sXfn-sh-Sp∏pw am[-ya hnNm-c-Wbpw; ]ns∂ tImSXn hn[n-bpw-..

AU-z. sjdn sP tXmakv sherryjthomas@gmail.com

1972 sabv amkw 7 \v Xr»qcn¬ \S∂ s]mXp ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ tIc-f-Ønse Hcp

(h-Ip∏v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√) a{¥n-bpsS {]kwKw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p-hs{X ˛
“F\n-s°-Xnsc tX°n≥Im-´n¬ ]nd∂ Nne X¥-bn-√mØ Pmc k¥-Xn-Ifpw
Hcp DS™ kwL-S-\-bpsS {]kn-U‚pw Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®n-´p-- v. Ch-sc-bm∂pw
Rm≥ shdpsX hnSm≥ t]mIp-∂n√.....”.˛ ]ns‰ Znhkw sshIo´v Xr»q¿ hmcnbw
sebn\n-eqsS \S-∂p-\o-ßnb hy-‡n-°-cp-In¬ Hcp Aºm-kn-U¿ Im¿ h∂p
\n¿Øn. c- p-t]¿ ss{Iw {_m©v DtZym-K-ÿ-sc∂v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn, t]meokv
kq{]-- n\v Xm¶sf I- v Ft¥m kwkm-cn-°m-\p-s- ∂pw DSs\ Xs∂ Imdn¬
XncnsI sIm- m-°m-sa∂pw DtZ-ym-K-ÿ¿ ]d-™p. ]nSn-°-s∏´ Bƒ Hcp hmcn-
I-bpsS ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ hmcn-I-bn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® IØns‚ Hdn-
Pn-\¬ Fhn-sS-sb∂v t]meokv kq{]- v tNmZn-®p. ]d-bm≥ ]‰n-s√∂p adp-]Sn
]d-™-t∏mƒ BcpsS ssIøn-se-s∂-¶nepw ]d-bm≥ ]d-™p. AXpw ]d-bm≥
]‰n-s√∂ Abm-fp-sS adp-]Sn tI´v t]meokv kq{]- v ]d-™p-hs{X ˛ “t\m°q
Ct∏mƒ \n߃ Rß-fpsS IÃ-Un-bn-em-Wv; C°m-cyw temI-Øm¿°pw Adn-bn-
√. t]meokv k¿P≥ t]mÃvtam¿´w sNøp-tºmƒ Hcp Bfl-l-Xy IqSn IW-
°n¬ hcpw”˛ t]meokv kq{]-- ns‚ Cu {]kvXm-h\ Abmsf sR´n-®p.
IØns‚ A -en-\mbn ]e ÿeØØpw ]n∂oSv sIm- p-t]m-bn. IÆq-cn¬
\n∂p XpS-ßnb a¿±\w Xr»q¿ t]meokv Ivf_v hsc \o- p-h-s{X. a¿±-\-Øn¬
Abm-fpsS ap≥hcn ]√p-Iƒ cs- Æw sImgn-™p-ho-Wp. a‰p-≈h Cf-In-bm-Sn.
a¿±-\-ta‰v Ah-i-\mb Abmsf t]meokv Fd-Wm-Ip-f-tØ°v sIm- p-t]m-bn.
sshIp-t∂-c-am-b-t∏mƒ kuØnse AP¥ temUvPn¬ Ggmw XobXn h®v apdn-
sb-Sp-Ø-Xmbn tcJ-bp-- m-°n. ]Ømw XobXn apdn-sb-Sp-Ø-h¿°v Xmsg-bmbn
Ggmw XobXn Hcp F≥{Sn cPn-ÿ sNbvXphs{X.
tIc-f-Øn¬ h¿j-߃°p-apºv \S∂ Hcp tIk-t\-z-j-Whpw sXfn-sh-Sp∏pw
sXfn-hp-- m-°-ep-amWv apI-fn¬ hnh-cn-®-Xv. `mh-\-bn¬ hncn™ kw`-h-a-√,
]oU-\-Øn-\n-c-bmb a\p-j-ym-h-Imi {]h¿Ø-I-≥ \hm_v cmtP-{µ≥ ]pkvI-cq-]-
Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® hcn-I-fm-Wn-h. A∂v CØcw kw`-h-߃ C∂-sØ-
t∏mse shfn-bn¬ sIm- p-h-cm≥ Zri-y-am-[-y-a-ß-fn-√. F∂m¬ C∂v sRmSn-bn-S-
bn¬ hnhcw hmbp-hn¬ ]c-Øm≥ sI¬∏p≈ am[-y-a-kw-L-߃ D- m-bn´pw
tIk-t\-z-j-Whpw sXfn-sh-Sp∏pw sXfn-hp-- m-°epw Ft∏mgpw kwi-- b-Øns‚
ap\-bn-em-Wv. At\-z-jW hnh-c-߃ tImS-Xn-bn-seØptºmƒØs∂ am[-y-a-ß-
fn-epw N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Hcp ]cn[n hscbpw tIk-t\-z-j-W-sØbpw
hnkvXmc thf-bn¬ km£n-I-sf-bpw \ym-bm-[n-]-s\Øs∂bpw kwL¿j-Øn-
em°p∂p F∂Xpw \ntj-[n-°m-\m-In-√. sXfn-hpw sXfn-sh-Sp∏pw Fßs\
thW-sa∂v \nb-a-Øn¬ IrX-y-am-bp-s- -¶nepw sXfn-sh-Sp-∏n-s\m∏w sXfn-hp- m-
°epw C∂pw \S-°p-∂p.
sXfnhpw sXfn-sh-Sp∏pw
1872 se C¥-y≥ sXfnhp \nb-a-amWv \mw ]n¥p-S¿∂p-t]m-cp-∂-Xv. hIp∏v 3 ¬
F¥mWv sXfnhv F∂v hnh-cn-°p-∂p. sXfnhv hmsam-gn-bm-bpw tcJm-aq-ehpw
BImw. At\-z-j-W-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ tIkp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m samgn-Ifpw
sXfn-hn¬ hcmw. tImS-Xn-bn¬ ]cn-tim-[-\-bv°mbn lmP-cm-°p∂ F√m tcJ-
Ifpw samgn-sbm-sSm∏w sXfn-hn¬ kzn-I-cn-°pw. Hcp Ip‰-Ir-Xyw \S-°p-tºmƒ
At\-I¿ AXn\v ZrIvkm-£n-I-fm-sW-¶nepw tImS-Xn-bn¬ km£n-Iƒ sImSp-
°p∂ samgnbpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Ip‰-hmfn in£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ip‰-Ir-X-y-
sØ-Øp-S¿∂v t]meok {Inan-\¬ \S-]-Sn-{]-Imcw At\-z-jWw \S-Øn, km£n-
Isf Is- Øn Ah-cpsS samgn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn, Is- -Sp-°m-\p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ
Is- Øn Ah _¥-h- n-se-SpØv tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-°p-I-bm-Wv coXn.
t]meokv At\-z-jWw \S-Øp-tºmƒ ]d™p tI´-h-cn¬ \n∂pw ImWm-Ø-h-
cn¬ \n∂p-sams° km£n samgn FSp-Øp-sh∂p hcmw. F∂m¬ t]meo-kn\p
sImSp-°p∂ Hcp km£n samgnbpw AXp-t]mse Xs∂ tImS-Xn-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂-
Xn\v t]meo-kn\v km£n-Isf \n¿_-‘n-°m-\mIn-√. k¿°m¿ h°o-en\v
km£n-Isf tIkv ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp°mw F∂-Xn-\-∏p-dØv H∂pw t]meo-kn\v
At\-z-j-W-tijw sNøm\n-√. AXp-sIm-- mWv At\-z-jW Ime-L-´-Øn¬
Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw sXfn-hp-- m-°m≥ t]meokv s\t´m-´-tam-Sp-∂-Xv. {]Xnsb
Is- -Øm≥ sshIn-bm¬ kΩ¿±w thsd. AXp-sI-s- m-Wv ˛F-kv˛ IØn
hnhm-Zhpw a‰pw XIr-Xn-bmbn \S-°p-∂-Xv. tIkn¬ {]Xn-Iƒ kXyw ]d-b-W-sa-
¶n¬ (A-s√-¶n¬ Ip‰w Gs‰-Sp-°-W-sa-¶n¬) ]d apd-Ifpw {]tbm-Kn-t°-- n-h-cp-
sa-∂mWv t]meokv `mjyw.
Aß-s\-bp≈ {]tbm-K-߃°n-S-bn¬ Nne¿ ac-W-s∏-Spw, Nne-t∏mƒ kmc-amb
imco-cnI tcmK-߃ ]nSn-s]-Spw. Ign™ \mep h¿j-߃°n-S-bn¬ Cßs\
\S∂psh∂v Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ac-W-ß-fpsS FÆw ]Xn-s\m-∂m-Wv. (A-
_vZpƒ dkmJv ˛ ]∂n-b-¶c t]meokv tÃj≥, ]c-ta-i-z-c≥ ˛ awKew Umw
t]meokv tÃj≥, {]k-∂≥ ˛ amth-en-°c k_v Pbn¬, B\-µ-cmPv ˛ Xncp-h-\-
¥-]pcw t]meokv tÃj≥, entbm¨cmPv ˛ s]cn-¥¬ aÆ t]meokv tÃj≥,
cmP≥ ˛ tImgn-t°mSv t]meokv tÃj≥, jmP-lm≥ ˛ ]øm\-°¬ t]meokv
tÃj≥, kp[m-I-c≥ ˛ ]mem t]meokv tÃj≥, _m_p ˛ Im´m-°S t]meokv
tÃj≥, s]m∂-∏≥ ˛ Rmd-°¬ t]meokv tÃj≥ ]ns∂ F‰-hpw HSp-hn¬
kºØv ˛ ]me-°mSv t]meokv tÃj-≥.

tImS-Xnbpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw
kp{][m\ tIkp-I-fn-sem-s°bpw k-a-b-_-‘n-X-ambn At\-z-jWw \SØn
dnt∏m¿´v \¬Im≥ tIcf t]meo-kn\v Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc Ign-bm-dp- v F¶nepw
tImS-Xn-bn¬ hnNm-c-W-bvs°m-Sp-hn¬ {]Xn-sb∂v Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ in£n-
°-s∏-Sp-tºm-gmWv At\z-jWw Ip‰-a-‰-am-Ip-∂-Xv. tImS-Xn-bm-Is´ t]meokv
lmP-cm-°p∂ F√m sXfn-hp-Ifpw kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂p-an-√. tIk-t\-z-jWw ]gp-
X-I-fn-√msX \S∂ tIkp-I-fn¬ {]Xn-Iƒ in£n-°-s∏-Sm-\p≈ km[-y-Xƒ IqSp-
X-em-Wv. tIkp-Iƒ hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv, H∂p-In¬ km£n-Iƒ Iqdp-amdn t]meo-
kn\p \¬Inb samgn-bn¬ \n∂pw hy-X-y-kvX-amb samgn tImS-Xn-bn¬ \¬Ip-
tºmƒ, As√-¶n¬ At\-z-j-W-Øn¬ ]mfn-®-I-fp-- m-Ip-tºmƒ ˛ Cu c- p L´-
ØnemWv -tImS-Xn-Iƒ Ahbv°p ap∂n-ep-≈ sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
{]Xn-Isf shdpsX hnSm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-Ip-∂-Xv. CXn\p as‰mcp hi-hp-ap-- v,
IrXra sXfn-hp-I-fp-- m°n {]Xn-]-´n-I-bn¬ tN¿°p-∂h¿°v \oXn e`n-°p-
∂Xpw \nb-a-hmgvN hnP-bn-°p-∂Xpw Cu L´-Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. F¥p Xs∂-
bm-bmepw kwi-b-ß-fn-√mØ coXn-bn¬ Hcmƒ Ip‰w sNbvXp-sh∂v sXfn-bn-
°m≥ tIk-t\-z-j-I¿°v Ign-™m¬ am{Xsa C¥-y≥ tImS-Xn-Iƒ°v {]Xn-sb∂v
Btcm-]n®v ap∂n¬ \n¿Øn-bmsf in£n°m≥ A[n-Im-c-ap-≈q.
tIk-t\-z-j-W-L-´-Øn¬ s]mXp-P-\-Øns‚ IqSn klm-b-ap-- m-bm¬ A{Xbpw
i‡-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ At\-z-jW DtZ-ym-K-ÿ¿°v \nc-Øm-\m-Ipw. Cub-SpØ
Imew hsc tIc-f-Øn¬ I- p-h-∂n-cp∂ Hcp Imcyw t]meokv Un Pn ]n Hcp
k¿°p-e¿ aptJ\ \ntcm-[n-®p; as‰m-∂p-a-√˛ GXp tIkn-em-sW-¶nepw {]Xn-
bmbn Bsc-sb-¶nepw In´n-bm¬, At\z-jWw ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xn\p apºp Xs∂
( At\-z-jWw ]q¿Øn-bm-bmepw tImSXn in£n°m-Øn-S-tØmfw Imew \nc-]-
cm-[n-Iƒ Xs∂) ]nSn® {]Xn-I-sfbpw Iq´n ]nSn-°m≥ t]mb DtZ-ymKÿ¿ am[-y-
a-߃°p ap∂n¬ hm¿Øm cq]-Øn¬ {]X-£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ G¿∏mSv
\n¿Øn-h-bv°m-\mWv Un Pn ]n \n¿t±-in-®-Xv. Cßs\ ]{X-Ønepw Zriy am[-y-a-
ß-fnepw {]Xn-I-fpsS apJw shfn-hm-°p-tºmƒ c- p Imc-y-ß-fmWv sXfn-hns\
tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-°p-∂-Xv. H∂v km£n-Iƒ {]Xnsb Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ sSÃv
sFU‚n-^n-t°-j≥ ]tcUv Bh-i-y-ambn h∂m¬ ]{X-Ønepw am[-y-a-ß-fnepw
Ch¿ t]meo-kn-s\m∏w \n∂ t^mt´m-Iƒ h∂-Xn-\m-¬ If-hmbn Xncn-®-dn-™-
Xm-sW∂v Bt£]w D∂-bn-°mw. c- m-aXv Iq‰w sXfn-bn-°m-\m-ImsX {]Xn-
Iƒ \nc-]-cm-[n-Iƒ F∂p I- v tImSXn hn´-b-®m¬, apºv t]meo-kn-s\m∏w
\n¿Øn Ip‰-hm-fn-sb∂p ap{Z-IpØn {]kn-≤o-I-cn® am[-ya hm¿Ø-I-fn-eqsS
Ah¿°p-- mb am\-lm-\n°v Bcv kam-[m\w ]dbpw?.

Bcv sXfnhv \¬Ipw ? Fßs\ sXfnhv \¬Ipw ?

Ip‰-Ir-X-y-߃ \S∂v DS≥ Xs∂ hfsc hmNm-e-am-bXpw Imc-y-Im-cW kln-X-
hp-amb dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ DS≥ Xs∂ am[-y-a-ß-fn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-°pw. t]meo-kn-\p-
ta¬ kΩ¿±-ta-dp-Ibpw sNøpw. Ip‰-hm-fn-sb∂p t]meokv tImS-Xn-ap-ºm-sIbpw
am[-y-a-߃ apºm-sIbpw ImWn-°p∂ hy-‡n-Iƒ Ip‰w kΩ-Xn-®n-´p-ap-- m-Ipw.
s]mXp-P-\-Øns‚ I¨ap-∂n¬ Ip‰-hmfn Ip‰w G‰p ]d™ hm¿Øbpw
t]meokn\v sXm- n km[-\-߃ Is- SpØp sImSp-ØXpw F√mw IrX-yw.
C\n v tImSXn in£ hn[n-t°-- Xp am{Xw _m°n. ]s£ h¿j-߃°p-tijw
hnkvXmcw Ign-bp-tºmƒ Nne tIkp-I-fn¬ tIƒ°p-∂Xv k¿°m-cn\v tIkv
kwi-bm-kv]-Z-ambn sXfn-bn-°m-\m-Im-Ø-Xn-\m¬ {]Xn-Isf shdpsX hn´p F∂
hm¿Ø-bm-bn-cn-°pw. ChnsS kΩ¿±-Øn-em-Ip-∂Xv tImS-Xn-I-fm-Wv. CØcw
{Inan-\¬ tIkp-I-fn¬ hmZn-°p-th- n tIkv hmZn-t°-- Xv k¿°m-cm-Wv.
k¿°m¿ B{i-bn-°p-∂Xv t]meokv Xøm-dm-°nb At\-z-jW dnt∏m¿´m-Wv.
At\-z-jW kabw {]Xn t]meo-kn\p ap∂n¬ F¥p Ip‰w G‰p ]d-™mepw
AXv tImS-Xn-bn¬ kzo-I-cn-°n√ F∂ hnhcw s]mXp-P\w Ft∏mgpw a\ nem-
°-W-sa-∂n-√. Ip‰-Ir-Xyw \S∂v Znh-k-߃°Iw t]meokv {]Xnsb ]nSn-®p-sh-
¶nepw tImSXn shdpsX hn´-sX-¥p-sIm- v F∂ tNmZyw am{X-amWv P\-Øn\p
ap∂n-ep-≈-Xv. IrXyw \S∂v Znh-k-߃°Iw Xs∂ am[-y-a-ßfpw kz¥w \ne-
bn¬ At\-z-j-Whpw hnNm-c-Wbpw \S-Øptºmƒ AXns‚ kΩ¿±w tIkv
hnkvXmcw tIƒ°p∂ tImS-Xn-Iƒ°pw D- m-Ip-∂p-sh-∂Xpw kzm-`m-hnIw
am{Xw.
sXfnhv FSp-t°-- Xv t]meo-km-sW-¶nepw sXfnhv \¬tI-- Xv ZrIvkm-£n-
Ifpw a‰v km£n-Ifpw Xs∂-bm-Wv. kw`-h-Øns‚ NqSm-dp-∂-Xn\p apºv t]meo-
kn\p \¬Ip∂ sXfnhpam{Xw t]mc, h¿j-߃°p-tijw tImS-Xn-bn¬ tIkv
hnfn-°p-tºmƒ k¿°m¿ h°o-ens‚bSpØp t]mbn tIkv ]Tn®v t]meo-kn\p
ap∂n¬ ]d-™-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ tImS-Xn-bnepw ]d-b-Ww. AXn¬ hy-X-ymkw
hcp-tºmƒ {]Xn-`mKw AXns‚ KpW-^-e-߃ A\p-`-hn°pw ^e-Øn¬ sXfn-
hns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ {]Xnsb shdpsX hnSm≥ tImSXn \n¿_-‘n-X-am-IpIbpw
sNøpw. Npcp-°-Øn¬ sXfnhv \¬In-b-Xp-sImt- m sXfn-hv FSp-Ø-Xp-sImt- m
am{Xw Imc-y-an-√, Bcv \¬Ip-∂p-sh∂pw Fßs\ \¬Ip-∂p-sh-∂Xpw ChnsS
{]k-‡-am-Wv.