 1 kpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyuhf nfhz;bUg;gJld; 2020
mstpy; 100>000 Copau;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNjNtis> Vw;Wkjp tUkhdkhf 5
gpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyiu nfhz;bUf;Fnkd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;if cyf
jug;gLj;jypy; fle;j %d;W tUlq;fshf njhlu;e;Jk; Kjy; 25 MtJ ,lj;jpy;
,Ug;gjhf v.hp Nfu;zp jug;gLj;jpAs;shu;. fhh;l;dh; ,yq;ifapid cyfpy; Kjy; 30
MtJ ,lj;jpypUg;gjhf jug;gLj;jpAs;shu;.
454. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,yf;fpid miltjw;F vkJ ehL jpwikAs;s jfty; njhopy;El;g
njhopy;Gupeu;fs; gyiu Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. ,e;jtifapy; jfty; njhopy;El;g
gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf ru;tNjr mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w jfty; njhopy;El;g
fy;tp epiyaq;fSf;F ehd; miog;G tpLg;gJld; mtw;Wf;F tupr; rYiffis
toq;Ftjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,g; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; jdpahu; murhq;f gq;fspg;G
Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; murhq;fk; fhzp kw;Wk; Vida
cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis gq;fspg;ghf toq;Fk;.
455. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;if jfty; njhopy;El;g> tpahghur; nrad;Kiw
Kfhikj;Jtf;
ifj;njhopypid
juk;
Fiwthf
nraw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ
vd;gJ
gpioahdjhFk;. vkJ ehL tpahghuk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopypy; cz;ikahd Mw;wypid
ntspg;gLj;jfpd;wJ vd;gij ehk; cyfpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;l Ntz;ba re;ju;g;gk;
,JthFk;. vdNt> jfty; njhopy;El;g Jiwapy; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd tha;g;Gfis
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjw;F ehL ru;tNjr gpur;rhuk; kw;Wk; Kd;Ndhb nraw;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj;jp rigapd; %yk; &gh 100 kpy;ypaid my;yJ
gpur;rhu eltbf;iffspd; nkhj;jr; nrytpdj;jpy; 50 rjtPjj;jpid toq;Ftjw;F
Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNeuk; SLSSCOM NkYk; 100 kpy;ypaid toq;Ftjw;fhd
Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. SLSSCOM mYtyu;fs; kw;Wk; murhq;f mYtyu;fis
cs;slf;fpa Nkw;ghu;itf; FOnthd;W ,r;nraw;ghLfis fz;fhzpg;gjpy; <LgLk;.
456. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Gj;jhf;fk; kw;Wk; njhopy;Kaw;rpahd;ik ,d;wp
nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp mila KbahJ. Gj;jhf;f rpe;jidAs;s vkJ ,sk; gl;ljhupfs;
,yq;ifapy; %yjdj;jpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ fbdkhd tplakhFk;. mtu;fspy;
91

ngUk;ghyhdtu;fspd;
fUj;Jf;fs;
tu;j;jf
uPjpahd
njhopy;Kaw;rpfshf
khw;wg;gLtjpy;iy. vdNt %yjdg; gw;whf;Fiwapid ePf;Ftjw;Fk; gy;fiyf;fof
gl;ljhupfs; jkJ nrhe;jf; fk;gdpfis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Cf;fkspg;gjw;fhf
Mff;Fiwe;jJ
1>000
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3
tUlj;jpw;Fs;
MnshUtupd;
fz;Lgpbg;nghd;Wf;F Mff;$baJ &gh 1.5 kpy;ypad; tiu fld; toq;Ftjw;F
murhq;f tq;fpfspd; Clhf fld; toq;Fk; jpl;lnkhd;wpid Kd;ndLg;gjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,f;fld; vt;tpj gpizAkpd;wp tpahghuj; jpl;lq;fSf;F khj;jpuk;
toq;fg;gLk;. gy;fiyf;fof Nguhrpupau;fs;> ifj;njhopy; njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fs; kw;Wk;
murhq;f Copau;fisf; nfhz;l Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G rigapd; fPo; njhopw;gLk;
FOnthd;wpdhy; ,e;j tpahghuj; jpl;lq;fs; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLk;. ,f;flDf;fhd
cj;juthjk; murhq;fj;jpdhy; KOikahf toq;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; tUlnkhd;Wf;F 100
Gjpa njhopy;Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpg;gjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
457. murhq;fk;
#oypay;
Kiwiknahd;wpid
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F
mjpf
ftdk;
nrYj;jpAs;sJ. ,jd;%yk; cs;ehl;by; njhopw;gLk; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf;
fk;gdpfs;> Kd;Ndhb KjyPl;lhsu;fs; Fwpj;j gl;ljhupfspd; fk;gdpfspy; gq;fhsu;fshf
,Uf;f KbAnkd;gJld; epjp toq;Ftjd; %yk; Vida njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fSk;>
topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ftjw;fhf ,ize;J nfhs;gtu;fSk; KjyPl;Lf;fhd rYiffis
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
458. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;jtifapy; murhq;fk; Fwpj;j njhopy; Jiwapy;
gq;fhsuhf ,Uf;Fkh vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. Mdhy; ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsu;rr
; pf;F
Cf;fkspg;gjw;F jdpahu; Jiwf;fhd trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLg;gjpy; murhq;fk;
mf;fiw nrYj;jptUfpd;wJ.
cj;Njr rl;lthf;f jpUj;jq;fs;
459. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; r%f ePjpapid
mile;Jnfhs;tJ NtfKk; tpidj;jpwDk; mNjNghd;W rupahd jPu;khdk; vLj;jYk; kpf
mtrpakhdjhFk;.
ePjpapid
eilKiwapy;
gpuNahfpf;ff;$ba
Kiwnahd;iw
jhgpg;gjw;F Njitahd kWrPuikg;gpid Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; vkJ rl;lq;fisAk; rl;l
KiwikfisAk; kPsha;T nra;tjw;F vkJ murhq;fk; mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gl;L
tUfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; gpzf;F jPu;T kw;Wk; rl;l Vw;ghLfs; xUthuj;jpNyh my;yJ
khjq;fspNyh
my;yJ
tUlq;fspNyh
tiuaWf;f
KbahjjhFk;.
vkJ
rl;l
Kiwikfspd; tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F ehk; vjpu;ghu;gg
; Jld; mjd; %yk;
Njrpa
nghUshjuj;jpw;F
cj;Ntfk;
toq;fp
vkJ
mgptpUj;jp
,yf;Ffis
mile;Jnfhs;s KbAk;.
460. vdJ mikr;rhdJ vkJ gzpfSld; njhlu;ghd rl;lq;fis kPsha;T nra;tjw;fhd
eilKiwfis Vw;fdNt Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. ,jpy; ehzar; nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghL> tup
tpjpg;gdT> Rq;fk;> Copau; Nrkyhg epjp kw;Wk; Copa ek;gpf;if epjp> fhzp
(ifkhw;wy; tiuaiw) rl;lk;> nrayhw;Wif Fiwe;j njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk; Fiw
gad;ghl;L Mjdq;fspd; kPnsOr;rp rl;lk;> eyd;Gup ed;ikfs; rl;lk;> murhq;f xg;ge;j
rl;lk; vd;gdTk; cs;slq;Fk;. jdpahu; murhq;f gq;Flik njhlu;gpy; Kiwahd
xOq;Ftpjpfs; vk;kplk; ,y;iynad;gij ehd; Rl;bf;fhl;l tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. vdNt
jdpahu; murhq;f gq;Flikf;fhd rpwe;j rl;l Vw;ghLfs; cUthf;fg;gLk; tiu
,ilf;fhy Vw;ghlhf topfhl;ly;fis tpepNahfpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;
ru;tNjr kj;jpa];jq;fSf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhf murhq;fk;
92

ngUkstpy;
nryT
nra;tjw;F
epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lJ.
mt;thwhd
kj;jpa];j
nrad;KiwfSf;fhd nrytpdk; &gh 100 kpy;ypadhFk;. vdNt ePjp mikr;rpd;
topfhl;lYld; ru;tNjr kj;jpa];j epiyankhd;;wpid ,yq;ifapy; jhgpg;gjw;F ehk;
xj;Jiog;G toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;. jw;nghOJ ,jidj; jhgpg;gjw;F Njitahd tsq;fis
ehk; Vw;fdNt toq;fpAs;Nshk;. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ru;tNjr kj;jpa];j nrad;Kiwfis
KbAkhd msT jtpu;f;FkhW murhq;f epWtdq;fSf;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiw
461. nfsut
rghehafu;

mtu;fNs>

Nghf;Ftuj;Jj;

JiwahdJ

kpf

mtrukhd

kWrPuikg;gpid Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ. ve;jnthU thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kfhikj;JtKk;

fhzg;glhikapdhy;
vkJ ghijfs; thfd newpry;fspdhy; epiwe;Js;sd.
,j;Jiwapd;
mgptpUj;jpAld;
ve;jnthU
xOq;FgLj;Jif
KiwikAk;
gpd;gw;wg;gltpy;iy.
462. Kr;rf;fu tz;bfs;> thlif thfdq;fs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiy Ntd;fs; kw;Wk; nghUl;fs;
Vw;Wk;
thfdq;fs;
cs;slq;fyhf
Njrpa
Nghf;Ftuj;J
Mizf;FOtpd;
Nehf;nfy;iyia tpupthf;Ftjw;F rl;lthf;f jpUj;jq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jtjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
ghij Nghf;Ftuj;J
463. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;if Nghf;Ftuj;J rigahdJ Ng&e;J xd;wpidf;
nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F Mff;Fiwe;jJ &gh 4.5 kpy;ypaid nrytpl Ntz;bAs;sJ.
vt;thwhapDk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J rigapd; gioa mbr;rl;lq;fs; Gjpa Ng&e;Jfs;
jahupg;Gf;fhd fopT ,Uk;ghf tpw;fg;gLfpwJ. vdNt Gjpa Ng&e;Jfis vk;khy;
jahupf;f KbAkhapd;> Ng&e;Jfs; nfhs;tdTf;fhd nrytpdj;jpid Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
vdNt cs;ehl;Lf; fk;gdpfspd; gq;fspg;Gld; njhopw;gLtjw;F KbAkhd Ng&e;Jfisj;
jahupg;gjw;fhd rhj;jpag;ghLfisf; fz;lwpAkhW ehd; Nghf;Ftuj;J rigaplk; Nfl;Lf;
nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,r;nrad;Kiw %yk; Ng&e;J xd;Wf;F Vwf;Fiwa &gh 1.5 kpy;ypaid
Nrkpf;f KbAk; vd;gJld; tUlnkhd;Wf;F &gh 10>000 kpy;ypaid Nrkpf;fKbAk; vd
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
464. murhq;f nrhj;Jf;fs; tPz;tpuak; nra;ag;glf;$lhJ vd;w tifapy;> Nfs;tpg;gj;jpu
Kiwapd; %yk; gad;gLj;j Kbahj midj;J thfdq;fisAk; tpw;gid nra;AkhW
mur Jiw epWtdq;fis ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
465. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> xt;nthU ehSk; Kr;rf;fu tz;bfspdhy; Vw;gLk;
tpgj;Jf;fis ehk; Nfs;tpg;gLfpd;Nwhk;. ehl;by; kf;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F Kr;rf;fu
tz;bfs; gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jfpd;wjhapDk;> ,tw;iw 280 ,ae;jpuf; nfhs;ssTila
ehd;F rf;fu thfdq;fshf juKau;j;Jtjw;F Cf;fkspf;f KbAnkd ehd; cWjpahf
ek;GtJld;
mjw;fhf
rYif
mbg;gilapyhd
fld;
jpl;lnkhd;wpid
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
466. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> rf;jpapid Nrkpg;gjw;Fk; Rw;whly; khriltjid
Fiwg;gjw;Fk; Kr;rf;fu tz;bfspid vupnghUspypUe;J kpd;rhuj;jpw;F khw;WkhW mjd;
cupikahsu;fis ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf fl;lz khzp
nghUj;jg;gl;l Kr;rf;fu tz;bfSf;F &gh 150>000 rYiff; flid toq;Ftjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,jw;fhf
&gh
50
kpy;ypaid
xJf;fPL
nra;aTk;
ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
93

467. ehl;by; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l xt;nthU thfdj;jpw;Fk; Nkhl;lhu; thfd milahs

Fwpahf;fpapid nghUj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fis
Kfhik
nra;tjw;F
cjTtJld;
jpUl;bypUe;J
ghJfhj;J
ghJfhg;gpid
mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.
,jw;fhf
&gh
500
kpy;ypaid
xJf;fPL
nra;tjw;F
ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
Gifapuj Nghf;Ftuj;J
468. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;by; 1>567 fp.kP Gifapujg; ghijfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
,tw;Ws; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT ePskhd Gifapujg; ghijfspy; ehnshd;Wf;F xUrpy
Gifapujq;fs; khj;jpuNk gazpf;fpd;wd. vdNt Gifapujg; ghijfis fl;lz
mbg;gilapy; nghUl;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; Rw;Wyh Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf jdpahu;
Jiwapdu; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F mDkjpg;gjw;fhf ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk;
ngwg;gLk; tUkhdk; Gifapujg; ghijfis Kfhik nra;tjw;Fk; mjd; cl;fl;likg;G
trjpfis juKau;j;Jtjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>
Gifapujj; JiwahdJ kpfg; ngUkstpyhd Mjdq;fisf; nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk;
mit
KOikahf
gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy.
,e;jtifapy;>
gad;ghL
Fiwe;j
Mjdq;fspd;
tpistpid
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
cghaq;fisf;
fz;lwptjw;F
murhq;fj;jpdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l 5 cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;l Gifapujj; mgptpUj;jp
Nguit xd;wpid jhgpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
469. ,yq;if Nghf;Ftuj;J rig gioa Ng&e;J mbr;rl;lq;fis kPsg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F
gpd;gw;Wfpd;w mNj topKiwapid ,yq;if Gifapujj; JiwAk; jkJ gioa
Gifapujg; ngl;bfis gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. ghtidapypUe;j
mfw;wg;gl;l Gifapujg; ngl;bfis fopT ,Uk;ghf khw;Wtjd; %yk; tUlnkhd;Wf;F
&gh 6>000 kpy;ypad;fis Nrkpf;f KbAk;. NkYk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpia ,jd;
%yk; Nrkpg;gJld; cs;ehl;L Gjpa ifj;njhopy; xd;wpidAk;; cUthf;f KbAk;.
470. rdj;njhif Nghf;fpidf; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L fsdpg; gs;sj;jhf;F Gifapujg; ghij
etPd
kag;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL
Ntfk;
kw;Wk;
Ml;fspd;
nfhs;tdT
msT
mjpfupf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 1>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
471. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Gifapuj epiyaq;fs; kw;Wk; Ng&e;J epiyaq;fspy;
Park and Ride trjpfis Vw;ghL nra;tjd; %yk; ehl;by; thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J rpwe;j

Kiwapy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLtJld; gpuahzpfs; nrsfupakhfTk; Fiwe;j nrytpYk;

gazpg;gjw;fhd trjpfs; nra;ag;gLk;. ,jw;fhf Gifapujg; ghijfs; Nkk;ghL kw;Wk;
[hvy>
mtp]hnty;y>
ghze;Jiw>
fltj;ij
kw;Wk;
gpypae;jiy
Nghd;w
njupTnra;ag;gl;l
efuq;fspy;
Ng&e;Jg;
Nghf;Ftuj;jpid
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F
Nghf;Ftuj;J mikr;Rf;F &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. Park and Ride vz;zf;fU jhgpf;fg;gl;lJld; efuj;jpw;Fs; tUfpd;w
thfdq;fs; Fiwe;jJ 4 gazpfis nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfl;fg;gLtJld;
mt;thwy;yhj thfdq;fSf;F fl;lzk; mwtplg;gLk;.
nrg;njk;gH ,Wjpastpy; gad;ghl;Lf;F tUk;.

,r;nrad;

KiwahdJ

472. nghUl;fs;
Nghf;Ftuj;jpid
Gifapujj;jpd;
Clhf
Nkw;nfhs;tjd;
Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nrytpid Fiwg;gjw;F ehk; Cf;Ftpg;Gfis toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.

94

2016
%yk;

473. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> aho;g;ghzk; Gifapujg; ghij> khNfh kw;Wk; tTdpah
ghijfspd; Ntfj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjw;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fL
P
nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
474. nkhNdhiuy; - ePu;nfhOk;G> fl;Lehaf;f kw;Wk; nfhOk;G> nfhOk;G kw;Wk; fltj;ij
efuq;fis ,izf;Fk; nkhNdhiuy; fUj;jpl;lq;fis epu;khzpg;gjw;F jdpahu; Jiw
gq;fhsu;fSf;F murhq;fj;Jiw Cf;Ftpg;G toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
ePu; khu;f;fq;fspy; Nghf;Ftuj;J
475. nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>

tpNrlkhf

ePu;

khu;f;fq;fspd;

fpilg;gdTf;F

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;Fk; tifapy; ,e;j tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nghf;Ftuj;J

eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLg;gjw;F jdpahu; JiwapdUf;F ehd; miog;G tpLf;fpd;Nwd;.
476. Rw;Wyhj; Jiwf;F gy;tifg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; kw;WnkhU eltbf;ifahf Nkyjpf
Vw;ghLfspd; Njitfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf ePh;khh;f;fq;fis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l mjpNtfg;glF ePh;r;rUf;F tpisahl;Lj; Njh;Tfis toq;Ftjw;F jdpahh;
Jiwapdh;

Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLtth;.

mt;thwhd

glFfs;

guhf;fpuk rKj;jpuj;jpy; njhopw;gLj;j KbAk;.

477. ehl;by; ePh;topg;;Nghf;Ftuj;jpid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F
nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

&gh

nfhOk;G
250

rpyhgk;

kpy;ypaid

kw;Wk;
xJf;fPL

fg;gw;njhopy;
478. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fpof;fpypUe;J Nkw;fpw;fhd fg;gw; Nghf;Ftuj;J ghijapy;
kpf mz;ikapypUf;fpd;w ehL vd;w tifapy; ,yq;ifapd; ,l mikTf;F
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fp rKj;jpu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ikankhd;wpid cUthf;FtJ
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
479. cyf ngWkjp njhlupid ehk; tsu;f;f Ntz;baJ Kf;fpak; vd;gJld; rKj;jpu
ikakhdJ ngUkstpyhd tha;g;Gfis toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;jtifapy; ehl;bw;Fs; fg;gy;
chpikahsu;fspid
ftu;tjw;fhd
#o;epiyapid
cUthf;FtJld;
mjd;%yk;
rKj;jpug; nghUshjhunkhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F KbAk;.
480. fg;gw; Nghf;Ftuj;J ikankhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F fg;gw; njhopw;Jiw kw;Wk;
nfhs;fyd; my;yhj njhopw;Jiwfs; mjpfupf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jtifapy; 2025
,y; cyfpy; Kjy; 20 MtJ fg;gw; Nghf;Ftuj;J JiwKfkhf khWtjw;F Njitahd
cghaq;fis cUthf;FtJ mtrpakhFk;.
481. fg;gw; js njhopyhsu;fs; fg;gy; cupikahsu;fspy; jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;baJld; nghJ
KjyPl;bd;
%yk;
,j;Jiwapy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
KjyPl;bid
kPsg;
ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;F ,t; tpahghuj;jpid tsu;r;rp milar; nra;a Ntz;ba Njit
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fg;gy; epjpaspg;G> jpUj;j Ntiy> fg;gy; gjpT> Fjg;gLj;jy;>
kj;jpa];jk; kw;Wk; mjNdhL njhlu;ghd Nritfs; Gjpa rl;lq;fspd; %yk;
epWtfpf;fg;gLtJld; mtw;Wf;fhf murhq;fk; Cf;Ftpg;G toq;Fk;. ,j;njhopw;
Jiwf;fhd Nghl;bj; jd;ik gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.
482. nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>
,yq;if
flw;gilahdJ
fly;
ghJfhg;G
eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjw;fhd Mw;wypid nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jtifapy; ,yq;iff;
flw;gilAld; ,ize;j njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F jdpahu; JiwapdUf;F Cf;fkspf;f
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
95

nghUl;nfhs;tdT
483. ,yq;ifapid
njhopy;
ikankhd;whf
gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
Nritfis
tpupthf;Ftjw;F tpidj;jpwd;> %yjdk;> mwpT vd;gtw;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F
ru;tNjr fg;gw; ruf;Nfw;wy; fk;gdpfs; kPjhd tiuaiwfis murhq;fk; ePf;FtJld;
mjd;%yk; ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpd; Clhf cs;ehl;Lg; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Gjpa
%yjdk;> tpahghuk; kw;Wk; njhopy;tha;gG
; vd;gtw;wpid cUthf;f KbAk;. fg;gw;
ruf;Nfw;wy; ikaj;jpw;fhd chpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fis Fwpg;gpLfpd;w xOq;F
tpjpfs; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLtJld; ,g;gpuNjrq;fs; KjyPlL
;
Cf;Ftpg;G tyaq;fSf;F
ntspNa mike;jpUf;Fk;
ruf;F nghUs; Vw;wy;
484. ru;tNjr ruf;Nfw;wy; njhopw;JiwahdJ ntspehl;L gq;fspg;Gld; Mff;$baJ 75
rjtPjkhfTk;> Mff;Fiwe;jJ 5 kpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyuhfTk; KjyPL fhzg;gLk;
tifapy; Rje;jpu kag;gLj;jg;gLk;. MapDk; ,f;fk;gdpfs; Mff;Fiwe;jJ 90 rjtPj
cs;ehl;L Ntiytha;g;gpidf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ruf;Nfw;wy; njhopypid
JiwKfq;fSf;F tpupthf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhoptJld; ,yq;ifj; JiwKf mjpfhu
rigAld; njhopw;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;. fg;gw; njhopy; njhlu;ghd eltbf;iffspy;
jpwd;tpUj;jp kw;Wk; gapw;rpapid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F ,j;Jiwapy; gapw;rp kw;Wk;
cgfuzq;fSf;F tupr;rYif toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.
485. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;J rKj;jpu mYty;fs; xj;Jiog;G eltbf;iffis
tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F &gh 50 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
486. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;if JiwKf mjpfhu rig tsTf;Fs; Eiofpd;w
nfhs;fyd; thfdq;fs; gy;NtW eilKiwfSf;F cl;gLfpd;wd vd;gJ vdJ
ftdj;jpw;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. thfd efu;T nraw;ghLfis vt;tpjf; fl;Lg;ghbd;wp
jpwe;JtpLtJld; thfdnkhd;Wf;fhd tUlhe;j mDkjpg;gj;jpuf; fl;lzk; &gh 100>000
Mf mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
ifj;njhopw; Ngl;ilfs;
487. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;by; 27 ifj;njhopy; Ngl;ilfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
,tw;wpd; trjpfs; juKau;j;jg;glhjJld; ifj;njhopw; rhiyfspd; nraw;ghLfs;
mjpfupf;FksT juKau;j;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. vdNt> ,e;j njhopw;Ngl;ilfis
juKau;j;jy; kw;Wk; Gduikg;G eltbf;iffspw;F Njitahd eltbf;iffis ehk;
mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;Nshk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf `k;ghe;Njhl;il> iufk;> kfh Xah kw;Wk;
jpUNfhzkiy Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp tyaq;fis ehk;
jhgpg;gJld;
fz;bapy;
jfty;
kw;Wk;
tptrha
njhopy;El;g
tyaq;fis
cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,f;ifj;njhopy; Ngl;ilfspy; Gduikg;G
kw;Wk; Kd;Ndw;w nraw;gHLfspw;F &gh 500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
ePu; toq;fy;
488. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Foha;ePH trjp ehl;by; Vwf;Fiwa 44 rjtPjkhNdhUf;F
khj;jpuk;
fpilf;fg;ngWfpd;wJ.
2020
mstpy;
Foha;ePu;
fpilg;gdtpid
60
rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpg;gJ vkJ nfhs;ifahFk;. murhq;fk; ehLKOtjpYk; &gh 94
96

gpy;ypad; nrytpy; 29 ghupastpyhd ePu; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lq;fspid Nkw;nfhz;L

tUfpd;wJ. mNjNtis> Ie;J gpujhd fopTePufw;wy; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; ,j;Jiw
njhlu;ghd trjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf nraw;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
489. ehl;by;
milahsq;
fhzg;glhj
rpWePuf
Neha;
guk;giy
jLg;gjw;fhd
Jhpjg;gLj;jg;gl;l epfo;rr
; pj; jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf Foha; ePh; tpepNahfg;gl Kbahj
gpuNjrq;fSf;F ePh; Rj;jpfhpg;G ,ae;jpuq;fs; (RO) toq;fg;gLk;.
ghij tiyaikg;G
490. nfsut gpujkh; mth;fs; kj;jpa mjpNtfg;ghij eph;khzj;jpw;fhd mbf;fyiy
,t;tUl Muk;gj;jpy; ehl;bdhh;. ,g;ghijapd; ehd;f gFjpfspdJk; gzpfs; xNu
Neuj;jpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtJld; xU gFjpf;fhd xg;ge;jk; cs;ehl;L xg;ge;jf;fhuh;fSf;F
toq;fg;glTs;sJ.
491. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Wtd;Gu mjpNtfg; ghij tpupthf;fy;> ghze;Jiu
tiuf;Fkhd fiuNahug; ghij tpupthf;fy;> jk;Gs;is> nghyeWit> Ky;iyjPT>
aho;g;ghzk; ,izg;G mjpNtfg; ghij epu;khzk;> ghkd;fil> uj;kyhd ghij
tpupthf;fy;> fsdp Mw;Wf;fhd Gjpa ghy epu;khzk;> 25 ghyq;fs; kPs; fl;likg;G
kw;Wk; 3 Nkk;ghyq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf ghij tiyaikg;G tpupthf;fYf;F &gh 15>000
kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
492. epu;khzpj;J njhopw;gLj;jp khw;wy; BOT mbg;gilapy; nfhl;lh ghijapypUe;J fLty
tiuf;Fkhd NkYau;ej
; ghijapid epu;khzpg;gjw;F ehk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;Nshk;. ,jw;fhf
murhq;fg; gq;fspg;ghf &gh 10>000 kpy;ypaid toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
493. nfhOk;G Nfhl;ilf;fhd milT topapid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F fsdpg; ghyj;jpypUe;J
nfhOk;G Nfhl;ilf;fhd Gjpa Nfhl;il EisTg; ghij epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. mjw;fhf 2
tUlj;jpw;Fs; &gh 4>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
tlfpof;F mjpNtfg; ghijapd; %yk; ehl;bid ,izj;jy;
494. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> nfhOk;G> FUehfy; kw;Wk; fz;b Mfpa epiyaq;fis
,izf;Fk; kj;jpa mjpNtfg; ghij gzpfis murhq;fk; Muk;gpf;f cs;sJ vd;gjid
ePq;fs; ed;fwptPu;fs;. ,e;j mjpNtfg; ghijahdJ murhq;f jdpahu; gq;fspg;gpd; Clhf
jk;Gs;is> nghyeWit> Ky;iyjPT kw;Wk; aho;g;ghzj;jpid ,izf;Fk; tifapy;
NkYk; tpupthf;fg;gLk;.
495. nfsut
rghehafu;
mtu;fNs>
ehl;bd;
tsu;r;rpahdJ
xUq;fpize;j
eilKiwnahd;wpid
Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ.
cj;Njr
mjpNtfg;
ghij
neLfpYk;
ifj;njhopw; Ngl;ilfis epu;khzpg;gjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd;%yk; mjpNtfg;
ghijfSf;fhd ngWkjp Nru;g;G ,lk;ngWk;.
,e;jtifapy; mjpNtfg; ghijfspy;
kUe;Jg; nghUl; fk;gdpfs; cs;slq;fyhd caphpay; njhopy;El;g Ngl;ilfs;> cw;gj;jp
tbtikg;G nghwpapay; jahupg;G> jfty; njhopy;El;g g+q;fh kw;Wk; tptrha> ePupay;
tsq;fs; g+q;fh vd;gtw;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
496. mjpNtfg; ghijf;fhd fl;lzk; khj;jpuk; mtw;wpid tu;j;jf uPjpapy; tYthdjhf
khw;wkhl;lhJ. mjw;F gpd;Gynkhd;W toq;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfSf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mjpNtfg; ghijnad;gJ
nfhOk;gpypUe;J fz;bf;Fk; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;Fkhd ghij vd;gjy;y khw;wkhf mjpNtfg;
ghijfs; vd;gd cj;Njr tu;j;jf ikaq;fSld; ,ize;jjhf Nehf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
97

cz;ikapy;> ,e;j mjpNtfg; ghijfs; njhopy;Kaw;rp kw;Wk; Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;fhd

mjpNtfg; ghijfshf fhzg;gLk;
497. cj;Njrf; fk;gdpfspd; gpujhd %yjdkhf 2016 ,y; &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fL
P
nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigf;fhd
cj;juthjq;fis toq;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gLtJld; mjpfhu rigahdJ cs;ehl;by;
my;yJ ntspehl;by; fld; epjp Nrfupg;gpy; <LglKbAk;;.
ePu;g;ghrdf; fUj;jpl;lq;fs;
498. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>

cztpy; jd;dpiwtpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd vkJ

nfhs;ifapy; ePu;g;ghrdk; kw;Wk; ePu;ts Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gd Kf;fpaj;Jk; ngWtjid

ehk; ed;F mwpfpNwhk;. ,e;jtifapy;> rpwpastpyhd Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fspd;
Gduikg;G kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf Vw;fdNt xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;l &gh 2>000
kpy;ypaDf;F Nkyjpfkhf ahd; Xah ePug
; g
; hrdf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpid Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
NkYk; &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
kpd;tY kw;Wk; rf;jp
499. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>

kpd;rhuj;

JiwahdJ

nghUshjhuj;jpy;

ghupasT

KjyPl;bid
Ntz;bepw;fpd;w
Jiwahf
njhlu;e;Jk;
,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ.
vdNt
kpd;Dw;gj;jp eltbf;iffSf;fhd KjyPLfs; vt;tpj tiuaiwfSkpd;wp njhlh;e;Jk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
500. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ghuk;gupakw;w GJg;gpf;ff;$ba rf;jp fUj;jpl;lq;fshd
fhw;whio kw;Wk; #hpa rf;jp kpd;rhuk; vd;gtw;wpd; mjp$ba Mw;wYf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
toq;Fk; tifapy; mt;thwhd tsq;fis gad;gLj;jp cs;ehl;L Njitfis
g+u;j;jpnra;tJld; Nkyjpfkhdij Vw;Wkjp nra;Ak; tifapy; jdpahu; Jiw
gq;fspg;gpid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigapidf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
,jd;%yk; vkJ ehL vz;nza;apy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; epiyapidf; Fiwg;gjw;F KbAnkd
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
501. ghuk;gupakw;w GJg;gpf;ff;$ba rf;jp fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;l tpUg;Gf;
fbjq;fs; Vw;fdNt toq;fg;gl;L 2015 brk;gu; 31 Mk; jpfjpad;W xU tUlj;jpw;F Nky;
gad;gLj;jg;glhjpUf;Fkhapd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

mit

njhopw;ghl;bypUe;J

epWj;jg;gLtjw;F

ehd;

khefu kw;Wk; efu mgptpUj;jp

502. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>
efu kw;Wk; efiur; rhu;e;j mgptpUj;jpj;
jpl;lq;fSf;fhd Kiwahd jpl;lkply; fhzg;glhik
,e;ehl;by; kpf Kf;fpakhd
tplakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; nfsut gpujk ke;jpup Nky; khfhzj;jpid
khehfukhf
khw;Wfpd;w
vz;zf;fUtpid
mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
,e;jtifapy;>
murhq;fk; khehfu mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghd tpupthd rl;lthf;fnkhd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;j
cs;sJ. ,e;jtifapy; khehfu fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd gpujhd jpl;lq;fs; 2016 ,y;
g+u;j;jpahFk; tiuapy; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJld; ngUk;ghyhd juj; jpl;lq;fs; jdpahu;
kw;Wk; murhq;f gq;fspg;G mbg;gilapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;. mj;jifa efu; rhu;e;j
mgptpUj;jp> efu jpz;kf;fopT Kfhikj;Jtk; Nghd;w fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf &gh 10>000
kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
98

efu mgptpUj;jp
503. NkYk;> Rj;jkhd FbePu; fpilg;gdtpid Nkk;gLj;jy;> fopT ePufw;wy; Vw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;
efu mgptpUj;jp vd;gtw;Wf;fhf efu tbtikg;G kw;Wk; ePu; toq;fy; mikr;Rf;F &gh
2>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
njw;F mgptpUj;jp
504. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>

njd; khfhzj;jpypUe;J nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd gq;fspg;G

Vwf;Fiwa 15 rjtPjk; khj;jpukhFk;. vdpDk; mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; Kd;Ndw;wg;gl Ntz;ba

gy tplaq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. me;jtifapy; JiwKfk;
kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya xj;Jiog;G Nritfs;> tptrha mbg;gil ifj;njhopy;fs;>
tptrha xj;Jiog;G Nritfs; Nkk;ghL> efu trjp Nkk;ghL> fpuhkpa Jg;guNtw;ghl;L
trjpfs; Nghd;w gpujhd Jiwfs; njhlu;gpy; njw;F mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Kaw;rpfs;
ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. vdNt> &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid ,jw;fhf xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F
ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
tlNky; mgptpUj;jp
505. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>

tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; FbePu; fUj;jpl;lq;fs;> ePu;g;ghrd

trjpfis Nkk;gLj;jy;> kPd;gpb mgptpUj;jp Nghd;w fUj;jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F

&gh 2>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
GGjK nghyeWit
506. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>
GGjK nghyeWitf; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ mjpNkjF
rdhjpgjpapd;
mgptpUj;jp
Kd;ndLg;nghd;whFk;.
,J
midj;J
JiwfspYk;
Gj;Jzu;r;rpa+l;Lk;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
Rj;jkhd
ePu;
fpilg;gdtpid tpupthf;Fjy;> Rfhjhu ey trjpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;> Fsq;fisg;
Gduikj;jy;> ghlrhiy cl;fl;likg;G trjp Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; rpwe;j tpisahl;L
trjpfs; Nghd;w gy;NtW tpupthf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.
fJUnty> itj;jparhiy efuk;> Gjpa efuk; kw;Wk; nghyeWit Guhjd efuk; Mfpa
gpuNjrq;fis
xd;wpizj;J
etPd
efukhf
khw;Wtjw;F
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
kpd;Ndhpahtpy; cj;Njr rpWePuf itj;jparhiyf;fhf xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;l &gh 2>000
kpy;ypaDf;F Nkyjpfkhf &gh 10>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
tlf;F> fpof;F mgptpUj;jp
507. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspYs;s kf;fspd;
Jauq;fs; njhlu;gpy; vkJ murhq;fk; kpfTk; fupriz nfhz;Ls;sJ. fle;j gy
tUlq;fshf
mtu;fs;
jkJ
mbg;gilj;
Njitfis
Kd;Ndw;wpj;
jUkhW
Nfl;LtUfpd;wdh;. murhq;fk; Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fis mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjw;fhf Fwpg;gplj;jf;f epjpapid xJf;fPL nra;Js;s mNjNtis> tlf;F kw;Wk;
fpof;fpy; Gduikg;G gzpfSf;fhf ,Ujug;G kw;Wk; gy;jug;G Kftu;fsplkpUe;J
xj;Jiog;gpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf 2016 ,y; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsu;fspd;
khehnlhd;wpid elhj;Jtjw;F ehk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;Nshk;.

99

508. cs;ehl;by;
,lk;ngau;e;jtu;fspd;
gpur;rpidfis
cldbahf
jPu;g;gjw;F
ehk;
Maj;jkhf
,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.
vdNt
cs;ehl;by;
,lk;ngau;e;jtu;fis
kPs;
FbNaw;Wtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis cldbahf ehk; vLg;gJld; Vw;fdNt kPs;
FbNawpa FLk;gq;fSf;F tho;thjhu tha;g;GfisAk; mbg;gilj; NjitfisAk;
toq;Ftjw;Fk; eltbf;if vLj;Js;Nshk;. ,jw;fhf Kiwahd Jg;guNtw;ghl;L trjpfs;>
Rj;jkhd FbePu; kw;Wk; kpd;rhuk; vd;gtw;Wld; kd;dhh; kw;Wk; Ky;iyjPT
khtl;lq;fspy; 20>000 tPLfis epu;khzpg;Nghk;. neLe;jPT ,wq;FJiw epu;khzk;>
Ntyiz

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ghij

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Kiwikapid jhgpj;jy; Nghd;wd ,lk;ngWk;.

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
509. xl;L

Rl;lhdpy;

tho;thjhu

njhopw;rhiynahd;wpid
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

mgptpUj;jpapid

jdpahh;

murhq;f

rpfpr;ir

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fopT

&gh

14>000

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

gq;Fgw;WjYld;

Kfhikj;Jt
kpy;ypaid

rptg;Gf;

fsp

];jhgpg;gjw;F

ehd;

Njhl;l cl;fl;likg;G trjp

510. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>
160>000 ,w;F Nkw;gl;l ngUe;Njhl;l njhopyhsu;
FLk;gq;fs; ,d;Dk; gioa yad; miwfspy; tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. vkJ murhq;fk;
ngUe;Njhl;l r%fj;jpw;fhf Fiwe;j nrytpy; tPLfis epu;khzpg;gjw;fhf tPlikg;G
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis Kd;ndLg;gJld; mjw;fhf &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fL
P
nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
cs;@uhl;rp kd;wq;fis tYg;gLj;jy;
511. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis juKau;j;Jtjw;F cs;@uhl;rp
kd;wq;fspd; gad;ghl;bw;fhf
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

&gh

1>500

kpy;ypaid

xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;F

ehd;

tpN~l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;
512. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
mz;ikapy;
];jhgpf;fg;gl;l
tpN~l
xg;gilg;Gf;fSf;fhd &gh 150 kpy;ypad;fis ehd; xJf;fPL nra;fpd;Nwd;.
513. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tpN~lkhf ,t;turhq;fkhdJ Njrpa xUkpj;j xU
murhq;fkhf ];jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;sikapdhy; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; midtUk; Ml;rpg;
nghwpKiwapy;
jPtpukhf
<LglNtz;Lk;
vd;gNj
Nkd;ik
jq;fpa
[dhjpgjp
mth;fspdJk; kw;Wk; nfsut gpujkh; mth;fspdJk; Nehf;fhFk;. Xt;nthU ghuhSkd;w
cWg;gpdUf;Fk; &gh 15 kpy;ypad;fs; tPjk; gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;l tuT nryTj;
jpl;lj;jpid
mjpfhpg;gjw;F
mth;fSk;
kpf
Mh;tkhf
cs;sdh;.
vdNt>
,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 3>375 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
fiy kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuk;
514. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehk; vkJ vjph;fhy re;jjpapdhpd; eyd; fUjp vkJ
fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; Gujhd ,lq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjpy; vk;ik mh;g;gzpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.
mNj Ntis> vkJ murhq;fKk; cs;ehl;Lf; fiyfs; kw;Wk; iftpidg; nghUl;fis
100

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;>
mh;g;gzpj;Js;sJ.

mj;jpwikfis

rh;tNjr

hPjpahf

fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;

jd;id

515. ghlfh;fs;> ebfh;fs;> Nghd;w vkJ tho;fi

; ff;F kfpo;r;rpiaAk;> th;zj;ijAk; ms;spj;
jUNthh; tpN~lkhf KJik mile;jjd; gpd;dh; kd mOj;j epiyikfSf;F
cs;shtjid
ehDk;
czh;e;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;.
vkJ
murhq;fk;
mt;thwhd
fiyQh;fSf;fhf jdpahh; gq;fspg;G Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lnkhd;;wpid ];jhgpf;f cs;sNjhL>
,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 15 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
tpisahl;Lj; Jiw
516. nfsut
rghehafh;
mth;fNs>
rh;tNjr
tpisahl;Lg;
Nghl;bfspy;
vkJ
nrayhw;WifahdJ gbg;gbahf rPuope;J NghAs;sJ. ,d;W> vkJ tpisahl;Lj; Jiw
njhlh;ghd
epWtdq;fs;
kw;Wk;>;
fofq;fSf;Fs;>;
murpay;
xOFtjdhy;
nraw;ghl;bid ,oe;Js;sd. vdNt> vkJ ehl;bd; tpisahl;L mgptpUj;jpf;Fj;
jilahfTs;s ,e;epiyikapid khw;Wtjpy; ehk; vk;ik mh;g;gzpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.
517. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ehL rpwpa xU ehlhf tpsq;fpdhYk; $l> vkf;F
tpisahl;Lf;fspy;
kfj;jhd
jpwikfisf;
nfhz;l
Mz;fSk;>
ngz;fSk;;
,Uf;fpd;wdh;. MapDk;> ,sk; tajpid cila jpwik tha;e;j tpisahl;L
tPuu;fisAk;> tPuhq;fidfisAk; ,dq; fhz;gjw;fhd nghUj;jkhd xU nghwpKiw
,y;yhikahdJ vkJ Jujph;~;lkhFk;. ,t;thwhd; jpwd;fisf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;Fk;>
,dq;fhz;gjw;Fk; xU Kiwikapid mwpKfg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ jhd;
vjph;fhyj;jpy; rh;tNjr tpisahl;Lf;fspy; vkJ Njrpa nfhbia cah;j;jf; $ba
tpisahl;L tPuu;fisAk; tPuhq;fidfisAk; cUthf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ehd;
njhlh;Gila Fwpg;gpl;l gq;Nfw;ghsh;fsplk; xd;wpize;J tUkhWk;> ,k;kfj;jhd
gzpia Nehf;fp jkJ gzpiaj; njhlUkhWk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,k;Kaw;rpapy;>
rfy Njrpa ghij> kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lf; fsq;fs;> kw;Wk; rpy mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l njhpT
nra;ag;gl;l rh;tNjr Nghl;bfspy; fye;J nfhs;Sk; xU rpy Vida gug;Gfspd;
tpisahl;L tPuh;fs;> tPuhq;fidfs;> gapw;Wdh;fSf;fhd nkhj;jr; nrytPdKk;
murhq;fj;jpdhy; Vw;fg;gLk;.
518. gpd; jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fs; gapw;rp cs;slq;fshf gapw;rp trjpfis ];jhgpj;Jf;
nfhLf;FkhW jdpahh; Jiwia Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F mur fhzpapidAk;;> rYif
mbg;gilapyhd fld; trjpfisAk; xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
519. tpisahl;Lf;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l vkJ mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fSld;>
vkJ tpisahl;L tPuh;fs; kw;Wk; tPuhq;fidfisg; gapw;Wtpg;gjw;Fk;
rh;tNjr ju
epakq;fSf;F Vw;g jkJ jpwd;fis
miltjw;Fk;
ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rpfspy;
<LgLtjw;F ntspehl;L murhq;fq;fSld; fye;JiuahLkhW Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
520. vdNt> tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,wf;Fkjp thpfis ePf;Fk; mNj
Ntis> NkNy $wg;gl;l gpNuuizfSf;fhf &gh 1>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL
nra;fpd;Nwd;.
ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fs;
521. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehk; vjph;tUk; 2 tUlq;fspy; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Ntiy
mjpfhpg;G xd;wpid Nkw;nfhs;stpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mNj Nghy> vkJ jpwd;fsw;w kw;Wk;
miuj; jpwd;fis cila Gyk; ngaUk; njhopyhsh;fSf;F Mff; Fiwe;jJ 300
101

If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fis Fiwe;j khjhe;j Cjpakhfg; ngWtjw;F

vkJ
Copah;fSf;F Nfs;tpAs;s ntspehLfSld;
fye;JiuahLkhW ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiy tha;gG
; g; gzpafj;ij Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.
522. ,yq;ifapd; njhopyhsh;fSf;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpyhd Nfs;tp me;j ehLfspy;
fhzg;gLtij ehd; czh;e;jpUf;Fk; mNj Ntis> jpwd; Fiwe;j kw;Wk; jpwDs;s
njhopyhsh;fs; gw;whf;Fiwahf ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf mf;Nfs;tpapy; 20 rjtPjj;jpid
khj;jpuk; g+h;j;jp nra;af; $ba epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. vdNt> cs;ehl;bYk;>
ntspehl;bYk; ,t;thwhd rpwe;j rk;gsq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba rpwe;j njhopy;
tha;g;Gf;fisg;
ngw;Wf;
nfhs;sf;
$ba
tifapy;
jkJ
jpwd;fis
juKah;j;Jtjw;fhfj; njhopy;rhh; gapw;rp trjpaspg;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW
,isQh;fis Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.
523. mNj Ntis> njhopyhsh; xUtUf;;F &gh 15>000 Mf ,yq;if Ntiy tha;g;Gg;
gzpafj;jpdhy; Nrfhpf;fg;gLk; njhopyhsp xUtUf;fhd Kfth; fl;lzj;jpid
mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. rfy Gyk; ngaUk; njhopyhsh;fSk;> ehl;il
tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dh; mth;fisj; njhlh;G nfhs;s Ntz;ba jfty;fSld;
tq;fpf; fzf;F> fhg;GWjp cs;slf;fk;
Mfpadtw;wpidAk; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
524. Gyk; ngaUk; njhopyhsh;fSf;F fhg;GWjp nra;tjw;F
toq;Fk; fhg;GWjp Kfth;
epWtdq;fisj;
njhpT
nra;tjw;F
ntspg;gilahd>
Nghl;b
tpiykDr;
nrad;Kiwnahd;iwAk; Vw;FkhW ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
525. ,e;ehl;bw;F kj;jpa fpof;fpw;Fg; Gyk;ngah;ej njhopyhsh;fspd; gq;fspg;gpw;F khpahij
nrYj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;fhd gazj;jpid
ifahs;tjw;fhf
gz;lhuehaf;fh rh;tNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; th;j;jf hPjpahd Kf;fpakhd Ml;fs;
vd;w khpahijAld;;

kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;fhd gazj;jpid

ifahs;tjw;fhf

mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l ,U Fb mfo;T / Fb tuT fUk gPlq;fis nraw;gLj;JkhW ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
epiyNgwhd tsh;r;rpf;fhd cWjpahdnjhU xOq;F Kiwr; rl;lfk;
526. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> th;j;jfj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; ehk; mh;g;gzpg;Gld;
nraw;gLk; mNj Ntis> epahakw;w th;j;jf eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; juf; Fiwthd
nghUl;fspypUe;Jk;> NritfspypUe;Jk; cs;ehl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpahsh;fisAk;> kw;Wk;
Efh;NthiuAk; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Njitia
vd;gijAk; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

ehk;

ftdj;jpy;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;

527. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l moF rhjdg; nghUl;fs;>

,yq;ifapy; jahhpf;fg;gLk; my;yJ re;ijg;gLj;jg;gLk; moF rhjdg; nghUl;fs;
njhlh;ghf jw;NghJ ehl;by; ve;j xU epWtdKk; xOq;FKiwfis Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy.
vdNt> gy;NtW ehLfspypUe;J ,wf;Fkjpnra;ag;gLk; my;yJ ehl;bYs;s Neh;ikaw;w
jahhpg;ghsh;fspdhy; jahhpf;fg;gLk; moF rhjdg; nghUl;fis gad;gLj;Jtjpy; fLk;
gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;Js;sdh;. vdNt> moF rhjdg; nghUl;fisAk;> kw;Wk;
rhjdq;fisAk;
xOq;F
Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F
rl;lthf;fk;
xd;iw
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,ilf;fhyj;jpy;> MAh;Ntj moF
rhjdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf rfy moF rhjdg; nghUl;fSf;Fk; Mff; Fiwe;jJ
Mq;fpy nkhopapyhtJ rh;tNjr moF rhjd cs;sPLfspd; fiyr; nrhw;fSf;Nfw;g
102

(Nomenclature

Cosmetics

Ingrdients

(INCI)

gad;gLj;Jk;

cs;sPLfspd;

tpguj;ij

NkYiwfspy; mr;rpLkhW
Efh;Nthh; mYty;fs; mjpfhu rig th;j;jkhzp
mwptpj;jiy ntspapl Ntz;Lk;.
528. ghy; kh> moF rhjd cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs;> Nrhg;G kw;Wk; rhk;G Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d
,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; juj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;>
njhopy;El;gg; gjtpazpapdiu mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; ,yq;ifj; jueph;zaf; fl;lisfs;
epWtdk;> ifj;njhopy; njhopy;El;gtpay; epWtdk; kw;Wk; kUj;Jtg; nghUl;fs;
Muha;rr
; p Ma;T $lq;fs; gyg;gLj;jg;gLk;. Ma;T $l trjpaspg;Gf;fSf;fhf ehd; &gh
200 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;fpd;Nwd;.
529. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> epahakw;w

VfNghfq;fs;>

Ftpg;Gf;fs;>

gpuj;jpNaf

njhlh;Gfs;> tpiy eph;zaq;fs; Nghd;w th;j;jfq;fspd; Nghl;bj; jd;ikfSf;F vjpuhd

elj;ijfSf;fhd
re;ijia
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
Nghl;b
mjpfhu
rignahd;wpid ];jhgpg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,yq;ifapd; nraw;iff; Nfhs; tpz;ntsp
530. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,J tiu gad;gLj;jg;glhj
tpz;ntspahdJ> ntspg;gilahd
xg;ge;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.

nrad;Kiwnahd;wpd;

vkJ nraw;iff; Nfhs;

Clhf

rh;tNjr

hPjpahf

MilfSf;fhd rpwg;G tpw;gid epiyak;

531. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;iff;F chpj;jhd Milf; ifj;njhopyhdJ th;j;jf
,yr;rpidnahd;Wldhd Nfhjh xd;iw Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; xU rpy fk;gdpfSld;
,yr;rpidAldhd th;j;jfg; gazj;jpid Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. ,t;th;j;jfg; gazj;jpid
Kd;Ndhf;fp vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; Nehf;Fld;> ngah; gl;baYldhd xg;gplf; $ba
mstpyhd juj;ijf; nfhz;l ,yq;ifapy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l ,yq;ifapd; th;jj
; f
,yr;rpidia khj;jpuk; nfhz;l jiyapypUe;J fhy; tiuahd rfy ghpkhzq;fisAk;
cs;slf;fpa Milj; jahhpg;Gf;fis toq;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd trjpaspg;Gf;fSldhd
jahhpg;ghsh;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd th;j;jfr; rhtbfisf; nfhz;l epue;jukhd fz;fhl;rp
epiyak; xd;wpid nraw;gLj;Jk; Njitnahd;W vOe;Js;sJ.
532. ,e;epiyakhdJ
cs;s+h;
kw;Wk;
ntspehl;Lf;
nfhs;tdthsh;fSf;fhd
me;j
,lj;jpNyNa
nfhs;tdT
nra;tjw;fhd
trjpfisAk;>
kw;Wk;
cs;ehl;Lr;
re;ijfSf;fhd cj;juTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd xd;W $lf;$ba xU jskhf
tpsq;Fk;. vdNt> mur jdpahh; gq;Nfw;nghd;whf &gh 2>500 kpy;ypad; nrytpy;
gpuj;jpNafkhf cs;ehl;L Mil th;j;jfq;fSf;fhd nkhj;j kw;Wk; rpy;yiw rpwg;G
tpw;gid epiyankhd;wpid ];jhgpg;gjd; %yk; ,t;th;j;jfg; gazj;jpw;F cjTtjw;F
Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf murhq;fk; Fiwe;jJ 400>000 rJu mb jsg;gug;gpidf;
nfhz;l
rpwg;G
tpw;gid
epiyaj;jpid
eph;khzpg;gjw;fhd
Fj;jif
epyj;
Jz;nlhd;wpid toq;Fk;.
,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fSf;F vjpuhd fhg;GWjp
533. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j 12

khj

fhyg;gFjpapy;>

Gay;fspypUe;J

nts;sq;fs;. nts;sq;fspypUe;J epyr; rhpTfs; vd ,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fis khj;jpuNk

ehk; nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. caph;fspd; ,og;Gf;fs;> nrhj;Jf;fspd; Nrjq;fs;> Nghd;wd
103

Fwpg;gplf;fjf;f mstpy; fhzg;gl;ld. murhq;fk; mt;thwhd ,og;Gf;fSf;fhd

el;l<lhfTk;> ,k;Kaw;rpfis kPs; fl;likg;gjw;fhd MjuthfTk;> tUlhe;jk; ruhrh
&gh 500 kpy;ypad;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhd njhifia nrytspj;Js;sJ. MapDk;>
,g;nghwpKiwapy;>
mt;tdh;j;jq;fspdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;Fr;
nrYj;jg;gl
Ntz;ba el;l<Lfs; ,d;Dk; nrYj;jg;glhkYk;> kw;Wk; mt;thwhd el;l<Lfis
toq;Fk; nrad;KiwfspypUe;j jhkjq;fs; Nghd;wdtw;wpw;F toptFj;jd. ,t;thwhd
gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;gjw;fhf R+whtspfs;> Gay;fs;> nfhe;jspg;Gf;fs;> nts;sk;>
epyr;rhpTfs;> epyeLf;fk;> Rdhkp> kw;Wk; Vida ,aw;if mopTfs; Nghd;w
,d;Ndhud;d ,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fSf;F vjpuhf KO ehl;ilAk; ghJfhg;gjw;F ehd;
Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;tpaw;if mdh;j;jf; fhg;GWjp nkhj;jkhf $baJ &gh 10>000
kpy;ypad;fs; tiuapyhd Nrjq;fis cs;slf;FtNjhL> jdpg;gl;litfs; $baJ &gh
2.5 kpy;ypad;fisAk;> MAs; fhg;GWjpahdJ &gh 1 kpy;ypaidAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.
tpiyapd; ];jpuj;jd;ikia NgZjy;
534. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 2015 Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; 09 Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J
,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;wpy; ,Jtiu toq;fg;glhj kl;lq;fspyhd epthuzq;fis
toq;Ftjd;
%yk;
tho;f;ifr;
nryTr;
RikapypUe;J
ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpa
mNefkhNdhUf;F epthuzk; mspj;J mth;fSf;F Gjpa xU tho;it mspf;ff;
$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,f;FWfpa fhyg;gFjpapy;> ghy; kh> NfhJik kh> rPdp
cs;slq;fyhf
13
mj;jpahtrpag;
nghUl;fspd;
tpiyfisf;
Fiwg;gjw;fhd
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;ld. ngw;Nwhy;> kw;Wk; Brypd; tpiyfs; Kd;dh; xUNghJk;
,y;yhj
kl;lj;jpw;Ff;
Fiwtile;jNjhL>
jPh;itiaf;
Fiwj;jjdhy;>
xU
FLk;gj;jpw;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd
thfdq;fspd;
tpiyfSk;
tPo;r;rpaile;jd.
,e;epthuzq;fis
fhuzkhff;
nfhz;L
neLQ;rhiyfs;
thfdq;fspdhy;
epuk;gptspe;jjdhy;
rpukq;fSf;F
Kfq;nfhLj;jhYk;
$l>
,yq;ifapd;
FLk;g
nkhd;wpw;F thfdnkhd;wpid nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhf kfj;jhdnjhU tha;g;Gf;
fpilj;jJ.
tuyhw;wpy;
gjpaf;
$ba
mur
Copah;fspd;
rk;gs
mjpfhpg;G>
mjpfhpf;fg;gl;l r%h;j;jp nfhLg;gdTfSk; kw;Wk; toq;fg;gl;l Vida epthuzq;fs;
,yq;ifah;fs; iffspy; Goq;ff; $bagzj;jpd; mstpid mjpfhpf;ff; $bajhf
,Ue;jJ.
535. NkYk;> nghWg;Gf; $w Ntz;ba murhq;f nkhd;whf kf;fSf;F thf;Ff; nfhLj;jgb>
njhpTnra;ag;gl;l 11 mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fspd; tpiyfisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fehd; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mNefkhd czTg; nghUl;fspd; tpiyfs;

xt;nthU tUlKk; Vida khjq;fSld; xg;gPl;L hPjpapy; etk;gh; - brk;gh;
khjq;fspy; cr;rkl;lnkhd;wpw;F fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tpiy Vw;wj;jho;Tfis
Kfhik
nra;tjw;fhf
fle;j
Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy;
xOq;fhd
epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lnkhd;iw eilKiwg;gLj;jhikapdhy; ,d;W re;ijapy; mj;jpahtrpa
czTg;
nghUl;fspd;
tpiyfs;
Jhpj
Ntfj;jpy;
cah;tile;Js;sJ.
,e;epiyikia Kfhik nra;tjd; %yk; Efh;NthUf;F epahakhd tpiyapy;
czTg; nghUl;fs; toq;fg;gLtNjhL> cs;ehl;L tptrhapfisg; ghJfhf;Fk;
Nehf;Fld; cUisf; fpoq;fpw;F jw;NghJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU fpNyh cUisf;
fpoq;fpw;fhd tpN~l th;j;jfg; gz;lq;fSf;fhd thp 75 /= &ghtpw;Fk; 85
104

/=tpw;Fk;

,ilapyhd

vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

tpiynahd;wpidg;

mNj

Nghy>

xU

ngw;Wf;

fpNyh

nfhLg;gjw;F

nghpa

ntq;fhaj;jpw;F

tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpN~l thpia 25 &ghtpdhy; Fiwg;gjd; %yk;; xU fpNyh

nghpa
ntq;fhaj;jpid
85
&ghtpw;Fk;>
95
&ghtpw;Fk;
,ilapyhd
tpiynahd;Wf;F Efh;NthUf;F toq;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

NkYk;> gpujhd Efh;Tg; gz;lnkhd;whd cs;ehl;bNyNa cw;gj;j nra;ag;gLk; 400

fpuhk; ghy; kh gf;fl;nlhd;wpd; tpiy 295 &gh tiu Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> mjd; %yk;
cs;ehl;L

ghy;

kh

cw;gj;j;pahsUf;F

Vw;gLk;

el;lj;jpid

<L

nra;tjw;fhf

murhq;fj;jpdhy; 30 &gh khdpankhd;wpid toq;Ftjw;fhd eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.

mNj Nghy> Foe;ijfspd; Nghrhf;Fj; Njitfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L xU fpNyh
ghy; khit 100 &ghtpdhy; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 425 fpuhk; jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l kPd; jfuk; xd;wpd;

tpiyia 125 &gh tiu Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjd; gpufhuk;>
cs;ehl;L jfujj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l kPd; ifj;njhopiyg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf 425 fpuhk;
jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l

kPd;

jfunkhd;wpw;F

15

&gh

khdpankhd;wpid

cs;ehl;L

jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l kPd; jahhpg;ghsh;fSf;F toq;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,jd; %yk; Efh;NthUf;F epthuzk; mspg;gNjhL> cs;ehl;L jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l
kPd; ifj;njhopiy tpUj;jp nra;tjdhy; cs;ehl;L kPdth;fspd; kPd; tsq;fSf;F
cah;e;j tpiynahd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> kw;WnkhU mj;jpahtrpakhd czTg; nghUshd

nej;jypf;

fUthLfis

jdpg;gl;lth;j;jfh;fspdhy;

tpw;gid nra;ahjjdhy; Efh;Nthhpdhy;

nghpa

tpiy

tPr;nrhd;wpw;Fs;

cah;thd tpiynahd;wpidr; nrYj;j

Ntz;ba epiyik Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. yq;fh rnjhr epWtdj;jpdhy; nej;jypf; fUthL

xUfpNyh 380 &ghtpw;F tpw;gid nra;Ak; NghJ> jdpg;gl;l rpy;yiw tpahghhpfs;
nej;jypf; fUthL xU fpNyhit 800 &gh cah;e;j tpiynahd;Wf;F tpw;gid
nra;fpwhh;fs;.

,t;thW

ghhpa

mstpyhd

,ilj;jufh;fs;

,yhgj;jpid

mDgtpg;gjd; %yk; Efh;Nthiu f~;lj;Jf;Fs;shf;Ftij jLg;gjw;fhf xU fpNyh

nej;jypf;

fUthl;Lf;F

410

&ghthd

cr;r

rpy;yiw

tpiynahd;wpid

eph;zapg;gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

rhjhuz kf;fspd; kw;WnkhU mbg;gil czTg; nghUl;fspy; xd;whd gUg;Gf;;Fk;

,ilj;jufh;fs;

nghpaxU

tpiynahd;wpid

,yhgj;jpid

nrYj;j

itj;jpUg;gjdhy;

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106

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108

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109

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552. fle;j
tuT
nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy;
tpjpf;fg;gl;l
frpNdh
mDkjpf;
fl;lzk;
ePf;fg;gLtJld; #jhl;l tpahghuj;jpw;fhf tpjpf;fg;gl;l tUlhe;j mwtPL U[pNdh
tpahghuk; jtpu;e;j Vidatw;Wf;F 400 kpy;ypadhf mjpfupf;fg;gLk;.
553. ,ilf;fhy tut nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; mwpkfg;gLj;jg;gl;l nfrpNdh ifj;njhopy;
mwtPlL
; f;
nfhLg;gdit
nrYj;jj;
jtWk;
re;jh;gg
; j;jpy;
gzpg;ghsh;fSk;>
gq;Flikahsh;fSk; mjw;fhd nghWg;ig Vw;Fk;; tifapy; epjpr;rl;lj;jpidj;
jpUj;Jtjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
tup Cf;Ftpg;G
554. gy;NtW epWtdq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gl;l vOe;jkhdJk; cw;gj;jp jpwdw;w tupr;
rYiffis mit> njhopy; Kaw;rpahsu;fSf;fpilapy; Nghl;bj; jd;ikaw;w
epiynahd;wpid
cUthf;fpAs;sJ
vd;wtifapy;
mtw;iw
ePf;fptpLtjw;F
murhq;fk; Kd;nkhope;Js;sJ. murhq;fj;jpd; nghJthd murpiwf; nfhs;iff;F
nghUj;jkw;wjhd tupr; #onyhd;wpid ,J cUthf;fpAs;sJ. vdNt> VNjDk;
KjyPlL
; f;fhf toq;fg;gl;l rYiffs; epjp mikr;rpd; fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk;
Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mikr;rpdhy; ntspaplg;gLk;
xOq;Ftpjpfspdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;.
Nkhl;lhu; thfd tupfSf;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;
555. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> ehl;by; ,d;W 6 kpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;gl;l thfdq;fs;
NritapYs;sjhf
mwpf;iffs;
njuptpf;fpd;wd.
,jdhy;
tPjp
tpgj;JfSk;
mjpfupf;fpd;wd.
vdNt
ehk;
gazpfspd;
ghJfhg;gpid
ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; thfdq;fs; gw;wpa Rw;whly; fuprizapidAk; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
thfdq;fSf;fhd cw;gj;jp tup kPjhd myF tpfpjk;
556. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> tup Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fSf;fhd
ngWkjp kjpg;gPLfis Fiwj;Jf; fhl;Ltjd; %yk; tup Nkhrb nra;ag;gLtjhf
mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sjd;; fhuzkhf> KO trjpfSld; $ba jahupg;Gf;fhd
tpiyfis tup mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mz;ikapy; Gjpa kjpg;gPl;L Kiwnahd;W
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Kiwahf tup nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; tUkhd Nrfupg;Gr;
nrad;Kiwapid NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F fd nrd;wp kPw;wupid mbg;gilahff;
110

nfhz;L
cw;gj;jp
jPu;itapd;
tpfpjj;jpid
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,yFthd

mynfhd;whf

Rw;whly; el;G thfdq;fSf;fhd thp Cf;Ftpg;Gfs;

557. ehl;by; J}a;ikahd Rw;whly; xd;wpid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F murhq;fk; eltbf;iffis
vLj;J tUfpd;wJ.
#hpa rf;jp> i`w;wId; my;yJ `Pypak; %yk; KOikahf
njhopw;gLk;
thfdq;fSf;fhd
cw;gj;jpj;
jPh;itapid
2.5
rjtPjj;jpdhy;
Fiwg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
Nkhl;lhh; thfd chpj;Jr; rhd;wpjo;
558. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> ,t;tUlk; rdthp 29 Me; jpfjp rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l
,ilf;fhy tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;lthW tpahghu Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf
Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak; ,wf;Fkjpahsh;fSf;fhd Nkhl;lhh; thfd
,wf;Fkjpg; gjpT mDkjpg;gj;jpuf; fl;lzj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
vt;thwhapDk; ,J xU rPuhd thp vd;gjdhy; ngUkstpyhd
thfdq;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpapd; NghJ kpf mjpfsthd ed;ikapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s
KbAk;.
Fwpj;j chpj;Jf; fl;lzk; fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; xt;nthU thfdj;jpw;Fk;
thfd chpj;Jr; rhd;wpjo; xd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd thfd ,wf;Fkjp
fl;lzk; xd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,r; rhd;wpjohdJ
cs; ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLtJld; thfdk;
,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F fld; fbjk; xd;wpid jpwg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.

xd;wpid
Nkhl;lhh;

irf;fps; kw;Wk; Kr;rf;fu tz;bfSf;F &gh 2>000> Nkhl;;lhh; fhh;fSf;F &gh 15>000
Vida midj;J thfdq;fSf;Fk; &gh 10>000 Mf thfd chpj;J rhd;wpjo;
fl;lzj;jpid mwtpLtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
tUkhd chpkk; kw;Wk; Gifg; ghpNrhjid
559. khfhz rigfspd; tUkhdj;jpid mjpfhpf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ghijg; guhkhpg;Gr;
nryT kw;Wk; Rw;whly; nryT vd;gtw;Wf;F mikthf fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; tUkhd
chpkf; fl;lzk; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
,jw;fikthf 100 Kjy; 200
rjtPjj;jpw;F ,ilapyhd Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fSf;fhd tUkhd chpkf; fl;lzj;jpid
mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. Gifg; ghpNrhjid rhd;wpjOf;fhd fl;lzk;
&gh 5>000 ,dhy; mjpfhpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
thfd Gifr; rhd;wpjo;fis
toq;FtJ mjpfkhd Nrit toq;Feh;fs; cs;tUk; tifapy; Nghl;bj; jd;ikf;fhf
jpwe;J tplg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
gjpT nra;ag;glhj thfdq;fisg; gjpT nra;jy;
560. cs; ehl;by; nghUj;jg;gLk; rpy thfdq;fs; gy;NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhd Nkhl;lhh;
thfdj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gLtjpy;iy vd;gJ vkJ ftdj;jpw;F
nfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sJ.
mj;jifa thfdq;fis th;j;jf thfdq;fshapd; &gh
750>000 kw;Wk; Nkhl;lhh; fhh;fSf;F &gh 1 kpy;ypad; nrYj;jp 2016 khh;r; 31 Me;
jpfjpastpy;
jkJ
thfdq;fis
gjpT
nra;J
nfhs;SkhW
thfd
chpikahsh;fisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

111

561. ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpapid
rk;ghjpg;gjw;Fk;
ehl;by;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
thfdq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; mj;jifa thfdq;fis kPs; jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gl;ljd;
gpd;dh;; Vw;Wkjp nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
mNj Nghd;W> ,jd; %yk;
Nkhl;lhh;
thfdj;
jpUj;jk;
njhlh;ghd
Gjpa
njhopy;
tha;g;Gfis
cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,j; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; xt;nthU
Vw;WkjpahshpdhYk; Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gLk; xt;nthU 20 thfdq;fSf;Fk; 50 rjtPj
thp tpjpg;gdtpid xt;nthU Nkhl;lhh; fhh; ,wf;Fkjpapd; NghJk; toq;Ftjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. gad;gLj;jg;gl;l fhh;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fis
fz;lwpAkhWk; mtw;wpid kPsg;GJg;gpj;jypd; gpd;dh; Vw;Wkjp nra;tjw;Fk; Vw;Wkjp
nra;tjw;Fk; jdpahh; Jiwaplk; ehd; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLf;fpd;Nwd;.
562. Vy
tpw;gid
nra;ag;gl
KbAkhd
tpNrl
thfd
,yf;fj;
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

jfLfis

rYif mbg;gil mDkjpg;gj;jpuj; jpl;lk;.

563. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> rYif mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gLk; thfd mDkjpg;
gj;jpuq;fs; murpay; kag;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; gpioahfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J
tUlk; xd;Wf;F 80 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfkhd tUkhd ,og;gpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; cs;slq;fshf gy;NtW jpl;lq;fspd; fPo; toq;fg;gl;l
thfd mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fs; midj;ijAk; ,y;yhjhf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
NkYk; ,j;jpl;lk; 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpf;F gpd;dh; murhq;f Nritapy; Nrh;j;Jf;
nfhs;sg;gLgth;fSf;F
Vw;Gilajhf
khl;lhJ.
murhq;fj;Jf;fhf
nfhs;tdT
nra;ag;gLk; midj;J thfdq;fSk; thp tpjpg;gdTfSf;Fl;gLtJld; mjw;fhd
xJf;fPLfs; tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gLk;.
fld; ml;ilfSf;fhd Kj;jpiuj; jPh;itapidf; Fiwj;jy;
564. fld; ml;ilapidg; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nfhs;tdTf;fhf jw;nghOJ 1.5
rjtPj Kj;jpiuj; jPh;it mwtplg;gLfpwJ.
cs;ehl;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
nfhs;tdTf;fhd fld; ml;ilfs; kPjhd Kj;jpiuj; jPh;itapid ePf;Ftjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhoptJld; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;tdTf;fhd Kj;jpiuj; jPh;it 2.5 rjtPjkhf
mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.
khspif thp
565. ,ilf;fhy tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l khspif thp njhlh;ghd
Vw;ghLfs; $l;lhjdq;fs; ePq;fshf njhlh;e;Jk; mKypy; ,Uf;Fk;.
Rq;fj;jPh;itf; fl;likg;gpidf; Fiwj;jy;
566. jw;nghOJ Rq;fj;jPh;itahf 4 mwtPl;L kl;lq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
mit; 0
rjtPjk;> 7.5 rjtPjk;> 15 rjtPjk;> 25 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; epiyahd cah; tpfpjk;
vd;gdNt mitahFk;. Vwf;Fiwa 7>000 ,iaG Kiwf; FwpaPLfspy; 50 rjtPjkhd
nghUl;fs; 0 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; 2 rjtPjk; khj;jpuk; 7.5
rjtPjkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
thpf;fl;;likg;gpid NkYk; ,yFgLj;Jtjw;F 7.5
rjtPj
kl;lj;jpid
ePf;Ftjw;Fk;
25
rjtPj
kl;lj;jpid
30
rjtPjkhf
mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
me;j tifapy; ,yq;if 0 rjtPjk;> 15
112

rjtPjk; kw;Wk;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

30

rjtPjk;

Mfpa

Rq;fj;jPh;it

fl;likg;gpid

khj;jpuk;

JiwKfk; kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mwtPL

567. eph;khzk;> ghw;gz;iz kw;Wk; tptrhaf; ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; jtpu Vidatw;Wf;fhd JiwKf kw;Wk; tpkhd
epiya mwtPl;bid 5 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 7.5 rjtPjkhf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
kJghdk; kPjhd thpfs;
568. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> kJghd thpapypUe;J ngwg;gl;l tUkhdk; 2015 &gh
100 gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. rl;l hPjpaw;w kw;Wk; fs;sr; rhuhaq;fspd; %yKk;
cw;gj;jp tUkhdj;jpid mstpLtjpy; fhzg;gLk; jtWfs; fhuzkhfTk; ,t;thwhd
njhifnahd;W murhq;fj;Jf;F fpilf;fhky; NghdJ.
cs;ehl;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l
kJghdj;jpw;F Vw;Gilajhd mNj eilKiwapid ntspehl;by; ,Ue;J ,wf;Fkjp
nra;ag;gl;l kJghdj;jpw;Fk; gpuNahfpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,g;Nghf;fpid
XusTf;F ntw;wp nfhs;s 2005 ,y; vk;khs; KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ. mj;jifa rl;l
hPjpaw;w kJghd ghtidapid vk;khy; Fiwf;f KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ vd;w tifapy;
NkYk; &gh 100 gpy;ypaidr; Nrfhpg;gJ njhlh;gpy; ftdk; nrYj;j KbAk;.
,e;
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tpNrl ];hpf;fh;
569. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> thp nrYj;jg;gl;l xt;nthU kJghd Nghj;jYf;Fk;
tpNrl ];hpf;fh;fs; xl;Ltjd; %yk; mj;jhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
thp nrYj;jg;gl;l
kJghd Nghj;jy;fis ,zq;fhd;gjw;F kJthp mYtyh;fSf;F ,J cjtpahf
,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j ];hpf;fh; jahhpg;ghsh;fs; murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;tdT eltbf;iffis
gpd;gw;Wtjd; Clhf rh;tNjr Nfs;tpg;gj;jpuk; NfhUtjd; %yk; njhpT nra;ag;gLth;.
,e;j
ntspg;gilahd
eltbf;;ifapid
mKy;gLj;Jtjd;
%yk;
xOq;F
tpjpfSf;Fl;glhj rl;l hPjpaw;w kJghdq;fs; Efh;NthUf;F nry;tjid jLf;f
KbAk;.
kJghd jahhpg;G chpikf; fl;lzj;jpid mjpfhpj;jy;
570. tbrhiy xd;Wf;fhd tUlhe;j jahhpg;G chpikf; fl;lzj;jpid &gh 150
kpy;ypadhf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk;
Nghj;jy; xd;Wf;fhd chpikf; fl;lz
KiwahdJ rpf;fyhff; fhzg;gLtjdhy;
kJghdj; jahhpg;ghsh;fSf;fhd tUlhe;j chpikf; fl;lzj;jpid &gh 150
kpy;ypad; vd;w xw;iw fl;lz Kiwnahd;wpid
tpjpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;
nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
kJghdj;jpw;fhd cw;gj;jpj; jPh;it ,d;W ey;yputpypUe;J
jpUj;jg;gLk;.
chpkk; toq;fy; jpl;lj;jpid ,yFgLj;jy;
571. jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; rpf;fyhd chpkk; toq;Fk; jpl;lk; ,yFgLj;jg;gLtJld; rpy
NghJ tpw;gidf;F Vw;Gilajhd tiuaiwfs; ePf;fg;gLk;.
113

nrYj;jNtz;ba Mff; Fiwe;j

572. tbrhiyfs; kw;Wk; kJghdj;
Fiwe;jJ &gh 200 kpy;ypaid
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F trjpahf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

kJthp
jahhpg;ghsh;fsplkpUe;J khjk; xd;Wf;F Mff;
kJthpahf Nrfhpg;gjw;F Njitahd Vw;ghLfis
kJthpf; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;

kJghdk; kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpj; jPh;itapid mjpfhpj;jy;

573. ,t;tUlj;jpd; nrg;njk;gh; khjj;jpy; kJghdj;jpw;fhd tpiy Nghj;jy; xd;W &gh 40
- 60 ,dhy; mjpfhpj;jJ. mj;jifa mjpfhpg;gpid xj;jjhf ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l
ntspehl;L kJghdq;fs; kPjhd thpAk; mjpfhpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j tifapy;
cs;ehl;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l kJghdj;jpd; tpiy mjpfhpg;Gf;Nfw;g ntspehl;L
kJghdq;fs; kw;Wk; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l <ijapy; kJghdk; midj;jpw;Fkhd
thpfis mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l ntspehl;L kJghd chpkk;
574. jw;nghOJ cs;ehl;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l kJghdk; 10 njhif yPw;wh;fs; khj;jpuk;
vLj;Jr;nry;tjw;F
mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
mNjNtis>
,wf;Fkjp
nra;ag;gl;l
kJghdq;fis vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F vt;tpj tiuaiwAk; mKy;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.
vdNt ,t;tplaj;jpy; cs;ehl;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l kJghdj;jpw;F Vw;Gilajhd mNj
eilKiwapid ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l kJghdj;jpw;Fk; gpuNahfpg;gjw;Fk; ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
gPb ,iyfs; kPjhd Rq;fj;jhP ;it
575. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 1990 fspd; Muk;gj;jpy; tUlhe;j cs;ehl;L rpful;
Efh;T 5>500 kpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;gl;ljhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
vt;thwhapDk; fhyj;jpw;F
fhyk; rpful; tpiy mjpfhpj;jJld; Rfhjhuj;jpw;F Vw;gLk; Mgj;Jj; njhlh;ghd
tpopg;Gzh;T nghJ kf;fsplj;jpy; mjpfhpg;gjdhYk; jw;nghOJ tUlhe;j rpful;
ghtid 3>000 kpy;ypadhf tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. ,jw;F khw;wkhf gPb ,iyfspd;
,wf;Fkjp gPb cw;gj;jpapy; tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. rpful; tpiyfs;
xt;nthU tUlKk; mjpfhpj;j NghjpYk;> gPb tpiy mjpfhpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
Gifapiyg; ghtidapid Cf;fk; Fd;wr;nra;Ak; tifapYk; Mff; Fiwe;j
tpiyapid jhgpg;gjw;Fk; gPb tpiyfs; kPjhd Rq;fj; jPhi
; tapid mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;
ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
NkYk; gPb jahhpg;G mDkjpg;gj;jpu fl;lzk; &gh 1>500
,ypUe;J &gh 5>000 Mf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.
gazpfs; mwtPl;bid mjpfhpj;jy;
576. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> gazpfs; mwtPl;bid 25 I.m.nlhyhpypUe;J 30
I.m.nlhyuhf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J fg;gy; kw;Wk; tpkhdg;
gazpfSf;Fk; Vw;Gilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. jpul;L epjpaj;jpw;fhd gazpfs; mwtPl;L
tUkhdj;jpd; gq;fspg;gpid jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; %d;wpy; xd;wpid %d;wpy;
,uz;lhf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

114

flTr;rPl;Lf; fl;lzk;
577. flTr;rPlL
; f;
fl;lzk;
mz;ikf;
fhyj;jpy;
jpUj;jg;gltpy;iy.
MapDk;
flTr;rPl;Lfis mr;rpLtjw;fhd nrytpdk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
,jw;fikthf xU
ehs; Nrit tpz;zg;gj;jpw;fhd fl;lzj;jpid &gh 7>500 ,ypUe;J &gh 10>000 Mf
mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
NkYk; ,ul;ilg; gpurh chpikf;fhd
tpz;zg;gf; fl;lzj;jpid &gh 250>000 ,ypUe;J &gh 300>000 Mf mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;
njw;fhrpa ehLfSf;fhd tPrhf; fl;lzj;jpid 20 I.m. nlhyuhf mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;
ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
tjptpl tPrhtpid mwpKfg;gLj;jy;
578. ntspehl;L KjyPl;bid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf %d;W tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F tjptpl
tPrhtpid toq;Ftjw;F 250>000 I.m. nlhyhpid fl;lzkhf mwtpLtjw;F ehd;
Kd;nkhoptJld; mikr;ruitapd; mq;fPfhuj;Jld; ntspehl;lth;fSf;fhd epue;ju
tjptpl tPrhtpid toq;Ftjw;F 5 kpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyhpid mwtpLtjw;Fk; ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
njhiyj;njhlh;Gfs; njhopy; kPjhd thp
579. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs rh;tNjr njhiyj;njhlh;Gfs; ,af;Fdh; fl;lzkhdJ
cs;tUk; rh;tNjr miog;Gf;fs;kPJ epkpl mbg;gilapy; xU epkplj;jpw;F I.m.
nlhyh;fs; 09 rjq;fs; fl;lzkhf mwtplg;gLk;. mj;njhifapd; xU epkplj;jpw;fhd
I.m.nlhyh; 03 rjq;fis khj;jpuNk ,af;Fdh;fs; jpul;ba epjpf;F toq;Ffpd;wdh;.
rh;tNjr njhiyj; njhlh;Gfs; ,af;Fdh; fl;lzj;ij I.m.nlhyh; 09 rjj;jpypUe;J
12 rjq;fshf mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;> mt;tjpfhpf;fg;gl;l KOj;njhifiaAk; jpul;ba
epjpaj;jpw;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;;.
Vw;Wkjpf; fk;gdpfspd; cs;ehl;Lr; re;ij tpw;gid
580. Vw;Wkjpapid ikakhff; nfhz;l KjyPl;L Cf;Ftpg;Gr; rigf; fk;gdpfs; mtw;wpd;
nkhj;j cw;gj;jpapy; 5 rjtPjj;jpid khj;jpuk; cs;ehl;Lr; re;ijapy; toq;fy;
nra;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.
fk;gdpg; gjpTf; fl;lzj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jy;
581. gjpT
nra;ag;gl;l
ngUk;ghyhd
fk;gdpfs;
njhopw;gLtjpy;iy
vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. mj;jifa fk;gdpfis njhopw;glf; $badthf khw;Wtjw;F>
gjpT nra;ag;gl;l fk;gdpfs; midj;Jk; khjk; xd;Wf;F gjpthshpdhy; mwtplg;gLk;
fl;lzkhf 7>500 &ghtpid nrYj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;;
jd;dhh;tf; fiyg;gpid J}z;lhjpUg;gjw;fhf fk;gdpfspd; jd;dhh;tf fiyg;gpd; kPJ
&gh 500>000 ,id mwtpLtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
582. 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J gjpT nra;ag;gl;l midj;J njhopy; Kaw;rpfSk;
jkJ cs;@uhl;rp rigfSld; tUlnkhd;Wf;F 100 &gh vd;w rhjhu fl;lzj;jpid
nrYj;jp gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Gjpa tpahghu njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; kpd;rhuk;
kw;Wk; ePh; ,izg;Gfs;> tq;fpfspypUe;J fld; trjpfspid ngwy; vd;gtw;Wf;F ,g;
gjpthdJ Kd; Njitg;ghlhf nfhs;sg;gLk;.

115

njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlf mwtPL

583. ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fpyk; ,izg;G nkhop vd;w tifapy;> jkpo; njhiyf;fhl;rp
ehlfq;fs;> jpiug;glq;fs; kw;Wk; tpsk;guq;fSf;F jw;nghOJ toq;fg;gl;Ls;s
tpyf;fspg;G
Mq;fpy
njhiyf;fhl;rp
ehlfq;fs;>
jpiug;glq;fs;
kw;Wk;
tpsk;guq;fSf;Fk; tpyf;fspf;fg;gLk; tifapy; tphpthf;fg;gLk;.
thp eph;thf kWrPuikg;Gfs;
cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsk;
584. ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; thp eph;thfj;jpd; jw;Nghja epiyapidf; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L> thp
eph;thf
kWrPuikg;G
kw;Wk;
Njitahd
etPd
kag;gLj;jy;
eilKiwfs;
vd;gtw;Wf;F
thpf;nfhs;if
kWrPuikg;ghf
thpKiwik
,yFgLj;jg;gl
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,g; gpd;dzpapy;> tpguj; jpul;Lf;fspid g+uzg;gLj;Jjy;> thpf;
nfhLg;gdTfs; Nghd;w Nritfis jd;dpaf;f ,iza trjpfspd; %yk;
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf tUkhd eph;thf Kfhikj;Jt jfty; Kiwikapd; (RAMIS)
Kjw;fl;lk; 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J gad;tYg; ngWk; tifapy;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
585. thp Nrfhpg;gpid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf midj;J tpahghuf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspYk; thp
nrYj;Jeh; milahs ,yf;fk; (TIN) my;yJ tpahghu gjpT ,yf;fk; (BRN)
vd;gtw;wpid fl;lhakhf cs;slf;f Ntz;Lnkd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
586. thp
tpjpg;gdT
Mizf;FOtpd;
ghpe;Jiufs;
kPsha;T
nra;ag;gLtJld;
eilKiwapid ,yFgLj;Jjy;> tphpthd thp mbg;gilapid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l
Fiwe;j thp tpfpjq;fspd; gpuNahfk; vd;gd kPsha;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba Kf;fpa
tplaq;fshFk;.
587. ehl;bd; vy;iyfSf;fpilapy; rl;lhPjpaw;w tpahghu eltbf;iffs; mjpfhpj;Js;sjd;
fhuzkhf> js mhpg;G kw;Wk; ,yhgkhw;wy; (BEPS) fhuzkhf ehl;bw;F rl;lhPjpahff;
fpilf;f
Ntz;ba
tUkhdj;jpid
ghJfhf;Fk;
rthypid
murhq;fk;
vjph;Nehf;fpAs;sJ. cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; khw;wy; tpiyaply; gphpT
gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l mYtyh;fs;> juTj; jsk; kw;Wk; khw;wy; tpiyaply; njhlh;ghd
gpur;ridfisj; jPh;g;gjw;F mtrpakhd Vida tplaq;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
Njitaw;w tPz; tpuaq;fisj; jtph;gg
; jw;F cs;ehl;L khw;wy; tpiyaplypid
eph;tfpj;jy; ,yFgLj;jg;gLk;.
588. gpuNjra
nrayf
kl;lj;jpy;
tUkhd
Nrfhpg;gpid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
eltbf;iffSk; vLf;fg;gLk;.
589. Mz;nlhd;Wf;F &gh 25 kpy;ypaDf;F mjpfkhd thp nrYj;Jk; jdpg;gl;l thp
nrYj;Jeh;fSf;F> tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; tpNrl gpuKff; fUkgPlk;> murhq;f
epWtdq;fs;
kw;Wk;;
itj;jparhiyfspy;
Kd;Dhpikf;
ftdpg;G>
mur
epfo;TfSf;fhd tpNrl miog;gpjo;fs;> nfsut rdhjpgjp kw;Wk; nfsut
gpujkUld; tUlj;jpw;F xUKiw ghuhl;L epfo;Tfs; Nghd;w tpNrl rYiffs;
toq;fg;gLk;. cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; thp nrYj;Jeh;fSf;F kjpAiu
Nritfs; toq;fg;gLtJld; jpwikahd mYtyh;fspd; %yk; rpwe;j cjtpf;
fUkgPlq;fs; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gLk;.

116

590. tUkhd
thp
tpguj;jpul;L
xUgf;f
Mtzkhf
,yFgLj;jg;gLtJld;
thp
nrYj;Jeh;fSf;F ,yFthd Kiwapy; g+uzg;gLj;Jtjw;F KbAkhf ,Uj;jy;
cah;e;j thp ,zf;fg;ghl;Lf;F fhuzkhf mikAk;.
591. thp njhlh;ghd rl;l Vw;ghLfis J~;gpuNahfk; nra;jy; kw;Wk; gpioahd
nghUs;Nfhly; vd;gtw;wpid jtph;f;Fk; tifapyhd rl;l Vw;ghLfs; Njitahd thpr;
rl;lq;fspy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

Kfhikj;Jtf; fl;lzk;; fhg;GWjpj; njhopw;Jiwf;F tiuaWf;fg;gLtJld;

jpwj;jth;fSf;Fr; nrYj;jg;gl;l Kfhikj;Jtf; fl;lzk; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLjYk;
Ntz;Lk;.

thpNrfhpg;G
kw;Wk;
thp
nrYj;Jeh;
,zf;fg;ghL
kw;Wk;
thp
cj;jpNahfj;jh;fis tYg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; cs;ehl;L ,iwthpr; rl;lj;jpd;
jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLfpd;w Fw;wtpay; njhlh;ghd fl;likg;G ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;sg;gLk;
tifapy;
Njitahd
,lq;fspy;
jpUj;jq;fSk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nrytpdq;fspy; %d;W klq;F Fiwg;ghdJ

njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; tpisT mgptpUj;jp fhzg;gLkhapd; khj;jpuk;
mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.

ntspehl;Lf; fld;fSf;fhd tl;b tpyf;fspg;G ntspehl;L tq;fpfs; my;yJ

epjp epWtdq;fspypUe;J ngwg;gl;l fld;fspd; tl;bkPJ tiuaWf;fg;gLk;.

thp tpLKiwf; fhyk; Kbtile;jjd;

tpyf;fspg;Gfs; ePf;fg;gLk;.

VNjDk; thpkjpg;gPl;L Mz;Lf;F kPsspg;Gf; Nfhhpf;if fhzg;gLkhapd;> mJ

njhlh;gpy; %d;W tUlq;fSf;Fs; cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
jPh;khdpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwpd;Nwy; mj;njhifahdJ vjph;fhyj;jpy;
nrYj;j Ntz;ba thpf; nfhLg;gdTf;nfjpuhf gjptspg;G nra;ag;gLtjw;F
mDkjpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

gpd;dh;

gq;F

yhgk;

kPjhd

rpy

thpr; rl;lq;fspd; kPs;tiuT

592. ehl;by; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; thpr; rl;lq;fs; ghuk;ghpa gphpj;jhdpa nfhs;iffis
mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l
vspjpy;
ifahsKbahj
rpf;fy;
epiwe;jjhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,yq;ifapy; thpf;nfhs;if xd;wpid nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
jilfshf rpf;fy; epiwe;;j thpr; rl;lq;fs; ,dq;fhzg;gl;ls;s. ,J gy;NtW
rpf;fy;fis
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJld;
thpf;
nfhs;ifapid
mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F
Kl;Lf;fl;ilahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
vdNt> njspthdJk; Kuz;ghlw;wJkhd
,yFthd thpr; rl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F Vw;w tifapy; thpr; rl;lq;fis kPs
tiua Ntz;ba Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
etPd thpKiwikf;F Njitahd
tplaq;fisf; nfhz;ljhd ,r; rl;l kWrPuikg;G thp nrYj;Jeh;fs; ,yFthf
tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F cjtpahf ,Ug;gJld; rl;lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; kaf;f
epiyikapdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s Xl;ilfis ,y;yhjhf;Fk; mNjNtis thp
epUthfj;jpidAk; tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
,e; Nehf;fj;Jf;fhf
rh;tNjr ehza epjpaj;jpypUe;J njhopy;El;g cjtpfis ehk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJld;
2016
,d;
,Wjpastpy;
,f;
fUj;jpl;lj;jpid
epiwT
nra;tjw;F
ehd;
Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

117

thpNkd;KiwaPl;L Mizf;FO
593. thpNkd;KiwaPl;L Mizf;FOtpd; RahjPdj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F eltbf;if
vLf;fg;gLtJld;> Nkd;KiwaPl;L eltbf;iffs; ,aw;;if ePjpf; Nfhl;ghl;bid
gpd;gw;Wk; tifapy; mike;jpUf;Fk;.
,yq;ifr; Rq;fk;
594. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhz;ljw;fpzq;f ,yq;ifr;
Rq;fkhdJ
nkhj;j
mur
tUthapy;
60
rjtPjj;
ij Nrfhpf;fpwJ.
vdNt Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;ijg; gyg;gLj;JtJ gpujhd
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; ngWfpwJ. mj;NjhL ,yq;ifr; Rq;fk; rh;tNjr th;j;jfj;Jf;F
trjpaspg;gjpy; gpujhd ebgq;if tfpf;fpwJ.
,e;j mbg;gilapy;; Vw;fdNt
,yq;ifr; Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; 24 kzp Neu Nrit mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
595. Vwf;Fiwa 80 rjtPjkhd vkJ ,wf;Fkjpg; nghUl;fs; Vw;Wkjpia ,yf;fhff;
nfhz;l cs;ehl;Lf; ifj;njhopYf;fhd cs;sPLfshFk;. ,t;thwhd KjyPl;lhsh;fs;
Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; rpf;fy;tha;e;j Kiwikfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L nghUl;fisAk;
cgfuzq;fisAk; Vida fUtpfisAk; ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak;NghJ xNu $iwapd;fPo;
Nritfis toq;Fk; epWtdnkhd;iw mikj;J mjD}lhf Njitahd mDkjpfs;>
tpLtpg;Gfs;> xg;ge;jq;fs; midj;ijAk; mtw;wpD}lhfr; nra;J nfhLg;gjw;fhd
xw;iw tiuTj; jsq;fs; epWtg;ggLk;. ,f; fUkq;fis tpiuTgLj;Jtjw;fhf chpa
jpizf;fsq;fspd; jfTila mjpfhhpfs; mjhtJ Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;
jpizf;fsk;> ,yq;iff; fl;lisg; gzpafk;> Efh;Nthh; mjpfhurig> cs;ehl;L
,iwthpj; jpizf;fsk;> th;j;jfj; jpizf;fsk;> fk;gdpfs; gjpthsh; jpizf;fsk;
Nghd;wit xNu $iwapd; fPo; epWtg;gLk;.
596. NkYk; Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J nghUl;fis tpLtpf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk;
Nrjq;fisf; Fiwj;J nraw;wpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Gjpa ];fhd; ,ae;jpuq;fs;
Rq;fj;
jpizf;fs
tpLtpg;G
gFjpfspy;
nghWj;Jtjw;F
eltbf;if
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,J Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; ek;gfj; jd;ikia
Nkk;gLj;Jk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj re;NjfKkpy;iy.
597. 2016 Mk; Mz;L [{d; khjj;jpy; ,Ue;J Rq;f eltbf;iffspy; kdpj <Lghl;bidf;
Fiwg;gjw;fhfTk; th;j;jf trjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;.
,wf;Fkjpr; Rq;fg;
gpufldq;fs; ,yj;jpudpay; Clhfr; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;. 2016 Mk; Mz;L [{d; khjk;
1 Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J jfT toq;Fk; mur Kftuhz;ikfs; Neubahf ,yq;ifr;
Rq;fj;Jld; njhlh;G gLj;jg;gLk;.
598. midj;J Rq;f tpLtpg;G ikaq;fspYk; CCTV fkuhf;fy; nghUj;jg;gl;L
mjD}lhf ntspg;gilj; jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;JtNjhL Coy; NkhrbfisAk;
xopf;f KbAk;.
2016 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J mKYf;F tUk;
gpizf;Fl;gl;l fsQ;rparhiyfs; Fiwe;jJ 50>000 rJu mbfisf; nfhz;ljhff;
fhzg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
jw;NghJ
Ngzg;gLk;
fsQ;rparhiyfs;
Nkw;gb
Njitg;ghLfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapy; tpahgpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
599. 2016 Mk; Mz;L rdthp khjk; 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; tifapy;
Gjpa
kjpg;gPl;L
Kiwnahd;iw
eilKiwg;gLj;jp
mjD}lhf
thfd
cjphpg;ghfq;fisAk; uah;fs;> jiuNahLfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; ngWkjpia Kiwahf
kjpg;gpLtjw;F eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.
118

600. 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J ,yq;if juk; Fiwe;;j nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp
nra;Ak; ,lkhf (Dumping ground)
khWtjidj; jLg;gjw;fhf ghtpf;fg;gl;l
ryit ,ae;jpuq;fs;> ghtpf;fg;gl;l njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfs; kw;Wk; ghtpf;fg;gl;l
ifj;njhiyNgrpfs; Nghd;wtw;iw ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjpypUe;J Kw;whfj; jil
nra;ag;gLk;.
601. 2016
rdthp
1
Me;
jpfjpapypUe;J
Rq;fj;
jpizf;fs
eltbf;;iffis
xUKfg;gLj;jTk; tUthiaj; jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; midj;J tsikahd
,wf;fkjpahsh;fSk; Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
602. jPh;itaw;w
filj;njhFjpfis
JiwKfq;fspYk;
tpkhd
epiyaq;fspYk;
elhj;JNthh; ntspehl;Lg; gq;fhsUld; Nrh;e;J mtw;iwf; nfhz;L elhj;Jjy;
Ntz;Lk;. mjd;gb cs;ehl;L th;j;jfh;fs; ,t;thwhd tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl tpUk;gpd;
ntspehl;Lg; gq;fhsUld; Nrh;e;Jk; ntspehl;lth;fs; cs;ehl;L gq;fhsUld; Nrh;e;Jk;
nraw;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
603. Vw;Wkjp kw;Wk; nfhs;fyd; khw;wpVw;wy; tpahghuj;jpYk; <LgLNthhpd; trjpfis
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf ghJfhg;ghd> tpiuthd> Kiwahd trjpfis mjpfhpg;gjw;fhfTk;
gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s ehLfspd; Rq;f mjpfhhpfis vkJ Rq;f mjpfhhpfNshL
ifNfhh;j;J nraw;gLkhWk; ehd; miog;G tpLf;fpd;Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l
ehLfSf;fhd
Vw;WkjpAk;
nfhs;fyd;
khw;wp
Vw;Wk;
eltbf;;iffSk;
Jhpjg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
604. ,d;iwa rh;tNjr th;j;jf eltbf;iffspd; Njitg;ghLfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L
eilKiwapYs;s Rq;ff; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf Gjpa Rq;fr; rl;lnkhd;W
tpiutpy; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;glTs;sJ.

tPjp tpgj;Jf;fSf;fhd fl;lzq;fs;

605. tPjp xOf;fk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. tPjp tpgj;Jf;fspd; Clhf Vw;gLk; caph;
,og;GfSk; nrhj;J ,og;GfSk; ehl;Lf;F kPsspf;fg;glhj gy gpy;ypad; &gha;fis
fpuakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
,e; epiyapy; tPjp tpgj;njhd;W Vw;gLk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy;
nghJr; nrhj;Jf;fSf;F Vw;gl;l ,og;Gf;fhd el;l<l;Lf;F Nkyjpfkhf 10>000
&ghtpid jz;lg;gzkhf tpjpg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.
Kjd;ik cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd Cf;Ftpg;Gfs;
606. 2018 Mk; Mz;bid v];ng];u]; $iwj; jfLfis Kw;whfj; jLf;Fk; Mz;lhf
mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp Vw;fdNt gpufldg;gLj;jpAs;shh;. vdNt 2018 Mk; Mz;lhFk;
NghJ Rw;whly; el;Gf; $iwj;jfLfisf; fz;Lgpbg;gJ mtrpakhFk;. vdNt rptg;G
fspkz; XLfisj; jahhpf;Fk; njhopw;Jiwf;F miuthrp thptpLKiw %d;WtUl
fhyj;jpw;F toq;fg;gLk;.
ijj;j Milfs; kw;Wk; ghjzpfSf;fhd ,wf;Fkjp thp
607. th;j;jf ehkk; Ngzg;gLk; cw;gj;jpfSf;Fk; cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpfSf;Fkpilapy;
rkepiyiag; NgZtjw;fhf ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l my;yJ cs;ehl;by; cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gl;L re;ijf;F tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk; ijj;j Milfs; kw;Wk; ghjzpfSf;F
cs;ehl;L
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119

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608. cs;ehl;L jahupg;Gf; ifj;njhopiy ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; kuf;fwp vz;nza;f;F
Vw;Gilajhd tpN~l Efu;Tg; ngUs; mwtPl;L tup Fiwf;fg;gLk;.
gd;;Kfg; gzpapyPLgLk; mYtyh;fs;
609. gpuNjr nrayfq;fspy; gzpGhpAk; gl;ljhhpfs; gd;Kfg;gzpapy; <LgLk; mYtyh;fshf
gzpf;fkh;jj
; g;gLth;.
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gpuNjr
nrayf
kl;lj;jpy;
murhq;f
thp
Nrfhpg;ghsu;fshf tpNrl gzpfspy; <LgLj;jg;gLtu;.
fld; ngWiffspd; tiuaiwfs;
610. mtrpakhd murpiwr; rl;lf ,izg;G IV ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2015 Mk; Mz;bd;
xJf;fPl;Lr; rl;l %yj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s 2016 Mz;bd; epjpahz;Lld; njhlh;Gila
fld; ngWiffspd; tiuaiwfs; ,izg;G II ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

KbTiu
611. vkJ ehl;by; cUthd Njrpa If;fpa murhq;fj;jpd; fd;dp tuT nryTj;jpl;l
ciuahdJ ey;yhl;rp kw;Wk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ik vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;> Njrpa
nghUshjhuf; nfhs;ifapy; xU Gjpa jpUg;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. vkJ Nehf;fq;fs;
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; cau; eLj;ju tUkhdg; nghUshjhuk; xd;iw cUthf;;Ftjw;fhd
vjph;fhyf; nfhs;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; mike;jitahFk;. ,e;j Kd;nkhopTfspd;
eyd; xU rpyUf;F khj;jpukd;wp ,yq;if kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; gue;J nry;Yk; vd
ehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. rdthp 29 Mk; jpfjp rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l E}W ehs;
Gul;rp Kd;nkhopthdJ NkYk; vkf;F nfsutj;ij Nrh;j;Js;sJld; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
milTfisAk; vl;bAs;sJ.
612. ehk; fle;j fhyj;jpy; ele;jtw;iw kwe;Jtpl;L vjph;fhyj;jpid Nehf;fp gazpf;f
Ntz;bAs;Nshk;. Gjpa ghpzhkq;fSlDk; cj;Ntfj;JlDk; ehk; vkJ Njrj;jpidf;
fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; ,uz;L fUj;Jf;F ,lkpy;iy.
613. mt;thW nra;tjw;fhd J}u Nehf;fpid ehk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. Njrj;jpidf;
fl;bnaOg;Gfpd;w J}u Nehf;fhdJ xNu rPuhdjhFk;. mJ gue;Jgl;ljy;y. vkJ
Kaw;rpfs; ehisa vjph;fhyj;jpid rikg;gjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mjpNjF
rdhjpgjp nfsut ikj;jphpghy rpwpNrd> nfsut gpujkh; uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f> vdJ
mikr;ruit rf ed;gh;fs; epjp mikr;rpd; nrayhsh; fyhepjp Mh.vr;.v];. rkuJq;f
kw;Wk; mtuJ mYtyh;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;j tuTnryTj;jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfspid epiwT
nra;tjw;F
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120

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jdpahl;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fspdhy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW ngWkjpahd
Kd;nkhopTfspid ehk; ,j;Jld; ,izj;Js;Nshk;. mj;Jld; mth;fs; ,jw;Ff;
fhl;ba rhjfkhd mf;fiwf;F ehd; ghuhl;Ljy;fisj; njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
jw;nghOJ ehk; ,e;j Kd;nkhopTfs; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
mh;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;glNtz;bAs;sJ.
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rf
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121

gpd;dpizg;G I

tUkhdKd;nkhopTfs; - 2016
Kd;nkhopTfs;

&gh.kpy;.

gq;Fg; gwpkhw;wy; ; mwtPl;bid ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;

(2,500)

epu;khdifj;njhopy; cj;juthjepjpamstPl;bid ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;

(1,800)

ciof;Fk; NghJnrYj;Jk; tupkw;Wk; jdpegu; tUkhdtupapidj; jpUj;jy;

(4,000)

jhgdtupapidj; jpUj;jy;

(6,000)

tl;bkPjhdgpbtupapidePfF
; jy;

(8,000)

Kj;jpiutupapidjpUj;jy;

(3,500)

ng.Nr. tupapidjpUj;jy;

(25,000)

Nj.f. tupapidjpUj;jy;

90,000

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75,000

10

nrhFRkw;Wk; miur; nrhFRthfdtupapid ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;

(1,500)

11

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30,000

12

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10,300

13

kJghdj; jahupg;Gcupkk; fl;lzj;jpidj; jpUj;jy;

14

Nkhl;lu; fhu;fSf;fhdcw;gj;jpjPu;itapy; myFtpfpjq;fismwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;

15

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2,000

16

njhiyj; njhlu;GmwtPl;bidj; jpUj;Jjy;

4,000

17

kpd;rhu>kpd;dpay; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpurhjdq;fSf;fhfJ.tp.m.mwtPl;bidf;

Fiwj;jy;.

(2,000)

18

Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fSf;fhf Gif ntspapLjy; fl;lznkhd;wpidmwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;

18,000

19

kJrhuk;>Gifapiykw;Wk; nfrpNd; vd;gdtw;wpw;fhf 25 %mjpAau;

tupnahd;wpidtpjpj;jy;.

2,000

20

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7,000

21

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3,000

16,000
223,000

nkhj;jk;

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122

20,000

gpd;dpizg;G II

nrytpdKd;nkhopTfs; - 2016

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59
60

Kd;nkhopT

&gh.kpy;

tpij cw;gj;jpapid Nkk;gLj;Jjy;

Rpwpa Fsq;fs; >ePu;ghrd fhy;tha;fis Gduikj;jy;
fsQ;rparhiyfis fl;Ljy;
Fsp&l;b miwfis epu;khzpj;jy;
kPd;gpb JiwKfq;fis tpupTgLj;Jjy;
Tptrha fhy;;eilfs; kw;Wk; kPd; gjdply; epiyak;
cs;ehl;L ghy; kh jahupg;ghsu;fSf;F trjpfis toq;;fy;
kPPd; tsu;g;G epiyaq;fisf; fl;Ljy;
kPd; tsu;g;G trjpfis mjpfupj;jy;
yf; rNjr Clhf jfuj;jpy; milf;fg;gl;l kPPdpid rYif tpiyapy; toq;Fjy;
,wg;gUf;fhd gpujhd jpl;lj;jpid nraw;gLj;Jjy;
njq;Fr; nra;ifapid kWrPuikj;jy;
Njapiy> ,wg;gu;> njq;F Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fis gyg;gLj;jy;
rPdp kw;Wk; gid Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fis gyg;gLj;jy;
thridg; nghUl;fisj; jug;gLj;Jjy;
fWth Muha;r;rp myF
fWth mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig
fWth gapw;rpg; ghlrhiy
Njrpa tpQ;Qhd kd;wk;
2500 nfhj;jzpf; fpuhkq;fs; epfo;r;rpj jpl;lk;.(; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;fhf
gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;l tuTnryT xJf;fL
P cs;slq;fyhf)
nghUshjhu tyaq;fisj; jhgpj;jy;.
Njrpa Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;
td rPtuhrpfs; ghJfhg;G
Ez;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;junjhopy; Kaw;rpahsu; fld; cj;juthj epjpak;
Kjd;ikf; ifj;njopy;fs;
nghUshjhuj;jpid b[ply; kag;gLj;Jjy;
Epy tq;fpapid jhgpj;jy;
Fpuhkpa tPlikg;G
ifj;njopy; jpwd; mgptpUj;jp epu;khzk;
Rw;Wsh jpwd; mgptpUj;jp
vk.I.rP.<khehl;L kz;lgk;
ghuk;gupa efuk; vd;w tifapy; fhyp Nfhl;ilapid mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
Epjp epWtd kPs;fl;likg;G epWtdj;jpw;fhd rk gq;F %yjdk;
rpNu~;l gpuirfSf;fhd tl;b khdpak;
,yq;if fzf;fPl;L kw;Wk; fzf;fha;T juhjuq;fs; ehza rigapid gyg;gLj;Jjy;
Kwp tpLtpg;G epiyankhd;wpidj; jhgpj;jy;
Mrpupau; gapw;rpepfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;.
Mrpupau;fspd; jpwd; mgptpUj;jp epfo;rr
; pj; jpl;lq;fs;
ghlrhiyfSf;fhd Jg;guNtw;ghl;L trjpfs;
ghlrhiyfSf;F kpd;rhuk; toq;Fjy;
Muk;gg; ghlrhiyfis juKau;j;Jjy;
1000 ,uz;lhe; jug; ghlrhiyfSf;fhf trjpfis toq;Fjy;
1360 ghlrhiyfSf;F mbg;gil trjpfis toq;Fjy;.
ngUe;Njhl;;lg; ghlrhiyfs; 25 ,id juKau;j;Jjy;
ghlrhiyfspy; tpQ;Qhdf; fy;tpapid Nkk;gLj;jy;
gw; Rfhjhu trjpfis Nkk;gLj;jy;
k`hnghy gy;fiyf;fofj;jpidj; jhgpj;jy;
Wifitrjpfs; kw;Wk; kbf;fzzp nfhs;tdTf;fhd cjtp
ngsj;j>ghyp gl;l Nkw;gbg;G epWtfk;
gy;fiyf;fof cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp
fzf;fha;tpay; jpwd; mgptpUj;jp
njhopw;gapw;rp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp
,isQu;fis tYT+l;;Ljy;
FUjp Rj;jpfupg;G epiyaq;fs;
nghyd;eWitapy; rpWePuf kUj;Jtkid
03 Gw;WNeha; kUj;Jtkidfisj; jhgpj;jy;
mEuhjGu>aho;ghzk; kw;Wk; FUzhfy kUj;Jtkidfis juKau;j;Jjy;
Rfhjhu cj;jpNahfj;ju;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;jy;
[atu;jdGu kUj;Jtkidapid jpUj;jpaikj;jy;
[atu;jdGu kUj;Jtkid jhjpau; glrhiyapid Nkk;gLj;jy;

123

1,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
750
100
1,000
100
100
300
100
250
200
100
150
50
50
50
50
21,000
200
2,000
1,000
500
2,000
10,000
500
4,500
500
100
3,000
500
10
1,500
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
10,000
15,000
30,000
250
450
250
3,000
300
500
6,000
30
3,000
3,000
6,500
2,000
3,000
3,000
250
1,500
2,500


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111
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113
114

Kd;nkhopT
gf;fthj Neha;; rpfpr;iraspg;G epiyaq;fis mikj;jy;
Gw;WNeha>; rpWePuf Neha; kw;Wk; nlq;F njlu;ghd Muha;r;rp
Gj;jhf;f KLf;fpapid cUthf;fy;
Edry epiyaq;fisj; juKau;j;Jjy;
Gyikr; nrhj;J cupikfs;
KjpNahUf;fhd Njrpa Nguit
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rpWtu guhkupg;ghsu; gapw;rfis mq;fPfupj;jy;
nghyp]; epiyaq;fisj; jhgpj;jy;
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nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; rk;gs Kuz;ghLfs; ePf;Fjy;
tiyaikg;G njhlu;ghly;fs; nghyp]hUf;F toq;Fjy;
yf; rNjr tpepNahf tiyg;gpd;dypid Nkk;gLj;jy;;
cs;ehl;L ,iwtup>kJtup>jghw; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; Njrpa nyj;ju; rig
vd;gdtw;wpw;fhf Gjpa fl;llk;
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tpNrl nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd mikr;Rf;fhd xJf;fPL
ntspehl;L JhJtuhz;ik NritapYs;s cj;jpNahfj;jufsJ gps;isfspd; fy;tpf;F
trjpaspj;jy;
A+iy NtiyepWjjw;fhuu;fSf;fhd xl;Lnkhj;jf; nfhLg;gdT
ePjpkd;w epUthfj;jpid Nkk;gLj;jy;
rl;l kWrPuikg;Gf;fs;
ePjpj;Jiw gapw;rp epUtdq;fis tYg;gLj;Jjy;
jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpid jutifg;gLj;Jfpd;w epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;
Kr;rf;fu tz;bfis vupnghUs; ghtidapypUe;J
; kpd; ghtidf;F
epiykhw;Wtjw;fhd tl;b khdpak;
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nfhOk;G-mtrhnts;s Gifapujg; ghij
g]; kw;Wk; Gifapujg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpid tpupTgLj;Jjy;>
aho;g;ghz Gifapujg; ghijapid Nkk;gLj;jy;
,e;J rKj;jpu fly; tptfhu $l;Lj;jhgdk;
ifj;njhopw; Ngl;ilfs; kw;Wk; tptrha njhopy;El;gtpaypid Nkk;gLj;jy;
tPjp tiyaikg;gpid mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
Nfhl;lh - fLtiy tPjpapid cau;j;jg; ngw;w tPjpahf;fy;
Nfhl;il EisT tPjp
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ahd; Xah fUj;jpl;lk;
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efu;Gw mgptpUj;jp
njd; khfhz mgptpUj;jp
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tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F mgptpUj;jp
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cs;Suhl;rp rigfis gyg;gLj;jy;
fiyQu;fSf;fhd gq;fspg;G Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd Muk;g %yjdk;
vf;]pk; tq;fpf;fhd Muk;g %yjdk;
tpisahl;Lf;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
,yq;if juhjuq;fs; epWdk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; njhopy;El;gtpay; epWtdk;
vd;gtw;iw gyg;gLj;jy;
,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fSf;nfjpuhd fhg;GWjp
nfhs;if tFg;G kw;Wk; gFg;gha;T
,yQ;r Coy; Mizf; FOtpw;fhd trjpfs;
ifj;njopy; tyaq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
el khLk; kUj;Jtkidfs;
N[.Mu;; [atu;jd kj;jpa epiyak; - nfhs;jpwd; mgptpUj;jp
ghuhSkd;w mYty;fis kPs;fl;likg;G nra;jy;
nkhj;jk;

Mf;fk; - Njrpa tuT nryTj;jpl;l jpizf;fsk;

124

&gh.kpy;
5,000
250
100
100
100
10
100
50
1,000
100
3,000
250
1,000
2,000
50
150
150
500
500
500
500
100
50
500
1,500
1,000
200
50
500
15,000
10,000
4,000
1,000
250
1,000
10,000
2,500
1,000
2,500
10,000
14,000
1,000
1,500
25
50
1,000
200
300
200
500
700
200
50
250
253,325

gpd;dpizg;G III
nkhj;jfld;ngWifNjitg;ghLfs; - 2016
(fzf;fPl;LnfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;fhdVw;ghLfs;)
tplak;

&gh.gpy;.

nkhj;jtUkhdngWifNjitg;ghLfs; - 2016

2,005

kPs; nfhLg;gdTfs; cs;slq;fyhfnkhj;jnfhLg;gdTfs;

3,389
5

Kw;gzf; fzf;Fnjhopw;ghLfSf;fhdVw;ghLfs;
ngWiffs; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdTfspy; fzf;FNtWghLkPjhdMgj;JVw;ghL

80

murcliknjhopy; Kaw;rpIe;njhifkPs;fl;likg;Gf;fhdKwpfs; toq;fy;

120

vjpu;ghuhg; nghWg;Gf;fs;

30

murhq;fg; gpizaq;fspd; Gj;jf/fhRg; ngWkjpjpUj;jk;

80

murhq;ffzf;Ffspy; gjpag;glNtz;bankhj;jfld; Njitg;ghL

649

mtw;wpd; nkhj;jgLfld; nfhLg;gdT

%yk; - NjrpatuTnryTj;jpl;ljpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; jpiwNrupnraw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk;

125

1,699

gpd;dpizg;G IV
tuTnryTj;jpl;lRUf;fk; (2012-2016)1,2
&gh.gpy;.
tplak;
nkhj;jtUkhdKk; khdpaq;fSk;
nkhj;jtUkhdk;
tuptUkhdk;
tUkhdtup
nghUl;fs; Nritfs; kPjhdtup
ntspehl;Ltu;j;jfk; kPjhdtup
tupay;yhjtUkhdk;
khfhz rig tupgq;FfSk; tUkhdkhw;wy;fSk;
khdpaq;fs;
nkhj;jnrtpdk;
kPz;nlOk;
kh.rigfs; cs;slq;fshfrk;gsq;fSk; $ypfSk;
kh.rigfs; cs;slq;fshf Vida nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs;
tl;b
cjTnjhiffSk; khw;wy;fSk;
murhq;fKjyPL
fy;tpAk; RfhjhuKk;
cl;fl;likg;G
Vida
tUkhdkpif(+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-)
Muk;gkpif (+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-)
t.nr.jp.kpif(+)/gw;whf;Fiw (-)
nkhj;jepjpaspg;G
nkhj;jntspehl;Lepjpaspg;G
ntspehl;LngWiffs; Njwpa
fUj;jpl;lkw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lfld;fs;
ntspehl;Ltu;j;jfk;
gLfld; kPs;nfhLg;gdT
nkhj;jcs;ehl;Lepjpaspg;G
tq;fpapy;yhjepjpaspg;Gfs;
jp.Kwpfs;>jp.cz;bay;>ntspehl;LKjyPL
tq;fpfld; ngWiffs;
tUkhdk; kw;Wk; khdpak;/nkh.c.c.(%)
nkhj;jtUkhdk;/nkh.c.c. (%)
tuptUkhdk;/nkh.c.c. (%)
tupapy;yhtUkhdk;/nkh.c.c. (%)
kh.r.tUkhdgfpu;Tkhw;wg;gl;ltUkhdk;/nkh.c.c. (%)
khdpak;/nkh.c.c.(%)
nrytpdk;/nkh.c.c. (%)
eilKiwr; nrytpdk;/nkh.c.c. (%)
tl;bapy;yhjit/ nkh.c.c. (%)
tl;b/ nkh.c.c.(%)
murhq;fKjyPL/nkh.c.c.(%)
tUkhdkpif(+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-)/nkh.c.c.(%)
Muk;gkpif (+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-)/nkh.c.c. (%)
t.nr.jp.kpif(+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-)/nkh.c.c. (%)

%yk; : murpiwj; jpizf;fsk;

1.
2.

khfhzrigfSf;fhdkhw;wy; tUkhdq;fSk; nrytpdq;fSk; cs;slq;fyhf.

cj;NjrtUkhdk; kw;Wk; nryptdk; cs;slq;fyhf.

126

2012

2013

2014

2015

1,118
1,102
909
173
520
217
143
50
16
1,607
1,181
386
135
408
251
444
46
398
-18
-80
-80
-489
489
181
365
235
130
-184
308
71
106
132
12.8
12.6
10.4
1.6
0.6
0.2
18.4
13.5
8.8
4.7
5.1
-0.9
-0.9
-5.6

1,204
1,188
1,006
206
572
228
132
51
16
1,720
1,256
432
104
444
276
481
56
425
-17
-68
-72
-516
516
68
179
187
-8
-111
448
95
56
297
12.6
12.4
10.5
1.4
0.5
0.2
17.9
13.1
8.5
4.6
5.0
-0.7
-0.8
-5.4

1,264
1,254
1,050
198
616
236
145
59
9
1,855
1,382
486
141
436
318
487
78
408
-14
-128
-155
-591
591
212
329
246
83
-118
380
252
1
127
12.3
12.2
10.2
1.4
0.6
0.1
18.0
13.4
9.2
4.2
4.7
-1.2
-1.5
-5.7

1,478
1,468
1,284
249
786
248
126
58
10
2,153
1,648
615
163
492
378
517
98
419
-12
-180
-183
-675
675
156
453
258
195
-297
519
110
90
319
13.1
13.0
11.4
1.1
0.5
0.1
19.1
14.6
10.2
4.4
4.6
-1.6
-1.6
-6.0

2016
t.nr.jpl;lk;
2,047
2,032
1,584
233
993
358
378
70
15
2,787
1,928
658
313
520
437
868
210
658
-9
104
-220
-740
740
183
519
309
210
-336
557
275
100
182
16.4
16.3
12.7
3.0
0.6
0.1
22.3
15.4
11.3
4.2
6.9
0.8
-1.8
-5.9

njhopy;El;gf; Fwpg;Gfs;
tuTnryTj; jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfs; 2016 thp eilKiw

tUkhd thp
jpUj;jq;fs;)

2006k;

Mz;L

10Mk;

,yf;f

cs;ehl;L

,iwthpr;

rl;lj;jpw;fhd

rYif tPj thp

1.1.1

tptrhak;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
fk;gdpapdhy;
ehw;Wf;fspd; mgptpUj;jp :

tpijfs;

kw;Wk;

cs;Shhpy;
tpUj;jp
nra;ag;gl;l
tpijfs;
kw;Wk;
ehw;Wf;fspy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fspd; kPJ nrYj;jj;jF
thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G5 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

[ gphpT 16 M jpUj;jg;gLk;]

nrhl;L ePHg;ghrdk;> gr;ira tPl;Lj; njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk;

caH tpisr;ry; tpijfs;:
nrhl;L ePHg;ghrdk;> gr;iratPl;Lj; njhopy;El;gk;kw;Wk;
caH tpisr;ry; tpijfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; fkgdpfspd;
tptrha ,yhgj;jpy; ,Ue;J nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50%
Fiwg;G 5 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gr;iratPl;Lj;
ePHg;ghrdk;
kw;Wk;
caH
tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

njhopy;El;gk;> nrhl;L
tpisr;ry;
tpijfs;

goq;fs; kw;Wk; kuf;fwpf; ifj;njhopy; :

goq;fs; kw;Wk; kuf;fwpfis jfug; nghjpg;gLj;jYf;Fg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
,ae;jpuk;
njhlHgpy;
Kw;gLj;jg;gl;l
Nja;khd tpLnjhif toq;fg;gLk;.

gphpT 25 kw;Wk; 34 jpUj;jg;gLk;.

1.1.2

Ez;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopw;Kaw;rpfspd; mgptpUj;jp

127

nfhOk;G gq;Fg; ghptHj;jidapd; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju

njhopy;Kaw;rpr; rigapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l rpwpa kw;Wk;
eLj;ju
njhopy;Kaw;rpfisNkk;gLj;jk;
nghUl;L
tHj;jfj;ijf; nfhz;L elhj;Jk; kl;lk; tiuapy; epjp
toq;Fk;
jdpahH chpikg; gq;F epjpak; my;yJ $l;L
Kaw;rp
%yjdf;
fk;gdpfSf;F
me;epjp
toq;fspy;
,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fspy; ,Ue;J nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50%
Fiwg;G 5 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

Fwpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;w

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;fhd (jw;NghOJ
,Uf;Fk; fk;gdpiag; gphpf;fhJ my;yJ kPlf
; l;likg;G
nra;ahJ)
nfhj;jzpia cUthf;Fk; rpwpa kw;Wk;
eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfspd; nraw;ghLfspy; ,Ue;J
tUk; ,yhgq;fspd; kPJ nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G
3 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfrpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rp

kw;Wk; $l;L Kaw;rp %yjdf; fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; chpikg;
gq;F
epjpaj;jpd;
nraw;ghLfis
milahsk;
fhzy;Gxqk<Kjvg<gh<hMl</!

1.1.3

ce;Jiff;Fhpa ifj;njhopy; Cf;Ftpg;G:cs;Shhpy; jahhpf;fg;gLk;

nrk;kz; $iu XLfspy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fspd; kPJ nrYj;jj;jF
thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G 3 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

1.1.4

Vida JiwfSf;fhd rYiffs;

ahNuDk; egnuhUthpdhy; fPo;tUk; nraw;ghLfs; nfhz;L
elhj;jg;gLk; nghOJ mjpypUe;J vOk; ,yhgj;jpd; kPJ
nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G 5 tUl fhyq;fSf;F
toq;fg;gLk;.

i.

KjpNahH my;yJ Foe;ijg; guhkhpg;igNehf;fpw; nfhz;L

rHtNjr rhd;wopf;fg;gl;l fw;if newpfis my;yJ gapw;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis
toq;Ffpd;w
VNjDk;
fy;tp
epWtdq;fshf ,Uj;jy;.

ii.

KjpNahUf;fhd tPl;L trjpfs; fl;Lkhdj;jpy; <LgLgtHfs;

iii.

mur
NritahsHfSf;F>
muRld;
,ize;J
myFfis epHkhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; tpw;gid nra;jy;.

tPlL
;

$l;lq;fs;>
Cf;Ftpg;Gfs;>
fUj;juq;Ffs;
kw;Wk;
fz;fhl;rpfs;
(MICE)
vd;gtw;Wf;fhf
tpNrlkhf
$l;bizf;fg;gl;l ahNjDk; fk;gdpnahd;wpdhy; mj;jifa
eltbf;ifapypUe;J
<l;lg;gLk;
,yhgq;fspd;
kPJ
nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G> mf;Fwpj;j fk;gdpapd;
tzpfr;
nraw;ghL
Muk;gpj;jjpy;
,Ue;J
3
tUl
fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

128

VyNtAs;s njhopw;rhiyia etPdkag;gLj;jy; Clhf

Vw;gLk; tphpthf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf 1.4.2016k; jpfjpapy;
,Ue;J
xU
tUl
fhyj;jpw;Fs;
Ntiytha;g;ig
cUthf;ff;$ba
fk;gdpfSf;F>
me;j
,iaghd
,yhgg;gFjp
%d;W
tUlfhyj;jpw;F
miuthrp
thp
tpfpjj;jpy; thp tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf tiuaiwfs; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLk;

vkJ
Njrpa
gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F
Muha;r;rpapy;
gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F
toq;fg;gl;l
mwf;nfhilfs;
Clhf>ehl;bd; caH fy;tpapy; Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;
gq;fhspahtjw;FMl;fis
Cf;Ftpf;Fk;
nghUl;L>
Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffSf;F fhzg;gLk;
Kf;fopg;gdTfs;
vkJ
Njrpa
gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F
toq;fg;gLk; mwf;nfhilfSf;Fk; ePbf;fg;gLk;.

epHkhzf; ifj;njhopy;
eilKiwapy; cs;s Nja;khd
tpLnjhiff;F
Nkyjpfkhf
fly;
kz;iz
Jha;ikg;gLj;Jtjw;F
mtrpakhd
,ae;jpuj;jpd;
iff;nfhs;sy; fpuar; nrythdJ> jfikf;nfhLg;gdthf
mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.

KjyPl;L Cf;Ftpg;G

1.2.1

Gjpa me;epar; nryhtzp Kfhikj;Jtr; rl;lk;:

ntspehl;L
%yjdq;fis
trjpaspf;Fk;
nghUl;L
Gjpa
rl;lnkhd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;. Njitahdtplj;J cs;ehl;L
,iwthpr; rl;lk;> mk;KjyPLfSf;Fk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L me;epar;
nrythzp
cs;tUtjw;Fk;
tUkhd
thp
tpyf;fspg;G
toq;Ftjw;F trjpaspf;Fk; nghUl;L jpUj;jg;gLk;.

1.2.2

gpui[ my;yhjtHfspdhy; my;yJ ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpfspdhy;

cs;tuT
mDg;Gifapd; Clhf gl;bayplg;gl;l fk;gdpfspy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; KjyPLfspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; gq;fpyhg
tUkhdq;fs; thp tpyf;fspg;Gf;Fl;gLk;.

1.2.3

gpd;jq;fpa gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;fhd KjyPlL

; r; rYif :
2015k; Mz;by; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l jw;Nghija rYiffSf;Fg;
gjpyhf Gjpa rYiffs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;;

Fiwe;jgl;rk; mnkhhpf;f nlhyH 10 kpy;ypaid KjyPlhff;

nfhz;l my;yJ 500 Gjpa njhopy;tha;g;Gffis (Gjpa C.Nr.ep
,yf;fq;fSld;)
cUthf;ff;$ba cw;gj;jpapy;
(kJghdk;
my;yJ Gifapiy jtpHe;j) my;yJ Nrit toq;Fjypy; <LgLk;
xH Gjpa fk;gdp
(jw;NghOJ ,Uf;Fk; fk;gdpiag; gphpf;fhJ
my;yJ
kPl;fl;likg;G
nra;ahJ)
gpd;jq;fpa
gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;
cUthf;fg;gLkhapd;> mjd; tpahghu eltbf;if Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l
jpdj;jpy; ,Ue;J 5 tUl fhyg;gFjpfSf;F nrYj;jj;jF thpapy;

129

50% Fiwg;gdT nra;ag;gLk;.

NkYk; njhopy;tha;g;G 800I tpQ;Rkhapd; Fwpj;j rYif 8

tUlq;fSf;Fk;>mJ fUj;jpl;l g+q;fhthapd; 10 tUlq;fSf;Fk;
ePbf;fg;gLk;.

[gphpT

59I> 59X
rYiffs; thpj;
ePf;fg;gLk;.].

kw;Wk; 59X tpd; fPo; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s thp

jpUj;jk; fhuzkhf mtrpakw;witapdhy;

1.2.4
gq;F ghptHj;jid rigapy; gl;baypLtjw;F> cs;ehl;L ,iwthp
rl;lj;jpd; fPo; fhzg;gLk; 50% Fiwg;G njhlHghf jw;NghJs;s
,Wjpj;jpfjpahd 01 Vg;gpuy; 2017 fPo;tUkhW ePbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. :
(i) nfhOk;G
gq;Fg;ghptHj;jid
rigapy;
gl;baypLtjw;F
tUlq;fs;; my;yJ
(ii) ntspehl;L gq;F ghptHj;jid rigapy; gl;baypLtjw;F
tUlq;fs; [gphpT 59< jpUj;jg;gLk;]

2
3

1.2.5

mur gq;Ffs; fhzg;gLk; ngUe;Njhl;lf; fk;gdpfspd; Njapiy

my;yJ ,wg;gH gapw;nra;ifapy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk;
tUkhdk; 01.04.2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J 2 tUl fhyg;gFjpfSf;F
thp tpyf;F mspf;fg;gLk;.

1.2.6

thp tpLjiyAk; tpyf;fspg;GfSk;

cghakhHf;f
mgptpUj;jpr;
rl;lkhdJ>
mj;jifa
rl;lj;jpd; fPo; rYiffs; fhzg;gLfpdw jw;Nghija
fk;gdpfSf;F gaDWjptha;e;j tifapy; njhlUk;. Gjpa
KjyPLfs; njhlHgpy; cghakhHf;fr; rl;lj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf
G
; jpa KjyPl;Lr; rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gLk;.

VNjDk; KjyPLfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; rYiffs; epjp

mikr;rhpd;
Nkw;ghHitf;Fk;
fz;fhzpg;Gf;Fk;
kpfj;jt
P pukhf
cl;gLtJld;>
mikr;rpdhy;
tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk; xOq;Ftpjpfspdhy; ghpghypf;fg;gLk;.
KjyPlL
; r; rig kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsk;
vd;gd toq;fg;gl;l thpr; rYiffspd; mKyhf;fk; kw;Wk;
trjpaspj;jy; vd;gd jtpu Gjpa thp tpLKiwfis
toq;fkhl;lhJ.
Vida khw;wq;fs; / jpUj;jq;fs;:

1.3.1

fhg;GWjp
ifj;njhopw;Jiwf;Fk;
tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

130

Kfhikj;Jtf;

fl;lzk;

Ma;T kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nryTf;fhd Kf;fopg;gdT njhopy;El;g

Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; tpisr;ry; mgptpUj;jp vd;gd epUgpf;fg;gLk;
gl;rj;jpy; khj;jpuk; mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.

1.3.2

[gphpT 25 kw;Wk; 92 vd;gd jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.3.3
ntspehl;Lf;
fld;fspd;
kPjhd
tl;b
tpyf;fspg;ghdJ>
ntspehl;L tq;fpfspy; my;yJ epjp epWtdq;fspy; ,Ue;J
ngwg;gl;l fld;fSf;F khj;juk; tiuaWf;fg;gLk;.
[ gphpT 9 jpUj;jg;gLk;]
1.3.4
thp tpLjiyf; fhyj;jpd; gpd;duhd gq;fpyhgk; kPjhd rpy thp
tpyf;fspg;Gfs; ePff
; g;gLk;.
[ gphpT 10 jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.3.5
01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; Muk;gpf;Fk; ahNjDk; thp
kjpg;ghz;Lf;fhd
thp
kPsspg;Gf;
Nfhhpf;ifahdJ
Fwpj;j
kPsspg;G Nfhhpf;ifapy; ,Ue;J 3 tUl fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; ,Wjpj;
jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;tpjk; ,Wjpj;
jPHkhdk; vl;lg;glhjtplj;J Fwpj;j kPsspg;G vjpHfhy Fwpj;j
thpg; nghWg;Gf;F vjpuhf vjphPPL nra;ag;gLk;.
[rl;lj;jpd; chpa Vw;ghLfs; jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.3.6

thp nrYj;JdHfs; kw;Wk; thpj; njhopy;GhpAdHfspd; thp

Nrfhpg;G
kw;Wk;
thp
,zf;fg;ghL
vd;gtw;iw
gyg;gLj;jtjw;fhfTk;: kw;Wk;
khw;wy; tpiy chpa mKyhf;fj;jpw;fhfTk;
jz;lid Vw;ghLfs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;.

1.3.7

tUkhd epHthfk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt jfty; Kiwikia

mKy;gLj;jtjw;F chpa jpUj;jq;fs; (mtrpakhd ,lq;fspy;)
$l;bizf;fg;gLk;.

1.3.8
AAT cWg;gpdHfisr; NrHj;jjd; %yk;gphpT 107,d; Njitf;fhf
tphpthf;fg;gl;l mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l fzf;fhsH vDk; gjk; &gh
100
kpy;ypaid
tpQ;rhj
Gus;T
vd
fzf;fha;T
gug;ngy;iyia tiuaWg;gjd; %yKk; mj;Jld;> eilKiwapy;
cs;s nghUj;jkhd xOq;FgLj;jy; KiwikAld; xj;jpirthf>
cs;ehl;L ,iwthpr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; gzpfis Kd;ndLj;jr;
nry;tjw;F mtrpakhd Gyikia njhlHGila mj;jdpegH
ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhH
vd
jpUg;jpg;gl;lthwhf
cs;ehl;L
MizahsH
ehafj;jpdhy;
mq;fPfhuk;
toq;Ftjw;fhd
Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; kPs;Nehf;fg;gLk;.

131

[ gphpT 107 jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.3.9

cs;ehl;LnfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs; kPjhd khw;wy; tpiy epHthfk;

,yFgLj;jg;gLtJld;>,ize;j nryTfs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sikia
ftdj;jpy;
nfhz;L
gug;ngy;iyia
tiuaWj;Jtplaq;fs;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLk;.
[ gphpT 104 kw;Wk; 104 m jpUj;jg;gLtJld;> chpa tHj;jkhdp
mwptpj;jy; ntspaplg;gLk;.]

1.3.10

&gh 25 kpy;ypad; my;yJ mjw;F Nky; thp nrYj;Jk;

jdpegHfSf;F
tpNrl
tug;gpurhjq;fs;
toq;fg;gLk;.
mt;thpg;gpurhjq;fs; njhlHgpy; xH tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jypd;
Clhf xOq;FgLj;jg;gLtJld;> Njitahd rl;l Vw;ghLfs;
$l;bizf;fg;gLk;.

1.3.11

tq;fp
kw;Wk;
epjpapay;
epWtdq;fspd;
xUq;fpizg;Gr;
nrad;Kiwapd;
fPo>;
fopg;gdT
Vw;fdNt
nrythf
fhzg;gLfpd;wikahy;>
tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; epjpf; fk;gdpfspd;
iff;nfhs;sy; my;yJ ,izTf; fpuaj;Jld; njhlHGila
MFnryTfs;
kPJ
jifikf;
nfhLg;gdT
epthuzk;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;likahdJ ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
[gphpT 34 gpd;Ndhf;fpj; jpUj;jg;gLk;.]

tUkhd thp eilKiwia ,yFgLj;jy;

tUkhd thpf; fl;likg;ig

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
(i)

,yFgLj;Jk;

nghUl;L

fPo;tUk;

Vw;ghLfs;

thp
tPjf;
fl;likg;ghdJ
,U
thp
tPjq;fSf;F
tiuaWf;fg;gLtJld; epak tPjk; 15% tPjkhfTk; kw;Wk; caH
tPjk; 30% tPjkhfTk; khw;wpaikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(m) gpd;tUk; ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk; tUkhdk; kPJ caH thp tPjk;

(30%) gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;fJ>:
ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;lk;
kJghdk;
Gifapiy
fhg;GWjp>
epjpf;
Fj;jif
kw;Wk;
njhlHGila
nraw;ghLfs; cl;gl tq;fpapay; kw;Wk; epjpj;Jiw.
- kbiiqh<H!nz<zK!Osju!upr<gz<! kuqIf<k!olik<k!lx<Xl<!
sqz<zjx!uqbiihvl<
Vida
midj;Jj;JiwfSk;
epak
tPjkhd
15%
tPj
thpf;Fl;gLk;;
-

(M) thp tpLnjhif tUlnkhd;wpw;F &gh

2.4 kpy;ypadhf
(khjhe;jk; &gh 2>00>000) mjpfhpf;fg;gLtjd; fhuzkhf jdpegH kPJ
gpuNahfpf;fg;glf;$ba tpUj;jpKiw thp ePf;fg;gLk;. mj;Jld;>
kpFjpj; njhifapd; kPJ epak thp tPjkhd 15%
tPjk;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;;

132

(,)Nkw;Fwpg;g;gpl;l
thp
Kiwik
ciof;Fk;
nghOJ
nrYj;Jk; thpia nrYj;Jtjw;Fhpa
CopaHfSf;Fk; kw;Wk;
RanjhopyhsHfSf;Fk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;.

(<) Gjpa thp tpLnjhif FWkl;lj;ijf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L>

jdpegHfs;> jHk jhgdq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; epajpr; rl;l tUkhdk;
kw;Wk;
thpkjp
tUkhdk;
vd;gdtw;wpy;
,Ue;J
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
fopg;gdTfs;
ePf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
vdpDk;>
tHj;jfk;> tpahghuk;> caHnjhopy; my;yJ tho;f;ifj;njhopy;
vd;gtw;wpy;
Vw;gLk;
el;lq;fs;
tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;ljhf
fopg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLk;;

(c) gpd;tUtdtw;iwj; jtpHe;j cs;ehl;L ,iwthpr; rl;lj;jpd;

gphpT 8,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ,yhgq;fs; kPjhd thp tpyf;fspg;G
ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ:

murhq;f CopaHfSf;F jpul;ba epjpaj;jpy; ,Ue;J

toq;fg;gLk; ,isg;ghw;wy; ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; xa;T+jpaf;
nfhLg;gdTfs;;
ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;gpd; %yk; <l;lg;gLk; me;epar;
nrythzpapyhd
ciog;G.
mJ
,yq;iff;F
mDg;ggg;gLkhapd; khj;jpuk;;
ntspehl;L Jhjufq;fs; kw;Wk; ,uh[je;jphpfSf;fhd
tpyf;fspg;G;
,isg;ghwypd; NghJ tpLtpf;fg;gLk; Nrkyhg epjp kPjp.
epge;jidfSf;Fl;gl;ljhf njhopy; ,og;G el;l<L

Vida midj;J gzk; kw;Wk; gzky;yhj ed;ikfs

(Copa ed;ikfshf fUjg;gl;lit) thpaw;w tpLnjhifia
tpQ;Rkhapd; tUkhd thpf;Fl;gLk;.

(C) xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l CopajUehpd; fPo; njhopy;GhpAk;

CopaHfspd; mk;Nkyjpf Copa tUkhdk; 15% tPjj;jpy; thp
tpjpg;Gf;Fl;gLk;.

(v)
gq;FlikahsH
rPuhf;fg;gLk;.

kPjhd

thpAk;

,jw;fikthf

(V) jw;NghJ tq;fp my;yJ epjpapy; epWtdq;fspdhy; gz

itg;GfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; tl;b kPJ mwtplg;gLk; 2.5% tPj
epWj;jp itj;jy; thp mfw;wg;gLtJld;> mJ me;egHfspd;
epajpr;rl;l tUkhdkhff; fUjg;gLk;.

(I) rpNu];l gpui[fSf;F(60 tajpw;F Nky;) tq;fp my;yJ epjpapy;

epWtdq;fspdhy; gz itg;Gf;fspd; kPjhd tl;bf;F
toq;fg;gl;l thp tpyf;F khw;wkpd;wpf; fhzg;gLk;
(x)

rl;lj;jpd;

133

gphpT

95d;

gb

ehl;bw;F

ntspNaahd

jdpegHfsJ itg;gpy; ,Ue;jhd tl;b tUkhdj;jpd; kPJ 15%

tPj epWj;jp itj;jy; thp gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;. vt;thwhapDk; >
,yq;if muRld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,ul;il thp jtpHg;G
xg;ge;jk;
xd;W
fhzg;gbd;
mt;nthg;ge;j
tPjk;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;.

(ii)

gphpT 7,d; fPo; rpy mikg;Gf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l

tpyf;Ffs;
kw;Wk;
gphpT
13,d;
fPohd
gy;ypd
tpyf;fspg;Gfs; ePff
; g;gLk;.

thp
thp

epWtd hPjpahd thp tpyf;fspg;Gfis mfw;Wjy;:

rHtNjr epWtdq;fspd; ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk; tUkhdk;

kPjhd thp tpyf;fspg;G VNjDk; fl;lz mwtPL my;yJ
VNjDk; NtW tifapyhd nghJ kf;fspd; gq;fspg;G
vd;gtw;wpy; ,Ue;J vOk; %yq;fspy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fs;
kw;Wk; tUkhdq;fs; jtpHe;j Vida ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk;
tUkhdj;jpw;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.;

mur jpizf;fsq;fs;> ntspehl;L muRfs;> gy;fiyf;

fofq;fs;>
$l;LwTr;rq;fq;fs;>
ehzar;
rig
cs;slq;fyhf ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> jHk jhgdq;fs;
(epge;jidfSf;F mika) kw;Wk; mur cjtp ngWk;
ghlrhiyfs; jtpHe;j Vida cs;ehl;L epWtdq;fSf;F
jw;NghJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; thp tpyf;fspg;ghdJ ePf;fg;gLk;.;
hz<zqe!uqzg<gtqh<Hgtqe<!fQg<gz<:

gQp<uVl<!uqzg<gtqh<Hgt<!fQg<gh<hMl<:

- -zr<jgbqEt<! WOkEl<! KjxLgk<jk! fqIli{qg<Gl<!

WOkEl<! okipqz<Lbx<sqobie<xqje! dVuig<Gl<! okipqzqz<!
-Vf<K!yV!NTg<G!wPl<!-zihl<!lx<Xl<!uVliel</!

- VNjDk; xU MSf;F tpisahl;L ikjhdk;> muq;fk;

my;yJ
tpisahl;Lg;
gy;njhFjp
vd;gtw;wpd;
epHthfj;jpy; ,Ue;J vOk; ,yhgk; kw;Wk; tUkhdk;.
- ahNjDk; ,yhgq;fSf;F ,ul;il thp tpjpg;G epthuzj;ij
toq;Ffpd;w>
,ul;il
thpj;
jtpHg;G
xg;ge;jj;ij
,yq;iff;Fk; kw;iwa ehl;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy; me;j
kw;iwa ehl;by; nrYj;jj;jF thpapd; kPJ my;yJ
mj;jifa ,yhgq;fs; my;yJ tUkhdj;jpy; mk;kw;iwa
ehl;by;
thpiar;
nrYj;j
Njitaw;w>
tYtpy;
nfhz;buhj,yq;iff;F ntspNa ,Ue;J VNjDk; xU
fk;gdp>
gq;Flik;
my;yJ
Ml;fs;
FOkk;
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
=yq;fd;
vaH
yad];
my;yJ
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
kpfpd;
yq;fh
jdpahH
epWtdk;
vd;gtw;wpd; tpNrl Ntz;LNfhSf;F mika mj;jifa
epWtdq;fSf;F
ahNjDk;
fzzp
nkd;nghUs;

134

gad;gLk;
njhlHgpy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
ahNjDk;
nfhLg;gdtpy; ,Ue;J vOk; ,yhgk; my;yJ tUkhdk;.

ngWkjp NrH thp

,yq;ifapy; cs;s VNjDk; JiwKfj;jpDs;> ahNuDk;

Ms; my;yJ gq;Flikahy; VNjDk; tpahghuj;ij
mj;jifa
JiwKfj;jpDs;nfhz;L
elj;Jk
NghJ>
toq;fg;gLk; VNjDk; Nritapy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgk; kw;Wk;
tUkhdk;.

,yq;ifapd;
VNjDk;
JiwKf
Kidapd;
nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd
VNjDk;
njhopy;Kaw;rpapy;
,Ue;J
ahNuDk; MnshUtUf;F vOk; ,yhgk; kw;Wk; tUkhdk;.

(2002k; Mz;L 14k; ,yf;f ngWkjp NrH thpr; rl;lj; jpUj;jq;fs;)

!
jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s xw;iw
tPjq;fSf;F khw;wg;gLk;.g+[;[pa tPjk;0%>

thp tPjk; fPo;tUkhW 3 thp fl;l

epak tPjk; 8%> caH tPjk;12.5%.

nghUs; Vw;Wkjp;> ntspehl;L ehzaq;fspy;

ntspNaahd NritfSf;fhd Vw;ghL 0%

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

ehl;Lf;F

Nritj;Jiw 12.5%
h{<mk<!kbiiqh<H!nz<zK!-xg<Glkq!.!8% (8% tPj cs;sPlL
; thp
tiuaWj;jYld;)

njhiynjhlHghly; cgfuzq;fs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> nrk;G tlk; cs;slq;fyhf

njhiynjhlHghly; Jiwf;fhd caHnjhopy;El;g cgfuzq;fs; ,wf;Fkjp
nra;jy; njhlu;gpy; jw;NghJ eilKiwapy;; thp tpyf;fspg;G ePff
; g;gLfpd;wJ.
nkhj;j kw;Wk; rpy;yiw tpahghuk; (jahhpg;ghsH
jtpHe;j)ngWkjp NrH thpapy; ,Ue;J jtpHf;fg;gLk;.

my;yJ

,wf;FkjpahsH

FWkl;lhdJ xH fhyhz;Lf;F &gh 3 kpy;ypad; my;yJ xU tUlj;jpw;F &gh

12 kpy;ypadhf kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.
Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; thp
thpapd; jpUj;jq;fs;]

[2009k; Mz;L 09k; ,yf;f Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk;

3
.
1

jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s Njrjijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; thp 4% tPjkhf

kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

3
.
2

fPo;tUtUk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; njhlHgpy; jw;nfhOJ fhzg;gLk;

tpyf;fspg;Gfs; ePf;fg;gLk;

3
.

njhiynjhlHG Nritfs;
kpd;rhu toq;fy;
cuha;T ePff
; p vz;nza;
jw;NghJs;s FWkl;lk; &gh 3 kpy;ypadhf kPs;jpUj;jg;gLtJld;> cs;ehl;by;
nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;l tpw;gidf;F jahHgLj;jg;gLk; tptrha cw;gj;jp
jtpHe;j
jw;NghJ
Vidatw;Wf;F
toq;fg;gl;l
tpyf;fspf;fg;gl;l

135

fhyhz;Lf;fhd FWkl;lkhd &gh 25 kpy;ypad; ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

gq;Fg; ghptHj;jiz
jpUj;jg;gLk;]

thp

[ 2005k;

Mz;L

5k;

,yf;f

epjpr;

rl;lj;jpd;

gFjp

II

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gq;F ghptHj;jiz thp ePff

; g;gLk;.

epHkhzf; ifj;njhopy; cj;juthj epjpa thp [2005k; Mz;L 5k; ,yf;f epjpr; rl;lj;jpd;
gFjp III jpUj;jg;gLk;]
01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J epHkhzf; ifj;njhopy; cj;juthj epjpaf; thp
ePf;fg;gLk;.

nrhFR kw;Wk; miur; nrhFR thfd thp [1995k; Mz;L 16k; ,yf;f epjpr; rl;lj;jpd;
gFjp II jpUj;jg;gLk;]
01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J nrhFR kw;Wk; miur; nrhFR thfd thp ePf;fg;gLk;.

ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;l thp

jpUj;jq;fs;)

(1988k; Mz;L 40k; ,yf;f ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;l thpj;

(i)

frpNdh fspahl;l tpLjpf;Fs; EioAk; NghJ jw;NghJ nrYj;j Ntz;ba

jdpegUf;fhd EioTf; fl;lzk; mnkhpf;f nlhyH 100 ePf;fg;gLk;.

(ii)

&[pNdh tpisahl;L tpahghuj;ijf; nfhz;L elhj;Jifapy; jw;NghJ

tUlnkhd;Wf;fhd tpjpg;gdT &gh 200 kpy;ypad; &gh 5 kpy;ypadhf
Fiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(iii)

frpNdh tpahghuj;ijf; nfhz;L elhj;Jifapy; jw;NghJ tUlnkhd;Wf;fhd

tpjpg;gdT &gh 200 kpy;ypad; &gh 400 kpy;ypadhf mjpfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(iv)

,ilf;fhy tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l xU jilt khj;jpuk;

nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;bapUe;j nfrpNdh ifj;njhopy; tapidr; nrYj;jhik
my;yJ nrYj;j jtWif njhlu;gpy; VNjDk; nraw;ghnlhd;W njhlu;gpy;
mt;tpahghuj;jpd; ,af;Feu;fs; my;yJ gq;Fjhuu;fis jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy;
nghWg;gpd; fPo; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf epjpr; rl;lj;jpidj; jpUj;Jjy

nghUshjhur; Nritf; fl;lzk;

fl;lzj;jpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;]

[2006k;

13k;

nghUshjhu

(ii)

jw;Nghija
ePf;fg;gLk;.

(iii)

thp tPjk; 0.25% tPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 0.5% tPjkhf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(iv)

01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J VNjDk; tUkhd thpf;F vjpuhf vjphPL

nra;ag;gLtjw;fhd nghUshjhu Nritf; fl;lzj;ij Kd;nfhz;L nry;yy;
fhykhdJ 5 tUlq;fspy; ,Ue;J 3 tUlq;fshf Fiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

caHe;jgl;r

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s
nghWg;ghd

&gh

thpj;

Nritf;

,yhgkPlL
; k; tpahghuq;fSf;fhd
ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
tUlj;jpw;fhd

jw;NghJ

,yf;f

(i)

136

Mz;L

120

jtpHg;G
kpy;ypad;

[ nghUshjhu Nritfs; fl;lzj;jpd; chpa Vw;ghLfs; jpUj;jg;gLk;.

kJthpj; jPHit

kJghd jahhpg;G mDkjpg;gj;jpuf; fl;lzk; kw;Wk; jPHit tPjq;fs; kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

kJthpj; (tpNrl jPHitfs;) jPHit

rYiffs; kw;Wk; thpffs; kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

Rq;fj; jPHit

jw;Nghija 4 miythpir ,Wg;gdTf; fl;likg;ghd 0%, 7.5%, 15% kw;Wk; 25% vd;gd
0%, 15% kw;Wk; 30% Mf jpUj;jg;gLk;.

fPo; tUk; tplaq;fSf;fhf Rq;fj; jPu;it jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gLk;:

gPb ,iyfs;> gPb> ijj;j Milfs;> ghjzpfs;> gpaH> itd;> tp];fp kw;Wk;
vjNdhy;
Tptrha kw;Wk; ghw;gz;iz ifj;njhopw;Jiw ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk;
cgfuzq;fs;>kw;Wk; kPdg
; pb tiy
tpisahl;L cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; rq;fPj cgfuzq;fs;
cy;yhrj; Njhzp> ftpif tz;b> fly; rWf;fy; cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk;
cy;yhrg; gazg; glFfs;.
kiw gl;baypy; cs;s rpy nghUl;fs; (jiuNahL> ntz;fsp nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
Fspayiw kw;Wk; kyry$l rhjdq;fs;) ;

njd;dhrp ahtpd; Rje;jpu tu;j;jf cld;gbf;ifapy; jPui

; t tup tpyf;fspg;G Kjw;fl;lk;
,yq;ifapdhy; 2015 etk;gu; khjk; 21 Me; jpfjp Kjy; G+uzg;gLj;jg;glTs;sJ

njd;dhrp ahtpd; Rje;jpu tu;jj

; f cld;gbf;ifapy;,yq;if2015 etk;gu; khjk; 21
Me; jpfjp tiu Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba jPu;it tup tpyf;fspg;G ,uz;lhk; fl;lk;
2015 etk;gu; khjk; 21 Me; jpfjp Kjy; G+uzg;gLj;jg;glTs;sJ
(20 etk;gH 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjp ngWk; tifapy; tPj khw;wq;fs; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;L
chpa tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy; ntspaplg;gLk;).

JiwKf kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jpf; fl;lzk; [ 2011k; Mz;L 18k; ,yf;f JiwKf
kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jpf; fl;lzr; rl;lj; jpUj;jq;fs;]
(i)
(ii)

JiwKf kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jpf; fl;lzk;; 5% tPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 7.5% tPjkhf
mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.
cy;yhrg; gazpfspd; nryT nra;jiy Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F rpy kpd;dpaj;jpudpay; kw;Wk;
kpd;rhug; nghUl;fspd; thp tPjq;fs; 5% ,Ue;J 2.5% tiu Fiwf;fg;gLk;.

137

(iii)

rpy ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fSf;fhf jw;NghJ gad;ghl;bYs;s 5%ePf;fg;gLk.;

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l thp tPj khw;wq;fs; njhlHghd chpa tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy; ntspaplg;gLk;

Rw;WyhmgptpUj;jp thp ePff

; g;gLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld;> N`hl;lfspd; tifg;gLj;jypd; mbg;gilapy;
jPHitnahd;W 1% tPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 3% tPjj;jpw;F me;j N`hl;ly;fspd; Gus;tpy; tpjpg;gdT
nra;ag;gLk;.
!
tpNrl EfHTg; gz;lq;fs; thp

cs;ShH ifj;njhopiy Cf;Ftpf;Fk; nghUl;L kPd; kw;Wk; kPd; cw;gj;jpfs;

,wf;Fkjp kPJ tpNrl EfHTg; gz;l thp tpjpf;fg;gLk;.
rpy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l EfHTg;nghUl;fSf;fhd thp tPjk; kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
ntspaplg;gLk;

thp

tPj

khw;wq;fs;

njhlHghd

chpa

tHj;jkhdp

mwptpj;jy;

nr];

nr]; thpia ePf;fy;: ngWkjp NrH nghUl;fspd; Vw;Wkjpia Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf

fWth> kpsF> Vyk; kw;Wk; rhjpf;fha; vd;gtw;wpd; Vw;Wkjp nr]; ePf;fg;gLk;.

nr]; tpjpg;gdT: cs;ehl;L ifj;njhopw;Jiwia

,wf;Fkjp kPJ 10% tPj nr]; thp tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf

Mguz

fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy;

rpy milahsk; fhzg;gl;l %jyPLfSf;fhd fhzp chpik khw;wy; fl;Lg;ghL

ePf;fg;gLk;.

fhzp Fj;jif kPjhd thp ePf;fg;gLk;.

[2014k; Mz;L
jpUj;jg;gLk;.]

38k;

,yf;f

fhzp

ifafg;gLj;jy;

rl;lj;jpd;

chpa

Kj;jpiuj; jPHit [2007k; Mz;L 12k; ,yf;f rl;lj;jpd; (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;)]

138

Vw;ghLfs;

(i)

cs;ehl;L fld; ml;ilg; gad;ghl;ilf; fUj;jpy;nfhz;L> fld; ml;ilg;

gad;ghL kPjhd jw;Nghija 1.5% Kj;jpiuj; jPHit (xt;nthU &gh 1000w;Fk;
my;yJ mjd; gFjpf;F &gh 15/-) ePf;fg;gLk;.

(ii)

ntspehl;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fld; ml;ilg; gad;ghL kPjhd Kj;jpiuj;

jPHit (xt;nthU &gh 1000w;Fk; my;yJ mjd; gFjpf;F &gh 25/-) 2.5%
tPjkhf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(iii)

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gq;Fr; rhd;wpjo; tpyf;fspf;fg;gLk;.

[ chpa thp tPj khw;wq;fs; tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jypy; ntspaplg;gLk;; 01 [dthp 2016k;

jpfjp my;yJ mjw;F gpd;dH gpuNahfpf;fg;gLkhW chpa thp tPj khw;wq;fs; tHj;jkhdp
mwptpj;jypy; ntspaplg;gLk;]

khspif thp [ 2015k; Mz;bd; 10k; ,yf;f epjpr; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp VIII jpUj;jg;gLk;]

(i)

$l;lhjd myFfs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fj;jF khspif thp mfw;wg;gLk;.

khspif thpapd; Kjyhk; jtizf; fl;lzk; 31 khHr; 2016k; jpfjpf;F Kd;dH

nrYj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

[2015k; Mz;bd; 10k; ,yf;f epjpr; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp VIII jpUj;jg;gLk;]

njhiyj;njhlHghly; tpjpg;gdTfs;

(i)

cs;tUk; miog;Gfs; kPjhd rHtNjr njhiyj;njhlHghly; ,af;FdHfs;

tpjpg;gdTfs; If;fpa mnkhhpf;f nlhyH 9 ,y; ,Ue;J If;fpa mnkhhpf;f
nlhyH 12Mf mjpfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(ii)

xU njhiynjhlHG NfhGunkhd;Wf;F
fl;lzk; mwtplg;gLk;.

(iii)

midj;J njhiynjhlHG gad;ghl;bYk; xsp miyf; fl;lisf; fl;lzk; 10%

tPjkhf mjpfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(iv)

rHtNjr njhiynjhlHG ghptHj;jid miog;Gf; fl;lzkhd 2% tPj nr];

fl;lzk; tpyf;fspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(v)

Nfgps; njhiyf;fhl;rpf; fl;lzk; 30% tPjkhf kPs;jpUj;jg;gl;lJ.

tUlnkhd;wpw;F

& 50>000/-Rw;whly;

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjp ngWk;.

Vida tpjpg;gdTfSk;; fl;lzq;fSk;

(i)

gPb jahhpg;Gf;fhd mDkjpg; gj;jpuf; fl;lzk; &gh 1,500/- ,Ue;J

139

&gh 5,000/-khf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J ntspNaWif fl;lzk; I.mnk.nlhyH 25

,Ue;J I.m.nlh 30-Mf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(ii)

(iii) xx
flTr;rPl;Lf; fl;lzk; kPs;Nehf;fg;gLk;.
-

xU ehs; Nrit taJ te;jtH &gh 10,000/xU ehs; Nrit rpWtH - &gh 5,000/toikahd Nrit taJ te;jtH &gh 3,000/toikahd Nrit rpWtH &gh 2,000/01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjp ngWk;.

(iv)

,ul;ilg; gpu[hThpikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tpz;zg;gf; fl;lzk;

&gh 250>000 ,Ue;J &gh 300>000khf mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lJld;> rhHf;
(SAARC) ehLfSf;fhd tprh fl;lzk; I.mnk.nlhyH 10 ,Ue;J
I.m.nlh 20Mf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(v)

ntspehl;L KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf ntspehl;ltHfSf;F Gjpa

tjptpl tPrh fllzk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;:
-

3 tUl fhyj;jpw;fhd tjptpl tPrh fl;lzk; I.m.nlhyH 250>000

kpy;ypad; MFk;. kw;Wk;
epue;ju jq;Fkpl tPrh fl;lzk; I.m.nlhyH 5 kpy;ypad; MFk;.
fk;gdp
gjpTf;
fl;lzk;: fk;gdp
gjpthsH
jpizf;fsj;jpy;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l xt;nthU fk;gdpAk; tUlhe;j mDkjpg;gj;jpuf;
fl;lzj;jpw;Fl;gLtJld;>
,f;nfhLg;gdT
fk;gdp
gjpthsH
ehafj;jpw;F nrYj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

(vi)

jdpahH fk;gdp
&gh 60>000
gl;bayplg;gl;l nghJf; fk;gdp
&gh 500>000
Vidait
&gh 100>000
( ,af;fj;jpy; ,y;yhj fk;gdpfs; cl;gl) kw;Wk;

(vii)

fk;gdp gjpTf; fl;lzk;: 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjp

ngWk; tifapy; jw;Nghija tPjk; kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

(viii)

fk;gdpapd; Ra fiyg;G : fk;gdpapd; Ra fiyg;gpd; kPJ &gh 250>000

tpjpg;gdT Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

(ix)

chpa cs;Shuhl;rp rigfspy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l midj;J tpahghu

epWtdq;fSf;Fk; tUlhe;j ngaustpyhd fl;lzk; &gh 100
tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

140

(x)

kpifthp: VyNt 40% tPjk; tUkhd thp tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j

Gifapiy> kJghdk; kw;Wk; ge;jak; kw;Wk; #jhl;lk; tpahghuj;jpy;
,Ue;J tUk; ,yhgj;jpd; kPjhd tUkhd thpg; nghWg;gpd; kPJ 25%
kpifthp 01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpf;Fk; VNjDk; thp
kjpg;ghz;by; ,Ue;J tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

(xi)

tPjp tpgj;JfSf;fhd mguhjf; fl;lzk;: tPjp tpgj;Jfs; njhlHgpy;

tPjp tpgj;Jf;F nghWg;ghd egH kPJ &gh 10>000 mguhjf; fl;lzk;
tpjpf;fg;gLk;.
mj;Jld;
mur
clikf;F
(ahNjDk;)
Nrjk;
tpistpj;jpUg;gpd; mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gLjy;
Ntz;Lk;.

(xii)

thfd kjpg;gPl;Lr; rhd;wpjo; fl;lzk;: 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy;

rhd;wpjiog;
,Ue;J>epjp
trjpaspj;jYf;fhd
kjpg;gPl;Lr;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd fl;lzk;
-

Kr;rf;fu tz;b/ Nkhl;lhH irf;fpy; - &gh 5>000/Vida thfdq;fs;

- &gh 25>000/gjpTnra;ag;glhj
thfdq;fis
31.03.2016k;
jpfjpf;F
Kd;dH
gjpTnra;tjw;F: mj;jifa thfdq;fis Nkhl;lhH Nghf;Ftuj;J
jpizf;fsj;jpw;F fPot
; Uk; tifapy; nfhLg;gdT nra;tjd; %yk;
gjpTnra;a KbAk;.

(xiii)

fhH/Ntd;
- &gh 1 kpy;ypad;
Vida thfdq;fs; - &gh 0.75 kpy;ypad;
thfd chpik toq;fy; fl;lzk;: Nkhl;lhH thfd ,wf;FkjpahsH;
gjpTf; fl;lzj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J
mKYf;F
tUk;
tifapy;>
fld;tuT
Mtzj;ijg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F Kd;dH> cs;ehl;L MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F
fl;lznkhd;W gpd;tUk; tPjq;fspy; tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

(xiv)

tif
-

Kr;rf;fu tz;b/ Nkhl;lhH irf;fpy;

Vida thfdq;fs;

thfdj;jpw;fhd fl;lzk;
- &gh 2>000/- &gh 15>000/-

(xv)

,yf;fj;
jfl;il
VynkLj;jy;:
jdpj;Jtkhd
tho;ehs;
KOtjw;Fkhd ,yf;fj;jfl;Lf;fhd xNu Kiwf; fl;lzk; &gh 2.50
kpy;ypad;.

(xvi)

thfdg; Gif thp

3 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; goiktha;e;j xt;nthU thfdj;jpd; tUlhe;j
mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ijg; GJg;gpj;jypd; NghJ gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; &gh
5000 nrYj;jj;jf;fjhFk;.

(xvii)

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjp Kjy;

fl;lzk; kPs; jpUj;jg;gLk;.

141

Nkhl;lhH

thfd

mDkjpg;gj;jpuf;

ijj;j Milfs; kw;Wk; ghjzp kPJ ,wf;Fkjp thpfs;

(xviii)
(i)

Vw;WkjprhH fk;gdpfs; (ngWkjp NrH thpr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpT

22(1)it ghHf;f) %yk; cs;ShH re;ijfSf;F tpw;gid
nra;ag;gLk; ijj;j Milfs; kPJ Rq;f thapypy; jw;NghJ
tpjpf;fg;gLk; ,ize;j thp Jz;nlhz;wpw;F &gh 200/- Mf
mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(ii)

Vw;WkjprhH fk;gdpfs;
tpw;gid
nra;ag;gLk;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;.

(iii)

Jzp kw;Wk; ntl;Lj; JzpfSf;F jw;NghJ

tpw;gid tPjk; mt;tpjNk fhzg;gLk;.

(iv)

Vw;Wkjp rhH KjyPl;Lr; rig fk;gdpfspdhy; cs;ShH

re;ijfSf;fhd
Vw;Wkjpj;
juj;jpyhd
nghUl;fspd;
tpw;gdTthdJ
nkhj;j
tpw;gdtpy;
5%
tPjj;jpw;F
tiuaWf;fg;gLtJld;> NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l thp tPj
tplaj;jpw;Fl;gLk;.

%yk; cs;ShH
ghjzp
kPJk;

re;ijfSf;F
mNj
tPjk;
fhzg;gLk;

tpkhd gazpnahUtUf;F rHtNjr tpkhdr; rPlL

; tpw;gidapd; NghJ
tpkhdr; Nrit kPJ I.m.nlhyH 2 tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

(xix)

njhopy;El;g jtWiffisj; jpUj;JjYk; kw;Wk; epHthf Vw;ghLfSk;

2006Mk; Mz;L 10k; ,yf;f cs;ehl;L ,iwthpr; rl;lk;> 2002Mk; Mz;L 14k; ,yf;f
ngWkjp NrH thpr; rl;lk;> 2009Mk; Mz;L 9k; ,yf;f Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; thpr;
rl;lk;> 2006Mk; Mz;L 13k; ,yf;f nghUshjhu Nritfs; fl;lzr; rl;lk;> epjp kw;Wk;
epjp (jpUj;jk;) rl;lq;fs;> 1988Mk; Mz;L ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;l thpr; rl;lk;> 2010Mk;
Mz;L 16k; ,yf;f jtWifapy; cs;s thp (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lk;> 2011Mk; Mz;L
21k; ,yf;f njhiyj;njhlHG mwtPl;Lr; rl;lk;> 2011Mk; Mz;L 18k; ,yf;f JiwKf
kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jp mwtPl;Lr; rl;lk;> 2011Mk; Mz;L 23k; ,yf;f thp
Nkd;KiwaPlL
; Mizf;FOr; rl;lk;> 1969k; Mz;bd; 1k; ,yf;f ,wf;Fkjpfs; kw;Wk;
Vw;Wkjpfs; (fl;Lg;ghl;L) rl;lk;> 2014k; Mz;L 38k; ,yf;f fhzp ( ghuhjPdg;gLj;jy;
kPjhd kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs;) 2008Mk; Mz;L 14k; ,yf;f cghakhHf;f mgptpUj;jpf;
fUj;jpl;lr; rl;lk; Nghd;w rl;lq;fspd; njhlHGila Vw;ghLfspy; cs;s njsptpd;ikfs;
kw;Wk; vjpHghuh tpisTfs; (nkhopngaHg;G NtWghLfs; cl;gl) Kjypatw;iw
rhpnra;tjw;Fk; ,iwthp epHthfj;ij rPuhf;Fk; Nehf;fpYk; mtrpakhd jpUj;jq;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
Kd;nkhopTfspd; gad;tYj; jpdq;fs;

NtW
tiffspy;
nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;:-

Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy

vdpy;

Kd;nkhopTfs;

fPNo

cs;sthW

tUkhd thp kw;Wk; nghUshjhur; Nritfs; fl;lzk; 2016 Vg;gpuy; 1k; jpfjpapy;
,Ue;J gaDWjpngWk;.

ngWkjp NrH thp> Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; thp>ge;jak; kw;Wk; #jhl;l thp

kw;Wk; fhzp (ghuhjPdg;gLj;jy; kPjhd kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs;)
2016 Idthp 1k;
jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjpngWk;.

nr];> JiwKf kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jp mwtPL> Rq;fj; jPHit>

cw;gj;jpj; jPHit (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) kw;Wk; tpNrl EfHTg; nghUs; mwtPL
vd;gd cldbahf mKYf;F tUk;.

142

143