Gas Laws

I. Atmospheric pressure caused by

gravity pulling on gas particles weight
A. Barometer measures atmospheric
pressure
Invented by Torricelli
Tube filled with mercury inverted in a pool
of mercury

 B. Units vary
Conversion factors all are equal, find the
two you need
1 atm=760 torr = 760 mmHg = 76.0 cmHg
= 101.3 kPa = 101,300 Pa = 14.7 psi

 3.87 atm = ? kPa

42.8 cm Hg = ? torr

Percent yield
% yield= (act yd/theor yd) X 100

Actual yield = 33.8 g, theoretical yield =

46.2 g , %yd=?
Actual yield = 0.124g, theoretical yield =
0.326g, %yd=?

II.Boyles Law
P1V1= P2V2

III. Charles Law

V1/T1 = V2/T2
Extrapolation of Charles Law gives us
absolute zero lowest possible temp
-2730 C = 0 K

Combined Gas Law

P1V1 = P2V2
T1
T2

P1V1T2= P2V2T1
T must be in K
K=0C + 273

P1V1T2= P2V2T1
V1 = 31.4 L
T1 = 500 K
V2 = 42.6 L
T2 = ?

P1V1T2= P2V2T1
P1 = 715 mm Hg
V1 = 3100 mL
T1 = 215 K
P2 = ?
V2 = 4150 mL
T2 = 300 K

P1V1T2= P2V2T1
P1 =
V1 =
T1 =
P2 =
V2 =
T2 =

P1V1T2= P2V2T1
P1 =
V1 =
T1 =
P2 =
V2 =
T2 =

IV. Ideal gas law

PV=nRT
n= number of moles
R = ideal gas constant
R = 0.0821 L atm/mol K

P = 1.62 atm
V = 33.2 L
n O2= ?
T = 300 K

? g O2

V. Other laws
diffusion
Particles move from an
area of high concentration
to areas of low
concentration

effusion
Gas escapes from a small hole in its
container

Grahams Law of Diffusion

M = molar mass

 How much faster will hydrogen gas diffuse

than oxygen gas?

Daltons Law of Partial Pressures

The total pressure of a system is the sum
of the pressures of the individual gases

 1. If two gases have pressures of 1.23 atm

and 2.44 atm, what is the total pressure?

2. If the total pressure of a mixture of

oxygen and helium has a pressure of 780
torr, and the oxygen alone has a pressure
of 439 torr, what is the pressure due to
helium?

Kinetic Molecular Theory

1. gases consist of tiny particles whose
volume is negligible

Kinetic Molecular Theory

1. gases consist of tiny particles whose
volume is neglible
2. the particles are in constant random
motion

Kinetic Molecular Theory

1. gases consist of tiny particles whose
volume is neglible
2. the particles are in constant random
motion
3. Pressure in a container- caused by
collisions of the gas particles with the
walls of the container

Kinetic Molecular Theory

4. no attractions or repulsions between
particles

Kinetic Molecular Theory

4. no attractions or repulsions between
particles
5. average kinetic energy is directly
proportional to the K temp

Avogadros Law
Equal volumes of gases at the same temp
and pressure will contain the same
number of particles
STP = standard temp and pressure= 1
atm at 273 K
1 mol of any gas at STP occupies 22.4 L