Basic Principles of

Computed Tomography
Dr. Kazuhiko HAMAMOTO
Dept. of Infor. Media Tech.
Tokai University

What is the CT?

Mathematical transform to the measured data.

Reconstruct n dimension function (image)
=> projection data of n 1 dimension
Radon Transform (1917)
Two dimension and three dimension object can
be reconstructed from the infinite set of projection
data.
The First CT: 1973 in the U.S.
4 minutes scan, thickness of 10mm

Concept of CT

Getting the shape by back projection of the projection data.

For example, outward view is the quadrangle => it is the cylin

CT
Algorithm

Basic principle of CT
-Reconstruction of 2 dimensional image-

Projection Data curvilinear integral of absorption coefficient regarding Y

y

y
ra
X-

y
ra
ar
or
ct
te
de

object

X-ray
tube
Data Acquisition field

Reconstruction field

Simple Backprojection

Blur

Basic principle of CT
-Reconstruction of 2 dimensional image-

Projection Data
y

Filtered Projection data

x
x

or

Reconstruction Filter

Multidirectional
Backprojection

Filtered Backprojection

Reconstruction process
f ( x, y ) : absorption coefficient (to be reconstructed) [Np/m]
I 0 ( x) : incident intensity, I ( x) : attenuated intensity
attenuated intensity : I ( X ) I 0 ( X )e

f ( x , y ) dY

I0 ( X )
f ( x, y )dY ln
I(X )

projection data : p( X , )

1
jUX
Filtered data : p f ( X , )
P
(
U
,

e
dX

2
where P(U , ) is 1D FFT of p ( X , )

Back projection : f ( x, y ) p f ( x cos y sin , )d

0

Reconstruction process
Radon Transform : P (U , ) F (U ,0)
where F (u, v) is 2D - FFT of f ( x, y )
Data acquisition at angle : 0 180 degree

Obtain F(u,v) and then 2D IFFT -> reconstruction

Radon Transform is equivalent to Filtered backprojection

Example of Simulation

Model Image

Simple
Backprojection

Filtered
Backprojection