ic SIMULACRA AND SIMULATION JEAN BAUDRILLARD TRANSLATED BY ‘Ann Arbor The University of Michigansh wanton opi © y ts calle 8 ‘lightened ‘Qin on ace pope Ac alu cfr is ended Jon. ‘Silesian. Engh] sin yen Bue ous ISaNonq7209528 ak paper. —1S8N or 024 (Pb " Recblnc(Pioupy) Rey Te, Snes CONTENTS The Precession of Simulacra Holocaust The China Syndrome ‘Apocalypse Now The Beaubourg Effect: Implosion and Deterrence Hypermarket and Hypercommodity The Implosion of Meaning in the Media Absolute Advertising, Grownd-Zero Advertsing (Clone Story Holograms rash ‘Simlacra and ScienceFiction The Animals: Territory and Metamorphoses The Remainder “The Spiraling Cadaver Value Last Tango ‘On Nikitin 29 43THE PRECESSION OF SIMULACRA. at ides the fae a there none ‘The simalacrm re, Bevis {mc we wes ewe as le wich he [ei ie rile tend apcoeing hey nly he ec oe apie wince yng of hs nap ey eo ttn ru hugs sd sl dcemiiin he Alert capa ato also hing ope slo he pie nd tinge cee, teaming esos steeds bp ingot wh heal teh) thn be flag ofan, tty come ile ts and poser nating ce harm feo der Toy tsncsn en long ofthe ney, the dsb te nmr occ. Snlara song ate eon rec ag oss Ihe pen yes {iat witout ong or ey shee The ey wo ine ran cord kre eae imp tt peste tetany peo of re Mierfenfes thet done mate he le Stic be aed he map vhse sie po frend eel rut en ge we Ea Bi too eae of eel Tet cen tel Ror nb mal One ae serelictaptf jetupc oats beac nota ssaneStal ond Stlacon limperians that present-day simolatorsstempt to make the ‘eal of theres coincide with heir models of simulation, But itisnolongera question of ether mape or ertores. Something thas disappeared: dhe sovereign diference, berween one and the ‘othe, dat constited the charm of absracon. Because 5 ‘erence that onsitatesthe poetry ofthe map ad the charm of the teritoy the magc ofthe concep and the char ofthe rea This mgnary of representation, which simultaneously culmi- es noe is nguled bythe earogrphrs rad project ofthe eal eoextensivty of map and terior disappears ia desu ‘on whose operation sniclear and genetic mo longer aall spc aro discusve eal of metaphysics tha lost No mare tnttr of beng and appearances, ofthe real nd is concep. No ote imaginary coextensvty itis genetic miniaturzaton thats the dlmension of simulation, The veal is produced from tin sree ells, matrices, and memory banks, model of ontol— ‘nd can be reprodced an indefinite numberof times from these. Ino longer neds to be ational, Deus tno lange ea- sures isl against itera ideal or neptive instance. Kis 20 longer anything but operational. In fc, sn longer ely the real becnuse no imaginary envelope it anymore es a hyperrea, produced fom a radiating shuts of eombinatory model in Iyperspace without atmosphere By crossing into a space whose curvature iso longer that of the ea nor that of tra, the ea of slton i nmagerated by liquidation ofall referenil—worse: with their arial rea fection inthe systems of sig, a materia more malleable han tnenning in that ends elo allystemsof equivalences, tall binary oppositions, tall combinatory algrbra Ino longer question of itaton, not duplicnton, nor even parody Its 8 ‘Qwest of ebstuting the sgn ofthe rel forthe rea that Shy ofan operation of deterring every real proces ia ope oval double, programmatic, metastable, perfectly desclpive Imac tht ofr al the signe ofthe real and shore celts all its vicstudes Never again wl the real have the chance 1 ro- ‘ace isel—such the vital fantom othe model masystem ol death, or athe of anttpted resurrection, that no Longer even fgves the event of denh » chance Abypereal henceforth shel The Preesion ofS fom the imaginary and fom any distinction between the J feed the tnaginay leaving room only forthe orl eeu P ferce of model and forthe simulated generation of difleences. The Divine Lmnereaevce oF Iuacee simulates to pretend nt ihavewhatone has, Tostmulate eign to have what one doesnt have, One implies apres, other an absence. But is more complicated than that be simulating snot pretending: "Whoever fakr