:1

:
.1

.6

.11

.16

.11

.1

.7

.11

.17

.11

.3

.8

13

.18

.13

.4

.9

.14

.19

.5

.11

.15

.11

.1

( .)3:
() .
:1 .
:2 .
:3 .
:4 .

.1

( .)4:
.
:1 .
:2 - .
:3 .
:4 .

.3

( .)3:
.
:1 .
:2 , . .
:3 .
:4 , . .

.4

( .)4:
.
:1 .
:2 .
:3 .
:4 .

.5

( .)3:
.
( )1 .
( )2 .
( )3 .
( )4 - , .

.6

( .)4:
.
( )1 .
( )2 .
( )3 .
( )4 .

.7

( .)4:
, ,
.
. 4 .

.8

( .)2:
, :
:
.1 5" .
.2 7" .
" ":
.3 .
3 1 :2
:1 , .
.
:2 3" - , - .
.
:3 - 1 ,2 , 5"
, . .

 :4 8" - 1 ,2 5" 7" ,

. .

.9

(.)3
,
. . ,
:
:1 - ,
, .
:2 -
. ,
,
. .
:3 , - ,

, .
, .
:4 ,
- ,
. .

.11 (.)1
:1 , -
, . ,
.
:2 ,
, .
,
. "" , .
:3 ,
, .
. ,
.
:4 ,
, .

 .11 ( .)3:
:1 " " ,
. ,
.
,
, ,
. "" ,
. , .
:2 " " ,
. ,
.
, ,
( ) (
) . , .
:3 " " ,
. ,
. , .
:4 " " ,
.
, .
,
, , ,
. , .
.11 ( .)1:
:1 . ""
\ , . ,
.
:2 . ""
, , .
, "" , , ,
. , , .
, .
:3 . ""
, , .
,
, . , .

 :4 . ""
, , .
"" " " . , ""
, , . ,
. , .
.13 (.)3
, . :
" " , ( )
( )
( ) . ,
- . " : , ,
" , ,
.
, . 3 ,
.
.14 (.)1
"" "",
.
, "" "-" " .
"" "" ,
, .
1 ,
" " "" "" ,

"" "" ,
. 1 .
.15 (.)1
:1 , ..." :3-4
, " ,
, .
:2 , .
, .
. .
:3 , , . .

 :4 , ,
, .
.
.16 (.)1
" .
, .
:
:1 , ,
. .
"
, ,
. .
:2 , " ,
" . .
:3 ,
, .
.
:4 ,
, . .
.17 (.)2
, , "" "" .
"" "" ?
, ' , ,
. " "" "" ,
. 2 .

.18 (.)1
" :7-8 "" ,
, " . ,
"" . .
.19 (.)4
,11-11 , .
'
?' ' ' , .

 ,
, . '
' , .
, .
.11 (.)1
, ,
. , ,
.
. ,
. 1 .
.11 (.)2
" :11-12 ,
" . , ,11
. ] 2 .
.11 (.)3
" :25-22 ,
, " .
, .
11- ,
. 3 .
.13 (.)1
, ( ,
) , ( ) ,
( ) .
, 1 .

 :1
:
.1

.6

.11

.16

.11

.1

.7

.11

.17

.11

.3

.8

13

.18

.13

.4

.9

.14

.19

.5

.11

.15

.11

.1

( .)3:
.
:1 .
:2 .
:3 .
:4 .

.1

( .)3:
.
:1 .
:2 .
:3 .
:4 .

.3

( .)4:
.
:1 .
:2 , .
:3 ( , ).
:4 .

.4

( .)3:
.
:1 .
:2 .
:3 .
:4 .

.5

( .)1:
.
:1 .
:2 ().
:3 .
:4 , .

.6

( .)3:
, .
:1 ( ).
:2 .
:3 , .
:4 , .

.7

(.)1
, , " .
( )
( ) . " " ,
. " " (
) - .
. 1 .

.8

(.)1
:1 - ,
, .
.
: 2 , ,

. .
:3 , ,
.
, . .
:4 , ,
.
. .

.9

(.)1
- , ' -' , ' ,
' ' ' . 1 ' -' , ( ')
, ' ' . -
, .

.11 ( .)3:
, "' '" "' '" .
' ' ,' ' . ,
.
, . :
( )1 ,- ' -' , ' ' .
. .
( )2 , ' ' , -' ' . .
( )3 ,- ' -' , -' -' .
, . .
( )4 , ' -' ( ' -'
) -' -' , -' ' -' . .
.11 (.)3
,
. ,
, . 3
, .
.11 ( .)4:
, ,
. ,
. :
:1 , ' ,
. .
:2 ,
. , .
:3 , ,
, .
.
:4 17 , ' ,
' , . .

 .13 (.)2
:1 ,
.
, . .
:2 ,
. ,
11- .
.
:3 ,3 ,
. ,
. .
:4 ,71-
.11- , .
.14 ( .)2:
" :2'""+'" "-'" . "'" -' , ' .
, ' -' -
' . -' ' , .
.
.15 (.)4
" :1 " . ,
.
, ,
. , ,
"" . , .
" :2 " . ,
.
, , . ,
, .
" " "" , .
" :3 " .
, .
, ,
. , ,
. " " "" , .
" :4 " , . ,
. , .

 .16 (.)2
:1 , " ,
. , .
, ,
. " :
" . , .
:2 , " ,
. , " .
, .
:3 , " ,
. , .
, , " .
. ,
" " , . ,
.
:4 , " ,
. , .
,
. , .
( ,
, ) " "
. , .
.17 (.)4
:1 " " .
.
, " "
. , ( )
. , " "
. .
:2 " " .
.
, " " ,
. .
, .
:3 " " .
.

 , " " ,
. ,
" " . , .
:4 " " .
. ,
.

.18 (.)4
,1-2 , .11-
" "
. 4 .
.19 (.)2
, " "
( ,)7 ,
. " " ,
. 2 .
.11 (.)4
,15 ,
( ) , .
4 .
.11 (.)1
" ,23 " , .

,
, . 1 .

.11 (.)1
,31-31 . ,3%--
,14% ,24% - . 1 .

 .13 ( .)1:
,
, .
, ,
. 1 .

 :1
:

.1

.1

.6

.11

.16

.1

.7

.11

.17

.3

.8

13

.18

.4

.9

.14

.19

.5

.11

.15

.11

( .)1:
' - .

1
x 7
2
1
x 7
2
1
1
7
2x

1 14x
1
14

, x 1 .

' : .
x .

1
1
(14 7 1 )1
14
2

14
14
. 7 7 ,
7 1 7
2
2
1

. 1 .

.1

( .)4:
' - .
FC ,1- BF 2 FC . BF ,2
, .8=4*2 BC BF ,FC- .3=2+1 ABC
, BC ,3 .1=3*3

8
:
9

, 4 .

' - .
. , .

BC 3
BF 2 ,FC BC BF- :
BF 2

BC . ,

3*3 9
BF . :
2* 4 8

.3

, 4 .

( .)3:
' - .
, . :
,x- ,x+1 - .x+2 - 8-
, :

)x *( x 1) 8 ( x 1)( x 2
x2 x 8 x2 2x x 2
x 2 x 8 x 2 3x 2
6 2x
x3
X , , 3 .
'- .
, .
, , -
8- .
( 5 )1 ,5 2 .7- ,31=2*5 :
,42=7*2 : 42-31=12 ,8 .
( 2 )2 ,2 7 .8- ,42=7*2 :
.52=8*7 : 52-42=14 ,8 .
( 3 )3 ,3 4 .5- ,12=4*3 :
,21=5*4 : ,21-12=8 .

( 4 )4 ,4 5 .2- ,21=5*4 :
.31=2*5 31-21=11 ,8 .

.4

( .)4:
ABCDE .
AE ,EC .
,11- CED .11-
, CDE ABC .21-
CED "" 31-21-11

a
. 1: 3 : 2 , CDE ,a ED -
2

a
a 3
* 3
2
2

, EC -

a a
, AD ,a- AE :
2 2

. AD ED a

AE ,EC- :

a a 3 a2 3
*

2 2
4

.5

, AD * EC 4 .

( .)3:
.
8 : 4 , 51 71- ,
51 ," .51*4=211 8-4=4 , 111
131- , 111.111*4=411 ,
" 211=211+411 , ,1+4 2+3
.
8 : : 4 , 51 71- ,
71 ," .71*4=281 8-4=4 , 111
131- , 131.131*4=521 ,
" 521+281=811 . 3 .

.6

( .)1:
- .
, . ,a

a 1
.3a -
3a 3

1
9

, -

1
3

, ( ) 2 1 .

' - .
, .

a2 3
: ,a - ,a - -
4
a 2 3 6* a 2 3 3a 2 3
-

4
4
2

*. 6

: ,3a - ,3a - -

9a 2 3 6*9a 2 3 3*9a 2 3 27a 2 3

(3a) 2 3 9a 2 3
, -

4
4
2
2
4
4

*. 6

, :

27a 2 3
27a 2 3 27 9
2
, ,1:1 1 .

3 1
3a 2 3
3a 2 3
2

.7

( .)3:
' - .
-x -y , ." 32 :
.x+y=36 5 ,
4 . , 5 " 5x , 4
" 4y , (
5 4 ) .5x=4y :
, :

x y 36
5x 4 y
y 36 x
5x
y
4
5x
36 x
4
5 x 36* 4 4 x
9 x 36* 4
36* 4 4* 4

16
9
1

y , ( x

, ).
,X=16 3 .
' - .
.
( 11 )1 ,11 .32-11=17- 5
" 15 5*19=95 , 4 " 28 17*4=68 .
, .
( 17 )2 ,17 .32-17=11- 5
" 85 5*17=85 , 4 " 72 19*4=76 .
, .
( 12 )3 ,12 .36-16=20- 5
81 5*16=80 , 4 " 81 4*20=80 .
, .
( 14 )4 ,14 .36-14=22 - 5
" 71 5*14=70 , 4 " 88 22*4=88 .
, .

.8

( .)2:
"" 2 " " . ,
,11% , .
( 2111 )1 " " 2 - , "" 8 - , 4 "
" .
( 2112 )2 " " 3 - , "" 2 - , 2 "
" , .

( 2113 )3 " 3 - , "" 3.5 - , 2 "

, .
( 2112 )4 " " 4 - , "" - , 2 "
" , .

.9

( .)2:
, 2111 2111 ,
+ ( " ") 111% 2111- ,2111-
111% ,2 .

.11 ( .)1:
41% 2114 ( 4) 15% "" ( ) ,
. 1 .
.11 ( .)3:
11% 2112 , 2113 35%- 25% .2112
2114 41%- 5% .2113 2115 45%-
5% .2114 2112 55%- 11% .2115
.2113 - (
)2111
. 3 .
.11 ( .)4:

1
' 5- , :
5

( - , 5 -).

1
' 11- , :
10

( - , 11 -).

, :

1 1
2 1
3

5 10 10 10 10

3 11- .

3
1
, :3-

10 10
3
10
1
3
3
3

, , :

, 3- ( ) , 4 .

 .13 ( .)4:
' - .
a , a+b+c+d
a :
b ,a=1 2 a- C .b=2 2 b- D .b=2*2=4 2 c- .d=2*4=8
a+b+c+d ,15=1+2+4+8 :- ,15- .
4 .
' - .
a B . 2 a- C .b=2a 2 b- D .c=2*2a=4a 2 c-
.d=2*4a=8a
a+b+c+d ,a+2a+4a+8a=15a : ,15-
. 4 .
.14 ( .)4:

2
2
1
:

2
2* 2
2

, ,

1
:
2
1
()1
2

.
, .

2
2
2
2
1
2

()2

8
4*2
4* 2 2 2
2
8

, .

8
4*2
4 * 2 2* 2
2
2
1
8

()3

4
2*2
2*2
2*2
2
4
2* 2
2

16
4
1
16
()4

16
4* 4 4
16

, , .

 .15 ( .)2:
' - .
81% . -111 , 81
( 81% ) .
,111-81 =21 2- :

20
10
2

, 11 , 11 11 . 11% ,111- ,x=10

2 .
' - .

8y
81% . -y ,
10
( 81% ) . :

8 y 10 y 8 y 10 y 8 y 2 y

10 10 10
10
10

. y

, , :2-

2y
y 10 2 y y
,y- , 11% . x-
.

20 10
10 2
,11- 2 .
.16 ( .)1:

(a3 a 2b)(a b)2

a 2 b2

)a 2 (a b)(a b)(a b

)(a b)(a b

a 2 , .

, :

)a 2 ( a b
a 2 ( a b ) a 3 a 2b
, 1 .
1
.17 ( .)4:
, 121- ,

120 1

360 3

. - ,

, - , .
.3-
,2 - .3 - . r 2 * h *22 *3 *4*3 12 :

12
, , 4 :3-
3

, 4

.
.18 ( .)4:
, ,
"" , ,
. , 4- , .
, ,
, .
, :
' ,1+1+1+1+1.5 :.4.5 -
' ,1+1+1+1.5+1.5 :.4 -
' ,1+1+1.5+1.5+1.5 :.3.5 -
' ,1+1.5+1.5+1.5+1.5 :.3 -
, , "
. 4 .
.19 ( .)4:
CO ,BO-
AB .AC- ,11-
, ABCO
, BC ""-
. 1:1: 2

, 8 , 2
8
8

4 2 :
2
2

, ,2- .

, ABOC .COB
. 22 4 :ABOC
:COB COB ,11- -

*4
4

*22 *90
360

r 2 *
360

ABOC ,COB , 4 : 4 .

 .11 ( .)1:
' - .
, c a*b
c- . a b-
. , a*b ,1-
, a * b * c c a*b ,1- c- ,c-
. . a * b 1 ,1
' - .

1
3

, , a 2, b , c 1 : :

1
1
2 (2)*( )*1 1
3
3
1 2
1
3 3

, 2 , :

2
1
( 1 (2)*( ) 1 a * b 1 )1
3
3

, , .

( 1 c )2 c 1- ,1- .
()3

a c , a ,2- c ,1-
c ,a .

( a 0 )4 a , ,)-2( - .

1
1 .4, c 4 :
2

1
3

, a , b

1 1 1 1
* *4 4
3 2 3 2
1 1 2
4
3 2 3

, , 1 :4

1
1 1
( 1 * 1 a * b 1 )1
6
3 2

, , .

( a<0)4 a , .
, 1 .

 :1
:

.1

.1

.6

.11

.16

.1

.7

.11

.17

.3

.8

13

.18

.4

.9

.14

.19

.5

.11

.15

.11

( .)3:
, 4- ,3 5- .3
:
( 28 )1 4- , .
( 25 )2 5- , .
( 23 )3 5- 4 ,3 4- 5 .3 .
( 21 )4 5- 4 ,1 3 .

.1

( .)3:
2 . 22 4 - :4-
( )1 ,2- . 1:1: 2

2
:
2

2
2
4
*
2
,2 2 2 4 1 :
, ,4-
2
2 4
.

( )2 -
4

, :

3
16

2
16

* , r *( ) ,4- .
2

( )3 4 ,1- , ,4=4*1 : .
( )4 ,4- ,2:

4* 4 16

8
2
2

, 4- .

.3

( .)4:
- , 9 :

r 2 9
r2 9
r 3
.3- AC 2" , 2 .
AC . , ABC 11 , 4

.4

( .)3:
' - .
, ,
, .
( 47 )1 15- , 22- 11- 47- ".
.
( 51 )2 15- , 25- 11- 51- ".
.
( 52 )3 , " 52 , .
( 58 )4 18- , 25- 15- 58- ".
.
' - .

. 2 3
, , .2 3 .

.5

( .)4:
' : .
x y- , , x- y- , x- y- -
. x y- , .
:
( X*y )1 - x- y- , - .
.
( X*y )2 - x- y- - , - .
.

( X-y )3 - - x- y- , - ,
.
( X-y )4 - x- y- , . x- y-
, . , .
' : .
x y- x+y , . .2+4=6 ,y=2 ,x=4
:
( X*y )1 - 8 ,4*2=8 . .
( X*y )2 8 ,4*2=8 . ,
.
( X-y )3 2 ,4-2=2 . .
( X-y )4 2 ,4-2=2 . ,
.
, . .5+3=8 ,y=3 ,x=5 2:4-
( X*y )2 15 ,5*3=15 , .
( x-y)4 2 ,5-3=2 , .
.

.6

( .)3:
181 . ,AOD AOD . 180 50 130 -

COB AOD . 130 - ,COB

, 180 OCB COB 180 70 (130 ) 110 130 20 - 3 .

.7

( .)4:
' : .

a
2

a2

.2-

2a 4 a

4 a
4 a

, .
4 .

' : .
:
()1

0 a 2 .1 : a=1 :

1
2

1 2
1
2

3 , , .

( 2 a )2 .3 : a=3 :

3
2

3 2
1
2

()3

, , .

5 1

4 a 0 .-1 : ) a=(-1 :

)(1
2

1 2
1
2

()4

, , .

a 4 .-5 : ) a=(-5 :

5
2
, , , .
1
3 2
2
5 2

.8

( .)2:
' : .
21 , 1- 2 ,
. 11 . -x : ,
2 60-x .2x-
( 21 " , x- ) , ,
.1(60-x)=60-x-" 11 , :

2 x (60 x) 90
2 x 60 x 90
3x 150
x 50
x , 2 .
' : .
, 11- .
2 .

( 45 )1 45- , 60-45=15- . :
,45*2-15=90-15=75 11- , .
( 51 )2 51- , 60-50=10- . :
,50*2-10=100-10=90 11 , .
( 31 )3 31- , 60-30=30- . :
,30*2-30=30 11- , .
( 41 )4 41- , 60-40=20- . :
,40*2-20=60 11- , .

.9

( .)3:
- , 12:11
7 . -
, 2:11 ) (-10 . :
, 7 (10) 7 10 17 3 .

.11 ( .)1:
4:11 ,11:11- .
- ( ) , 1 , 1 .
.11 ( .)1:
1- ,1-

1 , 1- ,18:31 .12:31
1 .
.11 ( .)1:
4 ( 4 )
( ).
( )1 14:11 12:11- 4 3- 4-,
2- 5- . , .
( )2 21:11 12:11- 4 3- (-5.5)-
, , .
( )3 14:11 18:11- (-4) - ,3-
, .
( )4 18:11 12:11- 3- 7- ,
, .

 .13 ( .)3:
' : .

60 x 3x
-x . 21%- ,

100 5

. 21%-

40 x 2 x
, 41%- ( ) , -

100
5

.
7- , ,

3x
,7 - 7 -
5

, :

3x
2x
7
5
5
3 x 35 2 x
x 35

3 .

' : .
" "" .
( 17 )1 17 " . 21%- ,

60*17 3*17 51
1

5 :
100
5
5
5

, , .

( 21 )2 21 " . 21%- ,

60*20 1200

12 :
100
100

, , 8 20-12=8

. 7- , ,
12-7=5 .
, .
( 35 )3 35 " . 21%- ,

60*35 3*35 3*7

21 :
100
5
1

, , 35-21=14

14 . 7- ,
, 14 21-7=14 .
, .
( 45 )4 45 " . 21%- ,

60*45 3*45 3*9

27 :
100
5
1

, , 18 45-27=18

. 7- ,

 , 27-7=15- .
, .
.14 ( .)1:
. ,
( )-1 a (-1)- , a .(-1)-
1 .
.15 .)2:
, :

$( x) x4 7 x 2 10 x 8
$(5) $(5) 54 7*52 10*5 8 [(5)4 7*(5) 2 10*(5) 8]

54 7 *52 50 8 (54 7 *52 50 8)

54 7 *52 42 54 7 *52 50 8
42 50 8 100
2 .
.16 ( .)1:
' : .
AEFD BEFC- 2-" .ABCD
?ABCD- EF
. .EF=3 ,2EF=6 :
EF ,DCE DC- . :

a * h 8*3 24

12
2
2
2

, 1 .

' : .
AEFD BEFC- 2-" .ABCD ,
:

AB BC CD DA 6 AE EF FD DA EB BC CF EF
,CF+FD=CD ,AE+EB=AB : :

6 EF EF
2 EF 6
EF 3
EF ,DCE DC- . :

a * h 8*3 24

12
2
2
2

, 1 .

.17 ( .)4:
' : .
.AO AB ,r-
AOB ,r- 21- .
OBA 21- . OBA
,AD .AD
, , OBA 60 : 4 .
' : .
.AO AB ,r- AOB
,r- 21- . AOB 21- AOD
AOB 181- . AOD 180 AOB 180 60 120 : AOD .AD
.AD
,AD 2 , AOD

AOD 120

,121- 60 :
2
2

, 4 .

.18 ( .)3:
' : .
a,b 12- 2- b,c .15- :

a b 12 b c 15

2
3
3
a b 12 b c 15 6

.3-

a 12 c 21
a c 21 12
ac 9
3 .
' : .

a b 12 b c 15

2 :
3
3
( .a=5+c A-c=5 )1 :

c 5 b 12 b c 15

2
3
3
c b 17 b c 15 6
b c 17 b c 21
17 21

, .
( ,a=c+2 A-c=2 )2 :

c 2 b 12 b c 15

2
3
3
c b 14 b c 15 6
b c 14 b c 21
14 21
, .
( ,a=c+9 A-c=9 )3 :

c 9 b 12 b c 15

2
3
3
c b 21 b c 15 6
b c 21 b c 21
21 21
, ( .)4
.19 ( .)4:
' : .
A B- 1 ,1- AB - . AB 5
. - .1,3,5,7,1
)1+1( 18 . AB 5 ,
1 ,3 ,5,7 ,1 A+B- 5
. ,3 ( 15 5,3-
) . !1 5 ,1-
.5- ,41 1
)4+1=5( 5 . ,5- 4 .
' : .
, , 5
. .
:4
( 5 )4 - ,5- 5 .
, :

 -23 ,5- 5 .
.
-41 ,5- 5 .1
, .
.11 ( .)4:
' : .
p , n 1- ,n

1
. ( )1
n

n ) . p , p
. ,

1
, , , ' ...
n

1 p 1p
1
p , .p , ( ) p p : 4 .
n
n
n
' : .
.n=4 ,p=3 , 1- ,4

1
?1 1
4

1 1 1 1
"( 1-" "") . -

4 4 4 43

* * .

1
1
( 4 )1
n
p
3
p 3
()2

n 4

, , .

, , .

1
1
1
()3

np 4*3 12
1
1
( 3 )4
p
n
4

, , .

, .

 :1
:
.1

.6

.11

.16

.11

.1

.7

.11

.17

.11

.3

.8

13

.18

.4

.9

.14

.19

.5

.11

.15

.11

.1

, .
(.)2
-personally :1 .
-particularly :2 ,.
-mutually :3 .
-mercifully :4.

.1

.
(.)1
-earn :1 ,.
-omit :2 ,.
-wrap :3 ,.
-leak :4 ,.

.3

, .
(.)4
-smell :1.
-sense :2.
-score :3.
-shape :4.

.4

"" , .
(.)4
-solution :1.
-principle :2.
-interest :3 ,.
-absence :4 ,.

.5

,16- ; .
(.)3
-foreigners :1 ,.
-spectacles :2 ,.
-rivals :3.
-reminders :4.

.6

, .
(.)2
-whether :1 , ...
-despite :2.
-before :3.
-since :4.

.7

.
(.)4
-arranged :1.
-defined :2.
-measured :3.
-puzzled :4 ,.

.8

- , , , .
(.)3
-malicious :1 ,.
-hilarious :2 , .
-versatile :3 ,.
-maternal :4.

.9

,1815- ' " :

".
(.)3
:1' 1815- .
' . .
:2 ,'
.1775-1815
, ,
. .
:3 ' , 1775.1815-
, .
:4 1775-' .
, .

.11 - .
(.)1
:1 - ,
. , .
:2 - ,
.
,
( ) . , .
.
:3 - .
,
( ) . .
.

 :4 , -.
,
( ) . .
.11 ' ?
(.)2
:1 ' - ?
' , ,
.
:2 ' . ,
.
:3 ' ?
' ,
.
:4 ' .
, ' , .
.
.11 , , ,
.
(.)2
:1 , , .
, ( )
. . .
:2 .
.
:3
.
, ,
, . .
:4 , ,
.
, ,
. .

 1
.13 (.)3
4 , 5
"( "first) , , 3 .
.14 (.)4
,7-12 ,
''' ,' '- ' , ,
. , , . 4
.

.15 (.)3
:1 , .
.
:2 ,
. .
:3 - ,
, , . .
:4 , .
.16 (.)1
.
,
, .
. 1 .
.17 (.)2
:1 - ,
.
:2 - .
, ,
.
.

 :3 - ,
.
.
:4 - ,
.

1
.18 (.)4
:1 , .
:2 , .
.
:3 , , ' . ,
. .
:4 , , . .
.19 (.)1
,5-2 ,
. 1 .
.11 (.)2
" " .
, .
2 .
.11 (.)2
subsequently ' ' , 12 '
' . 2 .
.11 (.)1
21-24 ,
( ) ( ) , 1 .

 :1
:
.1

.6

.11

.16

.11

.1

.7

.11

.17

.11

.3

.8

13

.18

.4

.9

.14

.19

.5

.11

.15

.11

.1

114 , .
(.)1
-lowest :1 .
-flattest :2 .
-heaviest :3 .
-smallest :4 .

.1

.
(.)2
-construct :1 , ,.
-represent :2.
-surround :3 ,.
-determine :4 ,.

.3

, .
(.)2
-amount :1.
-quality :2.
-space :3.
-route :4.

.4

, , .
(.)1
-besides :1 , ...
-without :2.

 -inside :3.
-around :4.

.5

' , 1883 ,1916- .

(.)1
-inspired :1 .
-resented :2 ,.
-defied :3 , ,.
-excluded :4 , ,.

.6

' ,the forty second parallel

.
(.)2
-insulted :1.
-introduced :2 ,.
-instructed :3 ,.
-informed :4 ,.

.7

" .
(.)3
-administration :1.
-persuasion :2.
-illiteracy :3 ,.
-generosity:4.

.8

,
.
(.)4
-inevitable :1 .
-intolerable :2 .
-indifferent :3 , .
-insufficient :4 .


.9

, .
(.)3
:1 , , .
, .
.
:2 , , , .
, , .
.
:3 , . ,
.
:4 , .
, .

.11 ,11-
.1959-
(.)3
:1 , ,21- ,1151
.
, ,21-
. .
:2 , ,1151- ,
.21-
, .
:3 ,1151-
,21- . ,
.
:4 ,1151- ,
.21-
, ,
. .

 .11 .
(.)2
:1 .
,
. .
:2 .
, .
:3 .
, .
.
:4 -
.
, ,
.
.11 , " " .
(.)1
:1 " " .
.
:2 " " ,
. , . .
:3 , " " .
" " . .
:4 .
, " " , . .

1
.13 (.)2
:1 " " , ,
. .
:2 . ,
,
, .
.
:3 , .
:4 , .
.

 .14 (.)2
. ,
, , .
, 2 .
.15 (.)2
,11-12 , -
. , ,
. ,
. 2 .
.16 (.)1
,11-21 , , .
, . 1 .
.17 (.)3
21-22 , .12
. 3 .

1
.18 (.)4
:1 ,
. .
:2 .
.
:3 ,
. .
:4
. .
.19 (.)3
,1-4 15- . ,
, ,
. 3 .

 .11 (.)2
:1 , ,
,
. .
:2 ,12-13 " " ,
,
( ) .
.
:3 ,
. .
:4 , .
.
.11 (.)2
,13-12 ,
. "" , agency- , 2 .

.11 (.)4
.
,C. koop
, ( , ) . 4
.