A26

CRA N E

APPENDIX A- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF VALVES, FITTINGS, AND PIPE

"K" FACTOR TABLE-SHEET 1 of 4

Representative Resistance Coefficients (K) for Valves and Fittings

("K" is based on use of schedule pipe as listed on page 2- 10)

PIPE FRICTION DATA FOR CLEAN COMMERCIAL STEel PIPE

WITH FlOW IN ZONE OF COMPLETE TURBULENCE

.~
Nominal Size
Friction
Factor (fT)

711"

1"

1~"

lY2"

2"

2Y2, 3"

4"

5"

6"

8-10"

12-16"

18-24"

.025

.023

.022

.021

.019

.018

.017

.016

,015

.014

.013

.012

Y2"

.027

Ie

E
~

FORMULAS FOR CALCULATING uK" FACTORS

FOR VALVES AND FITTINGS WITH REDUCED PORT

(Ref: Pages 2-11 and 3-4)

Formula 6

Formula 1

1<2

.1;

~l + Formula 2

-7-

Formula ..J.

-.;
.11;

Formula 2

0,; (I - (32)

1<2

{34

Isin.!!..

.11;

Formula 7

K2

Formula 3

2.6~in :1(1
K2

~41 + {3

)1
(Formula

+ Formula..J.) when () = 180"

Kl

(32)2

{34

E
1

{34

II:

Formula 4

'.
II:

{3 -- ~
d2

Formula 5
1<2 =

K2 =

~I + Formula
KI

{32

+ Formula 3

+ Sin~[0,8 (r -

(32)

+ 2,6

(I - (32)2]

SUDDEN AND GRADUAL CONTRACTION

If: 0 < 45 ......... K2

45 < 0 <

r800 ..

.I

d,

(dd

l )2

!
9

c:!.!.
a2

SUDDEN AND GRADUAL ENLARGEMENT

r;:

, a, I ~ d,

a,

- I

~ Formula I
2

Subscript 1 defines dimensions

and coefficients with reference to
the smaller diameter.
Subscript 2 refers to the larger
diameter . .

K2 - Formula

L:'

\9 d,I
/

I
\

a,

.5

\
1

If: 0 < 45 ...... , .1<2 = Formula 3

45 < 0 < 1800

1<2

Formula 4

CRANE

A-27

APPENDIX A - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF flUIDS AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF VALVES. FITTINGS. AND PIPE

"K" FACTOR TABLE-SHEET 2 of 4

Representative Resistance Coefficients (K) for Valves and Fittings

(for formulos and friction data. see poge A26)

("K" is based on use of schedule pipe as listed on page 2 10)

SWING CHECK VALVES

GATE VALVES
Wedge Disc, Double Disc, or Plug Type

I<

K=loofT
If: {3 =

I, (j = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1<, = 8fT
= Formula 5
= Formula l1

\'Iinimum pipe \'elocity

(fpS) for full ,--lise lift

and (j :( -1-5 ......... I<~

{3 < 1 and 45 < (j '< 180.. . 1'-2
{3 <

fr

\Iinimum pipe \'elocity

(fpS) for full disc lift

VV-

=35

= 50

=48

VV

..------,----~

--------------------------~-

LIFT CHECK VALVES

GLOBE AND ANGLE VALVES

I r:

4
/

'. -

If:

,.

,-'

,~
"d a '

",',..

ij ",

~ ,!Irr, -.i-

.'

/'\..',

' __

r3 = I .. ,K 1 = oeo fT
r3 < I .. ,K2 = Formula 7
lvlinimum pipe velocity (fps) for full disc lift
/-== 40 t/ 2 V V

,-a,

,.,

:~

If:

{3=I ... I<'=55fT

~"Iinimurn

r3=I ... I<1=55h

r3 < I ... K2 = Formula i
pipe velocity Ups) for full disc lift
= 140 (32

v'v

TILTING DISC CHECK V ALVES

,
I

, a., ,

5
40ft.
30 ft.
20/-1'

0(.

All ~Iobe and an~le valves,

whether reduced scat or throttled,
[ f: (:J < I . .- . f{.,! = Formula 7

Sizes 2 to 8", .. K =
Sizes 10 to 14" ... K =
Sizes Il) to -18" ... K =
\ linirnurn pipe velocity
(Cps) for full disc lift =

80

VV

01.= 15

120fr
L)O /7'

bo fT
30

VV

A- 28

CRA

APPENDIX A - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS AND flOW CHARACTERISTICS OF VALVES, FITTINGS, AND PIPE

NE

"K" FACTOR TABLE-SHEET 3 of 4

Representative Resistance Coefficients (K) for Valves and Fittings

(For formulas and friction data, see page A-26J

("K" is based on use of scheduled pipe as listed on page 2- 10)

STOP-CHECK V ALVES

FOOT VALVES WITH STRAINER

(Globe and Angle Types)

Poppet Disc

Hinged Disc

t--d--i

E=
C

If:
C
,

E:

:;- .-. ---zj

If:

i3

I, , ,1<1
{3 < I, ,:1<2
=

fr

40 0

Formula 7

Minimum pipe velocity

for full disc Ii ft
=

55 {32

{3 =
{3 <

I, ,

,I<I

I , ,

,1<2

If:
= 200

= Formula -;

Minimum pipe velocity

for full disc lift

v'V

E=

iT

= 75 {32

\ linimum pipe \'ciocity

(fps) for full disc lift
=

15

\Iinimum pipe \'clocity

(fps) for full disc.!ift
;=-

VV

35 V V

VV

If:
,1<1 = JOO iT
,1<.2 = Formula 7

If:
{3 =
{3 <

I, ,

,1<1

I, ,

,1<.2

-=
I::
-=
-=IE:

. . . vJ;,--

4(t ..~i-

35 0 fr
Formula 7
If:

ivlinimum pipe velocity (fps) for full disc lift

=

60 {32

VV

E:
Ie

BALL VALVES

{3 = 1 - ,
{3 < I, ,

E=

p=

I.

= 0, , , , , , , , , , ' , , ,I<I =

p < 1 and 0 <: 45 , , , , , , , , ,1\.2

{3 < I and 45 < 0'< 180, , ,1\.2

=
=

BUTTERFLY VALVES

J !1.
rormula 5
r:-ormula 6

-=

-=
-=
-=
-=

IE

If:

If:

{3 = I , {:J < I"

,K 1 = 55 iT
,1<.2 = Formula

{3 = I.,
{:J < I"

,I<I =

,1<2

55 iT
Formula -;

Nlinimum pipe velocity (fps) for full disc lift

140 {32

V'V

II:
II:
i

Sizes 2 to 8" ... K = 45 fr

Sizes 10 to 14" ... K = 35 fr
Sizes 16 to 24" ... K = 25 iT

'It

It

CRANE

A-29

APPENDIX A - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF VALVES. FlnINGS. AND PIPE

UK" FACTOR TABLE- SHEET 4 of 4

Representative Resistance Coefficients (K) for Valves and Fittings

(for formulas and friction dota, 'ee page A-26)

("K" is based on use of schedule pipe as listed on page 2- 10)

PLUG VALVES AND COCKS

Straight-Way

ST ANDARD ELBOWS
90

3-Way

(~(
I

K
If:
1<\

t3
=

If: p = I,
I<\ = 30 IT

I.

IS IT

If:

11 <

I ...

I<~ =

30 iT

If: j3 = I,
1<\ = ClO iT

I<

ST ANDARD TEES

Formula 6

.J-L

:.:2!

-----~--------------------------------

MITRE BENDS
0(.

O
IS
30'
45
60
75
90

2
4
8
15
25
40
60

= IblT

Flow thru run ....... I< = 20 IT

FIO\\' t hru branch .... I< = 60 IT

fr
fr
fr
fr
fr
fr
fr

----------~-------.,

PIPE ENTRANCE

90 PIPE BENDS AND

FLANGED OR BUTT-WELDING 90 ELBOWS

..

,.

"l!!

rid

rid

1
1.5
2
3
4
6

20 fr
14 fr
12 fr
12 fr
14 fr
17 fr

8
10
12
14
16
20

24
30
34
38
42
50

Inward
Projecting

Flush

fr
fr
fr
fr
fr
fr

The resistance coefficient, K/I, for pipe bends other

than qoo may he determined as follows:
['11= (11 - I)

rid

0.00*
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.15 & up

0.5
0.28
0.24
0.15
0.09
0.04

'Sharp-edged

For I<,
see table

(0.2 5 fr-J + 0.5 K) + I<

7r

------------------._--------.---

n = number of quo bt:nds

= rt:sistunec coefficient for one l}O ocnd (per tuble)

"

--,-----,----------,--,
CLOSE PATTERN RETURN BENDS

PIPE EXI'r
Projecting

Sharp-Edged

Rounded

---,

= 1.0

= 1.0