,2011

:90

,.
.

1
1.[1](persistent)HTTP;
(nonpersistent);
: ,
.
:,
,.

2.[0.5]portalwww.sportfm.gr(..
) DNS server, domain .gr,
;
DNS server .. cache IP
portal.

3. [2 ] TCPfriendly ; TCP
link;
TCPfriendly: throughput ( bps)

(lossrateL),TCP.
Links Long and Fat (LFN), TCP ,
throughput ( L).
.

4. [1 ] TCP
. TCP
(idle)
t1,bytes.,
(applicationlayer)bytest2.
TCP
t2 (congestion window)
(slowstartthreshold)t1.
: slow start
bandwidth.
: ,
bandwidth,
( )
().

6. [2.5 ] R (bottleneck link)

TCP. link.
TCP.
, .., TCP additive
increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) additive increase constant amount decrease, .
,
bytes.throughput
; , : )
bytes,)
bytes
.

additive increase linear decrease.

, , . , 1
()bytes2().
bandwidth
.R.

2[3]
netstata:
Proto RecvQ

SendQ

LocalAddressForeignAddressState

tcp0

*:mysql

tcp0

*:smtp

*:*

tcp0

*:imaps

tcp0

*:pop3s

tcp0

*:http*:*LISTEN

tcp0

*:ssh

*:*LISTEN

tcp0

*:https

*:*LISTEN

tcp0

52

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:ssheagle.telecom.tuc.gr:2839ESTABLISHED

tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:imaps193.92.221.13.dsl.dyn:50603ESTABLISHED

tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:imapsfading.telecom.tuc.gr:53560ESTABLISHED

tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:50978jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:mysqlESTABLISHED

tcp0

101

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:pop3sadsl7556197129.ds:63975ESTABLISHED

tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:54339fryne.telecom.tuc.gr:sshESTABLISHED

tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:39997orion.telecom.tuc.gr:sshESTABLISHED

*:*

LISTEN
LISTEN

*:*LISTEN

*:*

LISTEN

a) ;
b) .
c) ,
.
d) ,.

a) jolie.telecom.tuc.gr
b)
LISTEN(mysql,smtp,imaps,pop3s,http,https,ssh).jolie.telecom.tuc.gr
databaseserver(mysql),emailserver(smtp,imaps,pop3s),webserver(http,https)
(secureshell).
c) ESTABLISHED(
)LocalAddress
(jolie.telecom.tuc.gr)(ssh,imaps,pop3s):
tcp0

52

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:ssheagle.telecom.tuc.gr:2839ESTABLISHED

tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:imaps193.92.221.13.dsl.dyn:50603ESTABLISHED

tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:imapsfading.telecom.tuc.gr:53560ESTABLISHED

tcp0

101

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:pop3sadsl7556197129.ds:63975ESTABLISHED

eagle.telecom.tuc.gr,193.92.221.13.dsl.dyn,
fading.telecom.tuc.gr,adsl7556197129.dsForeignAddress
,4.d,jolie.telecom.tuc.gr
,mysql.
d) :
tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:50978jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:mysqlESTABLISHED

tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:54339fryne.telecom.tuc.gr:sshESTABLISHED

tcp0

jolie.telecom.tuc.gr:39997orion.telecom.tuc.gr:sshESTABLISHED

mysql.
sshfryne.telecom.tuc.gr.
ssh
orion.telecom.tuc.gr.LocalAddress
(socket),ForeignAddress
(wellknownport).