(CB2351 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS - IT LTPC 3ia4 OBJECTIVE This course is in continuation of Structural Analysis — Classical Methods. Here in advanced method of analysis like Matrix method and Plastic Analysis are covered. Advanced topics such as FE method and Space Structures are covered. UNIT I FLEXIBILITY METHOD. € 12 Equilibeium and compatibility ~ Deverminate vs Tadeterminate structures ~ Indeterminacy - Primary structure ~ Compatibility conditions ~ Analysis of indeterminate pin-jointed plane frames, continvous beams, rigid jointed plane frames (with redundancy restrieted to two). UNIT II STIFFNESS MATRIX M 2 Element and global stiffness matrices of continuous beams + Co-ordinate transformations ~ Rotation matrix ~ Transformations of stiffnesswatrices, load vectors and displacements vectors — Analysis of pingjointed plane fames and rigid: frames( with redundaney vertical to two) UNIT III FINITE ELEMENT METHOD , 2 Introduction ~ Discretisation of a structure Displacement functions ~ Truss element - Beam clement - Plane stress and plate strains Triangular elements UNIT IV PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES 2 Statically indeterminate, axial problems ~“Beams in pure bending — Plastic moment of resistance ~ Plestic: modulus ‘Shape faétor~ Load factor ~ Plastic hinge and mechanism ~ Plastic analysis of indeterminate bets ari frames ~ Upper and lower bound theorems sis of Space trusses using method of tens: its ~ Beams curved in plan Suspension cables suspension bridges with two and three hinged stiffening girders TOTAL: 60 PERIODS TEXT BOOKS: |. Vaidyanathan, Re and Perumal, P., “Comprehensive structural Analysis - Vol. 1 &-II", ‘Laxmi Publications, New Delhi, 2003 2. LS, Negi & RS. Jangid, “Structural Analysis”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications, New Delhi, 2003. 3, BhaviKatti, $.8, “Structural Analysis ~ Vol. 1 Vol, 2", Vikas Publishing House Pvi, Ltd, ‘New Delhi, 2008 REFERENCES: 1, Ghali, NebilleA.M, and Brown,1.G..“Structaral Analysis” A unified classical and Matrix approach” ~Sth edition. Spon Press, London and New York, 2003. 2. Coates R.C, Coutie M.G. and Kong F.K., “Structural Analysis”, ELBS and Nelson, 1990 3, Structural Analysis — A Matrix Approach ~ G.S. Pandit & S.P. Gupta, Tata McGraw Hill 2004. 4, Matrix Analysis of Framed Structures - Jr. William Weaver & James M. Gere, CBS Publishers and Distbutors, Delhi.UNIT- 1 FEEXIBIE | Tories alee BE. Stupier: | > Fy 2 Conga bibl > Pelinminole 2 Eee ae > Com > Anobyis gw pin - ted lid Conkinucns al clara Llc Soe sabiuchioes { : Lo po Ui) Raigad port | oe (wilh rn feme Makin _Methrvels « With the advent 6 compli mabiin. methoda a ware. ! sebvieg phivcliores become. Cds Thane ene (fae Riel a revbiine rrathods : 4, limalilty Mettod 2. Blokes Method Malpine Plenty Mathes AWsod known os Force methed or carpool aie ~ Pal rote 0 gtr ahaackina ve ole a coordinalis 7 am element ga medi neprortile a dp at a coordinadt «> olue to fore ab a w- ordinele Qo. F Element * _nepruenie ale 6 2 Tess] ies a1 ay| Compatibility is pimiler in concept le eqpititum I Howe we haw 2 pon covlinueus bear Ty ik obplck . be will hve a Hlepe Con » BC will have a slope Sb . But the beam ABC is ctonlinucus 2 Bure is no hinge at B se | Aec can bove only one ape at B. Hence [Pea lttue i Compa ie ih is nating hud th forces shad |be in ap brisern ie Suma gfe rebvis eqpecl bo zene ie [Er so. 2M] F |Determinare Ve Tn petermineTa “arRucToRes ETE Can be are “Carrot be. reed an compl | b Hales SS ly 4 digheinal ley & Ls sab map we von | 2. |Reachine rebrane indltpen~ Derenolent on member | dink, eeber popets peperlas j [al aaa Ditrwrirate Bbiudbinds | “Prcolerrinale Slouckars 3. = rl us Ore adldibienal fr | iene would be no fores Lack rocluces | cue to tack 9 fit - vie Vane | : a 4 3 ta rearelly adaiined Anfety aint i ee ebFlasitaiiy A Clappyntne * os Flanibilily 0 abiacline in olefinecl om tne divrplacernent coureal by o ere oe | Stiflrans qa ahualine ve alfeneal os one regpictod ra uni lacerneré : s Consider ree a below Which has E rr an | af Mh — eS se fbuilly april apa ch! as tae displacement Oy at foordifate © due to unik fore the Similarly te Hilfe o, the opoing is defereck os at coordinate, OD. =f a fre A produces a olin mene A, at ordinate @ Fully = 2. 6) ee) the fore Key) requied fer a unit dinpheenert at coordirole @ Sliljners = Pus bu . ao ki The number of, eypellions requirecl over aval above the equations 4 solic eqplibnin fer the analysis go vbuclinn 16 known ae te dep Rale Sy (or chaque 4 reclurdlarey of the Aine. | ry the olisplacement compenerit g tre Atrucliowes t* carrot be oliiiined by conapatblity equctions, alone, ty nel adelilioral eqwalime: barecl on [Leiner conclitione The number im conditions recoleol te fol the op the Abipchioe § Ore. | olplacement commponeite a oll aaa , knoun ab kineralie ecletinniinares or lagu oL fresco q the Mowcliore | Genvolized Coordiralé Syston: The dlindlions a fore’ or dispacirranie ta the sbuctinal as dro Brosh! as “Groreralived Cocli inate. For emample , tn the aralgis % Pings bay peal tony frame Ahowm in fh Be cworlinalis peleclid Ore 1,283 | ii | | | | a Dee | . 3 Gerumincel Coochinato in Plocilly, apponch: | Then seolunctart re peeeeeeecsrestseans a eal Veclor [A] y | by 7 AVo | {FJ = [i] a (4J= [sl Mp Or» Dy ahfpen mai mmathed , for te dine bay aval "y fom « be tworolina tis 42 oe as hewn e ie Tes F kB poe vectors one Gaeas by a: Ms {4} = tal zg [Pr] = [Ee Anayais. Of GrRDETRES By Fiesansry Memap: For Delininoke Stiuchious 1. Decide the gem coordinales 2. Decide the element coordinatis 2: Generate the lansforadion, mcg gohich sabia captin vector ©) 2. olmant vo vector fry’, im 7 we (b) {Fj ro5) Compu Soo im ed mathving [or] (eF" [of] [4] . 8) Comput tee diplomet {6 {ag {uj = Cay {Fy. InpeTerminaTe STRUCTURES : be Davide nthe primary Ahucline . Todicale reduncaats enske 3. Gennak the bnaforration mobiine Lb") {P4 =(b] {44 4 Syolberiee the elemenl | dhemerts placibalily rabies Ao Mes] = [3] * Bich infra fons $e} for which “a plasty nabiine | i i> read [+] vara Fhe | & Comp [0] {note the sraledion Note: Here orp pe ae tndhicaled by 2 be Trolak $4, a Jo fe corel ° {uy - a. - tne Covey” 1 Galak [a )* fay’ =a), [2]. (he CeIn (ag = (eF Le@) [4] | lad Wooo, okt vnc by + 2 redundhet | |: |§. Get 4rd Dp fo = fo) {8 fr yf (py - TPH fr4f ou the fio! member pores {PY awe alto the mgpert menars ob all fk Rorerton Th P OF and Ps Porees Ann DisriaceMenTs: ee alah ag 9 OY U, = §, cose Sphinn Us = 5) Aims + Fo CoserLu)” Leow coset boo J {uy = Cry {65 6 {= (Ty —.@ ie | tke convene rolalions ruprutntd to eqs. @ 2® & ' ab Painesp le 4 conibragracdisnce « | Se [as ~ 1474) tan be called aA6 Aion Cobb Trarvsformedion matin (271) excel “more Apecipically Rolabian erat Trang {ormodion Maia OQ . . fe , e ere Gexe tt. a ee eee A {Fh {uy fed fst | [ “Bhd ‘ | Culobal Coorclinads My, se enerk Con | To wt the g fiat, eolurn g te (27 maine, we hawe / fo apply a unit. fone ak 1 on te ryptin & find he esol opens haan rarely #1 Pe, Py Py & Po Who Fred , Fx 2 Fs ceo.ua — & Cc oan Sem ATR RH Pel, Pool, >%=P=0 . Hence the fina Column op [6] is [00 ooo)” SS © Sy a, <= Lk we apply Se a - P4 S. - = | Pyvo, P50, Py ot Let apply Bed 2 F,)2%2=0 Tepe > Pek, Pah, pynl, Reo, Part ible fs -2 2 o 2]T FE ia a a 3 4 2 A B 2, G $f 2 Spin Element Coorolinales ble haw geneneds Lh] puch thal | ty | | | AX] 2 4XSe0 391 2 (b) will be Age 4x3 To prone Pe Catena ELD PPT =F aahet B fa ff 1 Frases ai eee (Seems Mi, \ 77 > Dry Pyro The fine goluom gC) te [ie oot To 9 OT 4 (eJ opply Fo! rel sa ze Ret PA?| The second columo a (b] ie [o 1 oe)” To general. thé 'thind cetumn gq Ces apply Fyo4 | “yk ob Fa=1 (al ¢ as . Feo Pode Boog Py et OTe mmpet de #8, fH and 14, (6) agers spines sree pee ena (ey FL. ] , oe ry es eee : oF o Tak ve Ny & MySe 4 a ee) <= 4 es | To gt the fost Couron, @ (aI, opply a unk Load at | 2 4B and atind ard notation at B (5 ge oe afd te fin oh 2 hs | eL Shope at B = Ana g BMD + 6x aOa 2 (yw bind L (4 es" * bs +4) = 5A vet L G3) = (n*es* t)«(4+24 24k nee:a, =() xa xot) x7eeee an ex 0,, SEF SS oder, é 3 i +4) ad Sd nZt xa) »(72* ‘2 (42 ex = Ove YtTito ez = 2 sex | On, =(4* bx ly ) = A* 2eL As) (aes) » (Bees) = FAPAq) = 2er Applping a unit: moment at loordinak 2, ve Lx ke a a Gin = (Axt\y y L te = (ow 4 + (Arba) gb ake 4 be lsh 2e2 893EL Lexeeessssseeseseeieesess seme saase: eL 2ex Ag, = ae 2eL Asa = L - (exkbxet) aay nee / | = 683 : I SEL : a4 2 (Wx 2t28) > =a s . Se €L $ Appling a unite rmorent cong, edb +. Keg p__-.-}, | as Sy |e a zex ber 26D : f ro - Plebilly _ a] = ek ee 2er ber 2er Ser EF “thane ave tue Meoodinalss , tre “My the Perot ratio. will, “bes axe | To generat the ie cohurers ag the fll ton ae unit an eg co-erdlinall a ae «lL _ de a +). Bl Rist€x el ie Oy =4. [To gyre the sicerdl ecluron gt pl & = Op = 4 j mati, apply wnik fore oberg co-onbinete 2 anly |bifFaea AD, 28 ae & -_ i 12 ececass Ww a M ~ Diagsar . a > [S| (maes Bee s er “BSS SY q [Bag 2) [ore s (wt %)] / Oe 4bexr ! * I a meee e aa = (wetatte,) + (der) (tae = 74? S2EL Qs, = 714% g2erw i as, =((i«&%, ) x! (eka) res 4 eae CS es 22EL Se “Ge ~%)* (aex” : VS oe sex Tks g2eL 8eEx 3h 4, y a] Flan rab [a}= ° ie) eee Aber 328 BLD For the beam plant hi ipa te afi at roidtocin . o 8 Uy Ca een hed, EL=E Stip:a. The given Abuckinn being ovltiminat: , 4 otro “he 7 Mu we primary Abiucline Hence the tystim comrlivals Lab under 2 i A e yy © etn & Shep : | ae | Let us choore AC and CB fap elerreris ard define dlment Co-ordivalis ag) undir; oS Gat yA oe gprenot tha Ded. mathe rolalling mpptin force {FY ced eet oem fry Leb us gb t= apn rolinaites for the 2 elamerils , wchan Pel YY, pe+—_2, tI =[o -% Y% o]T [0 -% %o]7| f Mv, ae eee ak midypan is, Wh where Wet oe a a 2-1 © f2e-10e0 tn (s ° Ae Ss : _ 2 I geo . oOo =n i Sep Comput (a] fay = Leo" Ged Ce pee la(° 222) (5 Co 2-! |_* TT sy. [4 | fay Si (AJ clip 6 Find from fu = [4] £FY fu} _ a Ee 4% For a pmply apport beam with cwrtal prit is We eee GEL FE RE oeae th |X we 3 | os we Be hag, EL 28 od | —K——— p Syslira Coordlinals ge _4 ___ “ Ue iB Elumerk Coordinali < | pa 2 ¥ € = OK | ° ¢ ZS & , @ =Wh 2 ‘S y Ds s i sanjects MOE | eect SS eae | vad Ys BD voy | O8 ee Lo. Dor BMD ts fost Column ae) is i “ on oJ” eee | _ 7 os bo we, 2 | + The second cofuren % Bl is [2 os -os 7The tind Celawnn gle] « [o -% % oJ” Ss" gS. evr Gi) 4 AS fe By Me Ty 2eL a [al F -2 4 oer gh +IbKN ]rm IbKN A Vm er.3 trea . K— lpm ste tore —__y The Abuchine has 2 ges greeting Fag Caseannaed GF Tee LPS ayn is ab uncer (——» e— 5 The LS aylton bin 2 past fe2 ef rm f-—__ 22s o B wo. 5 a rae Pr 7 7 oF at BE 129K Mea 133-°33 , AB we 13333 Mea ~ 193-23, “WL 2 26 Mec Do... | | BS | g : \ cae = 20 Mea -20 ef Fy" = —3-33 : De —— — 2> Armmited lament oily -raibins [s4] tevey J= TL s6OLP Se TFG [oJ EJ fe} [0 5 (Goo) =f b)" (+, [e) 5 i a lo he 198, seal 1 18 18) esbf lool | Aj Eto] b21) | [ Si ha] | OD ee (APF 7S oer [2 - je 2 lea) Lo, Le 12 | oo € (oy th ae me get frst ened tence tarbes foes, kinemaric = INpeTERMINANCY ! As irdeieninaney theunsne, the oomplenily nwuatte or Pnibelty meted kinernalic Tadltinsnaney = Degiers % Pacsélern ) Debinnine tte Kinchalic, TrcedBeginghtiee ) To melnin 5, =1, we need, a P, = AE BEL Ah Than , fom condiierre. «Oe eqns, PR _shalt be: eqpal £2 P= hence Bod feb Celery CI a iD) Apply d= aed nodboain | (817°) ---O-—> 6-0 | kK So! To cawe a dixpbcmnk qt ak B, we ned a fore f ab 2 equal te BE (=1) To thie fone ‘Laium we ned an i lap ie foe in agin appari foxe ot A ie Pie, Here peewee ofan 474 | \ [k]} = [' “]= fw da 4ed,A=), Ez2, 02-3 ! La 0 | 7 To fod He fost lame UT apply uit clipart ai a? ard rufrain 2 fom , | or fe ed n= peg |«ith ner | raspeck t te 2 coowlinalis shown in se }———— | | To olwelep the i cea, : apply unit abipheement olong te ber a ees ee K— * 12eLr na fut gm gt et oe ‘, a we TeJeith suport to te 4 digi fused es -——_ a + [1 gonads the fist to the Are wanes appl a unit dhiplactrnent: ak a only, | ‘i Bo oe | Qe | | ie he secona) coluron 4 [ed rahe fo 2g .eae “ reg oe ;$-————— Gert/s> : |i | eer ber if rea ee . 125/48 yer] e }- Beep Pig =bET joer bE The trind teluron 9 [e] le 7 bee é ez] Wd thind ese apply S4=) ‘ 24 0 -i2 bh - = 2 Loe 7 ‘ {k] art o 38h 6 aw io —bh 12 —bh bh 28% oh 4a? keanor. | nCoe Le Herice Hie Altos mate (4) =) ben AGT) 4 BETS Lr © Goncrsk the abifoine metbine for the rtinclie with to-ordinalis hewn in spe 2 IN uN\3 — — “oe mitt | Apply weit AOS. yy Ka,bE “ ter 242 ber Stirs maine [KI = ee 2er = ser 6ELEG The second — Colurnn 4 [k) is fe 2 ber-b et " ec fen want aie oer a= 4 € -]7 co ovelenale: 3 only y |The thee — coburn 4 [pe] i C4 Applying a 2 unit dirplacenent at Coo a bEL, et, oe bens were / gs (ee ber) pape ers GET 2 / a 2 - a ‘The oe column a [kJ is [oe et ole6 O * T* ‘ ‘The Hilgrors evans [R]=]|° 4 2 6 7 4 2 i by | 12 6 6 Sb : i Aralpis Using Sian math: be Stps1 Aatign sapien coorclinalis , Nerrnally one co-ordlurlls shall be wigned bo cach umlnoun nedal displace mark Slap :2. phe tne Houchive inte component units gq elatpets tie eda ewordirals for the enemies @ eget erent lp: Evaluate elemant fons. Fon fletaae perverse as aly mgt hah Bains dos fone rot at ‘the obogelunalig G lp flap 4 Porra the [BJ malbvie JP) corrects the spin Np: Form the element “aiferesratiicrs [F),[ha)...-Lhe] : le all the ements | inte iwchioe 1 foro [h] Be Insembled element tffners melee u fy] oO oO ‘ : Lr] [e {kJ | ' fb s Oo (ee) F p26 Fm oe pin ae enon [KT] ong elétion CKJ = (P)" Ce] (P] ip: Get [KJ™ ie:8 Comput the Ayplim ipcorat vedor 1, guy = (KJ fet f°]| equation $69 = (pI) §u9 [Slip 10 Gok the cerrerporling element fores ian by {pth = fpejefP dagal 2 tre he 21% Te fo foe pn Step 12, Sketch the end moments jp bontrg moment arigiam perinpond on Me. iP) uv [D455 Traweforaion Modtiwre 0 For the element cvordinals 2 ayptirn coorduinales | gireo dulimine tre B malin | a 5 : so WaT Be an one feo TRI | tel, (eo (6x6) le hg Apply aun, disphcement at aptin coordinate 1. only : First Cour = | VW, | Ly S ee Fe ke| DM 4, [ hy Secord column is |° ° | erly a unit dinplactenent at coorduncds Sonly. = aa ie Third — Column is | Si o oO Lr J (i © =¥ <0") [pb | 7 OO Ves. . Ol” | ¢ ) e—$§ 29. | Fined End Mamerts : * aowe 8 2 , Map 2 RS ESOP i2 Me = wl* Be = Wh” _ doen 12 Mrec =-Wt) -190x6 _ 7 aS aN Mecea = FokNrn bo (PJ ¢ jue 90 Te form [B} mocilnic Apply unit, obyplemunt ab splio connate pane , iU ae le PE =%0 90 2 O4+60 -Fo+0 (FJ =[-30] Fore + opplid at “pio coordirats [et] = [6] There t& no ecdlitnal fore ab the sation coorolra rlemank Blffrere male [Kn] : Py Set LAT oe cas] Awsembled) Element nese rmatnire [RJ 6.67 03 ° o fej = et 0-33 a ° oO ° ° ©-b7 0-23 S So 0-23 O-b7 Syphiro Siffre mobiin, Cle}: (KJ = [PJ7 fe (PI (kJ = [o 1) oj er oer oo 2 = 4 oO O 0-67 0:33 io o 5 0-23 O67 x = EL[0-38 O67 0-67 0:33) ° i 0[Kk] = 1b34Er [k]" = 2 (-34EL | Sytere displacements {uh | {uh = (k" {cr - te] Element dlisplacernerts Csy: & 3 \ i) c63 =f) ¢ <> | AaLg S34 | éb ex | © | (6) = aL | 22239 ex | 22-39 ° LP] = be) (89 = Ex | 087 033 00 ° 633.067 © © 1. |2239 © 0 O67 0:33 JET lo 5 ag ° 0 033 O67 °eee 1s loo, Fink foun CA) = (re) + O° - | -60 bo =. 40 ¢ SS 52+ balikeNen =T51eNro 52.6) 75. 15> RP 3G B —TEKNm Ce nT BQKNM , 7534 is 1S 738 ie Sinply appetted Bern momen | 2 MraB = a 3 _ !20x%b6 - oo 20K b™ . aokNm, = 180KNro,mete “ ~ : = Mp / f r : : S$. awe « 4 . o [b) = i O. Me A Fones to element coordlinals te find end rrernerste o || [P°J = ° aw 8 Wh age Find od aed pret TES a oO (F°} 2 fo rid o] ‘a (Fd = (ge) Fores applad ak 44 coordinalts [F*] -b] {Cr Legh = (ea- 685} = wh gi ve h)- £2 [23] okey Lk L2 4 | Arumbled element Aifprse mabze [k] ee Oo 2 4 ° ° pro o APO eres ln a rb [| Le] = Ce) 50k) (Py (k] = [011 a] «£3 & Of Oy 4) tng 8 gq 6 WP iyo ee i 2 yah] "EL ara] a ger x bizplaceaerb {uy fuy = OI" [09 -[Fg} = Ad x wh BEL. 8 $uy = _wit m=96CPJ = (kJ [5] = ox xk 64 wl 4 2 [P= ou | Pink dd GP) <1°) + [PI 5) o 7 fal “ast Atos] g 64 ° | Lwé/g } fo.osi25 ° \ o = WL | o-oo25 | 4 WL] Toros 0.0625" o125 0-032)25 | o.0g25 (Pty = WL | cobs -0:0b25" ©. 15625 raeai yn : pio 58 ¢ ) .¢ | oS + ' eth Syitm vorbis Element Coordlinatis Fined End Monnens : Mpap = -WL = -b0x%4 = -30KN™. 8 WE = 306KNmie =r es Mec = od ce = wath = sox 42Kr Le er = 106. GTEKNm . Meep s0, Meroe =o. Transformation Malice Applying anit displacement the final column J ps {fr ee ooo] ak Coordinalé © 4 a | | ° 4 ' ° ) oO t oO ° ° oO oO[pe]= J -s0 50-5232, 106-67 © eo)” ph ot rat at the fined coowdinalés g the sysbin ane fey = (F)” 1r4 = t oe °o 0 OO 73° . o Oy eo 1c) a Sy: 53-33 i LF} = ps0 4 tk) LS : Hye is no Sunce a ys ab type ™ cooraiina Ez , (FRIAS Element Sbiffrene Mabix kb, = £E|**% ~ ex\! °? | zg |o4 o os |} | 0 3 ks =Et {4 ¢) 2 ev 0.67 oO | Lj\o2 4 0-33 o- ke = EL | eee eee cee a4 0.67 |. ES eert z ae P Cr s— 0 06 Og Spt ayers mali , tog @Wo © © we = (Losses te acs \ (8 ofr loro © o&pe7 ons o O ee) ee eee er ce in a oo © 13s oft | ae Bo oe © 0-67 132 po r § = i os | = : os | CSF wee’ dO: 5 OT © 0-33 o 13e [9 o-b7 b= el “ “Syn duplocent: fey =" (UF £65) ‘[K} = 1 — adpl (Ky ez |b ” -O> so ol — FO oc) Joes 1bod out ws 4 1} = («7" [le)- ted} EL 9.45 =! ! "sg -o¢ | [2°] EL 275 fos 1 | [28:38 elo Go — bbe EL 2.75 |-l54+ 28.3% =| ; aS EL ode | 388% {uj = # | 3-02" | Element diplacernend ° 1 2 aap 93-44 (8) eo 8-024 8-024 EL 5 3-099Final t tpJ= 14) £8) {os = EL \os 1 O67 0°33 1 0-33 ObT 1-33 O67 B67 12> [e'J= [ 30 pro7 202 1 4:02 2-02}! (pe = [-3° 30 BB32 doves : qT lob: 61:0 o| gptye Rds iP") \513) F [ >? SPD or.9 : ATLT Ryo ‘ porn, | Semply pepported Bercling Mornenke : Mas = WL = bOKE | Coknms 4 4 Mee = Wab _ (20 * FEZ E160 KNew | 4 cs 1 BX Hey : ~ ho1 67 6 a2) i e Bon \ Piin-Joinlid Fromes Members i A pe foot pon one redomivonthy in bnsim 2. compnersin » There : shear . The members petdom duvelep bending or heat . | member endl urdge Aimar olintl sk in the fooreinate oliuctine (%, 7% oF Zz).Sa: -). : ; Jeanne | To gi Ip] ines ye @ wh at global toordinala , rv Do! > wit dbspolarcernent Abong 2 =o : 2BDDb,= Cas bo° H Fos 3>Dp, = os 30° (*] = [e)” [eJ[P)“> plese Hage monks the “Age at hich 20 increase, Abiatn , cloeanct preduce an énorwascel dus (or resistance) the Abwie consequent 4 Abele Aelilies ot a volue known as gol Ars (Ty) a. == ip benching an dna jth cwwalire oloes nob produce an inewase io momet |p < : Covidien a peckion OF A UT ——r—t— st ts tyemebiteal about one aris (yards), Let the bearn be mubjeclid |e émeneari Jes. When the moment, is | be in tee elastic Aarqe bo ae bottom breeM 2a oY yey —s ‘ My = oyx a edule \ : ) hen the nenk io uncucrtel — beyond) rooment , a ulih i will sbuakeh footie but will nob take an Abies. Hence the oe fibus oe Risse. ee balan “alage the top fjbve willlalbe peel. papi gy oes rig Tee . symmcbcal about bebh ances thee will s ro higlog re the” reitral ame. oF The awishig moment Sor prdcg ee futty plowks . loge ve called] pladic mement Mp. Mp = oy: =P. Ty = gid ae Zp = plosbie medlhe of sectionOT : Dd Sr ou mt wont fly planted or gil el of resistance a A rou ptions : oi 1) Plane transverse ppdion. 7LME? plane after bending . “ 38) Maloial hemegieovs onder 7 2) Thee ie no resultant o. on the beam |S) de q be Baers San Perri! pee oy ue cule! to plane bench. amis legs pe + cpl stl tol without ope wee wy the =" “Ss ae « be 4 ic “ We AWS i \& \an gs ~Mp = (64-41), + (Sy: Aa) Go Mp > oy [CoG + y)] Mp = oy ACy +B] Mp 2 Oy. Zp 4 (FE) he. . pe BOS 4 Tg phil modulus grea redlion SP cepa * | . hove Ite pure of the fist Peers eee & - ard below. the NATED Sree was Ire praclcbus Actes gornp lehly plastged cxctn [ Shape flor: (8) rae is an the velio 4 = ae | mement fre rorine go recber He yell manel ey L section . S= Me My Ca a re jeclion 6 = ap Plostlic ulus Be Fn| 2p> AL[H rR] As (pxexy,) «> = bd i ee ee Zp = (bd) 2) [% + ty] Zp = bd® > if 12 s SS cr S&F IS = (ry S$ Be be, oeAre An = A/e y bids = 4, (bd) —>O by = dit YN Le yn dy = yy, real © yt tte = ybd di ee aesa go Ob) : ety Yo = pissd Zp = i) (0.2364 a ised) Zpe 0-048 ie oy Be 5. 04175 ba we /o4 & a 2 dA. —- 4 4 Ev vu Kb — shape factor oe z-%%y TZ Te Peer da eS g =4 ug Zb . zp- bt fe 4, | bd® 2 bdr ” 7x6. Ke Zp = bd> ‘ ue bd? [1 Ss SPs Ba"/o4. eerG@r 8 1h 5 al 7 TT je de Ga : i : : on 2 u Fu g " ¥ SI & oli & ¢ S a ia ge aoe el 1 2yreD dw Foy “é th. Be wi = BeoO Folly plc memant ig corsiclored bo howe oleveloped at any chien go iuckine subjectid feo mplem & toads, whin the seclin is completely ictal or plowifd Te hee on one aide 9, E.AA ae com pression te otf fide one in Lesion The seclion oe Like a if hinge. This hinge ie known as a pladic hinge. : Mechanism A sable pam i Lem oble bo nese oligblacernent Thene bas to tbe % fore corretpercing to a dlisplacernent . A els plaretirent without ‘restebance. w calked a nigh beady Abinplacernent . Sbruckines have Carne ees at howe. ae bed | then an Sr splegaee indeleiminale I okleminale. dele 0 plate bigs , we becom farebir Gp 00 otal, Fiege vile len ouch im mmacbaniamn » Tre food Wah ace the Cnt ak henge be form i the ceblapae Aeod, dam , tb Becaune once a Sbowcline becomes a mechanism [will coblapse. xPind Bear Porbal Pram.Gable fem: tornbined Mechanthm B Cnaporitt or P enkinalin be aieinme Waapence’ muchanisrs Methods 9, plavé rae ; 1. Stakic Method ademabie Mettedio” Medonirr « ate Mb SS rn ae bev os an ose [expatica Berg vvarere, Aegior es | te momunts ant not tran Mp oe Lhemal: t the wore egpok te the bee than OY al . oad | Meckansaro meted : | A dood) computed 99 He Baws oH 0 nme wactenie 6 olinye gool: Cor ox at beuk equ to the bre wlimate ead.d = vllimak Load S25 eeaf of U a imate eh ISN fro. Te beam ts “apy whed ab the ends. Deri a suilalh LP xdlix oT wig plesk Heo, assuming Dead 25 x (Yaxbx3e) We =2250 Wr = We 2M pe 2258 x P= yx Zp Zp = Mp oyo = Nas x 1b as 250 2p = 4-5 x107 mm Shope poclor fer ZT seclin os bie Z= 2p 3 = 4.5 x 105 Lys 2 > = 341-304. x 10° mmS = Adopt 28LB 275 @ S20NJ|m her ba ta tn RO in bs _Dédimine the¥ Mechanwstn — 1. = S y Wer Sy, Fray 28 + Mp& = 4 Mp& s1be = 4M p& Mp = 44 BN Mectanvsm -2. yaoxN) gegen e, So ae sare Gx O56 = 40 Gera = OFO-50 el sp 8h= be, room eB=192*8O + Bx 4E = bese ‘ lz = Mp®& + aMp(I56) +O =4Mpe.. 4MpG = 2be8e » Mp = 672kNm Mechanum — 3 We = Mpe * LMp x3e +O = IMpe- “Mpe = 1446 - Mp= 6144 7 : : Mp = e@17 kN . The ruquuredd Mp of the beam section shall be. Mp = 8777-71 buen. ( Highs: Valu’)the rrunimun Sead ot “hie collars ett | is to be token 5S bow hate monunk, Highest Volue le L ruachone ets |” te ve Me Sp Wo. e * ) Em EMP, = » Dogue 4 redurdarey , ro 3 (No. g closed ; Leops) {Word eases!Y) Beam mechanism 3) Column rrechanisr : . B) Seay mechanism D Combined mechanism . Bearn Mechanism : Ce hes ye wy (48 =gM@p *+Mpoe — pe ne + 2Mpl) wh ‘ = 7Mpe heglov . ee W = 28Mp 2 x \win = 2Mpe + rpll + Mp (26 we = Wp Une) + Ww (Lie) :ir, aSpace ANP copie“ STRUTORES cp brome nic Metre 9 Tonnion Copia ) Using method gh benvion (o' tanto , aval ye the. pose bus tour in fg: on find bs forse the members % the brs ead — 1 4 SS $e % Ke TPP Se” eo Hab 9 | c Noes : (ose _ ee? Teint A corsidired 9% origin ard coordlinakes, amis %,¥ ano Z are ae Aeoum , The © 6, ot rece Joints monkul & fig one B).No ete Coordinalte x y = 1 A b x B 3 4 oO * : & o O° a Dp 2 o S&S2Mz20.- Sry =0 = BO-Rax =O Rex = sow<—) ehyr 0 > Roy o — Reg 20 Roy = Rey, S2Fee0 J Rez +Reazt Rez -15 = > B TS oO < Rae +Rez +Rez = 15 < = S$ e A Moment alu te Linn A les eve’) Emueo. Ss @a xs Re2X*4 e715 o D ° N 1 ( w : cv Nn y@A =O (50) Rex x 4 + 5OX® — Rey xe + Rey = db 61 RN Rey = -R ca Ie bTRN . g Row ea). S = hte d* S ban Be ae1 Pind tre 8 area pommisdede Aruss name cable teal Pree to excecal | é | boON | mm” eso _ i —H die : v c Z | P=gbonn|m ea , Dig mm Levgth a Lidge Lewd bn by | hwo cable, < 1xibx 25 = 400 kiifon fora tts Load in cach. calle = 200 BN rna Hevigenta pull in bw : = pet = 200 x 5D” Bxa-2, = 1488 1) kN Mou. bensdon in te cable = r= ae = 1598 Sey T= 15698 «5 x 193 a N Troms = Paya 15098 -Sxk= 600. A As delbbrnah. . fo The ined minimus tye dire 9 te cadble =261b 4000 DA cathe of hor'2onbal -Apare pV ro i bo be used b Aloe equal Loada a 40KN each at 8m Pr me lal tik gp Bch Linitid T 200. | én dL. tngth 2AM said ond obio Us wedioral onsa if tne tafe Hirsile diese is te moe "tear ot ea ‘A /& 4 nA , 7 @O kN aoe ais AdkN—4-0, 4) 40 Bo ase anesVi NS & exo = 12OkN To fed the horizenkal pull : Equalng memes alm cg oll the fonass ore Aide qc te zero. Vee — 40x 1S —Hxe =o. HH = 360KN < EB vq rents about D 0: ja0 *3 x i d Se Toki vein ott E fA Gage — sexde = 40x83 =O " dg =1¢bb7m pe = (ear DE = 3-D13m Taking momen about F lox d — gboxds — 40xb-40%3 =0 | leon x | EF sy 3%+(2-)-66D* | EF =3-018m i Pos 5m=2(S-1b2+ 3-073 +3-018 4 ns) 8 = 21-50br5 x Mooumum, Tension in the Cable, Trax sf yey a = 1207 + 360% Troan = 870-47 KN Trax =o. A - A= Trax 2 310-47 x 16" = oS 750, A = 505°-db mam “The required recticral coisa 9 the able A = 506 monk : Inchor cable paving over pulley c L & ' ik Verlizal, prewiant ss ENjq + 7 005 Opp : Vr Vr = tT cosOs + Tosa = VtT sea | BoM 6) bow 8 tower = Hr xh | .© vertical, component By tre “Gormequink B-M on the Fyler | 3) A putpension lb rg pen loorn 2 olip tom | The movement tan cuate an eccertinculy ip the padde pooed rotlere - SR Nek how. naachion = 0. Ta Ts Te Sin Oa =TrSinSa=H. Vip = Ts cose + Te Cosbe Aine Hr = 0. BM =o This rasbbifcaion Gf, hinizonbal pull ia adhuived by on Ofpropeialz herizenbol movement Os Aradale | —peoeing_ a. _wtidonn dieilnted Load Skule hoviagenbol Bpans over. Ere (pan - Prd the Fea 2 horizontal” formes i to the pyfers- vA * _ wom Ve —— \4> - > 5 PH Al d= ioe {? J L p28kn|m - ay} table i porezd over a temeath pully BD Y calle ip elarped $5 0 adalle with nelle on be the pins FS ib makes 0° te the horzontol . ‘oereeees a z Zz Le eee Ome Ee cone © ad xD ‘ TA = YVEFH™ = J 400% +1000 Ta =Tg= T = l017-03EN. | a) brehor cable parsing ovr pulley. Verbial poomrels Vig + Tees bo" ov pw J” S > 400 + (017 @ ~ 1077. 4énbe* y SS 129 1KN i t+ 6 cable over, 7 ) __ peng eer <= Hat= Ma 7 loo = TI sep bo T) -11BE TKN ical, peri pite Neb ver Pe V4 T) C0660" = 400 +154: 7 60" = 417-aa Nek bow. force =o.tee 9 ee eT ospport by carly wills ert poink doads Z00kN each ane tne cone Line cp tte nocd pon Be OF‘Ge ~—}50*% 230 =O Ve = sibKN : as Ve eenune Vet we ae le = BEN. He Vexies ~ ga xo VpXt25 5 84 XI2F acon 25 Et BM fro fap Come = Ve x 1875 = nq , a Vp Kou xy 2 Oye BETS oD 1878 Lid wea” = -2baeKNM. * ie Shao fore: ee bane = 4d_ (49%) Tai Nee Amer S 6h I yee 2-84) — 420402 } ‘| = -)bS1eN - Vers = $V + Htan® = - 84 +420 xO =o Veatiat_pubt on the cable (Ws Trax = 4) Ve? + =) 168% +4207 Troan = 452: SB RN i ¥ fof on _ an | | Bh = (4x60) i ~ J) A surperisien cable 5m horizental Apan 2 eenbral he i AP aan hos a Ate hinged at bot ends . re otto Lonel ee fe the a 7 Is own weighk % 15006N. The gr cart O lve Aa! g 30 BN no uniformly alidbibutid over “the fof hal 9g Apan Aneuning te gid & be coil , ealewtale te hear. fora’ 2. &.™M in the gine £ 20m pron the tft Pupport Advo cabeubete fhe haptimum lnrion in the cable gorbo .a15@ d = 6m DL = )pDO KN LL =30kN}m . gj rage LL te bransmittéd ae ud) bo te cobb Wholewer the position a the Lead .Va = Ve = Goxa7- 8)+ |b0° 20x 87 5+ °° a = 1312-5 kN wena kN) ~ fe < (G0 x37 5) AIF A op AS ptt SEN exe He = Wd = PA. 2 00x 77 ed pap 7 A SEN Hoe Aol bIeN pz+iai2-5™ Home 2 PIES Tae A208 SRN \ 1 on(15 20) 24:69 Y oom = BARDIA ee a oS a a — te 214 : 1s* Me 2° Wyn - 20K ST 5X BTR sO 2 Ve = 28125 EN. Va 2 Bhar TFEN . BM = Yaxr2o7 He q- vox ded = 2ba0-AZENM- y tane ~ wt QF = Yao 1157-8 x0:149 ~30x20 gaa 5 — x ge = 18 loeNFunke Flement |Vletnon FEM nepnesents an entlinrion o reabvine ri t barie poopy af this mated 2 es ov infers no. a wn b Hheroabad ue ie 2 a. a. Pivcnelizatiin WY eepiniaim othe Aruchie » Sebcliin < clispbacernert- mole Element prperlius rates a element properties t get oe ra % basic unkne wns (ound Compabeién % element ants 2 Hoare : Finding (he momenta 2 forces . ‘ fol ith have Lhd or file na wa {} clin theomen olivenete pools. Pe hulps ub bo | Waralpre tne suction ited i com p hicaled gory , bourdlong conditions , teadling Banc ips involved ip — Pela: fhBb iv be procts® Gy Aeporelig bras , coun or volume we wank te anakyye its dtscrelt poate or elomerits , )-D Elements ; Bear > 1-D element . climsdetoral, beam Lt can be pple uste eherrent « 2D Blements 4 plane woallin, plete , diaphacgrn , shal , inl Brell eked Coup be. oppproni mated Oba arvcembig. 4 2p ~ tlmenk. Triangular clomerts one the mote | weeel bes. 8-PD Blemen Analysis 4 peidl bookies ( Aoemes, in engine ee / foundalicns eke) Call for bre use EL 3D rolid elements : Drowbock = ee & complere .ke an probleme that ove re aautroed w (we car make a. huge aimplificalish . A Ip re carn resent ie @ smapoce geunated by reliling F tink Aine cement on puis 2p -Ale > reprennt Aolid at . Dirpheement: Fanclions : Bearo Element : a _ { {— >. a S & oa ——_ Fe aa. 1 < UYPwesx ; Duplocement a : i Uley = Ae + an Ue) = fi “ °°) 0 fe We = gee [2] O° ° i @ x =0 Ul%> = Uy eu, = Ao+@e)- Op tee ae nebude Le} Lad | j= (NJ Cay Ih. J -IT TL — © U Sxy = geo(ny” [uJe. 4 5, a. oy — b Mev SS TO + LSE (eH [ee] — <= SF WSO twa" (4 Je ' (uy gevtvT” [ue] ot a = Vy kx oeBb A — > Iwoo N ¥ <— 3m > A = 0-4 m* 7 & 2 Sx 10'N Jy Ur ua Us Us. . | [Sen [:Sro- be Ae [; -j n cl a e [: | — i | Ls 6 at i» | 4 -\ - SO SS) 1. x10 Us. (° {* Oo -F 1 UsLs xiol? | tooo | 55> x10, Vt ND bbs materi i Pe kim PS 4 true ay kJ = & E ee 8mm = (8) XL [4% - 0 42 Oy [ate ~r0? bin wh ae ee : nrg te Hoo dimirsiral, bre fuucline f L Ahown belle w forraulae the glo kal a mob (39) The ort a foadicg one. rarmsbical about P cone Lune, A = same - Fake E = 2% 08 KN mn 1oRN 2 (0-866)SA AGE hh = | (086 -o)* E {rs -o) 5 . an El = )132m.. des = 1-732. fs = [Goomo®y Geog (es - 201) a C45 ~ yi)® - Sy L = 1m os = Im. “ ln = 1m Sy = S | Diuelion comines RIS Flement® Li = %. — 4 OS LAP ia re roan Bee Flemnt (3) - Due & veel kg = OS) my 2 ote E lernt ) | da g) ois - 6866-0 | tex = 0-866 TTElement @) lo = %2-%s © -Bbb - 0-:Sbb © feo 1 Mp = Yorda see. a4 deo ' Qe Ringe” - 2,7 —fims (kK), = AEs | yy, ee ey em ey J 2RY & Ix, 1 Qyrn| —Lim, —m~ Qm, m,4* De = 0422 —-O5” -0483 [6); SAE So \ 0.933 ose -0433 —{0 866) kd -(og -0O4283 ost O43 D422 — (o.etht) 04320-6664) i O44 O15 -Olgy TO2e : [kK], = AE O26 043s ORs ~O =O 1Gy Hous Oleh ONT | fi ~02e 0433 OD O43, i (K) = [eJs | i) =A OTe 0432 ~OTS - 0-433 | A 7 C452 O25 —-0433 —02! -O75 0433 OFF OF: ~O43 025 0433 05[kJ, - € e oO oo s 1 © 1 eo -) fee oe 4 Pe -l oe. | 9-894 0-683. -0-)0y Lo.25 ~O'1s -0-433 [K] = Ax ox108 + “ a O-b68s 0.684 025 -dy23 -0433 O25 ry, = ae Vis tends WOYE= Yor dys Ga Ging T= USNR 5) 2 = Xie eg 5 Me HM 2-%, ga =f) * ge 1 Hs Yo ) Xe de W (mig) = fe . [\ © Np ON, of Vouy) ON, 0 Ns O Ns] oe ‘ : 4) Element propertias | :Qu Ow % Ov 4 mie Y, “4 sdbpain inpbrcennt vector ey = (JA ape L_[% o % 0 Va © 2» fe) [BE oo Sap Y) 4, t2 A te Ie s : & s&s ! Re) = [BIL [re] Be. . S a ou! ov . ay ox : Ws Por age [og oy DUS oe a H Se le For plane thain care —pR oK oO [pJ = es = “Cae Geen) TR e . oO EXmoo found consittent Loaole ean be cleaved using a fry, fig The coordina git an. in mre. Aspume. blane boxe corclilien’ . ‘ E = 210 x 10° N fin, 203, b=Smm .Va vy, ee ae 2x2TS oO = SH >[4 = 20 x wo | 16.08 ~4 12 —le TS — 625 27-8 33-75 - 6-25 625 leg 15 TS -325 —lo brs 425 38:75 to TS -10 #4).2 | 325) ~62-5 38-79 | bo 425 67.) 405 bo ~32.3 OTS -305 (oa)| circle | Ay memiencle = gE | 3T 1 Qudnact ae cia i 3m 37 | ‘Trapezcare OrHr+ab (204) 4 Burm) “(aon ‘6,. q 7 — No. Ael cline h 4 = No % ra (SS e a hy + aa = ke B . q con ent m 2 re Roe pant {ly xx by gx ( 5}. Yel Pp. rRe =che ea . a . : . 7 5 —* 10x20 —T 16 ~10% 10. : = Voe¥e = eS B10. wads In A we : e M BABS X 30 —HxBsA ~ 10x20 - 1OKIE~IoxI0 = 1S _ 189 ~ 280 — 150 ~ 10 15°55 — 30 $ = af Ss G