This appendix presents brief descriptions of al blocks in the ‘useful blocks may be foun Aduitior Block Reference nd in the Simulink Extras block library a block libraries associated with toolboxes. A.1 CONTINUOUS BLOCK LIBRARY “Block Teon te} Compute the time rate of change of the input. Compute the time integral of the input signal. Model a linear time-invariant multiple-input, multiple-output sys- ‘tem or subsystem using state-space notation. Implement a continuous transfer function. he input delayed by aspecified Simulate a variable time delay. ‘The frst input is the signal to be delayed, The second input is the length of the delay. Thus, the length of the delay can change during a simulation. Implement a continuous transfer function using zero-pole notation. Section A2 — Discontinuities Block Libr A.2_ DISCONTINUITIES BLOCK LIBRARY ‘TABLE A2: Discontinuities Block Library Block leon Purpose [Ap Wnplementabacieh nontineniy. 7; LZ} Implement a simple model of Coulomb ana viscous ret iB Model a dead zone, which is a region in which the oul ‘The upper and lower limits of the dead zone are 6 nesi7iee parameters. If the input is below the dead zone, the oul input minus the lower limit, nd if the input is above the output is the input minus the upper limit. Compare input Signal to a preset value. Output a AY except during the step the signal passes through the Gig temains atthe preset value after reaching it A Model an analog to digital conve z qua terval, which i a block configuration p A Limit the rate of change of the output signal. When ia changing, the rate of change of the output will be th rate of change of the input, as long.as the rate of change: is less than a setable limit, Ifthe rate of change of the the limit, the rate of change of the output will be the Sif imi. 7 ‘Simulate a relay. ‘The output is one of two specified d ‘depending on the value of the input. Implement a ssturation nonlinearity. The upper a the output signal are configuration parameters. If input signal is between the limits, the value of the same as the value of the input,350 Appendix A Block Reference Section A — Lookup Tables Block Ui DISCRETE BLOCK LIBRARY A4 LOOKUP TABLES BLOCK LIBRARY TABLE A3: Discrete Block Library Purpose Implement a discrete transfer function using the nota- tion (polynomials of :) frequently associated with control systems. ‘Model a discrete transfer function using zero-pole notation. Implement a discrete transfer function using the nota- tion (polynomials of =~") frequently associated with digital filtering. Model a linear time-invariant multiple-input, multiple- ‘output discrete system using state-space notation, Compute a discrete approximation to a continuous inte~ sgrator. Provide @ piecewise linear approximation of the block input. At an offset time 4 since the last sample [x(A)) the ouput is (8) + fx) — x(k — 1) where Tis the sample period. uiput the value of the block input at the beginning of the previous time step. Note that with variable-step size solvers, the duration of the delay will vary as the simulation progresses. If a constant memory delay is needed, use a ‘Transport Delay block. ‘Ourput the input signal delayed by one sample time, ‘Output the input at the most recent sample time. TABLE A4: Lookup Tables Block Library "| Purpene Perform table lookup, Work with the Prelookup Index Search Block dimensional interpolation. Linearly interpolate in a one-dimensional table with at both ends, Map two inputs to a single output. Map n inputs to a single output, Find the index of the value of the input signal ina “This block ean produce appropriate input for (nD) Using Prelookup block.352 Appendix. A Block Reference AS MATH OPERATIONS BLOCK LIBRARY TABLE AS: Math Operations Block Library Block Icon Purpose ‘Compute the absolute value of cach component of the input signal, which may be scalar or vector. Enable a Simulink model to solve algebraic equations. ‘The model must be configured such that the input to the Algebraic Constraint block is dependent upon the value of the output. A model containing an Algebraic Constraint ‘block will attempt to adjust the value of the block output such that the value of the block input is 0. Assign values to selected elements of the input signal. ‘Perform bitwise logical operations (AND, OR, XOR, ete.) ‘on integer input signal with a specified operand. ‘Look up the elements of the input vector in a truth table Accept a complex input signal. Output can be configured as the phase angle, magnitude, or both. Accept a complex input signal. Output can be configured a the real part, the imaginary part, or both. Accept two vector signals of the same dimension, The ‘output is the dot product of the current input vectors. ‘Multiply the block input by a constant. The Gain block will ‘work with scalar or vector signals, and the value of gain may be a scalar or vector compatible with the input signal, Implement a number of logical operations such as AND and OR. Section AS Math Operations Block ti ‘TABLE A.S: Math Operations Block Library (Cont) Block leon Purpose ‘Accept magnitude. phase angle. or both as input ‘corresponding complex signal. esas a Perform a variety of mathematical functions such ic Jog, and square root. Coneatenate matrix signals. : > Multiply the block input veetor by a compati6l] The input vector is treated as a column vector, TY fg the gain matrix must have the same number of, as there are elements in the input vector. The fil) outputs is the same as the number of rows if matrix, which does not have to be square. { = ‘Compute the minimum or maximum value of block inputs. The number of input ports can be a block dialog box. { Implement MATLAB function polyval. Gh ‘The Product block can be configured with inputs. If there is one input, the output is the elements of the input vector. If there are mult the output isthe element-by-clement product of at each input port. ‘Accept real and imaginary components and out signal. ek ge vee tome Implement a number of relational opera than or equal. greater than, etc. ‘Change the dimensions of the input matrix. ment MATLAB function reshape.354 Appendix A Block Reference ‘TABLE A: Math Operations Block Library (Cont) TBlosk leon Purpose Perform a variely of rounding operations including round, round up (€642), round down (f200r), and round to the nearest integer toward zero (Fix). Implement the signum nonlinearity. ‘The output is 1 i input is positive, 0 if the input is 0, and —1 if the input is, negative. Allow the user to set a gain using a slider control. Ope slider control by double-clicking the block, The slider ean ‘be moved during a simulation, thus providing a variable input device. Q Compute the algebraiesum ofthe block inputs. The number of inputs and the sign applied to each input can be set in the block dialog box. & Implement standard trigonometric functions such as sine and cosine AG PORTS & SUBSYSTEMS BLOCK LIBRARY TABLE A: Ports & Subyystems Block Library Block leon Purpose Place ina block library to produce a cor block. Tae fe sah Template for atomie subsystem. in| Convert a subsystem into an enabled subsystem. —= ; ‘Template-cnabled subsystem. sie Section A.6 Ports & Subsystems Bloc Ports & Subsystems Block Library (Cont) Purpose ¥ ‘Template-enabled and triggered subsystem, int on Taattta Angered Sten ‘Template subsystem with For Iterator block, Fee eior Subsystem | Co} Execute a function call subsystem, 7 reese | ‘Template subsystem with winger Bock conti _ Tamer aro An If block controls one or more If Action §) . a +} . : am ‘Conditional subsystem executed — Create an input for a subsystem. An Inport ‘be used to reecive an external input (for sim command) to a model. Ei Create an output port for a subsystem, J ‘ean also be used to produce mode! ‘example, by the linearizati ori com @ ae mp “Template subsystem. = cxtup A Switch Case block is the decisi controls Switch Case Action subsystems,356 Appendix A TABLE AS: Ports & Subsystems Block Libra Block leon ip [4] Block Reference (Cont) Purpose Used in conjunction with Switch Case block. Each Switch Case output controls one Switch Case subsystem. Convert asubsystem intoa triggered subsystem. Convert an ‘enabled subsystem into a trigger when enabled subsystem, 7 Template triggered subsystem, >is om Tare semen f= ‘Template subsystem containing a While Iterator block, ite -1 0 a | SIGNAL ATTRIBUTES BLOCK LIBRARY TABLE A7: Signal Attributes Block Library Block leon Purpose Ls Convert input signal to a specified data type. Danipe Comer pain Set the initial condition of its output to a specified value. After = the simulation begins. the block output isthe same as its input This block is useful in algebraic loops, ay it can provide an initial guess to the algebraic loop solver for the first time step. Display a variety of useful information about the block input Synchronizes transfer of data from block of one data rate toa block of different data rate. Implements crror checking on input signal. If no errors are found, the signal is transmitted to the output unchanged. If an efor is found, the simulation is forced to stop. Ceitout the auimbar of alamante io the innwt wactae Thi if As Section A.B Signal Routing Block Library ‘SIGNAL ROUTING BLOCK LIBRARY Block Toon } TABLE A.8: Signal Routing Block Library Purpose FI Groups multiple signa lines into a single data bus. Create a new signal containing a specified subset of the ‘of a data bus produced using a Mux block or Bus Creator! A Data Store Memory is a named memory location Data Store Write blocks and read from by Data Store A simulation can save data in a Data Store Memory. that data later. Output the current value of the contents of the: Store, Write to a specified Data Store Memory block. More than Store Write block can write to a particular Data Store but if two of more Data Store Write blocks attempt to same Data Store Memory on the same simulation step, the are unpredictable. Split vector input signal into a configurable number output signals A From block works with a Goto block. The output of a is the same as the input to the corresponding Goto block. ‘block can receive input from only one Goto block, but a can send a signal to any number of From blocks. ‘Send the block input to all corresponding From blocks. The Goto Tag Visibility determines which subsystems From blocks corresponding to a particular Goto block, ‘Switch between the (wo inputs when the block is.chr 358 Appendix A Block Reference TABLE AB: Si “Block con Purpose __ Fon} Ouiputisthe most cently updated vac of inputs Most ommmaly AP driven by subsystems that execute alternately, fa Accept a specified number of inputs. A control signal determines EDP whlch inputs passed to the output. “ Combines a configurable numberof scalar input signals to produce & Vector output signal. Accept a vector input, and proxtuce a vector output that consists of selected elements of the input vector in a selected order, Switch between two input signals based on the value of a control signal, -9 SINKS BLOCK LIBRARY Display the current value of the input signal, Display scalar or vector signals in a method analogous to an oxilloscope. A Floating Scope r its input signal from any signal line selected during model execution, Create an output port for a subsystem. An Outport block can also be used to produce model outputs, to be used, for ‘example, by the linearization or trim commands, Display scalar or vector signals in a method analogous to an oxcillowope, ‘Cause the simulation to stop when the input signal is nonzero, Section A10 Sources Block Liby TABLE A: Sinks Block Library (Cont) “Block Keon Purpose Connect unused block outputs to Terminator blocks! Simulink from producing error messages. For exai use a Demux block to split a vector signal but only tse one component ofthe vector signal, connect the ouiput ports of the Demux block to Terminator Save the input signal to a file in MATLAB.mat signal may be sealar oF vector. Store the input signal in a MATLAB matrix MATLAB workspace after the simulation stops. may be scalar or vector. JT] Proxtuce a graph using two scalar inputs. The signal XO | the top pat port ste Independencia ome the signal connected to the lower input port is the arial € (y-axis), AAO SOURCES BLOCK LIBRARY TABLE A.10: Sources Block Library Purpose Generate a signal containing band-limited white nole ol Power specral dcmsity (PSD), ry ‘Generate a sinusoidal signal of continuously increasing | Generate a signal consisting of the current sim : Generate a constant value. The constant can be a ‘Generate a signal consisting ofthe current simulation Dyscne, — Alstspeciied period. Equivalent toa combination of a sand Zoran Werte “360 Appendix A — wlock Kererence (A117 USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS BLOCK LIBRARY TABLE A.10: Sources Block Library (Cont) = TABLE A.11: User-Defined Functions Block Library “Generate a signal by interpolating in a table defined by variables in Purpose 79 the MATLAB workspace. — - {mo} Sete Tunction using a C language syntax, Generate a signal by interpolating ina MATLAB matrix stored in 7 accep vecorinpat bul producesa salar niet file, perform matrix: however, 3 is ; Fen block, and is therefore preferable when matrix Connect Ground blocks to unused inputs to prevent Simulink from Seadedl producing error messages. For example, if a State ‘Space block is used to model the unforced behavior of a system, connect a Ground Implement a function using MATLAB syntax. It block to its input port: Pez} inputs and produce vector outputs. Create an input for a subsystem. An Inport block can also be used bres to receive an external input (for example, using the sim command) : tea block written in MATLAB or C. scan! eS = Generate a rectangular wave. Configuration parameters are period, eae amplitude, duty cycle, and start time. TS) Open a graphical mer interface that helps CS-Funetions. Generate a signal for which the time derivative is a constant, Generate a signal containing normally distributed random numbers. Generate an arbitrary periodic signal. The signal is defined by a table of time points and amplitudes. (Sree) 6 rile] Generate a periodic signal (sine wave, square wave, or sawtooth. wave) or random noise. Configuration parameters are signal ampli- tude and frequency. Produce a signal defined by using a graphical user interface. Double- click the block to open a graphical signal editor. it Generate a sine wave. Amplitude, phase, and frequency can be set. Generate a step function. Configuration parameters are step time, initial value, and final value. Generate a signal containing uniformly distributed random num- bers.