MARKET SPACES IN URBAN

AREAS.

INDIA & MARKET

SPACESOF
A STUDY

BESANT ROAD

AIM, INTRODUCTION &

OBJECTIVES

India is the 2nd most populous nation in the world.

It is the country having most number of urban agglomerations
More number of towns and cities count for more number of Market places
Markets spaces are backbone for a developing urban dwellings.
They are the center for small to medium scale commerce in a large scale
People come to market places for buying necessities on regular basis not just for shopping but also
relaxation.
They offer different types of food, commodities, accessories, electronics and other miscellaneous things.

AIM

Study in detail market spaces in the Besant road stretch of Vijayawada.

OBJECTIVE

Study various aspects of urban design in a market space along with the de-merits and merits.
Analyze the spatial usage of the stretch and create an alternative proposal which in detail creates a
solutions for the problems faced.

NEED FOR STUDY: IN THE STRETCH OF BESANT ROAD

Besant Road is the busiest Market stretch in the city of Vijayawada, the study contributes a broader view
of the current scenario and required for the future development of the stretch.

SCOPE

This study helps in developing futuristic market streets which are both user friendly and easily accessible.

LIMITATIONS

This study is confined to the stretch of Besant road which borders Karl Marx road to the North and
Mahatma Gandhi Road on the South.

MARKET SPACES IN URBAN

AREAS.
Now / Then

A STUDY OF BESANT ROAD

LITERATURE
STUDY

Market spaces are commercial spaces that are used for

selling and buying goods.
Market spaces have a long history with humans right
from the ages of barter system to modern day shopping
streets and malls.
Market streets and spaces are situated in the center of
city.
These spaces are the first formed Downtowns which
are center for trade and commerce, until industrial
revolution.

Functions

Promotes small to medium scale business and street

vendors.
Creates opportunity to showcase crafts and home made
accessories for start ups.
Creates Revenue for Local body through taxes and rents
Places for food courts which offer wide variety of
cuisines at reasonable prices.

Factors of formation

Reason for Development

To improve social activity.

Adapt to the changes that are happening globally.
Increase green spaces and vehicle free streets
Improve the conditions of street vendors by giving them
an identity and scope to standardize their business
Develop the waste management system which makes
market spaces cleaner and more efficient.

One cannot go to different places to buy

different things.
People tend to show interest on places
where different types of goods are available
at single stretch.
This increase the number of shops selling
different products to come to a single place.
As the number of shops increase, the people
come increase which leads to formation of a
vibrant street where small scale street
vendors come to trade their stuff.
This increase the viability of commerce of
different ranges. From High end products to
cheap sell of products.
This leads to formation of a good economic
zone in a town which creates good revenue.

Open Markets

These Markets are accessed by public without

restrictions.
They are held on streets and adjacent shops on a
street.
They are maintained by public bodies like
municipalities.
They are regularized by Authorities on basis of
Zones.

Flea Markets

These are a type of markets where especially, Street

vendors gather together on a particular day or a
week on a selected street.
They are common all over the world.
These types of markets are the stepping stone for
an arising market street.
These types of markets sell different commodities on
a large scale. But with less market value.

Market Streets

Market streets are centralized business streets

where permanent and semi permanent dwellings are
used for commercial activities throughout the year.
These are normally called as markets in India.
Here people come on a regular basis to buy the daily
needs, as every type of commodity is available
through out the year.

Fixed Commodity Market

These type of market falls under both open / closed

market.
Since a particular place in the town is famous for
selling a particular type of good, these types of
markets come into existence.
This type of markets are seen only in some kind of
places.
Their existence is entirely dependant on a particular
type of commodity. And if that commodity is non
existent, these markets become obsolete.
Ex: Fruit Market, Vegetable Market, Meat Market
etc.,

INTRODUCTION TO TYPEs OF MARKET

SPACES

INTRODUCTION TO TYPES OF MARKET

SPACES
Fixed Commodity
Market
These type of market falls under both open / closed
market.
Since a particular place in the town is famous for selling
a particular type of good, these types of markets come
into existence.
This type of markets are seen only in some kind of
places.
Their existence is entirely dependant on a particular type
CLOSED
MARKETS
of commodity.
And if that commodity is non existent,
These
type
of Markets
are
confined to a single building or a
these
markets
become
obsolete.
structure
or multiple
a closed
compound.
Ex: Fruit
Market, buildings
VegetableinMarket,
Meat
Market etc.,
They are generally maintained by private persons.
These types of markets are seen in big metropolitan areas
and developing cities.
They normally sell commodities at a higher price due to
cost of maintenance.
They are generally confined to areas where people can
afford to buy goods at a higher price.

Fixed Commodity
Markets

MALLS/COMPLEXES
These are high end shopping places where luxurious goods
are available at a single place.
Malls and complexes are confined to bigger cities.
They are huge structures where one can get a good
shopping experience but at a price.
They don't create much revenue to the government but to
private persons who maintain them.
Some of these complexes [ex: BDA Complex(s)] are
maintained by metropolitan authorities.

Shopping Mall /
Complex

SOCIETIES/UNIONS
These are fixed commodity markets which are formed by
trade unions producing or acquiring goods of similar type.
They are generally seen in smaller towns.
Generally, these markets are owned by societies under the
assistance or aid from banks or governments.
They don't produce much direct revenue as they are
exempted from paying certain rents and duties as
promotion from governments.

Societies / Unions

COMPONENTS OF A GOOD MARKET

SPACE
Availability of vast
spectrum of goods
Generally people visit markets to buy all sorts of
goods at a time. So, Availability of a vast spectrum of
goods plays a major role in the development of
market spaces.
This also increase the viability of growth as a
central business district of the town and give a scope
for authorities for taking necessary measures for the
development of the square

Cleanliness
Clean markets are always first option for people to
visit. Because they increase the hygiene and allows
users to have a good shopping experience. So, Waste
management and proper drainage systems are a
must for the market area.

Free movement
Free movement of vehicles and pedestrians is a
good sign of a good market. So, Pavements and roads
should be designed according to the population.

Parking facility
As most of the markets are filled with pedestrians,
Vehicular movement is difficult most of the times. So,
there must be a parking space provided for both
visitors and the shop keepers to avoid the hassle.

Pavements
Pavements are better for pedestrians. So,
pavements should be provided for the safety of
people in the market spaces. They are more easy to
walk on when compared to asphalt surface which is
more suitable for vehicles.

COMPONENTS OF A GOOD MARKET

SPACE
Shelter
Pergolas, Street furniture give the markets a
unique touch. They increase the number of
visits by people as they allow people visiting to
relax and have some shade.

Easy access
Markets that are easily accessible by people
are the most visited markets. Access to all the
shops in the markets also makes it a good
market space as everyone can come enjoy it
even without shopping.

Proper regularization(Zoning)
Regularization and proper permits to all the
shops helps maintain the markets beauty. This
in turn helps in maintaining the road widths
and proper movement across the market.
Also providing certain space for the vendors
on street and allocating them licenses helps in
having a contributing
good governance.
Reason
Re-Design of Besant

Road

Over Crowding
Narrow lanes which are regularized but
have high pedestrian and vehicular
movement.
Un-regularized street vendors.
Improper Waste management.
Minute amount of amenities provided.

India

Andhra
Pradesh

Krishna
District

History

Vijayawada is the second most populous city in the state of

Andhra Pradesh and is the administrative capital of the state.
Besant road is the most busiest street in the city of Vijayawada,
which is infamous for its street shopping, food and commerce.
This street is named after the famous Human rights activist of
the 19th century Anne Besant

Vijayawada

Culture

As it is a main center of commerce, people from different

regions of India, settled here which resulted in a vibrant multi
cultural society.
Sikh community is a major minority of city apart from Muslims
and Christians.
Being a religious center for all the religions from the historical
times made this city an example for communal harmony.
The city is famous for Dusserah celebrations.

Besant Road

Mean Sea Level

Vijayawada is located between 16.5083

N latitude and 80.6417 E longitude.
Itselevation is 75 feet and 6 inches (23
meters) from the Mean sea level.

Economy

Vijayawada is the Commercial capital of

the state of Andhra Pradesh with an
annual GDP of ~ $3Billion ( 130 Billion)
It is a center for Agro, Textiles, Logistics
and small scale consumer Industries.
Besant Road is one of its major hub of
textile and small scale Wholesale
Business.
It has a De-notified IT Hub which was
Initiated by previous governments and
industries like BPCL, HPCL and IOC are
located in the vicinity.

Topography
There are four types of soils in the Vijayawada area,
viz., Black cotton soils(58%),Sandy clay loams(23%),
Red loamy soils (17%), Sandysoils (2%).
The sandy clay loamsformed along river.
The black cotton soil is most extensive and occurs in
POPULATION
Western
part.
Total no. of Slums in Vijayawada city numbers
123,228 in which population of 451,231 resides. This
is around 43.62% of total population of Vijayawada
city.
As most population lives in conditions below the
poverty line, Market streets are important to serve
them for a mere prices when compared to super
markets

Black cotton soil Sandy Clay Loams

Red lomy soil

Sandy soil

Climate Data
Average temperatures range
between 28-32C through out
the year.
The months of August,
September (South west
Monsoons) and October,
November, December (North
east Monsoons) receive
moderate to heavy rainfall
Winters in Vijayawada last
from the mid of December till
January.
Long summers from March
until Late weeks of June makes
this area vulnerable for people
coming from temperate
regions. In summer, here the
Connectivity
average daily temperature can
By
Busto 43C which is very
go up
Vijayawada has the largest bus terminal in India, Pundit
high.
Nehru Bus Terminal, The chosen site is 2km away from the
terminal and can be accessed using a local bus.

By Rail
Vijayawada Railway station is a junction and located on the
main line of Delhi Chennai and Chennai Kolkata, making
it one of the busiest in the country. The site is located
approximately about 1.5km from the junction.

Air
Nearest Airport is located at Gannavaram which is about
18km North east of the city.

Road Views
(Existing)

DESKTOP STUDY : DILLI HAAT

DILLI HAAT,
INA

MAP SHOWING DILLI

HAAT, INA

Timings
PLAN OF DILLI HAAT, INA HIGHLIGHTING
10:00 am - 10:00 pm (all days open)
Address
VARIOUS ZONES
Dilli Haat (opposite INA Market), Sri Aurobindo Marg A Unit of Delhi Tourism
Accessibility
Dilli Haat, INA Market is accessed through INA underground station of Delhi Metro, which opened in 2010.
It is situated on Ring Road Near AIIMS. From NDLS Rly station you can reach by Delhi Metro. From Delhi Airport You
can Reach by bus crossing AIIMS.
Entrance
Dilli Haat INA is open to public, 10.30 am to 10.00 pm., seven days a week, at a nominal entrance fee, Rs.20(Adult),
and Rs.10 for (Children).

DESKTOP STUDY : DILLI HAAT

SERVI
CE
ENTR
Y

CENTRAL
PLAZA

ENTR
Y

STAL
LS
PARKING

KEY PLAN OF DILLI HAAT

DILLI HAAT TOURISM

The Dilli haat Tourism provides the craftsmen who are registered with the D.C.Handicrafts to
place their things in the bazaar.
There are 62 in all stalls that are allotted to the craftsmen from different part of India on 15
days rotational basis, so that each and every craftsman gets opportunity to place their things
and products for sale.
They have to pay a mere amount of INR 100/- for a period of 15 days. This methodology ensures
that the visitors can buy the things at the prices that are not inflated by the high cost of
maintenance.
The visitors can also enjoy the authentic dishes served from different regions of India under
single roof. The food plaza in the Dilli haat offers the multi cuisine like momos of Sikkim, Kahwa
& Kebabs of Jammu, Bamboos hot chicken of Nagaland, Pooranpoli of Maharashtra and Dhokla
of Gujarat.
There are 25 different stalls that offer dishes representing different regions of India and they
are served in a Eco friendly way.

DESKTOP STUDY : DILLI HAAT

Located on Aurobindo Marg, opposite to the bustling INA

market, DILLI HAAT is ajoint collaboration between the New
Delhi Municipal Corporation and the Delhi Tourism and
Transportation Department.

Dilli Haat was set up to promote the Indian handicrafts

industry and cuisine. Spread across 6 acres of land,this
bazaar showcases a variety of stalls selling handicraft items.

With more than 60 stalls in the bazaar, craftsmen from all over
India come here to showcase their products.

The stalls are allotted to the craftsmen for 15 days and is then
rotated so that other sellers get an opportunity to exhibit and
sell their products.

And for the foodies,Dilli Haat has a food plaza where you can
get to taste the culinary delights from the different parts of
India.

A vacant land near the metro station on S V Road is all set to

turn into a permanent village fairselling interesting facets of
rural Karnataka, that includes art works, handicrafts and food
along the lines of Dilli Haat.

Strong reminder of the

architecture prevalent in
northern parts of India

The place is full of greenery

with the blooming plants and
this adds more color to the
already beautiful place.

TREES MAINLY FOUND

NEEM
PEEPAL
ASHOKA
BANYAN
PARKING
PARKING FOR 45 CARS
20 TWO WHEELERS

Ramps provided for

physically handicapped
people

Visitors get to buy authentic

wares at prices that have not
been inflated by high costs

Market
Structures
Street
Semi
Mobile
Street
Un
Covered
Hawkers
covered
permanent
Carts
belong
that
Extension
belong
Extension
toStructures
structures
Shops(Perm
to Streeto
O
Structures Belonging to shops
These are the structures that are used
by shop keepers to showcase their
merchandise in front of their shops.
They can be either covered or
uncovered.
These extensions sometimes are
permanent and some semi-permanent

Covered Extension
These are semi permanent roof
coverings extended on the shop
frontages to protect the goods that are
kept in front of the shop.
These mainly are not legal but can be
removed easily during a road extension

Uncovered Extension
Showcasing the merchandise without
any protection on the road in front of
the shop
Normally these kind of displays are
kept on the road and are taken back by
evening

Type

Semi permanent
(Covered)

Semi permanent
(Un covered)

Commodities
they sell

Number Present

CLOTHES
FOOTWEAR
ACCESSORIES
BAGS
ELECTRONICS
FOOD
MISCELLANEOUS
_________________
Total

6
5
3
2
6
9
_________________
31

CLOTHES
FOOTWEAR
ACCESSORIES
BAGS
ELECTRONICS
FOOD
MISCELLANEOUS
_______________
Total

5
1
4
1
________________
11

Structures belonging to Street vendors

These are either semi permanent or
mobile carts used by street vendors to
sell their products.
These are solely dependant on season,
vendors stock and time of the day.
These type of structures also depend on
the frontage permission given by the
owner of property.

Type

Commodities

Number Present

Mobile Carts

CLOTHES
FOOTWEAR
ACCESSORIES
BAGS
ELECTRONICS
FOOD
MISCELLANEOU
S
______________
Total

14
11
4
5
1
27
1
______________
63

CLOTHES
FOOTWEAR
ACCESSORIES
BAGS
ELECTRONICS
FOOD
MISCELLANEOU
S
______________
Total

12
9
3
2
1
4
7
______________
38

CLOTHES
FOOTWEAR
ACCESSORIES
BAGS
ELECTRONICS
FOOD
MISCELLANEOU
S
______________
Total

9
3
4
8
______________
24

Semi permanent structures occupying

inactive frontages
The Vendor stalls that use the frontage
of a property by taking the permission
of the owner of the property, which is
not covered from roof. The Space taken
generally is 150x200cm
These vendor stalls normally are
movable but, they instead keep it on the
site as a semi-permanent structure

Semi
permanent
(Covered)

Mobile Carts
Are the carts that either occupy
frontage with the permission of the
owner or on the streets without any
permission.
There are Several types of carts based
on the type of Commodity they sell
Their sizes vary from 1.5x0.75m to
0.50x0.50m

Semi
permanent (Un
covered)

BANDAR ROAD

KARL MARX ROAD

EXTENTS OF BESANT ROAD

BUILDING LAYOUT OF BESANT

ROAD

SITE BOUNDARIES , LAYOUTS & MAPS

DRAINAGE
LAYOUT

SEMI UNDER GROUND DRAIN

LAYOUT
OPEN DRAIN
LAYOUT

Detailed Site
Measurements
Of road width
(Centralized) and Site to
be developed.

Problems Studied
Over Crowding
Open Electricity Lines
No Proper Zoning
Open Drainage
No Proper Parking facility

Problems Studied Vs. Proposed Solutions

Open Power Lines

Open power lines in the
stretch has been reported
by the local dwellers as a
problem during the site
study.
Cable lines, Electricity
lines and Telephone lines
are present on the same
pole making it a mess and
hazardous to the workers.
This is also causing
frequent electricity cut,
which is because of the
constant repairs due to
the tangled lines.

Electricity Tunnel
Underground electricity,
Telephone, Security and
Media Lines help make the
road clean and free from
tangled wires above the
ground floor.
Improper electricity lines can
cause a huge mishap in the
neighborhood as they are
highly charged and cause
short circuit.
The tangled telephone wires
on the Electricity poles
cause more mess

Problems Studied Vs. Proposed Solutions

Pavem
Providing elevatedent
pavements for
passive pedestrians and paved
road for active pedestrians makes
congestion free and easily
accessible.

Paved
Road

Pavement And Paved Roads

An elevated pavement of 30cm is
provided on both the sides for
slow moving pedestrians.
This comes in a wave pattern
with a minimum width of 2.5m to
maximum of 4.4 m.

Problems Studied Vs. Proposed Solutions

Sewage Pipe
Storm water Outlet

Open Drainage
This is the most needed amenity
for the stretch.
Open drainage floods when there
is heavy rain.
The sewage is blocked by waste
material and plastic which is
accumulated in the open canal.
So, an underground sewage
system can solve the problem of
waste clogging.

Under ground drainage

system
900mm Diameter pipe is used for
central sewage system.
The pipe is centrally placed on
the pavement for maintenance.
Storm Water Outlet
Storm water outlets are placed near
pavement to let the storm water out
separately without any connection
to sewage pipe.
This storm water can be collected
directly near water treatment plant
and sanitized and utilized for the
public usage.
A0.50m square pipe is used for the
storm water collection.

Pergolas and Central lighting

Shelter is a good amenity that can be given on any pedestrianised
stretch. This allows Public to have shade in case of rain or hot
climate.
Vijayawada being one of the cities with highest recorded
temperatures and un expected monsoon rains, Pergolas are helpful
for public who come on an odd day.
Central Lighting system which is now being developed with solar
powered technology, creates an off grid light source saving
electricity and giving light to the entire stretch.
A height of 5m is given for the central lighting
A height of 3m is given for the pergola which is a standard

Underground
Drainage
is provided
This
eliminates the
problemsystem
of shopping
on odd in
days with extreme
the stretch
for a wide number of reasons.
weather
conditions.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Open drainage cause over flooding

Constant cleaning is required
Foul smell is inevitable
Aesthetic value of the stretch is decreased
to a large extent

Sewage pipe from Building(0.15m

Dia)
Collector Pipe (0.30 - 0.50
Dia)
Ground Cover
This Underground Sewage system collects water
regularly and with no openings in between, The
waste is not percolated.
This results in a clean and constant flowing
sewage water, thus an end to the problem of open
and percolated drainage.

Food Court and Flea

Market

Problems Studied Vs. Proposed Solutions

Parking Lot
Parking facility is an already
existing amenity given by the
authority. But, Improper Zoning
and no proper pathways inside
made it vulnerable to survive for
long. It sits nearly abandoned for
4 wheelers and two wheelers
occupy some of the space.
Ramp width of 6mts and floor
height of 4m is provided
Ramp angle of 30 is provided
for upper floors

A separate food court is

provided for food vendors
on the streets which
makes it easy to taste
different types of food at a
single place.
An integrated flea market
for hawkers selling
accessories and small
things makes it easy to
shop while having snacks.
This integration of
different vendors also
makes it easy for
authorities to prevent on
road hawking.

Shops For Street

Vendors(Vending Zones)
Street Vendors are given a
special license in the near
future, Which gives a hope
of getting a structure for
lease in that particular area.
These Vendors are
vulnerable to rain and hot
sun.
Providing a separate space
for these vendors makes the
stretch more lively and
congestion free.
Problems Studied Vs. Proposed Solutions

Open Air Auditorium

This is a busy business center
and also a center for social
gathering during festivals like
dusserah.
A lot of public protests are
carried in this stretch, as it leads
to Lenin center. (Named after
Vladimir Lenin who is a socialist)
A place For social gatherings is
very useful for this stretch as it
prevents un necessary blockages
of roads.

Boulders
Boulders and Planters are placed in
the junctions to prevent the entry of
vehicles.
This also makes an aesthetically
appealing

Tree Junctions
Tree junctions are great place for
seating. Making a good platform
around the tree makes it a good
seating spot through out the day. This
also is a tradition to spend leisure
time in rural India

String Lighting

String Lighting gives the street a good

look and also saves electricity to a
large extent
Placing String lighting at junctions also
acts as a barrier for not letting heavy
vehicles enter the narrow lanes.

Street Furniture
Providing street furniture like benches
for the pedestrians is a good idea in
the development of a street that is
pedestrianised.
This allows people to relax while
shopping and wait for the people to
Amenity
& Extra Proposals
join
them.

Final View of the Proposed Stretch of Besant Road.