Penyelidikan Tanah

Tanah?

SIVA

Fungsi Pondasi
Menerima beban dari
bangunan atas (upper
structures) , memikul,
melimpahkan & meratakan
ke lapisan tanah di
bawahnya.

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Dense Sand

Soft Clay

Dense Sand
SIVA

Copyright 2001

Leaning Tower of Pisa

Kesalahan menjadi monumen!

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Copyright 2001

Limit States

Serviceability

Ultimate
5

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Copyright 2001

Foundation Failure

Rotational Failure

Soil Heave
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Copyright 2001

Force

Resistance
6

Kriteria Perencanaan
(Design Criteria)
1.

2.

3.

Daya dukung ijin tegangan yang

terjadi
atau angka keamanan
terhadap keruntuhan geser cukup
Penurunan yang terjadi ( total and
differential settlement) masih dalam
batas yang diijinkan
Aman terhadap pengaruh luar
misalnya penggerusan, dll

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Tujuan Penyelidikan Tanah

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

7.

Menentukan jenis dan kedalaman pondasi

Mengevaluasi beban - daya dukung pondasi
Memperkirakan penurunan
Menetukan potential problem misal : tanah
ekspansif, tanah mudah longsor, (collapsible
soil) dll.
Memperkirakan air tanah
Memperkirakan tekanan tanah lateral misal :
untuk dinding penahan tanah
Menentukan cara pelaksanaan ( construction
method )
8

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Penyelidikan Tanah untuk Pondasi

Geo-Laboratory
~ for testing

soil properties

Design Office
~ for design & analysis

construction site
9

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Pengujian Tanah (Soil Testing)

CONE PENETRATION TEST

(CPT / SONDIR)
STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST (SPT)
PLATE BEARING TEST
FIELD VANE SHEAR TEST
DLL.
10

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Sifat Tanah
Sifat fisik (physical properties)

1.







Ukuran butir
Liquid limt & plastic limit ( batas atterberg)
Kadar air
Unit Weight ( ), Specific Gravity Gs
Dll.

Sifat mekanis (mechanical properties)  parameter kuat

geser c, .

2.






Unconfined compression test (uji kuat tekan bebas)

Direct shear test (uji geser langsung)
Triaxial compression test (uji tekan 3 sumbu)
Vane shear test

Sifat kemampatan (compressibility characteristics)

3.

Uji konsolidasi (oedometer test)

Sifat hidrolis (hydraulics properties)

4.

Uji permeabilitas (constant head & falling head)

11

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Pengujian Tanah

Pengujian sample tanah di Laboratorium

12

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Pengujian Tanah

Pengujian sample tanah di Laboratorium

13

SIVA

Copyright 2001

SPT: Automatic Trip

Hammer

14

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Field Drilling and Sampling

Air or Mud
Rotary Drilling

15

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Angle Drilling

Assess geologic features

(dip, strike, joints, etc.)

Foundation testing for

bridge abutments.

16

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Confined Access/ Interior Drilling

Limited Access
Drill Rigs are
small in size, but
have the torque of
many full size truck
rigs.
Capability, boring
depths, size, etc.
vary
Esp. useful for
remedial sampling
17

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Offshore Drilling/ Barge Rig

4Exploration for
abutments,
bridges,
docks, etc.

18

SIVA

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Drilling: Continuous Flight Auger

19

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Copyright 2001

Drilling & Sampling

Hollow Stem Auger

Casing with outer spiral
 Inner rod with plug/or pilot
assembly
 For sampling, remove pilot
assembly and insert sampler
 Typically 5ft sections, keyed,
box & pin connections
 Maximum depth 60-150ft


20

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Copyright 2001

Drilling & Sampling

Hollow Stem Auger

21

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Boring Locations

22

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23

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Copyright 2001

Profil Tanah

24

SIVA

Copyright 2001

KEDALAMAN BOR
JUMLAH TINGKAT/LANTAI
LEBAR BANGUNAN
1

16

KEDALAMAN BOR
(m)
(m)
30,5

3,4

6,1

10,1

16,2

24,1

61

3,7

6,7

12,5

20,7

32,9

122

3,7

13,7

24,7

41,5

UNTUK BANGUNAN RUMAH SAKIT DAN PERKANTORAN, SOWERS AND SOWERS

(1970) MENGUSULKAN :
Db = 3 S0,7
UNTUK BANGUNAN BAJA RINGAN DAN BETON SEMPIT
Db = 6 S0,7 UNTUK BANGUNAN BAJA BERAT DAN BETON LEBAR
DIMANA :
Db = KEDALAMAN BOR ( m )
S = JUMLAH TINGKAT/ LANTAI
25

SIVA

Copyright 2001

JARAK LOBANG BOR

JENIS PROYEK

JARAK
(m)

BANGUNAN TINGKAT

10 - 30

BANGUNAN INDUSTRI 1 LANTAI

20 - 60

JALAN RAYA

250 - 500

PERUMAHAN

250 - 500

BENDUNGAN DAN TANGGUL

40 - 80

26

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Copyright 2001

Kedalaman & Jarak Bor

27

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Copyright 2001

PROFIL TANAH

28

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Copyright 2001

Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

29

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Copyright 2001

Standard Split Spoon Sampler

 Thick wall (0.25in) cylinder

 Sampling tube is split along the length
 Hammered into the ground
30

SIVA

Copyright 2001

SPT Correction Factors

N 60

E m C BCS C R N
=
0.60

hammer efficiency (Em) . Table 4.3

bore hole diameter (CB).Table 4.4.
sampler correction (CS) Table 4.4
rod length (CR) Table 4.4

31

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Cone Penetrometer

32

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33

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CPT Truck

34

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Copyright 2001

Crawler Type CPT Truck

35

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Copyright 2001

Typical CPT Data

36

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Copyright 2001

Texas Cone Penetrometer

Design Charts

37

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Copyright 2001

Hubungan Konsistensi Lempung-Nilai

SPT N
KUAT TEKAN BEBAS

KONSISTENSI

0-2

SANGAT LUNAK

0-25

2-5

LUNAK

25-50

5-10

SEDANG

50-100

10-20

KAKU (STIFF)

100-200

20-30

SANGAT KAKU

200-400

>30

KERAS (HARD)

>400

qu (kN/m2)

38

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Hubungan N - Kepadatan Relatif, -

Tanah Pasir.

KEPADATAN RELATIF
N

(o)

Dr (%)
0-5

0-5

26-30

5-10

5-30

28-35

10-30

30-60

35-42

30-50

60-95

38-46
39

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Hubungan Nilai N -

40

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Hubungan Penyelidikan Tanah-Biaya

41

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Laporan Penyelidikan Tanah

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
SIVA

Skope penyelidikan
Deskripsi rencana bangunan
Deskripsi lokasi
Keadaan geologi
Detail eksplorasi lapangan (jumlah,
kedalaman , jenis boring)
Deskripsi lapisan tanah
Kondisi muka air tanah
Rekomendasi pondasi
Kesimpulan dan batasan penyelidikan
tanah.

Copyright 2001

42

Lampiran

Peta lokasi
Denah lokasi boring
Boring log
Hasil uji laboratorium
Grafik lain yang perlu

43

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Rekomendasi Pondasi

44

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Denah Lobang Bor

45

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Profil Tanah

46

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Belajar

Jangan tunggu sampai menit terakhir.

47

SIVA

Copyright 2001

Exams

My mama always said, Exam is like a box

of chocolates; you never know what you
are gonna get

48

SIVA

Copyright 2001