History of stop

motion
Kayleigh MacIntyre

William George Horner

William George Horner was a British Mathematician and headmaster

who was born in 1786, and he created something called the 'zoetrope'
with intentions on teaching his students with it. This invention had a huge
impact on the animation industry as they were able to go on and develop
further ideas that images moving faster than we can register creates the
illusion movement.
What is the 'Zoetrope'?
It is a cylinder toy with a series of different pictures on the inside that
gives the illusion of movement when it is spinning and viewed through
the slits on the outside. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the
slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures
from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of
images, producing the illusion of motion.

What were the pros and cons of their

methods?
Pros:
- Because of how the zoetrope was
designed, the could be more then one
person who can look and use at the same
time.
- More convenient then say Plateau's
invention.
- Entertainment item, mainly for children
- Relatively easy way to create and view
animation.
Cons:
- Expensive to buy
- The animations do not last for very long.

Lumiere Brothers
The Lumiere brothers we the first filmmakers in History! and one of the most profound
pioneers in the cinema world. They patented the cinematograph contrast to Edison's
kinetoscope allowed viewing. by multiple parties. The Lumiresconsisted of a single
camera used for both photographing and projecting at 16 frames per second. Their
first films (1896) recorded everyday French lifee.g., the arrival of a train, soldiers
marching, the activity of a city street. Others were early comedy shorts. Augusta was
invited to a demonstration of Thomas Edisons Peephole Kinetoscope in Paris.
Augusta reported the device and its functions to the family, and they quickly went to
work on ways to improve the instrument. The brothers identified the two main
problems with Edisons Kinetoscope as its bulk and the issue of only one viewer
being able to observe the scene at a time. Solving the problems Edison encountered,
the brothers invented the cinematographer, a device combining a camera with a
printer and projection as well as the function to produce intermittent movement in
order to display motion pictures for an audience. The device was lightweight,
operated by a hand crank, and available for multiple viewers to watch at one time.
The brothers kept creating more motion picture and they also became the second
leading photographic company in the world. They created 40 films influenced pop
culture.

Joseph Plateau
He was a Belgian physicist. He was the first
person to demonstrate the illusion of a moving
image.
To do this he used counter rotating disks with
repeated drawn images in small increments of
motion on one and regularly spaced slits in the
other. He called this device of 1832 the
Phenakistoscope.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

The Phenakistoscope uses the persistence of
motion principle to create an illusion of
motion. Although this principle had been
recognized by the Greek mathematician
Euclid and later in experiments by Newton, it
was not until 1829 that this principle became
firmly established by Joseph Plateau.
The Phenakistoscope consisted of two discs
mounted on the same axis. The first disc had
slots around the edge, and the second
contained drawings of successive action,
drawn around the disc in concentric circles.
Unlike Faraday's Wheel, whose pair of discs
spun in opposite directions, a
Phenakistoscope's discs spin together in the
same direction. When viewed in a mirror
through the first disc's slots, the pictures on
the second disc will appear to move.

Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison rose to work as an
inventor of major technology, who was an
inventor of many things such as bringing
forth the electric light bulb, however he
also created a early filmmaking device
called the Kinetoscope, which was built
in 1891 and interest that came from
motion picture when he met photographic
pioneer Eadweard Muybridge.

What is the 'Kinetoscope''?

It is a device that allows people to view
motion pictures and was one of the first
devices widely developed and
distributed. The invention could be
considered as a landmark invention.

It's design was a closed cabinet where is

What were the pros and cons of their methods?

Pros:
- Less power to run (more efficient)
- Does not cost much
Cons:
- Was not entirely comfortable or convenient to use
- Linking sound to pictures was a challenge

would present a film or what other thing it

could have been like sports, news etc.;
you have to peer through a hale as the
film moved across some rollers and a
backlight would illuminate it.

Eadweard Muybridge

One of the things he did which is of special interest

to riders was to provide the first accurate
information about the gaits of the horse. This work
came about because in 1872 Leland Stanford, a
former governor of California and a racehorse
owner, hired him to help settle the question of
whether all four of a horses hooves left the ground
at the same time when it was in gallop.

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