LEGIONS BESO ease.WNgN B03 3) AUN Oe OU Oce WU Y SON Ce Ub) oe GLORY @ ‘MING COMPANIONWritten by Richard Bodley Scott, assisted by Nik Gaukroger, James Hamilton and Paul Robinson OspREY a PUBLISHINGFirst published in Great Britain in 2008 by Osprey Publishing Lid. © 2008 Osprey Publishing Ltd and Slitherine Software UK Lid. ‘Osprey Publishing, Midland House, West Way, Botley, Oxford OX? OPH, UK 4143 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016, USA E-mail: info@ospreypublishingcom Slitherine Software UK Ltd,,The White Cottage, # West Hill Avene, Epsom, KT 19 BLE, UK E-mail: info@slitherine co.uk All rights reserves. past from any fair dealing for the purpose of private sty esearch, eritilsm oF review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication smay be reproduced stored ina retreyal system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, ‘electrical, chemical, mechanieal, optical, photocopying, seeording or otherwise, without the prior ‘writen permission ofthe copyright owner Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers. ACIP catalogue recon for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978 1 84605 548 3 ules system written by Richard Bosley Sot, Simon Hall and Terry Shaw Page nyu by Myriam Bell Index by Alan Thatcher ‘Typeset in Joanna Pro and Sleepy Hollow Cover artwork by Peter Dennis Photography by Duncan Macfarlane Wargames ustrated Page design features supplied by istockphoto.com All arework and cartography © Osprey Publishing Lid Originated by PDQ Media, UK Printed in China through Worlprint Led Project management by JD MeNil & Osprey Team. Technical management by Iain MeNeil O09 1011 12 10987654321 FORA CATALOGUE OF ALL HOOKS PUBLISHED BY OSPREY MILITARY AND AVIATION PLEASE CONTACT: [NORTH AMERICA Osprey Direct, c/o Random House Distribution Center, 400 Hahn Rozd, ‘iestminster, MD 21157 Email: infor@ospreyirec.com ALL OTHER REGIONS (Osprey Direct UK, PO. Box 140 Wellingborough, Northants, NB 2A, UK smal: info(@onpreyirect cok FOR DETAILS OF ALL GAMES PUBLISHED BY SLITHERINE SOFTWARE UK [TD smal: ino(@slitherine co.uk Osprey Publishing s supporting the Woodland Trust, the UK's leading woodland ‘conservation charity, by funding the dedication of wees. -wenspreypublishing com snwslitherine comCONTENTS INTRODUCTION PRINCIPATE ROMAN Principate Roman Allies DOMINATE ROMAN Dominate Roman Allies FOEDERATE ROMAN KUSHAN OR INDO-SKYTHIAN Kushan or Indo-Skythian Allies EARLY GERMAN Farly German Allies ANCIENT BRITISH EARLY SCOTS IRISH Farly Scots-Irish Allies DACIAN OR CARPI Dacian or Carpi Allies Emesan Allies LATER SARMATIAN Later Sarmatian Allies EARLY ALAN Early Alan Allies JEWISH REVOLT CALEDONIAN EARLY PICTISH SASSANID PERSIAN EARLY VISIGOTHIC OR EARLY VANDAL Farly Visigothic or Barly Vandal Allies Middle Armenian Allies 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 42 45 46 48 52 PALMYRAN EARLY FRANKISH, ALAMANNI, BURGUNDI, LIMIGANTES, QUADI, RUGIL, SUEBI OR TURCILINGI Farly Frankish, Alamanni, Burgundi, Limigantes, Quadi, Rugii, Suebi or Turcilingi Allies EARLY ANGLO-SAXON, BAVARIAN, FRISIAN, OLD SAXON OR THURINGIAN Early Anglo-Saxon, Bavarian, Frisian, Old Saxon or Thuringian Allies EARLY OSTROGOTHIC, HERUL, SCIRI OR TAIFALI Farly Ostrogothic, Herul, Sciri or Taifali Allies GEPID OR EARLY LOMBARD Gepid or Early Lombard Allies WESTERN HUNNIC Western Hunnie Allies, HEPHTHALITE HUNNIC Hephthalite Hunnic Allies Chionite Hunnic Allies Sabir Hunnic Allies Armorican Allies APPENDIX | — USING THE LISTS APPENDIX 2 ~ THEMED TOURNAMENTS: 55 59 62 64 67 69 73 76 79LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT INTRODUCTION Field of Glory is a historical miniature tabletop ‘wargaming rules system for anyone interested in recreating the battles of ancient and medieval eras, This companion is designed to be used alongside the Fieli of Glory rulebook and covers the armies of the Roman Empire and its opponents from 25 BC to 493 AD: from the first Emperor, Augustus, until the final demise of the Western Roman Empire As you look at each army, you will find the following sections: * Brief historical notes on the army, its battles its famous weapons and/or troop types. Roman troops on the march + A ready-to-play starter army — just put it together and play a balanced small game + Instructions for building a customised army using our points system, + A table with the full list of compulsory and ‘optional troops. * Supporting illustrations to give you a flavour of the period + Miniatures photographs. Most of the eventual territories of the Roman Empire had already been conquered by 25 BC Field of Glory Companion 1: Rise of Rome: Republican Rome at War.However, after a period of consolidation and re-organisation under Augustus, some further territorial expansions were made. Britain was invaded in 43 AD and successfully conquered The Rhine/Danube salient was conquered in Germany in order to shorten the frontier. Dacia, north of the Danube, was conquered by 106 AD. The former client states in the East were progressively annexed and made into Roman provinces, advancing the Empire to the Parthian frontier. The resulting borders were maintained until the 3rd century, when a series of wars against Germanic tribes and endemic civil wars resulted in the loss of the Rhine-Danube salient and Dacia, Jeaving the Northern frontier ofthe empire firmly oon the lines of the Rhine and Danube By the end of the 3rd century, the constant pressure on the borders of the empire made a reorganisation necessary. Under Diocletian, the army was expanded and the empire divided into Eastern and Western halves, each under its own Augustus (senior emperor) and Caesar (junior emperor). Less emphasis was placed on forward defence, and more on defence in depth, with gradually expanding central field armies. As time went on, the Eastern and Western parts of the Empire became more separate and co-operated less, Many underlying reasons proposed for the eventual fall of the Western Roman Empire, but from a military point of view the main feature was increasing pressure have been. INTRODUCTION on the northern frontier from waves of displaced Germanic tribes, pushed westwards by the advance of the Huns. In the early Sth century, the frontier defences collapsed. Migrating tribes forced their way into the Empire and seized areas of territory. Initially a favourable “spin” was put on this and these tribes were officially granted land and employed as foederati to help defend against the further waves of tribes coming up behind. As the century progressed, however, several tribes dispensed with this polite fiction and set up their own independent kingdoms in former Roman territories. The last puppet emperor in Italy, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed by the foederate Odoacer in 476. By 493, Italy was ruled by the Ostrogoths, southern Gaul (southern France) and most of Spain by the Visigoths, northern Gaul (northern France) by the Franks and North Africa by the Vandals, ‘The Eastern Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople (modern Istanbul), by contrast, weathered the storms of the Sth century, and even re-conquered several portions of the Western Empire in the 6th century. Known to historians as the Byzantine Empire (but to its inhabitants as the Roman Empire) it continued until Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. (See our companion volumes, Field of Glory Companion 7: Decline and Fall: Byzantium at War, Field of Glory Companion 4: Swords and and Field of Glory Companion 6: Eternal Empire:The Ottomans at War.) Scimitars: The CrusadesLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT PRINCIPATE ROMAN This list covers the Imperial Roman army from 25 BC to 284 AD, from the reforms of Augustus until the accession of Diocletian. During most of this period, the official title of the emperor was Princeps (roughly First Citizen), hence the list name, although this was being superseded by the end of the period LEGIONS As in the Republic, Roman legionaries were heavy infantry, armed with a large shield, sword (gladius) and heavy throwing spear (pilum). At least in the earlier part of the period they wore metal body armour, initially mail but from the first half of the Ist century AD the famous lorica Roman Centurion, Signifer and Acquilifer, ly Ronald Embleton. Taken {rom Men-at-Arms 46: The Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan.PRINCIPATE ROMAN Roman Legion segmentata of overlapping plate strips. From the mid-3rd century, monumental depictions show muscled cuirasses. These have variously been interpreted as leather armour, adopted for cost reasons as the army expanded, or as artistic convention. If later legionaries wore metal armour it was probably mail. Legionaries wore metal helmets throughout the period, though the simplified and manufacture. The large semi-cylindrical shield of the Ist century gradually became more oval and flat as time went on. The short gladius was style became easier to replaced by the longer spatha The full official heavy infantry strength of a legion in the Principate period was 5,120, consisting of one cohort of 800 men and 9 cohorts of 480 men each, In addition there were 120 Roman Auxiliary cavalry attached cavalry, probably acting as messengers and scouts. There was also attached artillery. AUXILIA As part of Augustus’ reforms, the ad-hoc units raised from subject nations were replaced by regular auxiliary units of horse (alae) and foot (cohortes). Typical auxiliaries wore mail armour, at least in the earlier part of the period, carried oval shields, sword and a lighter throwing spear (lancea) TROOP NOTES We allow for the various theories regarding legionary and auxiliary armour. The extent to which the tactical role of auxiliary foot differed from that of the legions is debatable. We therefore give the option for them to be graded as Medium Foot or Heavy Foot Alae milliaria were of higher status than other cavalry, However, from about 260 AD, cavalry became strategically more important and favoured by the perors, some of whom, like Aurelian, had been the commander of the cavalry force based at Milan. One of the first units of contarii was an ala milliaria, Equites Hyricani raised from the mid-third century onwards may have been PRINCIPATE ROMANLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT Legionary artillery, and Balearic slinger, by Ronald Embleton. Taken from Men-at-Arms 93: The Roman Army from Hadrian to Constantine.PRINCIPATE ROMAN. ‘unarmoured light horse with javelins, or may have been conventional armoured equites — we allow for both possibilities. In Arrian’s order of battle against the Alans, local and Roman auxiliary archers from different units were deployed behind the legions and auxiliaries to assist in repelling the Alan charge ‘Although they only formed a single rank behind the other foot, their effect is best repre: wed by incorporating archers into legionary or auxiliary (non-archer) foot battle groups in the ratio of 1 light foot archer base to 2 legionary/auxiliary bases. When used in this way they are treated and E ROMAN STARTER ARM Field Commander 2x Troop Commander paid for as the same quality and training as the rest of the battle group. Legionaries were sometimes equipped with heavy clubs in addition to their normal weapons in order to fight against cataphracts. This tactic is first mentioned in 272 AD, used by veteran local legions against the Palmyrans. It is also mentioned in two later battle accounts In accordance with the Field of Glory design philosophy of classifying troops according to their primary fighting style, it is not treated as a separate capability but subsumed into the superior status of veteran legions. Fach comprising 4 bases of legionaries: Superior, Armoured, Drilled Heavy Foot ~ Impact Foot, Skilled Swordsmien z 5 | 2 sar onany Ra Upon Aone Dee Meta Sey Son eG Foot — Light Spear, Skilled Swordsmen_ “Fach comprising 4 bases of auxiliary foot: Average, Armoured, Drilled Legionaries 4.BGs Auxiliary foot 2 BGs Medium or Heavy Foot ~ Light Spear, Swordsmen | = bases of auxiliary cavalry: Average, Armoured, Drilled Cavalry — poy 1 BG Light Spear, Swordsmen a Falter eeivail pg. tbases of equites sagitari: Average, Unprotected, Drilled Light Horse ~ Bow TBG | 6 bases of slingers! Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Ligh | Fortiied camp Lt Fortified camp oe 10 BGs) Camp, 8 mounted bases, 34 foot bases, 3 commanders BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST USING OUR ARMY POINTS Choose an army based on the maxima and minima in the list below. The following special instructions apply to this army: + Commanders should be depicted as auxiliary cavalry. * As usual, the whole of each battle group must be of the same quality grade, and all Heavy Foot or Medium Foot in a battle group must have the same armour grade and close combat capabilities + Where there is a choice of Medium Foot or Heavy Foot rating for auxiliary foot, this represents alternative interpretations of their historical function. All such auxiliaries must be rated the same. + The maximum permitted total number of bases of cavalry, light horse and cataphracts SyLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT graded as Superior is 4 before 260 AD, 8 —* Batavian or Sarmatian allies cannot be used from 260 AD. These represent Alae milliaria with any other allies. or other elite units, + Converted marines and gladiators cannot be +A battle group of separately deployed used with any allies. legionary lanciarii cannot include archers. PAINS iy OW I “Terntory Types: Agricultural, Developed, Hily, Woodlands [eine Teper Fil Comarder/ Tina Cormmnrer Bors 1 a , — Feld Commander 0 — “Toop Commander a ae Troop type Copsbltes ims | Bases | Tord Tipe | Armour | Qualiy | Talning | Showing [Clove Comb) Perbise | perBG | tases eee T Tipe fon, J — ay Foot | Armoured | Superior | Driled | Shiled | 14 Before 218 Swordmnen | | nro | vvacared | enge | omer | = | memset ia | age eee | etre | Dae Swordinen 1 | en Ingomar |_—_—_ wa | | oo) tee 1 | Hay Foot Dated = Shilled From 218 | Protcaed saestana’ | 0 oT Amare rnp oot, | 18 Hea Foot |-N™ Average | Dailed | ~ " | TF ocd | A Swords |e | fire | wean or Ty oe | awa | pier) | Ba Spean |g | av Heng Foot | Armored | Arcee | Dried Swordsnen Aig oo | 2 | ES Eon] | ee ron 218 | Media or ; Yaa pea, t | an Hea Foot Ee Swordsmen 7 | fire 260] ea) aoe BREE) Tiger, 0 Caan Dilled | = age sper] Se | ae | > vy Superior Soordsinen 17 sastary | | rcage Ligh Spear, | Crary | Armored baited | = +6 eoaly | om 260 7 | Superior Senden | —7 | a> ‘erage 7 | Light Horse | Urged Dried feline | ight spear | 24-6 ho perce | | Before 218 | eum Foot| Proce | avenge | Driled | tow | - | 7 unitary — | AD es los cher From 28 Proceed 7 Medium Foor arerige | Dried | Bow a aD [ Wapraeced e ‘ied archers Tight oot |Unprorcted) Average | Undried tow | — S| ee ot) te ‘Archers nacido egonaty a is Sip ee superior | 6 foralary ot (OCH |e ko | Uap . . o- fciacore okra ict, || MRCP) vest ———) aaa | aie | ie v8 Sate grap rae Tight bolt shooters Light Arley) =| Average | Dred Light Alery) ——— 7) Heb i sey Act] — | ange | met nwyanen] | 20 | S [onied amp 7] 10PRINCIPATE ROMAN peat | Armoured | T T ‘Light Spear, 3 Separately Medium Foot Superior | Drilled = ‘Skilled teil | ont com Freed | sworn | _ 1 tegonsy | Vora — — Hea Tights. [3 pa Medium Foot mong: | ited | [Praca] "eee | ‘Swordsmen, [7 “Moorish or 7 = T Ninian | O87 votctione [Unpoctet| Anerge |Undniled | faeins | Lig Spear | 7 cory | elo 97 Te z Light tone [unprome| P| tea | tow - i Bauites aD hi Superior 10 sgittarii "From 197 | T ‘Average 8 From 197, gu Horse |Unprotected °° | pritled Bows - AD. ‘Superior EI Catfacani” | Only from |, T mere | pay i Conc wwoAb atey | Armoured Sopenor| tet | 7 wa | Onl om tery Avge - i fam zesap | SPH | Armoured | Superior | DMM | swordsmen | 20 | iete Foor |ttmproteciea 8 | undcitea | sting | — | —* | Toor | 2 Tinie [Uapraced| aregs | Undid | jane | Ugieipear | ‘Only before | sgediam Root | Protected u - | fnpact foe, ‘Marines 7 =| T pemoured | "0 fey | onyietoe| a | — comerted io | 100AD ton a ra) oe | Cet - ee 3 gam | Praetel | Ales ‘An alles ~Sce Feld of Glory Companion 1: Rie f Rane: quien Ramet Wer ‘Asnesan ales ~Enly Armenian ~ See Fe of Glory Companion 1: Reo Rane pin Roe ‘Commagene client allies ~ (Only before 72 AD) = See Field of Glory Co sn let alle (Only fre 28 AD) ~ See el Gry Connie ai ‘Emesan client allies ~ (Only before 73 AD) - — — Tdacan client alles (Only before 6 AD) ~ Later Jewish ~ See Feld of Glory Companion 1: Ri f Rone: Repien Bone oi ‘abatcan len ales ~ (Only before 106 AD) ~ See Pek of Glory Companion 1: Rix of one: Reia Rone wt War ‘Saronatian allies Later Sarrmatian ones See Germann Gea AD "‘Batvian alies ~Farly German Oto ori in AD J Mcauum oor] rotted | Superior | Undies | ser [ns | + | so: nts —s cH PRINCIPATE ROMANLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT PRINCIPATE ROMAN ALLIES: Ali commander Troop name edits Type [Armor | Quay 1 tery Foo | armoured | Soperor Before: | : Heny oo | Armoured | average alain) | Armoured Heavy Foot | ‘Superior From | Proce 28RD Te | mou my Protected | Tere | Mdm oF Tiga | Hemyneg | Ammoured | Acre Ausiany foot from | Medium or | Ameoured | iiga> | Hemp fox [powcr | Before weet | Cmalry | Armoured | Asa aunty ' cay From ceiey | armoured | ascge 260A t Tighe Hoe | Vapraced| Aerage Before "| Medium Foot Protected | Average austay s | archers =] Fraeaed : Mesum Foo se 218AD oprecc Toc aah Ty ——— ik ‘or auxiliary foot (not archer) i othr Sate ropete fom a | MRR Fomt | Unprtce—— of bate group I fone Light bok shoot Takhalley| = | eee Heny haksbomes ory aniten, | rage one-throwers| Feld Commander/ Troop Commander 407s 1 opabiies Points| Bases | Toad “ining | Showing [Clone Combat) perbase per BG | bases Tract rites | = Stiled | 18 swordsmen = Irae ot, | et Swordinen | 1 Tapa |g] 8 | Dad Stiled swordsmen | 1 impact fot, | os swordsmen | a peice | = | Base |g meee 5° | Dailed | = Swoniacen | 7 pate | = | Habs Ts [ag | as ata | = | HabSmer | ys | ag [a Swordsmen +8 Deiled | Jlins | Uigh'spear | 7) 4 Oo Dried | Bow - 7 Dailed | Bow = u Delled | Bow - | cot [on sf ea Delle Ligh Aiery) ——— 73 Deiled Hea Antes) = 20 - DOMINATE ROMAN This list covers Imperial Roman armies from the accession of Diocletian in 284 AD until c.425 AD, by which time “barbarian” foederati had become a major proportion of Roman field armies. THE NOTITIA DIGNITATUM Much of the information upon which this list is based is derived from the Notitia Dignitatum, an official document of the turn of the 4th—Sth centuries, listing the forces of the empire and depicting the unit shield patterns for the Western and Eastern foot and the Western cavalry. This has survived in the form of medieval manuscript copies. The availability of this information makes the Dominate Roman army a popular and colourful choice for wargamers. Field army units were graded, in decreasing seniority, Palatina, Comitatensis or Pseudo- comitatensis. Limitanei (border) units were of even lower status. Field army legions were probably much smaller than the legions of the Principate periodDOMINATE ROMAN and tended to operate in pairs. Auxilia palatina The proportion of cavalry was increased. Field were of higher status than earlier auxilia and also army cavalry units were termed vexillationes operated in pairs, Legions and field army auxilia rather than alae probably included integral supporting archers, Roman infantryman, 4th century AD, by Gerry Embleton. Taken from Warrior 9: Late Roman Infantryman AD 236-565. BLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT TROOP NOTES Opinions vary as to the overall quality of Late Roman troops, but one possible scheme would be to treat Palatine units as Superior, Comitatensis and Pseudocomitatensis units and Limiranei legions as Average, and Limitanei auxiliaries as Poor. However, other interpretations are possible and are permitted We allow for the various theories regarding legionary and auxiliary armour (see p.7). The extent to which the tactical role of auxiliary foot differed from that of the legions is debatable, We therefore give the option for them to be graded as Medium Foot or Heavy Foot Legionaries were sometimes equipped with heavy clubs in Roman Legionary addition to their normal weapons in order to fight against cataphracts. This tactic is first mentioned in 272 AD, used by veteran local legions against the Palmyrans. It is also mentioned in two later battle accounts ~ used by Constantine at Turin (312 AD) and Constantius Il at Singara (344 AD). In accordance with the Field of Glory design philosophy of classifying troops according to their primary fighting style, it is not treated as a separate capability but subsumed into the superior status of veteran legions Equites Mlyricani may have been unarmoured light horse with javelins, or may have been conventional armoured equites — we allow for both possibilities. Horseman of the Equites Ilyricani DOMINATE ROMAN STA! Field Commander ‘Commander-in-Chiet T ARM Each comprising 6 bases of legionaries: 4 bases of Average, Armoured, Drilled Heavy Foot — Impact Foot, Swordsmen and 2 bases of Average, Unprotected, Drilled Light Foot - Bow Fach comprising 6 bases of ausiliaries: Superior, Protecte Drilled ight Spear, Swordsmen Sub-commanders | 2 2x Troop Commander “tape | ce | ES 4 bases of equtes catafactarik Superior, Heavily Armoured, Drilled Cataphracts ~ Lancers, wordsmen 4 bases of equites: Average, Armoured, Drilled Cavalry — Light Spear, Equites Unc = | eareae Equites sagitart reg | 4% Hiunnic mercenaries ie ee Slingers TRG Camp 1 | Unforsfied camp Tol 4 bases of slingers: Poor, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot — “1O.BGs| Camp, 16 mounted bases, 34 foot bases, 3 commanders 4 bases of equites sagittari: Average, Unprotected, Drilled Light Horse — 4 bases of Huns: Superior, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Horse ~ Bow, ing 4DOMINATE ROMAN BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST __USING OUR ARMY POINTS Choose an army based on the maxima and minima in the list below. The following special instructions apply to this army + Commanders should be depicted as equites. + As usual, the whole of each battle group must be of the same quality grade, and all Heavy Foot or Medium Foot in a battle group must have the same armour grade and close combat capabilities. Where there is a choice of Medium Foot or Heavy Foot rating for auxiliary foot, this represents alternative interpretations of their historical function. All such auxiliaries must be rated the same. Toone ‘Troop mame He Type | Armour | Quali Territory Types: Agricultural, Developed, Hill, Woodlands Cine Inspired Commander/Field Commander/Troop Commander a Feld Commander “Troop Commander ConeTops = pao. ] vray Foot LP separ | ont | - | Sted | 7 ened serimen |__| or | — reacted Toms Tight Spe |_3 | an | &= een | | eee eet Light Foot |Unprotected| Superior | Dried | Row Seal c | 4 Field army legionaries ‘ ls | oro} | 6-36 apa, oa PO page| oe | es Ie Faecal Tsp | les Heavy Foot Aven Drilled } @ x | Armoured aa o 2 Ligh ot [Usp] Awage | Dvited | tow | — 5 Mediumor | Protected) . [ightspea, | >| Meany Foot Armoured | WP" | Pred | | Swordsmen [13 oral Ligh Foot [Unpreecc| sipeter | Deed | pow | — « & | ays oss ano | ess Uispeax | 7 | Heny Foot Aemoured | MEMS Pallet | srordsimen [9 oral, | Tinie [Copencaed] Ange | Dated | tow | > (Se + Excluding allied contingents, at least 1/2 of the army’s battle groups must be of average or poor quality. * Western armies cannot include more Pore than one minimum-sized battle group of catafractarii or clibanarii, nor more than one minimum size battle group of auxiliary medium foot archers. * Armenians or Arabs cannot be ‘used with Visigoths. Roman Commander ‘Capabilities “Faning | Showing [Cle Combat) perbase | perBG | bes |ere Tighespee [7 Lina ionaries trys | cet [Ree | ied |= [Strasse] | (ane uate Meee eset | mar | oma | — [SRST | we Se Light Spee, |_1 oo utes Ccoalry | Armoured ["Aveage) riled |= | BBS TS] gag OF Por 0 f _ Superior 9 | Bquites Myricani etc. Light Horse [Unprotected|” Average | Drilled | uneliny | LightSpear | 7) 4-6 0-8 Thor 5 Sapeior 20 - +e ail Cauptnes | MEY [arerge | rites | - | UE [Te] ae fava) oy or B peri iw gts Sagi Ligh Hore [Unprced) average | ited | tow | — T] +6 ow Thor z ESA = Ee Per | SY" | cay | amnt | sper | ter | | tre | ay | ee) acc Sapo 7 j [Ghpreeced| ene a eager ina Medium Unproeced] Poor | + Bae [a ream | = | | Frotsed Awe 7 | Feat | ror 5 | ht hol-shooters Ar - et - | Sgeokstowes ae ‘weage | res | vey al artery | >| Mmoge | ett | cy | eee Fonfed camp Le Ce] prions oops Soper Ls | Jerome LigheFoot peste) Average | Dried | tion | igbtSper | 4 | | Tr r | per 5 Stoger Ligh Foot Une Arerge | Dried | lng |= tT] 4 | os | Poor | z Soper é Aches Ligh For [unpre Arege | Duited | tow |= x] 4 Thor 3 Chy allt, et iNadiam Fou) Proeced | Foor | Undilled| =| tigtSpar | 3 eo) 06 Soper 7 Lig Hone [Up SPE [United | tow | Srounen FE] Aan onic | Only fom apes) Superir TFT] 4g | ow mmenenacs | 388 cide 0 Co eT aoe | milled | Bow | Swonen |e | Froied | fremge u Se an ae as Allies ‘nly Ween aris a aes an Frankish ale Fly Frankish, Amann, Baud, Limits Rig, Sul or Tuc Cpaion Die a rt ar Oni Ester aries ‘a ales ~ Se Fel of Gy Companion 1 Ral am Rein ac air — ‘enn alles (On bine 368) Mil Armenian = agai alle = a Vigo o ndDOMINATE ROMAN DOMINATE ROMAN ALLIES Aled commander Fi Comma /Troop Commande a0 : = Troop Gpibiiies | reins | mes | oa | [CS aa Sa | Hay Fone PEE | seer | ited | =| aed | \ | ieee srordanen | | | 1} _}_1 Seren | ora 4 Powece | ise, [9 Hey Pot | PEEEE ssece | oats | — | Ea So | (a Light Foot |Cnprotecied| Superior | Dried | Bow L Pek sm eons eee ee Fons ingen e vey too PET erage | Di sepa [Mer amar] eR | Pale || Si | ol Tig Spa, [seep nee PRET T ere | re rene | | ee Ligne [Oepreaed| age | Dated | tow | — — il Praca rs | Heavy Foot armoured) SWPE@™ | Pile Srordanen | | Light Foot |Unprotected) Superior | Drilled | Bow | — ] eam eis beers | Feary Foo [Armoured] MS | Pate | swordsmen = t t | upto [Ueponacd] meng | ma | ow | = | os | | Limitane egomares Heavy Foot | Proweted |" _| pana | — | Lah Spens | +6 | hor Seeianen [5 oe . ie ma |e] ease = | Lie ar Meant] pramoed | tor | Deed gets | 5 = 7) Superior Ta ' ere || oleae es oaky | Armoured [hrm] Dit See ll | Sperior gates yan Ligh Hone unpre) Menge] Drie | Joon | Ligh per Rie - a | Superior | oF Chibana ss | Hey | average] - |e ques Canine or Ciane| Casphes | MS! [arenge | Deed aoa ie a | ‘Superior T Bie Sega [ee rpms Aer wii | Teor 2 ' ll Saas | Sg = rly fromm Armour ‘Superior = 5 ho [ee | Sem | ome ret | Superior | Dred = | _ “Unprotected Superior — 7 | | eprecel| memes] | ey es Tepes! Foor | Mats yar a IMediumn Foog ————| Drilled | Bow ~ is Freed | Spero | | Protected | “Average: | | <_< | ae | Ligh bso a |e | | ight kha Antler rrerge | rites | 8 wv fa tery | 7 Hany bakaiboonerase | Hey] ; tay | | throwers ‘Artillery dwergs | Drilled | arettery Rs J | 7LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT The Battle of Strasbourg, AD 357, by Gerry Embleton. Taken from Warrior 9: Late Roman Infantryman AD 236-565. FOEDERATE ROMAN This list covers Imperial Roman armies from ¢.425 AD to 493 AD when the Ostrogoths defeated Odoacer’s foederate army in Italy. TROOP NOTES This was the period of maximum dependence on “barbarian” foederati to replace the declining native Roman troops. Equites Illyricani may have been unarmoured light horse with javelins, or may have been conventional armoured equites — we allow for both possibilities. Some time in the second half of the Sth century, Roman cavalry was re-equipped with bows under the influence of | Hunnic equipment and tactics. Foederati FootFOEDERATE ROMAN ‘OEDERATE ROMAN STARTER ARM ‘Commander-in-Chief Field Commander 2xTroop Commander aE | 4 bases of equites: Superior, Armoured, Drilled Cavalry — Bow, | Sub-commanders — ee Swordsmen al ae Sema oe ee DA Equites sagittarii (BG eae | iunale meteenaiies Lag bases of Huns: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Horse ~ Bow, Swordsmen Each comprising 8 bases of foederati foot: Average, Protected, Undrilled | Foederit | 2368 | Heavy Foot Impact Foor, Swordsmen {9 bases of legionaries: 6 bases of Average, Protected, Drilled Heavy Foot Legionaries 1BG — — Light Spear, Swordsmen and 3 bases of Average, Unprotected, Drilled Light Foot — Bow Each comprising 6 bases of auxiliaries: 4 bases of Average, Protected, Auniliaries | 2BGs Drilled Medium or Heavy Foot - Light Spear, Swordsmen and 2 bases of | Average, Unprotected, Drilled Light Foot ~ Bow Slingers [BG 4 bases of singers: Poor, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot ~ Sling Camp 1 Unfortified camp Total TOBGs Camp, 16 mounted bases, 41 foot bases, 3 commanders BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST USING OUR ARMY POINTS Choose an army based on the maxima and minima in the list below. The following special Instructions apply to this army: + Commanders should be depicted as equites. + As usual, the whole of each battle group must be of the same quality grade, and all Heavy Foot or Medium Foot in a battle group must have the same ¢ armour grade and combat capabilities. close Roman Exculeator 9 Where there is a choice of Medium Foot or Heavy Foot rating for auxiliary foot, this represents alternative interpretations of their historical function, All such auxiliaries must be rated the same, Excluding foederati, Isaurians and allied contingents, at least 2/3 of the army's battle groups must be of average or poor quality. Western armies cannot include more than one minimum-sized battle group of catafractarii or clibanarii Arab allies cannot be used with other allies Roman AuxiliaryLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT Roman officer, (right), Sth century AD, by Angus McBride. Taken from Men-at-Arms 154: Arthur and the Anglo-Saxon Wars. 20FOEDERATE ROMAN Territory Types: Agricultural, Developed, Hilly, Woodlands Cine onnander Toop Commander 40/50/35] i: an i in 7 ~ Field Commander | 30 0-2 | ROMAN a C_ ‘Troop Commander 35 03 r Troop Type. - Capabilities Points Bases | Total “wee — Tipe [Armour | Quiliy | Taining | Shaving [Close Combs) per base | perBG | bases [ ST cape TIES) Rm ERE CTs OTL Mae oeerat ery ccraty | Protected | superior |undrited] eoeee | [ee | ocd fon ero | rss | avenge [Unites = ETE | ae i Oa eset dim ox] Peed | Henge [Und] | Hahespar |S = torians armies afer E 1 | os a Ligh Foor |Onpreced| Averge [Undid] Jwelinr | Ligh Spear | - Taare oma | Babes Ty poy | Meier | rexcced | Sapir | Detld aes oe Ligh Foor [Unpraeaed| Supeioe | Dried | Bow | — (4 ‘Medium oF T i ) Tight Spear, %) i | Protected | avenge | Dried | — 7 cary Fos | Seon beat! | | awuitaries serie | + 4 { | at ee seifon [Uipaccc| erg | ont | Bow |= |S aly | Neda | T To Tigh Spee. i Hea Foot | Proeetd | feor | Dried Swordsmen fora Light Foor [Unprotected] Poor | Dried | Bow = [ales | —f ‘Superior 1 (i Comal of [ive Dried | - | He SPe /—T5] a6 fon fqutes Cony | Armoured [ergs | Dri Late as] Thor | : | [Bipertor — [aoa] Eaqutesthekan’ ee Ligh Horse lunprtected|enge | Dried | awetns | ug spear [7] 4-6 lors] | Poor s | zs [ Saperor | — 30 | ew ee = ee ques Caafacaritor Cina | Caaphiaes | ERY srectos [8 I. —————— 2» Squues Sear Lig Hore [Unprcected pw | = ro eH Fqtes AT Sa Coany | armors [SPOT Sng | | ames Ig Tone Teese] t 1] ] Superior 9 lo emipeedas |] onater | coety | Amount pita | tee | treo | 29. | emoued tore __ | r jal acters als I | Onions = i | th pean, T=] 7 | wen for | raeced | auc | prea | = | bese 7 | al Ii vgnton pore) more [aa [ow | = | 5 ial” | Lepinanes | | | | ons Ti Spe cal Hear Foot | Protected | Poor | Dried | - | Seiwa) gM) | =a eagle a | cake Ligh Foor [Unpeassed] Poor | Dried | tow | - | 3 || feelicraren ral are [Meson it Up were Toru | now | - | 6 | 0-6 os Ther |e | aL| Bergundian or rank alier~ Ey Frank Amana, Barun ins, Ragin, Sud or arling LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT a jnpronecicd] Superior T Ej 7 = eee 2 ae Exculeatores Light Foor 78P! ri ins nt Spear 4 ‘st Pres [SSeS |e eee | is Sees 7 a ee j | [| Poor 3s — tpieroa [npr] MEET pvtea | aang | = [ST [ees : ee } i | gation [epeee . = ve tone [proses] SIE Inte] sow | seocanee | ua eater aes | in| one cry [Ae | yacted| tow | sumesnen |! a if Z ia a es Hwy | sie akccenoracmetiona HewyAtilen] - | Menge | Dal - a Pe f ite Sara ~ | 2 | o ‘Field defences | 3 o-12 ‘Fortified camp a Ea o-1 Tana“ Wenen Fae wa ee | Tater Visigoahi lies ~ See Field of Glory Companion 7: Dein ol Ral yucum atWer [on ir arses ‘ab allies ~See Field of Glory Companion 1 Rio Rene Rian Rae wi [arog ales = Fry Ono, Her Siro Pay The disintegration of the West. Taken from Essential Histories 21: Rome at War AD 293-696.KUSHAN OR INDO-SKYTHIAN This list covers the Bactrian and Indian kingdoms ‘of the Sakae, Yue-Chi and Kushans. The Yue-Chi took over the Graeco-Bactrian kingdom c.130 BC. The Graeco-Bactrian kings retreated to their territories in north-west India Driven south by the advancing Yue-Chi, several Sakae tribes also. moved into India where they formed a number of “Indo-Skythian” kingdoms which co-existed in rivalry with Indo-Greek and native Indian kingdoms. They overthrew the last Indo-Greek king, Strato II, ¢.10 AD. After the Kushan conquest (see below) the Indo-Skythian Western Satraps (Western Kshatrapas) continued to rule in west central India, possibly as vassals of the Kushans, until ¢.400 AD when F they were conquered by the Gupta emperor Chandragupta Il The Yue-Chi began to encroach on India around 70 BC, taking over most of the western Indian Javelinman KUSHAN S$ Commander-in-Chief ) Field mmander Sub-commanders E Cataphracts. 2BGs KUSHAN OR INDO-SKYTHIAN | 22xttoop Commander Each comprising 4 bases of cataphracts: Superior, Heavily Armoured, 4 bases of Indian cavalry: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Cavalry Indo-Greek kingdom. The Kushans were one of the five noble clans of the Yue-chi. By 1 AD they had achieved dominance over the other clans, the first ruler proclaiming himself as Kushan being Heraios I (1-30 AD). Territorial expansion continued, and at its height (¢.105 AD-240 AD) the Kushan Empire included modern Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and much of northern India. C.240 AD, its western territories were lost to the Sassanid Persians. In the 4th century its eastern territories were conquered by the expanding Gupta Empire. In the late 4th or early Sth century the successor Kidarite kingdom, under a Kushanized Chionite dynasty, took control of the remaining Kushan territories in north-west India and flourished briefly before falling to the Hephthalite Huns near the end of the Sth century. TROOP NOTES Armour for Indian infantry became more common in the Ist century AD, but evidence of determined swordsmanship is lacking. Each comprising 4 bases of horse archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Each comprising 2 bases of elephants: Average, Undrilled Elephants 8 bases of foot archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot = Bow 8 bases of Indian archers: Average, Protected, Undrilled Medium Foot ~ Bow | Undriled Cataphracts ~ Lancers, Swordsmen eee S BGS | ight Horse — Bow, Swordsmen Hlephants 286s | | Foot archers 1BG | Indian archers ——=)S«T BG | tncian cavalry toe ee Camp 1] Unto camp Tae Ee 23 37BGa_ | Carp, 78 mounted buses, 16 (oat bes, J commanders era od Preece acingLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST USING OUR ARMY POINTS Choose an army based on the maxima and minima in the list below. The following special instructions apply to this army: + Commanders cataphracts, should be depicted as KUSHAN ORINDC “Territory Types: Agricitural, Hilly, Woodlands, Seppes Cine Sub>commanders Tnspired Commander/Field Commander/Troop Commander Field Commander ‘Toop Commander [so7s0735 7 50 ot 3 fos “Troop nae Toop Tire Coo Points | Base | Toul Te i | Gay | Taam | Some Cone per base | per 8G | bases Cao Ccaaphracis Cauphnets | HSH Superior | Undriled = Tig Fe RHEE Yapricied | trerge | Undriled | Bow | Swordamen ‘Horse archers: or Cavalry i * Tight Hone [Uapraeced | merge | Undilled | Bow = Fiephans Tlephants = A T a 7 | Unprotected Average L ‘Unprotected | Poor Indian cavalry ‘cavalry | SUPE + Undrilled - Ligespear | [eee areeet | L [PPreaed | ~ Poor Only Before | sedi Foot| Unprotected me! Undiled | Bow | Swordsmen | vad Poor ws | Gace Unprotected |S" | yndrited | Bow - | O18 FO | etn For =e { | pemcost [22 Tarts | now | - =e Traamaroal [ares Pe Sper iain edna] racoed || unt Lets aia | Aies | Ugh or [Unproteed | Average | Undriled | — Bow nacran | OO! | sp rox | aroced | reor | vista | = | rien Grels | Speamen eum oor] rowed | henge | Undrfed—~ | Ug Spear Sworn Media Foot] Proweaed | Megs | Undeied |= | Swordmen onsin eaey Ug Hons [Unprneced | Avge | Unde | jlins | Ug Spar | Fonificd camp T T Allies ORSKUSHAN OR INDO-SKYTHIAN Indian Elephant with troops in support 25 |LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT EARLY GERMAN In the Ist century BC, the Romans conquered Gaul and came into conflict with the German tribes. Afier a long period of warfare, including the famous massacre of three legions by the German tribes under Arminius (Hermann) at the Teutoberger Wald in 9 AD, the Roman frontier was firmly established on the line of the Rhine and Danube. Later in the century, the Romans conquered the Rhine-Danube salient, straightening out the frontier, and built a line of forts and watch-towers (the Limes Germanicus) to hold the new frontier, The free tribes i continued to put pressure on the frontier, especially during the Marcomannic Wars of the Ind century. C.260 the Romans were forced to Rhine-Danube thereafter abandon the salient frontier remained along the and the wwo rivers, This list covers the Germanic tribes from the end of the 2nd century BC until ¢.260 AD. Marcomannic Warrior Germanic warriors, by Gerry Embleton. Taken from Men-at~Arms 129: Rome's Enemies (1) Germanics and Dacians. 26EARLY GERMAN TROOP NOTES rare, German warriors were clearly able to hold The main strength of the German tribes lay in their own in hand-to-hand combat. In our view, their infantry, who fought in close formation their overall historical performance is best with javelins and hand weapons.The front ranks represented by classification as impact foot, sometimes carried long spears. Although in the swordsmen, EARLY GERM carlier part of the period swords were relatively EARLY GERMAN ST PONY Commander-in-Chief || Field Commander | Sub-commanders 2 | 2xTroop Commander Fach comprising 4 bases of cavalry: Superior, Protected, Undrilled Cavalry ~ Cavalry 2BGs | Light Spear, Swordsmen Fach comprising 8 bases of warriors: Average, Protected, Undrilled Heavy | Warnes ES eae ere Faslininen ., | ach comprising 8 bases of javelinm Average, Unprotected, Undrilled sare 2 BGs Tight Foot — Javelin, Light Spear | Archers | 1BG | 8 bases of archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot — Bow Camp 1 Unfortiied camp Foal 64 foot bases, 3 commanders BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST deducted from the minima and maxima in __USING OUR ARMY POINTS the main list. Choose an army based on the maxima and * Batavian auxiliary deserter foot must be all minima in the list below, The following special Medium Foot or instructions apply to this army: all Heavy Foot + Commanders should be depicted as cavalry. + Unless the C-in-C is of the same tribe, troops only permitted to a certain tribe can only be fielded under the command of an ally general of that tribe. + All of an allied general's troops must be of ‘Tribal Warrior the same tribe. + A German allied general’s contingent must conform to the Early German allies list below, but the troops in the contingent are aLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT EARLY GERMAN J Territory Typer Woodlands ] C Cie T tpn Commane/ Fel Commander Toop Commander worsars] 1 ‘Sub-commanders T ‘Field Commander/Troop Commander | soras Caen ai conmanen | Feld Commander Troop Comanter [05 | = Copbinies—[Poiepes] Bane | To | pane he [Geile pers [na | The [armor [uty | Tring | Shoning [Cone Contr) be | perBC | bce i Se t T teecesi | Ugh Hone [Usproced] feng | Unrled | felis | Ugh Sper Gah ee ee ees lee cele | ‘tribes “aval Protect Superior irilled | - ni | | xn | tes | cat | ced | ier | Utd Ligh Sm ee | | | Tsxrma=lyaamal oaasa | mow [lena — | [ Raaeser lum] mead | eng | Undated a | varices} ae [Led | | — tmpact | Other nbes | Heary Foot | Prec) | verge | Uncle | Snaace | Ia Spe ae | oa | Tbveliamen Tighe Foor | Unproceced | avenge | Undid | Slins | Ugh Spear | i ‘Only after) a | Lancers, rr cae ee ee = | Se, Roikedanp | I 1 | I x Allies | ati ais On tre OTB) = Fel Fry Compan 1 Rol ae Rein or I Special Campaigns [Cis Ratan Revolt gains dhe Romans in 69 AD Biuwvian ausiry deserter | I ua | = J tig spews [3 ] cary | Armoured | ried | — | exaley | caatny [Tipe | swordsmen [17 | | eaavan aoinydewner | wetiomor | qoosca | ange ~ [eee | ae | ee | [es _| Ee | met [ire | ee l ‘Light Artillery] =| Average | Drilled [Light Avaier - | | Boteshooters E a a 2 | or levy Arley] =| erge ld lay Arie) = 20 | ARLY GERMAN Aled eomander ik Commande Troop Commander Taos 7 L “Troop Type | pilates: Points | Bares | Tord ae Type | Armour | Quality | Training | Shooting [Close Combat] Perbase per BG | bases Tact | Ligh Hone [Unproweced | average | Unit | jets | UghiSper | 7 || Coalry tighsper |) | # | OF Ottertben | canny | rrucnd | separ | unimaed | - | Hem SPeE | 7 taavians or [Moium ot) Poteet | verge Uiet | — pig | chert ‘vents Ween || SS newts | nang root | aed | avenge | untama| | mma EARLY SCOTS-IRISH ALLIES Alle ornmander ell Commander Troop Command wns | =. woop ype Capes froin | aise | Tot Tie | Amer | uy | Taig | Sang [Ceca] arb [perm | Se Charon Tigh chars Ligh Spear | 18 [ser ee Undated a + | Wasrors | | | | or | eae este Mia Fok] Unprotected | A Undated Tak Span) g ~ | ttn tem for] posed | erge |i | | aa Tiicfox [Uipoecial| page| Unde | Jasin | Lighper | + | ea | 8 3 P- i lee es TS ia et ee “LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT Caledonian tribesman, by Wayne Reynolds. Taken from Warrior 30: Pictish Warrior AD 297-841 4DACIAN OR CARPI DACIAN OR CARPI The ancient region of Dacia corresponded to modern Romania and Moldova, with parts of Bulgaria, Hungary and the Ukraine. From 85 to. 106 AD, the Romans fought a series of wars against the Dacians, resulting in the eventual conquest of the kingdom by the Emperor Trajan. This conquest is commemorated in detail on Trajan’s Column in Rome and also on the ‘Tropaeum Traiani at Adamclisi, Romania. This list covers Dacian armies from the Ist Century BC until the Roman conquest in 106 AD, \ B 2 x Troop Commander and the remnant Carpi from then until the late 4th century. TROOP NOTES The falx had a curved blade attached to a shafi, the sharp edge being on the concave side of the blade. It came in one-handed and two-handed versions. The one handed-version was used instead of a normal sword, We assume that those using the murderous two-handed falx must have been something of an elite, dispensing with the protection of a shield to create mayhem and fear amongst their enemies. They may or may not have formed up in separate units from the javelinmen. A battle group graded as falxmen is assumed 10 have a high proportion of two-handed falxmen. Bastarnae Falxmen + bases of cavalry: Average. Unprotected, Undrilled Light Horse — Javelins, cavalry 7G | tent see as Tag | + bases of Bastamae cavalry: Superior, Protected, Undrilled Cavalry — Light an Spear, Swordsmen —_ 7 Each comprising 8 bases of falxmen: Superior, Unprotected, Undrilled | = 7 BGS Medium Foot - Heavy Weapon Teer alco USERS a jastomet 3 BGS Medium Foot — Impact Foot, Swordsmen \- Fach comprising 8 bases of archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light jes zecs | Fach compr Camp, 1 | Unfortified camp [Tol "| 9BGs | Camp, 8 mounted bases, 62 foot bases, 3 commanders tn PrenatLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST + Commanders should be USING OUR ARMY POINTS depicted as cavalry. Choose an army based on the maxima and minima in the list below. The following special instructions apply to this army Dacian Warrior Dacian warriors, by Gerry Embleton. Taken from Men-at-Arms 129: Rome's Enemies (1) Germanics and Dacians. 36DACIAN OR CARPI DACIAN OR CARPI “Tertory Types: Agicatral, Hil, Woodlands, Mountains Ein "isp Commander /Reld Commander Trop Commune wrsons) 1 = Fiekl Commander 50 Subscommanders _ = "Top Commander 5 ia Toop ype apes Points | nas | Toul Type Armour | Quali Training | Shooting Close Combat) PeF base | per BG | bases aa Core Troops EL Cane 3 Coa Tigh Hore | Unproeced] verge | Undid [uatispar] 7 | «| os oe ee Pet) Dace, CarplorBasaraes |asciseToer| Unpromced | superior | Undid | — ea Weapon] 7 | 68 | 6-20 Jatin Medio For] Prowcted | average | Undrited een 0-112 , Tiglefo | Unpraced | henge | Unda | Bow = see ances aE | Ue ons Medi Foot] Unprsced | Averge | Unedited | Bove : see Skirmish jctinmen | Light Foot | Unprtecied Average | Undeld | veins | LighrSjear | ‘Optional Troope Tenure] Oy before] |. ——— - ay | rap." | ty | rotset | siprtr | Ut tekfren Tn [4 | os ene ——Ttighvaratiey! = | avenge | Undrited [iughtAnalieey| —— 5 Sipstd | cy btore ét [oe 2 Reman bot | 2 be 1 2 | or Shonen | 107AD eww arity) — ~ | Average | Undid Henny Airy 2 Zz oe “Allies: a Sarai alles ~ (nly before 107 AD) alan DACIAN OR CARPI ALLIES Aled commander Pld Commander /Thoop Commander 10735 1 Troop mame _—_Twoptype | apatites | ints Bases. | Tota [[ ive] armour | Qualiy” [Training | Shooting [Close Combai] PeFbase | per BG | bases Ceaky [shorn | Umpc | average | Undies | cas | Uphespear | 7 + | oF Deca CeptorBemse Lh ssfac| Urpromced| Sperior | united | amy Weapon) 7 relia hiwtnm er] reeaet | erge | Und > [eee a ne i Protected | verge | Undried rere | | Teteoor [Unprwced| verge | Ueda | tow | - ‘|S Archers LI aes eens Nedtum fot] Unproced | Average | Undrled | Boxe = 5 Sirmihing ines | Ugh [Urpomcel | ergs | Undid | foc | tinipar | 4LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT EMESAN ALLIES This list covers allied contingents supplied by the Priest Kings of Emesa in Syria from 25 BC until 73 AD when the Priest Kings ceased to have anything but ceremonial authority. TAS, + Commanders should be depicted as cataphracts rN LES [Als commander Fisk Corer 109 Conver OAS, " Troop Tipe Copies oins | Bases | Toul ("rms Te [Armour | Quality [Taming | Shooving [Close Combaa| perbise | per BG | buce Caaphraets CCauphraers | HAY per Drilled wee, | 20 + | om a Ugh Feo Unpoteed | verge | Undailoh | Row | sey, Medium Fost] Uaprotstnd | Ancage| Undid | Bow : se = Ligh Roo | Unproteced | Avge | Undeilod | flns | UighiSpear | 4) 8 Medium Foot] Proce | Avge | Uniriicd | _— | UgheSpar | 5 | &8 LATER SARMATIAN ‘This list covers the Sarmatian tribes (notably the Iazyges and Rhoxolani) bordering on the Danube frontier of the Roman Empire from the Ist century AD until the late 4th century, excluding the Alans who have their own list. TROOP NOTES ‘The main strength of Sarmatian armies was their cavalry. Although equipped with bow, they ATER SARMATIA Field Commandei ‘Commander-in-Chief preferred to charge with lance. A high proportion and horse, for wore scale armour man sometimes met more often horn or lacquered _ leather. Foot troops were supplied by subject nations, Sarmatian Cavalryman Bich comprising + bases of cavalry: Superior, Armoured, Undrilled Cavalry cae mate Es Lancers, Swordsmen ie | Fach comprising # bases of outs: Average, Unprotected, Undeiled Light ay | 7BGS Horse — Bow, Swordsmen — Pgs EXD comprising 6 bases of archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot — Bow ‘dcamp 38 Nol io eapabiliies Camp, 28 mounted Bases, 2 foot bases, 3 commandersLATER SARMATIAN Sarmatian duel, by Gerry Embleton.Taken from Men-at-Arms 373: The Sarmatians 600 BC ~AD 450. BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST instructions apply to this army: USING OUR ARMY POINTS Choose an army based on the maxima and + Commanders should be depicted as cavalry. minima in the list below. The following special + Only one allied contingent can be used. WPT RICE ON Terrltry Types Agricul, Seppes os [oe o3 Toop Tyre Capailies es Bes | Toul f Eagan 5 = Go ns Armoared | Superior | Unie eau eames Scouts, Light Horse | Unp Bow ‘Swordsmen | 10 +e Par oI ca a Sl arly Alan a i iy Pa Aaa gag Sg sly Frankish, Alsmanni, Burgundl, Limigantes, Quad, Rai, Sebi or Turing Til alles arly Ontogobie, Her, Sei or Ta 39LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT WTS GIS ied command Copsbiin Points | Bases | Toul Ronmae Type | Armour | Quiliy | Training | Shooting [Close Combat) perbase | perBG | bases Coal Cary | Armoured | Superior | Unde sere ‘ 8 Foot archers igh Foot | Unprowted | Average | Undiled | Bow 5 Ce) Sarmatian armoured lancer with Greco-Dacian prisoner, by Gerry Embleton.Taken from Men-at-Arms 373 The Sarmatians 600 BC —AD 450. 40EARLY ALAN EARLY ALAN ‘The Alans were a Sarmatian tribe who, by the early Ist century AD, had come to occupy the steppe north of the Caucasus Mountains. They were generally tall and fair-haired. Their descendants continue to inhabit the northern Caucasus to this day. In the 2nd century, the Alans became a threat to the Black Sea provinces of the Roman Empire. In 135 AD, Arrian, the Roman governor of Cappadocia (in modern Turkey), repelled an Alan invasion, His account of his order of battle has survived. It involved deploying his two legions in depth, supported by missile troops in the rear ranks, in order to repel the fierce charge of the Alan cavalry. In the second half of the 4th century, the Alans were defeated by the Huns. They divided into several groups, some of whom remained north of the Caucasus, subject to the Huns, while others ‘migrated westwards with the Germanic tribes. One group joined the Vandals and Suebi, crossing the frozen Rhine with them on December 31,406 AD (an event dramatically recounted in Wallace Breem's epic novel Fagle inthe Show, which we highly recommend). From there, they migrated with the Vandals and Suebi to the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain). In 418 AD, following the death of the Alan king in battle against the Visigoths, they ‘Commander-in-Chief | 1 NSO PONE | Field Commander “Each comprising 4 bases of nobles: Superior, Armoured, Undrilled Cavalry — accepted the Asding Vandal king Gunderic as their king, Many of them migrated to North Africa with the Vandals in 429 AD. The Vandal kings in Carthage (modern Tunis) styled themselves “King of the Vandals and Alans”. A second group crossed the Rhine at the same time as the others, but settled in Gaul (modern France) with Roman permission. They took part on the Roman side under Aetius, against Attila the Hun at the Battle of Chalons in 451 AD, following which Auila was forced to retreat. Aetius settled many of them in Armorica (modern Britany) It has also been postulated that other Alan groups may have mingled with Slavic tribes in central Europe to become the ancestors of the Serbs and Croats. Those that stayed at home in the northern Caucasus were subject variously to the Huns, the Avars, the Bulgars and the Khazars, eventually reasserting their independence following the collapse of the Khazar Kaghanate in the mid-1 0th, century: Thereafter the Kingdom of Alania was frequently allied to the Byzantines and Georgians — see our companion volume Field of Glory Companion 4: Swords and Scimitars:The Crusades. This list covers the Alans from the Ist century: AD until their subjugation by the Khazars ¢.650. PTV Born nag | Neue | SBS 1 Lancers, Swordsmen is = kcawin 1 | Each comprising 4 bases of horse archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled | Hare ser | BGS | Light Horse — Bow, Swordsmen reper | 186] 8 bases of for archers: Average, Unprotected, Undriled Light Foot = Bow Cay (Sig [SORE aa aa Total TOBGS] Camp, 36 mounted bases, 8 foot bases, 3 commanders aLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST instructions apply to this army: USING OUR ARMY POINTS. Choose an army based on the maxima and * Commanders should be depicted as nobles. minima in the list below. The following special Teritory Types: Seppes, cine Taspired Commander/ Feld Commander Troop Commander BOSOTIS T eld Commander 50 0-2 Sub-commanders Commander % o- — Troop Tyre Capa eins | aaes | tor = Type | Armour | Quality | Training | Shooting [Close Combat| per base | perBG | bases Corey Nobles: Cava Armon Se Undrilled i - | ume 16 +6 )-30 i” Ccanity | armoured | superior | Undsted [eam | ae on Tagan [Unpracaed | —menge | Undead | Bow | Swontmen | 10 Horse archers ——\oaproweced | ——|—_—~o 6 | 168 coley PPM were | ated | tow | ontinen |"? ‘pion Troope Tootarchers | Ugh Foot [Unpraced [ Aerie | Undrled | ow 5 s |! | on Fortified camp L _ | or ‘Aled cerumander eld Communer/ Toop Commander 3075 " ‘Tronp Type Capabilities | ints. bases Tot “Troop mame : eT Gb | poims | m “ota ym [Armour | Quy | Ting | Shoning [Cae Conar] verse | per | ber ' Nobles: Cavale} \rmoure Superior | rile fae) a6 46 I ol Ccoatry | Armoured | superior | Undeiled | on | Tight Horse | Unprotected | Average Undrilled Bow — | Swordsmen 10 Hots tte | Unpraced | ee | one coaty enge | vndcted | now | swordsmen Prassed | u JEWISH REVOLT This list covers the armies of the Jewish revolts independence from Rome should be sought against the Romans from 66 to 73 AD and from through violent’ means. The revolt was 13210 135 AD. ultimately sparked off in 66 AD, in reaction to The Great Revolt (66-73AD) was the Greeks sacrificing birds in front of the culmination of rising tensions in Judaea since synagogue in Caesarea. A successful attack on Roman annexation in 6 AD and attempted the Roman garrison of Jerusalem was followed imposition of the cult of emperor-worship by by the ambush and defeat of the Legio XII Caligula in 39 AD, which led to the formation Fulminata at Beth-Horon, with the capture of of the Zealot movement who believed that the legion’s aquila. a2JEWISH REVOLT The general Vespasian was appointed by the Emperor Nero to crush the rebellion with an army of 60,000 men. The revolt was soon defeated in the north of the country. The leaders fled to Jerusalem, where the fanatical Zealots and Sicarii executed the peace party and continued the revolt. In 69 AD, the “Year of the Four Emperors”, after the death of Nero, Vespasian was declared emperor by his legions, and left for Rome, where he defeated Vitellius and gained the throne. He left his son Titus to complete the siege of Jerusalem According to the historian Tacitus, 600,000 people were besieged in Jerusalem, men, women and children all taking part in the fighting In 70 AD, the Romans finally captured the city. Most of the city, including the Second Temple, was destroyed and thousands of prisoners were crucified Mopping up operations then followed, the final Jewish fortress, Masada, being captured in 73 AD. The defenders committed mass suicide rather than surrender. The Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD) was sparked by the Emperor Hadrian's plan to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan city with a Temple of Jupiter on the site of the destroyed Second Temple and his banning of the practice of circumcision. AOS a SS | Commander-in-Chief | 1 Sub-commanders | Zealot warriors Other archers | Other slingers 15 Other rebels ae [ae Total 10 Oa |. Field Commander Dx Troop Commander Each comprising 8 bases of Zealot warriors: Superior, Protected, Undrilled Medium Foot ~ Impact Foot, Swordsmen Fach comprising 6 bases of Zealot archers: Superior, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot ~ Bow STUESEE cUOIbET arChetst APETR 8 bases of other slingers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot ~ Sling | Fach comprising 12 bases of other rebels: Foor, Unprotected, Undrilled Medium Foot ~ Light Spear np Gann EA pet see a commas In 132 AD, the revolt began, led by Simon Bar Kokhba, who was declared by the Sanhedrin to be the Messiah. A large Roman force was despatched to suppress the revolt. Fighting was fierce and the Romans suffered heavy losses, including the Legio XXII Deiotariana which was probably wiped out. The revolt was eventually crushed in 135 AD. The majority of the Jewish population of Judaea was either killed (580,000 according to the historian Dio Cassius), exiled or sold as slaves, and Jewish religious and political institutions were ruthlessly suppressed. The name of Judaea was officially abolished, becoming Syria Palaestina. Jerusalem was rebuilt as the Roman pagan city of Aelia Capitolina which Jews were forbidden to enter. TROOP NOTES ‘We use the term “Zealot” loosely to include both, the sect of that name and the Sicarii in the earlier rebellion, and similar fanatics in the later rebellion, Although most Jewish infantry fought, with javelins and a long curved dagger rather than a sword, we class the Zealot warriors as equivalent to swordsmen because of their fanatical ferocity. wy aeLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT Herodian horse-archer, Nabatean camel soldier and Zealot “‘sicarius” by Angus McBride. Taken from ‘Men-at-Arms 243: Rome’s Enemies (5) The Desert Frontier. BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST + Commanders should be depicted as Zealot USING OUR ARMY POINTS warriors or other rebels. Choose an army based on the maxima and * Minima marked * only apply if any Zealots minima in the list below. The following special are used. instructions apply to this army + Minima marked ** apply only if Josephus is presentCALEDONIAN ASOT I Territory Types: Agric ily | cme Tel Cnt ade onmaner forsors Pel Commander rw subconmanders Top maar # | " - | | ante aa at Tae ee] ee) ‘pe | Amow | Quliy” | Tang | owing [he Go| verb |perBo) tes | I Canon “=n Zavaro Yutom fot] rotted | epror | Undid | Light Foot | Uaprot Superior | Undniled Bow Tolorarches | = so eum ec |Uaposced| fpr | Uniileé | Bow eae frcnge Untied | — Bw Average Undrilled 7 ‘Other rebels = er) Unik) I Simla aabcanges | tighten [Unpossed| fuecor | Untaa | ag iraingsn | tghtox [Unpar| merge | Unde | sg i Special Campaigns Josephus fom 66 vo 67 Tig spee 7 Cantey caniy | reteced | poor | nt ueisean Tg [a ] ae Dreier [Metnnnfoa| Powel | Roe | baled >| tgp [a Deiled archers [Medium Toot] Unprotecied | Poor | Dried etal + em a ee [ I CALEDONIAN The Caledonian Confederacy comprised a a punitive expedition by the Emperor Septimius number of tribes in what is modern Scotland. In Severus in 209 AD, but abandoned again a few 84AD, led by Calgacus, they were defeated by the years later. Romans under Julius Agricola at the battle of This list covers Caledonian armies from the Mons Graupius. From c.122 to 130 AD, the mid-1st century AD until the early 3rd century AD. Romans built the 73.5 miles long Hadrian's Wall across the Tyne-Solway line with the aim of | BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST policing the frontier and preventing raids by the USING OUR ARMY POINTS free tribes. The frontier was later advanced 100 Choose an army based on the maxima and miles north to the shorter Forth-Clyde line, the minima in the list below: The following special 37 miles long Antonine Wall being built from instructions apply to this army: 142 to 144,AD, Itwas abandoned in 164 AD, only ‘owenty years later, and the frontier pulled back + Commanders should be depicted as to Hadrian's Wall. It was briefly reoccupied afier chariots. 45 aL aany OrenLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT CALEDONIAN Teerltory Types: Agricultural, Hy Cin inspired Commander /Fiell Comamander/Troop Commander 80750735 | t eld Commander <0 02 Sub-commanders Troop Conair 5 8 "Troop Type ‘Capabilities Pointe | Bas | Toul “Troop name ene ss z Type | Armour | Quality | Thalning | Shooting [Close Combat) per base | per BG | bases ‘CoveTsoops Gh Light Charo Superior | Undriled =_| lisse | _ 15 warren [edu oot| Prtcaed | Avge | Undrited owas Te T a sai " Swordsmen Tiselinskimishers | Light Foot | Unprotected | Average | Undriled | faveline Light Spear.) oF ‘ EARLY PICTISH ‘This list covers Pictish (Cruithne) armies from TROOP NOTES the beginning of the 3rd century AD until the The early Picts often fought almost naked apart end of the 5th century. They were called Picti by from a large cloak and a Join cloth, and their the Romans, meaning “painted ones’ to their extensive woad war paint or tattooing. _graded as Unprotected. referring shields were small and flimsy, hence they are Pictish raid on Hadrian's Wall, by Wayne Reynolds. Taken from Warrior 30: Pictish Warrior AD 297-841. 46EARLY PICTISH bi rae ISH STARTER ARM T ‘Commander-in-Chief Field Commander z 2x Troop Commander i ce gg Each comprising 4 bases of chariots: Superior, Undrilled Light Chariots = ne S _Light Spear i ie Tag, Esch comprising # bases of cavalry: Average, Unprotected, Undvilled Light acess 2BGs | Horse —Javelins, Light Spear | Speamen 5 pce Eich comprising 8 bases of spearmen: Average, Unprovected, Undriled Medium Foot ~ Offensive Spearmen Kuma wanom Py pg”) S bases of Auecotti warriors: Superior, Protected, Undrilled’ Medium Foot = | Autecotti warriors De i en Each comprising 6 bases of archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Archers 2 BGs Foot — Bow aS Tag 6 bases ofjavelinmen: Average, Unprotected, Undiilled Light Foot = Javelins, | Light Spear ea | Camp 1 Unfortified camp aT Total TIBGs| Camp, 16 mounted bases, 50 foot bases, 3commanders BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST + Commanders should USING OUR ARMY POINTS be depicted as chariots Choose an army based on the maxima and or cavalry. minima in the list below. The following special instructions apply to this army: Pictish Commander EARLY PICTISH Territory Types: Hilly, Woodlands ] [eee] TnspledCornmander/Pikd Commande Toop Commander 40750735 ld Commander so os Sub-commanders Tioop Commander B o Troop Type Gaps a | saat | zeal ‘Troop mame PT a, psi Poi = | Tye [Amour | Quiliy | Taining | Shooing [Close Comfar| perbase | per -" aT j Tig caro i |= | spenor | uate |= [utespar | ts | ee | on Cualry Tight Horse | Unprotected | Average | Undriled | jvclins | Light Spear | 7 | =| Spearman Medan Unprseaed| werge | unter | OFM |g | gag | sa96 a 1m — There Tig oor | Unproeced| ~fverge | Unciied | — Bow Se Optional Troops Tercinmen | ight Foot | Unproweicd]| —Aerge | Undriled | feline —| Lig Spear | Caledonia fedium foot) Proeced | Average Undeed = [emai je | sla | 1 | meet For, ala [sect waron etm oe reed | sipeior | Uni | Es on ‘ies | Seoutesh alles Early Seow [Sinan alles = Ely Anglo-Stson, Bavarian, sian, ld Saxon orThurngian | 47LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT SASSANID PERSIAN The Sassanid Persian dynasty was founded by Ardashir I, governor of Persis, who revolted against and defeated the last Parthian (Arsacid) king, Artabanus IV. The dynasty is named after Ardashir’s grandfather, Sasan. For most of its four-century history, the empire's territory encompassed modern Iran, most of Iraq, and parts of Armenia, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. In 224 AD, Ardashir revolted against his Parthian overlord, Artabanus IV, After defeating and killing Artabanus in battle, Ardashir was crowned Shahanshah (“King of Kings") at Ctesiphon (south of modern Baghdad) in 226 AD. His son Shapur 1 (241-272) successively defeated the Roman Emperors Gordian IIL, Philip the Arab and Valerian. Valerian was captured, a hitherto unknown disgrace for Rome, and Armoured Cavalry with Levy Spearmen died in captivity. Subsequent to this, however, Odenathus, the Roman client~ succeeded in recapturing some of the lost territories, and further defeats were suffered by 1 of Palmyra, Shapur’s immediate successors at the hands of the Romans, Shapur 11 (309-379), crowned while still in his mother's womb, went back on the offensive Signing a truce with Constantius II, he expanded Sassanid territory in the east, before attacking the Romans again in 359 AD. In 363 AD, the Roman Emperor Julian counterattacked, and pushed as far as Ctesiphon. He died from his wounds, however, after defeating the Persians at the Battle of Maranga. His successor, Jovian, was forced to retreat and to cede five provinces, Warfare between the two empires continued intermittently with mixed fortunes for each side.SASSANID PERSIAN During the Sth century Persia suffered several major attacks in the east by the Hephthalite (White) Huns, In 498 AD, the Hephthalites intervened in a Sassanid dynastic dispute by restoring Kavadh I to the throne after he had been deposed by the nobility for attempting a redistribution of wealth to the poor. Following his restoration, he launched a campaign against the Romans with Hephthalite support. After several important cities were captured by the Persians, a peace treaty was signed in 505 AD, in response to an invasion of Armenia by the Western Huns. In 530 AD, Kavadh once again invaded Roman (Byzantine) territory, his army meeting the Byzantine army under Belisarius on several occasions, suffering defeat at Daras but winning victories at Nisibis and Callinicum and obliging the Byzantine Emperor Justinian to accept an unfavourable peace treaty. Kavadh’s son Khosrau I (531-579 AD) introduced a standing army paid and equipped by the state, but this probably did not outlast his Parthian cataphracts by Angus McBride. Taken from Men-at-Arms 175: Rome’s Enemies (3) Parthians & Sassanid Persians. 49 INTRODUCTION Deon ai Paes FORDERATE RONAN Pert rtn Rory Poet ea Peer oar arent trun Doan Renny Braieug rt? rants bonny Erne RN seins Prion pera one perry Recents Peet’LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT reign. In 540 AD, he invaded Byzantine Syria and sacked the great city of Antioch. After suppressing the rebellion of Bahram Chobin, Khosrau It (590-628) launched a full-scale invasion of the Byzantine Empire. Its eastern provinces, including Syria, Palestine and Egypt, were quickly conquered, and in 626 AD, Constantinople was besieged on the Asian side by the Persians and on the European side by their allies, the Avars. However, the walls of Constantinople were strong, and the Byzantine Emperor, Heraclius, adopted the strategic master-stroke of sailing up the Black Sea to attack Persia from the rear. Heraclius’s campaign into the Persian heartland sapped Persian morale, already exhausted by the long war, and Khosrau II was assassinated in 628 AD. In the chaos that followed there were numerous short-lived kings and queens before Yazdegerd IIT ascended the throne in 632 AD. However, the empire was far from recovered, and was conquered by the Muslim Arabs between 633 and 651 AD, when the fugitive Yazdegerd was murdered for his purse. This list covers the Sassanid Persians from 224 to 651 AD. TROOP NOTES The Sassanid state started out as a Parthian successor state, and it is likely that its early army: bore a strong resemblance to the later Parthian army. Cataphract equipment remained the ideal for the armoured cavalry throughout the existence of the Sassanid kingdom, but was probably seldom achieved except for a minority, We assume that the kontos wielding cavalry described by Ammianus in the 4th century would probably have enough fully equipped men to qualify as cataphracts, and that the B armoured horse archers mostly would not, By the time of the Byzantine Emperor Maurikios, at the end of the 6th century, the vast majority of the cavalry were archers, Sassanid Elephant SASSANID PERSIAN S TOY ‘Commander-in-Chief | 1 Field Commander Sub-commanders | 2 2x Troop Commander Epc 7g, | a habeas aperm ewriy amore Voile Crapias = Armoured horse | yg, | Each comprising + bases of armoured horse archers: Superior, Armoured, archers Undeilled Cavalry ~ Bow, Swordsmen Lighthorse archers) BG ss Average, Uny Hepa SS ea aces Swi espe Une epi Weotarhes, | IEG. | 1€ buses! fncarcensavenpe, Unproweced Uniiiled Light Foctsbow | Slingers | 1 BG) 6 bases of singers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot— Sling = 1x6 | one Poor, Protected, Undrilled Heavy Foot — [camp iy Unfortified camp eae eal Total 9.BGs | Camp, 24 mounted bases, 22 foot bases, 3 commanders 50SASSANID PERSIAN BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST cataphracts or armoured horse archers USING OUR ARMY POINTS + Arabs cannot be used with any other allies. Choose an army based on the maxima and * Armenians cannot be used with Kushans or minima in the list below. The following special Hephthalite Huns. instructions apply to this army: + Bahram Chobin cannot use Dailami * The minimum marked * only applies from + Commanders should be depicted as 350AD. inspire Commander Fel Commander Troop Commander 10750035 1 | Fi Commander | Subconmandes i Goma a “oop Comminder 35 o | Troop Type | Gapabiies Points | tases | Toul ‘reop mame Se zt _Bospmes [type [Armour | Quali, | Tisning | Shocking [Close Comba perbase | per¢ | buses | Air Core Troops im [Lise 450 | ew ] i ] is comnts Feme | Cxmts | JAA, [sper unt] =| con | Ta ha wae | Armoured horse archers | Cwalry ea | ie | 6 Fee Light horse [Before 350 00 | | Beis 350 Te rome | Unpreced | average | Uncle + | archers From so) ees ees ee J [oe ~ eine 29 | joe Btephanss PSE SE? | pepamts | — | average | Undrited | - as == == Ligh fot | Unproied | Average | Undrie | Hew = 3 | ee | eta Foot] Unpracced | Avra | Undid | Be = s [ee | on Singers Ui Rot | Uaptectl| Avge | Undid | Sing = + [es | Deas wienp foot | rrowcied | roo | undated | — + |e [or Ley sparen i Sparen Pe LPS eae Frcced | Foor |Uniniee | =| |S oe Foried amp a ee Opaional oops Fall Tubes Medium Foot] Protected | Average | Undriled [| UightSpear | 5 | 6-8 | Dani | Only Om Im roma! PE Ler] pwnea |e [impact | 10 | gg | Oe Se 0 tt reer | aed | impos foe, | + | aE ‘les ae ‘a allies = See Fed Glory Compton 1 Ra Rl ee alr | aemenian ales (nly Before 48) ~ i | Chloe Hac ales (Only fom 356 10460) [epithe Honnie allies (Only fom 356 10557) [Sibi (al fom 463 52) | stan alles (Only before $71) ~Koshan or indo Shan - | Special Campaigns has Tom S51 to 579 | esi ne To] 1 | ormiccurtie [cance | ERT, [spur] oe |_| » [=| a | pgs armed Rane 1 j [QRSRSPMSTE Tcoaty [arms [Speer] Deel | nw Suomen | 8 | 6 | a ‘Only in 350 ‘ia ales = Bay ‘alram Chobin io 991 | [Western Tara lies ~ See Fil of Gry Companion 7 tie el Fa Bunion War StLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT EARLY VISIGOTHIC OR EARLY VANDAL This list covers those Germanic/Gothic tribes who mainly fought on foot, but whose nobles had adopted Sarmatian cavalry tactics, from ¢.250 AD until the early Sth century. The Visigoths were an East Germanic tribe which, by the mid-3rd century, held territory north of the eastern Danube. In 251 AD, they invaded the Balkans, defeated and killed the Emperor Decius and made forays into Asia Minor. In 268 AD, they were defeated by Claudius Hl Gothicus and driven back across the Danube. In 376 AD, under pressure from the advancing Huns, they appealed to the Emperor Valens to be allowed to settle south of the Danube. This was permitted, but subsequent famine and the failure of the Romans to supply them with land or food resulted in outright war. At the Battle of Adrianopolis in 378 AD, they heavily defeated the main East Roman field army and killed Valens. The new emperor, Theodosius I, made peace with them and used them as foederati in his war against the Western usurper Eugenius. After the death of Theodosius in 395 AD, and his succession by his weak sons Honorius in the West and Arcadius in the East, war broke out again. The Gothic King Alaric was held at bay by the Western general Stilicho (himself half- Vandal) until 408 AD, when the latter was murdered by Honorius. In 410 AD, Alaric sacked Rome itself. The Visigoths were subsequently persuaded to attack the Siling Vandals and Alans in Iberia (modern Spain and Portugal), as a reward for which in 419 AD, they were granted Jand in Aquitania (southern France) as foederati Their armies after that date are covered by the Later Visigothic list (Field of Glory Companion 7: Decline and Fall: Byzantium at War). The Vandals were another East Germanic tribe living north of the western Danube from the early 3rd century. They were divided into two groups, the Siling and Asding Vandals. Along with the Suebi and Alans, they crossed the frozen Rhine on 31st December, 406 AD. Together with these they plundered their way south through Gaul and crossed the Pyrenees into Iberia in 409 AD, where they were settled as foederati The Asding Vandals in Gallaecia in the north- west, along with the Suebi, the Siling Vandals in Hispania Baetica in the south, the Alans in Lusitania in the west. In 416 AD, the Alans and Siling Vandals were heavily defeated by the Visigoths, sent against them by the Romans. In 429 AD, political machinations in the Roman high command resulted in the Roman commander in Africa, Boniface, inviting the Vandals to cross over to Africa to aid him. Once there they could not be dislodged. By 439 AD, they had captured Carthage itself and made it the capital of their new kingdom, In 442 AD, the Romans, in order to secure the corn supply from Africa, recognised the status quo. Vandal armies after that ]] gg date are covered by the African Vandal list (See Field of Glory Companion 7: Decline and Fall Byzantium at War). Visigothic Warrior. “ss ==EARLY VISIGOTHIC OR EARLY VANDAL Sub-commanders | 2 | 2 x Troop Commander ach comprising + bases of Vandal cavalry: Superior, Protected, Undriled et ry ie | Cavalry — Lancers, Swordsmen 4 bases of Alan cavalry: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Horse ~ ey a | Bow, Swordsmen chara | : | Each comprising 8 bases of warriors: Average, Protected, Undrilled Heavy Nye SBSH || nee Tal paee Foor, Spordlnen a ‘Fach comprising 6 bases of archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled | Archers | HH) aia, | Camp I | Unfortified camp Total [10 BGs| Camp, 12 mounted bases, 52 foot bases, 3 commanders | 53LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT. BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST + Ostrogothic allies need not USING OUR ARMY POINTS include any foot. Choose an army based on the maxima and * Gepids, Romans or minima in the list below. The following special Moors cannot be used with instructions apply to this army: any other allies. + Commanders should be depicted as cavalry. Visigothic Archer ee VISIGOTHIC OR EARLY VAND/ Cin 1spired Commander/Fiekd Commander/Troop Commander rea = - ld Commander sa er Subvcommanders “Teonp Commander 3 =) Troop maine Tete Copabes Pointe | Bee | Tox Type [Armour | Quaiy | Thing | Showing [Coe Coma) Perbase | per BG | buss Gove Top Noble cary Cavalry | Protected | Superior | Undrilled - | aimee | +o | ov | | tpt on ‘warns | rey Foor | Prweied | average | Unleled Jimmrfoon | 7 | aaa | saise | Sonne Arches Tigh Foot | Unpreael|averge | Ud Jrenmen Tight Foot | Unprseci | Age | Undid | etn : OprionlTa a Uaproiced ] 7 Ligh Hone superior | Undated +6 average aos or | Only rm Unprosecied| Superior @ a Huns | 378 | Uaproeced vo catty | | Undted | Bowe Swondsmen + | Proteaed | Soper 7] Frocced | Awe | | z ales | | “An ales Ey Ala (Ol Wea) Cap acs = Din al Carp (On isp) Try Franks Amann, Band: nigan Qual Rai Ser Traegl Tan Oxo, Her Si oF Tales “Farly Visigothic or Early Vandal allies Gepid alles — Gepid or Early Lombarel ‘Morales = Later orn (ny nl Toman ales ~Dovninate Roman (Only Viigo)EARLY VISIGOTHIC OR EARLY VANDAL Troop Type Tewcar | Quality Noble calry Coalry — Proweed Superior arrions Heay Toor | Proecid average hess Tight Foot | Unprotected | Average Tiecinmen Tight Foot | Unprotected | Average This list covers Armenian allied contingents from the overthrow of Trdat II by the Sassanid Persians, in 252 AD until the death of Artashes III and installation of direct Persian rule in 428 AD. TROOP NOTES In 387 AD, the kingdom was partitioned between Rome and Persia, with Persia controlling four- MIDDLE ARMENI/ 15 Bi eee Till Commander Troop Communier’ nO " = t TropTive canbe] goin | tases | Toe ze [ie amex Quy” [Taig Sng [ce Co ere | er | ts ea , Tf ace, ae Coggins J campiccs | FT Soper | unin ao | | Arteime | Op oe Conky | Amol | peor Unik | Bow | Swornen | 18 Tigitborcachers [Wg ewe | Uopomand]| aenge | Gata | Be | = ee] ae [Mesum Fou) Prveced | Arrage | Unde ees ee ee t Unprcted|Aerge | Unde” | Bow a peyT | Archers i ee a =| 0-12 dian Fo Unpraccd | Arrge | Unie | Bow =p ber] "| PALMYRAN ACTS KO SMU cid Commaner/ Troup Commander MIDDLE ARMENIAN ALLIES G2 L ALLIES Ons Capabilities) Points | Bases | Total “Faining | Swing [Cwe Coma) perbase | per BG | bases viens |=] me | | Uovee Tepes Bee eit | 830 Uoveled | Bow 7 set, Unde | jsine | tig Sper | sf ee fifths of the country, initially under client Armenian Arsacid kings. We allow for the possibility that the army was reorganised along Sassanid lines. Draco Pianta Pura tts * Commanders cataphracts. should be depicted as Palmyra (Tadmor) was an important oasis city in central Syria, on the caravan route between Persia and the Roman Mediterranean ports of Syria and Phoenicia, It retained semi-independent status, having been recognised as a free city by the emperor Hadrian. Palmyra rose to prominence during the crisis of the mid-3rd century when Sassanid Persian invasions and multiple Roman pretenders created chaos in the Roman East. In 259-260, the Roman Emperor Valerian was defeated and captured near Edessa by the Persians underLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT Arab-Palmyrene soldier, Hatrene clibanarius, and Palymyrene soldier by Angus McBride. Taken from Men-at-Arms 243: Rome’s Enemies (5) The Desert Frontier. 56PALMYRAN Shapur I, Odenathus, King of Palmyra, who had already been granted the Roman title of “vir consularis”, attempted to negotiate with Shapur, but the latter had his gifis thrown into the Euphrates and demanded unconditional surrender. With no option but to support the Roman side, Odenathus raised an army from his own domains and the desert Arab tribes and drove Shapur's forces back to Persia. He also suppressed several local Roman pretenders and recognised Gallienus, son of Valerian, as the legitimate emperor. In re titles of “dux Romanorum” and “restitutor totius, urn, he received the Orientis" and command of all Roman forces in the Fast. With these he conducted a second campaign against Persia in 266~267, advancing as far as the Persian capital, Ctesiphon (south of modern Baghdad), but on the way back he was assassinated. His Queen, Zenobia, took up the reins of power in the name of their young son Vaballathus, (Wahballath). Gallienus was murdered by rivals in 268 AD. It is not certain when Zenobia decided to throw offher allegiance to Rome, but in 269 or 270 AD, she sent her general Zabdas to invade Roman Egypt. The local Roman forces were Cataphract defeated and Egypt was brought under Palmyran rule. Palmyran forces also captured Antioch (modern Antakya) and established control over Asia Minor as far as Ancyra (modern Ankara). By the end of 271 AD, Zenobia controlled the eastern third of the Roman Empire and Vaballathus was declared Augustus (Emperor) Aurelian, the latest legitimate Emperor, set forth from Rome and met the Palmyran army, commanded by Zabdas and Zenobia, in battle outside Antioch in 272 AD. The result was a Palmyran defeat, but most of the army was able to escape. A second battle was fought near Emesa a short time later, in which the Palmyrans were once again defeated. Zenobia fled to Palmyra which was besieged. She attempted to flee to Persia to seek aid, but was overtaken and captured. Following this the city surrendered. Aurelian set forth back to the Danube to repel a Carpi invasion, with his prisoners Zenobia, Vaballathus, Zabdas and other members of the Palmyran court in train, No sooner had he arrived at the Danube, however, than news arrived that Palmyra had revolted again, He immediately marched back all the way to Palmyra, which this time was thoroughly sacked and its walls dismantled, Zenobia was exhibited in Aurelian’s triumph in 274 AD, but thereafier was allowed to retire to a villa at Tibur (Tivoli) This list covers Palmyran armies from 258 to 273 AD. TROOP NOTES ‘Whether native Palmyran forces included drilled troops is open to doubt. The camel mounted caravan guards traditionally included in Palmyran army lists were not numerous enough to form a battle group, so have been omitted,LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT Lv ld Commander PAW ed 2 2x Troop Commander Fach comprising 4 bases of cataphracts: Superior, Heavily Armoured, Drilled eames 4865 | Cataphracts - Lancers, Swordsmen : Fach comprising 4 bases of horse archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Horse archers deal irae ans as " Fach comprising 6 bases of foot archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Rone Satie ae Light Foot — Bow Camp aa aap aa | Toul 5°BGs_| Camp, 28 mounted bases, 12 Toot bases, 3 commanders BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST * Commanders should be depicted as USING OUR ARMY POINTS er rae Choose an army based on the maxima and + The minima marked * apply if any Roman minima in the list below. The following special troops are used. instructions apply to this army: + Roman auxiliaries must be all Medium Foot or all Heavy Foot King Odenathus, Queen Zenobia and Palmyrene guardsman by Angus McBride. Taken from Men-at-Arms 243: Rome’s Enemies (5) The Desert Frontier. 58PALMYRAN Terry Type: Acura, Developed Hil ies Cine Insied Commande Fit Commander/Toop Commander 30750735 r ‘ - Field Commander ' 50 c Toop Commander 3 a | Toop Type opsbiites Points | Buses | Toul [aie ‘Aemour | Quality | Training | Showing [Close Combat) perbase | per BG | bases Gore Toop Healy Deed Lae, [2 Caiphnte sapere: : +6 | or ? armoured | S*P Todas swordsmen | ie =— Tigh Hose | Unpeisaed | Avnge | Undid | Bow - + [+e ae [High Hone [eprsecied) Average | Die How | Eagar] 9 eB Tigh Foot | Unpracact) avenge | Unie ow = ST ose Foot acters Meum Foo Uap | Arage | Unik Bow = 5 | |Moiium ort) Unpracscd) averge | riled) ‘Bow = ¢ [ee | oe ‘Optional Troops = Roman caalry Coalry | Armoured | Average | Dri - [Heese is | ee | oe | Armoured impact Foot. ra eae | Seer | ta ate Foran Protec saieanies,| legionares a os Pan mer impact Font, | 1 seth ied | ee | Bae ~ | Swordssien |p Png — ee mc Roman Medium or | Armour Liga Spen. |? as | erage | rite : 7 se | ae ausilanes — | Only | Heavy Foot | Petes | ee Sworianen|| pert ‘archers keane ] T DOA eit attached 10, saad — © pacar Ligh foe | unprtece | prited | pow - on i ” Roman fot as Ie sy ety of BG | Aaa Tags | a Sepa Metin Boot | superior | Dried ‘shuld | " deployed Protced_| samen | , | ay teponary — a [area] Ligh Spear.) ® tania Metin Rn |e |e ere | T ” v1 Allies | aballes = See Feld of Gory Companion 1: Rise ne Ruban Rome ar | Armenian alles Middle Armenian EARLY FRANKISH, ALAMANNIL, BURGUNDI, LIMIGANTES, QUADI, RUGIL, SUEBI OR TURCILINGI This list covers those non-Sarmatized Germanic covered until 496 AD. The other tribes ceased to tribes who mainly fought on foot, but many of have an independent existence around the turn whose nobles fought on horseback, from c.260 of the Sth-6th century. AD until the absorption of the Suebi by the The Franks emerged in the 3rd century as a Visigoths in the late 6th century. The Franks are confederation of several tribes, including theLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT Sicambri, Chamavi, Chatti, and Chattuarii. They came to be subdivided into Salian Franks, living near the sea, and Ripuarian Franks, living along the lower Rhine. In 358 AD, Salian Franks were allowed to settle as foederati in the Roman Empire on the left bank of the Rhine. Following the final collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, the Franks under Clovis I expanded into modern France, conquering the sub-Roman Kingdom of Soissons in 486 AD, the Alamanni in 505 AD and expelling the Visigoths from most of southern France in $07 AD. The Alamanni were in conflict with the Romans from the early 3rd century. In 268 AD, they invaded Gaul and northern Italy, being ultimately defeated by the emperor Claudius II Gothicus. Further incursions followed, battles being fought in 271, 298, 356, 357, 367 and 378 AD. With the collapse of the Roman frontier defences at the start of the Sth century, they crossed the Rhine again and settled north of the Alps. They were defeated and absorbed by the Franks in 505 AD. The Burgundi crossed the Rhine in the carly 5th century and established a kingdom which eventually occupied the borderlands between modern France, Italy and Switzerland. In $34 AD, they were defeated and absorbed by the Franks. ALAMANNI STA The Limigantes were former subjects of the Sarmatians who successfully rebelled in the 4th century ‘The main tribes included amongst the Suebi were the Semnones, the Marcomanni and the Quadi. Prior to the Sth century, they lived north of the Rhine and Danube. The Quadi were the easternmost and may have been more Sarmatized than the others, having taking in Sarmatian exiles following the revolt of the Limigantes. Under pressure from the expanding Hunnic empire, the Suebi under King Hermeric were amongst the tribes that crossed the frozen Rhine on December 31, 406 AD and poured into Gaul. From there the Suebi proceeded south, crossed the Pyrences into the Iberian peninsula and established themselves as foederati in the Roman province of Gallaecia (modern Galicia and northern Portugal). Their Iberian kingdom lasted from 410 until 585 AD, when it was conquered by the Visigoths. The Rugii were an East German tribe who became subject to the Hunnic empire of Attila in the Sth century AD, but afier its collapse formed their own kingdom in modern Austria. They were defeated by King Odoacer of Italy in 487 AD, and joined the Ostrogoths. They took part in the Ostrogothic invasion of Italy in 489 AD. ‘The Turcilingi were an East German tribe who were amongst the followers of Odoacer. Fach comprising 4 bases of cavalry: Superior, Protected, Undrilled Cavalry — Fach comprising 8 bases of warriors: Average, Protected, Undrilled Heavy | 1 Field Commander 2-2 x Troop Commander a DGS | Tiree Soratchen Warriors Archers | Jevelinmen Camp oulEARLY FRANKISH, ALAMANNI, BURGUNDI, LIMIGANTES, QUADI, RUGII, SUEBI OR TURCILINGI BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST + Commanders should be depicted as cavalry. USING OUR ARMY POINTS + Romans cannot be used with any other Choose an army based on the maxima and allies minima in the list below. The following special instructions apply to this army: EARLY FRANKISH, ALAMANNI, BURGUNDI, LIMIGANTES, QUADI, RUGH, SUEBI OR TURCILINGI Try Types Arca, Hil, Woodande cue T noted Commande Fld Commande Toop Commander ca —/ - Field Commander x | od oe Treg coral 3s] | ___ Toop Type Point | Bases per base Armour | Quiliy | Talnng | Shoosing [Close Comba per BG Core Troops [eee | cee |v Tats: [yp | | theniguaees | Soler | Protected | Superior | Undriled ~ — lgeanficeen |? prea tt fancy | | Lancers, cwsty | Only Quads | Contry | Proead | superior | Undcted | - | MEN | 4g | oe ‘Only | } usa! 7 Nao a es | HEN Hone | Uaprteced| Avge | Undid | tins | Lighsear | 7 Ge - - an - Bs Warriors feavy Foot | Protectes werage Undilled - ae ae 12 214 i Hieny Foot | Protced | verge Unde impactor. fy [ain | arise ALSESE | tight Foot |Unprotected| Average Undeiled | Bow | = s | os | on | ates Ugh Foor | Vapracecd| Avge | Undeied | Bow | — 5 | Average | Undrilled Bow | = 5 | jncamen Foot [Uapacced| Aveige | Undeled | ine | TgbSpear | | aici ihre |, ee 2] reader within woe86 rifeations | l a i “Allies ‘an aly An (Onl Alma oF ic) | ny Fanti, alamannt,Bargunl,Linigand, Qual Ragan Suc or Turing! lie | Bay Ostropoi, ‘Vind ales = ay Vigo or Ey Vad ales (Only Anan or Si) | Roman ales Dominate Roman (OnbjSwdh) | Sarma alles~ Later Sxrmatan (Only Qua) |LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT EARLY FRAN! QUADI, RUGI ‘Aled commander Fe Toop ‘Troop name _— Te Amar | aly Anyercept | Cyalry | Protected pe caesty | onlyguaas | ceatty | rocicd | superior Onl Oat ses | Heb Hone |Unpraesed] erage warors very Fot | Protect | merge ANREP! | Light Foot | Unprotected | Average a ‘Light Foot | Unprotected | Average Alumanni : > ‘Medium Foo Unprotected | Average Icinmen Tigh Foor [Uaprscad | —avrge (SH, ALAMANN I, BURGUNDI, LIMIGA! JIRCILINGI ALLIES - Gopaies i Taming | Shontng [low Combor perbase | perBG | bases cau) ese | | sien Swordsmen | x | te | | 4 | on aueaae ‘Swordsmen ° | Undated | jets | Ligh spear | 7 | a impato| > | ga | ese pees Sword nae | ese || Undid | tow : s [+ | o | Unc) Boe sf | os United | Bow 3 [es Undid | fete | Ug Spear | + + [| EARLY ANGLO-SAXON, BAVARIAN, FRISIAN, OLD SAXON OR THURINGIAN This list covers those Germanic tribes that fought exclusively on foot, from c.260 AD to the early 6th century AD. Anglo-Saxon is a collective term for the Angles, Saxons and Jutes who settled in the south and east of Britain from the mid-Sth century, Old Saxon designates the Saxons remaining in northern Germany. They were absorbed by the Frankish Empire in 804 AD. The Frisians occupied the modern Netherlands and coastal north-west Germany, were partly conquered by the Franks in 689, and were finally absorbed at about the same time as the Old Saxons. The Bavarians were absorbed in 778 AD, the Thuringians in $32 AD. Household Warrior Musician EARLY ANGLO-SAXON STARTER ARM 8 bases of warriors: Superior, Protected, Undrilled Heavy Commander-in-Chief 1 Field Commander Sub-commanders | 2 2 xTroop Commander Nobles and household =, Each comprising warriors 2 BGs Foot — Impact Foot, Swordsmen Other warriors Span eae Archers | ~G bases of a Se | Light Spear Camp 1 Unfortified camp al 9 BGS Camp, 68 foot ba 8 bases of warriors: Average, Protected, Undrilled Heavy Foot — Impact Foot, Swordsmen. crs: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot ~ Bow “6 bases of javelinmen: Average, Unprovected, Undrilled Light Foot —Javelins, ses, 3 commanders 62EARLY ANGLO-SAXON, BAVARIAN, FRISIAN, OLD SAXON OR THURINGIAN Anglo-Saxon warriors, by Gerry Embleton. Taken from Men-at-Arms 129: Rome's Enemies (1) Germanics and Dacians. BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST + Commanders should be USING OUR ARMY POINTS depicted as nobles. Choose an army based on the maxima and minima in the list below. The following special instructions apply to this army Anglo-Saxon CommanderLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT EARLY ANGLO-SAXON, BAVARIAN, FRISIAN, OLD SAXON OR THURINGIAN “Terntory Types Agee Woodlands Eine Tinie Conmiande/ Fd Commander Toop Commander 80/5075 T Field Commander 0 a Top Commander 35 0 Besmmane | ‘Troop Type Capabilities Points Bases Total “p he ‘arinour | Quality | Teaining | Shoowing [Close Combat) perbase | per BG | bases = xe oops Nobles T tnako.] » | ei | eu household warriors | Mey Foot | Protected / Superior) Undrilled a ‘Swordsmen a. ~ Heavy Foot | Protected | doers Undrilled - pac oot. | M132 ther warriors | Hey u | era | Undid Bare ae en | aan hes Tigh Foor | Unproed} merge | Unilled | — Bow = a a Iectinmen Ligh Foot | Unproeced| vege | Undid | Joclns | taeSpear | 4 | 68 EARLY ANGLO-SAXON, BAVARIAN, FRISIAN, OLD SAXON OR THURINGIAN ALLIES Aled commander itd Commnder/Trop Commande 3075 ! soapuane ToopThre Capabiives Poinw | fines | Tol By Type [Armour [Quality [Training |” siooxing [Close Come) Perbase | per BG | bases Core Top aaa cttamarion HERYFoot | Protected | Superior | Undriled eee le +e | 4s Other warriors lewy Foo | Protected | Avcrage | Undriled impacto. | | az | 8-36 archers ce = Ter! Tivelinmen Light Foot | Unprotected | Average | Undid | avelins | Light Spear | 4 % EARLY OSTROGOTHIC, HERUL, SCIRI OR TAIFALI This list covers the above Germanic tribes from ¢.260 AD until the later Sth century, Under Sarmatian inffuence they had adopted cavalry tactics. The Ostrogoths, living north of the Black Sea, greatly expanded their territory north-westwards in the 3rd and 4th centuries, but came under Hunnic domination in the 370s, Ostrogothic exiles took part, with the Visigoths, in the defeat of the Romans at Adrianopolis in 378 AD. In 405 AD, the Roman general Stilicho defeated, 64 a coalition of Ostrogoths, Suebi, Vandals and ‘Alans which had invaded Italy under Radagaisus. In 451 AD, Ostrogoths took part on the Hunnic side under Auila in the battle of Campus Mauriacus against the Romans, Visigoths and Alans under Aetius. Following the death of Auila in 453 AD, the Ostrogoths and Gepids defeated the Huns at the Battle of Nedao in 454 AD, thus ending the Hunnic Empire. In 488 AD, under King Theodoric the Great, the Ostrogoths set out, at the request of the Eastern Roman EmperorEARLY OSTROGOTHIC, Zeno, to conquer Italy from King Odoacer. By 493 Odoacer was defeated and killed. The armies of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy are covered by the Italian Ostrogothic list (See Field of Glory Companion 7: Decline and Fall: Byzantium at War). The Heruls are first mentioned by Roman writers in the mid-3rd century, when they accompanied the Goths ravaging the Black Sea and Aegean coasts, By the end of the 4th century they were subject to the Ostrogoths. When the Ostrogothic kingdom was subjugated by the Huns in the 370s, the Heruls became subject to the Huns. After the defeat of the Huns in 454AD, they created a kingdom in the south of modern Slovakia. Together with the Sciri, Heruls formed part of the foederate forces of Odoacer, who HERUL, SCIRI OR TAIFALI deposed the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, in 476 AD and declared himself King of Maly destruction of their kingdom by the Lombards, some became foederati in the Byzantine army. Later, following the In the 4th century, the Sciri, living in the Carpathians, were defeated by the Huns. Some joined the Goths and others became Roman foederati. They formed a major part of the forces of King Odoacer, who was himself probably Scirian The Taifali were another related horse-riding tribe. Ostrogothic Cavalryman = The battle of Campus Mauriacus, AD 451, by Angus McBride. Taken from Warrior 17: Germanic Warrior AD 236-568. 65. ror year artLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT EARLY OSTROGOTHIC STARTER ARMY Commander-in-Chiet | 1 Field Commander (Sub-commanders [2 Troop Commander Boe Jan aed =a Dace Esch comprising + bases of eaalry: Superior, Armoured, Undvilled Cavaly = Lancers, Swordsmen ovale Tape. | Bet comprising + bases of cvalry: Superior Protected, Undrlled Cavalry — zy #805 | Lancers, Swordsmen archers 4g, | Ea comping 8 iss of acer average, ipreeed UntTea Lr [camp ha eee ar Toral TO BGs) Camp, 2 mounted bases, 32 Toot bases, 3 commanders BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST + Commanders should be depicted USING OUR ARMY POINTS peels Choose an army based on the maxima and * Suebi andVandalallies can be used minima in the list below. The following special together, Otherwise only one instructions apply to this army allied contingent can be used. Herul Javelinman ? ISSO Sonik Teeitory Types: Apical, Steppes ] x Inspired Commande Fel Commander Toop Consander 50750735 i - uo Fal Comma 3a] o aman oop Commander a a - . Capabilities “Points| Bases | Total le [_ Quay [Training [ Shooting [Ce Comat) per base | perBG | bases Core Troopt | testy | cers | sapere] sana) =) es airy | Armoured | Superior | Uni eee only r Taner coatry | Protest | Superior | United Be va ‘Alexcep [Medium Pot] Unprowcied| Average af chess | Heras | Tight Foot | Unproecied Baw - Fnelnimen | Only eral igh Foot | Unproxccd Tiel | Tigh Spear Lighetione [Uaproeied | PET T unas | ow | swondemen 33 age Atsasor | Oniy fm [| Tape] Superior Hue | 376 Unprecied | Average Coty fommeceed SOR! Uadited | Bow | Sondsmen Proieccd | Superior Protea | merge | ae | Wagon ger oF TER defences Forufeaions| : Fake ap : [Carp allies Dacian or Capt On Sen) —— Bargund ogi or Soe aes ~ Early Frankish, Alimanni, Bargondl, Ling Quid Rg, Seb or Torclngt (Only Ostagobis or Sel) Gepid ales Gap o ary tard (Oni Sei) — - a — ‘nda allies = Fry Vandal (Only Ontrogoths) 66GEPID OR EARLY LOMBARD EARLY OSTROGOTHIC, HERUL, SCIRI OR TAIFALI ALL nS led comer Peli Gomane/ Trop Comaer’ m7 a i Toopiype [Gai | paims | ses | Toul Thee] Amer [aly | Training | Shoring [Close Cont] pertoe | perc | tases coutry Carty | Prteced | sipenor Unda | eee | on [ae | tte ran | Nien Pim ce Urprasecl) enge | Unded | Bow ss Heros Tigicfoor [Unpreced | arge | Undid | tow | s [ee] +e Jivelinmen | Only Heras] Tight Foot | Unprotected | Average | Undried | Jnvelins | Light Spear | 9 | 8 | GEPID OR EARL} EARLY LO} LOMBARD This list covers Gepid armies from ¢.260 AD until their suppression by the Lombards in 567 AD. It also covers Lombard armies from the late Sth century AD until just before their invasion of Italy in 568 AD. The Gepids were an East Germanic tribe first mentioned €.260 AD, when they invaded Dacia together with the Goths. They occupied the Carpathian basin from this time until their final demise. In the 4th century, they paid tribute first to the Ostrogoths, then to the Huns. They fought under King Arderic for Attila at the battle of Campus Mauriacus in +51 AD, Together with the Ostrogoths, they overthrew Hunnic power at the battle of Nedao in 454-AD, following the death of Attila, From $46 AD, they were defeated several times by the Lombards, who finally conquered them in $67 AD. The Lombards (Langobards or Longobards) were another Germanic people living near the mouth of the Elbe in the Ist and 2nd centuries AD. Just before the Marcomannic Wars (160-180), they Invaded Pannonia (a Roman province comprising parts of modern Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia) but were defeated by the Romans and returned home to the lower Elbe. Thereafier they may have been subject to the Saxons until the later 4th century when they began their migration. By the early 6th century they were living to the west of the Gepids. Afier a series of wars they conquered the Gepids in 567 AD. In 568 AD, under King Alboin, they invaded Byzantine Italy, where they established a kingdom. Their thereafier are covered by the Lombard list (See Field of Glory Companion 7 Decline and Fall: Byzantium at War) armies Gepid Cavalryman Erna racer ert Coty Proven)LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT ASIEN Field Commander [2 Troop Commander Tach comprising 4 bases of cavalry PONEEaE 3 PGS Heavy Foot — Impact Foot, Swordsmen ae Jags | Fh comprising & bases ofarchers: Average, Unprovected, Undilled Light Foot — Bow Camp 1 Unforiied amp (Teal) BGS “Camp, 16 mounted bases, 40 foot bases, Scommandes BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST + Commanders should be depicted as cavalry. USING OUR ARMY POINTS + Minima marked * apply only if any foot are Choose an army based on the maxima and used, minima in the list below. The following special instructions apply to this army: PID OR EARLY LOMBA) Tertory Types: Agricul, ly, Woodlands or I Thpied Commander Pek Commande Toop Coriander a0/50/35 Zz Til Commander ta suvcommanders |i Gommanie aE I Toop Commander os eer eea ‘Troop Type Capabilities Points Bases Total ae] ining | Shooung [Chwe Combar) perbase | perBG bases Cexetr0ope ] catty | arioused | superioe | undated - | fee] as | ae [oe canty 12-60) Tacs Slee ee oaty | rawant | Spin | uot | — | | 60 Foot warrion: | Heavy Foot | Protected | Average | Undid ager | 7 vets va Viedior Foot] Unproiccicd | Average | Undiiled | Bow . cous me Tight Foot | Unprotected | Average | Undvilled | Bow — 3 ee Opsioat Troops Tonifed camp 7 Bs ‘Allies a Only epids ‘Saoga or Hera alles = Ey Oaogati, Hel Sto Tal Rogan ales aly Fran, Alsmsnn,Bugund, mig, Quay Theringn a i Ange Sen, Bean, Fran, OH Sin orTurngan [ Wad ales ay Wgthico Ey Vaal Onytombare | Ava alies~ See Fedo Compania 7: Bein ed Fal yao a War Frankish or Sociales ~Farly Frankish, Alsmanni, Burgond, Limigan, Quad, Rul, Suebi or Tarclingl 68WESTERN HUNNIC | trop ame Troop Type Capabilities Points| Bases] Tou] Type [Armour | Oniy— Showing [Clos Coma] perbase | persG | bases | | coy Cwalry | Protected | Super somea| 7 | oe | om | | | | [acta Seat K Heavy Foot | Protected | Average | Undeiled = RES 5 Seay aes) foot wariow | Heseyoo | Prowacd | Acta | uitsitea pee Fe | | pen ta Ure | Ags | ie | awe [S| | Tight For [Unprotected] Average | Undrled | Bow SIs WESTERN HUNNIC This list covers the Western Huns from the later 4th century AD until the absorption of their remnants by the Avars in the mid-6th century. Linguistic studies have shown that at least the ruling clans of the Western Huns were probably of Turkic origin. By the nature of steppe society, however, by the 4th century the Huns are likely to have included an ethnically diverse mixture of assimilated steppe nomad groups. The leading clans may have been descended from the i Hsiung-nu, who had been the greatest threat t0 Han China's northern border before their defeat by the Chinese in the mid-2nd century. The Huns were present north-west of the Caspian Sea in the 3rd century, From 370 AD on they moved westwards, subjugating the Alans, Ostrogoths and Gepids amongst others, Pressure on the other Germanic tribes led to the great migrations that ultimately resulted in the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. rina 1 ma “e Hunnic raids. Taken from Essential Histories 21: Rome at War AD 293-696. 0 orto erty oT) WESTERN HUNNICLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT In 395 AD, a major raid across the Caucasus Mountains pillaged Armenia, besieged Antioch and reached as far as Tyre (in the south of modern Lebanon). In 408 AD, under Uldin, the Huns with Sciri allies invaded Moesia (a Roman. province including parts of modern Serbia and Bulgaria) but were defeated by the Romans and pulled back. Previously a loose confederation of tribes each under its own king, from 420 AD on, under Octar and later his brother Rua, the Huns began to be welded into a single coherent force. Under Rua, large allied forces were supplied to the Roman general Aetius, who had spent time as a hostage with the Huns in his youth. This alliance enabled Aetius to suppress for the time being the ambitions of the Germanic tribes settled in various parts of the Western Roman Empire ATTILA THE HUN In 434AD, while planning a major invasion of the He succeeded by his nephews, the brothers Attila and Bleda, who ruled jointly but still treated the Hunnic Empire as a single entity. In 435 AD, the Eastern Empire was forced to sign the Treaty of Margus, under which (amongst other provisions) an annual tribute was to be paid to the Huns. The Eastern Roman Empire, Rua died, was Fast Romans failed to observe all the provisions of this treaty, resulting in Hunnic invasions. In 443 AD, following a major defeat of the East Roman army at the Battle of Chersonesus, the Peace of Anatolius was signed, under which the annual tribute was increased almost ten-fold. In 445 AD, Bleda died, leaving Attila as sole tuler. In 447 AD, he invaded the Eastern Empire again, reaching as far as Thermopylae in Greece, but failed to take Constantinople, whose walls, 7 severely damaged in an earthquake, had been hastily rebuilt. A further peace treaty was signed in 449 AD. The Western Empire had so far escaped from hostile Hunnic attention, probably owing to the friendship between Attila and Aetius. However, when Honoria, sister of the Western Emperor Valentinian LI, wrote to Attila requesting his help to avoid being married off against her will, Attila chose to interpret this as an offer of marriage, and demanded half the Western Empire as dowry. In 451 AD, the massed forces of the Hunnic Empire, including Huns, Ostrogoths, Gepids, Sciri, invaded Gaul and laid siege to Aurelianum ranks, Rugii, Burgundi and Thuringians, (Orléans). Aetius, making common cause with the foederate kings, advanced to meet the Huns with an army of regular Roman troops, Visigoths, Alans, Franks and Armoricans. The Huns had almost taken the city, but on the arrival of Aetius’s forces fell back into more open terrain Hunnic CavalryWESTERN HUNNIC THE BATTLE OF CAMPUS The probable dispositions were as follows: on the allied side, the Visigoths (under King Theoderic and his son Thorismund) on the right, the Alans (under the unreliable King Sangiban) in the centre, and the Roman forces (under Aetius) on the left. On the Hunnic side, the Ostrogoths (under the brothers Valamir, Theodemir and Vidimir) facing the Visigoths, the Huns (under Attila) facing the Alans and the Gepids (under King Ardaric) and other Germanic subjects facing the Romans, The allied forces succeeding in taking a small hill to the front, which gave them an advantage in the ensuing fighting The Visigoths broke the Ostrogoths opposite them (although King Theodoric was killed in the fighting) and the Hunnic army fell back in disorder. Attila withdrew: his army to his camp and the following day began to retreat. There was no pursuit, possibly because Actius wanted the keep the Huns as a credible threat so as to keep the foederate kings in order. WESTERN HUNNIC STA r Field Commander Bow, Swordsmen L Unfortified camp BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST USING OUR ARMY POINTS Choose an army based on the maxima and minima in the list below. The following special instructions apply to this army: + Commanders should be depicted as nobles. aA Clearly Autila’s defeat was not decisive, because the following year he invaded Maly and sacked, several major cities before retiring again to his own territory. In 453 AD, Auila was planning to invade the Eastern Empire again, in retaliation for the new Emperor, Marcian, stopping the tribute payments. However, afier taking a new wile, he died suddenly on his wedding night AFTER ATTILA Following the death of Attila his sons fell out over the succession. The Ostrogoths and Gepids took this opportunity to rebel and defeated the Huns at the Battle of Nedao in 454 AD. This marked the end of the Hunnic Empire. Remnant tribes, the Kutrigur and Utigur Huns, lingered in the steppe around the Sea of Azov. They became the Bulgars (See Field of Glory Companion 7: Decline and Fall: Byzantium at War). Another group, the Sabir Huns, lived to the north west of the Caspian Sea. Al these groups were subjugated by the Avars in the mid-6th century. weve 2.x Troop Commander Each comprising 4 bases of nobles: Superior, Armoured, Undrilled Cavalry — Each comprising 4 bases of horse archers: Superior, Unprotected, Undrilled |_ Light Horse ~ Bow, Swordsmen | Camp, 36 mounted bases, 3 commanders + Minima marked * apply if any troops so marked as used. + Optionally, all oops in a subject allied contingent can be downgraded one quality class to. represent disaffection. Rugian Subject FootLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT Tertory Types Arial Woodlands, Steppes | / [ie] npr Commander Field Commande perso] oe = Bed Command SO | Sub-commanders 4 = “Troop Commander [3s 0 ‘Troop Type | apatites) pints | aases | Tort | ‘Troop mame eee ares ' ee tase | per BG i ype | Armour | Quill” | Taming | Shoong (Clove Comat Perbuse | per BG | bases PS... ie Nobles ‘Cavalry | Armoured | Superior | Undrilled Bow | Swordsmen | 18 | #6 | | Superior | | — | 2 | | Ligh Horse | Unprorected "| ndeted | Bow | Sworn | a] | oo a Hone archers zs ze 46 18-102 ‘Unprotected | Average 0 coal Undried | Row | Swordsmen | Prexeaed | Sipeior 4 Froxeaed | Arenge | iv = Tes Optional Troops The ra aa [ish Howe [Unprced] Arenge | United | tow [Swondanen | 10 | | Alan subjects | Onl before ‘Unprotected | | | i | #6 | 6 | +4 coat eee ene | Uren Srden | 1 Hera or cnt | Only Bere) Gy Superior | wees. | | og | oe | Herulor sent Only bef) Cssatry | Protected | SUPETT | ited || gamers | +6 | os | sbees | ase Fata | swordsmen |g] 6 | O# | Fouiedanp | T fo] ~ Special Campin Un in 608 - - Sein lies aly Osroghie Her Ser oF - | [Ala romaa30 953 aa | | Begun, Frank, —T reas T lmanmell @ | oo. | Regn orThngian | Many Foe | Proce | vod fmraccfoot | 7 | gaz | eae | ee Swordsmen | —¢ | Osogohicsubjec alles ~ Early Osrogotic, Hera, Sci or Taf ‘Gepid subject allies ~ Gepid or Early Lombard cara I STERN HUNNIC ALLIES Reems | Ped Comrade Top Commander os | (cree | oT ume —| ae fee | | [ie [ner | eaiy [Fat |S Ca] mrt | per 9 | ha | | Nobles | cavalry | ‘Armoured | Superior | Unduilled Bow | Swordsmen| 18 | 4 | O4 | aie R | Bw ce | ae ese | | | heage 70 lie ‘Superior i =| |. 2 Horse archers . ~ } +6 | 6-24 | a Undrilled Bow ‘Swordsmen | ; | raseed | Superior = 2 Protected Average ma lHEPHTHALITE HUNNIC HEPHTHALITE HUNNIC Called Ephthalites by the Greeks, Hiinas by the Indians and White Huns by others, the Hephthalites were of uncertain origin, but they may have been either Indo-European, Turkic or a mixed horde. Arriving north-east of the Sassanid Persian Empire, they raided its eastern provinces repeatedly in the latter half of the 4th century, C485 they succeeded in reducing the Sassanids to tributary status. A series of wars from 503 to 513 AD, drove them out of Persia. In India, the Hfinas had established themselves in modern Afghanistan and the north-west frontier provinces of Pakistan by the early Sth century. In 455 AD, the Gupta emperor ‘Skandagupta repelled a Hiina invasion. C.475, the svNHGG Field Commander HUNNIC STAI Hiinas conquered Gandhara (in northern Pakistan) from the Kidarites. The Hina Emperor Mihirakula, who ruled from $20 AD, had his capital at Sakala (modern Sialkot in the Pakistani Punjab). In 528 AD, the Hiinas were defeated by Yasodharman of Malwa, and by 542 AD, they had been driven out of the north Indian plains. C.560 they were decisively defeated by an alliance of the Sassanid king Khosrau I with the Géktiirks. After the end of the 6th century litte is written about them, and they may have been assimilated into the population of northern India. This list covers the Hephthalites from the mid-4th century AD until the loss of their Indian empire in the mid-6th century. FR ARM “2 x Troop Commander | fach comprising 4 bases of nobles: Superior, Armoured, Undrilled Cavalry Fach comprising 4 bases of horse archers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled | Each comprising 2 bases of elephants: Average, Undrilled Blephants, 6 bases of elephant escort halberdiers: Average, Protected, Undrilled 10 bases of Indian levy foot: Poor, Unprotected, Undrilled Medium Foot = ‘Camp, 28 mounted bases, 16 foot bases, 3 commanders oS | 2 BGS | — pow, swordsmen aeoee | 26% | Light Horse — Bow, Swordsmen aS ses HENNE eaberesions Elephants | 2s | Bkephant escort mae |_halberdiers | ‘Medium Foot ~ Heavy Weapon | Indian levy foot rag | yb Camp | Uatowitied camp Toral 10 BGS | BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LIST USING OUR ARMY POINTS Choose an army based on the maxima and minima in the list below. The following B special instructions apply to this army: + Commanders should be depicted as nobles. Sor SEN Peete HUNNICCine sss LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT led commander Fortified camp [ome | taped worsorss Pid Commander T 0 co “Trap Commander I 8 I roe ae pais Teint pertase | ons | Toul | Armour | Qualy | Trining [Shooting [Che Comte] Melee | per | tases sense mies Dee Nobles —_ Caalry | Armoured | Superior | Undvied [Bow | Swowknen | 18 | 6 | OF [Sesieali : 2 | Light Horse | Unprotected | Undrilted | Bow ‘swordsmen i [TT rerage 10 Teese | Sette | am | | cay | Me “_/ unaited | pow | swordsmen || recced_| “Soper u a = — = - ny mins (75 19 50) Hlephanes Hlephants = ‘Average | ~ Undrilled| = = Se Niktienton| Hemel | United © pew Weapon] oases chums) tel | wage | undated | — jay Wan inten bya OH Uneeed | Poor | Gaeta | : i , Protected . - ana [5 a a Ton ports | te | aod Aswnour [Quality [Tring [” Shoting [Chose Comat | Melee | perBG | tne Nobles Armoured | Superior | Undrilled —— cn cm cs al | ol 7 —__ 8 Ligh Hone | Unprotected |_| yndited | ow | Sordsmen ge 0 "| Unprotected | Superior R Horse archers : = | | + +6 om I 0 in, UREEE Hea ake | nae || econ Teateed | Sper it Es i Oniyinindia(W75%0 860) =e ‘Bepbaets leplaais | = “heerage | Undriled a 7 | 02 | Bephnr sco of i — aa Mednen Foor] Prowced | avenge | Onis | — (KemyWapon] 7 | 4 | om Tain ny ax | eon Far] Unprowaed | Poor | Undid | Bow [> ee if maHEPHTHALITE HUNNIC CHIONITE HUNNIC ALLIES The Chionites were prominent in Transoxania and Bactria in the later 4th and early Sth centuries AD. Whether they were in fact an entirely separate entity from the Hephthalite Huns is uncertain. In the late 4th or early Sth century, a Kushanized Chionite dynasty, the Kidarites, took control of the remaining Kushan eto Aled commander In “Troop Tipe | Gasbines maid | GE [a Tyre Armour | Quality | Training | Shoowing [Close Combat] per base | perBG | bases Superior | Lancers, | 10 et Ccomay | Unprtcaied Undated |= +s | 06 | it eee Average | swordsmen |g I ves Stein tir | Geese | eestor | pooner’ | Pt lee = pe Cary | Unprexecied | Average | Undrilled | Bow | Swordkmen | 10 | . SABIR HUNNIC ALLIES HUNNIC ALL "Feld Conemumlee/ Troop Contender [ s072s territories in north-west India and flourished briefly before falling to the Hephthalite Huns near the end of the Sth century. This list covers allied contingents supplied by the Chionite Huns, other than the Kidarite Kingdom. + Commanders should be depicted as nobles. gy ‘The Sabir occupied the Caspian Depression north of the Caspian Sea following the fall of the Western Hunnic Empire in 454 AD. They supplied mercenary allied contingents to the Sassanids until $52 AD, when they switched sides to the Byzantines. Soon after, they were SABIR HUNNIC ALLIES conquered by the Avars. The list covers allied, contingents supplied by the Sabir — these included fierce and effective foot. + Commanders should be depicted as nobles. Pes Mi commmaner Bes Cane Tog Corser Tas " aie as. Troop Type [-_eapsies pois ses | Toul Type [Armour | Qualiy” | Thaiing) Sioung [Close Comiar| per base | per BG | bases Ss Graky[ Armowed | Sup] Undated | tow —| Sein | ta + [0 — a Liictone | vapcea | united | sow | swontimen | == o Tapa] Sir Slatin 2 Horse archers : = an | 4s | ots amie] Bee 0 canary | | ASS | undrited | mow — | swordsmen | Teel ree | 8 Proceed | merge | | u Toocwirion | venproot | prtcced | avenge vod | — [S| [ee [es - 1 = a Se 7sLEGIONS TRIUMPHANT ARMORICAN ALLIES This list covers allied contingents supplied by the Armoricans (a mixture of native Armoricans, remnant limitanei, Romano-British emigrants from eastern Britain, Celtic speaking emigrants, Britain, and Alan settlers) following loss of Roman control of the region from western (modern Brittany) in the Sth century: Drilled foot represent remnant limitanei units + The commander should be depicted as Armorican cavalry or Alan nobles, RMORICAN ALLIES Aled commander eld Commander Troop Commander 00/25 1 | a Troop Thre Gps tons | mace | Toul | " Tyee “Armour | Quality | Training | Shooting [Close Combar| Perbase | per BG | bases Tmoured | Superior 6 Armorcicairy) Cay SU NTE atta Ligitspeas |) % rected | Siperor ; Swordsmen 12 K. Protec | Aerie ° ‘an noes caraty | armoured | superior | undid ros ee sordamen | es Cs a Menten tty SPIEL ege | undated | Bow | Sordsmen | 8) = rece | Ue Mets of Ligh spear, i remercnfoce | MEOH | ced | Poor | Unieled | | LAM Seu os | os for | Dried 5 ij APPENDIX 1 — USING THE LISTS To give balanced games, armies can be selected minima and maxima. Troops that have using the points system. The more effective the troops, the more each base costs in points The maximum points for an army will usually be set at between 600 and 800 points for a singles game for 2 to 4 hours play. We recommend 800 points for 1 5mm singles tournament games (650 points for 25mm) and 1000 points for 15mm doubles games. The army lists specify which troops can be used in a particular army. No other troops can be used. The number of bases of each type in the army must conform to the specified restrictions on when they can be used cannot be used with troops with a conflicting restriction, For example, troops that can only be used “before 235 AD" cannot be used with troops that can only be used “from 235 AD”. All special instructions applying to an army list must be adhered to. They also apply to allied contingents supplied by the army. All armies must have a C-in-C and at least one other commander. No army can have more than 4 commanders in total, including C-in-C, sub-commanders and allied commanders.APPENDIX 1 All armies must have a supply camp. This is free unless fortified. A fortified camp can only be used if specified in the army list. Field fortifications and portable defences can only be used if specified in the army list. Allied contingents can only be used if specified in the army list, Most allied contingents, have their own allied contingent list, to which they must conform unless the main army's list specifies otherwise the battle group to be of types from wo lines. e.g, 2/3 spearmen, 1/3 archers. + All oops in a battle group must be of the same quality and training When a choice of quality or training is given in a list, this allows battle groups to differ from each other. It does not permit variety within a battle group. + Unless specifically stated otherwise in an army list, all troops in a battle group must be of the same armour class. When a choice of BATTLE GROUPS armour class is given in a list, this allows All troops are organized into battle groups, battle groups to differ from each other. It Commanders, supply camps and field does not permit variety within a battle group. fortifications are not troops and are not assigned to battle groups. Portable defences are not troops, but are assigned to specific battle groups. Battle groups must obey the following restrictions: + The number of bases in a battle group must correspond to the range specified in the army list + Each battle group must initially comprise an even number of bases. The only exception (o this rule is that bate groups whose army list specifies them as 2/3 of one type and 1/3 of another, can comprise 9 bases if this EXAMPLE LIST Here is a section of an actual army list, which will help us to explain the basics and some special features. The list specifies the following items for each historical type included in the army: + Troop Type ~ comprising Type, Armour, Quality and Training * Capabilities — comprising Shooting and Close Combat capabilities * Points cost per base + Minimum and maximum number is within the battle group size range specified by the list. : + Abattle group can only include troops from one line in a list, unless the list specifies a mixed formation by specifying fractions of of bases in each battle group. Minimum and number of bases in the army. Perens HUNNIC maximum Re cata Roman Centurion 7LEGIONS TRIUMPHANT

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