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Moments of Inertia
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dA=(dx)(dy)
I y = ( x) 2 dA
A
y
x
O
dA
y
CG
x= Centroidal axis
dy
x
O
I x = ( y '+ d y ) 2 dA
0, y = 0
= I x + 2d y y ' dA + d y
A
dA
A
Ix = Ix + 0 + dy A
2
I y = I y + 0 + dx A
J O = J C + Ad 2
3
kx
kx =
Ix
A
ky =
Iy
A
kO =
JO
A
4
I x = y 2 dA
dx
I y = x 2 dA
dI x =
1 3
y dx
3
dI y = x 2 y dx
5
dA = (b/2)dy
dA = bdy
dy
dy
y
h/2
x
b/2
b
I x = y 2 dA
A
= y (bdy )
2
I x = I x ' = y 2 dA
A
b
= 4 y 2 ( dy )
2
0
(by 3 )
=
3 0
b y3
= 4( )
2 3
bh3
=
3
bh 3
=
12
h/ 2
x
dA = hdx
dx
dA = (h/2)dx
h/2
x
x
b/2
dx
I y = x 2 dA
A
b
= x (hdx)
2
I y = I y ' = x 2 dA
A
h
= 4 x 2 ( dx)
2
0
(hx 3 )
=
3 0
h x3
= 4( )
2 3
hb 3
=
3
hb 3
=
12
b/2
y
bh 3
Ix =
12
h/2
h/2
b
bh 3
x Ix =
3
I x = I x + Ad 2
bh 3
h
=
+ (bh)( ) 2
12
2
bh 3 bh 3
=
+
12
4
bh 3
Ix =
3
8
dy
h
l
b y 3 y 4 h bh 3
= [h ]0 =
4
12
h 3
y
x
b/2
dIx = y2 dA
I x = I x + Ad 2
b/2
I x = I x Ad 2
dA = l dy
bh 3 bh h 2 bh 3
=
( )( ) =
12
2 3
36
l =b
h y
h
h y
b
=y b
dy = ( hy 2 y 3 ) dy
h
h0
0
h-y
dA = b
h y
dy
h
9
Example 9.1
Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area shown with respect to
each of the coordinate axes.
y
y = kx2
b
x
a
10
y = kx2
= y 2 ( a x) dy
0
dA = (a-x)dy
dy b
= y 2 (a
0
a 1/ 2
y )dy
b1/ 2
a
= a y dy 1/ 2
b
0
2
y=
b 2
x
a2
or
5/ 2
dy
ay 3
a 2
=
1/ 2 ( y 7 / 2 )
3 0 b
7
0
ab 3
a 2
=
1/ 2 ( b 7 / 2 )
3 b
7
x=
a 1/ 2
y
b1/ 2
ab3 2ab 3
=
3
7
ab 3
=
21
11
y
y = kx2
= x 2 ydx
0
dA = ydx
I y = x 2 dA
b
dx
= x2 (
0
b 2
x ) dx
2
a
b
= 2 x 4 dx
a 0
a
b x5
= ( 2 )( )
a
5 0
b a5
= ( 2 )( )
a
5
a 3b
=
5
12
Example 9.2
Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area shown with respect to
each of the coordinate axes.
y
(a,b)
y2 = x2
y1 = x
x
13
(a,b)
A
b
y2 = x2
dy
y1 = x
= y 2 ( x 2 x1 )dy
= y 2 ( y1/ 2 y )dy
dA = (x2 - x1)dy
= (y
0
5/ 2
) dy ( y 3 ) dy
0
4 b
2 7/2
y
y
7
4
0
2 7 / 2 b4
= b
7
4
14
(a,b)
dx
y2 = x2
dA = (y1 - y2)dx
y1 = x
= x 2 ( y1 y 2 )dx
0
= x 2 ( x x 2 )dx
0
= ( x )dx ( x 4 ) dx
3
x4
x5
=
4 0 5
a 4 a5
=
4
5
15
o
centroid are related to the distance d between points C and O by the relationship
J O = J C + Ad 2
Example 9.3
Compute the moment of inertia of the composite area shown.
100 mm
25 mm
75 mm
75 mm
x
17
SOLUTION
100 mm
25 mm
75 mm
75 mm = (dy)Cir
x
bh 3
2
Ix = (
) Re ct ( I x + Ad y ) Cir
3
1
1
= [ (100)(150) 3 ]Re ct [ ( 25) 4 + ( 252 )(75) 2 ]Cir
3
4
= 101x106 mm4
18
Example 9.4
Determine the moments of inertia of the beams cross-sectional area
shown about the x and y centroidal axes.
100
400
x
100
C
600
400
100
Dimension in mm
19
SOLUTION
100
A
dyA
400
100
B
C dyD
x
400
D
600
100
Dimension in mm
0
2
I x = ( I x + Ad y ) A + ( I x + Ad y ) B + ( I x + Ad y ) C
1
1
= [ (100)(300) 3 + (100 300)(200) 2 ] + [ (600)(100) 3 + 0]
12
12
1
+ [ (100)(300) 3 + (100 300)(200) 2 ]
12
= 2.9x109 mm4
20
100
A
400
dxA
x
100
C
600
dxD
400
D
100
Dimension in mm
0
2
I y = ( I y + Ad x ) A + ( I y + Ad x ) B + ( I y + Ad x ) C
1
1
= [ (300)(100) 3 + (100 300)(250) 2 ] A + [ (100)(600) 3 + 0]B
12
12
1
+ [ (300)(100) 3 + (100 300)(250) 2 ]C
12
= 5.6x109 mm4
21
24 mm
O
24 mm
6 mm
24 mm 24 mm
22
SOLUTION
2
12 mm 12 mm
8 mm
dyA 24 mm
O
x
B
dyC 24 mm
1
= [ (24)(6)3 + ( 24 6)(27) 2 ] A
12
1
+ [ (8)(48) 3 + 0]B
12
1
+ [ ( 48)(6) 3 + (48 6)(27) 2 ]C
12
6 mm
I x = ( I x + Ad y ) A + ( I x + Ad y ) B + ( I x + Ad y ) C
6 mm
Ix = 390x103 mm4
24 mm 24 mm
Ix
390 103
=
= 21.9 mm
[(24 6) + (8 48) + (48 6)]
A
kx =
I y = ( I y + Ad x ) A + ( I y + Ad x ) B + ( I y + Ad x ) C
1
1
1
= [ (6)(24) 3 ] A + [ ( 48)(8) 3 ]B + [ (6)(48) 3 ]C
12
12
12
Iy = 64.3x103 mm4
ky =
Iy
64.3 103
=
= 8.87 mm
[(24 6) + (8 48) + ( 48 6)]
A
23
2m
2m
0.5 m
2m
1m
1m
1m
1m
0.5 m
0.5 m
24
y
0.5 m
2m
B
A O
C
2m
dyB
0
0.5 m
2m
1m
dyC
1m
1m
1m
0.5 m
0.5 m
I x = ( I x + Ad y ) A56 ( I x + Ad y ) B 42 ( I x + Ad y ) C 41
1
1
(5)(6) 3 + 0] A [ (4)(2) 3 + ( 2 4)(2) 2 ]B
12
12
1
[ ( 4)(1) 3 + (4 1)(1.5) 2 ]C
12
=[
Ix = 46 m4
kx =
Ix
46
=
= 1.599 m
A
[(5 6) ( 4 2) (4 1)]
0
0
0
2
I y = ( I y + Ad x ) A ( I y + Ad x ) B ( I y + Ad x ) C
=[
1
1
1
(6)(5) 3 ] A [ ( 2)(4) 3 ]B [ (1)(4) 3 ]C
12
12
12
Iy = 46.5 m4
ky =
Iy
A
46.5
= 1.607 m
[(5 6) ( 4 2) (4 1)]
25
Example 9.7
Determine the moments of inertia and the radius of gyration of the
shaded area with respect to the x and y axes and at the centroidal axes.
y
1 cm
1 cm
5 cm
1 cm
x
5 cm
26
y
1 cm
1 cm
I x = I x Ad y
= 145 (15)(2.5) 2
= 51.25 cm 4
CG
5 cm
OR
3.5
1 cm
0.5
5 cm
Y A = yA
Y =
1
I x = 2[( (1)(5) 3 + (5 1)(1) 2 ]
12
1
+ [( (5)(1) 3 + (5 1)(2) 2 ]
12
= 51.25 cm 4
1
1
I y = I y = 2[( (5)(1) 3 + (5 1)(2) 2 ] + (1)(5) 3
12
12
= 51.25 cm 4
kx = ky =
Ix
51.25
=
= 1.848 cm
15
A
27
Example 9.8
The strength of a W360 x 57 rolled-steel beam is increased by attaching a
229 mm x 19 mm plate to its upper flange as shown. Determine the
moment of inertia and the radius of gyration of the composite section with
respect to an axis which is parallel to the plate and passes through the
centroid C of the section.
229 mm
19 mm
C
358 mm
172 mm
28
Moment of Inertia
SOLUTION
19 mm
229 mm
d
C
358 mm
x 188.5 mm
x
= 256.8 106 mm 4
I x ' = 257 10 6 mm 4
172 mm
Centroid
The wide-flange shape of W360 x 57
found by referring to Fig. 9.13
I x = 160.2 mm 4
A = 7230 mm2
Aplate = (229)(19) = 4351 mm2
Y A = y A
Radius of Gyration
I x'
256.8 10 6
k =
=
A (4351 + 7230)
2
x'
k x ' = 149 mm
29
dA
r
y
x
J O = r 2 dA
Example 9.9
(a) Determine the centroidal polar moment of inertia of a circular area by
direct integration. (b) Using the result of part a, determine the moment of
inertia of a circular area with respect to a diameter.
r
O
31
SOLUTION
a. Polar Moment of Inertia.
dA = 2u du
dJ O = u 2 dA
du
u
O
J O = dJ O = u ( 2u du ) = 2 u 3 du
2
JO =
r4
r 4 = 2I x
I diameter = I x =
r4
32