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    Jap

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    Jap

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    6 views5 pages

    The Passive (1) Jap

    Uploaded by

    Oblesicate
    Jap

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    n-o4n: BHE Hester, 2H: 34, WE cmuomagic Banmorat. a A-F42: REKoth. ef EAT Ue EAE, poeltnneBons. SHES BECHCEN TLE T. tHOMEUEBE SAAR. AFAR: BhEbK OR, ‘OE dione, ame < Fassioe For example, if one of your cousins were a writer, you could held up one of his or her books and brag, “My cousin wrote this book.” In the same situa- tion, however, you could also say, “This book was written by my cousin.” ‘The second sentence, in which the usual direct object has become the subject, is a passive sentence. The first sentence, with the subject and iroct object in their usual roles, is an active sentence. | 32,20DHB/BABBIVE Ts formiedlas shown in the table. tron aolunn 7 5 Bo RoOns RRB ORASHS fog R5>Hbhse RE>RSNS ‘Note that when the dictionary endings 3, itchanges to 49 inherit tain ili cliopmsnamenanommaesmonaadagai'= |e crnin : sre om estes Japanese, For examplo, there is no passive form for 2 or BS. Glas et Yann: Yeah, Ihad the baby next door ering all hight, and I couldn't get to sleep until four. coxris: Thats terrible. anura: That's not all Just when T thought I could finally get to sleep, Iwas awakened by a phone callat five. And it ‘vas the wiong number! curs: That was really harsh, 32.3 The normal sentence pattern is ct fh | Niiszane Be | Passive verb form “50 DSN) Here N2 is the agent or causer of an action, while N1 is the patient or recipient of the action. i HSAKTOBCRSNELK. ‘Mr. Hayashi was beaten by that man. iQ =09-4102 (virus AE WE ck 3 CHR (discover) AKL. | This virus was discovered by Dr. Yamanaka. \ eal! ‘When the agent is clear from the context or when the agent's identity is | ie ‘unknown or of no particular interest, it does not have to be expressed. coms 7BR ca conELR. This house was built in the seventeenth century. Itis likely that no one knows anymore exactly who built the house. ‘You cannot assume, however, that all English passives will corespond | exactly to Japanese passives or vice versa. For example, Japanese uses the passive less than English, particularly if tho agent is being mentioned directly. The second sample sentence above, for instance, could be restated as Cam lac. He apie eat t © coosvasiitivtoRh en. et athe Lit., This virus, Dr. Yamanaka discovered it. oY pw particularly in normal conversation, as opposed to formal writing. Anothor example of the active used where English would have the passive is zoblicc= ho hose CLELE. | ‘Two people were killed in the accident. (Lit., By means of that = accident, two people perished.) Jomacitensy FECURLR persed, ‘itwould sound as ifthe ‘accent killed the on rose 32.4 A type of passive that is common in Japanese is the adversative pas- ive, The implication of this type of sentence is that ‘somothing happened and the subject was adversely affected by it or was upset about it. Note that the subject doesn’t have any control over the action. ‘The direct object of the active counterpart remains the direct object, in this construction, 2 WIE SED ICATLAEMSNELK. (Lit,, I was taken the stereo by a thief.) I had my stereo taken by a thief. @ BiB Giay) emENELA. (Lit, was read [my] diary by my mother.) [had my diary read by my mother. E ee Ri. | 82.5 An English passive can be formed only on a transitive verb, that i verb with a direct object, ind the resulting passive sentences are LOEW (annoyingly persistent) VAY VICSBARSNE Utes (Lit., was come to the house by an annoyingly persistent salesman.) Thad an annoyingly persistent salesman come to the house. ou Aves WBC BICTERAE LA, (Lit., was died by my parents when I was small.) I suffered the death of my parents when I was small. Remember to use this construction only when you want to expross your displeasure at what has happened. When you are pleased with another per- son's action or have benefited from it, you need to use a favor construction. 79F4EF 4-H] © PATOS : OL—-F— (KEM SEMEL. (Ihad water spilled on me bya waiter.) | Ril: men, eoxKY. ULehh. E>LE0, Ba: GRE, 9x-9-ckeMsoneAce, RA: FS, a am: ENUDAKRDNSL, EAKNTLA [2] | EARSOOESNTWETD, (What kind: of things are made?) Answer the following questions in Japanese. ee 1 BROAMMEAICHICK 2 TH TONE LID. 2 BIR OM CLE ite HMO < RENTOUL DD, “ankoiies entiing

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