Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals: 6.1 Volumes Using Cross-Sections

CHAPTER 6 APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS
6.1 VOLUMES USING CROSS-SECTIONS

(diagonal)#
#
1. A(x)
x x #
#
2x; a 0, b 4;
V 'a A(x) dx '0 2x dx cx# d ! 16

b
1(diameter)#
4
2. A(x)
1 c a2 x # b x # d
4
1c2 a1 x# bd
4
1 a1 2x# x% b ; a 1, b 1;
V 'a A(x) dx 'c1 1 a1 2x# x% b dx 1 x 23 x$

b
"
x&
5 "
21 1
2
3
"5
161
15
3. A(x) (edge)# 1 x# 1 x# 21 x# 4 a1 x# b ; a 1, b 1;

V 'a A(x) dx 'c1 4a1 x# b dx 4 x
b
(diagonal)#
#
4. A(x)
21 x#
V 'a A(x) dx 2'c1 a1 x# b dx 2 x

1
"
#
5. (a) STEP 1) A(x)
"
x$
3 "
(side) (side) sin 13
STEP 2) a 0, b 1
8 1 "3
16
3
1 x# 1 x#
"
x$
3 "
"
#
2 a1 x# b; a 1, b 1;
4 1 "3
8
3
2sin x 2sin x sin 13 3 sin x
STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx 3 '0 sin x dx 3 cos x 3(1 1) 23

1
(b) STEP 1) A(x) (side)# 2sin x 2sin x 4 sin x

STEP 2) a 0, b 1
STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx '0 4 sin x dx c4 cos xd 1! 8

1
6. (a) STEP 1) A(x) 1(diameter)

14 (sec x tan x)#
4
1
sin x
#
4 sec x asec# x 1b 2 cos
#x
STEP 2) a 13 , b
13
1
4
23
asec# x tan# x 2 sec x tan xb
1
3
STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx 'c13
1
4
1
3
1
4
2 sec# x 1
2 sin x
cos# x
2 "" 23
#
1
3
1
3
STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx 'c13 2 sec# x 1

b
13
2 tan x x 2 cos" x 1$
1$
2 ""
#
(b) STEP 1) A(x) (edge)# (sec x tan x)# 2 sec# x 1 2

STEP 2) a 13 , b
1
4
dx
2 sin x
cos# x
1
4
43
21
3
sin x
cos# x
dx 2 23 13 43
21
3
7. (a) STEP 1) A(x) alengthb aheightb a6 3xb a10b 60 30x

STEP 2) a 0, b 2
STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx
b
'02 a60 30xb dx c60x 15x2 d 2! a120 60b 0 60
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
328
Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals
(b) STEP 1) A(x) alengthb aheightb a6 3xb 20 2a26 3xb a6 3xba4 3xb 24 6x 9x2
STEP 2) a 0, b 2
STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx '0 a24 6x 9x2 bdx c24x 3x# 3x3 d ! a48 12 24b 0 36
b
8. (a) STEP 1) A(x) "# abaseb aheightb x x2 a6b 6x 3x

STEP 2) a 0, b 4

b
"
#
(b) STEP 1) A(x)
'04 6x12 3x dx 4x32 32 x2 4! a32 24b 0 8

2

1 diameter
2
STEP 2) a 0, b 4

b
1
4
9. A(y)
(diameter)#
1
4
5y# 0
&
#
!
"
#
10. A(y)
1
4
(leg)(leg)
51
4
51
4
1
2
x x32 14 x2
4
18 x x32 41 x2
41 x2 dx "# x2 52 x52
1 3 4
12 x !
18 8
64
5
16
3
18 a0b
1
"&
y% ;
y% dy
a2& 0b 81
"
#
#
1 y# 1 y#
V 'c A(y) dy 'c1 2a1 y# b dy 2 y

d
x x2 2
'04 x x32
1
8
c 0, d 2; V 'c A(y) dy '0

541 y5
"
#
"
y$
3 "
"
#
21 y# 2 a1 y# b ; c 1, d 1;
4 1 "3
8
3
11. The slices perpendicular to the edge labeled 5 are triangles, and by similar triangles we have
b
h
4
3
h 34 b. The
equation of the line through a5, 0b and a0, 4b is y 45 x 4, thus the length of the base 45 x 4 and the
6 2
height 34 45 x 4 35 x 3.Thus Aaxb "# abaseb aheightb "# 45 x 4 35 x 3 25
x 12
5 x6
6 2
and V 'a Aaxb dx '0 25
x
b
12
5 x
5
2 3
6 dx 25
x 65 x2 6x 0 a10 30 30b 0 10
12. The slices parallel to the base are squares. The cross section of the pyramid is a triangle, and by similar triangles we have
b
h
3
5
2
b 35 h. Thus Aayb abaseb2 35 y
9 2
25 y
V 'c Aayb dy '0

d
9 2
25 y
3 3 5
dy 25
y 0 15 0 15
13. (a) It follows from Cavalieri's Principle that the volume of a column is the same as the volume of a right
prism with a square base of side length s and altitude h. Thus, STEP 1) A(x) (side length)# s# ;
STEP 2) a 0, b h; STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx '0 s# dx s# h
b
(b) From Cavalieri's Principle we conclude that the volume of the column is the same as the volume of the prism
described above, regardless of the number of turns V s# h
Section 6.1 Volumes Using Cross-Sections

14. 1) The solid and the cone have the same altitude of 12.
2) The cross sections of the solid are disks of diameter
x x# x# . If we place the vertex of the cone at the
origin of the coordinate system and make its axis of
symmetry coincide with the x-axis then the cone's cross
sections will be circular disks of diameter
x
x x
4 4 # (see accompanying figure).
3) The solid and the cone have equal altitudes and identical
parallel cross sections. From Cavalieri's Principle we
conclude that the solid and the cone have the same
volume.
15. R(x) y 1
1 2
4
2
16. R(y) x
3y
#
x
#
8
12
#
V '0 1[R(x)]# dx 1'0 1 x# dx 1'0 1 x
2
x#
4
dx 1 x
x#
#
21
3
dy 1'
V '0 1[R(y)]# dy 1'0 3y
#
0
2
17. R(y) tan 14 y ; u
1
4
y du
1
4
9
4
y# dy 1 34 y$ ! 1
3
4
dy 4 du 1 dy; y 0 u 0, y 1 u
#
x$
12 !
8 61
1
4
#
1%
V '0 1[R(y)]# dy 1'0 tan 14 y dy 4 '0 tan# u du 4 '0 a1 sec# ub du 4[u tan u]!
1
14
14
4 14 1 0 4 1
1
#
18. R(x) sin x cos x; R(x) 0 a 0 and b

1'0
12
1
#
(sin x cos x)# dx 1 '0
12
u 1 V 1'0
"
8
(sin 2x)#
4
are the limits of integration; V '0
12
dx; u 2x du 2 dx
sin# u du
1
8
#u
"
4
sin
1
2u !
1
8
du
8
dx
4
1[R(x)]# dx
; x 0 u 0,
1# 0 0
1#
16
19. R(x) x# V '0 1[R(x)]# dx 1 '0 ax# b dx

2
1 '0 x% dx 1 x5
2
&
321
5
20. R(x) x$ V '0 1[R(x)]# dx 1'0 ax$ b dx

2
1 '0 x' dx 1 x7
2
#
!
1281
7
329
330
21. R(x) 9 x# V 'c3 1[R(x)]# dx 1 'c3 a9 x# b dx

3
$
x$
3 $
1 9x
21 9(3)
27
3
2 1 18 361
22. R(x) x x# V '0 1[R(x)]# dx 1'0 ax x# b dx

1
1'0 ax# 2x$ x% b dx 1 x3

1
1 13
"
#
5"
1
30
(10 15 6)
23. R(x) cos x V '0
12
1#
1 csin xd !
2x%
4

1
30
"
x&
5 !
1[R(x)]# dx 1'0 cos x dx

12
1(1 0) 1
14
14
24. R(x) sec x V 'c14 1[R(x)]# dx 1 ' 14 sec# x dx

1%
1 ctan xd 1% 1[1 (1)] 21
25. R(x) 2 sec x tan x V

1
'014 1[R(x)]# dx
'014 2 sec x tan x# dx
1 '0 2 22 sec x tan x sec# x tan# x dx

14
1 '0 2 dx 22 '0 sec x tan x dx

14
1%
1 [2x]!
14
1%
22 [sec x]!
tan3 x
'014 (tan x)# sec# x dx
1%
!
1 1# 0 22 2 1 "3 a1$ 0b 1 1# 22
11
3

26. R(x) 2 2 sin x 2(1 sin x) V '0 1[R(x)]# dx
12
1 '0 4(1 sin x)# dx 41 '0 a1 sin# x 2 sin xb dx

12
12
41'0 1 "# (1 cos 2x) 2 sin x dx

12
41'0 3#
12
cos 2x
2
2 sin x
1#
41 3# x sin42x 2 cos x !
41 341 0 0 (0 0 2) 1(31 8)
27. R(y) 5 y# V 'c1 1[R(y)]# dy 1 'c1 5y% dy

1
"
1 cy& d " 1[1 (1)] 21
28. R(y) y$# V '0 1[R(y)]# dy 1'0 y$ dy

2
1 y4 41
!
29. R(y) 2 sin 2y V '0 1[R(y)]# dy

12
1'0 2 sin 2y dy 1 c cos 2yd !

12
1#
1[1 (1)] 21
30. R(y) cos
1y
4
V 'c2 1[R(y)]# dy
0
1 'c2 cos 14y dy 4 sin

0
31. R(y)
2
y1
1y !
4 #
4[0 (1)] 4
V '0 1[R(y)]# dy 41 '0

3
"
ay 1 b 2
dy
41 y 1 1 41 4" a1b 31

!
331
332

2y
y # 1
32. R(y)
V '0 1[R(y)]# dy 1'0 2y ay# 1b

1
#
dy;
cu y 1 du 2y dy; y 0 u 1, y 1 u 2d
V 1'1 u# du 1 "u " 1 #" (1)
2
1
#
33. For the sketch given, a 1# , b 1# ; R(x) 1, r(x) cos x; V 'a 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx
b
'c12 1(1 cos x) dx 21'0 (1 cos x) dx 21[x sin x]!

12
12
1#
21 1# 1 1# 21
34. For the sketch given, c 0, d 14 ; R(y) 1, r(y) tan y; V 'c 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy
d
1'0 a1 tan# yb dy 1 '0 a2 sec# yb dy 1[2y tan y]!

14
14
35. r(x) x and R(x) 1 V

'0 1 a1 x# b dx 1 x
1
1%
1 1# 1
1#
#
1
'01 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx
"
x$
3 !
1 1 "3 0
21
3
36. r(x) 2x and R(x) 2 V '0 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx

1
1'0 (4 4x) dx 41x

1
"
x#
# !
41 1 "# 21
37. r(x) x# 1 and R(x) x 3
V 'c1 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx

2
1'c1 (x 3)# ax# 1b dx

2
1 'c1 cax# 6x 9b ax% 2x# 1bd dx

2
1 'c1 ax% x# 6x 8b dx
2
&
1 x5
x$
3
1 32
5
8
3
6x#
#
8x
24
#
16 5"
"
"
3
6
#
530533
8 1 33
5 3 28 3 8 1
1171
5

38. r(x) 2 x and R(x) 4 x#
V 'c1 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx

2
1'c1 a4 x# b (2 x)# dx
2
1 'c1 ca16 8x# x% b a4 4x x# bd dx

2
1'c1 a12 4x 9x# x% b dx

2
1 12x 2x# 3x$

1 24 8 24
#
x&
5 "
32
5
12 2 3 5" 1 15
33
5
1081
5
39. r(x) sec x and R(x) 2
V 'c14 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx

14
1 'c14 a2 sec# xb dx 1[2x tan x]1%

14
1%
1 1# 1 1# 1 1(1 2)
40. R(x) sec x and r(x) tan x
V '0 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx

1
1 '0 asec# x tan# xb dx 1 '0 1 dx 1[x]!" 1

1
41. r(y) 1 and R(y) 1 y
V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy

1
1'0 c(1 y)# 1d dy 1 '0 a1 2y y# 1b dy

1
1 '0 a2y y# b dy 1 y#
"
y$
3 !
1 1 "3
41
3
42. R(y) 1 and r(y) 1 y V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy

1
1'0 c1 (1 y)# d dy 1'0 c1 a1 2y y# bd dy

1
1'0 a2y y# b dy 1 y#
1
"
y$
3 !
1 1 "3
21
3
333
334
43. R(y) 2 and r(y) y

V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy
4
1'0 (4 y) dy 1 4y
4
%
y#
2 !
1(16 8) 81
44. R(y) 3 and r(y) 3 y#
V '0
1 '0
1 y3
1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy
c3 a3 y# bd dy 1'0
$
!
y# dy
13
45. R(y) 2 and r(y) 1 y

V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy
1
1'0 4 1 y dy
1
1 '0 4 1 2y y dy
1
1 '0 3 2y y dy
1
1 3y 43 y$#
1 3
"
y#
# !
"# 1 18683
4
3
71
6
46. R(y) 2 y"$ and r(y) 1
V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy

1
#
1'0 2 y"$ 1 dy
1
1'0 4 4y"$ y#$ 1 dy

1
1 '0 3 4y"$ y#$ dy

1
1 3y 3y%$
"
3y&$
5 !
1 3 3 53
31
5
47. (a) r(x) x and R(x) 2

V '0 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx
4
1'0 (4 x) dx 1 4x
4
(b) r(y) 0 and R(y) y#
%
x#
# !
1(16 8) 81
V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy

2
1'0 y% dy 1 y5
2
&
#
!
321
5
#
(c) r(x) 0 and R(x) 2 x V '0 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx 1'0 2 x dx
4
1'0 4 4x x dx 1 4x
4
8x$#
3
%
x#
# !
1 16
64
3
16
#
81
3

(d) r(y) 4 y# and R(y) 4 V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy 1 '0 16 a4 y# b dy
2
1 '0 a16 16 8y# y% b dy 1 '0 a8y# y% b dy 1 83 y$

2
48. (a) r(y) 0 and R(y) 1
#
y&
5 !
1 64
3
32
5
2241
15
y
#
V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy

2
#
1'0 1 y# dy 1'0 1 y
2
y#
#
1 y
y$
12 !
1 #
(b) r(y) 1 and R(y) 2
4
2
8
12
y#
4
dy
21
3
y
#
#
V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy 1 '0 2 y# 1 dy 1 '0 4 2y
2
1'0 3 2y
2
y#
4
dy 1 3y y#
#
y$
12 !
1 6 4
8
12
1 2 23
y#
4
1 dy
81
3
49. (a) r(x) 0 and R(x) 1 x#
V 'c1 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx

1
1 'c1 a1 x# b dx 1 'c1 a1 2x# x% b dx

1
2x$
3
1 x
"
x&
5 "
103
21 1515
21 1
2
3
15
161
15
(b) r(x) 1 and R(x) 2 x# V 'c1 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx 1 'c1 a2 x# b 1 dx

1
1 'c1 a4 4x# x% 1b dx 1'c1 a3 4x# x% b dx 1 3x 43 x$

1
21
15
(45 20 3)
561
15
"
x&
5 "
21 3
4
3
15
2
3
15
(c) r(x) 1 x# and R(x) 2 V 'c1 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx 1 'c1 4 a1 x# b dx

1
1 'c1 a4 1 2x# x% b dx 1'c1 a3 2x# x% b dx 1 3x 23 x$

1
21
15
(45 10 3)
641
15
"
x&
5 "
21 3
50. (a) r(x) 0 and R(x) hb x h
V '0 1 a[R(x)]# [r(x)]# b dx

b
#
1 '0 hb x h dx
b
1'0 hb# x#
b
x
1h# 3b
#
x#
b
2h#
b
x h# dx
b
x 1h# b3 b b
!
1 h# b
3
#
(b) r(y) 0 and R(y) b 1 yh V '0 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy 1b# '0 1 yh dy
h
1b# '0 1
h
2y
h
y#
h#
dy 1b# y
y#
h
y$
3h# !
1b# h h 3h
1 b# h
3
335
336
51. R(y) b a# y# and r(y) b a# y#

V 'ca 1 a[R(y)]# [r(y)]# b dy
a
1 'ca b a# y# b a# y# dy
#
1 'ca 4ba# y# dy 4b1'ca a# y# dy

a
1a#
#
4b1 area of semicircle of radius a 4b1
2a# b1#
52. (a) A cross section has radius r #y and area 1r# #1y. The volume is '0 #1ydy 1 cy# d ! #&1.
&
(b) Vahb ' Aahbdh, so
dV
dh
Aahb. Therefore
For h %, the area is #1a%b )1, so
dh
dt
dV
dt
"
)1
dV
dh
Aahb
dh
dt
$
)1
$ units
sec
hca
53. (a) R(y) a# y# V 1'ca aa# y# b dy 1 a# y

a$
3
1 a# h "3 ah$ 3h# a 3ha# a$ b

dV
$
dt 0.2 m /sec
dV
#
dh 101h 1h
(b) Given
and a 5 m, find
dV
dt
dV
dh
dh
dt
1 a# h
so
dh
dt
"
A ah b
dV
dt .
units$
sec .
hca
y$
3 ca
h$
3
dh
dt ,
&
1 a# h a$
h# a ha#
(h a)$
3
a$
a$
3
1h# (3a h)
3
From part (a), V(h) 1h (153 h) 51h# 13h

dh
0.2
"
"
1h(10 h) dh
dt dt h4 41(10 4) (201)(6) 1#01 m/sec.
dh
dt h4 .
54. Suppose the solid is produced by revolving y 2 x about

the y-axis. Cast a shadow of the solid on a plane parallel to
the xy-plane.
Use an approximation such as the Trapezoid Rule, to
#
estimate 'a 1cRaybd# dy ! 1 #k y.

n
d^
k"
55. The cross section of a solid right circular cylinder with a cone removed is a disk with radius R from which a disk of radius
h has been removed. Thus its area is A" 1R# 1h# 1 aR# h# b . The cross section of the hemisphere is a disk of
#
radius R# h# . Therefore its area is A# 1 R# h# 1 aR# h# b . We can see that A" A# . The altitudes of
both solids are R. Applying Cavalieri's Principle we find
Volume of Hemisphere (Volume of Cylinder) (Volume of Cone) a1R# b R "3 1 aR# b R
56. R(x)
1
144
x
1#
36 x# V ' 1[R(x)]# dx 1'

0
0
12x$
'
x&
5 !
1
144
12 6$
6&
5
1 6 $
144
x#
144
12
a36 x# b dx
36
5
1
144
2
3
1 R$ .
'06 a36x# x% b dx
1 6036
196
144
5
361
5
cm$ . The plumb bob will
weigh about W (8.5) 3651 192 gm, to the nearest gram.

c7
c7
57. R(y) 256 y# V 'c16 1[R(y)]# dy 1'c16 a256 y# b dy 1 256y

1 (256)(7)
7$
3
(256)(16)
16$
3
1 73 256(16 7)
16$
3
(
y$
3 "'
10531 cm$ 3308 cm$
Section 6.2 Volume Using Cylindrical Shells
337
58. (a) R(x) kc sin xk , so V 1'0 [R(x)]# dx 1'0 (c sin x)# dx 1'0 ac# 2c sin x sin# xb dx
1
1'0 c# 2c sin x
'1
(b)
1cos 2x
dx 1 0 c# "# 2c sin x cos#2x dx
#
1
1 c# "# x 2c cos x sin42x ! 1 c# 1 1# 2c 0 (0 2c 0) 1 c# 1 1# 4c . Let
2
V(c) 1 c# 1 1# 4c . We find the extreme values of V(c): dV
dc 1(2c1 4) 0 c 1 is a critical
#
#
point, and V 12 1 14 1# 18 1 1# 14 1# 4; Evaluate V at the endpoints: V(0) 1# and
#
#
V(1) 1 3# 1 4 1# (4 1)1. Now we see that the function's absolute minimum value is 1# 4,
taken on at the critical point c 12 . (See also the accompanying graph.)
#
From the discussion in part (a) we conclude that the function's absolute maximum value is 1# , taken on at
the endpoint c 0.
(c) The graph of the solid's volume as a function of c for
0 c 1 is given at the right. As c moves away from
[! "] the volume of the solid increases without bound.
If we approximate the solid as a set of solid disks, we
can see that the radius of a typical disk increases without
bounds as c moves away from [0 1].
59. Volume of the solid generated by rotating the region bounded by the x-axis and y faxb from x a to x b about the
x-axis is V 'a 1[f(x)]# dx 41, and the volume of the solid generated by rotating the same region about the line
b
'ab 1[f(x) 1]# dx 81. Thus 'ab 1[f(x) 1]# dx 'ab 1[f(x)]# dx 81 41
b
b
b
b
1'a a[f(x)]# 2f(x) " [f(x)]# b dx 41 'a a2f(x) "b dx 4 2'a f(x) dx 'a dx 4
b
b
'a f(x) dx "# ab ab 2 'a f(x) dx 4 #b a
y 1 is V
60. Volume of the solid generated by rotating the region bounded by the x-axis and y faxb from x a to x b about the
x-axis is V 'a 1[f(x)]# dx 61, and the volume of the solid generated by rotating the same region about the line
b
'ab 1[f(x) 2]# dx 101. Thus 'ab 1[f(x) 2]# dx 'ab 1[f(x)]# dx 101 61
b
b
b
b
1'a a[f(x)]# 4f(x) 4 [f(x)]# b dx 41 'a a4f(x) 4b dx 4 4'a f(x) dx 4'a dx 4
b
b
'a f(x) dx ab ab 1 'a f(x) dx 1 b a
y 2 is V
6.2 VOLUME USING CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

1. For the sketch given, a 0, b 2;
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x 1
b
x#
4
dx 21'0 x
x#
4
dx 21'0 2x
x$
4
dx 21 x#
21 3 61
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x 2
b
3. For the sketch given, c 0, d 2;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0
d
21y ay# b dy 21'0
x$
4
#
x%
16 !
dx 21 x#
y$ dy 21 y4
#
!
21 4#
#
x%
16 !
16
16
21(4 1) 61
21
338
4. For the sketch given, c 0, d 3;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y c3 a3 y# bd dy 21 '0
d
y$ dy 21 y4
3
!
91
#
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x x# 1 dx;
b
u x# 1 du 2x dx; x 0 u 1, x 3 u 4
V 1'1 u"# du 1 23 u$# "
%
21
3
4$# 1 231 (8 1)
141
3
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x x9x
dx;
$9
b
cu x$ 9 du 3x# dx 3 du 9x# dx; x 0 u 9, x 3 u 36d

V 21 '9 3u"# du 61 2u"# * 121 36 9 361
$'
36
7. a 0, b 2;
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x x x2 dx
b
'0 21x#
2
3
#
dx 1 '0 3x# dx 1 cx$ d ! 81

2
8. a 0, b 1;
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x 2x x2 dx
b
1 '0 2 3x# dx 1 ' 3x# dx 1 cx$ d ! 1

1
"
9. a 0, b 1;
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x c(2 x) x# d dx
b
21'0 a2x x# x$ b dx 21 x#
1
21 1
"
3
4" 21 12 124 3
x$
3
101
12
"
x%
4 !
51
6
10. a 0, b 1;
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x ca2 x# b x# d dx
b
21'0 x a2 2x# b dx 41'0 ax x$ b dx

1
41 x#
"
x%
4 !
41 "2 4" 1

11. a 0, b 1;
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x x (2x 1) dx
b
"
21'0 x$# 2x# x dx 21 25 x&# 23 x$ "# x# !
1
21 25
2
3
15
"# 21 12 20
30
71
15
12. a ", b 4;
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '1 21x 32 x"# dx
b
31'1 x"# dx 31 23 x$# " 21 4$# "

%
21(8 1) 141
sin x, 0 x 1
0x1
xf(x)
; since sin 0 0 we have
0, x 0
x, x 0
sin x, 0 x 1
xf(x) sin x, 0 x 1
xf(x)
sin x, x 0
13. (a) xf(x)
sin x
x ,
shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x f(x) dx and x f(x) sin x, 0 x 1 by part (a)
1
V 21'0 sin x dx 21[ cos x]1! 21( cos 1 cos 0) 41

1
tan# x
x ,
tan# x, 0 x 1/4
0 x 14
xg(x)
; since tan 0 0 we have
0, x 0
x 0, x 0
tan# x, 0 x 1/4
xg(x) tan# x, 0 x 1/4
xg(x)
tan# x, x 0
14. (a) xg(x)
shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x g(x) dx and x g(x) tan# x, 0 x 1/4 by part (a)
14
V 21'0 tan# x dx 21'0 asec# x 1b dx 21[tan x x]!

14
14
1%
21 1 14
41 1 #
#
15. c 0, d 2;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y y (y) dy
d
21'0 y$# y# dy 21 2y5

2
&#
&
21 25 2
161
15
2$
3
#
y$
3 !
21 8 5 2 83 161
2
5
3"
32 5
339
340
16. c 0, d 2;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y cy# (y)ddy
d
21'0 ay$ y# b dy 21 y4
2
161 56
401
3
#
y$
3 !
161 42 3"
17. c 0, d 2;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y a2y y# bdy
d
21'0 a2y# y$ b dy 21 2y3

2
321 "3 4"
321
12
81
3
#
y%
4 !
21 16
3
"6
4
18. c 0, d 1;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y a2y y# ybdy
d
21'0 y ay y# b dy 21'0 ay# y$ b dy

1
21 y3
"
y%
4 !
21 13 "4
1
6
19. c 0, d 1;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy 21'0 y[y (y)]dy
d
21'0 2y# dy
1
41
3
"
cy$ d !
41
3
20. c 0, d 2;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21 yy y2 dy
d
21 '0
y2
2 dy
13 c y3 d !
81
3
21. c 0, d 2;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y c(2 y) y# d dy
d
21 '0 a2y y# y$ b dy 21 y#
2
21 4
8
3
16
4
1
6
y$
3
(48 32 48)
#
y%
4 !
161
3
341
22. c 0, d 1;
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y c(2 y) y# d dy
d
21'0 a2y y# y$ b dy 21 y#
1
21 1
1
3
14
1
6
(12 4 3)
y$
3
51
6
"
y%
4 !
shell shell
23. (a) V 'a 21 radius
height dx '0 21 x a3xbdx 61'0 x2 dx 21 cx3 d ! 161
b
2
shell shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height dx '0 21 a4 xb a3xbdx 61'0 a4x x2 bdx 61 2x2 13 x3 ! 618 83 321
b
2
shell shell
(c) V 'a 21 radius
height dx '0 21 ax 1b a3xbdx 61'0 ax2 xbdx 61 13 x3 12 x2 ! 61 83 2 281
b
6
shell shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height dy '0 21 y 2 13 ydy 21'0 2y 13 y2 dy 21 y2 19 y3 ! 21a36 24b 241
d
shell shell
(e) V 'c 21 radius
height dy '0 21 a7 yb 2 13 ydy 21'0 14
d
13
3 y
13 y2 dy 21 14y
13 2
6 y
19 y3 !
21a84 78 24b 601
6
shell shell
(f) V 'c 21 radius
height dy '0 21 ay 2b 2 13 ydy 21'0 4 43 y 13 y2 dy 21 4y 23 y2 19 y3 !
d
21a24 24 24b 481

shell shell
height dx '0 21 x a8 x3 bdx 21'0 a8x x4 bdx 21 4x2 15 x5 ! 2116
b
32
5
961
5
shell shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height dx '0 21 a3 xb a8 x3 bdx 21'0 a24 8x 3x3 x4 bdx
b
21 24x 4x2 34 x4 15 x5 ! 2148 16 12
32
5
2641
5
shell shell
(c) V 'a 21 radius
height dx '0 21 ax 2b a8 x3 bdx 21'0 a16 8x 2x3 x4 bdx
b
21 16x 4x2 12 x4 15 x5 ! 2132 16 8
32
5
3361
5
shell shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height dy '0 21 y y13 dy 21'0 y43 dy
d
61
7
y73 8
!
61
7 a128b
7681
7
8
shell shell
(e) V 'c 21 radius
height dy '0 21 a8 yb y13 dy 21'0 8y13 y43 dy 21 6y43 37 y73 !
d
2196
384
7
5761
7
8
shell shell
(f) V 'c 21 radius
height dy '0 21 ay 1b y13 dx 21'0 y43 y13 dy 21 37 y73 34 y43 !
d
21 384
7 12
9361
7
shell shell
height dx 'c1 21 a2 xb ax 2 x2 bdx 21'c1 a4 3x2 x3 bdx 21 4x x3 14 x4 1
b
21a8 8 4b 214 1 14
271
2
shell shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height dx 'c1 21 ax 1b ax 2 x2 bdx 21'c1 a2 3x x3 bdx 21 2x 32 x2 14 x4 1
b
21a4 6 4b 212
3
2
14
271
2
shell shell
(c) V 'c 21 radius
height dy '0 21 yy ydy '1 21 yy ay 2bdy
d
41'0 y32 dy 21'1 y32 y2 2ydy

4
81
5 a1b
21 64
5
64
3
16 21 52
1
3
81
5
1
y52 1 21 52 y52 31 y3 y2 4
!
1
721
5
342
shell shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height dy '0 21 a4 yby ydy '1 21 a4 yby ay 2bdy
d
41'0 4y y32 dy 21'1 y2 y32 6y 4y 8dy

4
1
4
41 83 y32 25 y52 ! 21 13 y3 25 y52 3y2 83 y32 8y 1
64
64
1 2
41 83 25 21 64
3 5 48 3 32 21 3 5 3
8
8
3
1081
5
shell shell
height dx 'c1 21 a1 xb a4 3x2 x4 bdx 21'c1 ax5 x4 3x3 3x2 4x 4bdx
b
21 16 x6 15 x5 34 x4 x3 2x2 4x 1 21 16
1
5
3
4
1 2 4 21 16
1
5
1 2 4
3
4
shell shell
4 y
4 ydy ' 21 y 4 y 4 y dy
(b) V 'c 21 radius
height dy '0 21 y
3
3
1
d
41'0 y54 dy
1
161
9
161
9
y94 1
!
41
3
41
3
41
3 8 3
'14 y4 ydy cu 4 y y 4 u du dy; y 1 u 3, y 4 u 0d
'30 a4 ubu du 1691 a1b 41 '03 4u u32 du 1691 41 38 u32 52 u52 30

3
18
3
5
161
9
881
5
8721
45
shell
shell
27. (a) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y 12 ay# y$ b dy 241 '0 ay$ y% b dy 241 y4
d
241 14 15
241
20
"
y&
5 !
61
5
shell
shell
(b) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(1 y) c12 ay# y$ bd dy 241'0 (1 y) ay# y$ b dy
d
241'0 ay# 2y$ y% b dy 241 y3

1
y%
2
"
y&
5 !
241 "3
1
2
"
15 241 30
41
5
shell
shell
(c) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21 85 y c12 ay# y$ bd dy 241 '0 85 y ay# y$ b dy
d
241'0 85 y#
1
241
12
13
5
8 $
y$ y% dy 241 15
y
13
20
y%
"
y&
5 !
8
241 15
13
20
241
60
15
(32 39 12)
21
shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21 y 25 c12 ay# y$ bd dy 241'0 y 25 ay# y$ b dy
d
2 $
241'0 y$ y% 25 y# 25 y$ dy 241'0 25 y# 35 y$ y% dy 241 15
y
1
2
241 15
3
20
15
241
60
(8 9 12)
241
12
21 y4
#
y'
24 !
2'
24
21 24
321 4"
4
24
dy '0 21y y#
2
y#
#
21 '0 2y#
2
y%
2
y$
y&
4
dy 21 2y3
y&
10
y%
4
y'
#4 !
21'0 5y# 54 y% y$
2
y&
4
dy 21 5y3
5y&
20
y%
4
shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21 y 58 y# y4
d
21'0 y$
2
y&
4
85 y#
5
32
y% dy 21 y4
y'
#4
5y$
#4
81
3
y%
4
21 16
3
32
10
16
4
64
24
dy '0 21(5 y) y#
#
y'
#4 !
y#
#
y#
#
dy 21'0 y$
dy '0 21(2 y) y#
y#
#
shell
shell
(c) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(5 y) y# y4
d
y%
4
2
321 4" 6" 321 24
shell
shell
(b) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(2 y) y# y4
d
"
y&
5 !
y%
21
shell
shell
height
dy '0 21y y# y4
d
3
20
21 40
3
160
20
16
4
dy '0 21 y 58 y#
2
5y&
160 !
21 16
4
64
24
40
24
81
5
y%
4
64
24
dy
dy
81
y%
4
160
160
dy
41
y&
4
dy
561
5
343
shell
shell
29. (a) About x-axis: V 'c 21 radius
height
dy
d
'0 21yy ydy 21'0 y$# y# dy

1
"
21 #& y&# "$ y$ ! 21 #& "$
#1
"&
shell
shell
About y-axis: V 'a 21 radius
height
dx
b
'0 21xax x# bdx 21'0 ax2 x3 bdx

1
21 x$
"
x%
% !
21 "$ "%
1
'
(b) About x-axis: Raxb x and raxb x# V 'a 1Raxb# raxb# dx '0 1cx# x% ddx
b
1 x$
"
x&
& !
1 "$ "&
#1
"&
About y-axis: Rayb y and rayb y V 'c 1Rayb# rayb# dy '0 1cy y2 ddy
d
1 y#
"
y$
$ !
1 "# "$
1
'
#
30. (a) V 'a 1Raxb# raxb# dx 1'0 #x # x# dx
%
1'0 $% x# #x %dx 1 x% x# %x
%
1a"' "' "'b "'1
%
!
shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 #1x x# # xdx
%
'0 #1x# x# dx #1'0 #x

%
#1x#
%
x$
' !
#1"'
'%
'
x#
# dx
$#1
$
shell
shell
(c) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 #1a% xb x# # xdx '0 #1a% xb# x# dx #1'0 ) %x
%
#1)x #x#
%
x$
' !
#1$# $#
'%
'
x#
# dx
'%1
$
#
(d) V 'a 1Raxb# raxb# dx 1'0 a) xb# ' #x dx 1'0 a'% "'x x# b $' 'x x% dx
%
1'0 $% x# "!x #)dx 1 x% &x# #)x 1"' a&ba"'b a(ba"'b 1a$ba"'b %)1
%
shell
shell
height
dy '1 21y(y 1) dy
d
21'1 ay# yb dy 21 y3
2
#
y#
# "
21 83 42 "3 #"
21 73 2 "# 13 (14 12 3)
51
3
shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '1 21x(2 x) dx 21'1 a2x x# b dx 21 x#
b
21 4 83 1 3" 21 12 3 8 3 3 " 21 34 32
41
3
shell
shell
' 203
(c) V 'a 21 radius

height
dx '1 21 10
3 x (2 x) dx 21 1
b
" $
8 #
40
21 20
3 x 3 x 3 x " 21
3
32
3
38 20
3
8
3
16
3
#
x$
3 "
x x# dx
3" 21 33 21
shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '1 21(y 1)(y 1) dy 21'1 (y 1)# 21 (y31)
d
#
"
21
3
344
shell
shell
height
dy '0 21yay# 0b dy
d
21'0 y$ dy 21 y4 21 24 81
2
shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx
b
'0 21x 2 x dx 21'0 2x x$# dx

4
2 2 &
5
21 x# 25 x&# ! 21 16
21 16
64
5
21
5
321
5
(80 64)
shell
shell
(c) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21(4 x) 2 x dx 21'0 8 4x"# 2x x$# dx
b
21 8x 83 x$# x# 25 x&# ! 21 32
64
3
16
64
5
21
15
(240 320 192)
21
15
shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(2 y) ay# b dy 21 '0 a2y# y$ b dy 21 23 y$
d
21 16
3
16
4
321
12
81
3
(4 3)
(112)
2241
15
#
y%
4 !
shell
shell
height
dy '0 21yay y$ b dy
d
'0 21 ay# y% b dy 21 y3
1
41
15
"
y&
5 !
21 "3 5"
shell
shell
(b) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy
d
'0 21(1 y) ay y$ b dy
1
21 '0 ay y# y$ y% b dy 21 y#
1
y$
3
y%
4
"
y&
5 !
21 "#
"
3
"
4
5"
21
60
(30 20 15 12)
71
30
shell
shell
height
dy
d
'0 21y c1 ay y$ bddy

1
21 '0 ay y# y% b dy 21 y#
1
21 "#
"
3
5"
21
30
y$
3
"
y&
5 !
(15 10 6)
111
15
(b) Use the washer method:

V 'c 1 cR# (y) r# (y)d dy '0 1 1# ay y$ b dy 1 '0 a1 y# y' 2y% b dy 1 y
d
1 1
"
3
"
7
52
1
105
(105 35 15 42)
y$
3
y(
7
971
105
"
2y&
5 !
(c) Use the washer method:

V 'c 1 cR# (y) r# (y)d dy '0 1 c1 ay y$ bd 0 dy 1'0 1 2 ay y$ b ay y$ b dy
d
1'0 a1 y# y' 2y 2y$ 2y% b dy 1 y

1
1
210
(70 30 105 2 42)
y$
3
y(
7
y#
y%
#
1211
210
"
2y&
5 !
1 1
"
3
"
7
1
"
#
25
shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(1 y) c1 ay y$ bd dy 21 '0 (1 y) a1 y y$ b dy
d
21'0 a1 y y$ y y# y% b dy 21'0 a1 2y y# y$ y% b dy 21 y y#
1
21 1 1
"
3
"
4
5"
21
60
(20 15 12)
231
30
y$
3
y%
4
"
y&
5 !

shell
shell
height
dy '0 21y 8y y# dy
d
21'0 22 y$# y$ dy 21 4 5 2 y&#

2
#
y%
4 !
&
21
422
2%
4
81
5
21 4 85 1
21 452
(8 5)
4 4
4
241
5
shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x x
b
&
21 252
4%
3#
'
21 25
2)
32
12(
160
x#
8
dx 21'0 x$#
(32 20)
12* 3
160
12% 3
5
x$
8
dx 21 25 x&#
481
5
shell
shell
height
dx
b
'0 21x ca2x x# b xd dx

1
21 '0 x ax x# b dx 21'0 ax# x$ b dx

1
21 x3
"
x%
4 !
21 "3 4"
1
6
shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21(1 x) ca2x x# b xd dx 21'0 (1 x) ax x# b dx
b
21 '0 ax 2x# x$ b dx 21 x2 32 x$
1
"
x%
4 !
21 12
2
3
"4
21
1#
(6 8 3)
37. (a) V 'a 1 cR# (x) r# (x)d dx 1 '116 x"# 1 dx

b
"
1 2x"# x""' 1 (2 1) 2

1 1
7
16
"
4
"
16
91
16
shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dy '1 21y y"%
b
21'1 y$
2
y
16
dy 21 12 y#
21 "8 8" #"
21
32
91
16
(8 1)
"
3#
1 "3 y$
1
48
y #
16 "
"
32
"
16
dy
"
1 24
8" 3"
(2 6 16 3)
dy
#
y#
32 "
21 4"
38. (a) V 'c 1 cR# (y) r# (y)d dy '1 1 y"%
"
16
"
16
111
48
shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '14 21x "x " dx
b
21 '14 x"# x dx 21 23 x$#

1
21 23 "# 23
"
8
"
3#
"
x#
2 "%
1 43 1
"
6
"
16
1
48
(4 16 48 8 3)
111
48
39. (a) H3=5 : V V" V#
V" 'a 1[R" (x)]# dx and V# 'a 1[R# (x)]# with R" (x) x 3 2 and R# (x) x,
b"
b#
"
a" 2, b" 1; a# 0, b# 1 two integrals are required
1
6
%
x%
32 !
345

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals: 6.1 Volumes Using Cross-Sections

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Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals: 6.1 Volumes Using Cross-Sections

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CHAPTER 6 APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS

6.1 VOLUMES USING CROSS-SECTIONS

V 'a A(x) dx '0 2x dx cx# d ! 16

V 'a A(x) dx 'c1 1 a1 2x# x% b dx 1 x 23 x$

3. A(x) (edge)# 1 x# 1 x# 21 x# 4 a1 x# b ; a 1, b 1;

V 'a A(x) dx 2'c1 a1 x# b dx 2 x

5. (a) STEP 1) A(x)

(side) (side) sin 13

2sin x 2sin x sin 13 3 sin x

STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx 3 '0 sin x dx 3 cos x 3(1 1) 23

(b) STEP 1) A(x) (side)# 2sin x 2sin x 4 sin x

STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx '0 4 sin x dx c4 cos xd 1! 8

6. (a) STEP 1) A(x) 1(diameter)

asec# x tan# x 2 sec x tan xb

STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx 'c13

STEP 3) V 'a A(x) dx 'c13 2 sec# x 1

(b) STEP 1) A(x) (edge)# (sec x tan x)# 2 sec# x 1 2

7. (a) STEP 1) A(x) alengthb aheightb a6 3xb a10b 60 30x

'02 a60 30xb dx c60x 15x2 d 2! a120 60b 0 60

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