Soft X-ray Self Seeding Project at LCLS

D. Ratner, J.W. Amann, D. Bohler, M. Boyes, D. Cocco, D. Fairley, Y. Feng,

J. Hastings, P. Heimann, Z. Huang, J. Krzywinski, H. Loos, S. Moeller, D. Morton,
P. Montanez, H.D. Nuhn, D. Walz, J. Welch, J. Wu (SLAC)
K. Chow, P. Emma, L. Rodes (LBNL), U. Flechsig (PSI)
Abstract
After successful demonstration of hard x-ray self-seeding, LCLS is now extending the
capability to soft x-rays. The soft x-ray self-seeding (SXRSS) project aims to provide
resolving power of at least 5000 across the photon energy range of 500-1000 eV. Here
we present details of the current status of the SXRSS module. Commissioning is
scheduled to begin in the Fall of 2013.

Grating Damage Tests

Measured damage on platinum sample: photon energy 9 keV, beam size, 590 um2 pulse
energy 1mJ, incident angle 2.1 deg, beam line transmission 0.1, 100 shots per spot
damage threshold 1.2 Torr attenuator = 3.6% transmission = 0.73 J/cm2

Introduction
SASE operation at LCLS provides soft X-ray FEL radiation with a bandwidth of
0.2-1% bandwidth. The soft x-ray self-seeding (SXRSS) project aims to produce a
bandwidth below 0.02% across the photon energy range 500-1000 eV. The
equivalent hard x-ray scheme made use of a diamond Bragg reflection to simplify
the monochromator optics to a single element. At soft x-rays, it is necessary to use a
grating monochromator, consisting of a grating and three mirrors, to select and
refocus a single wavelength. An overlap diagnostics system is also required to
realign the x-ray and electron beams.
An optics design was found that allowed the monochromator to fit within a single
undulator segment [1] and the project subsequently went into production as a 3-lab
collaboration between SLAC, LBNL, and PSI. PSI is responsible for the optics,
LBNL is responsible for the monochromator mechanics, and SLAC is responsible
for the chicane, overlap diagnostics and commissioning. The components are now
complete and will be assembled and installed over the next three months.
Commissioning is expected to begin in November.

SXRSS Concept
Scheme divides LCLS undulators into two sections. A monochromator selects a
narrow bandwidth slice from the first section, and feeds the radiation back onto the
electron beam to seed the FEL process in the second section. A chicane diverts the
electrons around the monochromator and washes out upstream microbunching.
Wavelength is by the angle of the M1 mirror. In total, wavelength tuning, alignment
and bandwidth are controlled by 9 separate motors.

Conclude that platinum damage threshold is safely above 1uJ power requirement

Current Status
Photos of currently available hardware shown below. Optics, beam overlap
diagnostics and chicane are complete. Optics chambers will be installed in the next few
months.

Beam overlap diagnostics

Optics

chicane

electron
1st

torr

undulator

grating

SASE FEL

2nd undulator
FEL

Grating

Seeded FEL
grazing
mirrors

electron
dump

slit

Chicane

SXRSS Components
Monochromator

Beam overlap diagnostics

Y
X

Optics (U. Flechsig, PSI)

Card

Optics Chambers
Mirror

Optics chambers designed and built by LBNL

M2/M3 Chamber

Slit

M2/M3 optics

Conclusion
U8

U10

Chicane designed and built by SLAC

The SXRSS project at SLAC aims to produce a resolving power of at least 5000 across
the photon energy range 500-1000 eV. The project is currently undergoing assembly
and installation into the LCLS undulator hall. Commissioning of the chicane will
begin at the end of September, and commissioning of the optics will begin in
November, 2013.

Y. Feng et al., FEL12, Nara Japan, TUOBI01 (2012) dratner@slac.stanford.edu