SECTION 5G ~ HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS Page 56-1 PROTECTION OVERVIEW ‘The ever increasing number of fres occurring in warehouses, storage bulings, basements, tunnel ‘suggest that many fre stuatons are naw being encountered in which fie fightrs using a wadtonal foam ‘or water extinguishing agent are unable to reach the sour of he fe Inaction, hess are no longer Just Class A or 8 materials, they are hazardous toxic chemicals. Te high and medium expansion foam systems offer a fr extinguishing procedure that wal automaticaly sk out and extinguish the teat the source. The foam blanket that is produced by ths system transports water to the fe, sulfocates and cools the fre, suppresses escaping vapors and encapsulate the toxic vapors and paricust,‘SECTION 5G ~ HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS. Page sa-2 PROTECTION OPTIONS “The design standard adopted throughout his sacton mets the requirements of NFPA 11A Standard for Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems" 1994 edtion; refer to this standard fo further information not ‘mentioned in tis section. t's important to note that this standard refers to minimum application rates of ‘expanded foam as cubic fst per minute (cf) (cubic meters er minute (mm), not asa solution in ‘gallons per minute (gpm) itrs per minut (Lom) Care shoul be taken when using ether medium or high expansion foams to implement personnel evacu ation procedure prior too simultaneously with the system actuation to prevent individuals rom being ‘rapped and disoriented inthe ising foam blanket. Duet the limited amount of moisture present inthe foam it shouldbe used with caution around exposed elecical equipment; it should not be used if exposed high votages are involved. ‘Total Flooding High Expansion Foam Systems High expansion foam generators typically dever expansion ros between 200:1 to 1000%1. The foam fs ‘capable of totaly flooding large rooms and enclesuras allowing it tobe delivered tothe source ofthe re and effectvely extinguish horizontal and verical (tree dimensional fires. the foam is allowed to ssipate, there willbe minimal water damage tothe enclosure and the contents. é High oxpancion foam ffoctve in controling Lquetied Natural Gas (LNG) fres by blocking heat feed- bak rom the flames fo the LNG thereby reducing the vaporization ate, MeciumvHigh Expansion Foam — Locel Application Systems Local appicaton systoms are best sutedfr the protection of basically la suraces such as confined spe, cubed areas, pits, trenches, etc. Whon utlzed to protect mult-evel or tree dimensional hazards, an aczoptable met%od of foam containment must bo provides "Medium expansion foam solution is expanded in volume within a range o 50:1 Yo 200:1. The foam bianket formed bythe generator prevents the release of uel vapor and provides addtional cooing due tothe high- ter water conten. Medium expansion foam has benefits in outdoor appeatons because the foam sess alec by wind condtions.‘SECTION 5G ~ HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS Page sG-3 ‘TOTAL FLOODING HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS. ‘otal Flooding System Flow Chart ‘Tho following flow chart defines a logical sequence for designing total flooding systems. I —T — me I=} obornar rare nition ‘Pate eo t‘SECTION 5G — HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS. Page 56-4 ‘TOTAL FLOODING HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS (Continued) ‘The minimum application rate of expanded foam necessary to extinguish or conto af depends on a umber of factors including hazard casication, bung constucton, the presence ofa sprinkler system, submergence time and volume, and foam generator selection. Hazard Classification ‘The hazard classiication is based on the preducts o be stored, used ot moved in and out ofthe protected area. When muliple products ave present itisimportant to choose the clasifeaton withthe most severe hazard, An example ofa hazard classification would be Low Density Combustbies(.e, foam rubber, foam Plastes, rolled tissue or crepe paper). These classications are Isted inte lefthand column of Table on Page 56-5, ‘Bulling Construction Bulging construction i Glassiied as ether (a ight or unprotected steel constuction or as (b) heavy, pro tected or fie resstve constuction. This information in combination with ater factor is used to determine the minimum submergence time in Table 1 on Page 5G. Sprnker Systems and Foam Breakdown Rate (Rs) «q tan automa sinker yom instal, he acon ot he spinars wil case a bras of he foam, The poton af ho foam destroyed clad at 10cm por gpm (0.0748 mm por Lp of spn- Wer discharge. The ieforaton forthe sine sion densty ad oo re of he spikes can pial be ound ona design information ign locate th spike sytem alarm vale, ry pe va. re Acion ave. Use te flawing lmao act the foam beakcown rata. FOAM BREAKOOHN RATER) = FOAM DESTROYED x SPRIKLER DESIGN DENSITY FLOOR AREA ‘Typical calculation: ARg= 1cimigpm x 030 gpm? x S000 12 = 9000 cn (254.85 mim) tthe hazard area does not have a sprnkersystom, no calulaton is required (Re‘SECTION 5G ~ HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS Page 56-5 TOTAL FLOODING HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS (Continued) Minimum Submergence Time (7) ‘Aor determining the typeof hazard, bulling construction, and presence of a spinor systom,soct the appropriate value fr the minimum submergence tie (T) kom te folowing table, Type ght or Unprotected Heavy or Protected of ‘Steel Construction or Fre Resistant Constucton Hazara ‘Sprinklered Not Spenklered _Sprinklorod___ Not Spinklored Flammable Liquids (Fash Points bolow 3 minutes 2 minutes S minutes 3 minutes 100 °F (98°C) having vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pal (278 KPa) Combustible Liquids (Fash Points at or 4 minutes 3 minutes ‘minutes 8 minutes above 100 F (38 °C)) Low Density Combustibles Lo, Foam Rubber, 4 minutos 3 minutest minutos 4 minutes" Pasties, Rolled Tissue High Density Combustbles Tmnutes 5 minutes" minutos 6 minutes Le, Rolled Paper Kratt or Coated Banded High Density Combustiles S minutes 4 minutest minutes S minutes" Le, Rolled Paper Kral or Coated-Untanced uber Tres 7 moutes 5 minutes S minutos minutes" Combustibles, in cartons, bags, 7 minutes 5 minutes 8 minutos minutes" for crume “These submergence times may nat be directly applicable to high piled siorage above 15. (4.6 m) or where fr spread through combustible contents is very rapid Table por NFPA 11A 1904 edition TABLE‘SECTION 5G — HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS. Page 56-6 ‘TOTAL FLOODING HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS (Continued) ‘Minimum Submergence Volume (V) “The submergence volume isthe lor area ofthe hazard o be protected, mutiplied by te minimum fl -15A(FM) is selected asthe generator be Used and thr minimum o 75 pli Drove tothe generators FRONTABLE@: GENERATOR FOAM OUTPUT = 17885 in SOLUTION FLOW » 128 om MUNBER OF GENERATORS » 218458 + 17.985m = 12(1.8Raude ip SYSTEM FLOWRATE = TE 20 gpm = 158 gp 814 Lp) “Teco foc toam quanta: 1, QUANTTY = 1836 gpm X 25 in. X oer 5 105g (87) TX Cocotte {4 X 618,750 #3) + 17,985 cim] X 128 gpm x 0.0275 1 Mes pl 1850 TX Conte 4. QUANTITY» 1599p 5m. x 0927S 5 ek oa 268) 0 JET Canna ‘The quant of concent fc our ies the submeroance volume (rma 2) ss than he 25 ¢ ‘nui dation formula buts azoles than te 18 minute misrum requrement. Treo ‘quantty of concentrate required for his system would be the value rom formula 3 which is 634 gallons (2089) quantity of foam concentrate required for 2, QUANTITYSECTION 5G ~ HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS Page 56-8 ‘TOTAL FLOODING HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS (Continued) HIGH EXPANSION GENERATORS ‘TYPICAL DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS Goneeator Generator Generator Inlet Pressure Foam Output ‘Solution Flow Mode No. (os) (KPa) (etm) (mm) gpm) (Lom) _ Expansion ser) Pe nr some a5 7 517177080 38144 too 680270 44 186 JETXOA, 5 ads 35192 73 5178.20 a 188 100890785108 50189 JETS 5 M5 5880151 38138 7 5178720180 45 170 yoo 69071205 20d 50189) JETXSA 50 3855700181 ot 290 7 51771800212 7 23 100 68081000228 7 39 JETS so 451353583 157584 7% «BIT 18980887 te 696 100 69018875478 210794 JETXASA(UL) 5084S 13,880 99 19450 7 81717410493 145548 too 630 19.545 589 169639 JETXASAFM) 50345 12,085 368 405397 7 517 «17.905 500 128484 t080:1 100 600 17,100 484 150 56785 JETXASA(ING) 5034512625857 180 eat 52531 7% SIT 1449510 220 e851 100 680 18.2018 260 98 55:1 TABLE2‘SECTION 5G ~ HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS. Page 5a-10 LOCAL APPLICATION SYSTEMS ‘Local Application System Flow Chart ‘Tho following flow chart dines logical sequence fr designing local application systome i Sci paces) SOIREE RATE ‘pase so | cessor ano 6-2e ‘SECTION 5G ~ HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS Page 56-11 LOCAL APPLICATION SYSTEMS (Continued) In areas of hazard protection whe a total laoding high expansion system fs not feasible and the hazard Is not totaly enclosed, the mediumigh expansion foam local appicaton system may be more useful Hazard Dimension ‘The protected hazards may be located indoors, patalyshetored or entialy out-of-doors. Containment of the foam to the hazard must be taken into consideration as well s provisions to compensate for winds ‘and other llects of waater ‘Sprinkler Systems and Foam Breakdown Rate (Re) the hazard area has a sprinkir system, use the guidelines and formula for sprinkler systms on Page '5G-4fo the total oosing system ‘Submergence Time (T = 2 Minutes) “The design teria for aocal application medlumvhigh expansion foam system i to clscharge a suficient quantity of expanded foam to cover th hazard toa depth of at lot 2 foot (0.6m) within 2 minute, Minimum Submergence Volume (V) ‘The area of protection shall inciude all areas to which the fie may spread wih a minimum required depth ‘ol foam ob no less than 2 eet (0.6 m) over he hazard. MINIMUM SUBMERGENOE VOLUME = HAZARD AREA X (HAZARD HEIGHT + 2FEET (08m) Calculate Foam Discharge Rate (R) Use the design forma fo ota looding systems on page 5G-7. Include the standard values for CN (1.15) and 0. (1.2. Calculate Foam Quantity (Once the minimum rate of foam cischargo (R) has been calculate, select a foam ganerator rom the let hand column in Table 2. Determine the numberof generators required forthe system wih thefellowing feemda: [NUMBER OF GENERATORS = DISCHARGE RATE (R} + GENERATOR FOAM OUTPUT ‘Tho gystom flow rato he fota flow of water and concentrate per minute forthe total numberof genera ters required. Calculate he systom flow rate withthe folowing formula: ‘SYSTEM FLOW RATE = NUMBER OF GENERATORS X SOLUTION FLOW‘SECTION 5G ~ HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS. Page 56-12 LOCAL APPLICATION SYSTEMS (Continued) Calculate Foam Quantity (Continued) ‘The proportion rate for JET-X High Expansion Foam Concerrate is normally 2.75% (2.78 gallons of con- ‘centrate to 87.25 gallons of water). A modium expansion foam is usualy used a a rate of 2%. The rato is expressed as 0.0275 or 0.02 fr use in the formulas. ‘The system's foam concentrate and water supply shal be sufcient to allow continuous operation ofthe system frat east 12 minutes, Therefore, the quanty of foam concentrate requredfor a lacalappcaton system is calculated as follows: (QUANTITY = SYSTEM FLOW RATE X 12MIN. X PROPORTION RATE ‘Areserve supply of foam concentrate shal be ready avalable to put the systom back inservice ater ‘poraton. Ths supply may be in separate storage tanks or ginal shiping containers onthe premisis or Aavalable rom an approved source within 24 hours.EXAMPLE SYSTEM — TOTAL FLOODING Hazard Spectetons {pe of Profit... ombud (Fash pnt 100 F (8°) an above) Pate sum Soage “Wpe ot Bung... Ug Steal Centon ‘zaxeos20n a fant eacaxet hgh Spraleres Desig Deray 0.28 on? {802 tpmin? wits Po: ros zion ‘Sorage Hoh... 81. (24'm)—Mopalets gh Sytem Pressure. 0 pl (945 Pa) ‘sytem Deon once se ‘he Razard tea i a sore bling containing om bis igs nptetzd rome ‘The sorage biting i corsets ff sts! and nae vencese4) masse) ‘Ug te tomaton rom te cine’ sock sytem ‘eg (25 gpm? win foor area ot 2000 1) the "ve Rotrng m Tbe 1 on Pape SO, ne submergence sme forte wu tang wih 8 sr ‘ouuMte W) (excese Fe os he fora ar zd igh ot ss than 20 im ‘Thence he sutmergerc ole ang C= 12 (rom Page 86.) cetarmine the Foam Decne nate R= (¥+ Rs) x Cy x CL ‘Cusomer sales « JETCTS 0 Be usd in the sage bang. Wen 50 ps (48 KP) of peau satabo, ho ‘alu rom Table are 13/599 ch (289 mdm for (GENERATOR FOAM OUTPUT and 157 om (55 gm SOLUTION FLOW. Date he runber tne reaute Not, the caletons for fam quanti ae determined ‘hing the eee epson avn “Te quantity of foam conceneate for ou times te ‘mergencevlono (opon 2) stant wich mek oYeauod tthe 2 mite dsm (pen) er ts sleet an 15 mint drton Teele, th mn ‘ua of corcnate equred or hi syria woud be 50 gatos (068 Lier) of JETX Coren (pon 3). ‘Thre ica Yesowe supp ot foun svataia wn 3th Tori ecaton taro no adaton! son reede, nonce esse poping eae wh ‘eyuemnt, ona Ae cert Susy esto 1 Proportone, Sed System Flow (1628 gp (2377 am). 4 JETS Generators Boog (98L) EF Cercanate As Roques Teel Foam JETX Concetta ‘SECTION 56 HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS: ‘EXAMPLE SYSTEM - TOTAL FLOODING, ‘SHEET 1 OF 2X SSA ame) sang, scoen room se t4-t-— FECTION 5G F HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS. ‘EXAMPLE SYSTEM ~ TOTAL FLOODING. ‘SHEET 2 OF 2sf Ss a my et