Cherukadha

School of Distance Education
E
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C
E
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ae-bmf sNdp-IYm kmln-Xyw

For
BA MALAYALAM
II SEMESTER
(2014 Admission)
CUCBCSS
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
CALICUT UNIVERSITY PO, MALAPPURAM, KERALA, INDIA - 673 635
ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
BA MALAYALAM
II SEMESTER
CORE COURSE

Prepared by:
Sri. Kamarudheen Parappil

Ass. Professor
Dept. of Malayalam
Farooq College, Kozhikode -673 632
Layout: Computer Section, SDE

(c)
Reserved
samU-yq
samU-yq
II
samU-yq
III
samU-yq
IV
ska- II
tImgvkv 2
]T-\-k-abw 108 aWn-q
s{IUn-v-5
Dt-i-e--y-:
ae-bmfnse Ghpw P\-Iob KZ-ym-J-ym-\-cq-]-amb sNdp-I-Ysb Ipdn-p-ff khn-tij ]T-\amWv Dt-iy- w. sNdp-I-Ym-N-cn-{X-nse hy-Xy- kvX Ime-L---sfbpw {]h-W-X-I-sfbpw ]T-\-hnt[-b-am-W
- w. sNdp-IY
- b
- psS kmt-Xn-IX
- I
- s
- f-p-dn-p-ff kmam-\y- [
- m-cW Dm-hW
- w. sNdp-IY-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI hni-Ie
- \
-
- n-eqsS hnZ-ymn-If
- n Bk-zm-Z\
- t- i-jnbpw km-I
kn-nbpw hf-Ww.
samU-yq-1
sNdp-I-Y--\n-N-\---{]mKv cq]---\m-tSmSn IY-]m-c--c-yw, temI-IY KZ-y-hnIm-kw-A-S- n-hn-hw B\p-Iq-enI {]kn-o-I-cW
-
- sIm-tfm-Wn-b kzm-[o-\w-B
- Z- y- I
- me IYm-Irp- Po-hnX ]cn-h-\-ns ap{Z-I \th-m\ IY tZ-io-bX kzm-X-{-y-k-acw
kmaq-lnI apt-- dn-b-enkw tI-k-cn-bpsS kw`m-h\ in]-`-{ZX cq]hpw `mh-hpw.
hni-Z]
- T
- \
-
- n\v
1. Zzm-cI th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb
2. ssSK _jo
3. DXp-ms InWn Imcq
4. tNme-a-c- kc-k-z-Xn-A
samU-yq 2
kzm-X-{-y-{]m]vXn ]mf-I-Y-I ]pXnb temI-t_m-[w--`q-]-cn-jvI-c-Ww--hn-tam-N-\-k-a-cw-h-y-n-t_m-[w-a\:imkv{X hni-I-e-\- Im-h-ym-I dnb-en-kw--B--\njvT-- {Km-a--\-Kc
kwLjw--Bh
- n-jvI-cW coXn-bn h am-.
hni-Z]
- T
- \
-
- n\v
1. inem-en-JnXw Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb
2. aI Sn. ]-\m-`
3. B-dnbmw k-dnb
4. hmkvXp-lmc {iocm-a
samU-yq 3
B[p-\n-IX
- - -am-dp PohnX ]cn-kc
-
- \Kc-h-cW
- w kz-Xz-{]-Xn-k
- n--BJ-ym\ ]cn-kc- AkvXn-X-z-hm-Zw amdp e-Ime t_m[ Idp lmkyw cmjv{Sob B[p\n-IX anns cmjv{Sob hmb-\ inYn-e-_nw-_- ]pXnb `mhp-I-Xzw
hniZ]T-\-n\v
1. apWvU\w sN-s PohnXw Fw. apIp-
2. \memwbmaw Fw. kpIp-am-c
3. Ncn{X ]pcp-j Sn.-hn. sImp-_m-h. (hn-Sn-tm \ni-_v-am-Wv)
4. ]n-t`m-P\w ktmjv Fn-m\w
samU-yq 4
amdnb temI-ns {]Xn-\n-[m\w B[p-\n-I-X ]pXnb ss\XnI ka-k-y-I D]-t`mK
kwkvImcw A[n-\n-thiw ZenXv Xncn--dn-hpI {]hm-k-temIw ka-Im-enIapJw
BtKm-foI-cWw ]mc-n-Im-h-t_m[w
hni-Z]
- T
- \
-
- n\v
1. A hp hn. ]n. inh-Ip-am
2. {`mv kn. A-
3. Zm t\mq Hcp ]n {]nb. F. Fkv.
4. X]w kp`mjv N{
klm-b-I-{K-
- :
1. ae-bmfsNdp-IYm kmln-X-y-N-cn{Xw tUm. Fw.-Fw. _jo
2. sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw Fw. ]n. t]m
3. sNdp-IY Cse, Cv Fw. AN-yp-X
4. IYm-]-T-\- ]n. sI. ]c-ta-i-z-c \mb ({Km-hen)
5. IY, BJ-ym-\hpw A\p-`-h-k-bpw sI. ]n. A
6. sNdp-I-Y-bpsS Nwv hn. cmP-Ir-jvW
7. IY-bpsS IY sI. Fkv. chn-Ip-am
8. 100 hjw 100 IY sI. Fkv. chn-Ip-am
9. IYbpw `mhp-I-Xz ]cn-Wm-ahpw sI. Fkv. chn-Ip-am.
samU-yq 1
I
1. "_ml-ytam B-ctam Bb Hscm kw`-hs
- -p-dnv {]Xn-]m-Zn-p `mh-\m-krjvSn
Fv sNdp-I-Ysb \nh-Nn-Xv ?
D. tkma skv tamw
21. Hcp sNdp-I-Y-bn Htcsbmcm-i-bta \n_-n-mhq Fv \nt-in-Xv ?
D. lUvk
3. "sNdp-I-Y-bpsS "Zi\w'F IrXn cNn-Xv ?
D. {_m amX-yqkv (1885)
4. "]sm-Xmw iX-I-ns ]p{Xn-bmWv sNdp-IY' Fv A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv ?.
D. Fen-k-_v t_mh.
5. ""cp t] Xn-ep-ff \mXn-ZoL kw`m-jWw'' Fv sNdp-I-Ysb \nh-Nn-Xv ?.
D. hn-eyw ktcm-b.
6. {]mNo\ IYm-cq-]- Xe-ap-d-I-fmbv {]N-cn-n-cp--Xv.........-eqsSbmbn-cp-p.
D. hmbvsam-gn.
7. tIc-f-n {]Nm-c-n-ep-m-bn-cp hmbvsam-gn--Y-Isf sNm-Y-I, ]mp-IY-I ,
]mp-I-Y-I Fp cmbn hn`-Pn-Xv ?
D. sI. Fkv. chn-Ip-am.
8. "sFXn-ly-I-Y-I' BcpsS IrXn-bmWv ?
D. sImm-c-n ipn
9. C-yb
- n {]N-cn-n-n-cp Ghpw {]mNo-\a- mb IY Bbn IW-m-s
- -Sp-Xv ?.
D. PmX-I-I-Y-I
10. PmX-I-I-Y-I-fp-sSbpw D]-\n-j-Zv I-Y-I-fp-sSbpw eyw Fm-bn-cp-p. ?
D. [tm-]-tZ-iw.
11. ]-X-{-I-Y-I-fpsS {][m\ Dt-iyw Fv ?
D. `cW X{-t_m-[-\w.
12. t_m[n kX-y [tm-]-tZiw ka-b--fn ]q-Ime Ah-Xm-c-I-Y-I hnh-cnpw hn[am-Wv.............-I-Y-I-fp-sS cN\
D. PmXI
13. "_y-lXv IYm ]c-c' bpsS Imhv ?
D. KqWm-U-y
14. hn{I-am-Zn-X-y-t\mSv thXmfw ]d-bp IYIfpsS kam-lm-ca
- m-Wv.......
D. thXmf ]-hnw-i-Xn.
15. "Zi-Ip-am-c-N-cnXw' BZ-y-Ime IYm-{-K--ns Imhv ?
D. ZWvUn
16. t^_vfntbm F IYmcq]-ns khn-ti-jX Fv ?
D. ]Z-y-cq-]-n cNn--s Xam-i--Y-bm-Wn-Xv.
17. t^_vfntbm GXp cmP-y-mWv {]m[m-\-y-]qw {]N-cn-Xv ?
D. {^mkn
18. Um-a-dm IY-I-fpsS {]tbm-mhv ?
D. t_mm-ntbm (C--en)
19. t^_vfn-tbm-hns KZ-yc
- q-]-sap hnti-jn-n--s-Sp-Xv ?
D.
20.
D.
21.
D.
22.
D.
23.
D.
s_mm-n-tbm-hns "Um-a-dm IY-I'

P-\n-bnepw C-enbpw "Um-a-dm IY-I ' -----F t]cn-emWv Adnb-s-Xv ?
t\mh
"Im_dn IY-I ' BcmWv Xm-dm-n-bXv ?
tNmk (Cw-v)
Ad-_n-Y BZ-y-ambn ]cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n-bXv ?
Icp-Wm-Ic tat\m
tIc-f-n ap{ZWw sN-s BZy ae-bmf IYm-k-am-lmcw ?
sNdp-ss]-X-v D]-Im-cmw CwKvfo-jn \nv ]cn-`m-j-s-Sp-nb
IYI (1824)
24. "sNdp-ss]-X-v D]-Im-cmw CwKvfo-jn \nv ]cn-`m-j-s-Sp-nb IY-I' F
IrXn-bpsS eyw Fm-bn-cp-p. ?
D. aX-{]-t_m-[-\-am-bn-cpp AXnse Fp IY-I-fp-sSbpw e-yw.
25. Hcp Ipn- b psS acWw (1847) hnj- n\v acpv (1848) Fo BZ- y - I me anj- \ - d nI-Y-I A-Snp hXv GXv {]kn-o-I-c-W-n ?
D. cmP-y-k-am-Nm-cw.
26. "B\-tbbpw Xp-t\bpw Ipdn-p-ff IY' {]kn-n-I-cn amknI ?
D. m\ \nt]w (1849 BK-v)
27. ae-bm-f-n A-Sn--s BZ-y-a-tX-X-c-IY' Fv hnti-jn-n--s-Sp IY '
D. B\-tbbpw Xp-t\bpw Ipdn-p-ff IY.
28. hnZ-ym-eb ]mT-]p-kvX-I--fn-eqsS sNdp-IY hfbvv Ah-k-c-sam-cp-n-bXv ?.
D. tIc-f-h henb tImbn--p-cm
29. ae-bm-f-nse BZ-ys IY-bmbn ]cs AwKn-I-cn--s IrXn. ?
D. hmk\m-hn-IrXn
30. " hmk\m hnIrXn' F IY-bpsS cN-bn-Xmhv ?
D. th-bn Ipn-cm-a\m-b-\m.
31. th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-\m-cpsS "hmk-\m-hn-IrXn' {]kn-o-I-cn--s amknI ?
D. hnZ-ym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n-bn (1066 Ipw`w)
32. "tIkcn' F XqenIm \ma-n kmln-Xy cN\ \n-ln BZ-y-Ime IYm-Im-c ?
D. th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-\m (1860--1914)
33. "hmk-\m-hn-Ir-Xn' {]Im-in-X-amb hjw ?
D. 1891--
34. "Zzm-cI ' F IY cNn-Xv ?
D. th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-\m
35. Fw.-B.sI.-kn. Fv Adnb-s-n-cp IYm-Im-c.
D. sNp-fv sNdnb Ipn-cma tat\m
36. "hkvXp-nXn IY AYhm kml-N-c-y-IY ' Fv Fw.-]n. t]m hnti-jn-n-Xv GXp
IYsb ?
D. "Zzm-c-Isb'
37. "Zzm-cI Hcp sNdp-I-Yb, AsXmcp kz-]v\m-J-ym-\-am-Wv. Poh-N-cn-{X-p-dn-nse Hcp GSp
-t]mse hmbn-p-t]m-Im-hp-Xv ' Fv A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv ?
D. s{]m^. Fw.-A-N-yp-X.
38. "Zzm-cI' F IY GXp kam-lm-c-n-emWv Df-fXv ?
D. tIkcn
39. hy-n-kz- -`m-h-nepw kmap-ZmbnI Poh-nX-nepw Dm-Im-dp-ff hnI-e-X-Isf
\w Ien Ah-X-cn-n-p BZy-Ime IYm-Im-c-\m-Wv.....
D. th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-\m.
40. "Zzm-cI' bn IYm-]m-{X-am-bn-p-ff I-ens t]cv ?
D. lna-hm.
41. "" hnZqc `qX-Im-e-nsbpw Fgp-X-s Ime-ns Ncn-{Xw, cmjv{So-bw, ùXnI PohnXw
Fn-h-bp-sSbpw AS-bm-f-fpw B[p-\n-Im-h-t_m-[ns Ncn{X ap{Z-Ifpw cmjv{Sob Nnfpw " ZzmcI'bn ]Xn-n-pv '' Fv A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv ?
D. C.-]n. cmP-tKm-]m-e.
42. "" BZ-yI
- me ae-bmf sNdp-IY
- I
- f
- psS kmam-\y- -coXnbn \nv `n-ambn Htsd AS-cp-If
- pff
cN\bmWv Zzm-cI '' Fv A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv ?
43. "" GsX-nepw Ime-tZ-im-Zn-I-fpsS B-cn-Itam _ml-ytam Bb Ah--bpsS {]XoXn P\nn-pI e-ya
- mb A-co IY-If
- psS amXr-Ib
- mbn "Zzm-cI' sb Nqn-m-Wn-m-sav {]kvXmhn-Xv ?
D. Fw.-]n.-t]m.
44. "IY Pohn-X
- ns sNdnb temI-Nn-{X-am-Wv. As-n sNdnb A\p-`h
- t- em-Ia
- m-Wv. Hmtcm
Ime-nsbpw {]X-yb
- i
- m-kv{X-, ku-cy- t- _m-[w kmwkvIm-cnI \nan-j
- Fn-hs
- bmw
A\p-`h-Nn-{X--fmbn BZyw cq]-s-Sp-Xv IY-bn-em-Wv. '' Fv A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv Bcv ?
D. sI. ]n. A.
45."" `mj-bn sNdp-I-Y-sb-gp-Xp k{-Zmbw CZw {]Y-a-ambn XpS-n-bXv aqtmp Ipam-c\m-sWp tXmp-p.'' Fv {]kvXm-hn-Xv ?
D. aqfn-bn tIi-h.
46. Cutkm-p-I-Y-I {]N-cn-n-n-cp-Xv FhnsS ?.
D. {Kokn (_n.-kn. Bdn)
47. "" ]g-asb sRn-n-p-Xpw bmYm-n-X-nI-cpsS apJv Bp {]l-cn-p-Xpw kmaq-ly- Po-hn-X
- nse Zpcm-Nm-cZ- p-jvSX
- I
- sf \n`bw hnain-p-X
- p-amb ]n-hI
- c
- a
- mb dnb-en-nIv PohnX-I-YI
- f
- n-te-p-ff hf-bpsS aptm-Sn BWv hn.-Sn. `-Xn-cn-m-Sv, apn-cn-tm-Sv, Fw.-B. _n.
XpS-n-b-h-cpsS dnb-enkw '' Fp A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv ?
D. Fw. AN-yp-X.( sNdp-IY Cse, Cv)
48. "Zzm-c-I' F IY-bnse hnZ-yp-n imkv{X]Sp Bb IYm]m-{X-am-Wv......
D. amn Pbnw-kv.
49. sNdp-I-Y-Isf kw`-h-]-cw, kz-`m-h-h-\m-]-cw, nXn hnh-c-W-]cw Fp aqmbn
hn`-Pn-Xv Bcv ?
D. Df-fq Fkv. ]c-ta-i-z-c-.
50. "IYbpw `mhp-I-X-z-]-cn-Wm-ahpw ' F ]T\w Xm-dm-n-bXv ?
51. "100 hjw 100 IY' F IYm-k-am-lm-c-ns FUn- ?
D. sI.-F-kv. chn-Ip-am.
52. 1950se temI-sN-dp-I-Ym-a--c-n km\w t\Snb Sn.-sI.-kn. hSp-X-e-bpsS IY-bm-Wv.....
D. cp Xe-ap-d.
53. "sNdp-I-Ym {]m-\w' F {Kw cNn-Xv ?
D. Fw.-]n.-t]m.
54. "sNdp-IY C-se , Cv ' F {K-ns Imhv ?

D. Fw. AN-y-X.
55. "sNdp-I-Y-bpsS Ov' F ]T\w Xm-dm-n-bXv ?.
D. hn. cmP-Ir-jvW
56. "IY'= BJ-ym-\hpw A\p-`-h-k-bpw ' F ]pkvXIw Bcp-tSXv ?
D. sI. ]n. A.
57. "IY hmpw hgnbpw' F IrXn cNn-Xv ?
D. sI. Fkv. chn-Ip-c-am.
58. "t_q kpm ' Fv Adnb-s-Sp Fgp-p-Im-c
D. sshw apl-Zv _jo.
59. _jo-dns ac-Wm-\-cw {]kn-o-I-cn--s IrXn ?
D. bm Cem-lo. !
60. IY, IhnX, teJ-\w Fn-h-bpsS k-e-\-amb _jo IrXn-bm-Wv.....
D. bm Cem-lo !
61. Nncn-p ac-mh F IYm-k-am-lmcw Fgp-Xn-bXv ?
D. sshw apl-Zv _jo.
62. "ssSK ' F {]i-kvX-\mb cmjv{Sob IY GXp IrXn-bn-emWv Df-fXv ?
D. P-Zn-\w.
63. XS-hp-Im X-fpsS t{Im[w apgp-h Xop-Xv BtcmSv ?
D. ssSK-dn-t\m-Sv.
64. XS-hp-Im ssSK-dns\ cl-k-y-am-bn........-Fp hnfn-p. ?
D. Ckvs]-IvS
65. t]meokv tj-\-Iv iqc-\mb ssSK òcp-hm-Ip-Xv Ftm. ?
D. t-j-\p-]p-ds Nmhm-en--nsb ImWp-tm.
66. tem-p-I-fnse AXn-Z-b-\o-b-hpw AXn-{Iq-c-hp-amb AhbmWv.....-F IY-bpsS
CXn-hr-w.
D. ssSK.
67. "]qh-gw' F ioj--I-n IY Fgp-Xnb {]m[m-\n-I.
D. sshw apl-Zv _jo, Iaem kpc-, Imcq \oe-I-WvT-]n-f-f.
68. ssSK P\n-Xv FhnsS ?
D. sXcp-hnse GtXm sXn--n-bpsS aI-\mbn \K-c-nse HmS-bn.
69. XS-hp-Imv BsI Dm-bn-cp Nnbpw Bnbpw Fn-s\-p-dn-m-Wv. ?
D. Blm-c-s-p-dn-v.
70. Ckvs]-IvSpw ssdpw kuP-\-y-ambn DuWpw Imnbpw \Ip-X
- ns \jvSw
tlm-ep-Sa F-s\-bmWv \nI-n-bXv ?
D. XS-hp-Imp-ff Kh-sa v Xp-I-bn \nv.
71. In-b-gn-In-S-bn-eqsS ssI \on ssSKsd XS-hn-smv XS-hp-Im ]d-Xv Fv ?
D. "R-fpsS tNmdmWv: '
72. sshw apl-Zv _jo cNn BZy IY-bm-Wv.....
D. Xw.
73. \mbsb tI{-amn "shf-f-sm--n ' F IY cNn-Xv ?
D. XIgn inh-i--c-n-ff
74. hfp-\m-b-bpsS B-K-X--fn-eqsS apt-dp "tiJqn' F IY Fgp-Xnb
10
bXv ?
D. Sn. ]-\m-`.
75. ae-bm-f
- n XpS-YI
- -fpsS Ah-Xm-cI
- -\mbn Adn-bs-- -Sp--Xv. ?
D. sshw apl-Zv _jo.
76. " Hcp lyq-a-\n-pw l-yq-a-dn-p-amb IYm-Im-c'' Fv \ncq-]-I-\mb Fw. AN-yp-X
hnti-jnn-Xv Bsc ?
D. sshw apl-Zv _jo-dns\
77.
"[-cm-Pyw' F t]cn Hcp teJ-\sagpXn Xncp-hnXmwIqdnse `c-Ws \nin-X-ambn
hnain Fgp-p-Im-c ?
D. sshw apl-Zv _jo.
78. "DXp-ms InW 'F IY cNn-Xv ?
D. Imcq.
79. Imcq F t]cn {]i-kvX-\mb IYm-Ir-ns apgp-h t]cv ?.
D. Imcq \oe-I-WvT-]n-ff
- .
80. A[-ym-]-I-cpsS Ah-i-X-I ]cn-l-cn-m A[-ym-]-I-k-amPw cq]o-I-cn--Xn\v tPmen-bn
\npw ]ncn-phn-Ss IYm-Ir-v. ?
D. Imcq \oe-IWvT ]nf-f.
81. Imcq-cns PohnX Imew ?
D. 1893 s^{_p-hcn 22 1975 HIvtSm_ 22
82. Imcq \oe-IWvT ]nff P\n--sX-hn-sS ?.
D. Gp-am-\q-cn.
83. 1969 tIcf kmln-Xy AIm-Zan AhmUv t\Snb IYm-Irv ?
D. Imcq \oe-I-WvT-]n-ff ( tamXn-cw)
84. "s]mXn-tmdv' F IY Fgp-Xn-bXv ?
D. Imcq.
85. Imcq-cns BZ-y-IY GXv ?
D. `y-Xy- h
- m-e
- y- w.
86. "`y-X-y-hm--eyw ' F IYbvv ]nevm-ev \Inb Xe-sv Fv ?.
D. As Iqen.
87. ImcqI-Y-Isf "akvanX {]m\w' Fv hnti-jn-n-Xv Bcv ?
D. kn.-sP. tXma-kv.
88. kvIq A\p-`-h- hnj-b-am-Ip "kvIq Ubdn' cNn-Xv Bcv ?
D. AIv_ I-n.
89. ""]cm-Pb {]m-\-m-c-\mb (dnb-en-n-Iv) Imcq-cns IY-I-fnse hnjmZw Bk--amb
kap-Zm-bnI hn-h-ns aptm-Sn-bmWv '' Fp {]kvXm-hn-Xv ?
D. tIkcn F. _me-Ir-jvW-]n-f-f.
90. B[p-\nI IY Idp ên-X-ns IY-bmWv '' Fv \nco-n-Xv ?
D. sI. ]n. A.
91. dnb-ennIv {]m-\s " ]cm-Pb {]m\w ' Fv hnti-jn-n-Xv ?
D. tIkcn F. _me-Ir-jvW-]n-ff
92. "Imcq IYm-]-T-\- ' F {K-ns FUn- ?
D. Fw.-Fw. _jo.
93. Imcq-cns "DXp-ms InW ' Fgp-X-s hjw.
11
D.
94.
D.
95.
D.
96.
D.
97.
D.
98.
D.
99.
D.
100.
D.
101.
D.
102.
D.
103.
D.
104.
D.
105.
D.
106.
D.
107.
D.
108.
D.
1946
"" Cv Cu IYbvv Akm-am-\-y-amb Hcp {]k-n-bp-v. GXv sFUn-b-en-khpw Cv
DXp-ms InW am{X-am-Wv. Cu IY-bpsS `mhw ast-m-fp-ap-]cn Cv kzo-Im-c-y
amWv '' BcpsS A`n-{]m-b-am-WnXv ?
hn.]n. inh-Ip-am.
Imcq IY-Isf hni-ns IY-I, Kmln-I-I-Y-I BZi-I-Y-I, a\-ns IYI F \mep hn`m-K--fmn Xcw Xncn-m-sav A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv ?
tUm. sP. skh-cmPv Xm]kv (Im-cq-cns Ie)
"tIc-f-nse kmaq-l-y\
- -thm-m-\hpw kmln-X-yhpw' F IrXn cNn--Xv. ?
tUm. F. kmw.
Imcq-cns DXp-m F IYm-]m-{X-ns BZi{à-n\v aXn-bmb ]n_-e-an
Fp hnain-Xv ?
Ipn-Ir-jvWamcm (ssI-hn-fv )
"hyn a\-ns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv kaq-la
- -\-n Dun-b-XmWv ' DXp-ms InW '
F IY-bpsS ]cm-Pbw' Fp A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv Bcv ?
tUm. Fw.Fw. _jo (Im-cq IYm-]-T-\w)
DXp-ms B-l-X-ybvv aXn-bmb bpn IY-bn sImp-h-cm Imcq-cn\p Ign-nn-sv A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv ?
Ipn-Ir-jvWa
- m-cm (ssI-hn-f-v)
\nn-X-amb cq]-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Imc-y-Im-c-W_
- --m kpL-Sn-Xhpw GI-_o-Pmkv
]Z-hp-amb IY-bmWv sNdp-I-Y-bpsS CXn-hrw' Fp \nt-in hnai-I ?
Fw.-]n. t]m (sN-dp-IYm {]m-\w)
kv{Xo hntam-N-\-{]-m-\- in-{]m-]n-m-Xn-cp Imev , ]pcpj ta[m-hn-Xznv
s\Xnsc H-p-\np s]mcp-Xnb IYm-Imcn ?
1919----- --1975)aebm-f-nse BZ-y-k-z-X{ IYm-Imcn ?
Fw. kc-k-z-Xo-`mbn
Fw. kc-k-zXo `mbn-bpsS BZ-y-IY ?
Xe-tm-dn-m kv{XoI
ae-bm-f-nse BZy {]W-b-I-Y-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn--s-Sp-Xv ?
I-ym-Wn-pn (HSp-hn Ipn-IrjvW tat\m)
"Bbn-c-sm-p-cm-hp-I' F Ad_nY BZ-y-ambn ae-bm-f-n-tev samgn-amw
sNbvXXv ?
Icp-Wm-Ic
- t- a-t\m.
"Zzm-c-I'bn Pe-a-\ IhNw [cnv IS-en-\-Sn-bn \npw s]mn-tmb In-F-Sp-msa Bibw Bcp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-p.
amntXv.
""\psS sNdp-IYm kmln-X-y-nse GIm hnkvabw'' Fv Pn. F. ]Wn- hntijn-n-Xv Bsc ?
sI. kc-k-zXn Asb
kmX-zn-Ie
- m-h-Wy- h
- -Xn-Iv ]Icw _un-Ia
- q-bp-ff kvss{XW kz-X-z
- sf IYm-]m-{X-fmbn Ah-X-cn-n IYm-Im-cn-bm-Wv....
kc-k-z-Xn-b
k
k
-
z
-
12
109. sI. kc-k-z-Xn-b--bpsS "tNme-a-c-' F IY Fgp-X-s hjw ?

D.
1954.
110. ""]m--]n-t {]hr-n-bn \nv c-sq Fm-sWs hni-zmkw. Ah-t\ms
kpJ-n-\p-thn Acp-Xm-Xv sNbvXv A\-ysc Zp:-Jn-n-m-et ]m--]n-t-Xv '' Fv A`n-{]m-b-s-Xv ?
D. enn-pn (tNm-e-a-c-)
111. "" Xm ImcWw aXm-Nm-c- Ahsf sImp Ifp Ah-sf-bn\n Pohn-m
Bcmepw km[-y-a-.'' Fv Ip-t_m[w tXmn-bXv Bv ?
D. enn-p-n-bpsS ]q-Ime Imap-I Bb a[p-hn-\v.
112. "" B I\-ymkv{Xo aT-ns Kwò-c-amb tKv Xpdv B Imhn-h-kv{X-m-c Df-fn-tev
ISp ''. Fv Bcw-`n-p IY-bm-Wv.....
D. tNme ac-.(sI. kc-k-zXnb)
113. "" ssZh `n-b F\n-p-f-f-Xv. ]-bmb a\p-j-y-kvt\lw ùXn-I-Zp:-Js \nm-cam-bn-m-Wp thZm a\:nXn Cpw F\nv Inn-bn-n-. '' BcpsS hmp-I. ?
D. I\-ym-a-T-n aZ-dn-t\mSv \n ]d-bm-s\-nb k\-ym-kn-bpsS hmp-I.
114. DXp-ms\ kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Ahs Dd-p-]mv FmWv ?
D.- D-Zc
- -ns ]cm-Xn.
115. tIhn-mv ckw tXmn-bn-s-nepw Ah Ap I-h-tcm-sSms InW-n
shffw I IY ]dp, Bcv ?
D. DXp-m
116.
InWdv Ipn \mp-Imv kan DXp-ms {]hr-n-sb Bfp-I I-Xv..........
Bbm-Wv.
D.
{`mv
117.
"ssSK' F IY _jo Fgp-Xn-bXv ........?
D.
Atlw sImw tem-n Ign-bp-tm-gm-Wv.
118.
sImw tem-n Ign-bp-tm _jo Fgp-Xnb IY-I-fm-Wv.....
D.
ssSK, CSn-b ]Wn-, t]meo-kp-Im-cs aI
119.
km-cn-t\mSpw t]meo-kn-t\mSpw Pbn ]pf-fn-Ip-ff at\m-`m-hs Ghpw Iem]-c-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-p in-a-mb IY-bm-Wv.....
D.
ssSK.
1.
t\mh kmln-X-y-n \nv sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-X-ys hy-X-y-kvXamp
-L-S-I-sasmw ?
D. A[nIw h-\-Itfm IYm-]m-{X-tfm {Inbm-k-`-tfm sNdp-I-Y-b-ep-m-hn-. Icpp-Xpw HuNn-Xyw \nd--Xp-amb A\p-`htam at\m-`m-htam atm hfsc km{-ambpw
GI-{K-ambpw sNdp-I-Y-bn-eqsS IYm-Irv Ah-X-cn-n-m {ian-p-p. {]k--amb
`mjbpw ssNX-\-y-]q-amb Bhn-jvIm-chpw sNdp-IY
- sb amp-f-f-Xm-p-p.
2.
sNdp-I-YbpsS khn-ti-j-X-I hnh-cn-p-I.
cq]-]c
- a
- mb {lk-zX
- bpw in]-ZmU-yhpw, A\p-`q-XnpsS kqaamb Bhn-jvIc
- W
- w, GIm{K-Xbpw [z-\y- m-X
- b
- pw, hnIm-cX
- o-{h-amb Ah-X-c-Ww.
3.
sNdp-IYm {]m-\-ns hfv kw`m-h\ \Inb temI-km-ln-X-y-Im-c-m ?
D. Ata-cn--m-cmb FUvKm Ae t]m, hmjn-MvS Chn, \Ym-\n-b lmtm,
{_v lms, sldn Pbnw-kv, dj-y
- m-cmb B sNtJmh,v \ntm-fmbv tKmtKm,
{^mkp-Im-cmb KosZ sam-kmMv, tkma skv tamw, t_mZveb
- , _km-v, t^vfm_.
13
4.
D.
temI-{]-i--cmb GXm\pw sNdp-I-Ym-Ir-p-f

- psS t]sc-gp-Xp-I.
ImX-do amkv ôUv, dpU-ymUv Innw-Kv, sPbnwkv tPmbvkv, sjhpUv
BtUgvk, hneyw t^mIv\, hneyw ktcm-b, GWv slanwKth, amIvknw
tKmn,- SP-\o-h, H. sln, kn.Fv. temdkv, entbm tSmtmbv, hn-eyw t^mIv\.
5.
C-ybn {]Nm-c-n-ep-m-bn-cp {]mNo-\-I-em-cq-]- GsXmw ?
D. ]-X-{-I-Y-I, PmX-I-I-Y-I, hn{I-am-Zn-X-y IY-I, IYm-k-cnXv kmK-cw, Zi-Ip-am-cN-cn-Xw.
6.
C-ybn {]N-cn hni-z-{]-kn-hpw {]mNo-\-hp-amb IY-I GsXm ?
D. Bbn-c-sm-p-cm-hp-I, Ipeo\ hZnw-\, t]j-y IY-I, Cutkm-p-IY
- -I, Uma-dm IY-I, Im_dn IY-I.
7.
]c--cm-KX IYm-cq-]
- -fn \nv Cm-es sNdp-I-Y-Isf hy-X-y-kvX-am-p LS-I Fsmw ?
D.
bpn-`-{Z-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-p CXn-hr-w, bYm a\p-j-y-cpsS Ombbpw {]IrXnbpw Dff IYm-]m-{X-, hni-z-k-\o-bhpw Bk-zm-Z-y-hp-amb PohnX Nn{Xo-I-c-Ww,
IYm-]m-{X--fpsS at\m-`mhw {]I-Sa
- m-p Bhn-jvIm-cw, KpW-]m-T-t-m
a\p-j-y-Po-hnX k`-pw Ah--Ipw {]m[m-\yw \In-bp-ff BJ-ym-\w, IYbn XpSnp \np IYm-Im-cs h-y-n-X-zhpw \ne-]m-Sp-If
- pw.
8.
tIc-f-n am{Xw {]Nm-c-n Dm-bn-cp BZ-y-Ime IYm-cq-]- GsXmw ?
D. Iqnepw IqSn-bm--nepw hn`q-j-I Ah-X-cn-n-p D]-I-Y-I. ]S-bm-Wn-bnse D]I-Y-I, hS- ]mp-I-fn-sebpw sX ]mp-I-fn-sebpw IY-I, ]mp-I-Y-I, amn-fm-nse IY-I, anj-Wd- n-IY
- -I, tIc-fh
- p-ambn _-s sFX-y-ly- -I-YI
- .
9.
ae-bm-f-nse BZ-y-Ime IYm-Ir-p--fn {][m-\n-I ?
D. th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-\m (19801914) aqtmp Ipam-c(1874-1941) kn.-F-kv.
tKm]m-e--Wn- (1872-1930) AmSn \mcm-b-W-s]m-Xp-hm (18711936) sNp-fv sNdnb
Ipn-cma tat\m(1881-1939) HSp-hn Ipn-Ir-jvW-ta-t\m (18691916) sI.
kpIp-am-c (18761956) Ipn-p-dv Inp-n-\m-b (1882-1959) A Xp-cm(18761941).
10. ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-X-y-nse BZy-Ime IY-I-fpsS {][m\ khn-ti-j-X-I
Fsmw ?.
D. kw`-h
- fpsS hnh-c-W--fm-bn-cpp ]e IY-I-fpw. sNdp-I-Y-bpsS LS-\tbm GIm-{KXtbm ]men--s-n-cp-n-. ApXw, hnt\mZw, k-ev]w, kml-kn-I-X, \w XpS-nb-hbvv {]m[m-\yw \I-s-n-cp-p. kmaq-l-y-{]-iv\- Xosc hnj-b-ambn kzo-I-cn-s-n-cp-n-. ]e-tmgpw sNdp-t\m-h-ep-I-fmbn Ah-bn ]eXpw.
11.
th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-\m-cpsS {][m\ IY-I ?
D. Zzm-c-I, aZn-cm-in, ]n-em-w, hmk\mhnIr-Xn.
12. th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb kzo-I-cn XqenIm \ma- GsXms ?
D. tIk-cn, h{P-_m-lp, h{P-kq-Nn, tZim-`n-am\n, kz-tZ-ia
- n-{X, hn`q-j-I.
13. th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-cpsS IY-I-fpsS {]tX-y-I-X-I Fv ?
D. \mS ssienbpw {]mtZ-inI `mj-Whpw tN ck-I-c-amb BJ-ym-\-co-Xn. Poh-Xnse hnI-e-X-Isf \-`m-h-n Ah-X-cn-n-m-\p-ff tijn. A\m-bm-k-ambn
PohXn bmYm-ys Bhn-jvI-cn-m-\p-ff {]Xn-`mhnemkw.
14. ae-bmf IYm-{]mns BZ-yI
- me hfv t{]mm-l\
- ta-Inb {][m\ {]kn-o-I-cW- ?
D. hnZ-ym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n, hnZymhnem-kn-\n, ckn-Ic
- -RvPn-\n, P\-c-RvPn-\n, B-t]m-jn-Wn, `mjmae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
14
15.
D.
16.
D.
17.
D.
18.
D.
19.
D.
20.
D.
21;
D.
22.
D.
23.
D.
24.
D.
t]m-jn-Wn, Iht\mZ-bw, IYm-Iu-ap-Zn.

ae-bmf IY-I-sfbpw IY-sb-gp-p-Im-scbpw Bdv Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn hn`-Pn-p--Xn\v
Ipn-- hmWn-ta (I-Y-bpsS Bdmw Imew ) kzo-I-cn-p hy-X-y-kvXam-]-\-
GsXmw ?
IY-bpsS Ime-L-w, BJ-ym\coXn, ku-c-ym-h-t_m-[w, PohnX \nco-Ww, kmaq-lnI
imkv{X-m`n-ap-Jy- w, `mj.
\q-Xncn kap-Zm-b-nse A\m-Nm-c-s-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn IYm-Im-c-m ?
hn.-Sn. `-Xn-cn-m-Sv, -ap-n-cn-tmp `h-{Xm-X \q-Xn-cn, Fw.-B. _n.
BZy Ime -IYmImc-m-cn ]cn-K-Wn-s
- -Sm-h-p-h ?
kn. ]n. AN-yp-X-ta-t\m, kn. hn. Ipn-cm-a, ioshm-ffn \mcm-b-W \q-Xn-cn,
sImSp--q Ipn-p- Xp-cm, C.-hn. IrjvW-]n-.
a\p-j-ys\ kmaq-ln-Ihpw {]mtZ-in-I-hp-amb ev hv ImWp-Ibpw am\-kn-IX
- sb
Dbn-n-Sn-p-I-Ibpw sNbvX \thm-m\ Ime IYm-Ir-p--fn {]m[m-\n-I.
sshw apl-Zv _jo, Fkv. sI. s]m-m-Sv, ]n. tIi-h-tZ-hv, inh-i--c-n-ff XI-gn,
s]mIpw hn.
ae-bmf sNdp-IY
- -bpsS \thmm\ L-n\p kml-N-c-y-sam-cp-nb LS-I-
Fsmw ?
temI-a-lm-bp---fp-m-nb \mi-\-jvS- , djy t]mep-ff cmP-y--fn-ep-mb
hnh {]h-\-, ]ptcm-Ka kmln-Xy {]m-\- A-m-fn, N-n-kzman-I,
{io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp, hw A_vZp JmZ auehn XpS-nb alm-m-cpsS t\Xr-X-zn \S kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW {]m-\- ]mm-X-yt- em-I-hp-am-bp-ff
kw, ]{X-am-kn-II
- -fpsS {]Nm-chpw t{]mm-l-\h
- pw, tIkcn _me-Ir-jvW]
- n-ffsbt]mep-ff hnai-I-cpsS CS-s]-S.
sshw apl-Zv _jo-dns {][m\ IYm-k-am-lm-c- ?
Hm-p-dn-v, ]mh-s--h-cpsS thi-y, hniv , hnUvVn-I-fpsS kzKw, hni-z-hn-J-ym-X-amb
aqv, A\L \nan-jw, Nncn-p ac-mh, t{]a-te-J-\w, P-Zn-\w, aqo-p-I-fn-m-cs
aI.
_jo XS-h-d-bpsS Nn{Xw ]In-h-Xv Fs\ ?
shfn-hpw Impw IS-m apdn-I-fn ae-aq{XmZn-I-fpsS ZpK-hpw ap-I-fpsS
ISnbpw Ak-l-\o-b-amw hn[-n Ds-nepw Iod-h-kv{X- Npn, XmSn aoi hf
hnf a\p-j-y-tm-e-v Htc-sbmcp alm-{]-iv\-amWv Df-f-Xv. hni-v, hni-n-\p-apn asmpw {]iv\a
-
- m Ah.....''. cm{Xn Dd-m InS-p-Xv cmhn-es InIp-Sn-m-\m-Wv. In IpSn Ign-m D `-W-amWv a\-n-em-sI.
ssSK-dns\ kw_-n-n-St- mfw a\p-j-y-hK-n cv C\-ta-bp-f-fq Bscms ?
t]meo-kp-Imcpw Ip-hm-fn-I-fpw.
""XS-hp-Im-cs kzK-amWv Pbn Ahs\-cIw t]meokv temv BWv ''
hnh Fv ?
tem-n Ign-bp XS-hp-Imv sImSpw ]oU-\--fmWv A\p-`-hn-t-n-h-cp-X
- v.
hnipw Zmlhpw Ahsc as-n-t\-mfpw _pn-ap-n-p-p. tem-n \nv DS
Pbn-en-m Ah Hmtcm-cp-cpw AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-p-p. t]meokv a\w `b-t-Xn-. ka-b-n\v `Ww e`n-p-I-Ibpw sNpw.
XS-hp-Imv {ItaW ]cm-Xn-I Cm-Xmbn Fs\ ?
XS-hp-Imv IrX-y-ambn `Ww e`n-p-n-. t]meokv Ckvs]-IvS kar--ambn
15
`Ww Ign-p-I-Ibpw Hcmp th{X tNmdv ssSK F \mbv \Ip-Ibpw

sNp-p. CXp Ip XS-h-d-bn-ep-f-f-hv hmbn shffaqdpw. sNbvXn-n-m Ip-v
in hmn XS-hd- b
- n Ign-bp Ahp Int tNmdmWv ssSK ka-y-a
- mbn Ign-p-Xv. "" hniv AS-p-n Rv Khsan \nv Inm-\p-f-fXv XcWw '' Fv Bh-i-ys XS-hp-Imv t]meo-kp-Im-cn \npw sImSnb a\w Gp-hm-t-n-h
- p. tlmImc\pw
t]meokv Ckvs]-IvSdpw Xn-ep-ff cl-ky- [
- m-cW ImcWw XS-hd-
- m-cpsS tNmdpw CXc B\pIq-e-y-fpw \np-t]m-bn. ]cmXn D-bn--hv t_m[w \jvS-amIpw hsc Xv Inm XpS-nb-tm XS-hp-Im X-fpsS Bh-i-y-fpw Imc-y-fpw D-bn-msX Bbn.
25. "" Rv hni--S-p-n-. Khsan Fp \n-bn XpIbvp-f-fXv Rv
InWw '' k`w GXv ?
D. thpthmfw `Ww e`n-msX XS-hd- b
- n-ep-ff
- h
- {]bm-k-s-Sp-p. Ahp `-W
- n\mbn Khsa v Hcp \nnX XpI Gs-Sp-n-bn-p-v. ]t, Ckvs]-I-Sdpw tlm-ep-Imc\pw Xn-ep-ff [mcW {]Imcw XS-hp-Imv {]kvXpX XpIbvv Dff Blmcw e`n-p-n-.
AtX kabw sXcp-hn \npw h Nmhm-en-- n-bmb "ssSK-dn\v thp-thmfw `Ww e`n-pp-ap-v. kln-sIv Hcn- Nne ]d-p. " Rv hni--S-p-n-. Khsan
\np \n-bn XpI-bvp-ff
- Xv Rv In-Ww. '' ]t, Inn-bXv t]men-kp-Im-cpsS CSnbpw
Ckvs]-IvS-dpsS _qvkns Nhn-pw Bbn-cp-p. t]mcm--Xn\p Ckv]-IvS-dpsS AhRvP
\nd tNmZ-yhpw: ""Khsa v \n-bn-n-p-f-f-Xv ! \ns Fmw X-bt Khsa''v AXn\p-tijw Bcpw ]ns ]cm-Xn-s-n-.
26. "" Itm, \psS Ckvs]-IvS-dpsS hchv ?''
D. ssSK-dns\ XS-hp-]p-f-fn-I "Ckvs]-IvS FmWv cl-ky- -ambn hnfn-n-n-cp-X
- v. t]meo-kpIm-cpsSbpsS ssSK-dnsbpw Ip-Iv Htc cq-Xb
- m-Wv. ssSK shfn-bn s]mXpth t]mImdn-. alm-ò-cp-hm-sW-nepw atXp ]n tj-\I
- t- v hmepw Hcp ISp-hb
- psS iuc-yt- msS
ssSK `b--c-ambn Ipc-bvpw. Fm t]meokv tjs shfn-bn t]mIp-tm GsXnepw Hcp Nmhm-fn--nsb Im aXn. ssSK hm Xfn. ]nIm-ep-I-fpsS CS-bn-eqsS
HXpn AI-tv HmSn-tm-cpw. Acw Hcp ImgvN Iv cmjv{SnbS-hp-Im-cn Hcm Nncnp-sImp ]d hmp-If
- mWv CXv.
27. "" B ssSK \mb-tbmfw `mKyw XS-hp-Imp-mbncps-n '' ? k`w GXv ?
D. tem-n, cmjv{Sob XS-hp-Imsc ImWm kplr-p- h ka-bw. hnti-j
- ]ph-bvp-X
- n-\nsS \mnse mas Ipdnp XS-hp-Im Adn-bp-p. tem-n-\-Ipw X
B maw A\p-`h
- n-p-p Fp XS-hp-Im ]d-p. XS-hI
- mv kpJ-Ic
- a
- mb Blm-ca
- p-ff
- X
- n\m hnjaw Hpw Adn-tb-X
- n-. `mK-yh
- m-m Fv BK-Xc
- n-sem-cm ]d-t- m Hcp XShp-Im-c ]d-bp hmI-ya
- mWv CXv.
28. "B ImgvN \mev]-n-Ap XS-hp-Imcpw H-tXmfw t]meo-kp-Imcpw I-Xm-WvFXp
ImgvN ?
D. XS-hp-Im-cpsS Nne kplrp Ahsc kin-m-s\-n-b-tm ]e-lm-c-fpw `Whpw sImp-h-p. Bthmfw Ignp anw h `Ww ap XS-hp-Imv Ah \In.
_mn Dm-bn-cp Ccp-]-smp t]v IjvSnv Hmtcm ]nSn tNmtd Dm-Ip-am-bn-p-f-fq.
CXn\nsS \nev hoW tNmdp Xnm-s\nb ssSKsd Hcp-XS- -hp-Im-c tamv sXmgn-p. `b-c-amb tamnb ssSK-dns klm-b-n\v Ckvs]-IvSdpw Iqcpw Fn. Ip-m-c-s\p
kwi-bn--s XS-hp-Im-cs\ t]meokv CSn-p. Abm-fpsS ]v sXdnp hogp-Ibpw t_m[-c-lnX-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ImgvN-bmWv ]cm-ain-s
- -Sp-X
- v.
29. _jo cNn cmjv{So-bmwi-ap-ff Nne IY-I ?
16
D. ssIhn-e-p-I, s]meokp-Im-cs aI, Pbn ]pf-fn-bpsS Nn{Xw, P-Zn-\w, ssSK

30. Imcq-cns {][m\ IrXn-I ?
D. A-e--d-n, ac-m-h-I, ]qh--gw, tamXncw, tahn-em-kw, Akvt{Xm-f-P, Ccp-n,
Krl-\m-bn-I, Hcp ]nSn av, aoIm-cn, Imcq IY-I.
31. Imcq IY-I-fpsS khn-ti-jX Fsmw ?
D. efn-Xa
- mb {]Xn-]m-Z-\-ssi-en, anX-Xzw, Bm-X, a\p-j-y-\
- -bn-ep-ff {]Xo-, IYm-]m-{X-fpsS A-cw-K-sf at\m-l-c-ambn A\m-h-cWw sNm\pw {Kmam--co--ns imeo\
ku-cyw Bhn-jvI-cn-m-\p-ap-ff tijn.
32. sI. kc-k-zXn A-bpsS {][m\ IYm-k-am-lm-c- ?
D. s]_pn, Fmw XnI `mc-y, IogvPo-h-\-m-cn, hnhm-l-k-m-\w, I\ aXn,
s]mp-p-Sw, Nph ]q, kc-k-z-Xn-A--bpsS kq IrXn-I.
33. ae-bmf sNdp-IYm kmln-X-y-nse {it-b-cmb IYm-Im-cn-I. ?
D. sI. kc-kz- -Xn-b
- , efn-Xmw-_nIm AP-\w, cmP-e
- a
- n, ]n. h-e, am[-hn-p-n, kmdm-tXma-kv, ]n.-B. iym-a-f, am\-kn, {]nb F. Fkv, sI. B anc, _n.-Fw. kpl-d, JZoP apwXm-kv,
ssa\ Dssa-_m.
34. "" Atlw Ddn Fgp-tp--Xn\p aps \apm {]hrn Ign-t-mw.'' k`w
GXv ?
D. th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-cpsS "Zzm-cI' F IY-bn Dd-m InS \mb-\msc kl{]-h-I-\mb amn hnfn-p-Wp-p. IS-en-em Zzm-cI ImWm Xm-dm-sW-n cm{Xn
Xs IS-en-en-dmw Fv Atlw \nt-in-p-p. hb-\
- mb amep-an-{X ss[cyw Dm-hm\n-S-bn-. AXn-\m Abm Ddn Fgp-tpw apt Pe a-\-I-hNw [cnv IS-en-endmw F [mc-Wb
- n Ah Fp-p.
35. ""CsX-sm-d-m-WtSm t\cw D-bm-hm-dm-bnt ? Fm tl \ne-hn-fn-p-Xv ?
k`w Fgp-Xp-I. ?
D. "Zzm-cI' F th-bn Ipn-cm-a\mb Gsd ly-Z-ya
- mb coXn-bn Ah-Xc
- n-n IY-bmWv. Pe-a
- \
- I-hNw [cnv IS-en-tev Cd-p-Xpw Ftm Pe-nem Zzm-cI
- bpw IS-ense
ap hnkvab
-
- fpw Bk-zm-Zy- a
- mbn Ah-Xc
- n-n-s
- -S- p-p. Hcp A\p-`h
- h
- n-Xc
- Ww t]mse aptdp BJ-ym-\-n Hcp "Sznv' Dm-p-IbmWv taep-cn hmI-y-n-eqsS IYm-Im-c sNp-Xv. CXp-hsc hnh-cn bm{X-sbmw kz-]v\-am-bn-cpp Fv hmb-\-msc IYm-Im-c
t_m[-ys
- -Sp-p-p.
36. ae-bmf kmln-X-y-nse BZ-y-Ime IYm-Im-cn-I ?
D. Fw. kc-k-z-Xo-`m-bn, N-n Nnp Am, ev-an-pn hmc-k-ym, hn. am[-hn-b-,
AmSn ImX-ym-b-\nb.
37. "]cmX, {]tbm-P\w IqSp-tmdpw {ItaW CSp-n-bn-Spn kzm-X-bn sN-h-km-\npp Fp tXmn-tmIpw AXnte \S-p-tm ? k`w Fgp-XpI
D. sI. kc-k-z-Xn-b--bpsS "tNme-a-c- ' F IY-bn I\-ymkv{Xo aT-n-tev {]th-inp Imhn-h-kv{X-m-c aTm--W-n hfp ]-en hr--fpsS at\m-lm-cnX Iv
Bk-z-Zn-p-p. tKn-\-Sp-p-\np sIn-Sw-hsc \p-h-fnb ac--fn ]t, ê-h-y- Imbvp-h sInSw kao-]n-p-tm-dp-amWv Ip-Xp-S-p--Xv. a\p-j-ys ]cm-XbpsS {]tbm-P\w hn-p-tmdpw IpSp-mbn kzm-Xb
- n sNv Fp-p Fv AXnte
\S-p-h
- v tXmpw.
38. "enn-qhv ImWp-tm sN-c-n-q-hns\ Hmp-t]m-semcp sshcp--y-`m-h-apv B
Ne-\-n-\n-S-bn'' hnh Fv ?
17
D. I\-ym-aT
-
- n-se-nb k\-ymkn AhnsS ]mSn-t GtXm Km\-n Xs ]q-Ime kvacW-I-fn-te-Xnstbm kmn-[yw Adn-bp-p. Fm IrX-y-ambn AsX-m-sWv Xncn-d- n-bm
]m Ah--bn-ep-ambn hnj-an-p-p. Cu Ahsb ]cm-ain-p-I-I-bmWv Chn-sS.
39. "" lrZ-bs ASn \nn _pn-sImv Btem-Nnv ]d-bWw '' enn-Ipn CXp ]d-bm-\pmb kml-N-cyw Fv ?
D. I\-ymkv{Xo aT-n hfsc bmZr-n-I-ambn Ip-ap-nb k\-ym-knbpw aZdpw ]q-Im-ev
Ab hmkn-If
- mbn Ign-n-cp-h
- cpw ]c-kv]cw {]Wn-b
- n-cp--hcpw Bbn-cp-p. hfsc ASp-n Ign-bp cp hop-Im X-fpsS {]W-b
- m AI-ep-sav Xo DffXn\m hnhmlw
F Imcyw Btem-Nn-mt\ Ahm-bn-. DS aS-n-h-cp-v Dd-p-\In Imap-I-\mb a[p
\mSp-hn-Sp-p. Xncn-s-n-bt- m enn-p-nsb ImWmv Iptd At\-zj
- n-p. HSphn Isnbtm Ah-fnXm aT-n aZ-dmbn Ign-bp-p. aT-n Ign-bp-Xv ISpw ssIbm-sW
a[p-hns A`n-{]m-bs enn-pn JWvUn-p-p. Fm cp Pohn-X-sf \in-n-h
Fv a[p ]d--tm enn-pn F aZ ]d-bp hmp-I-fm-Wn-Xv. cv Pohn-X- \inp-Ib
- , Ah ImcWw F{Xtbm Poh-\p-I c-s-n-p-v Fv enn-pn kan-p-p.
hnImcw sImf- f - e _pn- ] qw Nnn- p- I - I - b mWv th- s Xv Ah ]d- b p- p.
sI. kc-k-zXn A-bpsS Fgp-ns e-yhpw kz-`m-hhpw hy--am-Ip k`-am-Wn-Xv.
40. a[p F IYm-]m{Xw, Xs Xe apWvU\w sNbvX-Xn\p \nc-p "\ym-bo-I-cWw Fv ?
D. X\nv Ghpw `wKn-bp-ff hkvXp Xs Pohn-X-n \nv t]mbn. `wKn-bp-ffsXmpw
]noSv _mn hbvt-sp Abm hnNm-cn-p. am{X-a
- , Xs hnp IS-p-t]mbn Fv
Abm hni-z-kn ]q-Ime ImapIn enn-pntbmSv ]Icw hon-b-Xp-t]m-sebpw Abmv
tXmn.
41. Xs A{]n-Xo-sb-n aT-n-ep-f-f-hv t]Sn-bp-m-Ip-sav aZ ]d-bm Imc-W-sav ?
D. IqSp-X t\cw ki-I-t\mSv kwkm-cn-n-cn-p-Xv Im aT-n-ep-f-f-hv AXn-ibw
Dm-Ip-sa-nepw Bcpw AsXmcp ]cm-Xntbm {]iv\tam Bbn ]d-bn-. ImcWw aT-n\v hfsc
th-s--bm-fmWv aZ. [mcmfw ]Whpw ]m{Xhpw aT-n\p kw`m-h\ sNbvX BfmWv aZ.
t]mcm-X
- n\v hon \nv Bhiy-ap-ff
- t- m-sgmw ap km-nI klm-b
- fpw hcp-p. AXn\m C-c-n-ep-ff Hcmsf ]nW-t-v Ah Xocp-am-\n-n-cnpw Fv enn-pn hy-a
- mp-p.
42. "" h \n[nbpw Inp-sa-p-hm ]mhw ]mSp-s]-Sp-Xv ? '' k`w Fgp-Xp-I.
D. DXp-ms InW (Imcq \oe-IW
- vT]
- n-ff
- ) F IY-bn DXp-m F IYm-]m-{X-ns
a\pw kXv{]-h-\-fpw IYm-Irv anI coXn-bn Ah-X-cn-n-n-cnp-p. DXp-m
InW IppX-dnv \mp-Im-cn Nne ]cn-l-kn-p-p. h \n[nbpw Inp-sav Icp-XnbmWv DXp-m {]b-Xv\n-p-Xv Fv Ah Ifn-bm-p-p. Nne DXp-m\v {`mmWv Fp
hsc
]d-bp-p.
43. InW-dp-Ip-gn DXp-ms {ias \mp-Im kzo-I-cn-Xv Fs\ ?
D. InW-dp-Ip-gn DXp-ms\ ]ecpw IW-n\v ]cn-l-kn-p-I-bp-m-bn. AhnsS Hcp IpSn-epsIpw ]qpw ]ghpw hnn-cp-s-n Ahs sNe-hn-\p-ff
- Xv Inn-tbt\ '' Fv Nne DXp-ms
_pn-iq-\-y-Xsb D-bn-p. "" DXp-m hI'' Fp t_mUv hn-cp-s-n Iptd {]knn
Ah\p t\Sm-am-bn-cpp Fv ap Nne. "" Xosc KXn-sI-m IpSn-p-Nm-Im Ah\p h-h-cpsSbpw InWdv At\-zj
- n-t--v- H-cp-c-kn-Is hI \n. Ipn-I AXn Npw Nhdpw Ipw
Cp ckn-p. Hcp Zpcm-{Kln sXmnbpw asmcp ]m]n Inbpw tamjvSn-p. Cs\ ]e amXncn
t{Zml- ]ecpw sNbvXp. Ipd-p-t]scnepw DXp-ms {ias am\n-pI Dm-bn.
44. DXp-m Xm Ipgn InW-dn NmSn B-l-Xy sNm ImcWw Fv ?
18
D. Pt\m-]-Imcw e-y-an-mWv DXp-m InW Ipn-b-Xv. Fm ]epw B kZv`m-h\

CjvS-am-bn-. DXp-ms {]h\w {`mv AbmWv Ah I-Xv. X\nv {]tbm-P-\-an-m
Hcp Imcyw sNp-h
- {`m-\
- msX amcv FmWv s]mXp kaq-l
- n ]ecpw Btem-Nn-X
- v.
IqSmsX Imew amdn-b-tm Bfp-I-fpsS ]cn-jvIm-c-ns tImehpw amdn. Ipg InW-dp-Ifpw
Ipg Pehpw Bfp-I D]-tbm-Kn-m XpSn km Nne D-hp-If
- n-eqsS s]mXp-In-W-dpI anp \nI-m {ian-p. ASp-p-ap-f-f-ht]mepw DXp-ms InW aqSn--f-bp--XmWv
_pn Fv D]-tZ-in-p. Bi \in DXp-m HSp-hn B-l-X-yp Xm-dm-bn.
45. Ahs Ccn-p-I-m, ho Icn--S-s-m-sWt tXmq '' Cs\ tXmm ImcW-sav ?
D. sshw apl-Z _jo Fgp-Xnb "ssSK' F IY XS-hp-]p-ff
- n-If
- psS ssZ\y Pohn-Xs
{]ta-b-amn cNn--s--XmWv - sXcp-hnse GtXm HmS-bn P\n Hcp Nmh-em-n tem-n-\Ipw ]pdpw "ssSK' Bbn hne-kp-p. XS-h-d-m-cpsS `Ww Ignv ssSK XSn-p-sImgp-p. Pbn Ckvs]-IvS-dpsS ]cn-K-W-\bpw emf-\bptav asmcp "Ckvs]I-Sdp' sS `mhn Ign-bp "ssSK XS-hp-Im-cpsS Inse Ic-Sm-Wv. Idpp XSn ssSK-dns \mep-Imepw
hmepw shfpn-cn-p-X
- n-\m Ahs Ccn-p-Im-Wp ]w hop-\np Icn-S-ns
Hcp sIm-sWt Bpw tXmq.
III. apqdp hmn Ihn-bmsX D]-\y- -kn-p-I.
1. t\mhepw sNdp-I-Ybpw Xn-ep-ff {][m\ hy-X-ym-k- Fsmw ?
2. sNdp-I-Ybvv \I-s hy-X-ykvX \nh-N-\- Isn ]cn-tim-[n-p-I.
3. ae-bmf sNdp-IYm {]m-\-ns ]nd-hnsbIpdnv D]-\-y-kn-p-I.
4. BZ-y-Ime ae-bmf sNdp-I-Y-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-I hnh-cn-p-I.
5. sNdp-I-Ym-]-T-\-n\v klm-b-I-c-amb IrXn-Isf ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-I.
6. ae-bm-f-nse {][m\ IYm-Ir-p--fpsS ]nI Xm-dm-p-I.
7. th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-cpsS IY-I-fpsS {]tX-y-IX "Zzm-cI' ap \nn ]cn-tim-[np-I.
8. "ssSK ' aptm-p-h-bvp Bi-b- Fs-m-sav N sNp-I.
9. sshw apl-Zv _jo-dns cN-\m-hn-ti-j- ]p-sh-bvp-I.
10. "DXp-m ' F IYm-]m-{X-ns kz-`mh khn-ti-j-X-I \ncp-]Ww sNp-I.
11. sI. kc-k-zXn A-bpsS cN-\m-ssh-`h
- s "tNmemac- ' F IYsb ASn-m-\a
- mn
hnh-cn-p-I.
12. sNdp-IY
- m-{]-m\w ae-bm-f-n kPo-h-am-Im CS-bmb kml-N-cy- -s-p-dnv D]-\-y-knp-I.
13. \thm-m\Ime sNdp-I-Y-Isfpdnv D]-\-ymkw Xm-dm-p-I.
------
19
samU-yq 2
1.
2.
D.
3.
D.
4.
D.
5.
D.
6.
D.
7.
D.
8.
D.
9.
D.
10.
D.
11.
D.
12.
D.
13.
D.
14.
D.
15.
D.
Fw.Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb P\np hf {Kmaw ?

IqS-q
Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb P\n-Xv ?
1933 Pqembv 15\v
FmWv B[p-\nI IhnX F {Kw cNn-Xv Bcv ?
Fw. apIp-
tbm-p-J-amb \mbd-hm-Sp-I-fp-sS ]m--e-n hf-fp-h-\m-S {KmaoW Pohn
- Xns B-cnI temI- Ah-X-cn-n IYm-Im-c ?
Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb
"ImYn-Is ]Wn-pc' F IrXn Bcp-tSXv ?
"ImYn-Is Ie' F IrXn cNn-Xv ?
1953 \S temI-IYm a-c-n Hmw m\w t\Snb ae-bm-f-nse
IYm-Irv ?
Fw.-Sn.v 1953 temI-I-Ym-a--c-n Hmw m\w t\Sn-sm-Sp IY-bmWv
hfp-ar-K-
Fw.-Sn. bpsS "Bq--n X\nsb' F IrXn GXp Xcw kmln-X-y-hn-`m-K-n
sSp-p.
bm-{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww. ( kmc kmln-X-yw)
Fw.-Sn. cNn \mS-I-am-Wv ?
tKm]p-c-\-S-bn
"Im--fn-q--fpsS Imew' F IY cNn-Xv ?
teJ-\--sf-gpXn t\mn, Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xn-t\mn A-Xp-I-fpsS Bcw-`-n-emWv F\nv
{]nb-s, AYhm {]h-n-m ckw tXmp kmln-X-y-cq]w sNdp-I-Y-bm-sWp
Xocp-am-\n-X
- v..... Dv sNdp-IY
- t- bmSv F\nv {]tX-yI
- a
- mb Hcp ]-]m-Xa
- p-v. IhnXt]mse
Xs ]q-X-bn-se-n-m-hp Hcp kmln-X-y-cq-]-am-Wn-Xv. BcpsS hmp-I
Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb (Xn-s-Sp IY-I-fpsS Bap-Jw)
1950 Ifn IS-p-h B[p-\n-I-Ime ae-bmf sNdp-I-Y-I-fn IYm-Ir-p-
{]m[m-\yw \In-bXv Fn-\m-bn-cp-p.
_ml-ya
- mb kw`-hh
- n-h-cWsm IYm-]m-{X-ns at\m-`m-hmhn-jvIm-c-n\v
Fw.-Sn. bpsS BZ-y-IY {]kn--s-Sp-nb hjw ?
1948
""Fs Fm IY-Ifpw tNp-h-m Fs B I-Y-bmhpw'' Fv {]J-ym-]n
IYmIrv ?
Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb (Im-Yn-Is ]Wn-p-c)
20
16.
D.
17.
D.
18.
D.
19.
D.
20.
D.
21.
D.
22.
D.
23.
D.
24.
D.
25.
D.
26.
D.
27.
D.
28.
D.
29.
D.
30.
D.
31.
D.
32.
D.
33.
Hcp Imev \mK-cnI Poh-XntXv Fp Icp-Xn-bn-cp Inv tIc-f-nse \mn

]pdp-Im-cpsS Pohn-X
- nepw _m[n--Xns Xo-Whpw \nin-X-hp-amb
hnai-\a
- m-Wv.............- F IY.
inem-en-Jn-Xw.
Pohn-X-nse kwLj-ap-lq-sf apgp-h Hgn-hm-n, IW-p-Iq--ep-I \Sn,
kzmw am{Xw t\mn Pohn-p Cs a[-yh
- n kaq-l
- ns {]Xn-\n[n BWv
inem-en-JnXnse ...........-F IYm-]m-{Xw.
tKm]m-e Ipn
Fw.-Sn.v m\-]oT ]pc-kvImcw t\Sn-sm-Sp IrXn?
cmaqgw.
Fw.-Sn.-bpsS inem-en-JnXw GXp IYm-k-am-lm-c-n BWv.
sje-I.v
ap-f-f-h-cpsS Imc-y-n am{Xw BZiw Bh-i-y-sSpIbpw kzw Imc-yn kpNn-X-am-hp-Ibpw sNp ka-Im-enI kaq-l-ns {]Xn-\n[n BWv inem-en-JnXnse
........ F IYm-]m{Xw ?
s{]m^-k tKm]m-eIpn
1985 se hb-em AhmUp t\Snb Fw.-Sn-bpsS IrXn. ?
cmaqgw
1970 se tI{ kmln-Xy AIm-Zan AhmUp t\Snb Fw.-Sn-bpsS IrXn ?
Imew.
1959se tIcf kmln-X-y-A-Im-Zan AhmUp t\Snb Fw.-Sn-bpsS IrXn ?
\mep-sI-v.
tImhn-e F t]cn {]i-kvX-\mb Fgp-p-Im-cs bYm-t]cv ?
hn.-hn. A-.
]md-p-dv F XqenIm \ma-n {it-b-\mb Fgp-p-Im-c-\mWv ....
sI. C. am-bn.
\-\m F XqenIm \ma-n {]kn--\mb Fgp-p-Im-c ?
]n.-kn. tKm]m-e.
k-dnb P\n-Xv Fv ? FhnsS ?
1945 Dcp-fn-p-v (tIm--bw)
1979 tIcf kmln-Xy Am-Zan AhmUv t\Sn-sm-Sp k-dn-b-bpsS IYm-k-am
-lmcw ?
Hcn-S
- v.
k-dn-bpsS BZ-yI
- -Ym-k-am-lm-c-am-Wv......
Ipv.
Hcp \{km-Wn-bp-hmhpw Kufn imkv{Xhpw F IYm-k-am-lmcw BcptSXm-Wv.
k-dnb
kemw Ata-cn F IYm-k-am-lmcw cNn-nXv ?
k-dnb
B-dnbmw F IY Fgp-Xn-bXv Bcv ?
k-dn-b.
IYm-cw-`-n ss__n-fnse am-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-nse aqv hmI-y- D-cnp
21
tN k-dn-b-bpsS IY- bm-W.v .......

D.
B-dn-bmw.
34. hmXn Xf-fn-p-dv AI-tv hp. Abm Xfn-cp-p. thbvp Imep-I-fpambn Hcp a-n-tev hoWv Abm Ip-I-f-S-p. ChnsS ]cm-ain--s-Sp IYm]m{Xw Bcv ?
D. ]m-f-m-c ( B-dn-bmw)
35. ""\n sIm Ipp-v \n Ahsc sImm t]mIp-I-bm-sWp a\-nemtbm'' tNmZn-Xv Bcv ?
D. thi-ym-e-b-ns DS-a ( B-dn-bmw)
36. thi-ym-e-b-n Fnb ]m-f-m-cs {][m\ Bh-iyw Fm-bn-cp-p.
D. Ipfn-m shf-fhpw tNmc-bn-m Hcp DSp-pw.
37. \mnse Ipp--sf-sbmw h[np If-bm D-c-hn-Xv Bcv ?
D. sltdm-tZkv cmPm-hv.
38. BcpsS P\-\-amWv sltdm-tZkv cmPm-hns\ `b-N-In-X Bn-bXv ?
D. blq-Z-cpsS c-Is
39. kn. hn. {iocm-a P\n-Xv FhnsS ? Fv
D. 1931 \v Ipw Ipf-v.
40. "Np-{i-h-W-K-f-amw' F IYm-k-am-lmcw cNn-Xv ?
D. kn.-hn. {iocm-a
41. 1983 se tIcf kmln-Xy AIm-Zan AhmUv t\Snb kn.-hn. {iocm-as IYm-k-am-lm-c-am-Wv.
....
D. hmkvXp-lm-c.
42. 1999 tI{ kmln-Xy AIm-Zan AhmUp t\Snb {iocmas IYm-k-am-lmcw GXv ?
D. {iocm-as IY-I
43. ae-bm-f-n BZ-y-ambn ]m-f--Y-I cNn-Xv ?
D. shq cma \mb.
44. "{]Imiw ]c-p s]Ipn' F IY cNn--Xv.
D. Sn. ]-\m-`.
45. Sn. ]-\m-`s {]Imiw ]c-p s]Ipn F IYv AtX t]cn ]mc-Un-Y
Fgp-Xn-bXv ?
D. k-dn-b.
46. {]W-b-ns A[-c-kn-qcw sIms-gp-Xnb IY Fv sI. ]n. A hnti-jn-n Kucn
F IY Fgp-Xn-bXv Bcv?
D. Sn. ]-\m-`.
47. \ncm{Z-amb ùXnI temI-ns bmYm-y--tfmSv Gp-apn apdn-s-Sp a\p-j-ym-mhns thZ-\-I Nn{Xo-I-cn ImYn-I-\m-Wv.....
D. Sn. ]-\m-`.
48. ]-\m-` IY-bnse Ime-ss`-c-h F ]T\w Xm-dm-n-bXv ?
D. kn. B . kpio-em-tZ-hn.
49. Sn. ]-\m-` P\n-Xv Fv ? FhnsS ?
D. 1931 s^{_p-hcn An-\v, Iq-cnse ]f-fn-p-n
50. 1974 se tIcf kmln-Xy AIm-Zan AhmUv t\Snb ]-\m-`s IrXn-bm-Wv.
22
D.
51.
D.
52.
kmn.
2000--nse hb-em AhmUv t\Snb ]-\m-`s IrXn-bm-Wv........
]pg-I-Sv ac--fpsS CS-bn-te-v.
tI{-km-ln-Xy AIm-Zan AhmUv, tIcf kmln-X-y-A-Im-Zan AhmUv, HmS-p-g ]pc
- kvImcw Fnh \nc-kn IYm-Irv Bcv ?.
D. Sn. ]-\m-`.
53. Sn. ]-\m-`s kvac-W-bm-Wv..............
D. bm{X-a-t[y
54. Sn. ]-\m-`s teJ-\--fpsS kam-l-c-W-am-Wv....
D. ]f-fn-p-v.
55. Kucnv Ghpw CjvS-ap-ff ew GXm-bn-cp-p.
D. tKm]m ]q
56. ""IY Sn. ]-\m-`\v kmwkvImcnIhy-h-km-bns DXv]--a-. AXv At-l-n\v hni-zmk-ns {]h-\-am-Wv. PohnXw Cu Fgp-p-Im-c A\p-`-hn-p coXn IY-bmbn ]cn-Wan-p-I-bm-Wv. Abm, Rm Fo cq]- \nc-cw IS-p-h-cp--Xn-\m IY-I-sfmw Hcpt]m-se-bm-sWv Nnes-nepw tXmmw. ]-\m-`s IY-I Hcp-t]m-se-bp-ff IY-I-f-.
Fm AsXmcp ss\c--c-y-amWv''. ]-\m-`s IY-Isf C{]-Imcw hne-bn-cp-n-bXv Bcv?
D. sI. ]n. A ({]-W-b-ns A[-c-kn-qcw sIms-gp-Xnb IY)
57. IYm-Im-cs `mh\ kvt\l-ns bmYmyw Fm-sWv At\-z-jn-p IY-bm-Wv. .....
D. Kucn.
58 Sn. ]-\m-`s "aI' F IY At-lns GXp kam-lm-c-n BWv Df-fXv?
D. Kucn.
59. amXm-]n-Xm--fn \nv AIp t]mIp GI km-\-s-p-dn-p-ff Zp:JamWv Sn. ]\m-`s.........-F IY-bn.
D. aI.
60. ""i{Xp--fpsS ssIns]v ]nS-bp Hcp ]n-bpsS NndI-Sn-bp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cpp AhcpsS i_vZw''.......B-cpsS ?
D. A-bpsS (a-I Sn. ]Xv-a-\m-`)
61. "" Sn. ]m-\-` - Iebpw Pohn-Xhpw F IrXn X-dm-n-bXv ?.
D. C. Fw. Ajvd-^v.
62. ""B Nn{X-n-tev t\mn-bn-cp--tm- AXv ]Xps Nen-p-p-sv tXmn''........GXp Nn{Xw ?
D. aI ]mw mn-em-bn-cns FSp Npa-cnse Nn{Xw.(-a-I)
63. "hmkvXp-lmc' F-Xns Aw Fv ?
D. hkvXp A]-l-cn--s--h.
64. hmkvXp-lmc F IY \S-p-X A-co--sa-hnsS ?
D. 1951 apX 1973 hsc-bp-ff sImm \K-cw.
65. Bc-Xn--Wn-v \new hnp-sIm-Sp-m Xm-dm-bXv Bcv?
D. `hm\n Ambn
66. `hm\n Ambn nc-ambn hmbn-p-Xv GXp Fgp-p-Im-cs IrXn-I-fm-Wv.?.
D. t]. Fkv. _v
67. "km sImSp-p B-hrn `n-p-Xo-cp-tm AhnsS \npw NmSn-tmcpw ChW hopw I--bnse Hcp d^-yqPn Iym-n hv I-tm Abm Im
23
hoWp'' Bcv ?.
D. _n_mZv `RvP _ni-zmkv km[p.
68. ""t\m h lnkv t\w Cukv sdsaUv t^m Hm Cym ko-kkv'' BscpdnmWv Cu ]cm-aiw.
D. thWp-hns ko\n-b Hmô-k-sd-Ip-dn-v.
69. Fn-s\-bmWv thWp {]] cl-kyw Fp hnfn-Xv ?.
D. kvt\l-ap-f-f-h-cpsS D]-tZ-iw.
70. Za-bn-bpsS 'F_vtkUv ' (A-kw-_-w) Fp hti-jn-n-Xv Fns\ ?.
D. `mKn-t\-b apd-s-ns\ hnhmlw Ign-p tIc-f-nse coXnsb
71. I-en-tev t]mIm XpS-n-b-tm Za-bn thWp-hnt\mSv At]-n--Xv Fv ?.
D. X\nv Ip-I Ab-W
- s
- a-v.
II. 25 hmn Ihn-bmsX D-c-sa-gp-XpI
1.
]m-fI
- -Y-Iv ae-bm-f-n {]Nmcw t\Sn-sm-Sp IYm-Ir-p
Bsc-mw. ?.
D. tImhn-e, ]md-p-d-v, \-\m, hn\-b
2.
tImhn-es {][m\ IrXn-I ?.
D. Hcp IjvWw A-n, Hcp ]mew a\-tbm-e, BZys IY-I, iIp\w, ]nw
3.
]md-p-d-ns {][m\ IrXn-I ?
D. \mem\m-ep-h-gn, Zn\m--y-p-dn-p-I, {]Im-i-[m-c, Afn-b, Po-hn-X-ns B_n \nv.
4.
\-\m-cpsS {][m\ IrXn-I ?
D.
Hcp hj-Ime cm{Xn, BImiw sXfn-p, s\pw ]Xn-cpw, an IpWn, sImq-
5.
hn\-bs {][m\ IrXn-I ?
D. ISepw In-bpw, Ne-\-, Xopw Xncbpw
6.
A[-ym-]I IY-Iv ae-bm-f-n {]kn-n- \Inb IYm-Ir-p- Bscmw ?.
D. Imcq \oe-I-WvT-]n-f-f, AIv_ I-n, F.-tam-l-\.
7.
ae-bmf IYm-km-ln-X-y-n B[p-\n-I-Xbvv {]m[m-\yw \Inb Fgp-p-Im-cn {]apJ ?.
D. Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb, Sn. ]-\m-`, ]-p-hnf Icp-Wm-I-c, Iaem kpc, F.]n. apl--Zv, kn. cm[m-Ir-jvW, Pn. hnth-Im-\-, kn.-F. {ioI-WvT\m-b,
ap-p-hn.
8.
B[p-\nI IY-I-fpsS {][m\ khn-ti-j-X-I ?
D.
\thm-m\ IY-I-fn {]I-S-am-bn-I-n-cp kmaq-ln-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb IYm--co-ns Akm-n-[y- w, IYm-Ir-ns B-\n-jvThpw kq-amwiw {]I-Sa
- mIpw hn[hpw Dff
cN-\m-ssien t\cn-p-ff kmaq-ln-Ih
- n-ai-\
- n-\p-]I
- cw tIhe hy-n-bpsS {hWn-Xa
- mb PohnX
kml-N-c-y--fpsS AS-bm-f-s-Sp-, hn-h-I-c-amb Bi-b-{]-Nm-cWw sImv am{Xw kmaqlnI ]cn-h\w \S-m-\m-hn-s Xncn-d- n-h,v kw`-hh
- n-hc
- W
-
- p ]Icw IYm-]m-{X-ns
am\-kn-I-amb koW-`m-h-sf Bhn-jvI-cn-m-\pff {iaw, DNn-X-amb _nw_fpsS
kmn-[y- w, AkvXn-Xz- Z- i\w at\m-hn-m-\obw Cw{]-j-\n-kw XpSn B[p\n IYsb thdnp
\nnb LS-I- \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv.
9. Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb-cpsS {][m\ IYm-k-am-lm-c- ?
D. \ns Hm-bvv, Hmfhpw Xoc-hpw, Ipt-y-S-n, sjtem-v, Ccp-ns Bm-hv,
24
hmcn-p-gn, Zmdp--emw, kzKw Xpd-p ka-bw.

BZ-y-Ime ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-I-fnse {][m\ {]ta-b- ?
{]Wbw Ipm-t\-z-j-Ww, Aa-fn, kml-k-Ir-X-y-
\thm-m-\-Ime ae-bmf sNdp-I-Y-I-fnse {][m\ {]ta-b- Fs-mw.
hni-v, Imaw, \ne-\n-ev]n-\p-th-n-bp-ff ka-cw.
""\o......-X-W-ev \S-v, C\n XpSpw aqp-No-epw Pe-tZm-jhpw'' k`-taXv ?
As-n
13. aIIpS-bpsS XW-ens h-n \nv AIv apt \S-p. DW-nb FffnIp-n-I
Nhn-n-sbm-Sn-p-sImv [y-Xn-bn \S-p Ah-fpsS H-sa-m Abm {]bm-ks
- -p... k`w
GXv ?
D. Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb-cpsS "inem-en-JnXw' F sNdp-IY
- b
- n Ncn-{Xm-[y- m-]I
- \
- mb tKm]meIpnbpw aIfpw Xn-ep-ff kw`m-jW cwK-amWv ChnsS ]cm-ain-p--Xv. tKm]m-eIpnbpsS Asb klm-bn-m \nn-cp kv{XobpsS aI Ftm hnjw Ignp InS--tm
tKm]m-eIp-n-b-Sw Hcmfpw cn-m Xm-dm-bn-. th NnIn InmsX Ah ac-W-aS-p. Bdp-\m-gn-I-t]m-bm km Bip-]{- Xn-bp-spw AhnSs tUmIvSsd hnfn-m
Hcmfpw t]mbn-spw tKm]m-eIpn ]d--tm, A\p hnfn-p-sIm-p-hcmam-bn-cp-nt
Fv aI tNmZn-p. B tNmZ-y-n\p Abmv adp-]Sn Dm-bn-cp-n-. hnjbw amm
Abm aIsf t{]cn-n-p--XmWv k`w. ]t aI Abm \op XW hw \nc-knp-ap-tmp in-tbmsS Kan-p-p. Xp-amb kzm-X-If
- n am{Xw a\v can-p kaq-lns {]mXn-\n-[y- a
- mWv tKm]m-e Ipn F IYm-]m-{X-n Fw.-Sn. aqoI-cn-p-X
- v. Fmn\pw ap-f-f-hsc ]gn-Nm-cp at\m-`m-h-amWv Abmv. Fm ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bn IYm-Irn-\p-ff hni-zm-k-amWv aI-fn-eqsS Fw.-Sn. aptm-p-h-bvp--Xv.
14. Sn ]Xva\m-`s {][m\ IrXn-I GsX-mw. ?
D. Hcp IYm-Irv Ipcn-in, ]pg-I-Sv ac--fpsS CS-bn-te,v {]Imiw ]c-p Hcp s]
Ip-n, ]-\m-`s IY-I, IS, Ime-ss`-c-h, lmcn-k kmbvhns \mb, klr-Z-b-\mb
sNdp--m-cs v Pohn-X-n \nv, \fn-\-Im-n, aJkn-ns ac-Ww, IYm-Ir-v--km-n,
hoSv \jvS-s Hcp Ipn, Kp apl--Zv, s]cp-a-g-t]m-se, Fs {]nb-s IY-I, Sn. ]-\m`s IY-I (k-qw), Kucn.
15. Sn. ]-\m-`s ]pg-I-Sv ac--fpsS CS-bn-tev F IrXn Ic--am-nb {][m\ ]pckvIm-c
- FsXmw?.
D. hb-em AhmUv,-h-f-f-tm ]pc-kvIm-cw, efn-Xmw-_nIm A\w kvamcI ]pc-kv
Im-cw, Fgp-- ]pc-kvIm-cw-.
16. Sn. ]-\m-`s IY-I-fpsS khn-ti-jX Fv ?
D. ae-bm-f
- n sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy- t- mSv am{Xw {]tX-yI Xmev]c
- yw ImWn A]qw IYmIm-c-m-cn Hcm-fmWv Sn. ]-\m-`, Xs B-`m-h-sf kz-I-Y-bnepw IYm-]m-{X--fnepw
kn-th-in-nv Ah-bpsS ]c-am-h[n hmb-\-m-cs\ A\-`h
- -s-Sp-n-sm-Sp-m ]-\m-`\p
Ign-bm-dp-v. kvt\l-amWv ]-\m-`-IY
- -If
- psS {][m\ {]tabw AXv {]Wbw, hm-ey- w, Ky-lmXp-c-X XpS-nb hy-X-ykvX `mh--fpsS A[m-c-bmbn {]h-ln-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-pp Atl-ns IY-I-fn Imh-ym--I-amb `mj-bn Ah Ah-X-cn-n-m ]-\m-`\p {]tX-yI
hncpXv Dv. a\p-j-y-a-\
- ns ko-X-I At-l-ns IY-I-fn A\m-hc
- Ww sN-sSp-p.
17. Sn. ]-\m-`s "aI' F IY-bpsS CXn-hr--sav ?
D. t]mn-hf
- nb A-\
- a
- msc X\n-mn kzw Pohn-Xt- \-
- n-\mbn {ian-p aIs\Ipdn10.
D.
11.
D.
12.
25
p-ff IY-bmWv Sn. ]-\m-`s "aI' {]mb-amb Imev {]nb-s a-fpsS kmao-]-yhpw
klm-bhpw B{K-ln-p amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS am\knImh ly-Z-b-kv]p-mb hmp-I-fn
]-\m-` "aI\n' hc-p-h-bvp-p. H-s-S-ensbpw Ah-K-Wn--s-Sp--Xnsbpw thZ\bpw \n-lm-b-X-bpw IYm-Irv A\p-`-hs
- -Sp-n--cp-p, Cu IY-bn-eq-sS.
18. kZ-ybvv \nevnt ' F aIs tNmZ-y-n\v A adp-]Sn \In-bXv Fs\ ?
D. Sn. ]-\m-`s "aI' F IY-bn aIs `mc-y-bpsS A\p-P-n-bpsS hnhm-l-n\v
Fnb A Xs aI-\p-ambn \S-p kw`m-j-W-amWv k`w. I-ym-W-n\v hcm
Hpw Xmev]-cyw Cm-Xn-cp Abm `mc-y-bpsS k-X-{]-Im-c-amWv ]s-Sp--Xp-X-s. AhnsS
Fn-b-tm th ]cn-K-W\ e`n-msX, H-c-[n-I--mbn Xm\-hnsS \nevpp Fv A\p
tXmn. Xnc-sm-gn Hcp kabw t\mn Abm aI-\p-ambn Aev]w \Sp Nne kw`m-jW
- \S-n. Xs aI Hncn amdn-tmbXmbn Abm Xncn--dn-p. HSp-hn tlm-en
Xncn-s-nb Abm Xm DS t]mIp-sav aIs\ Adn-bn-p. aI A kZ-ybvp
\nevnt F aIs tNmZ-y-n\v Abm Hcp Nncn-bmWv adp-]Sn \evIn-b-Xv.
19. ""Ah Ftm-gmWv hcn-I. \msf hcptam'' ? BcpsS tNmZ-y-amWv ?
D. ]-\m-`s "aI' F IY-bn X-fn \npw amdn Zqsc Hcn-Sp IpSpw-_k
- -taXw Ignbp "aIs kmn-[yw sImXn-p-, hy--cmb Hcp Asbpw A-bp-sSbpsSbpw ly-Z-bt`-Z-I-amb am\-kn-Im-hbmWv Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xv. aIs `mc-y-bpsS A\p-P-n-bpsS hnhml-n\v kw_-nv Xncn-s-nb `m-hn-t\mSv aI ASp Znhkw hcnt Fv A
tNmZn-p-p. òXn-I-esXnepw ZrU-amb i_vZ-n-ep-ff tNmZ-y-n\v Abm Ah-y-amb D-c-amWv \Ip--Xv. aIs\ ImWm\pw Ahs kmn-[yw sImv ktm-jn-m\pw
shp Hcp A-bpsS Ah Cu hcn-I-fn sXfn-p-Im-Wp-p.
20.k-dn-b-bpsS IYm-k-am-lm-c- GsXmw ?.
D. Hcn-S
- v, Ipv, B-dn-bmw, Hcp-\{- km-Wn bphmhpw Kufn-im-kv{X-hpw, I\-ym-Ip-am-cn, ImSn
Imtam-f-hpw, k-dn-b-bpsS IY-I,
21. k-dn-b-bpsS IY-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I GsXmw ?
D. kaq-l
- ns ssiYn-eyw Xpdp ImWn-p-h
- b
- mWv k-dn-bb
- psS IY-I. hfsc \nwKX {]I-S-am-p-, AtX kabw Xo{h-amb Bt]w lmk-y-ns AI--Sn-tbmsS Dbph-cp BJ-ym-\-co-Xn-bmWv Atlw kzo-I-cn-p--Xv. h-am\ Ime Pohn-X-ns Ah-I-fpsS Xo{h-amb Bhn-jvImcw At-l-ns IY-Isf anIhp-X
- m-p-p. ^m-knsb AX-ymIj-I-ambn sImp-h-cm-\p-ff k-dn-b-bpsS anIhv {it-b-am-Wv.
22. "" F\nv Adn-p-Iq-Sm. Ipp-v ac-W-aptm Ahv ac-W-s-n Nnn-m-\dn-bptam ? Cs\ tNmZn--Xmcv ? k`-taXv ?
As-n
23. "" Rm tI-sXmw A-am-cpsS Ic-n-emWv '' Cu {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS hnh Fv ?
D. k-dn-bpsS "B-dnbmw" F AX-yw \mS-Io-b-amb IY-bn, sltdm-tZkv cmPm-hns
Iev]\ {]Imcw \mn ]nd-p Ipp-sf sImp-I-f-bm Cd-n-n-cn Hcp ]m-f-mcs Ah--bmWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-p--Xv. cmP-I-ev]\ Acw {]Xn A\p-k-cn-m hn[n-s
-
Abm Xs {]h-\--fn Ak-z--\m-Wv. taemsI cw ]pc Ah-b
- n Abm
hn{i-an-n-\mbn thi-ym-e-b-n Fp-p. nW-a-I-nb tijw Ipfn-m shffw thWsav Adn-bn-p-p. Atm thi-ym-eb
-
- ns DS-a Abm-tfmSv tNmZn-p-p.
""
\n sIm Ipp,v \n Ahsc sImm t]mhpI-bmtWm Fv a\-n
emtbm? ''. Cu tNmZ-y-n\v Abmv {]tX-y-In-sm-cp adp-]Sn Dm-bn-cp-n-. Fm
thi-ym-e-b-ns DS-a--Iv Hcp adp-]Sn thW-am-bn-cp-p. Atm Abm ]d-bp-ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
26
XmWv Cu hmI-y- ' F\n--dn-p-Iq-Sm.. Ippv ac-W-aptm ? Ahp-a-c-W-sn Nnn-m-\-dn-bmtam ? Rm tI-sXmw A-am-cpsS Ic-n-em-bn-cp-p. '' . Cu hmI-y
fn Xs Gn--s ZuX-y-n Abmp-ff XmXv]c
- -y-p-dhpw \nwKXbpw \n-lmb-Xbpw hy-a
- m-Ip-p-v.
24. AcmWv sltdm-tZ-kns i{Xp ? BcmWn ]ndn-cn-p--Xv. ? Hcp Ipn-s\-sb-n-\mWv
sltdm-tZkv t]Sn-p-Xv?. - thi-ym-e-b-ns DS-a--bpsS tNmZ-y-n\v ]m-f-m-c
\Inb adp-]Sn Fv ?
D. sltdm-tZkv cmPm-hns Iev]-\-{]-Imcw, \mn ]nd Ipp-sf Fmw sImsm-Smm ]pd-s Hcp ]m-f-m-c Xs I-h-y-n-\n-S-bn hn{i-an-m-\mbn thi-ym-e-b-nse-p-p. Fn-\mWv sltdm-tZkv Cs\ `b-p--sXv thi-ym-e-bns DS-a-bvv
a\-n-em-Ip-n-. Atm ]m-f-m-c Ahv sltdm-tZ-kns Iev]-\v ImcWw hy-am-p-p. blq-Zc
- psS cmPmhv _Xvet- l-an P\n-n-cn-p-p-shv Ahs\ tXSn Fnb m\nI sltdm-tZ-kns\ Adn-bn-p-p. t]Sn sltdm-tZkv ]nd-hn-sb-Sp blq-Z-cpsS cmPmhns\ B Ipns\ h[n-m-\mWv Iev]\ ]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-cn-p--Xv.
25. "" C{X Bbncw Ipp--fpsS tNmc-bn-eq-sS-bmtWm Hcp c-I hcp-Xv ?'' ]m-f-m-c
C{]-Imcw tNmZn-m Imc-Ww Fv ?
D. k-dn-b-bpsS "B-dnbmw' F IY Nne Zmi\nI {]iv\- Dbn-n-Sn-p-p.
sltdm-tZkv cmPm-hns B inc-m-h-lnv At\Iw Ipn-Isf sImp-I-fv hn{i-an-ns\-nb ]-m-f
- m-c thi-ym-eb
-
- ns DS-ab
- p-ambn \S-X1-Xp kw`m-jW
-
- n-eq-sS-bmWv IYmIm-c Cu Zmi-\nI {]iv\- Nv shp-X
- v. blq-Z-cpsS c-I ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-n-pffXn\m Ahs\ \in-n--W-sa-mWv cmP-I-ev]-\. Fm GXmWm c-I ? Adn-bn-.
AXn-\m Fm Ipp-s
- fbpw hI hcp-pI F-XmWv cmP-Ie
- v]-\. Cu Iev]\ \n-lnptmgpw ]m-f-m-c\p aSp-p-v. Ipp--fpsS cw, A-am-cpsS Ic-n ]m-f-m-c
Xs Zb-\o-bX Xpd-p-]-d-bp-. BcmWv Ccw Xocp-am-\--sfmw \S-n Bp--Xv. ?
C{X Bbncw Ipp--fpsS tNmc-bn-eq-sS-bmtWm Hcp c-I hcp-Xv Fv Abm tNmZnp-p. CXp Xs-bmWv thi-y-bp-sSbpw tNmZ-yw. aln-a-tbm-sS-bt c-I htc-Xv ? Cu
tNmc-bvsmw c-I Xs Dcw ]d-tbt ? Cu ISw Ah Fs\ hopw ? Fpw
Ah Ah tNmZn-p-p.
26. "" \apv c-I\
- a
- msc thWw tNmc-bn-eq-sStbm {]Xm-]t- m-sStbm Ah hc-s. ]m-f
- mc\pw thi-ybvpw c-I-msc thWw. '' Cu {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS {]kn Fv ?
D. k-dn-b-bpsS "B-dnbmw ' F IY-bn I-hy \n-lWw Ignv thiyme-bn hn{i-a-n-s\-p ]m-f-m-c\pw thi-ym-e-bns DS-abpw Xn-ep-ff N-bn-eqsS
Nne Zmi-\nb {]iv\- Npcp \nhn ]pd-p-h-cp-p. Fm Acpw-sIm-e-Ifpw AXn-{Ia-fpw hcm-\n-cn-p c-Is t]cn s]mdp--s-Sp-p. thi-ypw ]m-f
- m-c-\p-sams
c-I-m thWw. AXn-\m c-I hc-s. AXv tNmc-bn-eq-sStbm {]Xm-]-n-eq-sStbm
Fs\ Bbmepw Ipg--an-. c-I hm aXn. hfsc {]k--amb Nn-bmWv Cu hcnI-fn k-dnb aptmp hbvp--Xv.
27. "" AXv Fs ]q-s]--Xm-Wv. a\p-j-y-p-n-bpsS Ic-nt]mse tXmp-p. At ?;
Asn
28. "" \o If-h-p]-dp hnj-an-t-. AXn\n blq-Z-cpsS c-I-\m-sW-ns Fnsv? Ipfn-m h-h-\mWv Rm. tPmen Ignv hn{i-an-p-hm h-h-\m-Wv. shw
NqSm-bnt ? k`w GXv ?
D. k-dn-b-bpsS "B-dnbmw ' F IYbn cmP-I-ev]-\-{]-Imcw \mnse ]np Ippae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
27
sf Bdpw sIme sNm-\n-d

- nb Hcp ]m-f-m-c Xs I-hy \n-lW
- -n\p tijw
Hcp thi-ym-e-b-n hn{i-a-n-\mbn Fp-p. Dd--ap-W ]m-f-m-c-\p-ambn thi-ym-ebns DSa \S-p kw`m-j-W-amWv IYm-k-`w. hcm-\n-cn-p c-Is A-y-amWv
sltdm-tZkv cmPm-hn\p th-X.v Bbn-c
- W
-
- n\p Ipp-f
- psS tNmc-sbm-gpIn ISp hcp
c-Is\ sNmn ]m-f-m-c\pw thi-ybpw kwkm-cn-p-p. Imc-y- F{X {Iqc-am-sW-nepw
Xv Hcp c-I IqSntb Ign-bq. F Xocp-am-\-n Ah-cn-cp-hcpw Hn-p-p. Ipfnm Xm-sd-Sp-th ]m-f-m-c km-bn apdn-bn \nv Hcp Ipns Ic-n tIpp. s]sv AXns Ic-n Bscm Aan-n-Sn-p-p. Hcp Xf ]pncn ]m-f
- m-cs
apJ-p-m-bn. thi-ym-e-b-n Bcpw c-Is\ tXSn hn At F At-l-ns
tNmZyw c-Is BK-a\
- s kw_-n asmcp Nnv Ah-kcw \Ip-X
- m-Wv. Fm
B Ic-n Hcp ]q-p-n-bp-tS-Xm-sWpw ap\-jy- I
- p-ns Ic-nt]mse tXmpp Fpw
]dv thiy Ipns\ cn-m {ian-p-tm If-hp-]d- p Xm {]bm-ks
- -tS Fpw
B Ipv blq-Z-cpsS c-I-\m-sW-n X\nv Fv ? Xm tPmen-I-gnv hn{i-an-m
F-nb-h-\m-Wv. ]m-f-m-cs \nw-K-amb adp-]Sn Abm-fpsS I-h-y-n AX-r]vXn
hy-amp-p.
29. "" \ns aI hfv cmPm-hm-Ip-tm R-sfbpw cn-m ]dbq'' Cu A`-y\ \Sn-b-Xmcv ? k`w GXv ?
D. k-dn-bb
- psS "B-dnbmw' F IY-bn, blq-Zc
- psS c-I ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-s hnhcw
e`n--Xn-\m \mnse apgp-h Ipp--sfbpw \n{K-ln-m Iev]n-s Hcp ]m-f-m-c
Xs I-hy- \
- nh-lW
- t- ijw hn{i-an-m-\mbn Hcp thi-ym-eb
-
- n Fp-p. Ipfn Ignv
Abm KmU-amb Dd--n-em-b-tm AhnsS Hfn-n--s-n-cp Ipns\ c-s-Sp-m-\pff {ia-n-em-bn-cpp thi-ym-e-b
- ns DS-a
- bpw klm-bn-If
- pw. ]pd-p-Im-p-\np
Igp-X
- p-dv Ipn-s\bpw A-sbbpw Ibn bm{Xm-samgn ]d-bp-X
- mWv k`w. Xv
A`bw \I-bn-Xn\v \n-bp-spw Hcp {]X-yp-]-Imcw sNm Xv Ign-bn-spw
Ipns A Adn-bn-p-p. Atm thi-ym-e-bns DS-abpsS A`-y-\-bmWv
ta D-cn hmI-yw. blq-Z-cpsS c-I-\mb aI-t\mSv thi-y-I-fmb Xsf cn-m-\mWv
Ah A`-yn-p--Xv.
30. ae-bm-f-n {it-b-cmb cmjv{Sob IYm-Ir-p--fn {]ap-J ?
D. kn. AN-yp-X-p-dpv (19112000) Un. Fw. s]ms-m-Sv( Fw.-Z-tam-Z-c s]ms-mSv 1923-1977)
sNdp-ImSv tKmhn--n-jm-c-Sn, F. tKmhn- Ipn, Fkv. B Iv, G.-]n. If-bvm-Sv, tPmkv
.sP. Nme-m-Sn, s]cp sI. hn. tXma-kv.
31. Sn. ]-\m-`s " aI' F IY-bpsS BJ-ym\w \nh-ln--s-n-cn-p-Xv Fs\ ?
D. aIs `mc-yb
- psS A\p-P
- n-bpsS hnhm-l
- n\v AI-se-bp-ff Xom-S\ \K-cn-bnse t{Xn t]mbn Xncn-s-nb As hnNm-c--fn-eq-sS-bmWv "aI' F IY BJ-ym\w sNs-n-cn-p-X
- v.
32. kn.-hn. {iocm-as IrXn-I GsXmw ?
D. hmkvXp-lm-c, qc-kp-[m-cm, NnZw-_-cw, ]pd-Im-gvN-I , Ftmkn h-y-, Zp:-Jn-X-cpsS
Zp:Jw, Xo- m- h- Sn, Np-{ i- h- W -K -f - amw, Dtfm- kv , ]m ]mS- n\pw apv,
Hms-v, {iocmas IY-I, kp\n-a.
33. "hmkvXp-lm-c-"bpsS IYm {]tabw Fv ?
D. _wKm hn`P-\-n-\p-tijw C-y-bnepw _wm-tZ-in-ep-ambn Ign-p-Iq-t-n-h IpSpw-_-fpsS Zb-\ob Pohn-Xhpw Ah-cpsS [mn-It- cm-jhpw hn-h{- ]-h-\
- fpw BWv " hmkvXplmc'IY-bpsS {]ta-bw.
28
34. "hmkvXp-lmc'aptm-p-h-bvp Bibw Fv ?

D. kzw `qanbpw [\hpw km-Zy- -hp-samw A]-lcn--sv A]am-\n-Xcpw an-Xc
- p-ambngnbp P\X hn-h {]h-\
- f
- n-tev kz-ta-[bm k-cmbn IS-p-hc
- p-p-shv IYm-Irv
Za-b
- n-bp-sSbpw ktlm-Zsbpw {]h-\
- sf NqnmWnv hy-am-n-c
- p-p. {]iv\]-cn-lm-c-np-ff At\Iw t]mwh-gn-Isfpdn-p-ff Btem-N\
- bvpw IYm-Irv Ah-kc
- s
- am-cpp-p.
35. "" _m_p, Fno \in sIm--bn \nv Fs\sbnepw c-s-SWw Asn Fs cp -a--fpw BcmWv sIm--bn \nv c-s-S-W-sav A`-yn-p
-Xv ? ImcWw Fv ?
D. kn. hn. {incm-as "hmkvXp-lmc' F IY _wKm hn`-P-\-Im-ev ]oU-\-a-\p-`-hn--s
P\-Xb
- psS thZ\ ]n-Sp-X
- mWv. sIm-b
- nse _\-UnIv kv{Sonse kZmPn tlm-en
Xma-kn-p sd^-yqPn Hmô-k-sd-tSn Hcp _wKmfn kv{Xo Fp-p. A`-bmn-I-fm-bhsc B-am Zzo-]n-tev sImp-t]mbn Hcp G `qanbpw hoSpw Ip-Im-en-Ifpw hop-km[-\
- fpw sImSp-p-Xv Adnp h-hf
- m-Wh
- . Xsbpw A`-bmn-If
- psS ]n-Ib
- ns]Spn-sIm-b
- n \npsImp-t]m-IW
- s
- a A`-y-\b
- pam-bmWv Ah h-Xv. Pohn-Xn kpJw Fsv Adn-bm-h
- f
- mWv Xms\pw Hcp Znh-ks
- a-nepw kz-X
- t- bmsS Ccpp
acn-m aXn-sbpw Ah Abmsf Adn-bn-p-p.
36. XstXSn-sb-nb _wKmfn kv{XobpsS A`-y-\bvv sd^-yqPn Hmô-k \Inb
{]Xn-Ic
- -Ws
- a-m-bn-cp-p. ?
D. _wKm hnP-\-n IjvS-X-b-\p-`-hn-p A`-bmn-Isf klm-bn-m-\p-ff ]Xn
Adnv Fnb Hcp _wKmfn kv{XobpsS Bh-i-y-n-\p-ap-n sd^-yqPn Hmô-k A-cp-\n-p. Ij-Icpw Xmgv-Pm-Xn-m-cp-amb A`-bmn-Ip am{X-ap-ff ]-Xn-bm-W-Xv.
"Ibkv sYm' F Db PmXn-bns]--Xn-\m Ahsf Cu ]-Xn-bnsSp-m-\-hn-sv
Abm Adn-bn-p. Fm Xs av AhnsS Fs-nepw tPmen Xc-s-Sp-n-X-cmtam
F At\-z-j-W-n\v Ah-fpsS tahnemkw hmn "ImWmw' F-bm k-Xn-p-p.
37. "" kzw A ]d-m A\p-k-cn-m--h-tfmSv Hcp hntZ-in-]-d-m '' k`w
GXv ?
As-n
38. "Cp sIm--bnse nXn AXmWv '' Cu {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS hnh Fv ?
D. hn`-P\w sImp IjvSX A\p-`-hn-p P\-Xsb klm-bn-m-\p-ff ]-Xn-bn Xsbpw
Ds-Sp-mtam Fv At\-zj
- n-p-h _wKmfn kv{Xosb d^yqPn Hmô-k Imc-y
- ]dp
a\-n-em-n-sIm-Sp-p-p. Xmgv PmXn-m-cmb Ij-Is
- c-am{Xw Dt-in-p-ff ]-Xn-bmWv Fv
Adn-t- m B kv{Xo Hmô-k-dt- dmSv asmcp A`-y\ \S-p-p. Xs av Zzo-]n
Fs-nepw tPmen-bp-mncmtam Fv. AhnsS [mcmfw Cwojv aoUnbw kvIqfp-I
Df-fX
- n-\m Ahnse tPmen Inm henb _pn-ap-p-m-In-sp Abm Adn-bn-pp. ]t
Xm ]d-m Ah tIn-spw Hmô-k ]d-m \S-p-sapw Ah \nt-inp. Atm Hmô-k \Ip adp-]Sn CXm-bn-cp-p. kzw A ]d-m A\p-k-cn-m-h-tcmSv Hcp hntZin ]d-m ....... '' Abm-fpsS kwibw ]t _wKm-fn-kv{Xov Dm-bncp-n-. sIm-b
- nse nXn Ctm C-s\-sbm-s-bmWv Fv Ah hy-a
- m-p-p.
hn`-P-\Ime _wKm-fns t\Nn-{X-amWv "hmkvXp-lmc'bneqsS kn. hn. {iocm-a Bte-J\w
sNp-X
- .v
39. Za-bn tIcf P\-Xsb shdp-m Imc-W-sav ?
D. kn.-hn. {iocmas "hmkvXp-lmc' F IY-bn d^-yqPn Hmô-k Xs tXSn Hcn-
29
Fnb BcXnWn--cpsS hon Fp-p. Nmbbpw ]elmchpw Ign-p--Xn-\n-S-bn

BWv Bc-Xn-bpsS aI Za-bn Fp--Xv. Hmô-k tIc-f-n \nm-sWv Adn-]msS Ah, Xm tIc-f-P-\-Xsb shdp-pp Fv ]d-p. ae-bm-fn-I òcp-fpw Ah-kc-hm-Zn-Ifpw dnG-W-dn-I-fp-amWv Ah-fpsS ImgvN-m-Sv. sIm--bn Fp ae-bm-fnI \mep-Zn-hkw hn-h-{]-m-\-smw \S-p-p. tPmen-In-n-bm ]ns Hn-\p-an-.
icnpw Icn-bdnp-I. cmjv{Sw kz-X-{-am-I-W-sapw Fm-hpw ka-Xzw thWw Fpw
B{K-ln-p Za-b-n-bpsS IneqsS ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS bYm kz-`mhw hc-p-h-bvp-I-IbWv IYm-Ir-v.
40. "Av cm{Xn Abm sse-Wv Dd-m InS--tm-gmWv Ah-cpsS Zp:-J-ns Ccpv
Abmsf IS-m-{I-an--Xv. ? Bsc ? Imc-W-sa-m-bn-cpp ?
D. kn.-hn. {iocm-as "hmkvXp-lmc" F IY-bn IYm-\m-b-I-\mb d^-yqPn Hmô-k, Xs
honsenb _wKmfn kv{Xosb Ww kzo-I-cnv Ah-fpsS hon Fp-p. Ipi-em-t\-z-jW-n \npw B kv{Xo Bc-Xn--Wn- Xs Ippn Am-hs `mc-y-bm-sWv Xncn-dn-bp-p. Hcp KXn-bp-an-msX Pohn-p Ah-sc-p-dn-p-ff Nn Abmsf Ak-z-\
- m-p-p.
41. "" {]Xo-n-X
- nepw thK-n adp-]Sn hp. A-bpsS am{X-a
- , ap-]-e-cp-sSbpw Fmw Htc
kz-c-n'' Fm-bn-cpp Inse Df-f-Sw ?
As-n
42. A-s\-h-Xpw sImSp--W-sav tXmp-p-s-n \o km-Znp Iqn-bn-nt ! AXn
\nv FSpv sImSp-tmfq'' FmWv Cu {]kvXm-h-\v Imc-Ww. ?
As-n.
43. "B Znh-k-a-{Xbpw Abm B hcn-I-fn am{Xw k-cn-p.'' k`w Fv ?
D. kn.-hn.-{io-cm-a "hmkvXp-lmc' F IY-bn d^-yqPn Hmô-k Xs kao-]n Hcp _wKmfn
kv{XobpsS CS-s]-S-en Dmb IuXpIw \nanw Ah-cpsS hoSv kin-p-p. Ipi-emt\z--j-W-n Bc-Xn--Wn- F B _w-Kmfn kv{Xo Xs Am-hs `mc-ym-sW Adnhv
Abm-fn A-c
- p-m-p-p. Xtm-Sp-hp klmbw tXSn-bXv Am-bn-bm-sW-Xv Abmv
{]bm-k-I-c-am-bn-tXm-p-p. Ah-cpsS hon \npw Xncn-s-n-bnpw Abmv Ak-zX
Xon-. Dd-m InS--tm sse-Wp Fnepw AXn -ò-I-c-amb Ccpv Abmsf IqSp-X
Ak-z--\m-n. DS Fgp-tv Xs Abvv Abm Hcp Fgpv Xm-dmn Ab-p.
Fm {]Xo-n--Xnepw thK-n Abmv adp-]Sn e`n-p-Ib
- p-m-bn. Abvp ]pdta
ap ]ecpw adp-]Sn Ab-n-p-v. ]t Fm- Inepw Htc kzcw am{Xw. _wKm-fn \n\cpw \ncm-ew-_-cp-ambn Ign-bp Am-bnpw aIpw Fs-nepw sImSp-W
- s
- a tXmep-s-n kzw km-Zy-n \npw FSpp-sIm-Spm. Inse Ah-km-\s hcnbm-bn-cpp AXv. B Znh-k-a-{Xbpw Abm B hcn-I-fn am{Xw k-cnp HSp-hn Ccn-sm-dpXn Cm-Xm-b-tm Abm Fgp-tp \S-p. IY-bn hm hgnn-cn-hp-m-p
k`-amWv Hmô-k B _wKmfn kv{Xosb hontmbn ImWp-Xpw Ah-sc-n IqSn-X
a\-n-em-p-X
- pw.
44. "" kvt\l-ap-f-f-h-cpsS D]-tZiw Fpw do B-W-dn-bm-bn-cn-pw. AsXmcp {]]--c-lk-y-amWv....... '' Zb-a-b-nv thWp \Inb D]-tZiw Fm-bn-cp-p. ?
D. Za-b-n-bpsS A Bc-Xn-W
- n- Bbq-jvImew apgp-h Zp:Jn am{Xw Pohn-h
- c
- m-Wv.
Ahv {]mb-ambn hcp-p. s]j-\p-ff tPmen-bp-an-. AXn-\m Za-bn Fs-nepw
tPmen-sN-m {ian--Ww. CXm-bn-cpp thWp-hns D]-tZ-iw.
45. "" Cu Xosmcn s]Ipn C{X skn-atem Cu Xop-Sp-v Bh-c-Ww....-Xp-jmc _nptfm.....? - thWp Cs\ Btem-Nn-m ImcWw Fv ?
30
D. kn.-hn. {iocmas "hmkvXp-lm-c' bn A]-l-cn--s Pohn-X--fpsS ]nm-p-d-m-gvNI A\p-`-h-s-Sp-n-c

- p-p. sd^-yqPn Hmô-k Bbn X-fpsS \mn-se-nb Bsf Xs
Am-h BWp A ]cn-Nb
- s
- -Sp-n-sm-Sp-t- m Za-bn ktmjw sImp hnIm-c`-cn-X-bm-bn-o-cp-p. Ah-fpsS sNdnb apJw Nph-p. Ftm ]d-bp-X
- n\v Npp-I hnd-p.
icocw Hn-fI
- n. ]ns thKw thKw aptm-p-hp thWp-hns Imen sXmv {]Wmaw sNm
inc-p-Ip-\n-p. Abm Imep-]nh-en-p. Ah-fpsS apJw ]nSnv Dbm {ian-p. Fm
]nh-en Imens jqhn ta Hcnv Iocv Dcpp IqSn. AXv Xmgvt-sm-gp-In. Ah
Abmsf "" ZmZm....'' Fp hnfn-p. AXp-hsc Im ISnp Iodm hn-cp--h-fm-bn-cpp Zab-n. Fn\pw Xw D-bn-p-, ka-ca
- -t\m-`m-ha
- p-ff Xosm-cn..... Ah C{X a\-e
- nhv Dff-h-fm-sW Imcyw thWp-hns\ Ap-Xs
- -Sp-p-p.
46. ""ti--tfmSv anp anp Fs Poh-Xn-X-ns kmbm--n s`mhm\n \on--cp
`n....'' BcpsS hmp-I.. k`w Fv ?
D. klm-b-n-\mbn Xs kao-]n _wKm-fnkv{Xo Xs Ippn Am-hs `mc-y-bmsW Adnhv thWp-hns\ Ak-z--\m-p-p. Bc-Xn--Wn- F Ambnbpw Ah-cpsS
afpw IjvS
- mSp \n-d Pohn-Xa
- mWv \bn-p-s
- X-d
- n thWp \mn Xncn-sn Amhs kzv A-bm-bnv e`-ya
- m-m-\p-ff {iaw \S-p-p. Fm Fm-hc
- p-sSbpw Inepw
tami-m-cnb `hm\n Ambn HgnsI ap-f-fh
- -cmcpw CXp-ambn kl-I-cn-p-n-. BcXn Ambnsb Cm-cyw Adn--tm Ah-cpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-amWv CXv.
47. "Kucn' F IY-bn _m-Xn-p-gsb IYm-Im-c Ah-X-cn-n--Xns HuNn-X-y-sav ?
D. Sn. ]-\m-`s "Kucn' F IY kvt\l-ns a[pc taml-\-amb AS-bm-f-s-Sp--em-Wv.
Im-WvUp-hnse ]ip-]-Xn-\m-Yt- {X kn-[n-bn _mXn \Zn-c
- n-bn KucnbpwImap-I\pw
hj-p tijw kwK-an-p-p. t{ns ]nd-Inse henb Is-n Ncnp ]WnX
]S-hp-If
- n-eqsS Ah _m-Xn-eqsS Icn-bn-tev Cdn sNp-p. Ic-bnse NnX-I-fn ih-f-cn-bppm-bn-cp-p. BImiw Ccpp InS-p-I-I-bm-bn-cp-p. hfsc t\cnb Hcp Nm agbp-m-bn-cp-p-. ]t Ah AsXmpw Adn-bmsX _mK-a-Xn-bpsS Ic-bnse NnX-I-fn-tev
t\mn aqI-cm-bn-cp-p.... ]pg Ime-{]-hm-l-am-bmWv ChnsS Bhn-jvI-cn--s-n-cn-p-X
- v. BZna-[-ym-
- f
- n-m Ime-ns Hgp-m-bmWv ]pg-sb IYm-Im-c Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-p-X
- v. NnX ùXnI-ic
- o-c
- ns \i-zc
- X AS-bm-fs
- -Sp-p-p. NnX-sb-cnb {]W-b
- ns A\n-hm-cy- -amb \iz-c-X-sbbpw [z-\n-n-p-p.
III aqp ]qd-n Ihn-bmsX D]-\-y-kn-p-I.
1. tZi-N-cn-{X-tmSpw \mp-h-g---tfm-Sp-ap-ff Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb-cpsS {]Xn-]-nv
DZm-l-c-W-amWv " inem-en-Jn-X-' ]cn-tim-[n-p-I.
2. " inem-en-Jn-X-' F IYbn {]Xn-^-en-p ho--co Nn{X-W--fnse Krlm-Xp-cX
hnh-cn-p-I.
3. Fw.-Sn. IY-I-fnse ]pcpj IYm-]m{X-fn h A]-hmZ kao-]-\-n\v DZm-l-c-W-amWv
s{]m^-k tKm]m-eIp-n- \ncq-]n-p-I.
4.
asf Hmp ]nS-bp a\pambn Ign-bp amXm-]n-Xm- Sn. ]-\m-às
IYm--co--n Gsd-bp-v.- hni-Z-am-p-I.
5.
"aI' F IYbvv Hcp Bkzm-Z\w Xm-dm-pI
6.
Sn. ]-\m-`s IY ]d-bp-Ib
- -, IY A\p-`h
- s-Sp-p-Im-bm-Wv. "aI' F IYsb ap
\nn Btem-Nn-p-I.
7.
kzw A-sb-tmepw ad-p aIs\ Hmv hnXp-p As ly-Z-bm-hn-jvIm-camWv Sn. ]-\m-`s 'aI' eqsS \n-ln-p--Xv. hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I.
31
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15
16.
Sn. ]-\m-`s IYm-J-ym-\-ns khn-ti-j-X-I Fsmw ? "aI' F IYsb

ap\nn N-sN-p-I.
B-dnbmw' F IY aptm-p-h-bvp Zmi-\nI N-I Fsmw ?
kwL-SnX aX cmjv{Sob t_m[- \ne-bp-d-n-n-cn-p- hni-zm-k-{]-am-W-sf
kw_-n Btem-N-\-I-bmWv k-dn-b-bpsS "B-dnbmw' F IY..-N-sN-p-I.
khn-ti-j-amb cN-\m-knn ssIap-X-em-bp-ff k-dn-b-bpsS IY-I B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS
F t]mse B[p-\n-tIm--c-X-bp-sSbpw kz-`mhw {]I-S-am-p-p. hne-bn-cp-p-I.
"hmkvXp-lmc' F sNdp-I-Y-bn AS-nb ktiw Fsv CXn-hrw hni-Zo-Icnp N sNp-I.
"hmkvXp-lmc' bnse tZh-In-b-bpw `hm-\n-b--mbnbpw kaq-l-nse hy-X-ykvX NnmK-Xn-Isf {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNp-p. IYm-k-`- FSp-p-Im-Wnv kz-`n-{]mbw Ah-Xcn-n-p-I.
"hmkvXp-lmc' bnse thWp F IYm-]m-{Xs \ncq-]Ww sNp-I.
""kaq- l - t m- S p- f f Xs D- c - h m- Z nw Hcn- epw hnkv a - c n- m a\p- j - y
cpsS [- k - - S - fpw B thZ- \ - I fpw BWv kn. hn. {iocmasIY- I ''
hmkvXp-lmc' sb ap\nn Btem-Nn-p-I.
a\p-j-y-cp-sSbpw Ah-cpsS kmaq-l-ym-h--I-fp-sSbpw Bg--fn-tev A\p-hm-NI
- s\
sImp t]mIm-\p-ff {ia-amWv kn.-hn. {iocmas IY-I "hmkvXp-lm-csb ASn-m-\amn hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I.
32
samU-yq III
I.
H-hm-n D-c-sa-gp-Xp-I.
1. ..........-F X-z-Nn--Is Zmi-\nI Nn-bmWv AkvXn-X-z-hm-Z-n\v Ah-k-c-sam-cpn-b-Xv.
D. Io-KmUv (Um-\n-jv)
2. AkvXn-X-z-hm-Zs ]qW-amb Hcp X-z-Nn--bmbn cq]-s-Sp-n-bXv Bcv ?
D. gmMv t]m km{Xv . ({^mkv)
3. AkvXn-Xz Nn-I-cpsS ss__n ' F-dn-b-s-Sp {Kw ?
D. _obnwKv B v \nwKvkv
4. _obnwKv B v \nwKvkv ' F {Kw cNn-Xv ?
D. gmMv s]m km{X.
5. D-cm-[p-\n-IX F kw BZyw D]-tbm-Kn-Xv Bcv ?
D. tSmb_n, Nmkv Hmk Fn-h.
6. Fw. apIp- P\n-Xv FhnsS ? Fv ?
D. 1942 sk]vXw-_ 10\v, amln-bn
7. "ly-Z-b-h-Xn-bmb Hcp s]Ipn' F IYm-k-am-lmcw Bcp-tS-Xm-Wv. ?
D. Fw. apIp-.
8. 1985 se tIc-f-km-ln-Xy Am-Zan AhmUp s\mSnb IYm-k-am-lm-c-am-Wv--
D. ly-Z-b-h-Xn-bmb Hcp s]Ip-n.
9. "Ac hb-p-ff Ipn ' F IY cNn-Xv Bcv ?
D. Fw. apIp-.
10. "FmWv B[p-\n-IX' F kmln-Xy hna-i\-]p-kvXIw cNn-Xv Bcv ?
D. Fw. apIp-.
11. kmln-XcwKs kw`m-h-\-I ap\nn Fw. apIp-\v {^v Khsa v 1998
\Inb AhmUv GXv ?
D. jh-en-b AhmUv.
12. Fw. apIp- cNn \mS-I-am-Wv........
D. Ccpv
13. ae-bm-f-nse BZy ssk_ t\mh-embn ]cn-K-Wn--s-Sp "\rw'
cNn-Xv ?
D. Fw. apIp-.
14. "Uln 1981 ' F IY Fgp-Xn-bXv ?
D. Fw. apIp-.
15. "B \nanjw I_-dns Ccp-fn \nv Hcp sIm-cn-{]mhv ]d-p-hv Xs Cfw
sImp-sImv \m\Iv Nns aqm-hn Hp sImp-p....'' Fv apIp- FgpXn
Ah-km-\n-n-p {]i-kvX-amb IY GXv ?
D. Uln. 1981
16. eIva-W em ]ym-cn-em ]WvUnvPn F IYm-]m{Xw GXp IY-bn-emWv Df-fXv ?
D. apWvU\w sN-s PohnXw (Fw. apIp-)
17. ]WvUnvPn Hmô-ksd Xe-ap-WvU\w sNbvXv Igp-X-p-dv Ducp-Np-n-m-\p-ff
ImcWw Fm-bn-cp-p. ?
D. Hm-ô-k Xs hon h h-y-\p IpSn-m shffw \In-b-Xn-\m.
33
18. ae-bmf IYm-N-cn-{n cmjv{So-b-amb B[p-\-Xbvv XpSw Ipdn IYm-Im-c ?

D. Fw. apIp-.
19. A]-I-z-amb kml-N-c-y--fnse hn-h-{]-h-\-X-Xns ]mfn--I hnai\ hnt[-b-amIp IY-bm-Wv........
D. \memw bmaw.
20. "Xqp-a-c- Rv' F IY cNn--Xv. ?
D. Fw. apIp-.
21. "\memw bmaw' nse IYm-]m-{X- Bscmw ?
D. XS-hp-]p-f-fn-bmb Hcp hn-h-Im-cnbpw Abmsf bmZr-n-I-ambn klm-bn Hc-\-y-hKm-c-\pw.
22. "Akp-c-k-o\w' F IYm-k-am-lmcw cNn-Xv ?
D. Fw. kpIp-am-c.
23. "acnn-n-m--h-cpsS kvamc-I-f- ' F IYm kam-lmcw Bcp-tSXv ?
D. Fw. kpIp-am-c.
24. 1976 se tIcf kmln-Xy AIm-Zan AhmUv t\Snb IYm-k-am-lm-cw. ?
D. acn-n-m--h-cpsS kvamc-I- (Fw. kpIp-am-c)
25. Fw. kpIp-am-cs P-tZiw ?
D. ]me-mSv (1943)
26. "" B[p-\nIXsb hn-hm-I kmaq-lnI Zi-\hpw ss\XnI {]Xn-_
- X
- bpw sImv cmjv{Sob-h-XvI-cn-p-Ibpw cmjv{So-bs B[p-\nI a\p-j-ym-hsbp-dn-p-ff t_m[hpw \ho-\-`mhp-I-Xzw sImv B[p-\n-I-h-XvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv ae-bmf sNdp-I-Y-bn cmjv{So-bamb B[p-\n-I-X-bvv ASn]mIn-b-XmWv kpIp-am-cs kmaq-lnI ku-c-ym-I {]kn ''
..... Cu \nco-Ww \S-n-bXv Bcv ?
D. kn-Zm-\-
27. "\memw bmaw' F IY GXp kam-lm-c-n-emWv Df-fXv ?
D. acn-n-n-m--h-cpsS kvamc-I-.
28. "\oXn-bpsS Xpemkv IrX-y-ambn cp t]pw in Hw Afp Xp.''
Bsms ?
D. Iem-]-Im-cnpw Abmv A`bw \Inb hnap-J-\mb kl-Im-cn-pw.
29. ""\\-bm-sX Cud Npa-p--h, Dp-Xn-msX shffw IpSp--h Fo DZm-l-c-W-
]dv kzbw Bi-zmkw Is-p Indp- '' Bsc Ipdn-p-ff ]cm-ai-am-WnXv ?
D. Iem-]-Im-cnv A`bw \In-b-hs\pdn-v.
30. F. {]`m-I-c P\n--sX-hnsS ?
D. 1952 Unkw-_ 30\v ]d-n-\n--S-hn (I-q Pn)
31. "ambm-a-b' F IYm-k-am-lmcw Bcp-tSXv ?
D. F. {]`m-I-c.
32. 1996 se tIcf kmln-Xy AIm-Zan AhmUv t\Snb "cm{Xn-samgn' F IrXn-bpsS
Imhv ?
D. F. {]`m-I-c.
33. "H-bms ]mm' F IYm-km-am-lmcw ? Bcp-tSXv ?
D. F. {]`m-I-c.
34. "Hpw Rm Bh-iy-s]-n-tm ' F IY GXp kam-lm-c-n-emWv Df-fXv
D. adp-]n-d-hn.
34
35. ""C\nbpw Rm \n-sfm-sSm-cp-c-l-kyw ]dbmw'' cl-kyw Fm-bn-cp-p.?

D. Xs ico-c-n\npw ]pd-s-Sp NXn-bp-sSbpw hnbnsbpw \mw `m-hn
\npw Hfn-n-m `mcy ]mSp-s]-Sp-Xv (Hpw Rm Bh-i-y-s-n-n-t)
36. "F\nv kpJw Xs' F IY cNn--Xmcv ?
D.
F. {]`m-I-c.
37. Sn. hn. sImp-_mh P\n-Xv Fv ? FhnsS ?
D.
1955 Xrq Pn-bnse Imq F e-v.
38.
Sn. hn. sImp-_mh A-cn hjw ?
D.
1999
39. "Ftm-sg-ptam Ftm ? '' F IYm-k-am-lmcw Bcp-tSXv ?
D. Sn. hn. sImp-_m-h-bpsS
40. Cd-nbpw Ipn-cn-hpw F IYm-k-am-lmcw Xm-dmnbXv ?
D. Sn. hn. sImp-_mh
41. Sn. hn. sImp-_m-h-bpsS "Ncn{X-]p-cp-j ' F IY-bnse \mb-Is t]cv ?
D. ]pjvIc
- .
42. "Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j F IY GXp kam-lm-c-n \np-sa-Sp--XmWv ?
D. hoSn-tm \n-_vZ-am-Wv.
43. "" k-Xn-p-p. Rms\mcp Xncp-a- Xs-bmWv Xe-aq--h-cpsS sNmp-tImsX
]Sp-Ip-gn-bn hoWp-In-S-p Xe-sX-dn--h ......'' Fv Bcw-`n-p- IY GXv ?
D. Ncn-{X-]p-cj
- .
44. ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-X-y-N-cn-{nse B[p-\nI {]m-\-ns cv ssIh-gn-I
Fv ]WvUn-X kqNn-n-pXv Fns\ ?
D.
AkvXn-Xz Zi-\hpw A\-y-h-XvI-c-W-hpw
45. "" Fs Dffnte Bg-ta-dnb apdn-hp-I Cu kXyw Fs hopw hopw Hms-Spn-sm-n-cn-pp '' FmWv B kXyw ?
D. Xe-ap-XnhcpsS hmp tImsX ]Sp-Ip-gn-bn hoW Xe-sX-dn--h-\mWv Xm F
kXyw (N-cn{X ]pcp-j)
46. kvt\ln-XmtcmSv BmX ImWn--cp-sXv ]pjvI-cs\ D]-tZ-in-Xv Bcv ?
D. ap-
47. ]pjvI-c\p ac-W-t-m Zp-l-amb Imcyw Fm-bn-cp-p. ?
D.
kvt\ln-X-m-tcm-Sp-ff Xs kX-y-k--Xsb sXn--cn-p--Xv.
48. ktmjv Gn-m\w P\n-Xv Fv ? FhnsS ?
D. 1971 Imk-d-tKmUv Pn-bnse t_UpU-bn
49. sImae' F IrXn Bcp-tSXv ?
D. ktmjv Gn-m-\-ntXv
50. "IYm-]m-{X-fpw ]s-Sp--hcpw' F IYm-k-am-lmcw Fgp-Xn-bXv Bcv ?
D.
ktmjv Gn-m\w
51. HXp Nn{X-I-Y-bnse \mbm-p-Im F ]pkvXIw Bcp-tSXv ?
D. ktmjv Gn-m-\
- ns
52. "]n-t`m-P\w' F IY GXp kam-lm-c-n-em-Wp-f-fXv ?
D. sImame
53. kqk Cm-\p-th-ens\ Iqp-Im-cn-I F-s\-bmWv hnti-jn-n-n-cp-Xv ?
D. k-cn-p sdtm-d v
35
54. hmZn-bmb Imm-p-n-bpsS ho Bcv ?

D. cpIvanWn
55. kwKoXm-\qXncn BcpsS tIkmWv hmZn-p-Xv
D. tNmcn-v ]memvhon tKm]m-e-ta-t\ms.
II 25 hmn Ihn-bmsX D-c-sa-gp-Xp-I.
1. B[p-\n-IX (Modernism) bpsS {][m\ khn-ti-j-X-I Fs-mw.?
D. temI-al
- m-bp-
- p tijw kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ih
- p-amb aqe-y
- I
- bpw cmjv{Sob-amb Ac-n-Xm-h-bpw km-n-I-amb An-c-Xbpw D-\o-N-X-zhpw Afp-In-S-bn
Hcp Xcw hyXm-t_m[w krjvSn--p-I-bp-m-bn. B[p-\n-I-a-\p-j-y H-s--h\pw A]-cnN-nX\p-am-sW [mcW kPo-h-am-bn. Xtm-Sp-XsbmsX amscmSpw IS-m-Sn-sv {]J-ym-]n-sp. aqe-y-Ny- pXn kw`-hn kaq-l
- n B[p-\n-I hni-z-kn-n-sv hp. aqe-yt- _m[w
Dbn-n-Sn-p Fgp-p-Im H-s-Sp-I-bp-m-bn. am\-hn-I-Xsb AwKo-I-cn-p--h-cmWv
B[p-\n-I. Fm ]mc--c-ys Ch i-ambn \ntj-[n-p-p.
2. AkvXn-X-z-hmZw Fm Fv ?
D. Xm FmtWm AXmWv Hcm-fpsS AkvXn-X-zw. a\p-jy kz-X-{-cmbn P\n-p-p. kz-X-{cm-bn-s Pohn-p-p. asm-cm Xocp-am-\n-p--Xn-\-\p-kc
- n- Hcp a\p-j-y\pw Pohn-p-Xv. kzbw Is-nbpw \nh-Nnpw {]hr-n-I-fn-eqsS kzbw AS-bm-f-s-Sp-nbpw Ah
Pohn-p-p. Um\njv Nn-I-\mb IoIvKmUv (Soran Keirkegard 1813-1855) BWv AkvXnX-zh
- mZ Nnv XpSw Ipdn--Xv. slbvZK (P), gmMvt]m km{Xv ({^-Rv) Fn-h Cu
Nnv Zmi-\n-I-amb ASn-d \In. Iov KmUns AkvXn-X-z-hmZw AkvXnIw (a-Xm-Iw) Bbn-cp-p. km{XntXm-Is, \mkvXn-Ihpw "" k AkvXn-Xz- -n\p tijw ' F-XmWv
AkvXn-X-z-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Bi-b-]-c-amb ap{Zm-hm-I-yw.
3. AkvXn-X-z-hm-Z-n A[n-jvTn-X-amb cN-\-I-fpsS s]mXp-k-hn-ti-j-X-I Fsw ?
D. B-kw-Xr]vXn e-y-an-mWv AkvXn-X-z-hm-Zn-bmb B[p-InI kmln-X-y- Fgp-Xp--Xv.
]cn-]q-amb \nwKX ]pep Ccw Fgp-p-Im Pohn-X-km-l-N-c-y-v hnt[-bamb kz-X-{m-hn-jvIm-c-amWv Chv kmln-X-yhpw CX-c-I-e-Ifpw. A\-y-Xm-t_m[w hy-n-\njvTX
- , \ncm-i-Xm-t_m-[w, hy-Xm-t_m[w, iq\-y-Xm-hmZw, ac-Wm-`n-ap-Jyw,ssew-Kn-Im-cm-P-I-X-zw,
taml-`wKw Fnh IqSn--e Pohn-X-ho--W-amWv AkvXn-X-z-hm-Zn-I-fmb Fgp-p-Im-cpsS
IrXn-If
- n ImWm-\mhp-I.
4. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS cN-\-mk-{Zmbw kzo-I-cn {][m\ Fgp-p-Im- Bscms ?
D. B\v , H.-hn. hnP-b, Fw. apIp-, Im-\m-S, A---Wn-, sI.-]n. A.
5. AkvXn-X-z-hm-Zn-I-fmb GXm\pw ]mm-Xy Fgp-p-Im-cpsS t]sc-gp-Xp-I.
D. gmMvt]m km{Xv ({^mkv) slbZ-K (P-\n) A_Iap ({^mkv) {^mknk
Im^vI (P)
6. D-cm-[p-\n-IX (Post Modernism)bpsS hm--fmb temI-km-ln-X-y-Im-c-m-cpsS t]sc-gpXp-I.
D. \osj, slbvZ-K, ChnwKv tlmhv, eo\ {^mtmbvkv , ey-tbm-mUv, s{Û-dnIv Pbnwk, tUhnUv Kmthm, hm {Sqsbv BtU-gvk, Dw_tm Ftm.
7. D-cm-[p-\n-IX
- p-bp-sS-IS-
- p-hc
- -hn\pw hfbvpw klm-bI
- c
- a
- mb LS-I
- GsXms ?
D. kv{Xohm-Zw, ZenXvhmZw, \h-amIv-kn-kw, ]cnnXn hmZw Fn-hbvp ]pdta ]{XZ-y-i-yam-[y- a
-
- f
- n-eqsS Iem-k
- mw-kI
v m-cnI cwK-f
- n bmYm-ya
- m-bn-o BtKm-fo-Ic
- W
- w, IpI-ap-X-em-fn cmjv{S- hnI-k-z-c-A-hn-I-knX cmjv{S--fn ASn-tn-p km-nI
36
tatm-bva, cmjv{Sob cwK-p-mb {]mtZ-inIhn-L-SnX {]h-W -X-I , hKo-b-X,

hwio-b-X, aXm--IX Fn-h-bpsS Ah krjvSn-p kmaqlnI kmwkvIm-cnI {]Xn-k-nI, ]p I-h-S-X-{- Fn-h-bpw D-cm-[p-\n-I-Xsb kPo-h-am-nb LS-I-.
8. Fw. apIp-s {][m\ IYm-k-am-lm-c- GsXmw ?
D. tXhn-Sn-n-n-fn, Xm-n-s-ns I-ym-Ww, Im-Sn-bpsS ImgvN, ssIp-n-fnse shf-fw,
iq\-y-Xm-ImWvUw, ]mhm-Sbpw _nn-\n-bpw, If-f\pw t]meo-kpw, Znt\m-k-dp-I-fpsS Imew, apIps IY-I, Fs {]nb-s IY-I, apIp-s IY-I(-k-qw) Ggm-as ]qhv,
A-c-h-b-p-ff Ipn, hoSv, \Znbpw tXmWn-bpw, thi-y-I-tf; \nsIm-c--ew.
9. "" F\nv Rm \jvS-s-Sp-Ibpw Rm Fn \np shfn-bn-tev IS-p-Ibpw sNbvXp''
BmWv Cs\ A\p-`-h-s-Xv ? Ftm ?
D. Fw. apIp-s "apWvU\w sN-s PohnXw ' F IY, kzw hni-zmk {]amWw A\p-kcnv Pohnp t]m Hcp hy-nsb AIm-c-W-ambn inn-m Icp-p-t\-Snb sXm-Sn kwLs-p-dnv i-amb Ah-t_m[w \Ip--Xm-Wv. Hmô-kn Fn Xs tPmen-bn hym]r-X-\mb IYm-\m-b-Is\ eaem ]ym-cn-em ]WvUnv Pn Fsm-cm \n_--]qw
AhnsS \nv Cdn sImp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw tdmU-cn-In-en-cpn Xe apWvU\w sNn-n-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. Atm IYm-\m-b-I\p Xm kzbw \jvS-s-Sp--Xmbn tXmp-p.
]WvUn-vPn-bpsS hmp-Iv apn {] -\-in-h\mbn Abm Ccp-p. ]WvUn-vPnsb
tNmZyw sNm-\m-hmsX Abm-fpsS Fm B-Ifpw A\p-k-cn-m hn[n--s coXn-bn
IYm-\m-b-I amdp-p.
10. "Abm Npc-n-sb-Sp-Xv Fs Xe-apSn Am-bn-cp-p. Fs Bm-hm-bn-cpp ''
k`w hnh-cn-p-I.
D. Fw. apIp-s "apWvU\w sN-s PohnXw' F IY-bn Xs m]-\-n-tev Ibdn-h e-aem ]ym-cn-em ]WvUnvPn F-bm-fpsS B-{]-Imcw IYm-\m-b-I
Hmôkn\p ]pd-s-p-p. Xs Imn-cn-p pc-Is ASp-tv IYm-\m-b-I B\bn--s-Sp-p. A{Xbpw Imew Abm Hma-\np hfnb apSn-bmWv pc-I hSn-s-Sp-p-Xv. Hncn A\p-`
- -fn-eqsS IS-p-h Xs {]nb-s Xe-bmWv apWvU\
- X
- X
- n\p hnt[-ba
- mIp--sX Adnhv Abmsf Xfp-p. pc-Is In Xs Xe-tbm-neb lrZ-bn-eqsS-bmWv \op--sXpw pc-I Npc-n-sb-Sp-p-Xv Xs Xe-ap-Sn-b-, Bm-h-X-s-bmsWpw Abm thZ-\-tbmsS, \n-l-mbX-tbmsS Adn-bp-p.
11. "" C\n-sbtXp ucw sN-s Poh-Xn-amWv '' Bibw hy--am-p-I.
D. "apWvU\w sN-s PohnXw ' F IY-bn AXn-ib
- I
- c
- a
- mb coXn-bn s]Sp-s\ AkvXnXzw {Zwiw kw`-hn-p Hcp PohnXw apIp- Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. hy-nv kzw CjvSm-\njvS
- tfm {]Xn-Ic
- W
-
- tfm Ah-Xc
- n-nm-\m-ImsX iq\-y\
- mbn t]mtI-n-hc
- p-X
- ns òI-cX
- bpw
thZ-\bpw Cu IY-bn N-sN--s-Sp-p. pc-I-\m Xs {]nb-s Xe apWvU\w sNs--tm IYm-\m-b-I-\p-tXm-p-Xv Xm\n\n ucw sN-s Pohn-X-n\p DS-a-bmWv Fv.
12. ]WvUnvPn IYm-\m-b-Is\ {Iqc-amb in-Iv hnt[-b-\m-m ImcWw
Fm-bn-cp-p. ?
D. ""Zmln-pp, shffw thWw '' Fp At]-nv hon Ibdn h Hcp hy-\p IqSn-m
XWp---sh-ffw \In-b-Xn\v BWv ]WvUnvPn IYm-\m-b-Is\ Xe-ap-WvU\w sNbvXp-sX-cphn-eqsS Igp-X
- p-dv \S-n--Xv.
13."" Abm-fpsS ssII-fn A\-h[n {K--fp-m-bn-cpp '' Cu hmI-y-n AS-n-bn-cnp kqN\ Fv ?
D. Fw apIp-s "apWvU\w sN-s PohnXw' hy-n-Po-hn-X-sbpw kzmX{-y-sbpw
37
Xv tXmn-b-hn[w `cn-m\pw \nb-{n-m\pw Ah-Im-i-ap-sp Icp-Xp ZpjvS-P-sf ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p IY-bm-Wv. Xs tPmenbntev {]th-in-m-\n-cp Hcp Hmô-ksd
hnfn-n-d-n-sIm-p-t]mbn Xe apWvU\w sNbvXv IpXn-c-p-dv Ducp-Np-nv inn-p-I-bmWv
e-a-W em]-ym-cn-em ]WvUnvPn. Hmô-kn IYm-\m-b-Is hchv Imv Ccp
]WvUnvPn hmbn-n-cp-Xv `K-h-ZvKoX Bbn-cp-p. DucpNpn Xftm Nmb IpSn-m
Ccp--tm Abm hmbn-n-cp-Xv ss__n-fm-bn-cp-p. asm-c-h-k-c-n Jp B\pw. Ch
IqSmsX ap aX-{K--, X-z-Zi-\-, \nb-a-{K-- XpSn H-\-h[n {K-
Abm-fpsS ssIn Dm-bn-cp-p. aX-Z- mi-\nI Nn-Ifpw \nb-a-t_m-[hpw Dff ]WvUn-p-IfmWv a\p-jys kz-X-{hpw kz-Im-c-y-hp-amb Pohn-Xs \nmc Imc-W- Nqn-m-Wnv
l\n-p-Xv F kqN-\-bmWv CXn-eqsS IYm-Im-c \Ip--Xv.
14. Fw. kpIp-am-cs {][m\ IYm-k-am-lm-c- GsXmw ?
D. acn-n-n-m--h-cpsS kvamc-I-, Akp-c-k-o-\w, Xqp-a-c- Rv, Ncn-{XKm-Y-, hrY, hn-p ]Xn.
15. Fw. kpIp-am-cs IY-I-fpsS {][m\ khn-ti-j-X-I Fsmw ?
D. ae-bmf kmln-X-yN
- c
- n-{Xn cmjv{So-ba
- mb B[p-\n-IX
- bvv XpSw Ipdn IYm-Ir-mWv
Fw.-kp-Ip-am-c. anp-Ifpw sFXn-l-y-fpw BZn-cq-]--fp-samw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn khn-tij-amb IYm-L-S-\bvp cq]w \Im Ign Fgp-p-Im-c-\mWv At-lw. anp-I-fpsS
cmjv{So-b-hm-b\ km[-y-am-m At-l-n\p Ign-n-p-v. hK-t_m-[s tIhew knm-f
- psS N-q-n-sem-Xp-msX {]tbm-K-Xe
-
- n-tev sImp-hc
- m Fw. kpIp-am-c Xm-dmbn. PohnX bmYm-y
- sf hmb-\m-a
- a
- mb Xc-n Nn-s-Spn Ah-Xc
- n-n-m Atlw
{ian-pp Fp ImWmw.
16. B \ \m Ahs apn C{X-s]-sv Fn-t-cp-sav Rm Icp-Xn-bn-cp-n-.'' Fmbn-cpp B Znh-ks khn-ti-j-X. ?
D. Fw. kpIp-am-cs "\memwbmaw' XS-hd
- -bn Ign-bp cp ]pf-fn-I-fpsS kw`m-jW
- t- m-sSbmWv Bcw-`n-p-X
- v. Ccp-p-]n-m-W
- ns hn-ep-ff Dcp-f Ccp-p-In s]mn-s-Spp
Hcm kqn-p-h
- n-p-v. ASp-p-hc
- p Aam-hm-kn-\m XS-hd- N
- mSn c-s-Sm Ah ]Xn
Xm-dm-n-bn-cn-p-p. Imn-cp t]mse {]kvXpX \m C{X thKw hs-ntbm Fv IqpIm-c B-cy- s
- -Sp-p.
17. "" Cu Ccp-gn-p-ff
- nse XS-hn\p ]pdta \n-fpsS \n-_Zv X
- b
- psS XS-hp-Im-c\
- m-hm F\np
h '' Bi-b-sav ?
As-n
18."" au\-a-h-ew-_n-p Fs inc-n Hcp henb Is-Sp-n--Sn-m Ah\p tXmp-p.
inc-p-s]m-n-bm tNmc-sbm-gp-In-. {]X-y-b-im-kv{X-ns emh-bmhpw ]pd-p-Nm-Sp-Xv ''
k`w hni-Z-am-p-I.
As-n
19. "" C\nbpw Ccp-n\p In IqS-s, shfn--ns Ah-km\s Zzm-chpw AS-b-s. \ns
Rm cnpw Hcp {]mhns\tmse hnim-e-amb Cu `qan-bn-tev ]d-n-pw.'' Cu {]kvXmh-\bvp Imc-W-sav ?
D. ""\memw bma' neqsS cv XS-hp-]p-f-fn-I-fpsS IY-bmWv Fw.-kp-Ip-am-c ]d-bp-X
- v. IqsS
\np-h
- s\ hcp Aam-hm-kn-\m-fn c-s-Sp-m-sav Hcm {]Xo \Ip-p. Fm
Aam-hmkn \m hs-n-bnpw c-s-Sm-\p-ff Hcp {iahpw ImWm-Xn-cp--tm Iqp-Im-c
Xs C\nbpw I_-fn-n--cp-sXpw c-s-Sp--W-sapw A`-yn-p-p. ]t AXn\p
Abm adp-]Sn ]d-bp-n-sp h-tm Iqp-Im-c ]d-bp--XmWv "" \n-fpsS \n-`vZ-Xae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
38
bpsS XS-hp-Im-c-\m-Im F\nv h '' Fv. kln- h-msX Bb-tm Iqp-Im-c AbmfpsS inc-n henb Is-Sp-nmtem Fp Btem-Nn-p. inc-p-s]m-n-bm tNmc-b {]Xy-b-im-kv{ns emh-bmhpw ]pd-p-Nm-SpI Fp Ah Nnn-p-p. {]kvXpX ka-bv
Abm-tfm-Smbn Iq-p-Im-c \S-p kw`m-j-W-amWv CXv. Ccp-n-\p In Iqn-bm , shfn-ns Ah-km\ Zzm-chpw AS-m Abm Iqp-Im-cs\ c-s-Sp-m-\p-ff amK-amWv
Ctm Abm Btem-Nn-p--Xv. Aam-hmkn \m Xs XS-h-d-bn \npw c-s-Sm
Ahp Ign-bp-p.
20. ""a\p-jy- X
- z-
- ns DW-nb hnv kq{X-im-en-bmb \ns hmp-II
- f
- psS \\-hn IpXnp.
C\n-bn-Xm-hn-n '' k`w GXv ?
D. Fw. kpIp-am-cs " \memw bmaw ' Hcp Iem-]-Im-cn-bp-sSbpw Abmv A`bw \Inb Hcmfp-sSbpw XS-h-d-Po-hn-Xhpw AhnsS \np c-s-Sm {ian-p-Xpw N sNp-p. Hcmsf
sIm-h\
- mWv Iem-]I
- m-cn-. Abmv Hfn-m Xmhfw \Inb kplr-n-t\m-sSmw Iem-]Imcn Pbn-en-em-Ip-p. Fm Ap-ap-X kl-Imcn p`n-X\
- mbn Iem-]Im-cnsb {]bmksSpp-p. Iem-]-Imcn Imc-W-amWv Xm Pbn-en-embsXpw AXp-sImv Xs c-s-Sp-tXv Iem-]-Im-cn-bpsS D-c-hm-Zn-X-z-am-sWpw Abm Ah-Im-i-s-Sp-p. hoc-iqc ]cm-{I-anbmb Iem-]-Imcn Fp-sImv Xs klm-bn-p-n-. Xs c-s-Sp-n-bm Fhn-sS-sbnepw sNv Xm Pohn-tmfmw FmWv Abm ]d-bp--Xv.
21. ""Fs cp hnipw amdn '' Fs\ ?
D. Pbn NmSn-b Iem-]-Im-cnbpw kl-Im-cnbpw HmSn c-s-Sp--Xn-\nsS X\nv hni-pp
Fp kl-Imcn ]d-bpp. DS Abmsf Hcp IpSn-en\p apn sImp-t]mbn. AhnsS hr
Xs aI-\p-thn IcpXn Imn-cn-p `Ww kl-Im-cnv hmn \Ip-p. tijw
X\nv Imaw tXmpp Fp Adn-bn kl-Im-cnsb asmcp IpSn-en sImp-t]mbn AhnSs kv{Xosb sImp-Ah
- s Ima-Zm-lhpw ian-n-p-p. AXn-\p-tijw ]pd-p-h klIm-cn-bpsS {]kvXm-h-\-bm-Wn-Xv. `Ww \Inb hrbpw Ima-]qn \Inb thi-ybpw
bYm Iem-]I
- m-cn-bpsS Abpw s]fpw Bbn-cp-p.
22. Hcp tPmen Inp--Xp-hsc Ign-bm-\p-ff XpI thW-sap kl-Imcn Bh-i-y-s--tm Iem]-Imcn AXp kwL-Sn-n-p-sIm-Sp-Xv FhnsS \nv ?
As-n
23. "" ]I hm Xcp-am-bn-cp--tm... Cu cm{Xn-bnsen\mWv kJmhv _pn-ap-n-bXv ? ''
k`w GXv ?
As-n
24. "" Fs-nepw Bh-i-y-ap-f-f-tm Bsc-sb-nepw ]d--b-m aXn. kJmhp t\cnp hcW-sa-n'' BcpsS hmp-I-fm-WnXv ? k`-taXv ?
D. XS-hd NmSnb tijw Iem-]-Im-cn-tbmSv kl-Imcn Hcp A`-y\ \S-p-p. X\nv Ipdp
]Ww Inn-b temI-ns GXp tImWn t]mbm-sW-nepw \mbn Pohn-p-sIm-ff
- mw. DSs\
Iem-]-Imcn Abm-fp-ambn Hcp bph-ap-X-em-fn-bpsS Ac-a\
- -bn-se-p-p. cp Idp \ icoc-p-\-Sp-hn Dd-n-n-S- -p-I-bm-bn-cp apX-emfn sRn-bp-W-tm IXv Inbpw
]nSnv \np kJm-hn-s\-bm-Wv. Ipsd cq]-thWw Fp Adn-bn-t- m ]I hm Xpcambn-cp-p-htm Fn-\mWv kJmhv cm{Xn-bn _pn-ap-n-b-sXv apX-emfn tNmZn-p-p. ]Wn\v cm{Xn-bmWv Bh-iywhsXv Iem-]I
- mcn adp-]Sn \In. DS Ae-am-cb
- psS Xmtm
\In th-sX-Sp-m apX-emfn Adn-bn-p-p. Bbn-c
- ns aqp sIp t\mp-I FSpp
t]mIm-s\m-cp-th C\nbpw Fs-nepw Bh-iyw Df-f-tm Bsc-sb-nepw ]d--b-m
aXn-sbpw kJmhv t\cn-p-ht- c-X
- n-spw apX-emfn ]d-bpp. B bph apX-em-fn-bpsS As\
39
sIm-Xn-\mWv Iem-]I
- mcn Pbn-en-em-bXv Fv IYm-y-
- n Iem-]Imcn shfn-s-Sp-p-pv.
25. ""Rm Ahp Xncn--dn-bm Ign-bm aI\pw B-f-bp-ambnon-cn-p-p. ]ns
F-s\-bmWv P\-ss a\-n-em-hp--Xv. ? '' hnh Fv ?
D. Fw. kpIp-am-cs "\memw bma-' n A`bw X kpl-r-ns\ ]ncn-bm t\cw Iem-]Imcn ]d-bp-p. hni-pp Fp ]d--sm `Ww Xp hni-p-am-n-bXv Xs Abpw
Imaw tXmn-b-tm icocw Xp Ima-hn-Imcw ian-n-Xv Xs s]-fp-am-Wv. Ahv Xncn-dn-bm Ignbm aI\pw B-fb
- p-ambn Xm amdn-bn-cn-p-p. ]ns Fs\ P\-v,
Xsbpw Xs hnh {]h-\--sfbpw a\-n-em-m-\mIpw? 1960 Ip tijw DS-seSp C-y hn-h{- ]-m-\
- n kPo-ha
- m-bn-cp \Ivkt- ev {]h-\
- f
- nse hogvN hnai\m--I-ambn Ah-X-cn-n--s-Sp-I-bmWv Cu IYm k`-n.
26. ""Fs s]v Cu sXmgnemcw-`n-t-n-h-Xv B InS--d-bn \nm-Wv. Ahs
A-\m-WXp ]Tn-n--Xv. Cu {Kmaw apgp-h Abm-Sn-a-bm-Wv.'' k`w GXv ?
D. X\nv A`bw X kplr-n\v Pohn-m Ipsd-]Ww thW-sav Bh-i-ys
- -t- m Iem]-Imcn Hcp _wm-hn Ib-dn--p-p. Atk-j-y \mb-Itfm XWp--v- s\--dv Imh
\np sNdp-a-tfm DW-cmsX Ah _wm-hns AIv {]th-in-p-p. ]p-sa-b
- n
cp Idp \-ic
- o-c
- f
- psS \Sp-hn sNdp-
- m-c apX-emfn Dd-p-p. Abmsf DWn
]Ww kz--amn Ah ]pd-s-p-p. hgn ]ncn-bm t\cw Iem-]-Imcn kplrn-t\mSv Nne
kX-y- shfn-s-Sp-p-p. Ah-bn-semv X\nv ]Ww \Inb apX-em-fn-bpsS As\
sIm-Xn\mWv Xm XS-h-d-bn-em-b-Xv F Imc-yw. bph apX-emfnbpsS A B {Kma-ns
DS-a-bm-bn-cp-p. Fm-hcpw Abmv ASna Bbn-cp-p. Xs s] t\-cs klm-Imcnv Ia-]qn \In-b-h thiy sXmgn- Bcw-`n-Xv Abm-fpsS InS--d-bn \nm-Wv.
bph-ap-X-em-fn-bpsS A-\n \nmWv ]Tn--Xv. (22222)
27. "" \in hK- ]mh-s--h-s\-s-nepw KpWw Inp-Xv Ch--I sNn-.'' k`w
Fgp-Xp-I.
D. Fw kpIp-am-cs "\memw bmaw' F IY-bpsS A-y-n XS-hp-Nm-Snb cp-t]-scbpw
]nSn-m-\n-d
- n-n-cn \nb-]m-e-I-cn Hcm ]d-bp-X
- m-Wn-Xv. \Zn \on--S-m {ian-p
XS-hp-]p-f-fn-Isf Ah shSn-sh-n-Sp-p. Ie-]-Imcn cp Imen\pw shSn-tbv At_m-[m-h-bn-tev \op-p. kl-Im-cn-bm-Is ]pg-bn-tev NmSn \o-ed
- n-bmsX Hgp-nsv apn-mhp-p. Abm-fn \np hoW t\mp-I (I-dkn) s]dp-p--Xn-\n-S-bn \nb-a-]m-e-I ]dbp--XmWv Cu hmI-y
- .
28. F . {]`m-I-cs IYm-k-am-lm-c- GsXmw ?
D. adp-]n-d-hn, H-bms ]mm, cm{Xn-sam-gn, ambm-a-b.
29. "" Fs Pw ASn-apSn ]qp-e-p-shv F\nv tXmn. ]t Atmgpw Ftm
Hns Ipdhv Rm\-dn-n-cp-p.'' k`-sa-gp-Xp-I.
D. F. {]`m-I-cs Hpw Rm Bh-i-y-s-ntm ' F IY B[p-\n-tIm-c Imes
s] Pohn-Xs Ipdn-p-ff DXvIWvT ]p-sh-bvp-p. ]p-sIm--v apv tImtfPv
hnZ-ymn\n Bbn-cns Abm-fpsS Pohn-X
- ntev IS-p-h
- h
- f
- mWv \mbn-I. A]w sImmew `m-hns hon Ah-K-Wbpw \nbpw klnv hop-tPm-en-bpsS `mchpw t]dn HcmtfmSpw ]cm-Xntbm ]cn-`-htam ]d-bmsX Ah Ign-p-Iq-Sn. ntcm-Xvlmhpw \n_--_p-nbpw-sImv Hcp tPmenbpw ]noSv hoSpw Ah kz--am-n. `m-hp-samp \K-c
- n kz]v\-km-m-XvIm-c-tmsS Ign-bp-tmgpw X-fpsS Pohn-X-n Dmb am- Ah a\n-em-p-p. Fmw t\Sn-bnpw Fnttbm Hcp Ipdhv Ah A\p-`n-p-p. Abm-fpsS
kvt\l-amWv AsXv Ah Xpdp ]d-bp-n-''. Hcp thf Fmw Ignpw cp a\pjy
40
Pohn-In-Sb
- n iq\-yX
- b
- psS Hcn-S\
- new _mn-\np-am-bn-cn-pw. Fnepw X-fpsS PohnX-n Ghpw at\mlc-amb Imew Amew Xs Bbn-cp-p-shv Ah hy--am-p-p.
30. X\nv kmcn hmn--c-W-sav Bh-i-y-s--tm `m-hns {]Xn-I-cWw
Fm-bn-cp-p.
D. " Hpw Rm Bh-i-y-s-n-tm' F F. {]`m-I-cs IY kv{Xosb BZi-h-XvI-cnmsX Ah-fpsS bYm-amb Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h- Is-m-\p-ff ]cn-{i-a-am-Wv. tPmenhpw
hoSp-sams kz--ambn t\Sn-sb-Spp Pohn-p--h-fmWv Cu IY-bnse \mbn-I. Ipn-Isf
hfepw tPmen-n-c-p-sam-s-bmbn Imew IS-p-t]m-bn. Hcn- Xe-apSn ]Ip-s-Spv
NoIp-tm \c XeapSn-I ImWm-\n-S-bm-bn, Ahv. AmWv X\nv {]mb-am-bn- hcp-Xv. Ah Adn--Xv. Ap sshIp-tcw Ah `m-hn-t\mSv X\nv Hcp kmcn-hm-n-c-W-sav Bhiys-p. apsm-cn-epw A-c
- ntemcmh-iyw Dbm Xs hmp-I
tIv `mhv ApX-sampw ImWn-msX kl-Xm]w \nd Ip-sImv Ahsf ASn-apSn
Hp t\mn Ap ]t, Ahv B t\m-ns Aw {Kln-m-\m-bn-. ]noSv
`m-hn Dmb Nne `mh-am---fn-eqsS Ahv a\-n-em-m-\m-bn.
31. ""Hcp ]t .... AXpw Fs Ign-hp-tISp Xs-bmImw '' hnh Fv ?
D. Imew t]mIp-X
- n-s\mv X\nv {]mb-ambn hcp-p Fp "" Hpw Rm Bh-iy- s
- -n-tm
' F F. {]`m-I-cs IYm-\mbnI Xncn--dn-bp-p. `m-hn ASp Imep hp
tN Nne `mh-am-
- Ahv kzbw en-m-\p-ff Imc-Wa
- m-bmWv A\p-`h
- s
- -X
- v. Xs
Ign-hp-tI-Sns\ kw_-nv, temIspdn-v, Ime-n-s\v Xm hf-cm--Xn-s\-n Hs
Ah Nnn-p-p. Acw Ign-hpI X\nv F-t-p-ambn \jvS-am-bn-cn-p-p-shpw
Av AXnssbmpw Bh-i-yap-sv tXmn-bn-cp-n-spw Ah a\-n-em-pp. Hcp
]t AsXmw Fs Ign-h-tI-Sm-bn-c-m-sav Ah Duln-p-p.
32. "" C\nbpw Rm \n-tfm-sSm-cp-c-l-kyw ]dbmw ? Fm-bn-cpp cl-kyw ?
D. F. {]`m-Ic
- s " Hpw Rm Bh-iy- s
- -n-tm'' F IY s]-\p-`h
-
- ns t\mgvN
\Ip-h
- n-[a
- mWv Nn-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-X
- .v kz-]\
v k
- Z- r-ia
- mb Pohn-Xt- \-
- kz-a
- mbtmgpw
Ftm NneXv C\nbpw ssIh-n-s t_m[yw IY-bnse \mbn-Iv Dv. hm-I-y-am-Ipp
F kqN\ e`n--t\cw `m-hnt\mSv Ah Hcp kmcn Bh-i-y-s-Sp-p. XpSp-ff Znh-k-fn `m-hn Nne `mh-am-
- Dm-hp-p. Hm-Ifpw Ahsb hos-Sp-m-\p-ff a\:k-am-[m-\hpw Hgn-hp-t\-chpw X\nv Inn-bn-n-. `m-hn-s\mSv Ah-cv Hcp cl-k-yhpw
C\nbpw ]d-bm-\p-v. AXm-bXv Xs ico-c-n \nv t\smcp kpKw XpS-bmbn HgpIn--cv AXv hnSmsX \ndv ]cn-afw ]c--W-sav Ah B{Klnn-cp-p. Fm AhfpsS tamlw ]mSn-m Hm-bn-cp-p-shpw cm-I t\ NqSnsbpw Bdnba hnbnsbpw ZpK-a
- m-bn-cpp Xn \nv {]k-cn-n-cp-s-Xpw Ahv Adnbmw. B ZpKw
`m-hn \nv Hfn-n-m Ah ]mSv s]n-cp-p.
33. "Hpw Rm' Bh-i-b-s-n--tm F IY-bnse \mbn-Iv e`n-msX t]mb Imc-ys
- a-mbn-cp-p. ?
D. Ahv InmsX t]mbXv kvac-WI
- fpw Ahsb Xncn-s-Sp-m-\p-ff a\:kam-[m-\hpw Hgn-hpth-fbpw Bbn-cp-p.
34. acnpw apt Ah `m-hn-t\mSpw Ipn-I-tfm-Sp-ambn ]d-Xv Fm-bn-cp-p.
D. "" Hpw Rm Bh-i-y-s-n-tm ? Hpw...... ''
35. Sn. hn. sImp-`m-h-bp-sS {][m\ IYm-k-am-l-cm- ?
D. Infn-Ipw ]qpw, hoSv Ctm \ni-_vZ-amWv, Cd-nbpw Ipn-cn-hpw, kv\m\w,
Ftmsgptam Ftm, {]-w, InW-dp-I.
41
36. "" Ccp, hgp-p \mhp-I \on Fs \n-tXmn. hogm-Xn-cn-m Rm Npa-cn

Nmcn'' k`w GXv ?
D. Xs Iqp-Im ASp Znhkw Xs sImp-t]m-Ip-hm Fn. Am-cyw `mcy `m\p-aXnsb Fs\ Adn-bn-p-sav k-Ss
- -n-cn-p-p. IYm-\m-bI
- \
- mb ]pjvIc
- HSp-hn ss[cyw
kw`-cnv NneXv ]d-bm `mc-ysb kao-]n--tm Ah K`n-Wn-bm-sWv a\-n-em-bn. AtXmSp-IqsS Ft thq Fv Adn-bmsX \np ]pjvIc
- s Ah-b
- mWv ChnsS hnh-cn-p-X.v
37. ]pjvI-cs Iqp-Im Bscmw ? Ah-cpsS Bh-iyw Fsmw ?
D. Sn. hn. sImp-`m-h-bpsS, Ncn{X ]pcp-j F IY A{]-Xo-n-X-ambn \n-lm-b-X-bntev hgpXn hogp Zpc--amWv Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xv. Iqp-Immbn kX-y-k-X ]men-p-IIbpw Fmw XrPn-m Xm-dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-h
- \
- mWv ]pjvIc
- . hj-v tijw hfsc
A{]-Xo-n-Xa
- mbn ]pjvIc
- s cp Iqp-Im Ahs\ tXSn-sb-pp. `c-X\pw tPmWpw. Xs
ImWm-s\-p Hcp Ipf-f ]Wn-Xp-m-n--cp ih-s-n-bn ]pjvI-c Poh-t\msS InS-Ww. AXv s]mXp-ivam-\-n ASw sN-s-Spw. {]kvXpX I-h-y-n\p Xm-dmbn
]pjvI-c Iq-p-Im-tcmSv kX-y-k--X-bp-f-f-h-\m-sWv sXfn-bn--Ww. CXm-bn-cpp Iqp-ImcpsS Bh-i-yw.
38. Iqp-Im-sc-p-dnv ]pjvI-c-\p-ff A`n-{]mbw Fv ?
D. `c-X, tPm Fo cp Iqp-Im hj-t- fmfw Xs D kvt\ln-X
- m-cm-bn-cp-p. Xm\dn-bmsX Ah ap-ff
- h
- n-Sb
- n Xs \nn-p-am-bn-cp-p. HSp-hn Ah Xs hnv ]p
kpl-y
- p-sftSn t]mb-hc
- m-bn-cp-p. Xs hnhm-l
- n-\p-t]mepw Ah hn-cp-n-. Iptdm-e
- n-\p-tijw Xs Ap-Xs
- -Spn Ah hn-cn-p-p. Hcp hntZ-zj
- hpw IqSmsX Xm
Ahsc kzo-I-cn-n-cn-p-p.
39. "" B hmp-If
- mWv Fs Poh\pw hgnbpw ]t Fp-Im-cyw ? kabw hfsc hfsc sshIntm-bn-cn-p-p. '' . GXp hmp-I ? k`-taXv ?
As-n
40. ac-W-k-a-bv ap- ]pjvI-c\v \Inb D]-tZiw Fm-bn-cp-p.
D. kvt\ln-X-m-tcmSv BmX ImWn--cp-sXpw Hcn-epw Ahsc kz-Im-c-y-Po-hn-X-ntev IS-m A\p-h-Zn--cpXv Fp-am-bn-cpp ap-s D]-tZ-iw.
41. kvt\ln-X-m-tcm-Sp-ff ]pjvI-cs kvt\lw Iqp-Im ]co-n-Xv Fs\ ?
D. Ipf-f ]Wn-sXm-cp-nb ih-s-n-bn ]pjvI-c Ipp-Imp-thn Poh-t\msS InSpw.
Ah AXv th kXvIm-Zn-It- fmsS s]mXp-ivai
- m-\
- n ASw sNpw. AXp-hgn ]pjvIc Xs kX-y-k-X sXfn-bn-pw.
42. ]pjvI-c\p Bi-zm-khpw Dm-khpw \jvS-s XtShpw Xncn-p-In-n-bXv Ftm ?
D. Iqp-Im Hcp-nb hRvP-\-bn IpSpn ]pjvI-c k-S-s-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Xs
`mc-ysb hnv Xm ASp Znhkw Imp-Im-c-tcm-Sp-ff kX-y-k-X sXfn-bn-m acWw hcnm t]mIp-p. `m\p-aX
- nsb X\n-m-n-tm-Ip Imcyw ]pjvIc
- s\ {]bm-ks
- -Sp-n. AtmgmWv Xs `mcy K`n-Wn-bm-sW Imcyw Abm Hm-Xv. P\n-p Ipn\v Xs [oc\mb A-s\-p-dnv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-m `m\p-a-Xnv Iptd Imc-y
- -fp-m-Ipw. Ahsf H-mn-b-. Hcp Ipns\ \evIn-bn-mWv Xm t]mIp--Xv.
43. ]nt {]`m-n-ep-ff Xs bm{X-sb-p-dnv ]pjvI-c `m\p-a-Xnsb ]d-p-a-\-n-emm {ian-Xv Fs\ ?
As-n
44. ""\psS tam\v Hcp kplr-p-m-h-cpXv . AYhm Dm-bm Xs kplr-ns\ kvt\lnae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
42
p Hcp a\v Ah-\p-m-Itb Acp-Xv.'' Bi-b-sav ?

D.-kp-lr-Xv_--n-\mbn B-X-ym-K-n\p apXn ]pjvI-csd \n-lm-bm-h ]p-shbvp IY-bmWv Sn.-hn. sImp-_m-hb
- psS "Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j' Iqp-Im-cpsS W-{]-Imcw ASp
Znhkw kzbw acn-m k-\m-bn-cn-p-I-bmWv ]pjvI-c. Fm Xs `mcy `m\p-a-Xnsb
X\n-mn Xm t]mIp Imcyw Ahsf Adnbn-p-s
- X-s\ ? CXn\p Hcp ]cn-lmcw ]pjvIc ImWp-Xv Ah-fpsS DZ-c-n hfp-sIm-n-cn-p Ipn-em-Wv. \jvS-s-p-t]mb
XtShpw Dm-khpw Xncn-p-]n-Snv ]pjvI-c `mc-y-tbmSv \e-Ip D]-tZiw {it-b-am-Wv.
Xp-m-hp-Xv Hcp B Ipm-bn-cn-p-sapw Ah\v Iqp-Im-cp-m-hc
- p-sXpw AYhm
Dm-bm Xs aI\v Ahs kplr-p-sf kvt\ln-m-\p-ff a\v Dm-h-cp-sXpw
Atlw `mc-y-tbmSp ]d-bp-p. Cu Bap-J-tmsS ASp Zn\w Xm Ftmp-t]m-Ip-p
F Imcyw Abm `mc-y-tbmSv Ah-X-cn-n-p-p.
45. ktmjv Gnm-\-ns {][m\ IrXn-I GsXmw ?
D. H-hm-Xn, IYm-]m-{Xfpw ]s-Sp--hcpw Hcp Nn{XIY-bnse \mbm-p-Im, sImam-e.
46. kwKoX hmZnp sImn-cp tIkv Fm-bn-cp-p. ?
D. ]n. kn. tKm]m-et- a-t\m ]pXnb hoSp hbvm Ipw knap-sams IS-n-sIm-n-cp-Xv
Abhm-kn-bmb Im-Ip-n-bpsS ]d-n-eqsS Bbn-cp-p. Hp Npn hfp t]mbm sabn
tdmUp hgn tat\m\v kzw ]d-n-eqsS hn-sIm-p-t]m-Im-hp--tX-bp-f-fq. Fm Abm
\n_--_p--ym- Im--p-n-bpsS ]d-n-eqsS Xs hn sImp-t]m-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-p. temdnbpsS hchpw t]mpw sImv InS--smdpXn Cm-Xmb Im-pn tat\ms hgn XS-p.
Fm Hmev shv ao ]nSnp Po-hn-p IogvPm-Xn-m-c-\mb Im-pn Xs XS-Xpw
]d-Xpw ta PmXn-m-c-\mb tat\m\v ]nSn-n-. Abm Im-p-n-bpsS Igp-n ]nSnv
"" s]me-bms tamt\ sImp-If
- bpw '' Fv Aedn ]ns Ahn-sS-n-S In-jvWw FSpv
Xe-Sn-p. Aw-]vv Hm^v aU CXmWv tIkv.
47. tImX-aw-Kew Unjv hnf-p Znh-k--fn-sems kwKoX ]d-bm-dp-ff A`n-{]m-b-sav ?
D. cv aX- Xn-ep-ff kmaq-ln-I-amb AIew \nI-p--Xn ]n amwk-ns kzm-[o\s ]n.
48. cpIvan-Wnv s]mXpth PmXn-]c
- a
- mb Hcp Xcw Cô-cn-tbm-cnn tImwIvkv Dsv kwKoX
a\-n-em-n-bXv Fs\ ?
D. aps hjw Hcp t\cv h-ta-ibvv Npp-an-cpv `Ww Ign-p-sIm-n-cp--tm
Idn-I-fnse PmXn-b-Xsb ]n Hcp kwkmcw \S-p-I-bp-m-bn. Av kwKo-X-bpsS Iqp-Im-cnIsf IqSmsX AU-z-tv Dn-cm-P-bpsS Pq\n-b kXojv hbpw Dm-bn-cp-p. kwKo-XbmWv N XpS-n-sh-X
- v. ]mNIw sNp-tm Dpw a-fp-sams tNm-\p-f-fX
- p-t]mse
Nne-bn\w Idn-I-fn AXns D]-m-Xm-f
- psS PmXnbpw aXhpsams Ie-cp-Xv kz-`m-hn-Iam-sW--h ]d-p. It]m-f-If
- n ASn-p-Iq-Snb sImgp-ns B[n-Iyw shv awtKm-fnbs\ Xncn--dnbpw t]mse Idn-I-m AtXXv C\am-sWv a\-n-em-m-v kwKoX tkmm-lcWw kan-p. Ah-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n
\q-Xncn = am-g-]p-fn-t-cn, Hme
\mb
= Iqp-I-dn, sagp-p-]p-c-n, samfq-j-yw, Ahn-b
Cugh
= apXn-c--dn, IS-e-dn
{InkvX-y = Xmdmhv am-k, t]mv hc-n-bXv
apkvenw
:= _n^v _ncn-bm-Wn, tImgn- _n-cn-bmWn
Hmtcm Idn-bp-tSbpw cpNnpw \nd-n-\p-samw APn-t\m-tam-tm-t]mse sldn-Un-d
- nbpw Dsv
kXojv h kwKo-Xsb ]nmn At-c-amWv cpIvanWn kwk-m-c-hn-j-b-am-b-Xv. C\n F.ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
43
F.-_n-b F.F.-Fw. ]mmbn tUmIvS-tdv FSp-mepw Ah-fpsS Sn^n t_mIvkn

\npw hcp tNv ao\ns Dfp-nb aWw t]mhn-spw AXv apt ]d sldn-Un--dn-bmsWpw kwKo-Xb
- psS \mhn \npw hoWp-t]m-bn. ]noSv cpIvanWn kXo-jp-ambn {]W-b
- nem-bn. {]W-bm{Z-amb \nan-j--fn Ftmtgm hnj-b-Zm-cn-{Zyw h-tm Xs Imap-In-sbn kwKoX apv ]d tNp-ao-\ns Imcyw kXojv ]pd-p-hn-p. AXn-\p-tijw cpIvanWn
kwKo-X-bpsS apJv t\mn-bn-n-.
49. " kmm Xrq-Wn-pd Xp-cms\ B Id-n-s]v {]W-b-ns Hmepw shv hogvn
'
kw`-h-sav ?
D. kXojv h F taPm-Xn-m-cs\ IogvPm-Xn-m-cn-bmb cpIvanWn Xs Imap-I-\mn
amnb Imc-y-amWv kwKoX ]cm-ain-p--Xv.
50. cpIvanWn taPm-Xn-m-c-\mb kXo-jns\ {]Wn-bn-m ImcWw Fm-sW-mWv kwKoX
Is-p-Xv ?
D. km-n-Ihpw hnZ-ym-]-c-hp-amb ]ptcm-KXn ]ntm PmXn-Isf khW hn`-Km--fp-ambn
sFI-y-s-Sm tamln-p-p-v. AXmWv cpIvanWn knhn tj-\nse hnhn[ hIp-p-I-fn
\nc-h[n ]n-IP
- m-Xn-m ]pc\n-dp \nt ZfnXv hZn-bmb cpIvanWn Hcp Xp-cms\ Xncp
]nSnp t{]an-m Imc-Ws
- av kwKoX Is-p--Xv.
51. kwKo-X-bpsS sNhn-bn kqk ]d cl-kyw Fm-bn-cp-p.
D. kwKo-X-bpsS In-bpsS FXn`mKw hoepw ]nWn-m-cn-bp-amb cpIvaWn kw_np cl-k-y-am-bn-cpp kqk kwKo-Xb
- psS sNhn-bn ]d--Xv. cpIvanWn F IogvPm-Xnm-cnv ta PmXn-m-cmb Iqp-Imsmw IqSWsapw kwkm-cn-W
- s
- apw Fsm-sbp-v. am{X-a Im-pn F-bm Ah-fpsS Df-fn Acw skSn-ankv Hpw C.
]n. ]n. Bb nXnv Abmp-thn Ah hmZn-m-Xn-cp-Xv tami-am-Ip-sap Icp-XnbmWv tIkn Ah hm-ep ]nSn--Xv. asmcp cl-kyw IqSn kqk kwKo-Xsb Adn-bnp-p. kwKo-X-bp-ambn cpIvanWnbpsS tImw{]-ssakv Ign-m kXojv h cpIva-Wnsb
Hgn-hm-pw. Abm ho-ep-tZ-ymKw hnv Im\-U-bn-tev t]mIp-p.
52. cpIva-Wn-bp-am-bp-ff kwKn-X-bpsS {]iv\-n\v ]cn-lm-c-am-bXv Fs\ ?.
As-n
53. "" Ah-cpsS ssII PmXn-\n-c-t]--amb GtXm Imn-I -_-em ]c-kv]cw BIjn-sv h-ta-ibvv apI-fn ]c-kv]cw Hn-tp. Bhn ]d-p Hcp tjv lm v '' kqN\
Fv ?
As-n
54. tNmcn-nv ]memv hon tKm]m-et- a-t\ms\ Cu tImSXn shdpsX hnn-cn-p-p. '' k`w
hnh-cn-p-I.
As-n
55. "" Bbn-c-n-sXm-m-bn-cn ]Xn-t\-gn tNdm-bn CXp-t]m-semcp immSv \S-n-pv ''
hnh Fv ?
D. tIc-f
- ns ]ptcm-Ka
- t- \m-p-Ja
- mb s]mXp a\-ns\ XS-p-\np PmXot_m[n-s\Xnsc Bt] kz-c-tmsS t]\ Nen-n-p Fgp-p-Im-c-\mWv ktmjv Gn-m\w "
sImame' bnse "]n-t`m-P\w' F IY tIc-fob Ncn-{X-nse angn-hm Hcp kw`-hs
"]mcUn' Bbn ]p\-ch
- -Xc
- n-n-p-Ib
- mWv IYm-Ir-v. Hcp tImS-Xn-bnse _m Atkm-kn-tb-j
h-ta-ibvp Nppw hnI-kn-p IYm-{]-tabw tIc-f-sam-msI ]Sp ]-en Nne \
bmYm -y
- f
- n-tev hmb-\
- m-cs\ sImp t]mIpp. PmXob-amb D-\oNXzw bmYmy-am-bn-cns Ahsb \nbaw Adn-bp-h
- t]mepw Fs\ kao-]n-pp F Imcyw kap-Nnae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
44
X-`m-h-tmsS IYm-Irv Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. Xs PmXntcv hnfn--Xn\pw sImm {ian-Xn\pw tIkv \Inb Im-pn F Xmgv PmXn-m-cs _phmWv Abmp thn
tIkv hmZn-p cpIvanWn. Fm Ahv hnZ-ym-`y- m-khpw tPmen-bpw e`n-p-t- XmsSPmXn
Cm-Xm-m-\p-ff {ia-an. Ahv ]t Xs CSw khWsm-am-sWv sXfn-bn-m\pw
AhW Xs _p-P\
-
- tfm Iqp-Imtcm BsWp ]d-bm aSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. cpIvanWn
taPm-Xn-m-c-\mb Hcp-s\ {]W-bn-p--Xn-eqsS Ah sXfn-bn-m B{K-ln-Xv AXmWv. ]pdta Ah kwKo-X-tbmSpw Iqp-Im-cn-I-tfmSpw ]n-W-n-em-sW-nepw Ch-scm-sSmw
Iqm-\p-ff XmXv]-cyw Ahp-v. kwKo-X-bp-am-bp-ff {]iv\w t]mepw Ah-fpsS kz-X-zs
Ah-tl-fn-p-X
- m-Wv. Fnpw Ah kwKo-Xv amp-\e
- I
v pp. ]o-t`m-P\w hgn ssU\nwKv
tS_n ]p-sh-pI hgn Xs PmXn Aev]w Db-cp-p-shp cpIva-Wnv tXmp-p.
hy-Xy- kvX aX-Pm-Xn-hn-`m-K
- f
- psS {]mXn-\n-[y kz-`m-ha
- p-ff `W hn`-h
- ssIam-dp-t- XmsS
Ahn-Sb
- nse {]iv\w Xs PmXn-sImv Ah-tl-fn-Xpw ImIpnsb tat\m PmXn-tcn
hnfnv sImm {ian-Xpw hfsc \nm-ca
- mbn ]cn-lc
- n-s
- -Sp-p. kXo-jns klmbtmsS
ca-ybpw kqk-\p-amWv tImw{]-ssa-kn\v apssI-s-Sp-p--Xv. `-W-ss-am--n-eqsS almb "]n-t`m-P\w' \S-X
- mbn Ah Ah-Im-is
- -Sp-p. 1917 se tNdmbn kt-f\
- hpw Ah
\S-nb hn-hhpw t]mse Ncn{X {]kn--amWv. X Hcp-nb ]n-t`m-P-sav Ah AhIm-i-s-Sp-p. Hmtcm-cp-cpw sImp-h aX-PmXn kz-`mhw {]I-S-am-p `-y-hn-`-h-
ssIamdn `n-p--Xn-eqsS tKm]m-e-ta-t\m inn--s-Sp-am-bn-cp hen-sbmcp tIkns
hn[nbpw Xocp-am-\a
- m-Ip-p. Im-p-n-bpsS `mKw hmZn-p ho FXnI-n-bn tNtXmsS tIkv tKm]m-e-ta-t\m\v A\p-Iq-ea
- m-Ip-p. AhW-cpsS khW-Xm-Xv]-cy- hpw khWcpsS PmXn-ta-[m-hn-hpw hfsc efn-Xa
- mbn Ah-X-cn-n-p-Ib
- mWv ktmjv Gn-m\w "]nt`m-P\' neqsS ]n-bn hnf-p t`mP-yh
- n-`-h--sfmw kzw kzw hd-hp-N-n-bp-sSbpw
hd-hp-Im-csbpw PmXob ap{Z-I-sfbpw `mh--sf-bp-amWv {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNp--Xv. AXn-\m
Xs `-W-hn-`-h--fnepw apnbhbpw kzm-[o-\X IqSn-bh
- bpw Am--hbpwDv. IWn-iamb At-]-n-eqsS Cm-c-y- Ah-X-cn-nIbWv ktmjv Gn-m-\w.
aqp ]pd-n Ihn-bmsX D]-\-y-kn-p-I.
1. B[p-\nI ae-bmf sNdp-IYm{]m-\-ns khn-ti-j-X-I hnh-cn-p-I.
2. B[p-\n-IX Fm Fv ? ae-bmf IYm-km-ln-X-y-n B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS kmn-[yw ASbm-f-s-Sp-p-I.
3. ae-bm-f-nse B[p-\nI IYm-Ir-p-sf eLp-hmbn ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-I.
4. e-aem ]ym-cn-em ]WvUnvPn F IYm-]m-{Xs \ncp-]Ww sNp-I
5. Fw. apIp-s cN-\m-hn-tijw Fs-m-sav apWvU\w sN-s PohnXw ' ap\nn
N sNp-I.
6. A]-I-z-a-km-l-N-c-y--fnse hn-h-{]-h-\-ns ]mfn--I " \memw bma' n Fw.
kpIp-am-c Ah-X-cn-n-p--sX-s\ ?
7. " \memw bmaw' F IYv Bk-zm-Z\w Xm-dm-p-I.
8. B[p-\n-Im-\c Imes kv{Xosb-dp-dn-p-ff DXvIWvT IYbvv {]ta-b-am-p Fgp-pIm-c-\mWv F. {]`m-I-c. " Hpw Rm Bh-i-y-s-n-tm ' F IY ap\nn hnebn-cp-p-I.
9. kv{Xobp-sSbpw ]pcp-jsbpw Pohn-X-nse Xnc-p-I-I " Hpw Rm Bh-i-y-sntm F IY-bn Ah-X-cn-n--s-SpXv Fs\ ?
10. kX-y-k-X FSp-m \mW-b-ambn amdn-bn-cn-p Cs Ah Nn{Xo-I-cn-p-IbmWv " Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j' F IY ]cn-tim-[n-p-I.
45
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Nqj-Wm-[n-jvTn-X-amb ka-Im-enI kmaq-lym-h--bn kplrv _fpw Nqj-Wn\p hnt[-b-am-Ipp F "Ncn{X ]pcp-j' sXfn-bn-p-Xv Fs\ ?
"]n-t`m-P\w' F ioj-I-ns {]kn hni-I-e\w sNp-I.
ktmjv Gn-m-\-ns IY-If
- psS BJ-ym-\-ns khn-ti-jX" ]n-t`m-P\w' ap
\nn ]cn-tim-[n-p-I.
Ncn{Xw, \nbaw XpS-n-bh " ]n-t`m-P\w ' F IY-bn Ah-X-cn-n--s-n-cn-p-Xv
Iogmf hncp--am-bm-Wv. N sNp-I.
B[p-\n-I-sXsb Gsd kzm-[n-\n cp Nn-If
- mWv AkvXn-X-zh
- m-Zhpw A\-yh
- X
- vIc
- W
- hpw
hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I.
B[p-\nI IY-If
- psS s]mXp khn-ti-jX
- I
- Fsmw ]mT-`m-K-sf ap\nn ]c-ymtem-Nn-p-I.
---------
46
samUyq-4
1. t]mv tamtU-Wnkw F-Xn\p kam-\-amb ae-bm-f-]Zw Fgp-Xp-I.
D. D-cm-[p-\n-IX
- , B[p-\n-tIm-c
- h
- mZw.
2. Post-Modernism F-Xnse Post F D]-kKw BZ-y-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-Xv Bcv?
D. sen {ôUve (1965 )
3. Hcp Iem-{]-m-\tam kmln-Xy- {- ]-hW
- X
- tbm F-Xn D]cn hfsc hym]-Ia
- mb Hcp kmwkvImcnI ]cn-n-Xnsb sam-n Dsm-ff
- p-X
- m-Wv ..........................................................
D. D-cm-[p-\n-IX
4. lnK-zn -F {]i-kvX-amb IY Fgp-Xn-b-Xv?
D. F.-F-kv. am[-h
5. hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am-dns PohnX Imew?
D. 1946-1993
6. hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am P\n--sX-hnsS?
D. amth-en--c-bn
7. H, Ic-tbmKw Fo IYm-k-am-lm-c- Bcp-tSXv?
D. hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am
8. t_mlkv IY-I ae-bm-f-n-tev ]cn`mj-s-Sp-n-bXv?
D. hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am
9. A hp F IY GXp kam-lm-c-n-teXv?
D. H
10. _mwq-cn \nv I\-ym-Ip-am-cn-bn-tev t]mIp sFe v FIvkv{]kv Xoh-n-bn hn-dn-bXv Bcv?
D. cma-Ir-jvW-n-ff
11. D-bp-d--nse kz-]v\- F IYm-k-am-lmcw Fgp-Xn-bXv?
D. kn. A-
{`mv F IY GXp kam-lm--cn-emWv Df-fXv?
Rv
Zev (Z) ]Z-n \nmWv .............................. F ]Zw DZv`h
- n-Xv
ZenXv
ZenXv ]mtgvkv {]m\w cq]w sImXv Fv? FhnsS?
1972 apws_-bn
A[:-nX P\-hn-`m-K
- ns PohnXw B P\-hn-`m-K-ns--h Xs Bhn-jvIc
- n-p-XmWv ............................ kmln-Xyw
D. ZenXv
16. `mc-Xob ZenXv kmln-Xy Am-Z-an-bpsS tI{w FhnsS
D. Uln-bn
17. ZenXv kmln-Xyw, ZenXv `mj Fo IrXn-I cNn-Xv?
D. Ihn-bq apcfn (1931 2001)
12.
D.
13.
D.
14.
D.
15.
18. ZenXv kmln-X-yw: Hcp ]T\w F IrXn cNn-Xv?

47
D.
19.
D.
20.
t]m Nnd--tcmSv
Imdn-en-cp ktlm-Z-cnsb t\mn IrjvW amjv ]d--sXv?
Hpw ImWp-n-tm
Imdnse ktlm-Z-cnsb ImWnp sImSp--tm Hpw ImWp-n-tm Fv ]d amjnt\mSv _me-y-Ime kplrv tNmZn--sXv?
D. IrjvW Ipo, \n\pw {`mmtWm ?
21. kp`mjv N{ P\n-Xv Fv? FhnsS?
D. 1972 Bep-h-bv-Sp-p-ff ISp--q-cn
22.
D.
23.
D.
LSnIm-c- \ne-bvp kabw F IY Fgp-Xn-bXv Bcv?

kp`mjv N{
2001 se tIcf kmln-Xy Am-Zan AhmUv t\Snb kp`mjv N{s IY GXv?
LSn-Im-c- \ne-bvp kabw
24. ]dq-Zokm-\jvSw F IY Fgp-Xn-bXv?

D. kp`mjv N{
]W-n-sbpw hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-n-sbpw hym-P-amb ]cn-th-j- Ah cp t]cpw
inc-n\p ]nn ]c-kv]cw Zin-p. Bscms?
D. tUm. tXmakv htm-m-c\pw tUm. kp\nepw
2
26.
D.
27.
D.
28.
Poh aimbv GXp t\mh-ense apJy IYm-]m-{X-amWv?

Btcm-Ky \ntI-X\w
Ia-e-bpsS ]{mw ]nd-m-fn\v A km\n-Xv Fm-bn-cpp?
]Ww \nt-]n-m-\p-ff aIp-Sp
Ia-e-bpsS ]Xn-\memw ]nd-m-fn\p A \Inb km\w?
D. Btcm-Ky- -\n-tI-X\w F t\mh ]pkvXIw

29. cXn-bpsS Xev]w Xs arXn-bpsS Xev]a
- m-hp-Ib
- mWv Xev]- sa IY-bn Fv A`n-{]mb-s-X
- mcv?
D. Fkv. imc-Z-pn (k-t-l-ns B t\m-)
30. ]tm Ccp-]tXm hjw Ign-bp-tm-tgbvv tUmIvSam Ds-sS-bp-ff A`-ykvX hnZ-ycpsS s]mXp kz-`mhw Fm-bn-cn-p-sa DXvIWvT AXn-kq-va-amb cmjv{Sob ImgvN-mSn-eqsS ............................. F IY aptmp hbvp-p.
D. Xev]w (kp`mjv N{)
31.
D.
32.
D.
33.
a ac- Npnepw F IYm kam-lmcw Bcp-tSXv?

{]nb F.-F-kv.
adn-bm Xp-n F t]cv Bcp-tS-XmWv?
Hcp s] ]n-bpsS
adn-bm Xp-n F s]]n Xma-kn-p-Xv FhnsS?
D. tacn-Ir] F hon
34. tacn-Ir-]-bnse At-hm-kn-I Bscmw?
D. tPmk^pw \mknbpw
48
3- 5. tacn-Ir-]-bn-se-nb B]-nv e`n t]cv Fv?

D. kn Xp-n
36. tacn-Ir-]-bpsS \mkn-bpsS ac-W-n\v GXp IY-bp-am-bmWv kmZr-iyw Df-f-Xv?
D. am[-hn-p-n-bpsS s\bv]m-bkw
37. tPmk-^ns Pohn-X-n-tev ISp h kpcn Bcm-bn-cp-p?
D. kpc-_me
25 hmn Ihn-bmsX D-c-sa-gp-XpI
1. Btgvk F kmwkvIm-cnI \ncq-]-Is \nh-N-\-{]-Imcw D-cm-[p-\n-I-X-bpsS \mep
apJ-ap-{Z-I GsX-mw?
D. 1. B-k--ev]\w (self concept)
2. kZm-Nm-chpw ss\Xn-I-hp-amb hy-h-lmcw (Moral and ethical discourse)
3. Iebpw kwkvIm-chpw (Art and culture)
4. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cWw (Globalisation)
2. D-cm-[p-\nI sNdp-I-Ym--fn {]ap-J Bscmw
D. hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am, F.-F-kv. am[-h, F. {]`m-I-c, Sn.-hn.-sIm-p-_m-h, Atim-I
sNcp-hn, sI. cLp-\m-Y AjvS-aqn, tXmakv tPmk-^v, sI.-]n. cma-\p-n.
3. ka-Im-enI IYm-Ir-p--fn {it-b-cm-b-h Bsc-mw?
D. hn.-B. kp[o-jv, hn.-F-kv. A\n Ipam, kn.B. Hma-\-p-, inlm-_p-o s]mbvpw
IS-hv, ]n. kptc-{, sI.-sI. cta-iv, Sn.-F. {]Im-iv, {]`m-Ic
- ]g-n, Aw_n-Im-kp-X ammSv, h-e hmXp-t-cn, taXn cm[m-Ir-jvW, bp.-]n. Pb-cm-Pv, ]n.-sI. ]md--S-hv, sFkIv
Cu, ktmjv Gn-m-\w, _n. apc-fn, kp`mjv N{, Abva\w tPm, lm^nkv apl--Zv,
AIv_ I-n, kn.-hn. _me-Ir-jvW, C. lcn-Ip-am, sI.-F. taml-\-h, bp.-sI. Ipamc.
4. ka-Im-enI IYm-Ir-p--fn {it-b-cm-b- Fgp-p-Im-cn-I Bsc-mw?
D. kmdm tPmk-^v, t{Kkn, Ajn-X, _n. kc-k-z-Xn, C.-]n. kpj-a, Kmb-{Xn, N{-a-Xn, sI.-]n.
kp[o-c, {]nb F.-F-v, knXm-c. Fkv, sI.-B. an-I, sI. B. aoc, H.-hn. Dj, KoX, KoXm-lnc-Wy- , Djm-\
- -ym
5.hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am-dns IYmkamlm-c- GsXm-s?
D. Xncp-hm-Xmw-Iq IY-I, Ic-tbm-Kw, H
6. GsXms Fgp-p-Im-cpsS IY-I-fmWv hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am hnh\w sNbvXn-p-f-f-Xv?
D. t_ml-kv, tIm-k, lphm dqt^m XpS-nb ]mm-Xy D-cm-[p-\nI IYm-Ir-p-fpsS hninjvS IY-I-fmWv hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am hnh\w sNbvX-Xv. IqSmsX bqPo tbm\kvtIm-bpsS \mS-I
- fpw Atlw hnh\w sNbvXn-p-v.
7. hn.-]n. inhIpamdns IY-I-fpsS {][m\ khn-ti-jX Fs-mw?
D. B[p-\n-Im-\-c IY-I-fnse `mhp-I-Xz ]cn-Wmaw BZ-y-am-Zyw {]X-y--s-Sp-nb {][m\
IYm-Ir-p--fn-sem-cm-fmWv hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am. B[p-\n-I-Xsb AXn-\p-f-fn \np-sIm-pXs At-l-ns IY-I \ntj-[n-p-p. AXn-I-Y-bpsS (metafiction) ktXw anI
coXn-bn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m Ign inh-Ip-am-dns IY-I-fn ]mc-Unbpw {àm--I-Xbpw
kz-]v\mIXbpw \ndp \np--Xmbn ImWmw. Xmc-X-ta-y\ {lk-z-amWv At-l-ns
49
IY-I. Ie-lhpw ]cn-lm-khpw ac-Whpw At-l-ns IY-I-fnse kPoh LS-I--fm-Wv.

8
A hp F IY-bpsS BJ-ym-\-ns {]m[m-\yw Fv?
D. hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am-dns A hp F IY \mep `mK-f

- m-bmWv IYm-Irv Xncn-n-cn-p-Xv. Hmw `mK-n Xoh-n-bn \nn-dn h cma-Ir-jvW-]n-ff F a[-y-h-b-kvI-\mb
tI{ IYm-]m{Xw Xm ]Tn hnZ-ym-ebw kin-p-Xpw Ahn-Ss KX-Ime Hm-I
Ab-hn-d
- p-Ibpw sNp-p. hnZ-ym-eb
-
- n \np ]pdp IS-p-tm Abm cma-Ir-jvW
F bphm-hmbn amdp-p. buh-\-Ime kvac-W-I-fmWv ]ns IYm-Im-c Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xv.
IY cmw `mK-n-tev IS-p-tm cmap F _mes IY-bmWv ]d-bp-X
- v. A-bvsmw
Bdmp atlm-hw ImWm t]mb cmap Asb At\-z-jn-pXmWv IYm-k-`w. IYbpsS aqmw `mKw D-h--d-n Ce-Iv{Sn-knn sseam Cn-b-hncm ^yqkv sIm t]mIpXpw tImhn-en Hcp A-tbbpw Ipn-t\bpw Iv ]cn-{`-an-p-Xpw hnh-cn-p-p. IYbpsS \memw `mKv IYm-Im-c cmap F IYm-]m{Xw Ipn-{]m-b
- n Xs kvotdm-sUa
F A]qh tcmKw hp acnp t]msbpw cma-Ir-jvW-s\ bphmhpw cma-Ir-jvW-]n-ff
F ay hb-kvI\pw km[-y-X-I am{X-am-sWpw hnh-cn-p-p. Hcp icm-i-cn-m-cs PohnXhpw B`m-Sc
- l
- n-Xa
- mb Ahs ac-Whpw {àm-I
- a
- mb Xc-n Ah-X-cn-n-p-Ib
- mWv IYmIr-v. \mSp apgp-h D-h-cm{Xn {iotIm-hn-ense Asb tXSp-tm kzw A-bpsS aSnbn InSp A htm Fv tXSn-smp Xs acn-p-p.
9. cmap-hn\p ]nSn-s] AkpJw Fm-bn-cp-p? AXns {]tX-y-IX Fm-bn-cp-p?
As-n
10. icm-i-cn-m-cs Pohn-X-n \nv Cu tcmKs Xncn--dn-bp-hm Cpw Ffp--a-.
GXp tcmK-s? Fp sImv?
D. kvotdm-sUa F A]q-tcm-Ka
- m-bn-cpp cmap-hn-\v. Fp hb-m-bt- m-tgpw Ahs
]p-I-sfmw sImgn-p. Xe-apSn \c-p. icocw Npn-p-fn-p. hm-IyIme-tcm-K-
Ahs\ ASn-s-Spv A\-i-z-c-Xb
- p-tSbpw Ime-n-tbpw aWn--bn-tev Fdn-p. taepIm-hnse Hcp--h-n\v Bdm-p-tLm-j-bm{X Xncn-s-m-dmb ka-bv Ah acn-p-p. 1947
\p apv Bfp-Iv saUn- hnm\w Ipd-hm-bn-cp Imev Ahs {Kma-nse F.Fw.-]n-m-cmb ]gb tUmIvSamcpw ae-b Ft-p-I-fn \np ]ncn Itm-amcpw
A-c
- n-semcp kpJ-t-Sn-s\-]n tIn-cp-n-. icm-ic
- n-m-cs Pohn-X
- n \nv {]kvXpX
tcmKs Xncn--dn-bm \S-p-Im-epw Ffp--a Fp IYm-Irv A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p.
11. anb Hcp `qX-Im-e-n-tev Cu IY Xncnp t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. GXp IY? Cu {]kvXmh-\b
- psS HuNn-Xy- -sa-v?
D. hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am-dns A hp F IY \mep `mK--fm-bmWv IYm-Irv Nn-s-Sp-nbn-cn-p-X
- v. cma-Ir-jvW
- n-ff F ay hb-kvIs
- bpw cma-Ir-jvW F bphm-hn-sbpw
KX-Ime Nn-I Ah-X-cn-n--Xn\p tijw IYm-Irv cmw `mKw Bcw-`n-p-Xv anb
Hcp `qX-Im-e
- n-tev Cu IY Xncn-p-t]m-hp-Ib
- mWv F {]kvXm-h\
- t- bm-sS-bm-Wv. bYmn Cu `mKw Zo]vXa
- mb Hm-If
- m kamsW-mWv {]Ya ZrjvSym tXmp-I. Bdmp
atlm-hhpw D-h
- d-
- nse kw`-hh
- n-Im-k
- fpw X-bX
- z- t- msS Ah-Xc
- n-n-pp Fm
sshZypXn s]sv AW-p-t]m-Ip-Xpw IYm-{]-kwKw CS-bvp-hp apdn-Xpw Npp-hn-f
- pI F Xop sIp t]mbXpw Ig-I-m-cpsS Dd-hpw IYm--co-s asmcp Xe-nae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
50
eqsS A\p-`-hn-m klr-Z-bs\ t{]cn-n-p-p. cmap F sImp Ipv DWs-gp-tv

Asb At\-z-jn-p-p. acWw A-bpsS aSn-bn-em-bn-cn-p-tmgpw cmap-hns At\-z-jWw
A htm FXpam{X-am-Wv.
12. ^yqkv t\mm-\mbn t]mIp hgn {iotIm-hn-en-\I
- v Ce-Iv{Sn-knn sseam Cn-b-hncm
I ImgvN Fm-bn-cp-p?
D. Btcm hmn-sm-Sp Hcp Ipn Nmcmbw H-b-Snp hngp-nb tijw Hcp ]oSn-I-n-bn Znm-em-Xn-hn-bmbn Ce-Iv{Sn-knn sseam Cn-b-hncm Ign-bp-Ib
- m-bn-cp-p. IYm-{]kwKw ]mXnhgn-bn \npt]mb-Xn p`n-Xcpw AXp-tIm-\p-ff Xm]-c-y-ap-f-f-h-cp-amb
\mp-Im Abmsf ]nSn-IqSn ^yqkv t\mm ]d--b-p. t]mIp hgnv Abm {iotImhn-en-\I
- -tv Hp Fn-t\m-n. AtXmsS Abmp ]cn-k-c-t_m[w hopw \jvS-s-p.
AIv ]oT-n hntem-e-h-kv{X- [cnv ]qNq-Snb at\m-l-cn-bmb Hcp kv{Xobn-cn-pm-bn-cp-p. aSn-bn Hcp Ipn ab-n-n-Sp-p. Ahs Ipn-ss-bn ]f-fn-hm-fp-v.
Imen Nne-pw. B sImp-i-cocw Bk-Iew hkq-cn-sm-f-f- t]mse hnbp-a-Wn-I
Dcp-p-IqSn \np-p. A-bpsS Imcp-Wyw aIs Ihn-fnepw apSn-bnepw Xtem-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
DSp-]p-S-hb
- psS Aw sImv Ahs s\-s hnbv Hn-sb-Sp-p-I-bm-Wv.
13. kn. A-s IYm-k-am-lm-c- GsX-mw?
D. D-bp-d--nse kz-]v\-, Rv.
14. kn. A-s cN-\m-k-{-Zmbw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-I?
D. ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-X-y-nse {][m\ ZenXv Fgp-p-Im-c-\mWv kn. A-. ZenXv
Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-sf AXns IrX-y-amb e-p-hp Xs Is-Sp-m A- {ian-pp. CXn-\p-thn {]mtZ-in-I-amb anp-Ifpw _nw_-fpw ssien-Ifpw Atlw D]-tbm-K-sSp-p-p. Ccp-]--tmfw IY-I am{Xta Atlw Fgp-Xn-bn-p-f-fq.
15. IrjvW amjns _me-y-Im-e-kp-lrpw Abhm-kn-bp-amb ]m-b-p-sa-dpw
kwLhpw Izmt-gvkn-sen Adn-bn-s
- X-v?
D. amjns s]-v {`mv Ie-i-em-bn-cn-p-p. Ahsf ASp-p-ff {`mm-kv]-{Xn-bn-emm Xm Ib-dn-h kwL-tmSv kl-I-cn--Ww.
16. Izmt-gvkn-se-nb kwL-ns Bh-iyw tI-tm IrjvWamjv ]d adp-]Sn
Fv?
D. Xs ktlm-Zc
- n-bpsS tcmK-s-n Xt-m-f-[nIw Adnhv h-hpv F PmS a\-nen-cn--s. Ah-, Ahp-thn ]ncnhpw Xncnhpw \Sn Imdpw tImem-l-e-hp-ambn
hn-cn-p--hsm-s-bmWv {`mp-f-fXv F adp-]-Sn-bmWv Abm \In-b-Xv.
17. {`mn-bmb s]sf Xnc-kvI-cn--Xn\v IrjvWamjv Is-p \ym-bo-I-cW
- -sa-v?
D. kplrpw kwLhpw \nt-in-pw-t]mse s]-fpsS Imc-y
- n CS-s]-n-cp-s-n X\nv
kw`-hn-m-\n-cn-p-s
- X-sv IrjvWam-jn\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. \mep-Im-cW
-
- f
- mWv kzbw
\ym-bo-IcWambn Abm Is-p--Xv.
1. s] {`mn-bm-sWv Izmt-gvknse kl-Xm-a-k-m Adn-bpw.
2. Xm A[:-Ir-X-\m-sW Imcyw P\- a\-n-em-pw.
3. A[:-Ir-Xs
- b Hcp tXmepw Dm-m \ndhpw {]Ir-Xh
- p-ap-ff Xs `mc-ybvv `r
-ho-p-Im-tcmSv Adpw AI-bp-am-Wv.
4. \K-c-n P\n-v, Ahn-sS-s hf aIv CsXmpw A{Xbvv CjvS-am-In-.
18. kpJ-an-m s]sf Ah Bkv]-{Xn-bn InS-p-tm Hcn--se-nepw kin-m-Xn\v IrjvWamjn-\p-ff \ym-bo-I-cW
- s
- a-v?
51
D. {`mn-bmb ktlm-Z-cnsb amjv t]mbn IXv sImv Hcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an-. Ahv

ktlm-Z-cs\ Xncn--dn-bm-\m-In--tm. AXn-\m B ki\w {]tbm-P-\-iq-\-y-amb Hcp {]hrn-bm-Ip-sav Abm-fpsS _pn ]d-bp-p.
19. IrjvWIp-o, \n\pw {`mm-tWm? k`w GXv?
D. Hcp Znhkw Xs _me-y-Im-e -k p-lrpw Abhm-k n-b p-amb ]m-bp sa
IrjvWamjv Xma-kn-p Izmt-gvkn-sen s]-fpsS {`mv Ie-ie
- m-sWpw Ahsf ASpp-ff {`mm-kv]-{Xn-bn AUvanv sNm X-tfmSv kl-I-cn--W-sapw Adn-bn-p-p.
Fm Xs \ne-hnse Npp-]m-Sn\v oWhpw am\-t-Sp-ap-m-p-sav IcpXn amjv
AXn\npw Hgn-p-am-dp-p. s]-fp-ambn h-hmWv {`mspw Xncnp ]d IrjvW
Ipnv Ah Imdn-en-cn-p ktlm-Z-cnsb ImWnp sImSp-p-p. X\n-smpw ImWp-ntm F IrjvWIp-n-bpsS adp-]S- nv kplrv Xncnv tNmZn-p tNmZ-ya- mWv IrjvWIpo, X\npw {`mmtWm? Fv.
20. A]-IjXm t_m[w sImv Iq\nbpw sRmn-bp-amWv Cubp-f-f-hs \S-v. AXn\p
]pdta CXp IqSn-bm-bm......... hnh-n-Xs
- av?
D. {`mn-bmb s]sf Bkv]-{Xn-bn-em-m\pw ip{iq-jn-m\pw A`-y-kvX-hn-Z-y\pw AanUn mp-Im Xma-kn-p Izmt-gvkn kp-cnbpw DtZ-ym-K--bp-amb `mc-y-tbmSpw aItfm-Sp-samw Ign-bp--h-\p-amb IrjvWamjv Xm-dm-Ip-n-. AXn\v Atlw Hmtcm \ym-b \nc-p-I-bm-Wv. {`mn-bmb s]sf ]cn-Nc
- n-m \nm ]cn-lm-k
- ns I-S
- n-neqsS Xs t\mp ]cn- N - b - m- c n \nv Xms\- s\ c- s - S p- s av Irjv W
BtemNnpp. \mpIm ]ncn-sh-Spv Bkv]-{Xn-bn-em-nb Hcp {`mn-bpsS ktlm-Zc
- \
- mWv
Xms\v Izmt-gvkn \mep-t] Adn-bp-Xv At-l
- n\p henb oWw sNpw. As-n
Xs A]-IjXm t_m[w sImp Iq\nbpw sRmn-bp-amWv Xs \S-spw C\n B Not-cp-Iq-Sn-bm-bm................ hmIyw ]q-am-m t]mepw Abmv km[n-p-n- Fp ImWmw.
21. Xs aIsf ImWm apn h-tm A\p-`h
- n A]-am-\hpw thZ-\bpw Fm-bn-cp-p?
As-n
22. A aS-n-sbv Adnhv Inn-b-tmtg Ah Xncnv hp-ffq Bcv? Fm-bn-cpp
Imc-Ww?
As-n
23. Ccw {]iv\
- {]Xn-k
- n-If
- m-Ip-Xv Fs Ign-hn-mbva sImm-sWp \np
tXmmw. Fm kX-y-n CXn-sempw Ign-hp-tI-Sns {]iv\w A`-hn-n-n-. GXp
{]iv\-s-p-dn-mWv ChnsS ]cm-aiw?
D. kn. A-s {`mv F IY-bnse IrjvWamjv Xs ktlm-Z-cnv {`mv Ie-i-em-btm Ahsf Bkv]{- Xn-bn-em-m\pw ]cn-Nc
- n-m\pw Xm-dm-Ip-n-. AXn\v Atlw \nc-h[n
Imc-W
- ]d-bp-p. Ah-bn {][m-\-s-Xv Xs aI Xs-n Fp ]dbpw Fp-ff
- -XmWv. ImgvN-bnepw ImgvN-bn-m-bva-bnepw Ah Ah-fpsS A-sb-tm-se-bm-Wv. Hcp Akm-[mcW kz-`m-h
- m-cn-bm-Wv. Ipsd hjw apt Xs t]c-aIsf ImWm IrjvWs A FpI-bp-m-bn. IrjvWs amt\-P-cpsS Nmb--S-bn \np \mep ]cn-p-h-Sbpw s]mXnp
sIn-bmWv aIs aIsf Hcp t\mp ImWm Bn-tbmsS apn Fn-b-Xv. Ap
aIv Bdp hb-m-Wv. apn ]e-]mSp hnfn-npw IrjvW No ]d-npw ê-ap-mae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xyw
52
bn-; Ah ap-nsb ImWm Iqm-n-bn-. Ah ]pd-p-ff hmXn hen--S-nv ASpp-ff Iqp-Im-cn-bpsS Izmt-gvkn-tev Xncnp t\mmsX HmSn. A aS-n-tm-sbv
Adnhv e`n-t- m am{X-amWv Ah Xncn-s-n-bX
- v. IrjvW Ahsf hg-smpw ]d-n
sNdnb Ipn-bt- ? t]mcm-X
- n\v IrjvWs A`n-{]m-b
- n sXv Ipdv Xs A-bpsS ASpp-v. BZ-y-ambnmWv Ipv ap-nsb ImWp-Xv FXp t]ms; Abvv Ipd-p-IqSn
shfppw hrnbpapff appw ukpw [cn-m-am-bn-cp-p. t]mcm--Xn\v A Idp-n-pam-Wv. aIm-sW-n Idp--hsc ]cn-N-b-hp-an-. \K-c-nse Iq Php-fn--S-I-fpsS
apn hn-cn-p `qan-bnse amem-Ja
- m-cpsS \ndhpw cq]-hp-ap-ff
- h
- c
- mWv aI-fpsS Iqp-Im-cn-e[
- nI-hpw. Acw {]iv\- At-l-ns Ign-hn-mbva sImv {]Xn-k-n-I-fm-Ip-pshp
tXmmw. Fm AsXmpw Ign-hp-tI-Sns {]iv\-a-s-p-Ir-jvWam-jn-\v A-dnbmw. Atl-ns `mc-ybvpw aIpw ]d-b- kz-`m-h-Zq-j-y--fn-. Ah IrjvWam-jns
_p-P\
-
- sf shdp-p-Xp t]mepw Bm-am-bn-m-Wv.
24. kp`mjv N{s IYm-k-am-lm-c- GsX-mw?
D. LSn-Im-c- \ne-bvp ka-bw, ]dp-Zo-km-\-jvSw, Xev]w, Un tacn, at[-y-bn--s\,
ImWp t\c-v.
25. Bip-]-{Xn-bn \nn-dpw apv Iae ]Xn-hm-nb cp Imc-y- Fs-mw?
D. Xmhcpw hsc As Imc-y-v kn enknsb Nw-sI-p-I, Hcp hip am{X-ambn
\pW-pgn annv tUmIvS htf-fm-m-c\v Hcp Nncn sImSp-p-I. Ch cp-amWv Iae Bip]-{Xn-bn \nn-dpw apv ]Xn-hm-n-bn-cp-X
- v.
26. tUmIvS kp\n, tUmIvS htf-fm-m-c\p \Inb amK-kn-\n \n_--ambpw hmbnm \nt-in Imcyw Fm-bn-cp-p.
D. temkv Gknse bqWn-th-gvknn Hm^v Imen-t^mWn-b-bnse saUn- sk-dnse
cp bph tUmIvSam \S-nb AX-yw ]co--Wm--I-amb akvXnjvI ikv{X{Inb-bpsS
ZrIvkmn hnh-cW
- -amWv AXn Dm-bn-cp-X
- v.
27. sImdn\ Aem-an--bpsS akvXnjvI ikv{X-{In-b-bnse shp-hnfn Fm-bn-cp-p?
D. sImdn\ Aem-an F Iuam-c-m-cnv akvXn-jvI-n Syq-a Bbn-cp-p. CS-Xp-sNhnpw CS-Xp-s\-npw CS-bvp-ff `mK-v, Aev]w AI-tv amdn-bnmbn-cpp Syq-a, t{_mbpsS CSw Fv imkv{X-am hnfn-p-, `mjm-km-a-y-ns {]`-h-tI-{-tmSv apnbn-cp-pn AXv Ccpp ]nSnp hfn-cp-p. Syq-a apdnp amp-tm sImdn-\b
- psS `mjbpw
apdn-t-mw. AXm-bn-cpp {][m\ shp-hn-fn. AXn-kq--va-amb tImi--fn-eqsS In
\op AtX thfbn sImdn-\-bpsS `mj-Iv apdn-thp-pthm F-dn-bm Ahsf
Cwojpw kv]m\njpw kwkm-cn-tnvhp.
28. tUmIvS kp\n IqsS-qsS kwLj-`-cn-X-\m-Im ImcWw Fv?
D. Ata-cn-b
- nepw Cw-nepw Xs kplr-p- A\p-`h
- n-p ku`m-Ky-
- s
- f-n HmnXp sImv.
29. tUmIvS tXmakv htm-m-cs ]nXr-`-nv ImcWw Fv?
D. ]T-\-n icm-ic
- n-m-c-\m-bn-cp tXma-kns\ ]W-ns Hscm-_
- e
- -n tUmIvS-dmn
amn FSp Ncn-{X-t_m-[-amWv tUmIvS tXmakv htm-m-cs ]nXr-`-nv Imc-Ww.
30. Ipn-I apXn-hc
- n \nv{]-tX-yI
- nv tUmIvSd- n \nv Adn-hp-tISv {]Xo-n-p-n-.
AXp-sImv htm-m-c Xami ]d--Xm-bn--cpXn Iae k`-ta-Xv?
D. kp`mjv N{s Xev]w Iae F sImp s]Ip-n-bp-sSbpw tXmakv htm-m-c F
e-S\
- mb tUmIvSd- p-sSbpw IY ]d-bp-p. Iae F ]g- t]cv BcmWv Ipn\p \Inb-sX tUmIvdpsS tNmZ-y-n\v A\v Ghpw CjvS-s Fgp-p-Im-cn-bpsS t]cm-b-Xn-\m
53
Iae Fv X\nv t]cp \Insbv Ah Adn-bn-p-p. Fgp-p-Im-cnsb a\-n-em-msX

Bcv? Iaem s\lvdp-thm? F a tNmZyw tUmIvS tNmZn-p-p. hnVvVn-p-cn-I-apbn tUmIvS D-bn-p tNmZyw tIv IYm-Irv {]Xn-I-cn-p-X
- mWv ta ]cm-ain-s `mj.
31. Xpd hmXn-en-p-f-fn s\Sp-\o-f-n arX-ambn InS-p Ccp-p-Iv Ipp s\n
Hcp B-ep-m-bn. hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I.
D. kp`mjv N{s Xev]w F IY-bpsS A-y
- n If-a
- d- n-bm Iae F _men-Isb
{]oWn-nv tUm. htm-m-c ssewKnI Bh-i-y-n-\mbn hn--Sp-tv sImp t]mIpp. ]Ww Hcp-p-Iq-m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p aIp-Sp As Bkv]-{Xn-n-e-hn\p ]Ww XnIbmsX hm s]mn-t-n-h-cpw. Atm s]mnb aIp-Sp-p ]Icw ]e \nd-n-ep-ff
mnIv IpSp km-\a
- mbn \Imw Fv tUmIvS Ia-et- bmSv Gn-cp-p. hn-bpsS ss{Uh
AXv hmn hn-I
- v shn-cn-p-p Fpw AsX-Sp-m Xs IqsS hc-Ws
- apw tUmIvS
Ahsf Wn-p-p. Ia-esb X{-]qhw ]nd-In-ep-ff Ccp-n \nn-bn-n-cn-p Bw_pekn-tev sImp t]mIp-p. hml-\-ns ]nnse NXp-c-hm-Xn Xpdpw apv AXn
Nph Cwo-jn Fgp-Xn-h
- n-cp A-c- (AMBULANCE) Iae cm{Xn-bpsS \c shfn-n hmbn-p-p. Ah `bp ]nam-dp-p. Xpd hmXn-en-\p-f-fn s\Sp-\o-f
- n arXambn InS-p Ccpv Iv Ipp s\n Hcm--ep-m-Ip-p.
32. Xev]w F IY-bn sImdo\ Ae-an-tmpw Ia-epw Xn-ep-ff kmayw Fv?
D. Bkp-ctam A]m-bI
- c
- tam Bb hy-h-n-Xn-bn `mj-bn \np am\p-jnI `mh- \np
t]mIp-Itbm Atijw XpSp \o-s-Sp-Itbm sNp-p. sImdo-\bvpw Ia-ebvpw kzw
A\p-`-h- {]Im-in-n-m-\p-ff `mj \jvS-s-Sp-p. CXv Ah-cpsS kz-X-z-\jvSw Xs-bmbn
\apv a\-n-em-n-sb-Sp-m-\m-hpw.
33. {]nb. F.-F-kns {][m\ IYm-k-am-lm-c-?
D. Hmtcmtcm Xncn-hp-I, a-a-c- Npn-epw, {]nb.-F.-F-ns IY-I
34. ]n-If
- p-sSbpw a\p-j-yc
- p-sSbpw temIw hy-Xy- -kvXa
- mWv Fv adn-bm Xp-n Icp-Xm
Imc-Ws
- a-v?
D. ]n-Ifpw a\p-jy- cpw Xn hfsc A[nIw hy-Xy- m-ka
- p-sv adn-bm-bvv Adn-bmw. s]]n-I a\p-jy- s
- -p-s
- f-t]mse a-c]
- c
- o-I
- p thn am{Xw kvt]mSvkpw cmjv{So-bhpw
Ncn-{Xhpw Adn-bp--h-c-. s]p ]d-Xp tIp t]mbm B]n s]tm--\m-hp-Itbm
s]]n sân-\n-m-hp-Itbm sNp coXn ]n-h-n C. Hcp CWsb Is-e
- ns\
Ie-ymWw Fp ]dp DZm-h
- X
- vIc
- n-tem CW Imp-t]m-bm C\n Xm\pw Abm X
Pohn-X-ns Hm-Ifpw Fp hnn-smn A`n-\-bnv HmkvI hmepw Hpw ]n-tem-In-en-. ]n-Iv PohnXw AS-n-sh-bv-e; kz-X-{-kp--c-amb `mh-{]-I-S-\-am-Wv.
35. tacn-Ir]bnse \mknbpsS ac-W
- n\v am[-hn-p-n-bpsS s\bvm-bk
- hpambn Hcp GItZi kmayw Dsp IYm-Imcn \nco-n-m Imc-W-sa-v?
D. ASp--f--Wn-bn hym-]r-X-\m-bn-cn-s, Ipn-Iv s\bvm-b-k-ap-mn hv Xfp
hoWv acn-p-I-bmWv s\bv]m-b-k-nse ho-. tacn-Ir]bnse \mkn-bm-Is `m-hn\v
Ign-m-\mbn ck-Kp-fb
- p-mn {^nUvPn kqn-p-sh-n-cp-p. \mkn-bpsS ih-aS- v Ignv
oWnpw k-S-spw hnh-i-\mbn hv shf-f-sa-Sp-p--Xn\v thn {^nUvPv Xpd--tm
54
tPmk^v ck-Kp-f-pn ImWp-Ibpw Ipd-sw Ign-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

adn-bm-sb GIm--X-bn-tev \bn kw`-h-hn-Im-k- Fsmw?
D. adn-bm-b
- psS CW-bmb B]n \jvSs
- -X
- n-\m Ah GIm-In-bm-bn-o-cp-p. AtXmsS
\mkn-bpsS ac-W
- m e`n kzm-X{- -y
- ns AXmw kphW-Zn-\m-tLmjw apS-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
37. kpc-_me tPmk-^ns hoSv ASnp hrn-bm-m Xocp-am-\n-Xv Fp-sIm-v?
D. {Inv {`mn-bmb kpc-_me Ifn-bp-ff Znhkw tPmk-^p-samv tacn-Ir]bn Hp-IqSp-p. {Inv el-cnbpw kpc-Xe
- l
- c
- nbpw Hnv ]X-p-bc
- p Hcp aplq-n Ifn-bpsS
Bthi-n apgp-In-bn-cp adn-bm D-c-n \nv ]nSn-sXn tPmk-^n-sbpw kpc-_m-ebp-sSbpw Npen-\n-S-bn-ep-ff {`mn-tev hoWp. Atm kpc-_me Adpw shdppw {]I-Sn-np Hcp i_vZ-ap-mn InS--bn \nv Fgp-tp. tPmk-^n-t\mSv ]nsb Xn-sm-m
kpc-_me ]d-s-nepw Abm AXv Ku\n-p-n-. B X-n\v hm apdn-nv cm-fpsSbpw {i Xncnv adn-bm]n tai-hn-cn--Sn-bn t]mbn Hfn-p. Xs shf-f--p-Sp-n
]pc ]n-mjvSw Iv kpc-_m-ev Hmm\w tXmn. ]nsb shdptX hn-Xn\v tPmk^ns\ Ah Ip-s-Sp-n-smv Ah hoSv ASnp hmcn-p-S-m Xocp-am-\n-p-p.
-300 hmn Ihn-bmsX D-c-sa-gp-Xp-I.
1.
D-cm-[p-\n-IX Fm-se-v? ae-bmf sNdp-IYm {]m-\-n D-cm-[p-\n-I-X-bpsS
kmn-[yw AS-bm-fs
- -Sp-p-I.
2.
]pXn-b-Ime sNdp-I-YI
- -fpsS {][m\ khn-ti-jX
- -I hne-bn-cp-p-I.
3.
hn.-]n. inh-Ip-am-dns A hp F IYbvv Bk-zm-Z\w Xm-dm-p-I.
4.
kn. A-s {`mv F IY-bnse IrjvW amjv F IYm-]m-{X-s-]n \ncq-]Ww
Fgp-Xp-I.
5.
ZenXv IY-I-fpsS s]mXp-k-z-`mhw Fsmw Fv N-sN-p-I.
6.
kn. A-s {`mv F IY ZenXv kmln-Xy amXr-I-bn cNn--s--Xm-tWm?
]cn-tim-[n-p-I.
7.
kp`mjv N{s IYm-c-N-\m-ssh-`-hs Xev]w ap\nn Ah-X-cn-n-p-I.
8.
Xev]sa IY-bn s]ns hn\n-a-b\
- j
- vS
- n-t-X
- . kz-Xz- \
- -jvS
- n-sbpw IqSn IY
-bm-Wv. hn-i-Zo-Ic
- n-p-I.
9.
cXn-bpsS Xev]w Xs arXn-bpsS Xev]-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. Xev]sa IY-bn.
hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I.
10. kz-]v\
- fpw `mjbpw apSn-bp cXn-Xev]w ih-a
-
- n \np `n-a
- m-Xm-Ip-p. F
hkvXpX Xev]w aptm-ph-bvp-s
- X-s
- \?
11.
{]nb F.-F-ns BJ-ym-\-ns khn-ti-j-X-I ]mT-`m-Ks ap \nn N
sNp-I.
12. AXm t\mq, Hcp ]n F {]nb-bpsS IYbvv Hcp Bk-zm-Z\w Xm-dm-p-I.
13. taco-Ir]bn adn-bmXp-n-ens PohnXw Fs\ Fv hnh-cn-p-I.
3
-------
55
56

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School of Distance Education

ae-bmf sNdp-IYm kmln-Xyw

School of Distance Education

ae-bmf sNdp-IYm kmln-Xyw

Sri. Kamarudheen Parappil

Layout: Computer Section, SDE

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

s_mm-n-tbm-hns "Um-a-dm IY-I'

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

54. "sNdp-IY C-se , Cv ' F {K-ns Imhv ?

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

109. sI. kc-k-z-Xn-b--bpsS "tNme-a-c-' F IY Fgp-X-s hjw ?

School of Distance Education

temI-{]-i--cmb GXm\pw sNdp-I-Ym-Ir-p-f

School of Distance Education

t]m-jn-Wn, Iht\mZ-bw, IYm-Iu-ap-Zn.

School of Distance Education

`Ww Ign-p-I-Ibpw Hcmp th{X tNmdv ssSK F \mbv \Ip-Ibpw

School of Distance Education

D. ssIhn-e-p-I, s]meokp-Im-cs aI, Pbn ]pf-fn-bpsS Nn{Xw, P-Zn-\w, ssSK

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

D. Pt\m-]-Imcw e-y-an-mWv DXp-m InW Ipn-b-Xv. Fm ]epw B kZv`m-h\

School of Distance Education

Fw.Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb P\np hf {Kmaw ?

School of Distance Education

Hcp Imev \mK-cnI Poh-XntXv Fp Icp-Xn-bn-cp Inv tIc-f-nse \mn

School of Distance Education

tN k-dn-b-bpsS IY- bm-W.v .......

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

hmcn-p-gn, Zmdp--emw, kzKw Xpd-p ka-bw.

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

sf Bdpw sIme sNm-\n-d

School of Distance Education

34. "hmkvXp-lmc'aptm-p-h-bvp Bibw Fv ?

School of Distance Education

Fnb BcXnWn--cpsS hon Fp-p. Nmbbpw ]elmchpw Ign-p--Xn-\n-S-bn

School of Distance Education

D. kn.-hn. {iocmas "hmkvXp-lm-c' bn A]-l-cn--s Pohn-X--fpsS ]nm-p-d-m-gvNI A\p-`-h-s-Sp-n-c

School of Distance Education

Sn. ]-\m-`s IYm-J-ym-\-ns khn-ti-j-X-I Fsmw ? "aI' F IYsb

School of Distance Education

School of Distance Education

18. ae-bmf IYm-N-cn-{n cmjv{So-b-amb B[p-\-Xbvv XpSw Ipdn IYm-Im-c ?

School of Distance Education

35. ""C\nbpw Rm \n-sfm-sSm-cp-c-l-kyw ]dbmw'' cl-kyw Fm-bn-cp-p.?

School of Distance Education

54. hmZn-bmb Imm-p-n-bpsS ho Bcv ?

School of Distance Education

tatm-bva, cmjv{Sob cwK-p-mb {]mtZ-inIhn-L-SnX {]h-W -X-I , hKo-b-X,

School of Distance Education