WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES

CABANATUAN CITY

COLLEGE
OF
NURSING
ANGIOPLASTY
VS.

BYPASS
SURGERY
ANATOMY
AND
PHYSIOLOGY
ANGIOPLASTY
•Percutaneous coronary
intervention (PCI). or
•Percutaneous Transluminal
Coronary Angioplasty
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Cardiac catheterization
 Why It Is Done

•Frequent or severe chest pain

(angina) that is not responding to
medication.
•Evidence of severely reduced blood
flow (ischemia) to an area of heart
muscle caused by one or more
narrowed coronary arteries.
•An artery that is likely to be treated
successfully with angioplasty
whether or not stenting is also used.
•You are in good enough health to
undergo the procedure
 STENTS
A small, expandable wire tube is
often permanently inserted into the
artery during angioplasty.
•Balloon angioplasty
Stenting should:
•Open up the artery and press the
plaque against the artery's walls,
thereby improving blood flow.
•Keep the artery open after the
balloon is deflated and removed.
•Seal any tears in the artery wall.
•Prevent the artery wall from
collapsing or closing off again
(restenosis).
•Prevent small pieces of plaque from
breaking off, which might cause a
heart attack.
Coronary angioplasty: Blockage in a
coronary artery
Coronary angioplasty: Step 1
Coronary angioplasty: Step 2
Coronary angioplasty: Step 3
Coronary angioplasty: Final
 How Well It Works
Angioplasty relieves chest pain
and improves blood flow to the
heart. If restenosis occurs,
another angioplasty or bypass
surgery may be needed.
 Stents:

•Coated stents
•Intracoronary radiotherapy
•Rotational atherectomy
 RISKS:

•Bleeding at the puncture site.

•Sudden closure of the artery.
•Heart attack.
•Need for additional procedures. Angioplasty
may increase the risk of needing urgent bypass
surgery. In addition, the repaired artery can
renarrow (restenosis) and a repeat angioplasty
may need to be performed.
•Reclosure of the grafted blood vessel
(restenosis).
•Death. The risk of death is higher when
more than one artery is involved.
BYPASS
CABG- coronary artery bypass
graft
-To improve the blood flow to
the myocardial tissue
 How is coronary bypass done?

Surgeons take a segment of a healthy blood

vessel from another part of the body and
make a detour around the blocked part of the
coronary artery.

•An artery may be detached from the chest

wall and the open end attached to the
coronary artery below the blocked area.
 •A piece of a long vein in your leg may be
taken. One end is sewn onto the large artery
leaving your heart -- the aorta. The other end
of the vein is attached or "grafted" to the
coronary artery below the blocked area.
•Either way, blood can use this new path to flow
freely to the heart muscle.
NURSING CARE:
•PRE-OP CARE
•INTRA-OP CARE
•POST-OP CARE