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Bypass of irreversible steps of glycolysis

Pyurvate kinase (PK)

PEP
I.

1st

PYR
irreversible step of glycolysis catalyzed by PK
lactate dehydrogenase (LD)

Lactate

pyruvate

(oxidized, in cytoplasm)

pyruvate carboxylase (PC)

Pyruvate

oxaloacetate

(carboxylated, in mitochondria)
PEP carboxykinase

Oxaloacetate

phosphoenolpyruvate

(decarboxylation and phosphorylation, in cytoplasm)

(PEP)

isomerized

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