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    Since 9/11, the Pakistani government has been under pressure to reform boarding schools. Estimates of madaris enrollment range from fewer than half a million to more than two million. Boarding schools in pakistan have been criticized for their lack of accountability.

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    Since 9/11, the Pakistani government has been under pressure to reform boarding schools. Estimates of madaris enrollment range from fewer than half a million to more than two million. Boarding schools in pakistan have been criticized for their lack of accountability.

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    56 views9 pages

    Madaris Reform

    Uploaded by

    gakibhai
    Since 9/11, the Pakistani government has been under pressure to reform boarding schools. Estimates of madaris enrollment range from fewer than half a million to more than two million. Boarding schools in pakistan have been criticized for their lack of accountability.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Asia Program EDUCATION REFORM IN PAKISTAN: Building for the Future Essays by: ‘Shai Javed Burki Christopher Candland Michelle Riboud ‘Ahsan Saleem ‘Salman Shah United States Agency for international Development World Bank, South Asia Human Development Department Ealited by: Robert M, Hathaway PAKISTAN’S RECENT EXPERIENCE IN REFORMING ISLAMIC EDUCATION ‘Camusrorise CaNDLAND" hen the Soviet Army iid Afhanican, in December \ x F979, it wie i dete. Avge 1988, Psa’ Wnmic houking school were pated for absorbing tne of thousands of Ahan rege chiltien and young ade. Some of these shoo ceed finding an ana Soret jade [ight defense of fh) and were thereby pai a Bulwark again Sov aggression “The take-over of Kabul ty tai amie Banding school suet, tet ally seskes of sowed] in September 1996 and the ataks on New “orks Word Trade Centr ad the US. Peneagon sn September 2001 cas Paki Mamie bounding choos in isting, new Bie Sine September 12,20, the Pakitani government hasbeen der comidenle presure to police the atvities and reform the educational ‘ye of the lic Bounding shoal. tn 2008 and 2002. che govern nent sued to online designed, rpectiey 0 exablch new exn ‘lary blame Bou choot and o reat beer the existing amie Ioaiding schoo What ae the specie of these reform meas? How have thw reforms ben rssined? How cave bane they been? And how might they be made more efetiv? [Esrimarine Mananis ENROLLMENT Recent, madris colinentetimaes hae been keenly contested. How many Paka sadn dy in a egos boarding whol? And what percentage of ttl school enrollment does that epeent? Esinats of nuda enoent range fom ewer han al malin to more than 6 CCheetopner Candland nlion. Because estimates of enzlimens in prvie and public scoot vary aswell, site ofthe percentage of tens sadn in regis Donning chook vary even more wade om fee than 1 percent to a6 uct a much 33 percent, The ange of sites andthe bes ofthe eimates are themselves Import pieces of evidence abou the rae of th man Pakistani society and about scholaip on mans. The wide range of estimates indices thar genenly scholars and edna profionas hae 9 wey weak unesendng of even the base dimensions ofthe man. The ering sais bases fo there ena ndate hat ome choad ‘flcationalprfesionas dns dats source tha other rseancer ead 2 convincing ‘A recent World Bunk study eimates thatthe te eer tan £5,000 mast dens an that fewer tha 1 percent ofthe secondary shool- sing population atends a mada (Anda etl. 2008). The tempt to round the widely ranging exits of mans eon in eae sh sud: But many schol have found the sumptions we or thos eximats tobe problematic The report is se in pat aione alcenis nda sation hourehold wire, ether of which wee designed ‘© page malansenoliest. Indeed, the nition cena doesnot sk about child’ school or mala tenance tasks out adh eld oF edstion” In thon survey of three dri the authors find tee times dhe percentage of sadn in maar etme by the ational esas and the Noel survey. Yer thi survey wa evicted to et sensed by pli school and thus probably ndreimats madi ens ‘ment fr Pakistan a2 whole, which 3 poorty ered by pu chook Farther the exmaplaion dst fewer hin 1 pee of Pakistani primary aged sadn ated! mains, based om the ei that 1 milion st sens ae enelled in priate and public school (GOP 2004) However Inf the chien dop ot bere reaching the fh gre Final the "spor cont 3 made edsction with an eaton in gos schol, 2s suggested bythe ie of the repo. This tn problems with inter rein af he dat, a wil be dacteed belo ‘Many schol find shat esablishmenhsed surveys are moe or thy than sical mnipubon of hecho survey. Patan pbc and fii nthe mince of edition and religious as conduct eas Ishmene surveys of man enallments, These count the number ofS eosin malas, therthn tint enrallents om hoch spon ‘By these eit, betwen 1.7 and 1.9 mon dentin Paka re ‘ducted n mar. The fortereimate comes fom the frmir minister ‘religion is, Mabmood Abmed Chass (CG 2002: 2) The ber est mate comes fom Pakistan pie The number of mals spor tse ‘imate More tant hound mas ar ete with the onerD> ment. ACTest chat many ate thought to operate without egtetion. A ‘yp uhh will eat more thin one hunted chien This, the iil estabishnene surveys enim of nea 2 malo made stedets ‘sot unraisic,An estate of ewer dan 50,000, Whatever the pre= che umber of mada stadens, the Manic boating hook of Pakistan scte not merely the real few whotn govemmect and priate Ishool do nt ach, bua banal segment ofthe popltion Istanic BOARDING SCHOOLS IN PAKISTANI SOCIETY tie ehition ofthe teninology eat teacher im bln banding school themes se wil make the fling dicuson mote proce ve A madzad 3chool fr grades one through ten. Ths, thea of stants in matin typi rans fom Hive Uo siten ees. Chen below the age of teve ae epiallynon-esdential stdens, The plural of mada mada Many eter to Wane boating school 2 di Imada to ding them rom westerns government an priate school, whick were intradced under Beit ele. Din refs to fh Thus, the Usa word ni mig be tasted as “eigios” For study beyond the ten years eed by the mai, ome would send 3 dant oom eral an abode of knowledge, for grades leven and twelve “The daub the, she equate of upper secondary choos inthe Bekish syste, ao Know, in Bran, sth form college. or sty eyo che dana abo, ane soul and jam the quent of 3 cle lege or univers, The, some amie edocator in Paka set hat the names of dhe Pakitn’ Madtssh Edacaton (Esublshment apd ‘Aston of Model Di Madar) Board Oniance 2001 and the Dini Males (egulion and Cone!) Oninnce 2002—aimed 2, epee: tie baking new institutions of limi esto and eforning xi ing anc boarding schon, alleen erly the mata evel ier demonsteate thatthe goterament doesnot adequately understand the trace of amie edt insations. ‘The Pakistni mahasah has only weeny asamed ts present frm, Most of he formally epsered mada were eublihed ding Genera Zin u-Hags tenure (1977-1988) aot ony through the encouragement ofthe sate but ako ofen seth the financial sustice f the ste In 1977, here were a couple hundred mars regieered with he moda cen boards (Maik 1995). By 1988, there were more than 2800 ‘madris registered ith one of de ve mada bouts (GOP 1985, ced se Rahman 204: 7). maar ace sectarian and lean, not the prods of an Mie proach to education bu ofthe mitre police of General Zan nd hs supports For aca deca, the US. government, among oer, poured hundreds of milion of della of weapons into Pakistan, much of through madris, and wed malas seadent to fg» proxy wat in ‘Aianizan, According to the Wishing Pot, the US. goverment re supplied texts to mars loifing and sanctioning war inthe name filam, (Stephens and Orsay 2002, cited in ICG 22:13), 1 only 2 sal fiom of tha money and sage were sine eve the ext decade on curiclam development. on books and scholaships. on teacher and staff ris and 08 fies and amet, the maa ec tor could be tapsformed again—dhit tne into a foundation for tle ance and moderation, esentialtacingr of Mam. Indeed t might be ‘ged ht the US. governmest has 2 moral dury—not merely sate fi imerest—to commit such fan and to help ko repair the damage Alone the maar econ Some malri-—well known to thowe who sudy Pakistani seca in—consine to serve a8 recruitment ground for young mians (Abas 2002, Rane 2004). Many mada ao sociale a police youth puicolarsectarin onginintion or eligows pital pay’ enpectine. General. however, maar are insitions oferta ad ‘twcation (See Candland 2005) Mos have done rematkable jb of c= ing for and educating age populison whose hac neds hae been enily nected by the we. ‘Thee at ve boas [gta hat oversee dhe nitions of Nami tcducaton in thei spective “school” of mic thought ABH, Brel, Deobunds, mts, ad Shia, With the exeption ofthe [Rabtstul-MadirisaMsamia, the Jamast--ilami board, which was ‘ube under the patomage of General Zia a-Hag in 1983, each of ‘hese bands as bes in operation since de te 1950 The boat deter min the curse fhe lamisil eget with them, provide ‘examination questions grade examinations an ie graduation cree ‘aes and diploma. There at ppninately 10,00 intacons of blanc ‘education egsered wid thee Bve boat Roughly 70 percent ate Deokand, 16 perce ave Bah, 5 percent te Jams 4 pet cent Ahl-iHadth, and 3 perce Shin The dienes between these schools of Ishm wil be expined, bre, blow Over the pile two

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