Transformasi Z

Transformasi Z (satu sisi) didefinisikan sbb

X ( z ) Z ( x[n]) x[n]z n
n 0

Di mana |z| adalah sedemikian sehingga deret 0oox[n]z-n konvergens

Pernyataan Transformasi Z

x[n] Z ( x[n])

Z 1 Z ( x[n]) Z x[n]

Sebelah kanan disebut Transformasi Z

Sebelah kiri disebut Transformasi Z invers

Transformasi Z
Deret Taylor
Jika f(z) analitik di dalam kurva tertutup C dan a adalah
titik di dalam C
f ( z ) f (a ) ( z a) f ' (a ) ( z a ) 2

f ( z) z a
n 0

f ( n ) (a )
n!

Deret Mac Laurin

Jika a adalah titik nol

f ( n ) (0)
f ( z) z
n!
n 0
n

f ' ' (a)

...
2!

Transformasi Z
Beberapa deret terkenal

1
2
3
4
1 x x x x ... ( x) n ,
1 x
n 0

1
2
3
4
1 x x x x ... x n ,
1 x
n 0

x 1

x 1

e 1 x 12 x 31! x 41! x ... n1! x n ,

x

n 0

2n
x
Cos x 1 12 x 41! x ... (1)
(2n)!
n 0
2

2 n 1
x
Sin x x 31! x 51! x ... (1)
(2n 1)!
n 0
3

Transformasi Z
Contoh
x[n]=1.u[n]

X ( z ) 1.z

Contoh
x[n]=0.5n
1

1 z z

...

n 0

1
1
X ( z)
z
1 atau
1
1 z
z
X ( z)
z 1
z 1

X ( z ) 0.5n z n 1 0.5 z 1 0.25 z 2 ...

n0

1
0.5 z 1 1 atau
1
1 0.5 z
z
X ( z)
z 0.5
z 0.5
X ( z)

Transformasi Z
Diferensial deret:

z
a n z n
z a n 0
d z
d
1

z z a 1z ( z a ) 2 (1)
da z a dz

d z
z
n 1 n
n 1

na
z

x
[
n
]

na

da z a ( z a ) 2 n 0

d
z
2z
n2 n
n2

n
(
n

1
)
a
z

x
[
n
]

n
(
n

1
)
a

da ( z a ) 2 ( z a ) 3 n 0

Transformasi Z
Cari Transformasi Z dari: x[n] = n2

2z
n2 n

n
(
n

1
)
a
z

3
( z a)
n 0

2z
n

n
(
n

1
)
z

( z 1) 3 n 0

n(n 1) n 2 n
n 2 n(n 1) n

Z n 2 Z [n(n 1)] Z [n]

2
2
z
z
z
z
Z [n 2 ]

( z 1) 3 ( z 1) 2 ( z 1)3

Transformasi Z
Untuk setiap p integer (1 <= p < n)

(n) p 1 a

n ( p 1)

( p 1)! z

p
( z a)

Transformasi Z
z
a
z a
za
(n) 1 semua z
n

1
na

z
z 1

n 1

z 1

( z a) 2

n(n 1)a

n2

z a

2z

( z a)3

n(n 1)(n 2)a n 3

z a

6z
( z a) 4

z a

Transformasi Z
z2 z
n
( z 1) 3
....
3
n
( z 1) 4
2

n p 1a

n ( p 1)

z 1
z 1

( p 1)! z

( z a) p

z a

e jnw ....
z 2 z Cos w
Cos nw
( z 1w)( z 1 w)
z Sin w
Sin nw
( z 1w)( z 1 w)

Sifat Transformasi Z
a n x[n] X az
x[n k ] u[n k ] z k X ( z )
k

x[n k ]u[n] z X ( z ) z k p x[ p ]
k

p 1

x[n]u[n] * y[n]u[n]

x
[
k
]
y
[
n

k
]

u[n] X ( z )Y ( z )
0

Transformasi Z
Contoh
y[n] 0.6 y[n 1] 2 n
y[1] 3
Y ( z ) 0.6 z 1Y ( z ) 3
z 2 1.8 z ( z 2)
Y ( z)
( z 2)(2 0.6)

z
z2

Transformasi Z
Contoh
z
u[n]
z 1
1
z
z 1
u[n 1]
z 1
z 1
1
5 z
n 5

2
)
u[n 5]
4
z ( z 2)
z2

Z x[n] * y[n]
n
x
[
k
]
y
[
n

k
]
z

n 0 k 0

x[k ]
k 0

n
y
[
n

k
]
z

x[k ]
k 0

pk
y
[
p
]
z
,

n 0

n 0

x[k ]z

k 0

X ( z )Y ( z )

n 0

p nk

y[ p]z p

Transformasi Z
Cari x[n] dari

(0.6) n u[n] 3.33(0.6) n u[ n 1]

z2
X ( z)
z 0 .6
Jawab
z2
z 0.6
z2
z 0.6
z2
z 0.6
z2
z 0.6

( 0.6) n u[n] 1(0.6) n u[n 1]

2.33( 0.6) n u[ n 1]

( 0.6) n u[ n] u[n 1]

z
2

z 0.6 z 0.6

( 0.6) u[n] 2(0.6)

n

2.33( 0.6) n u[ n 1]
n 1

u[n 1]

[ n] 2.33( 0.6) n u[ n 1]

( 0.6) n u[n] 2(0.6) n (0.6) 1 u[n 1]

( 0.6) n u[n] 3.33(0.6) n u[n 1]

Transformasi Z
X(z) berbentuk

N ( z ) bm z m bm 1 z m 1 .. b1 z
X ( z)

D( z )
an z n an 1 z n 1 .. a0
Jika m=n, maka X(z) dibawa ke bentuk
X ( z ) bm z m 1 bm 1 z m 2 .. b1

z
an z n an 1 z n 1 .. a0
X ( z)
A1
A2

...
z
( z a1 ) ( z a2 )
A1 z
A2 z
X ( z)

...
( z a1 ) ( z a2 )

Transformasi Z
Penyelesaian menjadi
Ak z
Ak (ak ) n u[n]
( z ak )
Ak z
n 1

A
n
(
a
)
u[n]
k
k
2
( z ak )
( n) p
Ak z
n p

A
(
a
)
u[n]
k
k
p 1
( z ak )
p!
(n) p n(n 1)(n 2)..(n p 2)

Transformasi Z
Cari x[n] dari

z 2 4z
X ( z)
( z 0.5)( z 1)
Jawab
z 2 4z
A1 z
Az

2
( z 0.5)( z 1) z 0.5 z 1
X ( z)
A1
A

2
z
z 0.5 z 1
z4
2.33 3.33

( z 0.5)( z 1) z 0.5 z 1
z 2 4z
2.33z 3.33 z

( z 0.5)( z 1) z 0.5
z 1
x[n] 2.33(0.5) n u[n] 3.33u[n]

Transformasi Z
Jika m<n, maka X(z) dibawa ke bentuk
A1
A2
X ( z)

...
( z a1 ) ( z a2 )

Penyelesaian

Ak
Ak (ak ) n 1 u[n 1]
( z ak )
Ak1
Ak (ak ) n 1 u[n 1]
( z ak )
Ak 2
n2

A
(
n

1
)(
a
)
u[n 1]
k
2
k
2
( z ak )
Akp
( z ak ) p

Akp

(n) p 1
( p 1)!

(ak ) n p u[n 1]

Transformasi Z
Cari x[n] dari
z 2 2z
X ( z)
( z 1)( z 0.5) 2
Jawab
z 2 2z
A1
A21
A22

( z 1)( z 0.5) 2 z 1 z 0.5 ( z 0.5) 2

z 2 2z
A1
( z 0.5) 2

s 1

d z 2 2z
A21
dz ( z 1)
z 2 2z
A22
( z 1)

1
0.44
2.25

0.44 1.44
0.83
X ( z)

z 1 z 0.5 ( z 0.5) 2

1.44

x[n] 0.44(1) n 1 u[n 1]

s 0.5

s 0.5

1.25
0.83
1.5

1.44(0.5) n 1 u[n 1]
0.83(n 1)(0.5) n 2 u[n 1]

Transformasi Z
Carilah persamaan y[n], jika diketahui
y[n]-y[n-1]+0.25y[n-2] = 2n , dan y [-1] = 2, y[-2] = 1
y[n] Y ( z )
y[n 1] z 1Y ( z ) y[1]
y[n 2] z 2Y ( z ) z 1 y[1] y[2]
z
2n
z2
sehingga
z
Y ( z ) z Y ( z ) 2 0.25 z Y ( z ) z 2 1
z2
1

Transformasi Z

z
1 z 0.25 z Y ( z )
2 0.5 z 1 0.25
z2
z 1.75( z 2) 0.5 z 1 ( z 2)
1
2
1 z 0.25 z Y ( z )
z2
1
z

1
.
75
(
z

2
)

0
.
5
z
( z 2)
z 2 z 0.25 z 2Y ( z )
z2
Y ( z ) z 2 (1.75 z 0.5)( z 2)

z
( z 2) z 2 z 0.25
Y ( z)
A1
A21
A22

z
( z 2) ( z 0.5) ( z 0.5) 2
Y ( z)
1.78
0.98
0.21

z
( z 2) ( z 0.5) ( z 0.5) 2
1

y[n] 1.78(2) n u[n] 0.98(0.5) n u[n] 0.21(0.5) n 1 u[n 1]

Transformasi Z

a.
b.
c.
d.

Diketahui
y[n] 0.5 y[n-1] = x[n]
Cari Fungsi Sistem H(z)
Cari Tanggapan pulse h[n]
Cari zero state response jika x[n] = u[n]
Cari tanggapan lengkap jika x[n] = u[n] dan y[-1]=2

Transformasi Z
a. Fungsi Sistem H(z)

y[n] 0.5 y[n 1] x[n]

Y ( z ) 0.5 z 1Y ( z ) X ( z )

1 0.5z Y ( z ) X ( z )
1

H ( z)

Y ( z)
1
z

X ( z ) 1 0.5 z 1 z 0.5

b. Tanggapan pulsa h[n]

0
.
5

h[n] Z 1 H ( z ) Z 1
h[n] 0.5n u[n]

Transformasi Z
c. Zero state response

1 0.5z Y ( z) X ( z)
1 0.5z Y ( z ) z z 1
1
1

z
z
( z 1) ( z 0.5)
Y ( z)
z
2
1

z
( z 1)( z 0.5) z 1 z 0.5
2z
1z
Y ( z)

z 1 z 0.5
y[n] 2 0.5n u[n]
Y ( z)

Transformasi Z
d. x[n] = u[n] dan y[-1] = 2
y[n] 0.5 y[n 1] u[n]

Y ( z ) 0.5 z 1Y ( z ) y[1]

z
z 1

1 0.5z Y ( z ) 0.5 2 z z 1
1

1 0.5z Y ( z ) z z 1 1
1

1 0.5z Y ( z ) 2zz11
1

Y ( z)

2z 1
( z 1) 1 0.5 z 1

(2 z 1) z
( z 1) z 0.5
Y ( z)
(2 z 1)
A1
A2

z
( z 1) z 0.5 ( z 1) ( z 0.5)

Y ( z)

A1

2z 1
2
z 0.5 z 1

A2

2z 1
0
z 1 z 0.5

2z
( z 1)
y[n] 2u[n]

Y ( z)