‘The 99 questions 1, What condition is essential for galvanic (bimetallic) corrosion to occur? Oxygen; electrolyte; (two metals having) different potentials 2, How do we recognize turbulence corrosion? In copper we can find sharply defined pits which commonly are undercut on the side facing the water’s direction of flow 3. When we use the term degraphitation of cast iron, what kind of corrosion do we refer to? Selective corrosion 4. Degraphitation is a special form of bimetallic corrosion and either iron nthe steel is consumed through dissolution. Which of the two substances will go to dissolution? Iron (will sacrifice itself for graphite leavingthe surface as a layer This layer has no mechanical strength, however the object looks intact. The graphite may be easily removed with eg. a knife. 5. Most of coatings functionby the barrier principal. Against what is the coating barrier? (against) liquid; water and partly oxygen 6. Dose a coating heavily pigmented with zinc phosphate provide corrosion protection by the galvanic principle? No, by inhibitor principle 7. Why is a surface profile important to adhesion of a coating system? It enlarger the area to contact, providing anchorage 8. How do we check surfaces for a metal cleanliness of sa3 ensure that all soluble substances are removed from the surface? According to ISO 8502-6 and ISO 8502-9. Sampling (* Bresle method”) and measure the conductivity. 9. Will blasting steel surface to a metal cleanliness sa3 ensure that all soluble substances are removed from the surface? No, it can only remove partly. Fresh water washing will do it.10. What must be done to the steel surface before grinding? Steel preparation first (removing weld slag/weld spatter, chipping off lamination), then removing oil/grease and/or water soluble substances by solvent cleaning and/or HPW was 11, Why is a steel surface, which has been burnished through rotary wire, brushing not a very good surface to apply paint? It is too much smooth, there is no good adhesion between the coating and the surface 12. What is the function of a moisture separator on a compressor? ‘To separate water from the compressed air 13. What is the effort of increasing the distance from the blast nozzle to the surface? It will loss kinetic energy (shallow roughness/poor blasting) 14, Which angle (the blasting nozzle to surface) should you select wherblasting off most parts of thick, which is well adhesion epoxy mastic system? 45 to 60 degree angle 15, What problem connected to the paint system's use an inhibitor in connecting with water jetting? Give later osmotic blistering and affect the adhesion between the paint and the substrate. vice life cam you get if you 16. Is water jetting suited for primary surface preparation? If you think so, please state why? If you think not, please state why? No, it is only suited for secondary surface preparation, because it dose not create good surface roughness 17. If, after blasting, flash rust appears rather more quickly than usual, what could indicate? There is water soluble substance on surface; there is condensation on surface; the humidity is high18. What is the lowers liquid pressure according to the joint SSPC/NACE standard that is designated water jetting 710 Mpa (10000 psi) 19. What is laitance? It is the outer crust of freshly cast concrete. 20. Where can you find information such as the pot life of a coating? In the product data sheet. 21. When paints are stored for long periods of time, what component settles to the bottom? The pigment will settle to the bottom 22, How can you get rid of air that has been mixed into liquid paint before application? Put is a while, the air will release the air by itself in the induction time 23, What effects do the temperature has on the pot life of paint? If the temperature increase, the pot life will reduce; if the temperature reduce , the pot life will increase, 24, When would you use a moisture/oil trap between an air compressor and the pressure pot in an air spray unit? ‘The moisture / oil trap would be always used when you an air spray unit 25. Why dose paint “wrap around” to the sides and the back of an objecduring electrostatic spray application? The paint is given an electrostatic charge (usu. negative), the object is earthed, the negative charged paint particles are attracted to all parts of object and the build up of paint is especially good on edges. 26. What degree of metal cleanliness is required for thermal spraying of a mefalllic coating, and what should the surface profile be? Sa3 and 50-80 um27, Which metals are the ones most commonly used in thermal spray application? Aluminum alloy and zine alloy 28. What is induction time? Some paints need to sit for a while prior to use in order for the two ‘components to start reacting, this period of time is called induction time 29. What effect will hot weather have on the pot life a clmical curing coating? Hot weather will shorten the curing time 30, What is a pot life? When the two components paint is mixed, it only has a short period of time between the Mixing point and the point at which the paint cured, can not be used anymore , this period of ‘Time is called pot life. 31. What is a water borne coating? In a water borne coating the organic solvents are almost absent, and the binder, in form of small spheroids is dispersed in water 32, What effect will low temperature and high humidity have on the drying/curing of water borne coating? ‘There will be condensation on the coating surface, the coating may not dry/eure 33. “water borne coating dose not contain any solvent at all”, Is this a correct statement This is not correct. Water borne coating contain a small amount of special solvent— plasticiser (usu. < 6%) 34, What effect will increasing the solids content of a coatinghave on the VOC level of a coating? The VOC will be lowered 35. What effect will thinning have on the film building properties of a coating? It will lead sagging /runs; you will increase the WET in order to achieve the specified DFT3. What dose SSPC-SP10 designate? Very through blast cleaning—near white metal blast cleaning (ISO sa2 1/2) 37. On a work site you find that the wind is blowing steadily at apace 15 miles per hour Will this affect airless spray application of zinc ethyl silicate? ‘Yes, the velocity is too high. The maximum permit is 7.2km/hr 38. Why should the steel temperature during blasting orpaint application be at least 3 *c above the dew point? Avoid condensation to ensure good adhesion 39. How do we determine if a blasted steel surface the requiredmetal cleanliness or not? ‘You can determine by using the standard ISO 8501-1 (with photos) 40. What does P Sa3 designate? Partial (localized) blasting to sa3 to a previously coated surface. 41, And P St2? Partial (localized) hand or power tool cleaning to st2 to a previously coated surface. 42, What is the difference between a specification and procedure? A specification tells what will be done, a procedure tells how will be done. A specification comprise the elements necessary to describe the result aimed at. ‘A procedure must cover all aspects of the work-not only surface preparation and application. 43. “Reporting is demanded to make life difficult for coating advisers and ensure that they do not go (0 bars and loose women” Is this statement correct? Please justify your viewpoint regardless of weather or not you agree with the statement? No, I do not agree with it. Reporting is very important, everything should be written down clearly so that we can find the reasons easily if some troubles happen. 44, Why is it necessary to remove grease from a surface prior to blast cleaning? For blast cleaning will not fully remove the grease, instead, it will spot the grease everywhere.45. When you have removed lead containing paint from surface through grinding should you then take your work clothes home and wash them by hands? No, throw them away, 46. What is the flash point? Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid liberates sufficient vapor to form a mixture with the air near its surface which, if ignited, will make a small flash, but not catch fire, 47. How do we check the surface profile achieved on a cleaned surface? Compare with standard ISO08503 48. How long shall you twirl a sling psychrometer in order to determine the wet and dry temperature? Do not stop until the two thermometers stable. 49. If you use a worn nozzle on an airless spray gun, how will this affect the thickness of the wet film deposited on the surface as compared to an identical but unused nozzle? High film thickness/maybe sagging/orange pecl/ 50. What should you do if your receive a shipment of coatings which have exceed their pot life? Return them back, report accordingly, 51. What do we mean by theoretical coverage? It is defines as the area of surface that can be covered at uniform specified dry film thickness by a specified unit yolume of a coating in theory. 52, Why do we specify a certain dry film thickness for a coat of paint? PLS listen to the professor 53. What check would you be likely to make to find the cause of fish eye in a paint film? Oil/grease, silicone, dirt54, What is the main causes of the below paint film defects? Wrinkling: a. Too thick b. weather too warm Orange peel: a. Paint too viscous b. gun too close c. too fast solvent evaporation 4. too low air pressure, Pinhole: a, Solvent/air passage through the film b. insufficient atomization ¢. coarse atomization d, settled pigment(s) Dry spray: a, Gun too far away b. too high atomization ¢. incorrect spray technique d. fall-out from wind ¢. too high air temperature Sagging: a. gun too close b. too much paint (slow pass) c. excess thinning d. surface too hard/glossy e. surface temperature too high f. surface temperature too low. Flaking: a. Contamination on the substrate to be over coated b. condensation on substrates at time of application ¢. the underlying substrates is too hard and glossy. 55. Where do you find the requirements for personal protection gear for spray application of a polyurethane paint? In safety date sheet 56. If somebody on the job accidentally swallows paints, what do you do then? Sent him to hospital immediately, and give the safety date sheet to the doctor 57. What do we mean with the term TLV? Threshold limit value. It is a guideline for the assessment of the hygienic standard of atmosphere in the work environment. 58. Why dose your cigarette taste so strange when you smoking in an atmosphere which contains solvent fumes ? It contains explosion/phosgene gas.59. What is the maximum size of dust particles, which may enter your lungs if you do not use a filer mask? 5mm 60. Inside a confined space, where do solvent vapors collect ? In the bottom. 61. What protective gear will you use when entering a tank, which cannot be tested for oxygen evel or presence of toxic gases? Full mask with oxygen cylinder 62. Which three factors are essential for general corrosion to take place? 02,clectrolyte and difference in potential 63. What is the formula for calculating the DFT when you know the wet film thickness and the yolume solids of paint? DFT=WFIT x volume solid % 64. Please name three function pigment may have in paint formulation. a.color b. Gloss c. Anti corrosive d. UV protection e. Give “body “ to paint £, mechanical strength 65. Please list three advantages and three disadvantages connected to airless spray. Advantages: high application speed/high film thickness/good penetration Disadvantages: costly/dangerous/not for small detail uses 66. Please give two reasons for applying passive fire protection to stecl structure. a.secure escape route for personnel h.secure integrity and stability of structure c.retard spread of fire 67. Why is it impossible tomeasure the DET of a coat ofprefabrication primer on steel plates that have been blasted? a.the DFT of prefabrication primer is low (15—25um) b.the prefabrication primer is flexible.68, a) What Is the adhesive failure? Loss of adhesion between coats or between paint and substrate. b) Please list reason for adhesive failure. The surface has been contaminated; (chemical curingpaint) the over coating time exceeded the specified requirement, )what is cohesive failure? It is the inside break of film. 4) Please list reason for cohesive failure? Vacuoles, water, oll or others in film €) what method do we have for testing the adhesive and cohesive properties of paint system? By ISO 4624 (pull-off test) 69, Please explain how the standard ISO 8501-1 is organized. ‘You can make drawings (28 photos) 70. What do we call that property which prevents high coating from sagging? ‘Thixotropy 71. Please name the two most important pigments used in prefabrication primer ‘Zinc/iron oxide 72. What do we mean by the term dry to touch? It is surface dry, it is not yet dry to handle. Put some small glass balls on the surface of the paint, if the balls can be moved by the sweeping of brush and the balls are not contaminatedby paint, it means the paint is touch dry. 73. Please name on chemically curing, inorganic one-component paint. Cement based coating/ 74. Why do we not in general use magnesium anodes to protect the underwater hull of ships? Magnesium will sacrifice too fast. 75. How many square meters will a liter of 100% solids paint applied to a DFT of ium cover theoretically? 1000 m2 76. What is electrolyte? Electrolyte is liquid which is electrically conductive.77. Are electrons emitted from the anodes or from the cathode in a galvanic circuit? From the anodes 78. Are iron ions positively or negatively charged? Positively 79. What is thinner? Solvent or mix of solvent to adjust the viscosity 80. What do we mean by a generic type? Generic type: coatings with the same type of binder and active filler (EGZN) 81. What is the function of a concrete sealer coat? Prevent water oxygen and oil from penetrating into the concrete and get good adhesion. 82. Please explain what we mean by PH-scale. It is the expression of some substance to be acidic or alkaline. On. 14 acidic medium alkaline 83. Please name three abrasives used for centrifugal blast cleaning of steel. Steel shot ,steel grit and steel wire cut 84, Please name the three principles for drying/curing paint. Phy ically drying, oxidative curing , chemically curing 85. Please name one example of a generic type of paint from each of the three groups you have listed 84 above. Acrylic paint, alkyd paint, epoxy paint 86. What do we mean by functionality in the resin of a chemical curing paint? Please listen to the professor 87. Please name three main components in a paint formulation. Binder, pigment and solvent 88. What is osmotic blistering and why dose it occur? Soluble salts, if present on a substrate at time of application of paint systems, will later cause osmotic blistering because of osmotic pressure,89. Why is vital to move the spray gun parallel to the substrate when applying paint by spray? In order to get a even film on anyplace of the surface, 90. What problems with the paint film can be expected when you hold the spray gun 80cm away from the work piece? Open film / dry spray / uneven film / no good adhesion 91. In which standard can we find information about classification of corrosive environment? ISO 12944-2 92. How do we check if a two component epoxy coating has cured sufficiently for over coating with a polyurethane topcoat? Check the over coating time from the product date sheet. 93. Please name the three principles by which paints steel from corrosion. Barrier, galvanic and inhibitor 94. When a specification demand a metal cleanliness of minimum Sa 2.5 what does this mean? At what time shall the metal have this cleanliness? a. Very through blast cleaning- near white metal blast cleaning b. Just before start application 95. what does the standard ISO 8502-9 cover? Measuring the conductivity. 96. After having carried out an adhesion test by pull-off method you find both the dolly and the pulled off area on the steel to be covered with a pink primer. What kind of break does this signify? “cohesive break” 97. You spill some epoxy thinner on the deck of a ship and you observe that the existing coating system becomes wrinkle on the surface. What can this tell you about the existing coating cured paint (alkyd) 98. How will solvent affects you brain acute affect? Intoxication 99, What contamination can you reveal on the surface by lighting it up by means of an ultraviolet light bulb? Oil contamination.