Sheades1

EirynSheades
Ms.Kirkpatrick
AP/ECEEnglish12
10/9/15
ThePerversionofHumanRights:TheTruthBehindtheRapeCulture
Eversincethebeginningofhumancivilization,mankindhasimposedviolentactson
others.CaesarconqueredmuchoftheMediterranean,Hitlerevokedmassgenocide,andHassein
publicallykilledhisowncitizens.Theseactionsprovidepoweranddominance,allowingmanto
slowlyclimbtothetopofthehierarchy.Rapeandsexualassaultisnoexceptiontothisviolence.
Thestigmarevolvingaroundrapeanditsserioussideeffectsresultinasocietybuilton
vulnerabilityandaggression.Thisperversionisespeciallyobviouswhensexualattacksresultin
raperelatedposttraumaticstressdisorder(RRPTSD),amentalillnesscontractedbybrutal
events.Thisdiagnosisinvolvesrepetitiveflashbacksandfearsregardingasexualassault.The
overwhelmingstigmaandcompleteinvalidationofraperelatedposttraumaticstresssurvivorsis
correlateddirectlytothemediasportrayalofsexualassault,associetysympathizeswiththe
perpetratorsandintensifiessurvivorsculpabilities.Itisonlythroughtheabsoluteeducational
reformthatsocietywilldiscoverthenecessityofprivacyandrespectregardinganyindividual
afflictedbymentalillness.
TheoverbearingsocialstigmaofRRPTSDfurtherdemoralizesrapesurvivors,asverbal
assaultmirrorsthedehumanizingphysicalattack.Manyindividualsdonotunderstandthe
definitionofconsentconsentisdefinedasuncoruptpermissionandallowanceforaneventto
takeplace.Incases,membersofsocietybelievethatifapersonisundertheinfluenceofdrugs,
alcohol,orisunabletospeak,itdoesnotconstituterape.Instead,theindividualbelievesthatitis
his/hersrighttohavesexwiththeaffectedperson,astheydidnotdirectlystatetheydidnot

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wantintercourse.InNicholasKristofsarticletitledWhentheRapistDoesntSeeItasRape,
thistruthisrevealed.Withrapepervasiveincollege,Kristofinterviewsayoungmanwhohas
admittedtotakingadvantageofintoxicatedwomen.Kristofssubjectconveyshiscasualattitude
andsenseofentitlementbyweaklyjustifying,Shetriedtopushmeoff,soIpushedherback
down....Imean,shewassoplasteredthatsheprobablydidntknowwhatwasgoingon,
anyway(Kristof).Thisactionisanactofsexualassaultandrape,asthefemaledidnotwishto
havesexualintercourse.However,thesocialstigmaofthemisunderstandingofsexisportrayed
themandidnotdefinehisactionsasrape.Instead,Kristofexplainstheexertionofperpetrators
selfassigneddominationas,
...
[Frank]kepthisarmacrossherchest,bythebaseofherneck,
toreducehersquirmingashehadsexwithher.Whenhewasfinished,hedressedandreturnedto
theparty(Kristof).Thenonchalantattitudeconcerningtherapeprovesthatthereisalackof
severityconsideringthegravityoftheevent.Frankcontinuedon,intothepartytoperhaps
preyonotherwomen,oblivioustothefactthathehadalteredanotherpersonslifeforthe
remainderofeternity.ThiswomancoulddevelopRRPTSDfromtheexperienceandneverplace
faithinanotherpartner,eveniftheywouldneverseektoharmher.Itisthisperversionofnatural
humanrightsthatemphasizestheappallingaspectsofrapeanditsconsequences.Theunceasing
dilemmaisonlycontinuedwhenagenerationdoesnotproperlyinformtheproceeding.
Thesocietalstigmaofrapeisperpetratedwiththedelusionwomenwishtobeassaulted,
asitisanoutlettogainattentionfromothers.Ininstances,peopleclaimvictimsaskforit.
Theyinferthatthewayanindividualdresses,acts,ortalksisevidenceenoughthattheywishto
havesex,andthereforeanotherhastherighttoassaultthem.Ignoranceequatestosociety
condoningrape.JohnHamlin,employedbytheUniversityofMinnesota,combatsthisclaim.In

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hisListofRapeMyths,hedismissesthisinvalidationofrapesurvivorsbystressing,Research
hasfoundthatthevastmajorityofrapesareplanned.Rapeistheresponsibilityoftherapist
alone.Women,childrenandmenofeveryage,physicaltypeanddemeanorareraped.
Opportunityisthemostimportantfactordeterminingwhenagivenrapistwillrape(Hamlin).
Thisconceptshouldbeunderstooduniversallyhowever,itisnotprioritized.Manystillbelieve,
evenwiththeawarenessofcontemporarysupportsystems,thatwomenaskandwanttoberaped.
Itcanbeviewedthatthesefactorsareinvalid,aswomenandmenarerapedinconservative
attire,andwhentheyaresimplywalkingdownastreet.However,evenifanindividualis
wearingnoclothingandactingsensually,thereisnojustificationtohavesexualintercoursewith
theindividualiftheydonotgiveconsent.Yet,thisisnotunderstood,thereforeexacerbatingthe
stigmaofrapeandRRPTSD
ThecompleteandutterdisregardofRRPTSDsurvivorsaftertheassaultprovesto
exacerbatethestigmaofthementalillness,asitfurthersthedraconianconsequencesofthe
illness.Whenanindividualshareshis/herstoryofanassaulttoatrustedperson,toooftenthey
willbetoldthattheyshouldforgettheeventorgetoverit.Thisstigmathatitiseasytoreclaim
normalcyvandalizes,assurvivorsviewsthemselvesasweak.Hamlinemphasizestheinhumane
attitudesofsocietybyillustratingtheselfishviewpointsofoutsiders,confirming,
Thisadvice
generallycomesfrompeoplewhoaremoreconcernedwiththeirownfeelingsthanthevictim's
(Hamlin).Theselfishactionsthatentailthisresponserevealhowsocietydoesnotassociate
sexualassaultwithviolenceifapersonwasstabbed,he/shewouldnotbetoldtosimplyforget
aboutitandcontinueonwiththeirlifewithoutproperhealing.Itistheculturalstigmathat
resultsinpeopleregardingrapeinadifferentmanner.Sincethereisnotasystemforhealing,

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severeoccurrencescanhappentoapersonafflictedby
RRPTSD
.InaNewYorkAlliance
AgainstSexualAssaultarticle,itisprioritizedthatrapevictimsare,
13.4timesmorelikelyto
havetwoormoremajoralcoholproblemsandtwentysixtimesmorelikelytohavetwoormore
majorseriousdrugabuseproblems(NYAASA).Itisafallacyinhumannaturethatthiscan
occur,andhumanitystillplacesdismissalonthesurvivor.Thus,itisnotthevictimsthatcreate
thestigma,butrathersocietythatintensifiesit.
Theprevalenceofsocialstigmainsocialmediaisoverbearingforthesufferersof
RRPTSD,asitcreatestheillusionthattherearenomembersofsocietywhowishtoaidor
connecttothem.Themediaoftenactsasabracefortheidealsthatthevictimisatfault,
succeedinginplantingthesethoughtsinimpressionableminds.Portrayalofthisisevident
throughthebiasofnewsreporters.Reportersmayplacepersonalviewpointsintotheircoverage
stories,spreadinghostilebeliefsaboutrapesurvivorsacrosssignificantaudiences.Aregrettable
exampleofthisoccurrenceisthecaseoftheSteubenvillerape.Ayounggirlwasgangrapedby
twostarhighschoolfootballplayers,whothenuploadedfootageoftheassaultonline.Thegirl,
unlikemanyothers,wenttotheproperauthoritiesandthecasewenttocourt.Afterasuccessful
guiltyconvictionoftherape,manyindividualswereelatedtoseejusticeforrapevictims.
However,inapopularnewsstation,CNN,areporterwasupsetbytheverdict.InhisarticleErik
Wempledescribesthenewswomansopinion,contestinghersupportofrapecultureandstigma.
Wemplereplaysthemanuscriptofthenewsreport,whichconfessesthedismissalofthesurvivor
byemphasizing,Itwasincrediblyemotionalincrediblydifficultevenforanoutsiderlike
metowatchwhathappenedasthesetwoyoungmenthathadsuchpromisingfutures,star
footballplayers,verygoodstudents,literallywatchedastheybelievetheirlifefellapart

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(Wemple).Thisisacompleteadmittancetosupportofrapists,andinvalidationonthesurvivor.
Thefootballplayersliveswerenotaffectedbyjudicialdecisionsinstead,theydecidedto
decimatetheirlivesandanotherwhentheymadethechoicetorapeaninnocentgirl.Yet,society
stillplacesinvalidationonthesurvivor,asitishertoblame,forshewasintoxicatedand
thereforejustlydeservedtoberaped.Socialmediamustceasethisportrayalofsupportfor
perpetrators,foritonlysucceedsinincreasingthestigmaofrapeandmentalillnessesrelatedto
it,notawardingawarenessregardingit.
Thecoverageofrapeinsocialmediaisdisastrouswhenplacedinthecapabilitiesof
uneducatedmembersofsociety,asitresultsintheescalationoftheisolationandabsenceof
privacyrapesurvivorsexperienceamongtheirpeers.Thereisamultitudeofnewscoveragein
whicharapevictimistelevised,solelybecausefellowstudentsamplifiedtheirexperienceof
rapeandintensifiedtheirRRPTSD.Unfortunately,theseinvasionsofprivacyandhealingresult
inattemptedorsuccessfulsuicide.ThecaseofAudriePottisnoexceptiontothisupwardtrend.
Thisfifteenyearold,ahighschoolsophomore,wasgangrapedataparty.AuthorofTheDark
SideofSocialMedia:ANewWaytoRape,RebeccaCampbellscoldssegregationofrape
survivorsinsocietybyrecounting,...[Audrie]wassexuallyassaultedbymultipleyoungmen,
whotookphotosandcirculatedthemintheirhighschoolofmorethan1,000students.Notlong
afterward,Audrie,devastatedandhopeless,committedsuicide(Campbell).Inmanycases,this
isthenorm.ThelawwasnotinvolvedwithAudriescase,andtheelementofcyberbullyingwas
dismissed.Thefearandsocialpressurefeltbyrapesurvivorscanbedirectlycorrelatedtohow
socialmediaportraysrapesincethereisalsobiasisthejudicialsystemitself,Campbelldivulges
thisjustifiedfearbydisclosing,Onaverage,
86%ofsexualassaults
thatarereportedtothe

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policeareneverpassedalongtoprosecutorseventobeconsideredforprosecution(Campbell).
Thereisnopossiblesolutionforthisdilemmaifsocialmediacontinuestoabuserapesurvivors
andbelittletheirmentalillnesses.Notonlyisrapeanelementofentertainmentforthebigoted
highschoolstudents,butalsofortheremainderofsociety.Thetormentingandconsistent
remindersofasurvivorsassaultworsenstheircondition,furtheringanystigmathatmaybe
prevalentincontemporarysociety.
AlthoughtherearemanycasesinwhichmediahasportrayedRRPTSDascrude
entertainment,instancesinwhichmentalillnessisdemonstratedinarelatablemannerallowsfor
personalconnectionswheretheyotherwisewouldbeextinct.Whenmoviesandtelevisionshows
depictpositiveimagesofmentalillness,itmustbereinforced,asitisararecommoditythatis
necessaryinthemodernera.ApopularexampleofthisisthefilmThePerksofBeinga
Wallflower.Thismovie,basedbythebookofthesamename,sharesthetaleofateenager
namedCharliewhoisstrugglingtocreatereliablefriends.Theplotseemslikethatofanormal
highschoolinspiredfilm:theboyfallsfortheoutgoinggirl,hideshisfeelings,becomesa
treasuredpartofthefriendgroup,andtheboyandgirlshareakiss.However,itbecomesobvious
itisnotatypicalstory.Throughouttheentiretyofthefilm,Charliewritestoafriendwhohas
committedsuicide,aswellasexperiencingflashbackstoacertainevent.Itisnotuntiltheclimax
thattheaudienceunderstandsthatCharliewasrapedbyhisaunt,wholaterdiedinacarcrashthe
nightoftheassault.ThismovieprovidesthemeansforthesocietyofRRPTSDsufferersto
connecttoalargescalepresenceinsteadofbelievingthattheyaretheonlypeopletoever
experiencearape,theyaregivenamaincharacterinanextremelypopularfilmthatisdaringly
similartothem.NotonlyisCharlieamalewhoisraped,buthealsoundergoesflashbacksand

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anxiety,resonatingwithRRPTSDvictims.Charlieisasymbol,onethatmustbefollowedby
therestofsociety.Hischaracteroffersavoicetootherswhoconsiderthemselvesabnormal.If
mediaproducesmoviescomparativetoThePerksofBeingaWallflowerincontrastto
alienatingrapesurvivorsthroughconsistentstigmatization,therightsofRRPTSDsurvivors
wouldbesignificantlyrecaptured.
InordertoeliminatethesocialstigmaofRRPTSD,thorougheducationregardingrape
andmentalillnessmustbepublicallyavailablefromanearlyage,asitisthroughproper
teachingsthatindividualsunderstandthegreatpriorityofsexualsafety.Itisvitaltothe
communitythatpeoplearetaughttheproperprocedurestoengaginginsexualintercoursethis
meansnotonlyprotectingagainstsexualinfections,butalsoconsent.Inhealthclasses,students
arenotdirectlyeducatedonrape.Forexample,CoventryHighSchooldoesnotdirectlyclaim
whatconsentistheinstructormayreiteratetotheirpupilstonotrapebutdoesnotdelveinto
detail.Thisleavesyoung,impressionableindividualsquestioningwhatexactlyrapeorsexis.
Thisconfusioniscontinuouslymeddledwith,asthemediaportrayssexinharsh,forceful
manners.CoventryHighSchoolisnottheonlypublicschooltobesubjectedtothislackof
universaleducationregardingrape.Schoolsaroundthenationandglobearenotprivytothis
vitalknowledge.Therefore,ifayoungpersonviewsahusbandforcefullytouchinghiswife,they
mayperceivethisasacceptable:one,becauseitishiswife,andtwo,sinceitisonthescreen,it
mustbeacceptable.Imagineindividuals,allacrossthenation,notunderstandingthecruelty
behindthisviolationofhumanrightsifconsentinimplantedinmindslongbeforeadulthood,
significantchangewouldoccur.AccordingtoTheRefuge,arefugeforthoseafflictedbymental
illness,Oneinevery33menhaveexperiencedanattemptedorcompletedrapeinhislifetime

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(Rape).Thisstatisticcouldbedrasticallydecreasedifallofsocietyunderstoodtheexact
definitionofconsent.Thisadditionalcurriculumtoanyhealthcoursewouldsignificantly
decreasetheamountofrapesplaguingsociety,andthereforereduceRRPTSD.
Ceasingofthedehumanizationofrapesurvivorsiscrucialtoreformingtherapeculture,
asinvalidationprovestoexpandthestigmaofhelplessnessandalienationinthoseaffectedby
sexualassault.Casesinwhichasurvivorisplacedtoblameforrapeandtheirmentalillness
exacerbatesthestigma,andthereforemustbediscontinued.Thisdismissalofhumanrightsisa
leadingfactorinwhyrapesurvivorsdonotsharetheirstoryandreportittotheproper
authorities.Dr.Kilpatrickamplifiesthisingrainedpanic,declaring,...
66%ofrecentrape
victimssaytheyworryaboutbeingblamed(Kilpatrick),asthisiswhatsocietyhasscoldedin
pastandrecenthistory.Ifthisworrycontinues,moreandmorerapistwillnotbeprosecuted,
onlyresultinginmoresexualviolations.RRPTSDvictimsmustbeallowedtimeandpatienceto
heal,andnotbedismissedbecauseofthisprocess.Thebeliefthatrapesurvivorsarelyingabout
theirassaultandthereforedonotdeservetobeheardanddefendedneedstobeeliminatedforall
minds,asitisthisidealthatlimitssociety.Byriddingthecommunityofvictimblamingand
increasingtheconvictionofperpetrators,societycanevolveintoaharmoniousnation,notone
committedtoviolenceanddomination.
Privacyandconfidentialitymustbeprioritizedinsocietyviatheexclusionofmediain
rapecases,asitisthesurvivor'srighttonotbesubjectedtotheenforcedstigmasthatdisturbthe
RRPTSD
community.Allacrossthespanofsocialmedia,rapeisdepictedinvariousmanners:
suicides,assaults,andconvictionsareplacedonadisplayforallofsocietytoview,asitisa
sourceofentertainment.Dr.Kilpatricksstudydemonstratesthedestructivenatureofthese

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activitiesonrapesurvivors,demonstrating,womenrapedwithinthelastfiveyearsaremore
likelytobeconcernedaboutthepossibilityoftheirnamesbeingpublishedthanallrapevictims
(60%vs.50%)(Kilpatrick).Overall,womensandmensfearsofbeingonnationaltelevision
asaresultoftheirrapeisjustified,asthereisnoevidencetodisprovetheovercoverageofthis
topic.Thisrealityisshamefulandbarbaric,asrapeandRRPTSDisnotmeantfortheentire
communityitismeanttobeapersonalmatterforthesurvivortoprocess.Ifthereisanecessity
ofsharingareportforthesafetyoftheentirepublic,itmustbedonewithoutthenameofthe
survivorbeingtold,asthiscouldcompromiseamultitudeofpersonalrelationships.Individuals
maynotwishtotelltheirfriendsorfamilies,asitmayresultinthembeingshamedbythepeople
closesttothem.Thus,privacyisvitaltorapeandRRPTSDcases,asitisthroughthis
confidentialitythatsocietycanprioritizethereformationoftherapeculture.
Societiesofallnature'sattempttorevolvearoundjusticeandfreedom.Iftheseelements
arenotsuccessful,thereisanunbalancebetweencultureandtheindividual.RRPTSDisdirectly
correlatedtothisincident,asrapeculturelimitsthenaturallawsthatarevitaltoanycommunity.
Ifeducationandrespectarenotgiventothoseafflictedbytheseviolentacts,thensocietywill
dissolveintoanarchy.Soon,ifthesereformsarenotaddressedtothefullestnature,theoppressed
willgaintheunitytorise,decimatingtherapecultureandallthosethathavepersonallyfinanced
it.Itisasparkofstigmatizationthatcandestroyapreviouslyadvancednationanditwillbea
sparkregardingintolerationofthebreachingofnaturallawsthatwillrebuildittoitsformer
dignityandglory.

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WorksCited
Campbell,Rebecca."TheDarkSideofSocialMedia:ANewWaytoRape."
CNN
.N.p.,17Apr.
2013.Web.29Sept.2015.
"Factsheets:RapeRelatedPosttraumaticStressDisorder."
NewYorkCityAllianceAgainst
SexualAssault
.N.p.,n.d.Web.29Sept.2015.
Kilpatrick,DeanG."TheMentalHealthImpactofRape."
MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina
.
Kristof,Nicholas."WhentheRapistDoesntSeeItasRape."
NewYorkTimes
.N.p.,23May
2015.Web.29Sept.2015.
Hamlin,John."RapeMyths."
SociologyofRape
.UniversityofMinnesotaDuluth,n.d.Web.29
Sept.2015.
"RapeRelatedTraumaTreatment."
RefugeRapeRelatedTraumaTreatmentComments
.N.p.,
n.d.Web.07Oct.2015.
Wemple,Erik."CNNIsGettingHammeredforSteubenvilleCoverage."
TheWashingtonPost
.
N.p.,18Mar.2013.Web.29Sept.2015.

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AnnotatedBibliography
Campbell,Rebecca."TheDarkSideofSocialMedia:ANewWaytoRape."
CNN
.N.p.,17Apr.
2013.Web.29Sept.2015.
Thisarticledetailsthecripplingaffectsrapeanditssocialstigmacanhaveonsurvivors.In
thisexample,youngAudriePott,afterfacinghumiliationandattacksinherschool
environment,killedherselfinordertoescapethepain.Thearticle,writtenbyRebecca
Campbell,takesastanceonthehorrorsthatthestigmaofrapecanhaveonvictims.The
authorattackssocietyforallowingayounggirltobetorturedinthiswaynotonlywasshe
gangraped,butalsotormentedatschoolforherexperience.Throughreliableinterviews
andstaggeringstatistics,thesocialstigmaisrevealedforwhatittrulyis:amethodto
demenethesurvivorsandsufferingsofrapeandRRPTSD.
"Factsheets:RapeRelatedPosttraumaticStressDisorder."
NewYorkCityAllianceAgainst
SexualAssault
.N.p.,n.d.Web.29Sept.2015.
Thissourcedetailsvariousfactoidsregardingrapeandraperelatedposttraumticstress
disorderwiththeintentoffurtheringawarenessofsexualassault.Whileinformingthe
audienceaboutrape,statisticaldataisprovided,suchashowmanywomenarerapedeach
year,theprobabilityofsubstanceabuseinthosewithraperelatedposttraumaticstress
disorder,andthelikelihoodthatasurvivorwillexperiencethementalillness.Notonlyis
therequantitativedatainthefactsheet,butalsoqualitative.Theseelementsinclude
symptomsandguidestoaidthoseafflictedbyrapeanditseffects.Thus,thisarticleisa
powerfulresourcewhenprovingthenegativeaspectsofraperelatedposttraumaticstress
disorder.

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Kilpatrick,DeanG."TheMentalHealthImpactofRape."
MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina
.
NationalViolenceAgainstWomenPreventionResearchCenter,n.d.Web.29Sept.2015.
Thisreport,writtenbyDr.DeanG.KilpatrickattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,
detailsastudyregardinghowrapeimpactsmentalhealth.Thisstudyimploredpost
traumaticstressdisorderinsexualassaultsurvivors,questioningitsprevalenceandeffects
onindividuals.Thisarticleoffersagrandsupplyofquantitativedatacorrelatedtothe
subject,supportingthebeliefthatrapesurvivorsarenotonlyafflictedbytheassault,but
alsoremainingmentaldifficulties.Kilpatrickconcludestheamountoffemalerapevictims
withraperelatedposttraumaticstressdisorderinAmerica,alongwithwhatsituations
plaguetheirhealingprocesses.Thus,thisstudyportraysanadvantagetoarguinghowrape
relatedposttraumaticstressdisorderhasasocialstigma.
Kristof,Nicholas."WhentheRapistDoesntSeeItasRape."
NewYorkTimes
.N.p.,23May
2015.Web.29Sept.2015.
NicholasKristof,ajournalistexperiencedinwomensrights,writesthisarticlefortheNew
YorkTimes,pleadingforacalltoactionregardingrape.Heexplainsthatinsociety,there
isnoseparationbetweenconsentingandnonconsentingthroughtheuseofpersonal
interviewsofrapists,hedetailshowthesepeopledidnotevenbelievetheywereraping
people.Instead,theysawthemselvesasmerelyhavingsex.Thisidealisextremely
common,anditmustbehalted.Kristoffexplainedaresolutionofeducation.Individuals,
especiallyyoungadults,mustbeinformedaboutlawsandlimits.Itisthroughthismethod
thattherewillbeanobviouslinewhenregardingthesafetyofsex.Thisviewpointadds

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structuretopossiblereformsregardingsocietyandRRPTSD,resultinginitbeinga
rewardingarticle.

"PostTraumaticStressDisorder(PTSD)."
NIMHRSS
.N.p.,n.d.Web.29Sept.2015.
TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthemploysthiswebpageinordertoexplainthe
variousfactorsofposttraumaticstressdisorder.Thisisvaluableasabackgroundforthe
mentalillness,asitprovidesawidespreadofinformation.THeNIMHdetailsthe
overview,causes,symptoms,risks,andtreatmentsofposttraumaticstressdisorder,
educatingtheaudienceonthevitalsituation.Thearticleiscomposedofmostlyqualitative
facts,asitisvitaltodescribethecondition.However,therearealsoafewstatisticalfactors
inordertoexplainthecommonalityofposttraumaticstressdisorderandhowtodiagnose
it.Therefore,theNIMHprovestobevalidandreliableinexplainingthelogisticsofthe
mentalillnessofposttraumaticstressdisorder.
Hamlin,John."RapeMyths."
SociologyofRape
.UniversityofMinnesotaDuluth,n.d.Web.29
Sept.2015.
JohnHamlinsarticleRapeMythsdescribesthevarioussocialstigmasthatrevolve
aroundsexualassault.Headdressesamultitudeofattitudesthatarecommoninsocietyand
confirmstheirfalsity.Examplesofthesemythsincludemencannotberaped,women
inciterape,andamancannotrapehiswife.Alloftheseinstancesareprovedincorrect,as
rapeisacrossallgendersandisneveravictim'sfault.Also,ifapersonforcesanotherto
havesex,nomatterwhatconditionsitisrape.Hamlinalsoemploysstatisticaldataintohis
analysis,resultinginvalidity.Therefore,thisarticleisusefulinanalysingrapeinsociety.

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"RapeRelatedTraumaTreatment."
RefugeRapeRelatedTraumaTreatmentComments
.N.p.,
n.d.Web.07Oct.2015.
Thissource,derivedfromTheRefuge,atherapeuticcenterforindividualswithamultitude
ofdifferentmentalillnesses,detailsavastamountofinformationregardingrape
relatedposttraumaticstressdisorder.Thewebpagestatesthefactualinformationaboutthe
condition,suchassymptomsandvariouswaysoftreatments.Thisinformationaidesin
informingaboutthecondition.Also,importantly,itgivesvariousstatisticsregardingrape
thatisvitaltoillustratingthelackofeducationavailableaboutrape.Thesefactshighlight
howprevalenttheassaultare,alongwithRRPTSD.Therefore,thissourceissignificantin
promotingreformandtheabolishingofstigmainsociety.
Wemple,Erik."CNNIsGettingHammeredforSteubenvilleCoverage."
TheWashingtonPost
.
N.p.,18Mar.2013.Web.29Sept.2015.
InthisarticlebyErikWemple,ajournalistspecializedinmediacritique,itisdescribedthe
hollowingactionsthataCNNnewsreportercoveredconcerningagangrapeofahigh
schoolwoman.IntheSteubenvillecase,twofootballplayersrapedanintoxicatedyoung
womanandspreadvideocoverageofitacrosssocialmedia.Aftertheirsentences,aCNN
reporterstatesthatitisashamethattheseyoungboyslivesareruinedbythiswoman.
Wempleattacksthisviewpoint,asitprovesthestigmathatsexuallassaultisawoman's
fault.Heemploysethos,logos,andpathosinordertoasktheaudiencehowitwasrightto
blamethevictimofanattack.Thisforwardnessisausefultoolinexplaininghowsociety
stillremainstobestigmatized,nomatterhowmuchitwishestoignorethistruth.