Strength Solutions CH 01 Ver5 PDF

July 2011
Chapter 1
Concept of
Stress

.
SMS
. info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260
eng-hs.com, eng-hs.net
July 2011
Normal Stress:

:
P
A
Shear Stress:

:
P
A
single shear :

.
SMS
July 2011
double shear :
triple shear :
Bearing Stress:

:
A
A = 100*120
P
A
A=dt
SMS
July 2011
Stress on an Oblique Plane

stresses
( )
:
P
cos2
Ao
P
cos sin
Ao
Factor of Safety
) ult ( Ultimate Stress
ult
( ) all
allowable stress
)F. S.( Factor of Safety
ult
all
F . S.
( )F. S. 25

No gains without pains
SMS
July 2011
P (N )
A (m 2 )
AB
P
(25 10 3 ) 2
Pa
BC
240 103 P
(37.5 10 3 ) 2
AB
2 BC
P
240 103 P
2
6
625 10
1406.25 10 6

)normal stress(
cylindrical
weld
1406.25 P
P
1250 (240 103 P )

112.94 kN
magnitude
twice
stress
.
SMS
info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .
July 2011
Pa
) P (N
) A (m 2
rod AB:
70 103
r2

()normal stress
175 10
0.0113 m
22.6 mm
d
rod BC:
rod
exceed
30 103
r2
150 10
allowable
0.00798 m
weld
15.96 mm

.
SMS
July 2011
MC
FBD 0.4 20 (0.65) 0
ten
32.5 kN
FBD
Fy
20 FBD FCE
12.5 kN
FCE
20 kN
comp
0.25
a) rod BD:
0.4 m
FBD
FCE
P (N )
32.5 * 103

2
A (m )
2 * (8 * 103 ) * ((36 16) * 103 )

101.6 MPa
link link
pins
b) rod CE:

P (N )
12.5 * 10
A (m 2 )
2 * (8 * 10 3 ) * (36 * 10 3 )
3
diameter
uniform
connect
21.7 MPa

.
SMS
July 2011
link
480N
M B
MB
FAC
FAC cos 30 250 960 75 960 225 0

) (T
665 N
F
A
665
) (12 3 10 6
FAC
rectangular
portion
central
Pa
18.47 10 6
18.47 MPa

SMS
July 2011
Fy 0
Ay
Ay 15 kN
Ax
0.9 m
MA 0
E
Dx
15 (2.4) Dx (0.9) 0
1.2 m
F
1.2 m 1.2 m
joint A:
15
Fy 0
FAE
15 kN
Dx 40 kN
3
15 0;
5
3
.
40
FAB
FAE
FAE 25 kN
Fx 0
4
FAB FAE 40 0; FAB 20 kN
5
joint B:
FBC
FAB
FBC FAB 20 kN
joint C:
FBC
Fx 0
4
FCG FBC 0;
5
CG
FCG
FCG 25 kN
FCG
25 103
98.2 MPa
2
ACG
(0.009)
SMS
July 2011

)sheer stress(
)(assuming L in mm
15 kN
) P (N
) A (m 2
L
2
15 * 103
L
2 * (75 * 10 3 ) * 3 * 10 3
2
Pa
700 * 10
3 mm
plywood
splice
contact
clearance
105 3 15 103
2
L 292 mm
exceed
glue

.
SMS
July 2011

)sheer stress(
F
A
) (8 10
) (90 15 10 6
5.93 106
Pa

reach
wooden
fail
indicated
specimen
MPa
5.93
failure

.
SMS
July 2011
shear force

16 mm * 12 mm
) P (N
) A (m 2
P
) 6 * (16 * 10 3 ) * (12 * 10 3

( Pa )
shear off
cause
9216 N
grains
9.216 kN
8 * 106
mortise
axial
reach

.
SMS
July 2011
n2
n2
n1
steel
F
A
180 106
P
2 r h
n1

n1-n1
n2-n2
( 180 106 ) ( 2 ( 6 10 3 ) ( 10 10 3 ) )
67.9 kN
alum
F
A
apply
support
exceed
P
2 rh
(70 106 ) ( 2 (20 10 3 ) (8 10 3 ) )

70.4 kN
choose the least P = 67.9 kN

.
SMS
July 2011

(bearing stress)
) P (N
) A (m 2
75 * 103
) L * (140 * 10 3

support
timber
b ( Pa )
0.1786 m
3 * 10
exceed
bearing
178.6 mm
stress

.
( )
SMS
July 2011
P (N )
A (m 2 )
Pa
normal stress in steel rod:
35 106
P
(11 10 3 ) 2
P 13.3 kN
bearing stress between washer and timber:
consider d in mm
5 10
13.3 103
(d
4
63.3 mm
25 ) 10
2
distributed
annular
washer
slightly
timber
exceed

.
SMS
July 2011
)a
) P (N
) A (m 2
b ( Pa )
A b Maximum
40 * 103
) (100 * 10 3 ) * (120 * 10 3

) bearing stress)
3.33 MPa
)b
applied
concrete
footing
post
undistributed
) P (N
) A (m 2
3
40 * 10
b2
b ( Pa )
145 * 103
0.2759 m 2
b2
0.5252 m
mm
525

... .
SMS
July 2011
normal stress in for the short column:
( Pa )
P
P (N )
A (m 2 )
(200 * 106 ) * (7560 * 106 )

1.512 * 106
bearing stress between steel and concrete:
b ( Pa )
20 * 10
a2
axial
P (N )
A (m 2 )
provide
1.512 * 106
a2
economical
0.0756 m 2
distributed
support
stress
0.275
275
mm
bearing

. 180
SMS
July 2011
Mc 0
T 125 P 300 0
T 1,200 N
F
x
Cx T
T
0
0
1,200 N
Fy
Cy P
CX
Cy
Cy
Fc
pedal
500 N
bearing
support
(C x ) 2 (C y ) 2
nominal
1,300 N
a)
F
A
1,300
2 (3 103 ) 2
23.0
MPa
b)
F
A
1,300
(9 6 10 6 )
24.1 MPa
F
A
1,300
2 (5 6 10 6 )
21.7
c)
MPa
.
SMS
July 2011
Fy
Cy
Mc
0
750 N
0
T (125) 750 (300)

T
1,800 N
Fc
Cx
P = 750 N
T
125 mm
C x2
C y2
1,950 N
Cx
Cy
a)

40 106
F
A
1,950
r
2
2 (r )
d
75 mm
300 mm
2.97 10 3 m
5.57 mm
~
6
mm
b)
F
A
2A
c)
1,950
(9 6 10 6 )
1,950
2 (5 6 10 6 )
36.1 MPa
32.5 MPa

.
SMS
July 2011
30
P
cos2
A0
5.6 103
2
(cos
30
)
) (125 75 10 6
0.448 MPa
P
cos sin
A0
5.6 103
)(cos 30) (sin 30
) (125 75 10 6
0.26 MPa

.
SMS
July 2011

( )
90 45 45
cos2
Pa
cos2 45
11 * 103
) (150 * 103 ) * (75 * 103
MPa
Pa
sin 45
) P (N
) A (m 2
sin
0.489
) P (N
cos
) A (m 2
11 * 103
cos 45
3
3
) (150 * 10 ) * (75 * 10
0.489 MPa

.
SMS
July 2011
90 45 45
a)
560 * 103
P
P (N )
A (m 2 )
P
(75 * 103 ) * (150 * 103 )
cos
sin
cos 45
sin 45
12,600 N
corresponding
12.6 kN
tensile
P (N )
A (m 2 )
cos2
Pa
12,600
(150 * 10 3 ) * (75 * 10 3 )
0.56
MPa
560
kPa
applied
wooden
glue
b)
Pa
allowable
shearing
cos2 45

.
SMS
July 2011
b)
maximum shear stress occurs on an
oblique plane having orientation of 45
from normal plane.
a)
P
cos 45 sin 45
A

170 106
P
2 (150 10 3 ) 2
P 765 kN
17 MPa
exert
c)
P
2 A
(C )
oblique
orientation
form
occur
d)
max
P
A
34 MPa
(C )

.
SMS
July 2011
link
D M
MD
FBC 300 cos 30 P 450 sin 30 0

FBC 260 40 225 0
FBC
34.64 kN
FBC
act
F
A
(34.64 103 )
(6 30 10 6 )
192.5 MPa
strength
F. S.
ult
act
450
192.5
2.34
tension
width
structure
thick

.
SMS
July 2011
0.91 MPa
2.5 MPa
2.75
2 3 125
2
)( L in mm
all
Aresisting
shear
( L 6) 125 mm 2
F
A
16 103
( L 6) 125 10 6
all
0.91 10
( L 6) 140.8 mm
L 146.8 mm
..
:
.
SMS
July 2011
) P (N
) A (m 2
110 * 103
3 * (9 * 103 ) 2
Pa
Pa

wooden
beam
ultimate
bolt
attach
actual
144.1 * 106
144.1 MPa
ultimate
actual
F. S.
360
144.1
2.498
2 .5

SMS
July 2011
= r 2
= 3
= 3 r 2
) P (N
) A (m 2
Pa
bolt
attach
plate
) (110 * 10
) 3 * (r 2
360 * 10
3.35
desired
beam
support
desired
all
diameter
0.0104 m
0.0208 m
mm
20.8

.
SMS
July 2011
M E
0 24 (650) FCF * 400 0
FCF 39 kN
FBE 15 kN
(T )
(C )
getting F. S. of normal stress in link CF

act ( Pa)
F . S.
P (N )
2
39 * 10
2 * (( 40 20) * 10
A (m )
ult
act
400
97.5
) * (10 * 10
4.10
act ( Pa)
F . S.
(N )
2
A (m )
ult
act
97.5 MPa
)
400
250
FBE
getting F. S. of normal stress in link BE

P
15 * 10
FCF
F
24
18.75 MPa
2 * ( 40 * 10 ) * (10 * 10 )
400
18.75
21.3
check F. S. of shear in pins C, F
act Pa
F. S.
P (N )
A ( m)
ult
act
39 10
3
3 2
2 (10 10 )
62.1 MPa
150
2.42
62.1
2.42 F. S. F. S.

.
SMS
July 2011
MB
FCD 300 P 750 0

2 .5 P
FCD
Fy
FCD FAB P
FAB
(T )
1 .5 P
FCD
(T )
B
E
shear stress:
FAB
P (N )
A (m 2 )

210 106
3
P
300
450
2.5 P
(12.5 10 3 ) 2
13.71 kN
normal stress:
P (N )
A (m 2 )
490 106
3
2 .5 P
((50 25) 12) 10 6
19.6 kN
we always choose the least load, P = 13.74
kN
SMS
July 2011
all
all
ult
F. S.
ult
400
3
F. S.
133.3 MPa
150
3
50 MPa
MC 0
P ( 280) FBD (120) 0
FBD 2.333 P C y 1.333 P
We have to check in link BD & in pins B & C

all
BD
( Pa)
6
( Pa)
50 * 10
allC
(N )
2
A (m )
133.3 * 10
all B
( Pa)
50 * 10
2.333 P
((18
P
10) * 10
P 2.743 kN
* (6 * 10 )
(N )
2
A (m )
2.333 P
3 2
(5 * 10 )
P
P 1.683 kN
(N )
2
A (m )
1.333 P
3 2
2 (3 * 10 )
Choose least P = 1.683 kN
P 2.121 kN
SMS
July 2011
all
ultimate
F. S.
all
33.3 MPa
ult
83.3 MPa
F . S.
BD
200
A
MA 0
P 380 FBD 200 0
FBD 1.9 P,
Ay 0.9 P
180
B
Ay
FBD
A
all )D , B(
Ay
2 A 8mm
FBD
2 A 12mm
0.9 P
2 ( 4 2 ) * 106
P 3.72 kN
1.9 P
2 ( 6 2 ) * 106
BD
P 3.97 kN
33.3 * 106
33.3 * 106
all
FBD
1.9 P
83.3 * 106
P 14 kN
6
2 ALink BD
2 * 8 * 20 * 10
Choose least load, P = 3.72 kN
SMS
July 2011
MC
200
45
FAB
* 100 cos 20 FAB
* 100 sin 20 2 cos 75 *
205
205
175
(175 sin 20) 2 sin 75 * (175 cos 20) 0
84.19 FAB
100
348.5
4.14 kN
FAB
D
75
20
20
Cy
205
2 kN
200
45
Fx
0 C x FAB
200
0 C y FAB
2 sin 75 0
205
5.97 kN
Cy
FC
AB
0.391 kN
Cx
Fy
F
45
2 cos 75 0
205
Cx C y
2
P (N )
A (m 2 )
P (N )
A (m 2 )
(0.391) 2 (5.97) 2
5.98 * 103
* (4.5 * 103 ) 2
94.1 MPa
5.98 * 103
3
5.98 kN
44.3 Pa
(9 * 10 ) * (15 * 10 )
SMS
July 2011

( )
90 20 70
) P (N
) A (m 2
all
P
) (70 * 103 ) * (110 * 103
500 * 103
sin
Pa
sin 70
cos 70
axial
safely
joined
member
glue
allowable
shearing
apply
cos
11,979 N
11.98 kN

.
SMS
July 2011
normal stress in steel plate:
all ( Pa )
250 * 106
3.6
P (N )
A (m 2 )
18 * 103
((a 24) * 10 3 ) * (10 * 10 3 )
a 49.9 mm
bearing stress between palate and concrete:
b ( Pa )
2.1 * 106
3.6
P (N )
A (m 2 )
thick

concrete
width
depth
slap
lower

18 * 103
((2 * 49.9 2 * 10) * 10 3 ) * (b * 10 3 )
b 257.6 mm

.
SMS

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July 2011

Stress on an Oblique Plane

)F. S.( Factor of Safety

1250 (240 103 P )

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

FBD 0.4 20 (0.65) 0

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

FAC cos 30 250 960 75 960 225 0

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

(70 106 ) ( 2 (20 10 3 ) (8 10 3 ) )

choose the least P = 67.9 kN

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

normal stress in steel rod:

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

normal stress in for the short column:

(200 * 106 ) * (7560 * 106 )

bearing stress between steel and concrete:

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

T (125) 750 (300)

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

FBC 300 cos 30 P 450 sin 30 0

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

0 24 (650) FCF * 400 0

getting F. S. of normal stress in link CF

getting F. S. of normal stress in link BE

check F. S. of shear in pins C, F

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

FCD 300 P 750 0

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

We have to check in link BD & in pins B & C

Choose least P = 1.683 kN

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

Choose least load, P = 3.72 kN

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

normal stress in steel plate:

bearing stress between palate and concrete:

info@eng-hs.com 9 4444 260 .

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