161 Askiseis Sto Bolzano

To
olzano
Bernard Bolzano(1781-
Weirstrass.
Otto Stolz.
eisatopon.blogspot.gr)
BOLZANO
f(
x0
f(x 0 ) 0
f(x) 0
(,f())
f()
x x.
Cf
.
-
f()
xx
x0
x 0
A(,f())
y
f()
f()
.
x 0
x0
f
,
f()
.
x0
x 0
y
f()
2xx e x x
1.

0, 2 .
2x
f(x) 2x
f(0) 2 0 e0
0, 2

f 2
2
2

f(0)f 0
2
: f(x0 ) 0 2x0
2x
x 0 0,
2
0
x0
0
x0
x2 1 x3 1
0
x2 x 3
2.
2, 3 .
x2 1 x3 1
x2 1
x3 1
0 x 2 x 3
x 2 x 3
0
x 2 x 3
x2
x3
x 3 x2 1 x 2 x3 1 0
f(x) x 3 x 2 1 x 2 x 3 1
2,3
f(2) 22 1 0 , f(3) 33 1 0
f 2 f 3 0
0.
x2 1 x3 1
0
x2 x3
3.
f x x 4 x 3 2x 1
g(x) 3x 3 5x 3
x 0 0, 2 .
x0 0,2
f x0 g x0 f x 0 g x 0 0 .
h x f x g x x4 x3 2x 1 3x 3 5x 3 x 4 2x 3 3x 2 , x 0,2 .
0,2
h 0 2 0
h 0 24 2 23 3 2 2 4 0
h0 h 2 0 .
x0 0,2
h x0 0 f x0 g x0 0 f x0 g x0
4.
f
x f x f x x
f:
3
2x 6x 1
2
2 3 , ,
0,1 .
f x 0
f 3 0
x0
f 0
2
f 3 1
x 1
f 2 1

f 0 f 1 0
f 2 0
(1)
f 0 0 .
f 0 f 2 0
f x 0
(2)
f 1 0 .
0,1
0,1 .
f x x 3 x 2 x , 0 , 0
5.
f x 0
3 2 0
0,1 .

f x
f x
f x
f
2
f x 0
0,1
g x
0,1
g0
g 1
g 0 g 1 0
0,1 .
0, .
2ln x 3e x 1 0
6.
f x 2lnx 3ex 1 ,
0,1 .
lim f x lim 2lnx 3e 1
x 0
x 0
f 1 2ln1 3e 1 3e 1 0

f x0 0 2lnx0 3e x
x0
Bolzano
0
g(x) f(x) x , 0
f x 0
x0
A x 1, g x 1
B x 2 , g x 2
x 1, x 2 0,
AB / /x x .
g x1 g x 2 .
AB / /xx
x1,x2 0,
0,
g 0 f 0
h x1 0 g x1 g
g x1 g
h x g x g
x1 x2
g0 g
0,1
f, g : 0, 0,
x1 x 2
8.
1 0 .
7.
x1 0,
g x 0
Bolzano
f x 0

x1 0,
1 2 .
0,1
f,g
0,1
g
4
0,1
f f x x
x 0,1
0,1
f 0,1 f 0 ,f 1
f 0 0
f 1 1 .
0,1
f 0,1 g 1,g 0
fog
fog gf 22 1.
f x x , x 0,1 .
g0 1
g 1 0 .
2 f g 2
h x f g x g f x 2x 2 1, x 0,1 .
0,1
h 0 f g 0 g f 0 1 f 1 g 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
h 1 f g 1 g f 1 2 1 f 0 g 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
h 0 h 1 0
h
Bolzano
fog
f x x
x 0,1
f f x f x x f x
0,1
x 0,1
f x x
f x x , x 0,1 .
f : ,
9.
f 2 f f 0
f2
2
f
f

f .
f

f .
f 0 .
f
x 0 ,
f x 0 g x 0 x 0
Bolzano
f, g : , ,
10.
(2)
h x
, x ,
,
h f g g g
g : , ,
g x
g .
x ,
g 0 .
h f g f f
f : , ,
f .
f x
x ,
f 0 .
h h g f 0
h h 0
h 0
h 0
x0 x0 .
x0 , : h x0 0 .
Bolzano
x0 , : h x0 0 f x0 g x0 x0 .
f 0 f 1
0,1
1
f f .
4
11.
0,1
0 x 1
0 x 1
1
3
0 x 4 1 4 x 4
g
x0
1
4
2
4
3
4
0,1
0x
3
.
4
1
g 0 f 0 f .
4
1 1 2
g f f .
4 4 4
2 2 3
g f f .
4 4 4
3 3
g f f 1 .
4 4
1 2 3
g 0 g g g f 0 f 1 0 (1).
4 4 4
1 2 3
g 0 , g , g , g
4 4 4
0,
1 2 3
, ,
4 4 4
1
g ,
4
g 0
2
g ,
4
3
g
4
1
g 0 g 0
4
1
1
0, 4
f x x3 3x 2 , x 0,1
f 0 2 0
0,1
f 0 f 1 0 .
f 1 1 3 2 2 0
x0 0,1
Bolzano
x x
x1 x 2
x1x 2 0,1
3
1
f x0 0 .
3x1 3x 2
3
2
x 3x1 x 3x 2 x 3x1 2 x 3x2 2 f x1 f x 2

3
1
3
2
3
1
3
2
0,1 ,
f
f x 0 .
x0
2
2
2
0 , , , 0 .
x x 1 x 1
13.
f 1 2
x 1 x 1
f x
f(1) 2
f 0 f 1 0
1,0
f 1 .
f 0 f 1 0
0,1
f x
f x
, f 0 2 0
1,1 .
1
1
2 2
.
1 2
2
1, 2
.
2
2
f x 0
0,
x 3 3x 2 0
12.
4.
2
2

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
2x 7 x 3 1 0
14.
f x 2x7 x3 1, x
x1,x 2
2x17 x13 1 2x72 x23 1 f x1 f x 2
lim f x lim 2x7
lim f x lim 2x7 .
lim f x
3
3
x1 x 2
7
7
2x1 2x 2
.
x1 x 2
lim f x ,

x0
f x0 0
15.
f x 0
f 0
f x x 3 x , 0
, f 1 1
x
lim f
x
x
lim f
x
x
f
f 0 f 1 0
f 1 f
f
f
Bolzano
f x 0
f x 0
f
f
16.
f 0 0 , f 1 5
f : 0, 2
f 2 x 16
f 2 5 .
0, 2 .
.
.
g x f 2 x 16
g 0 f 2 0 16 16 0 , g 1 f 2 1 16 25 16 9 0
g 2 f 2 2 16 25 16 9 .
g 0 g 1 0
0,1
g x 0 f 2 x 16
Bolzano,
0,1 .
1,2 .
g
g 1 g 2 0
Bolzano.
g x f 2 x 16 f x 4 f x 4 .
h x f x 4, x 1,2
h 1 f 1 4 5 4 1 0
h 2 f 2 4 5 4 9 0
h 1 h 2 0 .
1,2
h x0 0 f x0 4 0 f x 0 4
g x0 f 2 x0 16 16 16 0
f, g :
f x x x gx
1,2 .
17.
2
x0 1,2
Bolzano,
f x 0
x
g 0 g 1 0 .
g 0 g 1 0
0,1
x0 0,1
f x0 x0 2 x0 g x0 0 .
g x0 0
f x 0
x0 0,1
f x 0 .
f:
18.
f f f 0
f x 0
f x 0
f f f 0
f ,f ,f
,
x0
f x0 0
Bolzano
19.
f,g
f x1
g x2
x1,x 2 .
f,g
f x1 g x 2
x1 x 2 .
f x1
g x 2 g x1 .
g,
x1 x 2 .
g x2
f x1 f x 2
h x f x g x , x x1,x 2 .
h x1 f x 1 g x 1 g x 2 g x 1 0
h x 2 f x 2 g x 2 f x 2 f x1 0
h x1 h x 2 0
x1,x 2
h x 0 f x g x
Bolzano
x1,x2 .
f f
20.
x x
.
2
Cf
AB / /x'x
AB
x0 ,f(x0 )
x0
.
f x0
AB 2
2
B x0
,f x 0
.
2
2
AB / /x'x
f x0 f x0
2
0
0
.
2
x0
x'
y'
10
x0
2
gx f x f x
, x
2
2
.
f x0 f x0
2

g
f 2 f 2 2 f 2 f
2

2 .

g
0
2
x0
x0
.
2
x0

2
.
f x0 f x0
2
f
f x 3f x x x 5
2

2 .
.
g x0 0 f x0 f x0
2
x0
2
21.
f
f
f
x0
f x0 0 .
f 2 (x0 ) 3 f(x0 ) x02 x0 5 x0 2 x0 5 0 .
x x0
f x x2 x 2 x .
22.
f x 0 .
f.
x2 x 2
x2 x 2 0
f x 0 x 2 x 2 x 0 x 2 x 2 x (1)
x0
11
x . Af
x0
x2 x 2
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
f x 0
f x 0
f 1 1 1 2 1 1 0
f x 0
f 0 3
f:
23.
f 2 x 6f x x 9 2 x x 2
f 2 x 6f x
f 2 x 6f x
f x 3
g x f x 3
x2 9 0
x0
x .
(1)
x .
g 0 f 0 3
g x x2 9 f x 3
g x 0
(1) g2 x x 2 9 g x x 2 9
x .
g x x2 9
12
g x 0
2
, x .
2x 2 x 3, 1 x 2
.
f(x)
2
2x3
x 1,
Bolzano
24.
1,3
25.
0,1
x4 8x3 x2 x 3 0
5x 1 2
0,
x6 8x4
0, 2
2x
2 2
1,0
26.
x10 1 x 20 1
0
x2
x2
2,2
x0 0
27.
28.
2
1
ex
0
2
1.
0
2
0, 2
f : 0,
29.
2lnx x f x ln x x
x0.
f(x) e2 1 lnx x
1,e .
f x g x 3x
f,g : 2,1
30.
x 2,1
A 2,0
Cf
B 1,1
2,1 .
Cg
g(x)
31.
2
32.
f f x x
f
f x x
33.
f 2 f x f f 2 x 3x 2
f
f 2 2 .
f x 0
13
x0
f x0 0 .
f(x) x 2 5x 6 g x
34.
x 2,3
g 2 g 3 0 .
35.
g:
g x 0
36.
1 x
e 4 0
x
0,2 .
37.
lnx x e2x
0, .
f x x 3 2x 2 5
38.
g x x2 3x 1
M x0 ,y 0
39.
f,g
f

f .
x0
f x0
x0 2,3
5 2x 0
.
x 0 5x 0 6
2
42.
0,1
x 0,1
f,g ,
10 f x 11
f x0 2x0 2 .
2,3
41.
f :
40.
x0 1,2 .
12 g x 13
0,2
43.
f2
0 f x 1
44.
x 0,2
.
0
14
f : 0,1
45.
f 0 f 1 0
0,1 .
46.
f2
f(x) 0
47.
f
f:
0,1
f:
x 0 0,
2
48.
f
f 1 f 5
1,3
.
x
49.
2 .
f : 0,2 0,1
50.
.
ex x 1821 0
51.
52.
x3 2x 4 0
x
3
1,2
x4 2x3 3x 8 0
0,
53.
2lnx 3x 0
54.
x5 24x 3 0
55.
0,3 .
1,3
0,1 .
x3 4x2 x 3 0
1,4 .
f 1 2 , f 0 4
f : 1,1
56.
f 1 4 .
f2 x 9 0
57.
1,1 .
2f 2 x 3f x x 2 x 4
x
58.
.
f 2 x e2x
f
f 0 1.
15
59.
f 2 x x 2 2f x
x .
f x x 2 2x 4 x .
60.
f x 0 .
f.
61.
f:
f(x) 0
lim
62.
f:
f(4) 3 x
3x 1
x5
f(3) 5
f(3) 5
f(0)x 3 2x 5
.
x
x2 4
f(x) 0
lim
0,2
63.
f 2 f 0 0
16
f x 0
x 0,2 .
Bolzano
.Bolzano
. Rolle
64.
f( ) 0
f( )f( ) 0
f( ) 0 ,
f:
, ,
xx .
f 0
f x 0
f f 0
f f 0 .
f 0
f
x1
Bolzano
x2

f x1 0
f x2 0 .
x1,x 2
Rolle
f
2, 3
65.
f 3 f 2
x 0 2, 3
19
3
2, 3 .
f2 6
f x 0 x 02 .
f 3 .
2, 3
h x f x
x3
3
h x f x x2
2,3
h 3 f 3 9 f 2
19
8
9 f 2
3
3
h 2 f 2
8
3
h 2 h 3 .
x0 2,3
h x0 0 f x0 x02 0 f x0 x02 .

2,x0 2,3
0 0
x0 2,3 .
2
0
17
66.
6x 3 3x 2 5x 3 0
0,1 .
f x 6x3 3x 2 5x 3 , x 0,1
0,1 .
f 0 3 0
f 1 5 0
f 0 f 1 0
f x 0
0,1
Bolzano.
f
0,1 .
0,1 .
f
f
Rolle
f
18
1 2
f x 18x2 6x 5
0.
0,1
Bolzano
f 2 2
2, 2
67.
f x0 4 x0 .
x 0 2, 2
1, 2 2, 2
f 1 f 2 1.
h x f x 4 x
h 2 f 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 0
2,2
h 2 f 2 4 2 6 4 2 4 0
h 2 h 2 0
x0 2,2
h x0 0 f x 0 4 x 0 0 f x 0 4 x 0 .
2,x0 , x0 ,2
1
0
2
f
f
f x0 f 2
x0 2
f 2 f x0
2 x0
f 2 6
4 x0 2 2 x0
2
2 x0
6 4 x0 2 x0
(2)
2 x0
2 x0
18
2 x0 2 x0
.
2 x0 2 x0
f e e 2
1, 2 1, e
f 1 f 2 1.
e 2 3 e 1

1 e
1 e
h(x) f(x) x e 3
1,e
h 1 f 1 1 e 3 3 1 e 3 1 e 0 ,
1 2
h e f e e e 3 e 2 3 e 1 0
h 1 h e 0
e+2
f x0 x0 e 3 0 f x0 x0 e 3.
1,x 0
f x0 f 1
x0 1
69.
(e,3)
x 0 1
y
x0 e
e x0 x0 1
.
x0 1 e x0
1, 2 ,
f x0 0 .
e 2 x0 e 3 x0 1
,
e x0
e x0
f f 0
x 0 e 3 3 e x 0
x0 1
x0 1
e x0
1
x0 ,e
f e f x0
(1,e+2)
h x0 0
x0 1,e
f 1 3
1, e
1, e
68.
1 2
f f 0
f 1 f 2 0 .
Bolzano
x0 ,
1 ,x0
2 x 0 ,
,x0
x0 ,
f x0 f
f
f f x0 f
f 1
f 2
x0
x0
x0
x0
19
f 1 f 2
x0 x0
70.
f f
x0 x0
f f
f f
f f .
f f
f 1 f 2
.
1, 2 ,
f f
f f
f f
f f
1 2
f f
f f
f f
g f f
0 (1)
g x f x f
g f f
f f
x , x ,
f f
f f
f f
g g f f 0 ,
2
Bolzano
g 0 f f
f f
2 ,
f 1
f f
f f
f 1
f 2
f f
, ,
f f
f f
f f
f f
f 2
f f
f f
1 ,
.
f f
f f f f
20
f f f f
f 2
f f f f f f
f 1 f 2
71.
2, 2
f x 1 f x 1 x 2 1 e x 2
2, 2
x 1
f 0 .
f 2 f 0 2
f 0 f 2 2 .
x 1
x 2 0,2
x1 2,0
f
f x 2 1
f x1 1
f x1 f x 2 0
x1,x 2
f 0 .
x1,x 2 2,2
Bolzano
Bolzano
72.
f x g x
f 0 g 0
f x g x cx , c
,x
f,g
fx 0
g x 0
1, 2 .
f x g x f x g x c g x cx f x g x cx c1
f 0 g 0 c1 0
f x g x cx .
g 1 f 1 c1 c1 , g 2 f 2 c2 c2 , g 1 g 2 c212 0 .
0
g 1 g 2 0
g 1 g 2 0
g x 0
73.
f
xf x f x x e
2
2 .
x0
gx
f x
x
1, 2 .
0,
f 1 e 1
0, .
ex
21
f x x ex 1 , x 0 .
f x 2
g x
0,1 .
xf x f x
x2
ex
f 1 e 1 c 1
f x
g x f x 2 .
x2ex
ex 0 g x c
2
x
ex 1 f x x ex 1
lim f x 2 lim x ex 1 2 2
x 0
g 1 f 1 2 e 1 0
g 0
x 0
g g 1 0
g x 0 f x 2
,1 0,1
1 , 2 0,1
g x f x e 1 xe
x
1, 2
1, 2
g 1 g 2 0
g
x
1 2 .
1, 2
Rolle
g 0 e 1 e 0
e 1 e 0 .
g x 0 f x 2
0,1 .
Bolzano
f : 0,
74.
f 0 1.
x 0 , f0 0
x 1 f x e
2
2 f x 4e 2x
x0.
2x
f x 0 ln x 0 0
x 0 0,1
g x f x e2x , x 0 .
0,
g
g x f x 4e2x .
2 f x 4e2x
g x f x 2e2x
f x 4e2x 0 g x 0
0, .
g
x 0 g x g 0 0
0, .
x 0 g x g 0 0 f x e2x 0 f x e2x .
h x f x x 2 1, x 0 .
0,
22
h x f x 2x
h x f x 2 .
f x 2 0 h x 0
2 f x 4e2x
0, .
0,
x 0 h x h 0 0
x 0 h x h 0 0 f x x2 1 0 f x x2 1

lim
x 0
2
x 0
2x
x 1 f x e
f 1 0
f 1 0
2 f 1 e2
x0
Bolzano
0,1
f x 2x 0 f x 2x 0
x0
.
h x 0

x 0,1
f x lnx 0
1
0,1 .
75.
f x 0
f
f
f f
, .
x , .
f x x 2
f
f
x0
x0
f x 0
f x 0
Bolzano
f x0 0
g x f x
g x f x .
x ,
.
g
f x 0
23
f x
76.
x 4 x 3 20x 2 28 0
1, 2 .
f x x4 x3 20x 2 28
f 1 6 0
1,2 .
f 1 f 2 0 .
f 2 76 0
x0 1,2
Bolzano
f x0 0
f x 4x3 3x 2 40x x 4x 2 3x 40 0
x 1,2 .
1,2
x0
x0
77.
e 4x 4e
f x
fx
.
f.
f
e 4x 4e
f x
e
f x
fx
0 e 4x
f x
fx
0 e
f x
4xe 4x 2 4x 2 4 e 2x
f x
x0
2f 0
4x2 4 0
f x
4xe 4
f x
4x 2 4 (1)
4 2f 0 ln4 f 0 ln2
e 2x 0 .
f x
e 2x
e 20 2 0
f x
e 2x 0
f x
f 0
e 2x 4x2 4 e 4x2 4 2x .
f x
f x
4x2 4 4x 2 4x 2 4 2x 4x 2 4 2x 4x 2 4
4x2 4 2x 0
f x
2
4x 2 4
x
0 f
f x ln
24
4x 2 4 2x .
f : 0,
78.
f x f x f x
f 0 1, f 0 2
f x e2x
x0
x0.
gx
f x
g x
f x
x 0 g x g 0
f x 0
f x f x f x f x
f x
f x
f2 x
f 0
f 0
f x
f x
0 g 0, .
2.
f 0 1 0
f x 0 .
f x 2f x f x 2f x 0 e 2x f x 2e 2x f x 0 e 2x f x 0
h x e
2x
h x 0 h 0,
f x
x 0 h x h 0 e2x f x f 0 e2x f x 1 f x e2x
79.
1, 3
f x 0
f
x 1, 3
g x f x 4x, x 1,3
f 1 3
fx 4
1, 3 .
g x f x 4 0 g
.
1,3
1 3 g 1 g 3 f 1 4 f 3 12 f 3 5 .
f 1 f 3 0
1,3
f : 0,
80.
2x f x e
f x 0
1,3
f x 4 0 f
1,3
x0
f 0 2 .
x2 2 f x ex 1
x0.
f.
f x 3x 2
g x f x x2
x0
g 0,
g x g 0 f x x2 2 f x x2 2 .
h x f x e x ,x 0
x0
g x f x 2x 0
1, 2 .
h x f x ex 0
h x h 0 f x e x 1 f x e x 1 .
x2 2 f x ex 1 1
25
h 0,
f x 2x 0
0,
lim f x
lim x 2 lim e 1
f A f 0 , lim f x 2,
x
x f x 3x2
f 1 12 2 f 1 3 , 2 f 2 12 0
1 f 1 3 0
f 2 e2 1 12
Bolzano
Bolzano
, .
x ,
fx 0
f : ,
81.
x1,x2
x1 x 2
Bolzano
f x1 0 f x2 .
x1,x 2
f
f
f x0 0
Fermat
f
f x f x1
x x1
x1 x x2
f x f x1
x x1
x x1
x1 x x2
f x f x2
x x2
f x f x2
x x2 0
x x2
f x2 0
x1,x2
f x1 0 f x2
f x1 0
f x f x2 f x f x2 0
x2
x x1,x2
x x1
x x1 0 ,
lim
lim
f x f x1 f x f x1 0
x1
x x1,x2
x1,x 2
x0
26
x1 x 2
82.
1, 4
f 3 f 4 f 1 f 2
1, 4
1,4
f 1,f 4
x1,x 2
f x1 0
f 1 f 3 f 2 f 4
f x2 0
1,4
Fermat
f
f 1 f 3 f 2 f 4
1,4
Fermat.
1,2 ,
2,3 , 3,4
f 2 f 1
2 1
f 4 f 3
, f 2
43
f 1 f 3 f 2 f 4
f
, f
Bolzano,
f 3 f 2
32
3
f x 0
, f
1,4
f x ex , g x x
83.
h x ln x , x 0
x , 0
f, h
f x gx hx
x0.
AB d .
0 0,1
x ex x , x ex 1 0 x 0
x0
x 0 1 0 f x g x .
1 x 1
0 x 1
x
x
1 1 0
x 1 0
x x lnx , x 1
x 1
27
x lnx .
ex x lnx .
A ,e
B ,ln
e ln
ln
e ln e ln
d e
1
1
, d e 2 0 d 0, .
d 1 e 1 0
lim d lim e
0
0
lzano
0,1 : d 0 o
,1 0,1
0 ,1 0,1 : d 0 0
x 0 d x d 0 0 d 0, 0
d
x 0 d x d 0 0 d 0 ,
0 .
f t
84.
f t
t0
8
2.
t 1
f t .
t
;
t
t
ln11 2,4 )
2 f t 8ln t 1 2t f t 8ln t 1 2t c, t 0,c

t 1
t0
f 0 0 .
f t
f 0 c
c0
f t 8ln t 1 2t, t .
8
6 2t
2
0t3.
t 1
t 1
t 0,3
f t 0 f
0,3
f t
t3
f t 0 f 3,
t8
3
f 8 8ln9 16 8ln32 16 16ln3 16 16 ln3 1 16 ln3 lne 16ln .
e
3
3
f 8 0 .
1 ln 0
e
e
t8
28
f 0 8ln11 20 8 2,4 20 0,8 .

f 8 f 1 0
f
f t1 0 .
t1 8,10
Bolzano
t 10
85.
f 3 x f 2 x f x x 3 2x 2 6x 1
2 3 .
f
f
f x 0
0,1 .
x0 .
f
f
Fermat
f x0 0 .
f 3 x f 2 x f x x3 2x 2 6x 1
f x f x f x x
3
2x 2 6x 1
3f x f x 2f x f x f x 3x 4x 6
2
f x 3f 2 x 2f x 3x 2 4x 6 (2).
x x0
f x0 3f x0 2f x0 3x02 4x0 6 0 3x 02 4x 0 6
2
56 0
3x2 4x 6
f
56 0
2
3f x 2f x
3x2 4x 6 0
3f 2 x 2f x 0
42 12 4 2 3 0
f x 0
x .
x
.
x0
f 3 0 f 2 0 f 0 1 f 0 f 2 0 f 0 1 (3).
f 0 f 0
0
3
f 2 0 f 0 0
2 3
4 3
2
2 3 0
f 0 0 .
x 1
f 1 f 2 1 f 1 1 2 6 1 f 1 f 2 1 f 1 4 .
3
f 2 1 f 1
f 2 1 f 1 0
2 4 0
f 1 0 .
29
f 0 f 1 0
x0 0,1
f x0 0 .
0,1 .
86.
Bolzano
1, 5
f 1 3 , f 5 4
x0
f
f x 0
0,1
1,6
x 1, x 2 1, 5 x 1 x 2
f x1 f x 2 0 .
1,5
f 0 .
f x 0 f x 0 f 3 x 0 x 0 .
x 0 1, 5
y x 6
1,5 .
Cf
x1,x2 1,5
f x1 1
f , f x2 6
x1 x 2
f x1 f x 2 0
Fermat
f x1 f x 2 0
x1,x2
Rolle
x1,x 2
x1,x2 1,5
f 0 .
h x f x f x f x x , x x1,x2 1,5
h x1 f x1 f x1 f 4 x1 x1 1 x1 0
h x 2 f 4 x 2 x 2 64 x 2 0
4
x0 x1,x2 1,5 : h x0 0
g x f x x 6 f x x 6 , x 1,5
g 1 f 1 1 6 3 1 6 0 , g 5 f 5 5 6 4 5 6 0
1,5 : g 0 f 6 .
Bolzano
87.
f:
f x
x 1 f x xe 0
f x 90x4 150x2 60x3 180x ,
f x 360x3 300x 180x 2 180 60 6x 3 3x 2 5x 3
0,1
Cf
30
f x 0
f 0 180 0, f 1 300 0
0,1
Bolzano
f 0 .
x 60 18x2 6x 5 0 0 f
x
f x f 0 f
f x f 0 f
Cf
,1
0,1 ,f .
f
88.
0,
f
f .
f , ,
y x
f
y x
g x f x x , x
,
,
x
f
.
g x g 0
g x g 0
g
g x g
x ,
g x g 0
g f 0
f x x
g 1
g f 0 .
g x f x
f x x 0
y x
Cf
g f 0 .
1 x,
g g x
g x g 1 x g .
x
k0
g 1 g 0
g 1 k .
g 1 x g k x g
lim k x g
Bolzano
g 2
lim g x lim g 1 x g
x
g x g
x
g 0
x1 ,
2 ,x
,x
g x g 2 x g
31
g x1 0 .
2 g 2 g 0
m0
g 2 x g m x g
g 2 m
lim m x g lim mx
x
lim g x lim g 2 x g
x
g 0
x 2 ,
,
g x 0 f x x
Bolzano
89.
,
, , ,
g x2 0
f f 0
f f 0
f x 0
f 0
, ,
, .
f 0 .
f.
f f 0
f2 0
.
f f 0
f
x0 , ,
f x0 0 .
f
,x0
Rolle
x1 ,x0
x0 ,
f x1 0 f x 2 (1).
f x3
f f

f f 0
f 0
x 3 ,
f 0
.
f , f
f x3 0 .
,x0
f x 0 f f
f x4
0.
x0
x0
x0 ,
f f x0 f
f x5
0.
x0
x0
,
f f f
f x6
0.
Bolzano
x 4 ,x0
x 5 x0 ,
x6 ,
32
x 2 x0 ,
f x4 f x3
f 2
x4 x3
x 3 ,x 4
0.
f 1
f x6 f x 5
x6 x 5
2 x3 ,x 4
x 5 ,x6
1 x 5 ,x6
0.
f 1 f 2 0
1, 2
f 0
1, 2 ,
Bolzano
.Bolzano
: y x , 0
90.
f x ln x
1, e
1
e
e, .
lnx x
g x lnx x , x 0 .
g 0 , g e 1 e 0
Bolzano
g 1 g e 0 .
x1 1,e : g x1 0 .
lnx
lim g x lim lnx x lim x

x
x
x
x
g 0 .
e
g e g 0
g
g x
1
lnx
lim
lim x 0
x x
x 1
x2 e : g x 2 0 .
Bolzano
x 3 x 2 x1
Rolle
1
0
x
1
1
0 x
x
g x 0
.Bolzano
f x x 2 2ln x, x 0 .
91.
)
f x 1
x0.
f.
33
ln x
, x 0
.
gx f x
k, x 0
)
i
ii
0, e .
1
2
0,
f
f x 0
0 x
2 x2 1
x
x 0,1
x 0
x o
f x 1
lim
lim lnx
1
lnx
1
lim
lim x lim 0
x x
DLH x 1
x x
Cf
0,
x0,
lnx
lim f x lim x 2 2lnx lim x 2 1 2 2 .

x
x
x
lnx
1
lim f x
lim 2 lim x lim 2 0
x
x x
DLH x 2x
x 2x
) i.
Cf .
lnx
lim x 2

x
x
1
-
x o
yy
f x
1, .
x0.
f 1 12 2ln1 1
x o
x
f
f
lim f x lim x 2 2lnx
x 0
f x 0
2
2 2 x 1
.
x
x
1 x 1.
f x 0
0,1 .
x 1,
f x 2x
Cf
lim g x g 0 k
x o
1
1
1
1
lim 2x
lim 2
k .
x
o
x
o
2
2
2
2x 2
2x 2
2x
x
x
lne
1
1
1
ge
2
2
0
g0 g e 0
g 0 k 0
f e e 2lne e 2
2
lnx
lim g x lim 2
lim
x o
x o x 2lnx DLH x o
ii.
g
g x 0
1
x
0,e
Bolzano
0,e .
34
92.
f 3 0 f 4
f 5 f 4 0
1,2 .
93.
x3 2 3lnx
x4 x3 30 20x2
x x x ( x) ( x) ( x) , , ,
94.
95.
e
f f x
fx
g fx
e
f x g x x
i.
x .
f x 0
ii.
, .
,f
96.
1
, ,
f 3 f 1 f 2 f 0 .
f : 0,3
, f
97.
98.
f 1 4
f x0 3x0 2 .
x0 1,2
2
1,2
2x y 1 0 .
f
f x
1
.
1
35
1
2
1.
f 2 1.
99.
f 0 2
0,1 .
f 1 4
y3
x0 0,1 .
Cf
1 2 3 4
f f f f
5
5
5
5
f x1 .
4
Cf
x1 0,1
x 2 0,1
y 2x 1821 .
f x x x
100.
x0

6,4 .

x0 ,
4
3
i) f
2
f x0 f
4 4
f x0
ii)
4 3 4
4
0,1 .
x v lnx 1, v *
101.
15x f x 5x2
2
102.
x 3,
f 5 0
f x 0
3, .
3, .
f : 1,e 0,1
103.
f x 0
x 1,e
f x x 1 lnx
f x x3 2x 1
104.
3
105.
0,1 .
f x 1
1,e .
x 1,2
f 1 1
1,2
f(x) 0
1,2 .
106.
f 3 x 2f x 3x 0
x .
f 1 .
36
1
,1
2
107.
f 3 4
f
f
108.
f 8 f 2 f 6 f 0
0,8
f:
f x 0
lim f x lim f x
f 2 f 0 f 8 f 6
0,8
x .
f x0 0 .
x0
f
109.
f 0 f 2 1
0,2
f x 0
0,1 .
f
f
110.
f.
f
f x f x 8x 12x 2 8x 2
3
f x 0
x0
0,2
f 0 1, f 2 4 .
f x1 f x2 0
x1,x2 0,2
112.
.
f 1 2
x0 3
2,3 .
ii. f 6 3f 2 0
iii. 3f 3 f 6
f 6 0
f
f x 0 .
0,6
0,1 .
f g x 3x f x 2 2
111.
-1.
g:
i.
f 1 4
0,3
f e f 3 ln f ln f 3 e
37
5,5
113.
f:
x
2f x 2x f 2 f 2
f 2 f 2 4
x0 2,2
f x0 f 2 3 .
1, 2 2,2
f 1 f 2 2 .
2,2
f 1.
f x 1
0
114.
ln 2 0 .
1
f x 1 lnx 1 .
x
f : 0,
i.
ii.
f x
iii.
115.
0.
f f 0
f
f 0 0 , f 1 0 , f 2 0
f x 0
f x 0
x 0,2
0,2 .
0,2 .
f x f 0 x f 0 .
116.
x0 0
f
f 2 f 2 0
f 2 f 2 0
117.
f x
f x 1
f 1 f 0
f x0 x02 4 .
x0 2,2
1
2 3 4
, x 1,
x 1
,
i.
ii.
1,0
0, .
iii.
1,2 .
38
118.
0,1
f2
f 0 2
f 1 7
x1,x 2 0,1
1,10 ,
f x1 f x 2 0 .
1 0,1
f 1 0 .
2 0,1
f 2 f 2 0 .
y 15x 6
f
x0 0,1 .
119.
, 1
f2
f 1 2
f 1 ,
1
,
2
, 1
f
x 2y 2 0
1
1
f x x 1
2
2
f.
x , 1 .
, 1
1
.
2
: y 3x 4 2
, 1 .
h x x2 x 1.
f x ex 1
120.
O 0,0
h.
1,0
g x f x h x
i. g x 2 1
ii.
g x 1821
39
e 2 1 0 .
Bolzano
121.
f x 4f 2x 1
f 1
, f 1 0
1
2
f x dx 2 f x dx 2
1
0,1
f f 2 1 e 2 .
f x 4f 2x 1 f x 2f 2x 1 c1
f 1 2f 1 c1 c1 0
f x 2f 2x 1 f x f 2x 1 c2 .
f x f 2x 1 1
f 1 f 1 c2 c2 1
x 1
x 1
x
f x dx f 2x 1 dx 1dx 1.
1
2x 1 u x
u1
2
1
dx du
2
x0
u 1
x 1
1
f x dx 2 f u du 1 f x dx 2 f x dx 2
u1
g x f x f 2x 1 e 2x 1 e 2x , x 0,1 .
g 0 1 e 0 , g 1 3 e 0
0,1
0,1
g 0 f f 2 1 e 2 .
122.
f x0 0 .
x 0 1, 3
f x dx 0
3
1, 3
f x 0
1, 3 .
f 1 f 3 0 ,
1, 3
f x 1 f x 2 0 .
x 1, x 2 1, 3
1,3
f
-
f x0 0
f x 0
x 1,3
f x dx 0
f x0 0
f x 0
x 1,3
f x dx 0
f
f
1,3
1 1,
f x 0
f 1 f 3 f 0
1 1
2 ,3
1, 2 1,3
1,3
1, 2 1,3
1,3
Bolzano
f 1 0
40
f 2 0
f 1 f 2 0
f 0 .
x 1,3
Rolle
f 1 f 2 0
x1,x2 1,3
1,3
123.
1 2
1 1
f x1 f x 2 0 .
f
x
f x f t dt x x
g x f t dt f t dt x 2 2
x
f t dt f t dt x
0,1
f t dt f t dt 1 2
f x f x
f x f t dt x 2 x
f t dt , f t dt
f
x
g x f t dt f t dt x 2 2
x
g x f x f t dt f x f t dt 2x
f x f t dt x 2 x
x
x x
g x x2 x x 2 x 2x 2x 2x 0
2
4
g0 2
g x 2 , x
3
g x c
g x 2 f t dt f t dt x 2 2 2
x
f t dt f t dt x
x f t dt f t dt 2x 3 1
, x
0,1
0 1 0
1
1 f t dt f t dt 1 12 1 2 0
Bolzano
0 f t dt f t dt 1 23 .
0,1
124.
0 1 0
f x 2
0, 2
0, 2
g x f t dt 3x 2 , x 0,2 .
x
41
x 0, 2
2 3 f t dt .
0
3x 2
0,2
0,2
g 0 f t dt 3 0 2 2 0
g 2 f t dt 6 2 f t dt 4 .
f x 2 f x 2 0
g 0 g 2 0
f x 2dx 0 f x dx 4 0 g 2 0 .
2
Bolzano
0,2
g 0 2 3 f t dt .
0
g x
f t dt 3x 2 f x 3 .
x
f x 2 0 f x 3 1 0
f x 2
g x 0
0,2
g x 0 2 3x f t dt
0,2 .
125.
f,g
f x x 1 g t dt
x
gx
3
4
x 0, 4
0, 4 .
g t dt 1 .
0, 4
0,
g g t dt 0 .
0
f 0 1 0 , f 4 3 g t dt
4
0,4
(1).
3
3
g x g x 0
g
4
4
4
4
3
3
3 4
g x0
x0 0,4
g x dx 0 g x dx dx 0
0
0
4
4
4 0
g t dt 3 0
f 4 0 .
f 0 f 4 0
f 0 1 g t dt 0 g t dt 1
0,4
f f 0
(2).
f x 1 g x 1
0,4
0,4
Bolzano
0,
0,
3 1
0
4 4
0,
f f 0 1 g 1 g 1
42
g 1 g g t dt g g t dt 0 .
126.
f, g :
x 1
2 x 3
f t dt
g t dt e x 2 1
0,1 .
2 2x 2 x f x x 2 3x g x e x 2
x 1
f t dt
2x 3
h x
x 1
g t dt ex 2 1
x 1
2x 3
f t dt
f t dt
2x 3
g t dt e x 2 1, x
g t dt e x 2 1 0 .
h 2 f t dt g t dt 1 1 0 .
1
h x h 2 , x
x0 2 .
x 1, 2x 3 , ex 2 1
f,g
h
h x f x 1 2g 2x 3 ex 2
Fermat
h 2 0 f 1 2g 1 1 0 f 1 2g 1 1.
x 2 2x2 x f x x 2 3x g x ex 2 , x 0,1 .

e
1
127.

0,1
Bolzano
0,1 .
x 2
f f x dx 0
f f x dx 0 .
1, 2 ,
f f x dx 0 .
f 0
f x dx 0 2
f x 0
0, x0
x0 ,
x ,
f f x0 0
f x dx 0
1 , x0 , : f 1 0 .
Bolzano
h t f x dx
f x0 0
h 0
43
h f x dx 0
2 .
h t f t
,
h x h
h x
lim
0 lim
0
x
x x
x
h f 0
1
h x1
0
x1
x1
h x1 0 .
h x1 h 0
x1,
h 2 0 f x dx 0 .
2 x1, ,
Bolzano
f x dx 0 .
f 0
128.
f x dx 0
f f 0
f x dx 0 .
g x f t dt , x ,
x
g x f t dt
g x f x .
g 0 , g f t dt 0
g f , g f
f f 0 g g 0
g 0
g 0
x1
g 0 lim
g 0 lim
x
x1
g x g
g x2
x2
g , g
x 2
0 lim
x
gx
x
g x1
x1
1 0, 2
x2
x1, x 2 ,
f x dx f x dx .
0, 2
f f t dt .
1
3
f t dt 2 f t dt
44
g x1 g x 2 0
g 0 f t dt 0
-1
0, 2
gx
0 g x1 0 .
x1, x 2 , ,
Bolzano
0 lim
0 g x2 0 .
129.
g x g
g x
x 1
x
f t dt
x 1
1
f t dt f t dt
x
g x f x 1 f x , x 0,1 .
g
g 0 f t dt , g 1 f t dt
1
g 0 g 1
0,1
Rolle
g x0 0 f x0 1 f x0
x0 0,1
1 1.
f x x f xt dt
0,2
1
x
1
x 0 : xf x x f xt dt
du xdt
u xt
1
x
1
1
1
xf x f u du xf x f u du 0 x f u du 0
x
h x x f u du , x 0,1
x
1
h 0 0 , h 1 0
0,1
0,1
h 0 h 1
Rolle
h 0 .
x f t dt
x
3 1
f t dt , x 0,2
2 0
3 1
f t dt ,
2 0
2 f t dt 3 f t dt f t dt f t dt
2
0 2
-
0 2 0
0 2 0
3
4
f t dt 0
3 1
1 1
f t dt f t dt
2 0
2 0
1 2
x 0
Bolzano
1 0,2
1 0
1 0
1 0,2 : 1 0 f t dt 3 f t dt
130.
1,
f
xf x f
f x
f x e
ft
dt
t
, x > 1.
1, .
x , x 1 .
1
.
ln x
M x0 , f x0
x 0 e, e 2 ,
15
2
Cf
45
lim
x 1
x
f t dt 0 .
f t
gx
f t
t
f x e
dt
1,
x
ft
1 f x e
f x
f x
f x
x
f x
dt
lnf x
x
e
f t
t
dt
xf x f 2 x , x 1.
xf x f 2 x
g x
f x
f2 x
1 1
1
lnx
lnx c
f x
x
f x
f e e0 1
xe
1
, x 1.
lnx
M x0 ,f x0
2 .
xe
c0.
y f x0 f x0 x x0
y f x0 x f x0 x 0 f x0 .
EOAB
1
f x0 x0 f x0
2
15 1 f x0 x 0 f x 0
2 2
f x0
f x0 x0 f x0
A
,0
f
x
f x0 x0 f x0
f x0
f x 0 0
15f x 0 f x 0 x 0 f x 0
B 0, f x 0 x 0 f x 0 .
x0 e
e,e .
h x f x xf x 15f x
2
1
1
1
f e 1, f e , f e2
f e2 2 .
e
2
4e
9 15 9e2 60
15 4e 15
h e2 2
0
he 4
0
16 4e
e
e
16e2
Bolzano
3e 8 9e2 64 9e2 60 0 ,
x0 e,e2
h x0 0 .
F x f t dt
f t ,
F x 1 F x
x,x 1
x,x 1
x 1
f t dt f t dt
x
x 1 x
x x 1 lnx ln ln x 1
1
46
F x f x .
x 1
1
f t dt
x
ln
3 .
3 1
x 1
1
1
1
1
.
f t dt
x
lnx ln ln x 1 lnx
ln x 1
lim
lim
x 1
1
0,
lnx
lim
1
0
ln x 1
f t dt 0 .
131.
f x x 3
f x x
f:
f t t
dt .
fx
f
x
f x
f x x
g x f 2 x 2xf x , x
f x x x 2 9, x
x 1
x 2
x 1
f t dt f t dt
.
x
f t t
t
f t t
x
f t t dt
0
f x x 3
0
f t t
dt
f x x x
f x
t
x
f x x 3
dt 1
f t t
f x x
f x x
f x x
0
f2 x
2xf x
g x f x 2xf x 2f x f x 2f x 2xf x
f x
f x
g x 2f x
2f x 2x
f x x
f x x
2
g x
g x
2f 2 x 2f x f x x 2xf x
f x x
2f 2 x 2f 2 x 2xf x 2xf x
f x x
0 g x c, c
47
f 0 0 3
f t t
g 0 c
g 0 f 2 0 2 0 f 0 9
dt 3
g x 9
c9
g x 9 f 2 x 2xf x 9 f 2 x 2xf x x2 x2 9 f x x x 2 9 (1)

2
f x x
h x f x x 0
h
h 0 f 0 0 3 0 ,
h x f x x 0
f x x x 2 9 f x x x 2 9, x
x
1
f x x x 9
2
2 x2 9
2x
2 x2 9
x2 9 x
x2 9
x 2 9 x 2 0 x 2 9 x 2 x x x 2 9 x 0
f x 0
f
f
f x f t f x 1
f x
dt
x 1
x 1
f x dt
x 1
x 1
x2
dt
x 2
x 1
x 2
x2
x 1
f t dt f x 2
x2
x 1
x 2
f x 1dt
x 1
f t dt
x 2
x 1
f x 2 dt
dt
f t dt f x 2 x 2 x 1
f t dt f x 2 (2)
x 1
f t dt f x 1 (1)
x 2
x 1
f x
f x 1dt
x 1
x 1
x 1
f x 1 x 2 x 1
f x 1
x 1
dt
f x 1 f t f x 2
x 1
f t dt
f t dt f x 1 x 1 x f x
x 1 t x 2
f x 1
x 1
f t dt f x 1
f x x 1 x
x t x 1
x 1
f t dt
x 2
x 1
f t dt f x 1
f : (0, )
x 2 x 1
f t dt f x 2 ,
f t dt
132.
f x 0 ,
x 2
x 1
f t dt
x0
x ln t t
ln x x
dt e f t
1 f t
x x2
e
f x e x nx - x , x 0
1
lim f 2 x
f x
x 0
f x
lnx x-
F x f t dt , x 0
x
48
x0
F x F x F x
x0.
0
,
h x
x 2 x 1
x2 x 1
F F F
f x dt
f(t)dt
x x2
, x 0,
e
x2 x 1
x x2
x x2
f x dt
0 h x 0 h x h 1
1
e
e
x 1.
0,
h x f x 2 x 1 2x 1
x 1
1 2x
e
h 1 0 f 1
Fermat
1
1
0 f 1 .
e
e
0,
f 1
f(x) 0
1
0
e
0, .
x 0, .
f x 0
x lnt t
lnx x
dt e f t
1 f t
x lnt t
x lnt t
lnx x
dt e f x lnx x
dt e f x
1 f t
1 f t
lnx x
x 0,
lnt t
f t
x
dt e 0
f x
lnt t
f t
lnt t
f t
x
lnx x
.
lnt t
dt e
f t
0,
lnx x
dt
0,
x lnt t
x lnt t
lnx x
lnx x
dt e f x
dt e (1)
1 f t
1
f x
f t
x
lnx x
h x h t dt e .
h x
, x 0
1
f x
h
f x 0
0,
h t dt
x
h x h x
h
0,
h x h x 0 e xh x e xh x 0
49
e h x 0 e h x c, c
x
h x ce x
h x h t dt e e ce e c 1 ,
1
h x ex
f x
lim e 1
x
x 0
lim
x 0
lim lnx x
1
1
ex
x
x 0 f x
x 0 e
lnx x x0 lnx x
x 0
2
lim f x
x 0
lim
lnx x
x
e x f x e lnx x , x 0 .
f x
f x
lim
0
0
DLH
1
2

0,
F(x) f(x), x 0
1
1
F(x) f (x) e x lnx x e x 1 e x lnx x 1 0, x 0 ,

x
x
1
0
x
lnx x 1 lnx x 1 0
0, .
x0
F 2
F 3
F2
2
F x F 3x 2F 2x .
1
1
x 0
G(x) 2F(x) F(3
G(
.
F x f x 0
0,
G(2
Bolzano
F x F 3x 2F 2x
G(
G
.
G x 2F x 2f x 0
50
133.
f:
fx
f x
eu lnu du e x ln x 2 1
f x 0
x .
f x ex x2 1 , x .
0,1
f 4 .
g f x x 4 f g x g x 4
g:
x
g
1,2
134.
f 5e2 2e .
f x dx f x dx .
135.
f x 2
f
g x x 2 5x 1
x2 5x
g 3 g 0 0 .
f t dt , x
g x 0
136.
3,0 .
f,

137.
g,h
t
g x h x dx g x h x dx
f t dt 2
e x 1
f t dt 3e
x
, .
3e 2 f x 3 3x
139.
f x x 1 g t dt
x
.
x
f t dt
g x h x 0
x 0,1
x
f t dt 0 .
f : 0,1
138.
0,1 .
2
f,g
3
x , gx
4
0,4 .
51
x 0,4
g t dt 1 .
0,4
g g t dt 0 .
0,
140.
f t dt 2
2
0,2
f t dt 2 .
0,2
1, 2 0,2
f 1 f 2 1 .
f,g, :
141.
x
f t dt udu
x
4g t
g t 4
2
dt, x
f x 1
f f
1,1
f x x
16
t
f dt 0 .
4
g x
142.
x2
u2 1
du, x 0 .
u3 u
0,
g x .
g x 0 .
2
2
x2 u 1
u2 1
du
1 u3 udu
u3 u
x0
2
9 x 1
x2 1
dx
3 x3 xdx
x3 x
1,2
1 2,3
2
1
1
x2 1
dx 2
x3 x
x 1
x 1
x 1
dx 3 dx 3 dx
3
x x
x x
x x
2
0,
143.
1
f x x f t dt
1
1
, 0 48 , x 0 .
x
1
g x f t dt x f t dt x
x
0, .
f t dt x f t dt 2 x
1
52
x2
5
x
1,2
f t dt f t dt 5 22 .
1
f 2 2 .
f 1 1
f : 1,2
144.
yx.
Cf
x0 1,2
f x0 3 x0 ,
1 2
1, 2 1,2
f 1 f 2 1 ,
145.
1,2
xf x dx 0
xf x f x 1
1,2 .
f,g
f t dt x g t dt 1
x
g x 0
x0 0
f 0 2g 0 .
g.
x0 0,1
146.
x0
g t dt 2f x0 1 4x 0 .
xf t dt x
x
2x
f t dt 2
1
y2
f
f 2 0
f x0 0 .
f t dt 0
3
x0 2,3
x0 0,9
f x0 3 .
1
2
3.
f x1 f x 2
x1,x 2 0,9
0,9
f
i. f 3 3
148.
x
f 9 9 .
f 0 0
f : 0,9
147.
ii. f x xf x 0
iii.
81
f x dx 2
9
2f x e
f
f 0 0 .
1 e x
f x ln
53
x f x
f x t dt
lim o
x 0
h x
2005
t f t dt
gx
x 2007
2007
h x g x
.
x
2005
f t dt
1
2008
54
0,1 .
olzano
149.
2
z1 z 2
z1 z 2
z1,z2
Re z 1 z 2 0
f : ,
z 2 if , w f 2i
,
2
w z wz
f x 0
, .
z1 z2 z1 z2 z1 z1 z2 z2 z1 z2 z1 z2
2
z1z1 z2 z2 z1z1 z1z2 z1z2 z2 z2 z1z2 z1z2 0 2Re z1z2 0 Re z1z2 0 .

w z w z Re wz 0
2
w z f 2i 2 if 2 f if f 22i 2 f
2 f 2 f i 22 f f .
Re wz 0 2 f 2 f 0 f
f f
f f 0
2
f 0 .
2
f
f x 0
, .
f f 0 f 0
2
f .
2
Bolzano
f 0
f x 0 .
f f x 0
f x
150.
, .
xz xz
x2 z
, z i , , , 0 .
lim f x lim f x .
z 1 z 1
f.
f x
f x
xz x z
x z
2
(x z) x z x z (x z)
x2 z
x2 z x z x z z x2 z x z x z z
x2 z
z z 2Re z 2 0
2
2
z 2 2 .
55
f x
2 z z x
x2 z
4x
, A f .
x 2 2
4x
4x
4
lim f x lim 2
lim
lim
0
x
x x 2 2
x x 2
x x
f x
lim f(x) 0 .
z 1 z 1 z 1 z 1 (z 1) z 1 (z 1) z 1
2
z z z z 1 z z z z 1 2 z z 0 2 2 0 0 .
f x
f
4 x 2 2 2 4x 2x
2 2
f x 0 4 x
2
x z
2 2
0 x
2
0 x2 z x z
2
x z .
f x 0 f1 , z .
x z
x z , z
x z
f x 0 f 2 z , z
f x 0 f1 z ,
x z
f
f z
4 x 2 2 2
4 z
2
z z
4 z
2z
2
2
z
2 2
1 , z
2 z , z
3 z ,
f z
2 2
2
f 1 lim f(x),f z 0,
.
2
2
x

2
2
f 2 f z ,f z
,
2
2

2 2
2
f 3 f z , lim f(x)
,0 .
x
2 2
2
f(A) 0,
2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2
f 2
f
0 f 1
0 f 2
2

2
2
,0
,
.
2 2 2 2 2 2
x0 2
f x0 0 .
x0
f x 0
f : ,
151.
z
Re z 0, Im z 0
1
f 2
2
z
z 1
z2
56
f x 0
Re z Im z
x0 .
x ,
1
f
z
f 2 f 2
x 3 f f 0
Im z 0 .
z
1
f
z
z x yi, xy
1,1 .
1
1
x yi
x
y
z x yi
x yi 2
x 2
y 2
i .
2
2
z
x yi
x y
x y
x y2
y 0
1
y
y
1
Im z 0 y 2
0 2
y 2
1
2
2
z
x y
x y
x y2
x2 y2 1 z 1 z 1.
1
f
z
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
z z f z z2 2 f f () 2 f f f 2 f .
g x x3 f f , x 1,1 .
1,1
g 1 f f
g 1 f f .
g 1 g 1 f f f f f 2 f 2 0 .
g x 0 x 3 f f 0
Bolzano
1,1 .
152.
K 3, 4
z
5.
z x 2 4x x 2 4x 1 i 2x
lim
1, 3 .
2
z x x 1 i 25
x3
z 10 .
x 3
12 2Re z
z.
K 3, 4
z 3 4i 5 .
f x z x2 4x x 2 4x 1 i 2x , x 1,3 .
1,3
57
f 1 z 1 4 1 4 1i 2 z 3 4i 2 5 2 3 0 ,
f 3 z 9 12 9 12 1i 6 z 3 4i 6 5 6 1 0 ,
f 1 f 3 0
f x 0
Bolzano
1,3 .
z x2 4x x 2 4x 1 i 2x
z i , ,
z x x 1 i 25
2
lim
x3
x 3
12 2Re z
i x x 1 i 25
2
lim
x3
x 3
lim
x x 1 i
12 2Re z
25
x3
x 3
x x 1
lim
2
12 2Re z
25
12 2Re z
x3
2 2x x 2 2 x2 1 2 x 2 2x 25
lim
12 2Re z
x 3
x 3
2x 2 2 1 x 2 2 2 24
lim
12 2Re z 1
x 3
x3
2
2
z 3 4i 5 3 4 25
x 3
2 6 9 2 8 16 25 2 2 6 8 2 .
1
2x 2 2 1 x 6 8 2 24
lim
12 2Re
x 3
lim
x 3
lim
x 3
2
2x 2 1 x 6 6 24
x3
x 3 2x 2 8 2
12 2Re z
12 2Re z
x3
lim 2x 2 8 2 12 2Re z
x 3
2 1
6 6 24
6
2 2 8
6 6 24
x 3
6 2 8 2 12 2 2 2 1.
2 1 6 8 2 6 7 0 1 .
z 1 i
z 7 i .
z 3 4i z 3 4i z 3 4i 5 z 32 4 z 5 5
2
5 z 5 5 0 z 10
153.
f : 0,1 0,
z x x 1 i , w f x i , x 0,1
58
x 0,1
z w
zw 2
i. w100 z ii. z w
z w
z w
iii. z kw
100
100
kz w
100
, k
zw 2
i. z 4 w 4 , ,
ii
100
u, wu, zu, u
OA OB AB z w z w
x2 x 1 f 2 x 1 f x x 2 x xf x x 1 0 .
2
g x xf x x 1
g 0 g 1 0
Bolzano
z w x2 x 1 f 2 x 1 f 2 x 2x 2 2x 1
2
f2 x 0
2x2 2x 0
x 0,1
2x x 1 0
x 0
2x 2x 0
2
f x 0
f x 0
f x 0
f 0 0
z i , w i
f 1 0
z 1, w i
z 1
100
i. w
100
50
f 0 0
f 1 0
zw 2 2 .
zw 2 .
w i
100
ii. z w
2i
i4
25
1 z
z w
100
1 i
1 i
100
100
50
50
2
2
1 i 1 i
2i 250 i50 250 i50

50
iii. z kw
100
zw
1 ki
100
i2 ki
100
i k i
i100 kz w
100
kz w
z i , w i
zw 2
i. z4 w4 i i4 i i4
u,wu, zu
ii.
4
100
1 1
AB u wu u 1 i u 2 , A u wu u 1 i u 2
B zu wu 2iu 2 u .
AB A
2
AB A B
59
100
f:
154.
gx
x3
z f t dt 3 z z x 1 0
z i
, ,
g .
g
z z
1
z
Re z 2
x 0 2, 3
f 2 0 , f 3
1
.
2
f x0 0 .
zf
x3
z f(t)dt
h(x) z f(t)dt
(x) h x 3
g(x) (x) 3 z
1
(x 1)
z
g(x) z f x 3 3x 2 3 z
g 1 0
g x g 1
1
.
z
x0 1
g
g
Fermat
g 1 0 z f 1 3 3 z
1
1
1
0 3 z 3 z z z .
z
z
z
2
z z
1
1
1
1
2
z z
zz z z
z
z
z
z
z z 1
z z 1

0 z 2 z 2 1 0 z 2 z 2 1
z z zz
z z zz
1
1 Re z2 .
2
z2 2 2 2i
z i
Re z2 2 2 .
zz zz
2Re z2
1
2 2 0 ( )( ) 0 .
2
0
0 0
f 2 f 3 0
155.
f 2 0
2,3
Bolzano
0.
f 3 0
x0 (2,3) : f x0 0 .
w e x x 1 i , x
0,1
z w 2 w 2i
w0
60
w 04k w 0 , k
4k
w 04k
z w2 w 2i ex x 1 i ex x 1 i 2i
2
z e2x 2ex x 1i x 1 e x x 1i 2i z e2x ex x 1 2e x x 1 x 1 i

f x 2e x 1 x 1 , x 0,1 .
f
f 0 f 1 0 .
f 0 2 1 1 0 , f 1 2 0
0,1
0,1
f 0
w e2x x 1
g x
Bolzano
0,1
Im z 0 z .
g x e2x x 1 , x
1
2 e2x x 1
2x
x 1
e2x x 1
e 2x x 1
g
h x e2x x 1, x
e2x x 1
h x 2e 1 0
2x
x0
h x h0 0
g x 0
x0
h x h0 0
g x 0
x0
g0 2
4k
4k
2
4k
w04k w0 1 i 1 i 1 i
2i
2k
2k
0, .
,0 .
w0 e0 0 1 i 1 i .
w
2k
2
1 i
2i 22k i2k 22k i2k

2k
2k
4k
2
k
w04k 1 i 1 i 22k i2k 22k i2 22k 1 .
tmin 1
k 2t , t .
k
61
w04k
kmin 4 .
f 3 x 3f x x 3
f:
156.
.
f 1 .
f x f 1 x .
f 1 f z 6 8i 1 3
z.
3 z 17 .
z i , ,
x4 8 x 5 0
2
0,1 .
f x 3 x 2 4 x 1 ,
2
157.
K 3, 4
z i
2
f x 0
0,1 .
2 z 1 2i 3 2 .
z 4 5i
lim
f x
x 2x 4
2
1.
f(x) x 3 z x z , x z * .
158.
f
.
f.
f x 0
lim
x 0
f x z
0, z .
159.
z.
z x f x xi , x
z z 1 z z
f 1 2 .
zx 2
f x 0
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
2,2 .
f 0 2
f.
lim
x 0
f x f2 x 6
x
62
xz w , x 1
f x 2
z x x w , x 1
160.
z,w
w 0.
z
w
z f i , w f i , ,
u
f x 0
, .
f 2 2f 1
w 4
z.
161.
z 1 f 1 i
z 9i 3 z i
z 3
f 2 1 8
x0 0,1
2x0 f 2 x0 5 4x0 .
3w iz 2
w
w.
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