Chapter 11

Kingdom Protista

The Protozoans
Eukaryotic, Unicellular, Microscopic
Phylum

Sarcodina:
lack standard body
shape (flexible plasma
membrane- allows
constant shape change)
unicellular, some
construct or inhabit
shells.
Found in fresh and salt
water.
Ex: Amoeba (do not
live in colonies)

Contains endoplasm
and ectoplasm
Single nucleus
controls all activities
Contains contractile
vacuoles- regulates
water in and out.
Movement endoplasm
streams in one direction
creating a bulge
(pseudopod). This
movement is used to
engulf food.
Pseudopod means
false foot.
Reproduce asexually
Other sarcodines are
foraminiferans,
radiolarians.

Phylum Ciliophora:Contains
Thefunnel
Ciliates
shaped

Possess cilia beat

rhythmically to move the
organism or its food.
Most are free swimming
some covered completely
with cilia. (some in
patches).
EX: Paramecium
common free swimming
in lakes/ponds.
distinct slipper shape
w/pellicle (firm flexible
covering)
contains micronucleus
and macronucleus

indention w/oral groove.

Cilia line the oral groove
sweeping food into mouth
then into the gullet
End of gullet pinches off
and into a food vacuole.
Reproduce in two
methods
Asexual binary fission
(mitosis)
Conjugation exchange
genetic information
each divide into 4 cells

Paramecium

Phylum Mastigophora The

Ex: Euglena- spindle
Flagellates
shaped organism- has a

Propel

themselves
by means of a
flagella- some free
swimming, some
sessile, found in
salt and fresh
water and in soil,
some parasitic
and pathogenic.

single anterior flagellum

for locomotion.
Contains chlorophyll in
chloroplast- under ideal
conditions-survive by
photosynthesis.
Also saprophytic
absorbs dissolved food in
surrounding environment.
Contains eyespot near
reservoir. Contains single
nucleus w/ large
nucleolus.

 Reproduces

by binary

fission.
Moves by euglenoid
movement draws in
cytoplasm into round
shape, then extends
out, propelling itself.
Other flagellates
volvox, trichonympha
live in the intestines
of termites- produce
enzymes to digest
wood.

Phylum Sporozoa:
Do not have cilia,
psuedopods, or
flagella they form
spores
All are parasitic
involving several
hosts.
Feed by absorbing
dissolved materials in
surrounding area.
Reproduce asexually
by forming spores or
cell division; some
reproduce sexually.

Ex:

Plasmodium
sporozoan that
causes malaria.

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