1s THE ESSAYISTIC SPIRIT Literature, Modern Criticism, and the Essay CLAIRE DE OBALDIA CLARENDON PRESS - OXFORDdia eke maf ned any Pes yx Cy Pn Yo Aria No pat of i pen ay pe, sodas gaate Ces Rea mam "ep prc a se Ue sale i eset et ya ng he ui teaede fins a nicer atom "Cas Bae i i ra of ea sens atu of en "Sy ip ce ey omen ete cairns ie coat “ar irae ans Po ‘iy Cn an a yf Crs an Pain Das ia 1 ny 2 Sr ey gens ‘toe sae tne oye tb png Det a ot see ae Acknowledgements Mr wansrst thinks goto Aan Jase, Terence Cave, Drstan War, and th ay for thei unig mopar and enarapement ouput the Fgh (ting std emting ofthe tes fom which hs bok ore, cao.vil Contents 1, Sepals and Men Without Quis 2 Eau, Bingo nd Polyphonic Novel 4 Hams) 0 Novelist” 6 POSTSCRIPT: BORGES, OR THE ESSAYI 1. The Eye as Mater of Modern Fon 2h Word wT TTA Game of Siting Minors 2 Tin and “To 4, Debra Tehniqes of Anachronism 23 eo 28 28 ‘ 1 Literature in potentia “Tp intensive concen with eerie aie in eet tines hs cay shown that piteor potas Bose of -sking progres in ths Bel, te question of “fem amas woe of the mow ili erry tery. Whether append ‘Sneeze diachronic then remix ation with sig red edge, Never whe ad ecmen doe scm ext 10 Wis Sean ty pn ya to ume extent, novel the ey away appear = pricy protcmatic fare ring, nen or espally—ebere te ser pmo pec eategey ofthe sali leary say is anced. Diver foes inthe decrpsons af te gee, whether they ate bse on stra | eject or on te sy of the frm tanya ine, ate exten Some age | thatthe cations inte mesning othe wore’ re Oto thet ht he | ere aie rest fom oe county tthe next Othesand his iste ese fr ot strc ofthe ead ot even reset tm gee they conette on individ! csi with 4 marked emphasis othe boprapicl and j rales ed they soem tase ta ac ey-strctare is the india cous, tht thee mo enya oly ea tay sea thre ae eee, This cok! wel be rte byte et that meat of thc fer bck oth fil ode ofthe pare, to Motes, Itose Ena be inl decried a the only ook ois Kn he wor, ro ‘ist in the eae of beng ster wane unmistatble author at in the sens af ‘being the cxpesion af the aubur's nen (book fone substance with ts prope oan it ay) a indincable xenon fle thers ave gone fara arora Montage’ famous chi the ‘miguenes fhe pec ot el to et ht hee te 5 many esas thee “ae saps, but cnen more Merl tat Ro be as eve writen es afer [Montaigne tat tear the only ey that xt nthe proper ans of the word* | And yet some eriteron mast have determined the possiblity of groping together ‘none fay the npresve st hat makes up what he average ee a Keatre ami, ie i en bi hie ap Coie Met, Boge fs Cane a eee ah Seems Pao ee eer eterna erty ered ee et ea2 Lire pein as come to rengize athe et trade’ of esayits—Montigne, Bacto, ‘Same Beye, Renn, Alin, Barthes Addon, Stee, Joon, La, Hac, (Orwel, Woal Eo, Emerson, Henn, Mann, Unsmna, Ore, Borges, ee The Sey act of sein vr fet pal eas, however tated, Sgt that “rc and shoe the diferent pte of te form thre mt remain ee hing cle thee” which an be tified by et fdtinte fees. Por nip thecosany ofthese etre canal the dein of the wordy 10 te roghy the bane, whether ne Ins up im an Engl, German, French, Shunh, or Sune Amero disor. However, acer lok ths operical cory itn of the ey sows the ering cosets the in at agreement onthe ueremnenbl inter tmey ofthe gene. In it, the ane common cepted fac abut the esis {hat indterminny i germane to wr emence The eer eymoopal evidence, ‘es ulomphindy brands ome pnt whe in ties on he es ‘Toon emir of what wea al supposed to bnow and should under 0 ‘Srumstancs be alone to gt ht the wor sa" cams fo she French ‘Grand ese to atten, to eperimen 0 yea, nd forthe ack rom the Tain eagom eihing an eet anes, amin it os roa anges, tat ner esha or memati “They i ey ele rm and 0 er sine i rgd with he {enuy Penh wie Mawar Hewed at stn of pling ms ani ens {ne ing im ing. And he rly ped ther ees arma ‘uy ing heme “The esy in an exenllyambultry and gentry pose fom, I ection npc, the ack thio fflow, cn Be hanged at wil ence rage tay or paratace’ sttre. Rather tha proesing i finer and planed Fahim, the esey deep sand 4 namter of pis which of themes tong the way And this string fo oe tps the mest tgeter withthe ‘rer in whch cach topic infers ied ou? agp tertatens3 ase= Tan isbn» andres wig ies cue the ning cone — ‘ota, sma, pd pragmatic of Yeoiabl eerie en nde the Sppuetandones of he yt which ssl enced by the nti of {Rly sens tog hand in and with an apart el radon in the (Geman) che of abjectmater the re of top! aa othe ey foment infinite the mnt serous the mos ev—and chs subverts {Ee prince according to wich ne Sxgater ert nds f material a ceptable wheeling wer Ths indeterminacy aso neva ffs the [fracmatc mension ofthe ta Between weer and read. The very word ‘ay dren the e's ron of expecation, rit aoc with rate poten 5 the stort and aubencty fsmsone who speak is his he owe mane, Mo docks al esponty with pd what feral oly "lou and ich thrive der, x ese, othe isi of ftion- AS wth the es ha ich enuy the only ane af tnd, our the eto efton icky fiber the quai of whether he ay ca be faded ae genre x, o (Thetir tight rpsent be very dei fg oral ha, he hyphens ofthe ea’ amen is most fin tackled fom he pit of ew of raters and thus pte: The esas est- neo resign enti pneric contours fends to be ustibed above {Bly the ar hat carbines sexing array mist of erry hater isc aiy fo ncrport the ques of any oe ofthe thee Aistrean ‘Geis fhe ithe drama, an the eee, een owe eal of thes tpt —makes it tray yb Ks conection with the cer f the [Gerth yout wally sxe underibth genta or arc Stractare—~ome whic, unk hat of lal ordered Ucn, ils be {oe of smoctins, nape, mesphorr—and Trerounds the sl he saya Fine the proces yng, An ey poet wo the etn tat tutor pens oe ing wo hina rater han ees Ths the poetic esa il Garay tale the fom of «mean ‘overeaby the read The enon on the thr ha ca be dented wth the ess we of Spot mma in he fo of heres mech a 8 at oF aon Tah the ena comes nest ere whi since Paw’ ‘logs ha ren wed time snd agin 4 means of presenting ies rum the Di a iw of an author wo preset, at al ont perform the utes of Fiirector’Iistrough te ato ein mented above, of sproing = the mater fm diferent angle, of ching argument for ad gant he ine heat mad fon ns hat topic under inveigon becomes theajet of loge onthe epi alls, ‘eeu suet orm the etre of tytelingin the eal om, fet fal of examples crate shat maraies suppose oss oF Ever moral injunction atthe tne of Montagne’ Eablet ‘gation of the cys more general inna to sae of late ater Aanoeach Jew ners) This tures the aint arate Ino repre dry a on penne sb even ether om his oo experienc, ‘hen the highly prema strap mension reval arom ebes’ whe {moe mp, jure try" aed? The es. hen, may Dem ‘ve, drama oF pccdepending on whch alle prevail-—eritmay bell “tse he rea mig we inom new Ft mane ins ey sn Oe ce an 4genes hich ambit of Merry tas confine I is bvous hat + Lieto thee ability to vera wth hse ators isch hat wen xing “The ey an Oe Forms of Ltt’ same thorns re sponte “The Ex a Pot "The Essay ar iy, and "The sy a Str’ emphasis aed) [Althe tove cnributs tn tring he sit aoa) most which cam be Secchi any dton® Ard hs old wel xpi the ele of the ere Tuy stud the ste and pater och mae aos pros foer—the tele rc the ut clim to ban open-ended, heterogenous a= of (etic for at suber and rites exing tess inthis wy. AS pasa fame comment or teri who dare to write “ths nove, {hs ot seams to be ewe with erapaciy tht very ouch ress Incompetence Sil be gna af he novel spo prevented ts le frm tring dametaly opened tthe minor, maria oe of the ey in erry "The prob, inthe end sme t be hat the very tons of ere and ene remain sus fo the ne, ven hough heaters en pata of {he lary, snd otis over cateartion a ‘rary ey One ‘loot br be avare that uk the nove, which in te aus of try has So aul propel fun stats maria (a or sub-tera)geare © tectne a esperbl ger, numa to mb the notion of earl ‘mn cde’ and writer maids, te ey hs de ile progres fo ‘er in starting-point snd cmt ob edd frm he ei of Her fur, Or ater, to somite mater, he die beeen the Keay and the {tates opertes within he province af the ey te This box ae pone fist ofall to an evaanove diereznce beeen sayy ae the {Shy apne, The wok of he exis Inte ve ae i ten amie {othe can of eray work, et tia done nth fer he pamoton othe ere fal As Claio un deplore, even within the bounds of Wester Ttratur,the pat dvon in urate rams and yi as een ns ‘Sent for several eis now. The ie ofthe nya one ceri since Montigee, ot spurious or marginal Stary pear has made the pat gute ‘Gor Sina Alt Power, who in hr Bok never queton the leary Sto ofthe En ba old wo the evidence thatthe easy i ane af the en With ay ther fear he en's potent contiuin to entre depend hom te bry coterie fle that termine canons, The bunds which ‘met cuore and exc ot ad frm the elm of Seat it sub of Las Tey (il Se ach of cme imc Me man ing Soe Serre CAPR sce moe kein ey i ty es Pe cnc er Sa say wd Py ¥ Hs ey alin Lice Speen, Rae a an yee 5 iors, 2 hat i ote ems oft ind he ey i kel apes on one or thee deo the Merry main scoring to the prod. Montage’ Esa, fr cumple cmege tne when te connie trate ina och owdet ner ting then sn allencompusing notion nich ca be we interchangeably Ait cence simply o deat april of Kore sk Alo a8 owe himself pst os work an Bete erste by Sa tat i when itinerary na practi or Genie way, when ta ees to fenton ten and can therefore eevee ts ileal uae’ frit pete vin’ Thi doubt ree ply the unequivocal erry Sot the Et oti day, dei» eadingtndeny to exc sch fos from the inseam Inthe nd weve, the rel ature of he divergence sens tute more oda with the Ht thatthe tension eres at We en Co) {the Ira an the etry is nbrent inthe ery lp ofthe ene” On {heen had the forma the ey mesa member of rte nd dor, or fore thors gran the ight to eablh ful ae fourth Heary eae msde the ber thee" On the athe had the conten of the ey the ct thot concerned with eas kimstely alesse ciety by an author to 2 tender, ain the gre primarily to the eteguy of diac, expository, of (Gt writing Ins ara the ey nena gayi persion oa os Sins pres fam, an agit, the sec organization of he materia Tein striae tothe westen of a vet or anton that ex ne dspace, oa leo et wich the cay lately coma t ling the aut abut, tath which he hilt mowerabe fr The ret of his tft Yevecn frm and content etn th ot es Snscomnise her at Aldea a art From the pia ew of see o phish the sy “too tsi concen withthe raters of writing let thi dos oot ‘ice idly tami the peor it the ean of sealed reve ot imaginative Frere The ey thn isnt so ch ec rm the real of iterate a 6- ped to th ate aris orerne postin bares the purely Herary | the purely scenic or piso ger» cogil ty those & ther ges which Alsi Power mow appropriately soup under the cone frre pt CUSSRaiS Se tere ink Seema moe ten i oveme Site od Se oaciget anmeysaaacos Sy aa [ar melted anan locale aa at Ea Amen: Pn etm(6 Literature in poesia Aci tt teal anceps, rex ran apf gee, ‘Scop se tee by ancy a at pra Tse cere ges ‘Ste tpt Ky fe dart, sod ae he pe Kn Rd ths ‘ce ged slo af nS forms, bapa, le ay, ‘Sitshow They ary Hoe Among ese ‘neighboring frms—to which ne coulda he auebigraphy the Tete, th sermon, the tin te apr, tthe sa ea pry ond ‘Specine, ora wall signe ember of theo i seems mt to faction ‘Senet term forte pup m4 whe, ded, concrete examples othe Fen ‘Sah joy the we ofthe word ey catchall oe no-etalroeworks (mite Jeng Thy show how fey cates the founda of, Tine forms thas each nd htfre sharing combining nub bir repre ears, nthe se wy hat theoretical ventory of exiting (Say nl dade the marae, dramatic or meditative ey wl a nde ‘De hisorea the biogsapbi, the autbvpapie the porsche epistlas, the dni eaey In acy snc the ey fend t expt some of these evils easy fr eich the erry opanizaton its mater, this eond exer canbe repel atx subeateuy, one which ani cum be ‘olen down ne anther uber nen he fie in rn of he word "Soa is mde deat the ngs ofthe coy’ nore subvert towards hs objet (inthe cane ofthe oie, the polemic, he meditate, the setento the peso o he relive eyo ame but 2 ew") or ‘ample te dale the aural eid of the e's raat dimension, bat the dope abo be soci with thee and with he ‘poke’ As or the parative apes four ene is bownd wo compas at kat the stair pia wich can inure be soca wt th esl ith terete, {biographical snd Bary, Above allan ar with rr genes weer freee and cya stry” were wel more ks interchange the Fa ‘komen indeterminacy ofthe ey erable eter with an wo De ex ‘ely aoe of eiphbouring rms As wells the ary of txts ied ‘Tike pet dino of nay refer above pial st of amples thas Tie incre Pat's Dau, See's Epis 0 Lan, St Augustine's Ces Date Semon, Descartes Malian highs, Pass Pes, La Reckliwsuls Max, Diderots Excl and Letra php, ‘Stopes Fragment and Noval’ drat, Netsch'lperi, Shopetate Pores nl Parone texte af te met, Kieu» gir ies nd shor sori, Suet Mant, Harte nd Lei’ seleparats—and aims : ng pears nace ita naan agree ¥ Wine isnvemry oven Shut th ee ly ew app tengo eee i on eed sere For ern nd ws de cms eopty fe Manto snd hs efoto’ wl ae de et et ce tn fy Ofc fa ei eyed Si toms at sy and sel the sof shape or Senn’ may td ve toi: A ek toning vein the fea rele othe ony wh sence apr ts fora ia eam lot tse pre gp a ih ce ein ave he cn ris wk is yt tgp ove este i ane she wer of Pn, Cer Be aed ceed hei eatin ttn nl ooo in, thei Sn and Pt Perse of mpin see hich temperment i, ects, Tlf oc te empl egy Fn hr he Serdopmen the cy dened inte of tc he ony 0 4 ayo het ces tn dna, ar ine it Systinet port nie wan ese eee ccs hn abe cen se ay he epcine tobe deamination of "respective traditions. The exact nature of the connection between our genre and: I te peda, herve renee cotind eeey e tem rl grr way cpl dr th omens ch t= eee eet eee Sur vee apen cg Th oye er reed bt arent de or ty ance en has mike pst tebe fess owe yet hey canoe xt icin a tt non t yte tha e oe eae Seca cere Seae are fi nyt osm pren whch wetter th cp bes apy me eet he he os rel th myo he cy ah sd ws tind hese unin cio tay tral owe he cose sy tren nied oer eee Bees fens een Th rn of ran pc inh awa eh te fame tp Gua Dal aks re HEE Teh PS Er (ah conten ea br daa sag Se Ge ermak 8 Lier i prea cosy exemplifies must therefore be tle om Yosh 2 synch and a da hoc perspeive “The Heraty srt tht most meine comes to mind when thinking about Aisa sor of eaytelaie ra cerain concer wth ye Thee, no ‘ocr wha fon choc appear i scored be rary fst and Teter by vc of ng wel or ley ween, In hs spect he die ‘Senco ues such ax Plo, Ciro, rar or Ses fr he merece of Sec do primary with acing he Sy to expres thugs ai ‘Bulbs ih the ran refnement of an art of imagine pose’ What is ‘eel stv fn of thot and sy; and juices we ofthe dramatic a, and prc chet fren above sone way, peel of ching The ace, The mastering of tril and pot devices nes, hyperbole, (Beton the we of trpen the atenin to prey and thy, all of ‘Thun dred we with et sphiicaon i Monti’s Ena coiute {Depron fect dup nee prne’" Nevers, ope Lows that Ifa he ost med nde ofthe nay’ conan to err, Tieton asl died the pore en see, a fle i proms eninge at most aie, rac, oF folous. ‘Pare acai t ‘Vispia Weal nh ey on “The Modern Esai the prince t which ‘Secyhing inthe cy shuld be subordinate Yet™se wars in ber own tot Merry evs fee nit. ie ane so mets an be pla 1 ey ‘oie rte hae Sangre ttn. Wee wo a of eames. Sites wth ie nd of Emr ns sw od ea of ping ‘STeing aaron ith ger pale wh pet eet, nde EERE in own spe wife te papsn« Chrtnre tre | SSESSSTS Ut dey at th he ay afer The emption w dora ret |e the my be te it “The mt abvios itil forthe ey then, can ovr nian towards fre wach set-in prope 0B ie "ere, "ring the sens soe Tm Smet Cy nt fin ke eo LSE rer Re aan a Pew or ‘TE Wath Mote Te Cn Re a8 SAP NEI ner mim eve ne EE reel ac cnayeian moe Laer poten 9 “hing fbi ster tha 2 dict rection te I is understood, Baer tat sl dese in his rays the mst sper aspect of wa the ey and lnerature hive In common. To emp the gene's belettic ‘Spirtns no et ob id anybing a all about eset marr’ a (Georg Laks pits ut is ay on the ey. For oe would eerie be feng tt whatever well write ea work fa and his woud ave: fecude sich thing a's wel-wrtenadvertaemest or few tem” Virgin ‘ool he amet bu pee oth dept the sindicanr hich she wes to pccure’ in couy-ting and eyeing, Her continuing ites inthe rove is dcrmined more rina by the covicon, shared BY mist 95, {har the ey bes within apolar pur tt anal a of ¢ corse” Ati eit maiaine ereston of ear, yd eam nia, they ing aided by a sit crete for Hamel” "The nt gue acount of thine, crea le wich Mens he eas to the ars it be fd Gog akc ey on the en via he aa of ening the main pons of which ave ice Den wanserbed in cerer {ers by Gran Good in his onn work on the sy. Lalis draws 2 parle teween eying ad ortiting 2a thet ts tbe eet 2 [alec halve ee neta me and Fut el at Imarnatve pn The nay res fr and ange crete ees a ‘abc jo the same wy tha potitst crets the ‘iene i ier”) "Thapar peat dane by ebseving and recor the eats” of the ‘jet ne in of al contrat oases makes the segura bev Fes come to le iene” Mos sina, prva-panting—and by Shtesion conyers the aio el them in repeseig {hein oh site the porns by etenson he essai as ere= entsit orn Hkensnhepting oUt the created image bth “HL” the Site and “ke the at, ee «sonerence of ini Mente. ® What “Tac lle the stop of the es) fr tah wl thus ake the for of an ‘incaaon-—wbethe of man an epoch, or 2 frm’ abd the sce of his Bi agers it inci om ett eae ae era Bees renerra te ee esa ea erse crane Rocce ereet anes eee ; eee eee es noneches of rmberpretohe P eit in ptetia seul the apc of the mite et (a) canes to ws this sgeesin of ht ENB ei Jopend on the nya th wor nit int Se the aa main et yn] ot of isin te ekg of tes, Se Tekin’ English predersors—Walam Hasire” s must bo aaah inte te atmophere ther ae, een o oaks Onl By ‘hating hs maguaton can he emit reat () ie it and lee te Fe his etn ay that ae a more mtr sens of ruth than wold Sido dnepin, Gram Gs cess of ame of Henry Jess ave LAP Jamers poets of dotpdon’ his ws of meray and ese of plas, SSETDSeeE rat ofthe yim wih the eof entity of «partici ee skdon can be rsa, More fia pean Vigna Wools mop ew of texling nd eri (which Gro abo discuss) aan cant ne ofthe stor i an aterpt oboe him of Be and Peed oh ot her wig nda * nit tie for Laks, ae Geman thers ae st mest ofthe can BU the Eee PSST See und the work of ay stata be” Tn Taki’ (Se the quran ofthe en's Bdooging there of eran the i Pree Jute onde teeie raed ers of the eset ata cass wath af ath m of the e's aeqton ofthe eee eerste os stacy cadet the wrk ofa wich dieses, Now if {Secs at econ at he re of all ey es more oes wba sr RE Me esa ecm wth she ey, om the te han cond ian aay of ccm af nen” cricam—feed (or inthe procs of Pee Aa) a ts tana, aborting oe Laks oto ofthe Fee cee mimetic athe eine einer that the res which Bnd Ln ws ebjers by theo” oa fs ie) ae by m0 ee rei Since Moraine’ En, vo ane il deny the cots the gh {equ from eee but bing rege to provide the cresponing ee aT donut fr example, ot deed to gue at all accra he TSESSrs chen jet server mot 8a pretest fr the dscusion af ube Tsou ndunpstatemi taal clio 2 neon tre ee pie epeen soem inn Hu Eas um he Price of Human As i nepmeenenpnn cnet ce Ca mn min ta ay in i an an eel ae a en ed 1 irae spain 18 tnt artis ert ro th tet hte emai carci the oy Sebiaten fel “ota and pee Ea ‘i bee Terenas dele and. pls hir= ierextly pais’ bs] | hy Between and cindy dour, the patie pes ct and plses_| | “primary and sey diciurseoone evel In thi eps, the ince of T | | Tea apna eatin rat Waer Poe Reyes came sete tien eae tel ct mn sey ep (tna on nd cy rey Pt Send See sees areca ee chs ct ereeraeees ceo restate cites ipmrccrawe artthecri don nicl o aseal vont creer cto en pact deiracpe eee Tea hr pe of ln coin of Becta Meus cay mer fen e Fe Ses ke ts csp tem vcs ay ens acca ieee eon aoe pene oan Te nmaneatn sa aye Be rs a oa ee ieee ee nae eee SSS ee PES vo suse sa tapas Speccepecie rca neg cnn oe Det eg ens p* Sastre tent ee og fect pl Cepany ore pres acl Apa pa scarp acs aay caer eee paca snp, cp ct ap Brin td iy sano ere Noes Se erred Ppa ape Tae mage ey et ge fein y ncn nse ip eae ore poser Peas ra camp gpa Gomes crepe Septelghanlpea beam | eer ere ipiersarerr iy Pei (a echet yeni ne ema tty Be vine satin append paral oso a aves kgs em spar, | eT ees pera bp orm a etme its na y12 Lire in ptetia fe is poey the best-nown Kind fc to mai the tation om the Stata the type-in te wadion oftheir ee of thea Serer efth Bond gue, The mow mous carpe ae af urs Te Tat, TS Sede and Addison nrc character spore epee the ai ena pox frm the pot of Yew of Sonal autortor Teer Tron Sects pumps, ‘Thi game with the fsion/reaty die is aro ote len tte eiar—seme of wih are ni Seiad ae esate ony gus af Th Spc, The Rambler, casio cea ween and Thee Sunol Johnson wl in tr aot al af Aon oe tiie tal tbr an ote haat bot sae pear, deans ers and talks thet support he tioning Fence Shanes Lamb's ‘he Eamya of El the ix sees in The London noe ren casi writen by El a seaoigapic smi Sonal ar euler, whe Wil Hants es which acid Gian Good, can be secn ‘chars’ foe Kind ater eerie de scene, an enn, of 4 war fa) ab Tecurenty we re adam i web tr’ In every et, te explataton af esa a cee which mnfessthe i's pparen emancipation om a natu be ido be motivated by an acute peseton frets atoll iat oak pose «ore sense perepion of teu Tht, one mms rconies the spc of ther rose fxm, tha of he ‘orl selon Dm Qatar, ees fom the above dha 2 ree ee te wn iene he ain sovtitents te nrel—the ey urns ee Foc Henry Janes, the De ei oe whe aorta id tp fe athe novelt makes his puppet aul fo ‘Tels Woul, water Puc san explary eis not much fr the wealth air edge ot iw” wich reins with ws ws, sch 6 we Won novel where eestingcotrbutes orig the weit’ one wee etre un The en tht god esting oul rena the let are Goan and espe in the frm ofthe noel spot abit, T the rn et a of Sr Sli as anh eo re en lO 7 kn i mised Tn Gi Te rg a nti eect ap nd Wonk i Moder Es Cran tan fom tocnge mimi ea ben te Literate in poten 33 prvi to talib ist paral banen es and ov on he Bats rite common ait to combine Ierary modes But the rl convegece ft {hth Nseries phish cinjunctre which determines the emergence the two gers a fp the ane pro Inthe same may hatte esi ‘aly sen ohare wo funder the Penchman (or Cane) Montane nd the Enlstiman Bas, ae can atthe ise ofthe navel esis vo rest ‘memes or stapes One tert crepe tothe Continent appearance of the roe inthe Renssance (Cervantes wally thought wo be the st proper owls) he other to the emergence ofthe Enlih nove inthe ry eich evry Ton Wat's sled ook The Roe of te Nove: Stabs of efor, Tilurion end Feline has made the crests sounding the ra ofthe Egsh noel more fam to, But his examinaon carly apis vo the se the nov in Eee fo be args fom the pot of vw ofthe paral ‘Sonistation of the piso and cary fnovaons dha ave resale fr “Te vst anformatn of Western cation sinc the Remsince’* What is ‘iui ndly crabs tte enya form af thts, pilo- opti and o some extent formally al tet ei!" bath of wich 0 fund in hand with the rie of Dory sdtluasm According 0 Wat the ftanoematian of Westen ciation th tse af the Renaissance es many ‘Tpitopicl shit fm univer 0 procs. The nied wel pire of JME Malle Ages i replace bya oder world whch presents ws eset ich an agree of prc nid. Coresonding, den lsh Gl vesiom which eiiates mainly i Descartes and Locke (ut ao ines lune and Berle) elaborated om the pin hat reality apprehended have aby the sere, hat the part of wth ia whl india ate, 3 oto of vida expen, whch i aay argue and therfore aways et The novel wich dao wi pric experiences april ines rd pera pce sapped tobe he form of erate which mos Sly es help oh al ein bh a al and nna with reprd wo the Boy of ust asus and tena bce tte galery vehi” fa eultare which inthe bat few cmc, as valerie money and arzialty to an unprecedented depres, Sng al tn preformed, ren-tnde mode” "Tan howe ld beside wel of ees, despite Wat's ema that Scie gn thatthe end in fivvarof xg fund is fet power presi in Engng and inthe eighteens cena (which als curious Glas the re of he Cannel nore). Mowtigne’s Ess ae an eq tn Wat, io he Nt Sd ie rn dn 3 1 ea ee Sa sat ni Sera SE Whe fie ERS acta ay om mtdie pial pb ‘(l 1) Comer poe pn he Rese of hts fms atin 0 ‘Reimann nina ad gas. This cre ain de ‘2 tron af cmpno cls of oan of Sec ad er mone ser pe mccarthy ma test weet pnel car nd cal odo athe ae he ee deme {SSAC key es ce comin cn isn flr betes SERN he hn nl Ty seed cma SEES er er tecnico thy ese Toa The coc mer or coe wich hey mas Stow cnr nual myn onda tes te wits oo Sahel et rus eh yf ig ud on on [erionte genase vn ope i ete Sewn Er ax pened pracy se rena ead er ‘Milo ig emery ae) ey cnet thc ral mame an sh ohn in td wh be pom of | Nenu sujet They em to cmbody more direct than ary ober ger ofthe eral the modern assumption sated mainly ith Desares tat uth i ‘er of iain evpeence d cnsirne Lie tbe nove, they Eur ricer enperinces arcu es dt parc pcs andres the ct, {atthe senses ae the ening an the eo of haman knoe In ft, tot the French ad he Hogs ai, the ey and its 'ratves (he eter, the dalogac the metaon, the inguy,ec) coud be deserted 2 the mut tne cry vhs the new soph describe hy an Wat that of {Trem mre popular noe of psopiing mich, He te sence othe tins, Purp ke preomiantyemptil(hnvwlge bed on experienc) and {thie ene prominence to men's’ of agement and paces ori {rycen common man ar everbody kaos them the ene of vei ‘Sons the sane ay tht ‘eveything the stl of etn "verging en be Sth ete sta oh sy, One recognizes the poplring or vlring of ‘hsb set, an generly call esa constant inthe eof The ey fom Monte (ho the sto write he veracl)t Virinia ‘Woof who cts her es-inown role of esas ae Johnson's ation of “The common reader Though he ae a ach erry sures (which ts © Mahe ep Pe of te Lay Sn Mee meng ot ham tig gig wl ee tls me tm oe ea Tibet era Ch onto nd aa Pas Rete et ante ranqe tage oo ry Titman “al ated Ge t,t We Mien iis Wo tte} ap ely me ley in Go 2 neccesary mse peas Se omen aby a Selo ame a SSSR pes or on St er eps Ra nb me Lara poset 15 pilsopbes nw men fetes m0 it rary ai), the sim is wo ata. the tention ofa starving audience wha fe pnd eats and iseraton wo dif ord, t ‘compromise betwee the its andthe le ‘tucatd,betnee the bellies and eos instuctn thar catering, ike thenovel forthe "pals ane for informatie, pevig entering, cay readin So frst conclaon canbe damn with teu the sats of the ey “ertre spun apes tht the sais tchigues of err, of fiom and of there in purus (stb the ena cme of carci, sting, and ensues) athe means by which ame ofthe nda ema ‘efered to above are supped wo have proven ter exclence. Ath sme tine, weve, thse re th ery meas by which the pn lo sent ake te ‘en wih mater" an ea which sgests 4 deviation oe the nal rae tnd which eters the comply betwen sy and eatre/ ata the Persive and ary tlre baroving famine gece fr a older, moe ‘Sb brother. On te one hand then, i teeny” of the sy’s tet terry sat which art eval, On te ths petty ‘eth theesay tit imi, been the province fe re mature OF cour, the smite between cy and fito/noel can ely be mewured apie Aireces: the Ick ofan ote pot and f+ eon in the cine of _churces are an bins ern of direntitin Above al the ey’ ‘ace towards (tbe mitra, what he mean byt the ae. Pr lot {nd charac ted be sed a cal rations fo ne pit er rn the ‘yan in he stint, the nat wl ne ny sch mater ean inde tensor pete wotlk tou bina (rhe) a (eal) pean eveything til be subordinated wo the sel-dniton ofthe cnt “Raely fever do the feos Sviusy nee withthe genuinenst the yi] conden fo the “dspuises' of the exe re uly transparent.” Or ae they? To em secoring to sndard defeiton, fot ut thie sd one ining = from Lilies perspecne—to deine snd crate enel inthe very poe of fing nd cretng the objec ot hand. Thus he genre ero, hap at other ger dor, the reltomsip between imagination nd wrtng. betwee the pen of the emai made offs and Mood snd the emit dete eae a fy on bo gr lh et fine tie nn a at be els Da Stic Eu ace nt Ea Eel Ey sed Es eT arf al, i he wl pe ie To Rdg Pi ek hens Nee nher ree Cs Re ip eB aa (eer caret gece i nore cared eens pie orp Sto ee rn eer ea oe a "sea ‘ie tape ann Cs vm et 7 ce sega A a ap 8«Stace erence ofthe" oe 6 Lite poten Ce ant st rom st ge cane i neo ee eno cern ma ao ge Tapene Seer ly posers pera icon maser Serene ee ome ser nt pent pe eng : Seoges mares: mi ee ppc at ac 1 deve the es er eo. se py ped the an tail er me Th iy a deux re do. wt edn) sion a he sar The pro of enn bre pe i hrs ond ec er See cr ede und eons rt nd fron» poe) cen ed om merce oi uy ah feel rs ea pn eet rc ‘ein e y ch con be me rie ts i e ecson of e “po hb of hee” Te er cr a te cn apne aly ae ed et a tC slot Enh i a say i eye pogo ee (an Wat hati i we righ ao may De th thi, fom anh devs spe th ey a em eo eat regi wei ty ae a vin ten of ire et rc rhe oy at re nt Orr oe eho a aol hehe Ter dee ces Eg ey athe ery fof ee ‘Sa i en sk a Sen Te hed Cs 1 ager ube fo re SERRE cacao ate Lire in poten 17 Ahoogh they are ot yet «short on they ae the lt fr 0 Ff a sort rts For fan Wat and Banamy Dubeee ao, The Tae and The Speer ‘the ay forthe nove: Ste sd Addon se al he devi the ater Eins had ugh them-the phish hob he dsr he charac ETE and hey deyelped and welled them tgte il hei volumes SEAR dacay nthe novel Wha the pment of the est a precursor Tema orto rn the eltneip between ean owen. “Fees ttre tn cn > supe ee abc an eda ee ced ga hg ee each. Thee that the Engh noel ‘ew sre nc more epnate lent which had wed he period eay at mei ee alegre shre-soes and chart seche, and terre as 1 moc fr the dele a thee es inert by Steck’ concomitant ‘thc tan the cae (pia oy wie espanstle or Te eiening that it ad ten neo the means own undoing’ So ee eTnoel whch cud in sense be id 0 mak the cuination ofthe Alison of Simapnaive prow’ tefl inthe peviows secon. The nore keke cry eony redundant peel Because i develop dhe ars aso tual wchnigoes othe fal ptt, Uinatelyit ppess Fe eworking” ofthe ey not eat by vit of epeesing a fr~ the re sopisated Bcise reine) sage the enbodiment of te nluphy that undries both eae nce thnking about the ey the prevalence of the etme sense of sre rt inthe dpcenct of the nun the exy—wbich denotes 2 Feria ee raeby te eb Yo emu hich deste « retonshinof Tera amen erry pare oan ac (he ct of ying th son wang up to someting se: the gee i presen terms of Sesto ao ee Th shit rm "heey ing rengiably Ppt Salaneos) tte of ierayHstory and of then writers "Sho the ier compracs espe weten before the rate "proper In termined test consl- trans ashen bys rarspesive cram which pst-dates the advent ofthe “My unre and con the env of emits (Adon and Sel) but so of “teavaetand“reaive wv’ (Vrni Weal Jorge Lis Bors) a “ings nt SEL Eg eh ly Ea C249. SRR TESA ee hen i Hs MT ae tet hfs Ma Th pi a an seme Shr ‘ie pn er rie, rng, tpigenr ois eect en Fa The ny Rie oe Neth Cm Se i Visi al nea Eat a fyb, brn « woe iia iti aati