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    16 views83 pages

    BK Dutta-2

    Uploaded by

    Kshitiz Vaish

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 83
    na i wok OnE. J. 470May Se re \ LE Se Sr 541979, 2) i me. em 27099 } 6 Gas Absorpti | tion ee Pp and Stripping | ¢. Chem Brg. Progr» AOE: 1995, 72-81 jis a mass transfer operation in whick | ose ch Eg Pr ah. 1966 8 (xan seam by con Wd hich ns or moe si lt) i ered Sta Em. Progr 308. 1999 seri isnot absorbed is called the car insoluble components) preset ex inte ws erg) Por example i he proceso ib alps win asa sven sch an ron nn anu san’ In E, Chem, 28938) 98 A ela uss hare an ager akanlain te let. A a a, se aon te gids acetdin sate ment or dev ie peed eae eye es eT commas a ap rds in Chat, Hew wl co he bss pc Pie, Wily VCH, New York: 998 i tn ping an dal withthe clulatons for ing Seige sSsorgtion or stipping es Fr em nega pa of many chemical process Examples ae tamer 1a ar te of thm, Many india as aspen and prcaion poses: a i and Nien (1997) an Sigh (194) I eesing fa tt he od anton i hot confined tothe alm of the poses indies ol Peet Pca rm iin the vs expats f wa on he lace feat cps aa oe. When we bei, oxygen fom asin ood Tsien aan aepion Inman situations the bored Es aso undergoes cei acon ere pase For example in cae of verening fms te ahve hese Hee cerca race othe asad 1S. The rae of sorption o 2 & doercralycteaced consumed bya chenical reaction ath igi phase, The posse heer ea shialaborpion’ es itngised from physica abortion Te te ‘dees not involve any chemical reaction. Me eens ot corpo sell “sort! ot ‘avipng’ Ti sey Trp vagoen ts oaefreat ex solve, hte ose dave se i pn, By dese, we reve he es Smt ave. The een en and Neon give a exe reali gas abortion systems, Wile Kohl at rrmaton a ips on proves dest a ced the sal) ‘eon ee an a ror example tra So eat othe remind rete sere A ne aie can fccoyeanmn Se sn an yet i gn wai Pa cog nn on Se cy Pe el estes bt ned i Os emp ment NH nea Te caries oun 2 er Cs Tare pn ot en th ren fe et coe 2A RNCOO™F RINT | Fat mcokcy annie (FR =, 0H, i Stacie: RNCOO = ea soa o se Ne ie et nema AD FST fat oe way we oe fn! os (een Asoo sk be + ow ny a ows ey A wos ins mca ned cr es pee power enum a Fee Se Sects ayer Dow ate ‘aa corse ee ese es he ea Gy Comanens ‘motte opin vel me memare Gee Aesth abe vey epee andtiertoner nef eS at ne Toma ot ero es [=a ea Gaels by pea 201 rt a ig cite scan ne he in es es very convene Yenc he sped mise ce hn aad ar ara peel om be ee ate by dtlion An inet ps ike Nis ao ames oe oa Sree 4 MINIMUM LIQUID RATE FOR ABSORPTION eerie 47 in sca ps sorb La rfoep dL Be hel sn a on ae me sl ao ton a bc ve een = ee re ree pel ape soptn cinisies n e ay eect os oie eee cg ei iy sy ros cr torn Cake ee eee cen be ie Soni eee nooo Seen tas eon ae eon ec poe Re pene w dei td mvt Ci riche on Pe eS te cel mnt bce pon 29 oh eb G4h,- ¥) = Hh -%) wy Bo Me concentration ofthe slot inthe ex slat unit) and hatin eset (ay pied athe top af the column are kaon, hr sl ein wo unkown gue — Tandon o these quate (sty) td, he ter can ead om Itt alin gion ven hs a vena Tseng incon ot ing and jing the erin points (X,Y) nl 7) 0 te X-¥ ple. The dope he peng Une L9G, Two types of eo ines ad et eprint ‘ps thowa a Figures 62¢) and 6200 1, ced (ea owe ude “oe dereass andthe operating ie (POY hing ne Hie ermal he pt 2 aes ero the elim line [ee Fgure 6.2), The ving oc wl ee Tecan apr cig of packing or get mor f ples (f= Ws we {Ste povided to achieve the denied dere of spraion, But ne aout sh Se Tue dtl As the hgudrat ira ese Fen hewn te wren ing et pA eer neni sonar sn totes ters cen ea oar terra tek tanto sos oe Fg) aw eect = Tite en maybe eens aves aac oF yl eal Oo mh etn te Os oa ne dae 727 Be dope fie PO bg te iene meee i he vag force i oa a sich ot cy We icine lit oe be eich crue te el ig il umpossible: line ike PQ” Da no PO" te pag Ht minim gd ae sn exp at nd ot We ep rei or te Sse be ho the minimum bquid rat? In de . en son we rite aon ie — Se naa Te eee ote construct steps between the equi. Anmanate Br er iz nace ar Fee rio, anny er Fe ic ne oy ieee Bee oo snic hops ofp cee er Be eo coe ra oe See ‘pest ti rp spas jamin snerpr ssp eae in id it i Fes 621) a 6206 fr ppg. ge 621 eer ine ps omnis 7 Tecoma pr Xt tn Boop) tt hoe hn ine ap whch he 0 i fe pu Ard iu re nS he opertig nec Pee Geng pe Th ine Fuge eis uc 1M be pa gay So Spe ee nr = ee 2 a a ae fh fuente eat ay wich st sn. Pe it ea at ce ibe in) which aed he ph on 620) ras ig sr Cane pb w dow nope wnltat Gt be ow gue ain of ia A ne me epigse oe ope of eter te he a eet pach i a Spe mo age 6 eres am Tc 8 Se ede recy oie ton ti singin ine oe Scton rote ea am te obmed peo Steric the 1 ear nt er rin) But we wil ve me peony oe pc pan. TS es eta ce he inn a er pane src in sample tee rafal ner "=e nica men say yng = yan Fa ell nese, Gn ph pout is (3), a Peo gtcte| ete iging nb deminer wn. Ao, thas ob ated ten eer ted can Ss nm at rag temining te callie at be we. The ats tha gree the ile cased ac Hower 210? meso ian nd” Salar te practic Stemiing te pe snp il neesing ane clerk the shape of av equi te dein ofthe misma solvent ate fer pas absepin isapplabadi'> Ihe uli ine oo the ¥-Y plas tn owas nde pinch pt coreponding vo he mtn he tom ofthe owe One ahr an, im Oe eric lcnpsian beep operant ear eect sawed sear no agua pour ras a aim Ot ic smowns an somes of he to pe Fe mar manure ad 0 man xl pes) Wane babe (2 er te ad the compotion af nial vapor?) 1 sal ay rine hq sie cmpontn oe st ap ee 2) Tre cei mtr fe comps a table pol of 1H, Solution feted ance rm cma 1 i 60m ips The wa ra of mmc i sompent and ocala he coespoding gid =n APE tn P= 159087 ~ 2789010 ‘sing Ba. 7.5, alps, P = 760 mm He = C138) + (= S81) = 0287 “ama aii ‘i. inn me er et gan ne an i ca mga Sok wane he eso de a mi pa ap em nas be A) te ee em pi da el ed stmt pe it lot Sch» ip ti _ 398 Sim. fe evo he havior pine wn at ol prs Tei ae sf a ba oa cna mre ps on 2 con owe Ft Tecnu chara mis in ome ent ia ante nc te ne fis separ om ai of ment na at Bt vapor ded 8 io 0a 03a mtionponn mc) Casi mle pa a0 mo ch a soe ie he vr ese ion 15 Ka oa) + ayaa) + aoe = 1 = Ke OI a or 625 ba: a 035H6 sans ees ec am, 1 =050012- O° aes ait B78 ip Choc fe ot ence ee i ere im sme Sam cara cs — bye as) pees De: ‘ont te anges in 2 for canon 2 ea eee wel mr pt ree mT a ea ag a cannes ee the Were atest (150) Aros abe ane come < Seater ne wc sprain Sew i. Te om Meese seled yb hse The pee ia Esa i i i po fa apr mize) Cale MS wa rin 13 oe peta), 29 ooo et male npn) br lps: Ras "igure ee compet he sep mec wih of apn mist. Te molec in tna 398 the fee coment Se vam) 13 pasar 125mm = ree oa ae ae 78 4) ce oii ot een OT stots 6 2078 = FO) = 998 mm He = 1 is i) = PUSHP'G) = OBVTAILS = 05985 “sagen be a EE cee ee 77 he ese Rvs check 180) ti Sy, 01s, OS, Fr Di teas ai0* aor sass pn (SE) na ances mee session seen near a Tete mtinecnvr n Fae of cemgenent oe peal IE ie. a een ee —— eink = nei ite hone eS ae rene ad say dy to (1717 be prema i above moder ea Sn be uken nn scour andthe fags coe Tae vane epation of te ince d=pen escent Arend ae en Seceeeeetce sesame See Seen 172. ENTHALPY-CONCENTRATION DIAGRAM. ‘cane in cmp ae ng dace is empl» cone hip Easy ccna gn id pr pases net (atin case Fru pn espe Tan cence 3 hg se! (Sty Hane cna ne wig cn M=eyMeE~T9 +4, 78) dct yma cin eho hit of es ino ln Te cg rca ecco vem nacre The nao a) etc a See mace ‘toot penne or meth 1) i ss and nega sont ea a | | ene Kh of spain 1 Nal oc rae neo on Seleion te eae y wie. 1 rll a nip. coseron atl ert: Ton te ete ee Th eh steer me ea sea fe eens Fm ee ee Fm a 020 68 292, Mit jin 20 he sain, Me = 020458) ee 8. oe -19-192- ia = 09112902 jasre ft equim ¥apoH: yp een oe Pg + 1288 (0252622 ~ 5011 sy? ir onsnn? ra a one uncle. Some of he aes a a ten pein Fis 79) tm 8) + 5501 oe = in feo tao 1 we my Eee wa) sown it Pe Sr ere rpmers 3d (4 pot om he ce I eatatuiepor). A pin i he epon sone te iach apmc it porsche FH cure A i a eens ace phace apous-lgoi! mix, THe ype pete represen bythe pit compat the eine Lin Fis 70) hon seine by he enapis an comes) itn wc ised oes e! epee pint igre 752) eee lb flo and ina nx be conte wit ed kre ny reheat sn en? am aa) on pane and Hs is mole esi reprseed bythe pins am gees itor en ethane Te ese ay ti =r sae mining P fom 7.20) and (7.20 up Pages 794), Soe pats Mand P a i Mr ay we inary LIC sept obo sand anoonad ema Fes a ept o th te n g {Smpstion precede tN "ic is revetment hy ‘nc the pine of he re npr stain au ast DSTLATIN Scio arene erie nr ap eS ep me os eet38 Strate tn Hen A ef. sn need wp pn sila) an te Don iad Pret Das ys Va pes an Qs th rte of PP ere long neil nd ccry balance xaos Le cate Psy 38, phil conuction an he " 03s) emir Feed and - =1 36 ieee ort a etter tr a ae 77. damian woud al ash two pases W may spel BER irs 25 ms nxn and 2 wal sre. Wie ten compote Scr Te hee rsh prio Cale i tiny _ 348 ‘igor rte ofthe eer to components are: Pl) = 27 ban 2°) = 15 Tbe ct tt he gto qui coma ae ye = 465220 = 2306 25 (The Kale can ao be dine rom Fe 7.8] } 0a, 3 =036. Seni = 02512336) + 404685) + (03810525) = 1200621 ince he condoms of existence of mo pes Es (77 and 38] tid the i mnt pass The nctom vapors ibe cael sohrineE9 .38 Bet Smasey 7 Omse7 “ToT tne slate of the stove equton gives he vpizton rai, f= 0812 Hae tamt-s DW and j= W2 = S12, Wand D canbe ety ced. The oe cli nt apo poss ean Be one om Eat 1.4) a (7395 - ae = te 0 : ay = ven eis casy toch hat 3496 <0 for pov ales Gin xt es Bane 1) S04 1s a wig slutioe within O< 6 The ros of Eq (Aba PS ltinge Ie the Newo-Rapbson mtd isis Tae Agen rr shot eatin 405 = ne a em re 0 St con Se recent el ci ee re and Bae miscible, hei oe en em oe aps presse lhe va Sis tcpee of ch a mitre over han te Pe Te rn pee oan iid mse fms he base et rhein efectos atc tar vapraot istescicop ch ry egret on Od 2 ape comeney wd nt ein me BE tel fem 4 latin. Examples: decoration! rey i peo fel le 4 afaabie ike pein tate ns sm Dita 384 Se te Tk es Hess Eon eae, “ee ving nec nn mee a The nance As imi wih water The fed conan Aad races fm Le ee pour pres of Ath perting engerne Fe e aom 1 cl and be he al ete, Soe A (tg cps an B ae Scan ce Wa Pe te mel apc De msm fe ns oi ye el % Ls oa rhe vapazto fficency wl ngs betwen 6 nd 09. ton 2) eb a isan eset i of omen cst charged wih OS ns Siena comsnags sa ann! foe ae eis Lite a “Hos oe soon eh ie ele ee enc 0.8 Vapor pear of wert 05°C ES et inpie21t-T20m, Piisinmm Hg ane souton Solutio sen eqn, vapour peste of anil ot 108°, P= 748 men Hi j= 1.201 bar» (1211/1.0139760) 908.7 mm He 6 ecular weet of eal My = 154.1; moles geri the fed = sate kool x Se aad ae me es se isetie with wt Eee eee eee Reaangasiaec tn Wraoet macnn We fee 0 acu he Tee wan Po Se etre ce ra Ai el comma re om Te Vrriaton eeapemictnnn = 2 = PT nese fy ee tof olton oe cay anise) Thy ilopras of rae eam dion The ser ca? areas ol as pr tn Reh Dn 353 Solution resureof canl t105°C (kid om he tov on, a Sag win 27% oft Mal wt oe oof Soa 5 BATCH DISTILLATION (ALSO CALLED DIFFERENTIAL BISTLLATION OR RAYLEIGH DISTILLATION) lena sta san me = ae i eat a bccn vies te feist eae 2 cia vay. Two css bas diana dea iim BS a pean 77 Teche of 4D A ey ee 4 tes Serta ms i he i a i = as eetare cts ions Eaiparssioes abe ng orn ite) =D tage dD ot» dd ~s eal amen apr genre eau ats oa cer iat ecm cosines il he acon PW dampening ese gun can be gr 0 ae si an stan sds cat ne a cishsaton it) ae vale blac fom, te ri ie of ial antic elon beter «and 2a Ftp telat voli cof 8m tbe Bey te ofa el uo) he rato tence fr fo Ey (7.80) in he rights of lg fm E780) 3-8 Gia ee aa a Cle ert Diao Rh tin) 385 “The inegal can be expen an alent, nd soins ue conven fam See a We Waa) ution (751 inves fou utes, Wp and any ee hse Ea tenaing oe ane Te ce oie pn) ced ie ‘ = Fig= Dow + Wey mad F=D 58 a EXAMPLE. 10 (Simple bh dan) hag Sila “oenzee baring $3 nl fhe es eae be t-te) 125 ml ‘elton toptand and coneed se he tine, clei he concen ‘Teale date) the comemeaon of he scene rit sound ‘Sof henecoe. acl amount The lave vols of Dane nthe mE SetEe" si) ner: moles of ed, F= 50k fe secant 1p = 1-035 = O45 ( Dia iol, and W c) = 7 Poing the vals in sohing, we gene = 0218 Conposion of te dite collec p= Y= [O8] Ps retake, 50 =D» W Renee alas, SOKO) We + NOT) »{( sree \e2)- wells wim Amount of siine, = FW 50 ~ 3085 =| 1715 kmo asi i hy He Tosi of he ed mire se pon tlt hat wold be ence te maxes 2:1 ar ri eben nthe ne ll asi a jaan tie, Sie he so aon ie i Cee sr nae conan Ansa 4 ce of oman fet in il he ieee a tng fd le fea wih apa s(a—natee Heal 0s 094, 0996 Ae 05, = 1 our = «= [05 ise tee fo by mai y= [035] fe in eatin Te canes 7 EisTinscas tata te eye ssa e neon a at ff erin te wil a aon A Cae etl an ee Dany 357 yn me ie Th ae i te om sere cece egret veh aged ee ce wea oa ‘Soren mata nen me cna Seon Fr the compen de as 3 ae a5) hom Ege. (758) 19 7551 er he ‘his sto cn be writen fr pose pis wih he upon! 8 comme pfu (eee) =[oney os) ala dae) tne a) 050) oper wth he con 5+ 44-4 cae Be med a ‘Eieraponct hatch ilaon pole. [XAMPLE 7.1 (Mice uc an ii 0 es aE Rar Eola Qt aed ASO TS 3 el Nn ne man acne fe ie. Tae eK, ‘ean base sa we 50) = Selon Sota, pe fle of te coments (03 (en ee Da Te a epee ging (> ak = eh uate mle fino are ees sak hee bale pit emer ciao Earle 72a wan te Koa ge reo mcan of mpentane removed = 90% of 0.3 hol = 027 Kl. Pestns ei ne = OM nn sa cece com waka on ECT ® ee (eal Le] ee coma ot em 3a ees octyl tl med Ca Se en hl ee 4. ret po lai Sine he a mer aa ave vic vo clang ata fe sn cm ga a ge ves of ne he ing it cnt con da ie ee Yaa (a or ee soon errant ese Ser om te seers on vas eri his jes he Sas unter of meso Ue ee anaes oem ar ran cae Ce) Sue a of 8 Ceeeenor ee fom rer acs. nse Sei pcsnn on re ime prpng nah am a 6 023 rs arse, = 08123 O37 2 Hones psi ene of 95°C: A it a on = 2001645 = 0437 and an) = 4.51 ogee of Tews scare can st ting ee aes i a core eaunopas=[oTStanl} a = [05350 hc fo he faerie of °C: Tt mero cs eo 03 + 01175 +033 i cmp yams 000%, «011780482 30 4s Sete amet 19°C ohh ee cnet eee) iResasaceeapen vine reas scars et Hoe gg INO» 203.981» 195 pe Fee 78) 91. The Kas fr apn | y= ASH = 040, ay = 1890.39 = 4.14 =04, ay= (604 + 478) = 54 POA = oy 6m + 4752-5 Toe ves of ae sete (oy = 0 HOU aol sy = 0337 a “pee vals me pe ln he evo ima. The tl moe fe ill ae Tain: = aayoas16 om «10 16 CONTINUOUS MULTISTAGE FRACTIONATION OF BINARY MIXTURES vo wlvely pe prot ix very fin doe in 8 i i ay te con ewe i ce ep is of com sand concerns fe Vp le BS ea gua Fx seo angen we iat si a gn fy a ne The ed GS el Ice compen A ad BA ts me Sa aie Te ad sean fla vn ok cen et vpn seam a it ENT oon oy cnn od he RS SS a rm ey pe hs Pe ae am: of Bie a fe, Te Pec als Bee aa y a phe gm he bon ay Se aa Sane ee oprah be one nt Se nts ony asa amount oA ses beurson ay iii a $0 nor mt i can re tae ome 4 “hn ogee Pe, ni bn hos 7 Pent Ah ind bcrentn nmin Teens ese pi. cnet ot mele fei Ts mete parsed or pred ty Sse cee B im omc Sot ein Fem pricing ton oe on tt arn Peete cr eel rained o a ei ty os Chen) tty pe Bab on So schon ae dais piipl ofdgn ste ison er, esl seta lnpit ete unt dacs me 0% ompion end ste of the fr Te ake ote Io may Ye emp, jes pr. The fc may a 4000 pe to hase mar ‘De dee veurton i minty ermine the poets da fm he con, Esa ‘tl i cesig aint megs ns) ele re tl eng Sin anigh uy yes eq rs ing 9%) roe al elspa, Boye eer uy oben 909 008 ‘oneh fer med fupes Thee be eared eer fei, ee +The reflash comnts. Te ato ote fs ek "pst op et oc emf rai i To at The efieny of span gen by he ay cminous maine Gas he a. somesioh 2 Oe a orien mae 0 wore deg vats opr einer Sih ered eect enemies a egies em domingo i a fons of pe ge el se PS ah Sie enn ingen a ae ‘Coc A and ats ple om cack nyo oni Coane oe ne yc upon ieving gs se la cosa Tce mr uc rie ee fap, Ak aore by wane fie $0 a aT ta ae pan gt ie ee a “Snosage ec aaa gene pene ama Freres few ila cols it ate Shown in Fre 7140) dl sry tan Vy = Lal + Dil + Oe an) Ln + Dro cosy Lit Dia + Qc ss) Tua mates ala ow om) ry talc Tatlan' Oa = No ins * We oss) roe om Component A bance Frp=Dig We 290 ry tae: iy + = Diy + Wie Oe amy A mt aes ar cue ap a Ait tan nen ope a ee o aces aiid Se tcc tm ofan fa we 9 AE Cae ue 109), May competion bods an sels a Fane congener Slaton probes Howey gel OSS entree sane ae eee ree ccbe Tic etd tt he moa cing Soe Tn 192 med at ee a ees ry cations he nen ncn mewn pes es 0m ae ct rr ate sarees Forse Te ci ak wing maha et Ko fe ln Mata epee cmt ow rs aed VV he cos ae Meee wl ppg cio. Se he fw ales 3 et Peet em cfr ne nope rs oD dP fetes pn Srv comer ones or gen hn stay smgecnest vet Tero Sn pce em) era rss gid png econ a) (1) beg perigee maer of 0 1 fp ml ce of compen A i apne peg cago mv, the designer ha sl 2 ae ie an og Spe, 9 DE ‘Seon pe fe Sgt LAMPE 7.13 rowing he opr) i ose a a SS eee tec wo be spate commana 8 33a Se 3 a eld ane 5 ma of bce a eam at SS eae ice stra bud ad eis io 2 rane sci ni eo le pt) Oa nt it fe ee oe Me sre colon Hane Wea SE Ted Su aro te opting pres of 10-3 KPa are ee ee 00 mae fe composition. Mn postion te = Ot Meenas =mistmit mt 1202 nt palgD= 201/94 y= oin +1) = (9192 + 0 be ver ees ot a= sitet ea pae meres he vapor ate fais on saieing sto, Be. 775) s 1, —0mn04 ® nn te ing ici i i een eer yaa Dee ote 8 03) cl a ssn at so a 0% aan a cine hon gw Th an origin) eh rte (QOH 04) and asa aoe of S08 Tis ines own te The fede site eed eters he column te Haid and apt flow es eee ad cy bane eins xe he at wich be RED inmanced ett deste his le by he i Tee sng i ae om om ea Fy + igs + Vie = Tag Veg O79 tte ase thatthe chmge inte etal of pase st pe rh ee Sia we ean we omating He whi Haga Mig= he a Hapr= y= Be co roms Dates Siig th eons (779) B78) Pl + t+ Wie = Eth Ve Cb, = CV +l — ity Fle y= 1) He - Meat Moh HM ere et fly 289 sf ico eto th cn in eee an odo srl peu oat Sa apron othe sat Th Pesertg tate pin net id, «= 1: iti eprops Beer ete aimrsine miatr Tid dwten ¢erens Maint Sot ges arcane fe "qa of te a ern essing nes eying veto nd pig ston, Pek 12) wd 070, Mt post freon). Welr+ Dip eeu ed sng E770 Phy =D + (Dey + Wey) = (LD + Foe sy hots (27) Filing, and xing he dfn ot @ even by ash in sing tp i igh (the point) on th igo CA inte fe ad Gi . fa he poe of nterstn o Hoe B= where 9 ste quality of he feed os Hed ssn by Ea (185) i completly dscrited by the Se EE. cont dts by orn ying help ofthe ed ine. he he esl pn teh oth pit yy he 18. FF the feed ine may be mowed (als Cov ne ras ry Mans 36 (He tel i an be spf ee i ini by Te fed storied aps ¢=0 athe slope of the ed ine i er, Soh ed tee hrzontl in thogh Gr e) Hike Ged mit of gd ol apo of 3 pets vapour ofa bed Th he spe fe a ie cane cle fom heap Sand a CAD rain of fe ines ue dierent thermal condos the fesse in Example 4 EXAMPLE 7.14 (Drawing the ed ie or iret ed onto) sie Rete eas pene comaning Sle: bree 8 bested ina coinous olan pen a it peu Daw he fed ne fr the alloying fed sondtions (stig, st) Aaa apr (©) 8 ass vapau (0) vapour at 20°, and) bid SC shares evant data ae piven follow: Benne average spe heat of Said = 146 ho of spor #576 K: heat yaperizton = 30770 isl Toe Ms Ute het of tial = 170 Ho K, of sone = 1243 EG ea of ‘penton = 32,120 hal Solution Soetion sive by B.(7.88) To daw the ine, we ned oko te valve of The es Tne mas ps cist gy ote (0.5, 038) stich is on the dana ent (ar The fod is» sanrated liga So, ¢ = he fraction oid nthe fe he spe ote feed ne = lg ~1)= V= The ot ine is a ein ie in Fis ne Fon Fig 7. fty The eed sa saturated vapour, q=0 and te soe ote fe i sz: Ts ed Ac Toe fee in 68 ass vapour, So ono Sere, ts ee cones ee (©) The fee i 65 mas ean sed nears) So q'= 035 ante ee Lins ese masa. and se Shan steep on te ais — eT) (SO fed = 05 es awn th he point (88, 08) on hey Plime al (ay Th fer sa sapere vapor a 120°C In scale he ane a (ad nc oe cata) rs Me yan He ened MS ram Ey 5), The val voce ne ne lee, Using Amine Se cathe ehh on ing 0% bone on eel Sua Tle 7.2. the bbe i tia 90° ie calsaon of the bbe BO eR the sto ie lgas 90°C ws te ference ae fr cannes: Td Solio (4) assumed oe 27 naps of the Kad For he oan 3 ans in by a8) He= is babble pit (T= 90°. at St aot lon es npr y= 00 = ME a Ieee S30 + 9117600)» 0a eh From 6, (74S) the mere onthe rae = lg = OS8/.2 = 058/12 = O48 we Site drum tough (0.8, 08 wt tec on the an WS mate Feed tray location andthe numberof del trays The ett step of apical costton 0 determine the numberof quran rays oe et asi {Tayo qua fora specified degree of separation (ie for pei vans of. sy) #8 eytine feed way This i ilusated im Example 7.15 and Fur 7.18. The ecg ee jetne tne DE s dwn trough te pot D i) with a inercepe xs 88 seen tren eed sa strated tig, the fed ine FV i veil ine trough eit Pe the feed ne FN imerecte he recfyng section operating ike DE at Mf. The ist 1 cee Te gad on the diagonal WM joined to ive the tipping Seton operating Hin Th nc WH when exe, snferscts the equilram curve at Sand the line DE wen The muir of equim trays determine by se or see construction betes he ‘euiltsu curve and the operating ines se Example 7.15)-The bass of sah sean PNET Secon 02 The point 9 es on he abi cure wheres peat reese ies ont operating ine, Construction may tart from eter nd roms D3 ‘5)" te one otto ty). When the Feed ine i crossed in cour of comsrastons 3 vengeover om one operating inet the ober s necesary, Tis means 2 ans om seBins tote tnpping secon (or vce vera). For example, stating the sage Soman (Pom inptat Din Fagre 71a) we sould make «changeover rom the upper open (ehh ter afer tay number 5 from the op. The ep consrcion sould esas Pree ce ine coment in each tay. So the sith ay fom th tp is the opin feed a “Fae tage const ollie) shows hat he mum fl tages eg 7 ‘Pail constuction does on giv an ner manber of aps in act ae So eran te repor the numer O eal ays asa mixed fection. The Men bbind sta ‘imma numberof teal tays ix determined aftr considering wy fficeney, Usual ‘Rhover ary vapacs the iu rom tbe lowest ry, Becanse gulls vapor a a ee eccubl spe, he wae so asa ay, 0 tena {faye ant conaraction shown in Figure 7.18) is 7.8 including the reboier 6 ‘trays and» reboler re require fr the desired separation, ome “The above disassion Joes Hot mean that the feed has vo be iol ‘optima feed tray" Consider the staieae constuction on Figure 7. super The mole fon of enzne jn the Sted vapour in fie 0S8i°= 0% Pang y= 0.78.7 eapour emp.) = °C 120 enol aE (7.19) the ease at 5 el of ease a 042 ko open a sted °C and en mix Yo gt oe ole : oan) mesen over to the lower operating lin inroaced on 0 0, cosa ety ye rf ten an es ete ee Pevntctematensctoro a Tees st Seats tet is Se cera cient 2 Speen cK. tobe nn pm = i nb pes Te Jalon Bowe otek rd m+ we! ed 3) peers Ee pera cmon On 1 ar cnet Avie eet Pt eae Tal crs bs fren ese) . aca Teed a bubble pis and he oF a 13 uggs) Demin te ons: ee iis dave Gine:y= 096: 0 an FOSS, 045) ae acted om te IE sl soar fe sm Fn eos regione on sear Eh ry he Kear cuation maybe wed ssning he prea ray) cam of 308 a Pei fepacaaoppcYaing 96 ole ethanol el ay St oesera xy eine” 40%, On whic ra 1 felt cmpere ole along the olin (8) cola fia ed aynamber 3 fom the op able a he be ices on he veges is colun sxe ft ore mhano-watersysem at 101.9AFaare het “62 $2 00 059 009 079 010 080 095 18 ise m9 oes 7 0915 sch 0378 18 mami m2 mos ME 1 ry Mat _ 3 saints ln on te pias u's 1) OSU at al at NTs ead oped tne eo pase a aed eed samadhi “pon nc et ee ie i pt The ras Mand Wat st Terrie no te no ese wee tars cd Tne wom fel e238 Ni preity) Meee ancotrhente {ey The temperature o he mh ay cn ine from he aes Yai ven BO fhe mantel tges—Soker’s equation [cee nin ws vd by Sok (1938) t0 aaa, Pepe tecption o ory cre if th eave vay fee is een (CMO) crue. Snoher used simple coord fataasy dion ite ewer teu concentrations he 0913 fy Ses gui ens othe Fee union inthe mit R > = ote egal cise ail oo Sine (Couso-Rihardon’s SY Bhi, 25, pp. S12-S15). Appctons of Smoker's eae eons wily rept the col. vo sila HD =O) te cl i una "al ix Te ee ini No pact sda rr the eb ce I feck ote column. Soi cou oak tte old nt be any ow of fe 80 econ operating ine i 28 +1) fo R—2 = thee ponte diagonal. Trt: ‘te open cies ithe agonal So doe he ing son peng in Ti Oe cgi sain) sates cnecien ee os oa a SIRE tas peste herent man ser ofaaeeoschenen nen son Da “Sesh sitar Page 719 Tol en ry fe ed a a 8 ‘SSE ure scat st cio cata Aer comin fe fom al PO estan Let Nate mae og eel Nene the im ap i) opening ie wich si =i i ES SSIS RATS mCP pen tm The deri oe crane Sine ns te tinge ch pot La te TD wm ve anh te mt sw ne 0 We a ‘Sona hy say) DE te aching sco fo he po MW pneu mcg he Seneca vgn mga vty fA spe oper oping ine decane, Dt he fe uy eyrning nw Dy he om “cn ed ie Now henge ese! ap eb me he efi «Jot ep atin ine DF ec he fd hema carve The ng fre ae a he pet Ms sor cereal ys med abet he given sepaaon wang ru he mmm ve tee wt rng ne il nee to ne a Mone se Tere he mania et a yf id . se yn ven ow sa owed os De Pop hn the gona ey Fade Pm ence a comin 0 th a i ne yi Ey Find ou he rie Fy doe ra charged int the eee ee sand. The et ears eh Pt et sfc) oo tion fe iae (Paste 72) a te ae a rg sap fe ar peer te ene See ony rica. a foe eno pent ignite conte teen aa ft io) inary stsin of 60 wo fap aig 96 0 A anda oxo prot omtnng 7% fd, Deter he ris pen stam fapativiem i fre syste tbe opertine comin «are (ian 106 607 6 tm 000 0.56 0m 0m 10 The eet ed te pnts 096. 095, 1006, 0.06) 08 FOS rn oes the envelope sw i Fire 723 Pig 72) The et ie sere tug ne pnt Fe re th the lt tea P= 055 one xi W net i wth poi er - he opening WI nt ering even cannat 1417-0 " is does) she ower par of the ci Since eno or, =. Teton tch pi Tis appre bec te we PH exit ine gh he Pi pada meet he 8 a et eerie ep 8 0) ‘ge over operating ie. The determination ofthe Mn iste in Example 718 etme ine = e718. When saa sere. heer Se pecrcsce noose maw om “ln An aquens solution consining 40 ma mfsan kool per hour wing open iam a the sue of Seren canel nd the oor product mk al = 225 Top priutconcetation, 1p = 096 Peat ncn:mcepon te yasis = 1K + 1) = 0903.25 = 0295 Eqns gin the vapour ixture = 0; fed concen FS tee gig 1)= 05105 -0 Liss the answer to prt () of the prob = lq -1)= 0405-1) =08 pases trough W (0.05, 0) ies Example 7.15] ae plotied on the x-y planc an the dagonsl BSUS IN 0) adh fed pois F088) are sed eh Fit an eof 08 om a 1 a mccain he oe). Te rein psc 0.2550 yi Tis ie PD is the ripping section operating ie thi, WD [y= 1944007) lamer om the operating ines (we sar rom thet 2) arte feed ln crossed. The mabe is left as am execs —_ soe Mating Fastin of iy Mies —_ 388 Tmorde to sll he steam rte we uve se the lowing teil ose “ol mates ae: FeV ep+wo3m+7 «Dew o oy #710) = Dap + Woy = GoOyOA) = DOSE) + WOOK) Tui Now atin he tipping etn, = W Cosa te no eile DV =wif =1969 7 «0siew Gi) Shope of he open ine of his sein por) oe ‘De smete h n ech sing he 195 (y= Hi) = DUR 1 AD 0 «(ERT ] eof reflex blow ts bubble point se oar rn th py may omens be oe les se 7 a edb tne si ok One SR re ra ar ey aly The ead eee) spb Ne ag aces a Te vps eV fs ee i ed ow me oe rece len ESS Oe hat ete edo cnn om be aes: AAR 0 sera wn (= LD) cess eating her 0, Lae 0) = LaeMAda 0 apne conden = 5 “ee were speci eat of the ein (HK "C) sri at ee ae a eo serge male of evga) Ten eee MEL 100-0), 9 = UD an _ : spent ing sin peri ster ofthe gape! oman ey mes eS ihstaed in Example 71. 2 Ips ace i Chapter 6 ony pac never. 1 tie Eater ies eal ea yw ng te Se eptee ay eMTccncy Ey 1 give gh om aay 6.) = Fy wbich i the verical distance between wre ma Ferm net a ecg rt Bynes tne sane wen gh Sa nina nr Me ing aera Tis eset a Earp Fei he Marple eicieny ee 40°C sto be sperte no 1p pg thot mre than 4% of rth. The ape er Meat sere tthe coluna SUC ane a demine (the umber of rel ys for i Sou bth eat ty of the rbot andthe aes ference sttes—pue lui OR aon srt ux (95 al meth (45 male ethan): 10.530 kako bet Snead $470 Kean: c, of wate: 18 Kall Tavera vals over the (operate age) Pe ek OC dof “ld ref at S0°C are sequel forte enh el um heen aif he rc he “sta ete ben epics of these sltions. We assume that sala fun a concentration. Ira fas ro Tn sine om E91 Te ee a 19346650). pool! wo 7 “Te imecet ofthe retlhingtetonopering He 0 the ais = + 1) = (0960.9) ‘Determination ofthe number of tps: Glen x9 = 096m = OOK sp = 045: The a ped ah) esd he agonal ee Th pts OS, SuaMiRdon 00h, and OSS, 4) ae nee The fed in i awn rghit 0 An os he as The opting ine fore ectying ecto dw oe i cit an cnet pet pring ie mest PO pn ot Ee et tbe oe ene Th il een as nt = 22s[t- ee = ae) tector edt teagan EO said ser te an acme the pend qui ie (me Mute Feed a proc witha Tew feeds of silerentcompostins a Fava om the ay of matching commen. to be eatin corm ch Sia poet ts epi ay WHR Of Sd rene oe eas insane gang Soccer, Bre ntems 72500 se as ofthe Mw rales of the ee aa en es a ofthe coun betcen ta = leet a at sa vl many ore ot ae ete Det Sees oon olecohaereas feed and producti ata Lig, with 1765 mole fad the Boros ms ot hve ing 6567 mole mthanol iste the pny 3 satrated il ta petting lines () Fd the numberof ed trays and also he ay from which uta atte operting resea ‘sare. The clam is sketched in Figure 7.2) Get fel F; = 100 side ear, $= 35 ko. Reto ao R= ihe cs sas i chown in Figure 7.25). Ter ae 8 Sil vi. ter we our rains Sy oath egetons ofthe operating lines, thei Pin wee aa The mail sans caus FJ an @| =] era aap sree) dn crn cet am cre yan amount of =35 il val) Beco aon of te sess (81) = (ene the cond fed peratng ines; Th ii ow ate of Seon ‘ed 1 (nich is 8% liquid and 20% vapou) the iui low ee ta nin Seton i ud asin by 100 kml Secon TV The igi atin Seton 1 a= in Secon | ifthe dreamin feet scons and he eto he peti Hs Same ets of the eaclaon aeaen De Omaing i esteem = th + 1) = 0961 tl = SE ea ate 0208. 7s + Ow pi ie Fee 720 having oe es tei ne rector he ocala OST TaN ae png ine hava slope 0156 Xapour concentration pies te Imoment are the sam athe Sena tchievable nde ena onions, It is easy to understand that if the ref eld constant, he dilate ones 2s the dsilation proces. So the cl persed til the Gili iy remai steeptble limit This elle the com Gpcefon. Atemavely. te refx oie Gheeased so ha he product concent Constant for sme tins. Tis le reflux operation. In practice, the com Spero sere commen, 1A ‘Constant Reflux Operation amount of liguid in the stllpt Jas 8% liquid in tLe. q= 0.8. Feed lne-1 has a slope of ql(g~ 1) =~ 4. Tepes Le te one oe i, (04286, 0.4286) onthe diagonal. Its equation is y= 4x + 2.143. The pit the sttpot decreases by dW mole. Fe Of the fed line-1 and the operating line Il is (0.3813, 0.6176) = line IL sans at £(0.3813, 0.6176) and has a slope of 1.4576. Is equation 7 I8. This lie meets the feed lie-2 (it is a vertical line since ths feedi® Join E,W to get the operating line IV. and the steps are constructed between the equilibrium i in Figue 725(0). The numberof ideal tay is [78 Mcate-Tie constuconl he ruber ideal rays for mull eed and product wihdand ‘An important point needs attention in this context ; , is t. The fixed cost hi it of rupees, ‘etc, but the operating cost is based on unit time (rupee/year, shniyeasetem 0 ie then? Without going into details, we can divide the fixed cost by the equipment and then estimate the ‘total annual cost’ realistic Pe cost’. A more i Gallatin should take into count the interest rate on various cost items, if necessary. In actual practice, a reflux ratio of 1.2 to 1.5 times the minimum is common. c 4 7.9 DISTILLATION IN A PACKED TOWER Distillation of a liquid mixture in a packed tower is preferred in the following cases: (a) vacuum of 1ow pressure operation, (b) low capacity or feed rate (©) Email allowable pressure drop, and (d) corrosive service. A packed tower for distillation is essentially ‘similar to the one used for gas absorption. However, the tower should be provided with a distributor for the feed at an appropriate location (this is in addition to the distributor of the reflux at the top), besides @ condenser, a reflux drum. and a reboiler. ‘There are two methods for the determination of the height of packing: (a) from the height and ‘number of transfer units (Hg and Ng) and (b) from the HETP, To derive the design equations for the le of the packed height based on Hg and No, {to Figure 7.34. Let us consider the rectifying ‘Constant molar overflow is assumed. liquid flow rates remain constant Let the flow rates (based on unit Toe divide mss trast cat tobe noted that equimolar coun 2 D 3 i hight ro the ttn of in dus lace equations fr the mts Pa P ere. a= vay Dae -¥4 = bee nah =v oun Fe Matta = Hats aMdh= Ue aa enone ots fm te lid wo te egress nthe Kai phase increnes per ge iis oe (tthe py roe oy be ectiig section, The vale of Ml canbe calculated if te isknown; Nan be obtained by mtd sre pete ay (711, The interac! vapor concetatee Maren) we mgr forthe america itegration. Te cla fant flowed for hs prose, From Es 117) 0d (11h 6 HE = 22 Compare with Eq, (4.10)] a. forte ectifing section canbe written fora gves ef esperting ie td drain of slope - (ak ath ie ie ind eoetiients remain consan over asco flow asd ot vay over ection, ich ies emanating lin ae pale. Ths, for set of pois (ty) 59) resid for integration can be obtain. Ta "ie = Pini na Poser 8 “The packet ch can lobe determin ing the oneal oni a) The ee ciety pig N= 9) na, Glee a) We assume that the heights of oer ante is, Hog 8 Hoy, rela eons constant over he seton, The uber of vel gu pse eaud aee aaert e ferdtrmisd by gpl itegron, Crespening wa pit 3) he operating Hes Fone dinate ofthe pon verte stove tothe equim sures te abun 8 in onthe guia oe hao lef (9) Ts the values for ast of wales Fry Gre <9) can be Otel and Nog cn eanted papiclly ef mel as exchange bree he pou nd the lu pases elton ty comme ty the eapour phase reste. Th or te sae of accuracy. ade eal the tcked hight tring the saps coffin! oowing the proces dese in Seton 643, itis pons coms he igh of inverts o ba he height fa oneal afr ui. Thus Het Mis Remit. lope of equim ne) 7.123) tis sbvios that he slope ofthe sali ln vases with compesion. Even if land ‘ema constant ovr a ect, lg nd Ho te abl arian, However, an avenge value ‘anoe tse. A similar proce uso deerine he parked eight fr the Sipping section EXAMPLE 7.25 (Determination of packed high of «dion ean) Ris tie lamine (1) nd wit amine (2) conning 40 moto higher amie 0 ia packed dilation column (da = 0.75mi) trae of 2000 Bah and at 3 ol (OF 1133 HPs The top pdt soul ave 97 mol of detains ad he boom ‘6 mol ety lamine. The fed is ts buble pot and the eis rato wed is wie the rnsiman. The Indiv volumetric ms waasfe oes ae Reciyng seta 0 anda = 170 km : Sipping ston: Ag 278) and KE =200 kno? “The eqilbvum data for the system at he sven presse ae available (Bitch Hs Ker Z Plait. Chem. (Lepig) 219 (i), 1962, 2281 Nie 1 0 0@ 010) 0am7 03k Ot sO ONS one oat 04s} om aed OTS Ost Solution Molecule weights Mj = 73.0; Ms = 1011 Averige mol. wt, = (O6X73AB) + (4101.1) = 3 Molar feed rate, F = 2000843» 2872 kel Goon. Me 709 = 7007945 p= 942 me zm pee ees Kah el rat y= ein ibe sipping section, 7 4648 kmolh, 192,097 2 9* feisor' T1592 ne Wepases trough W008 0.0) and he Mfg sion operating line > y= 1285r-9q em Bia rer ns No canbe obsined by csltiono ey iy seed fo this purpose a Pectiatie SHI 70=-275 are can been te pe eng son tn to alos ofy ada aikya = ~750/200 33) tego in or ie sppine set. A few seh les of ~ ate given below i 087 0 0m 08S an On oes Om Om aM aN i: a2 0ST OR 06 oun Ome OMT OR OM O28 OT tony TMs me wa awe tal Rm. _ cme coy pia gan owning 73 Teas Reciyng section: No = 2 wits sipping seton: Ne = B57 unite “Te ales of Ho fo beth he secon ar eid inode to find ot he cola eight Iticto be noted th the vapour flow tte he te in bth he secon, bat he oleic pour pase mass wafer coefficient ay. The column ia is O75 mW ersesecton i aan ‘Vapour flow rate = ¥ (Won = Wika = 888870 “oul packed height of the two sections = (049 m0) + (042 m2) = [ER] even theoretical pies ae seed fr the separation st shown in Figure 73a. The avers eight ofa theta plat (HETP) forte packing under te given condone HETP = 61/11 = 055m ‘Theconcp of HETP (also Chater) widely se inp tower esi Experimental nao the prfrnance of paar packing re sometimes expres interms of HET athe than the olumeutc mss transfer coeficets I the HETP vale i known the packed Right ee deeming fom the excused number of teoreiltays rei for he separation. the ameter spark column seal fom loding considerations a ws. AS the RON ‘ese in the two soto iis aia estimate he diameter ase on he lager 0 Ines fr a safer san NOTATIONS yx sci eat of component A igu) > ate of withdeal ofthe die athe tp of oluma, Kah By + Marproeeficency, Bq, (093) F feo ate, oth We ight ofa vapourphase mas wafer ait m 1H, seg of gud- pase mass ans i Hh, eatbapy of guid, Keane ys eat of vapour, Kel 1, bea of soon, kalo 13 Crystallization sox On hing te ers ae moe terse ties ga oe con ts Ogun ofthe comercial sae the paises maybe signin te a eet estar mt a ee ee ee sme fe s apesion of SUM COLA th eysizticn kes PS gluon remaining after removal of : se ant nce i oa ns ca ; eat psi ton cas Series rts Sis cp i ae sete a — spe sequence Cibo e al, 2001) shown Stones er P= ol = Weea1 oe Gn Ps si ent. eso se mc : JW abe cyl izes a mensre of the spread ofthe ett gona gelity preter of crystals and is defied ey nag =e as ag inv wey = Las: Le a ans ccm mas dn con cs ma yl Tie lager CV. ee fs SMP hd occ 4 CV of FeV nal cscs hve CV vas om funtion is known in the form ofa EB ex 6 determin the coffe of variation CU wid cto dbution of an MSMR 14-367, Ws) = 088 = x = 59; and WU) = - Ct ren ‘The lnghaverse ctl inte (0 and), ample 13.1, de CV te vo important gaunt wd wo de the quay ey pra fe Sai era conenrae ae 1354 Sizedependent Growth = 1 ed ot hey te MCabe a ch ya el ea romaine {row we bave oneal theppulaos ance ea, Ey 1318) ae sg ae Seo ico a Ua ge bon ents = = fnaiehiet «0 ase Hrmoie Brergaiaet aman ‘The dit fom an MSMR colin canbe ed 0 etme he sin-dependet outh uncer an he plato est) prance fra prea sem fm te toe ego 1355. Growth Rate Dispersion « ‘ren whee pce athe ue enema (Le tte same ee of soperstaton, apeson ‘iy utulene temper, ces, fo expe Care (1985), Wie aus te Howth tes all ensue! pheremzon Sock aiaton he roth ae yuan cd the gh le dpeson One of the mechani a award ep th pemoo the random aston model Rendle snd Wie 197) hat ais the fromthe spon to la fabio 9 Maw and hd eb 135.6 Crstalsize Control « [An ide” MSMPR crystallize ge «pric of wide sie dtibaton. However fem ‘datos pcan Bes tery elec to predoe crystals of maT > aR ‘he thee! pipe nding any sich wale iso conto the residence ine of he ifthe sale parce tent slowed to emai the vessel or og ut the a nea the pot wl coin more of tgge cyst ad es fines. This Bene te Sines oot gt sutien tine pow sath pplation eibaton changes in aoa fast {us Tne common opin can ee ingly rin comsnato, (dole d= ‘ft (DDO), also called lear fin ovetfow (CLO) or sear bald advance’ (CLA GD ‘emoal with destin: an (i) cased product rena . Inthe dole raf wrt (Fgh 1.1), the nae impli, wo Seas fom he cuizer 1) seat” steam having nly afew fine ysl tm ine te of wiv of ey met Mage rss tine of te ena cee a ess somite ana DD0 ey i F eee epes oe Ses em can be reduced. This helps in ia a cn oe ete ned ae Teel ect Th pa arr rom he Dom of he wa ee ‘ fines removal and destruction a i Pans ina eat exhnger sd int th esliaer Feet :2_eryzet wth es ro at of , fm + ower tv 1 may ented ta ton density iste same that nt ote ay be xed o this cave hy taking no ecm «ast al ___ onan 4 PRET DE MO=0% 6c oa ROS ESE Fa (10, a pruning ora YRG +0KaL = VEG, 0z6L+0R1-Hy-o)-Q Ith ln a ple vol «oy gat yt a9 ‘Soe ssn pt rene eR volt =, + Om a. = (r+ om «Fr z (339) 3 f (0) Hie, t= Vi, average esse of he prodat or underoath a of a telomeric to witha (0, + 0.) tthe oleic ae of pe itl Fee L2 ty -Vo" Qn = 0 san, ‘he imertion const C) can be decried hy equating te drat ection sen By ge (1340) an (1341) a Lyne the dsb use Gonian a = Lp Ts, ee 3am (3.2%) ‘The cumulative weit faton stron othe cyt having the above umber dey arb nea by compare wth [E1320] foram MSMPR crystal he allowing ‘xpreion, I sumed ta the nas ton yas Bing ie

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