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G I G I
G I G I
Happy Harmono
2.1 ENAMEL
- bagian paling keras dr tubuh,
- tersusun 96 % calcium hidroksiapatit berasal dr epitel
ektoderm.
-struktur gigi yg lain berasal dr mesoderm (ectomesenchyme).
Kristal hidroksiapatit tersusun membtk prisma yg tersusun
sejajar diikat bhn interprismatik
Selama pembentukan, email diletakkan lapis demi lapis.
Pada preparat tampak sbg garisgaris paralel thd permuk.
email. Garis-garis ini disbt Retzius.
Pada tempat ttt terdpt juluran yg memasuki email dr batas
dentin-email disbt enamel tuft.
Bbrp juluran yg masuk dr permuk. bebas disbt lamel email.
Gambar 12.1
A, Garis Retzius / inkremental;
B, Dentino-enamel junction
Gambar 12.2.
A, Stria of Retzius;
B, Enamel tuft;
C, Enamel lamella;
D, Dentino-enamel junction
2.2 DENTIN
Dentin mrpk materi keras = tulang, dgn substansi dasar yg telah
mengapur, dgn banyak serat kolagen.
Garam kalsium terutama dlm bentuk hidrosiapatit.
Juga tdpt garam amorf.
Garam anorganik membentuk 70 % berat dentin.
Dentin tersusun berlapis-lapis paralel thd rongga pulpa.
Lapis satu dgn lapis lain dipisahkan oleh bagian jar. yg kurang
bermineral yg membtk grs inkremental dr Von Ebner.
Dentin ditembus banyak kanalikuli halus yg disbt tubuli dentin yg
berjln scr radier dr rongga pulpa ke email pd mahkota & ke arah
sementum pd akar gigi.
Ada tubuli bercabang & meluas kedlm email disbt Spindel
email.
Tubuli dentin punya juluran protoplasma (serat Tomes) yg
berasal dr odontoblas, yg membatasi dinding pulpa.
Gambar 12.3:
A, Contour line of Owen;
B, Mantle layer of dentin;
C, Circumpulpal layer of
dentin;
D, Dentin tubule;
E, DEJ
Gambar 12.4:
A, Cell-rich zone;
B, Odontoblastic
layer;
C, Cell-free zone;
D, Dentin
E. Pulp core
2.4 SEMENTUM
Sementum punya sifat & struktur yg menyerupai dgn
tulang (45-50% CaOH2P(PO)4) yg berupa lapis tipis
dipermuk. akar gigi.
Lapis sementum dr arah servikal ke apikal gigi makin
tebal. Disekitar apikal sementum mengandung sel-sel
sementosit (sementum selluler),
ttp kearah servikal mengandung sementum aselluler.
Sabut-sbt kolagen ligamen periodontal masuk kedlm
sementum membentuk ikatan didlm struktur semen
disbt sbg Sharpeys fibers.
Pd permuk. luar sementum terdpt sementoblast yg
berfungsi membtk sementum.
TOOTH
Muco-gingival junction
FREE
GINGIVA
Periodontal
ligament
Crest of
Alveolar
bone
ATTACHED
GINGIVA
Alveolar mucosa
lies outside alveolar bone
THECONNECTIVE
TISSUEOFGINGIVA
ISMADEUPOF
MAINLYTYPE1
COLLAGENBUNDLES
WIHSOMETYPE1V
FIBERSBETWEEN
THEBUNDLESAND
INTHEBASEMENT
MEMBRANE.THERE
AREAFEWELASTIC
FIBERSMADEUPOF
ELASTINELAUNIN
ANDOXYTALAN
AMONGTHE
COLLAGENFIBERS.
Gambar 12.5:
A, Periodontal ligament fibers;
B, Sharpey's fibers;
C, Dentino-cementum junction;
D, Cementoblasts;
E, Acellular cementum
Gambar 12.6:
A, Dentin;
B, Cementum;
C, Periodontal ligament;
D, Osteon;
E, Interstitial space;
F, Arrest lines in cribiform
plate;
G, Cribiform plate.
Cribiform
plate
Cancelous
bone
Gambar 12.7:
A, Dental lamina;
B, Mesenchymal
neural crest
Gambar
Bud Stage
Cap stage
Gambar :
Cap stage :
A, Enamel organ;
B, Dental lamina;
C, Vestibular
lamina;
D, Dental Papilla;
E, Dental sac
Gambar 12.11:
A, Cervical loop; B, Least differentiated; C, Most differentiated
6. Sekitar mg 20 tjd apposition yaitu mulai dibtk dentin. Sabutsabut retikuler dibtk dlm pulpa dentin terutama pd batasanya
dgn ameloblast yg disbt sabut dr Korff. Sabut ini bergabung
dgn lamina basalis & menebal disbt membrana primormativa.
Sel-sel mesenkim yg berada didekat membran primormativa
tsb membesar & membtk lapisan yg tdr sel-sel silindris disbt
sel odontoblast.
Root Formation
Hertwigs epithelial
root sheath
Development of root begins after the enamel and dentin formation has
reached the future cementoenamel junction
Epithelial cells of the inner and outer dental epithelium proliferate from the
cervical loop of the enamel organ to form the Hertwigs epithelial root sheath.
The root sheath determines if a tooth has single or multiple roots, is short or
long, or is curved ir straight
Stratum intermedium
Eventually the root sheath will fragment to form several discrete clusters
of epithelial cells known as epithelial cell rests of malassez. These will persist in
adults within the periodontal ligament
The epithelial rests appear as small clusters of epithelial cells which are
located in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the surface of cementum.
They are cellular residues of the embryonic structure known as Hertwig's
epithelial root sheath.
Gambar 12.12:
A, Reduced enamel epithelium; B, Maturative / protective
ameloblasts; C, Capillary
8. Pembentukan sementum
Sesudah pembentukan dentin dimulai mk
epithelial root sheath menghilang.
Sel-sel dr dental sac atau dental follicle dekat
dentin mjd sementoblast & mulailah dibtk
sementum pd permuk. akar gigi, caranya sama
spt pembentukan tulang.
Dental sac jg membtk osteoblast utk tulang proc.
alveolaris & sabut-sabut kolagen yg mrpk
komponen fibrous dr periodontal membran.
The tooth germs that give rise to permanent incisors, canines and premolars form
as a result of further proliferative activity within the dental lamina, lingual to the
deciduous tooth germ
The developing permanent molars have no deciduous predecessor and their tooth
germs originate from the dental lamina that extends posteriorly beneath the oral
epithelium after the jaws have grown
terimakasih