8-1, The following information is given about the simple rotating loop shown in Figuse 8-6: \8T Vy=24V I=05m R=049 r=0.125m @=250 radls (a) Is this machine operating as a moter or a generator’? Explain, (b) What is the current / flowing into or out of the machine? What is the power flowing into or cut of the machine? (¢) If the speed of the rotor were changed to 275 rads, what would happen to the current flow into or out of the machine? (Ud) Uf the speed of the rotor were changed to 225 rads, what would happen to the current flow into or out of the machine? (a) If the speed of rotation «of the shaft is 500 radis, then the voltage induced in the rotating loop will be Eq = 201 qq = 2(0.125 m)(015 m)(0.8 T)(250 eats Since the external battery voltage is only 24 V, this machine is operating as a generator, charging the battery. (b) The current flowing out of the machine is approximately fw-V__ 2SV-2V _y 54 R 04a (Note that this value is the current flowing while the loop is under the pole faces. When the loop goes beyond the pole faces, ¢,,, will momentarily fall to 0 V, and the current flow will momentarily reverse. Therofore the average current flow over a complet cycle will be somewhat less than 2.5 A.) (c) Ifthe spoed of the rotor were increased to 275 rad/s, the induced voltage of the Loop would increase to ey = 2B qq = 2(0.125 m)(0.5 m)(0.8 T)(275 rads) ‘and the current flow out of the machine will increase 10 Ca-Vp_ 20SV- UV 7 R 040 875A (a) Irie speed of te rotor were decreasad 10 450 rads the indeed volsge ofthe loop would fal 10 a= 280 as =2(0.125 m)(0.5 m0 T)(225 rats Here, ¢.,, is less than V, , so current flows into the loop and the machine is acting as 4 motor. The current flow into the machine would be 2V-25V 040 fo =RISASnitgly srt Retro he snp to ple ih sol machin chowm in igre PE. The owing infomation i 8 sheet his ta B=10T insirgan 11 cng of cil ies) 0.08 (eadasof cols) [700chmin CCW (a) Ite amature wing shown a propressiv or reopen wig? (by Hom many cue pats re the deg he rma ths mein’? {c) What th apie an th panty of he ope at th rsh nts machin? (i) What teammate resistance R, of ts acne? (©) If & 10 2 resistor Is connected to the terminals Of this machine, how much current flows in the machine? Consider the infernal resistance of the machin in determining the current flow (P What are the magnitude and the dreetion of the resulting induced torque? (g) Asstuming thot the spsed of rotation and magnetic flux density are constant, plot the terminal voltages of this machine as function of the current drawn from it(a) This winding is progressive, since the ends of cach coil are connected to the commutator segments fahead of the segments that the beginnings of the coils are connected to () There are nwo current paths in parallel through the armature of this machine (this is a simplex lap winding). (c) The voltage is positive at brush x with respect fo brush y, since the voltage in the conductors is positive out of the page under the North pole face and positive into the page under the South pole face. (d) There are 8 colls on this machine in two parallel paths, with cach coll having a resistance of 0.04 Q. “Therefore, the total resistance Ri _ (0.03 2 + 0040 + 004.0 + 0.04 2)(0.04.0 + 0.042 + 0040 + 0.042) 60.04 D+ 0.042 + 0.012 + 0.012+001R + 0012 + 0.012 > 0012 R,=0.08 2 (e) The voltage produced by this machine can be found from Equations &-32 and 8-33: Zreobt where Z is the number of conductors under the pole faces, since the ones between the poles have no voltage in them. ‘There are 16 conductors in this muchine, and about 12 of them are under the pole faces at any given time. 2xrad min = (1700 r/min) 28 Lm 178 eaars abt _ (12 cond)(0.08 m)(178 rad/s)(1OTMO3 m)_ 45 5 @ 2 current paths " ‘Therefore, the current flowing in the machine will be 25.6 0s 24108 254A Rit Ra (‘The indueca torque is given by Equation 46: Zein, _ (12 cond )(0.08 m)(0.3 m)(1.0 T)(2.54 A) i a 2 current paths 366 N-m,CW (opposite to the direction of rotation) 8-4. A de machine has 8 poles and a rated current of 100 A. How much current will flow in each path at rated conditions ifthe armature is (a) simplex lap-wound, (6) duplex lap-wound, () simplex wave-wound? SoustioN (@) Simplex lap-wound: (>) Duplex tap-wound (c) Simplex wave-wound a=mP =(1)(8)=8 paths a= mP =(2)(8)=16 paths a=2m-= (2)(1)=2 paths ‘Therefore, the current per path is ‘Therefore, the current per path is ‘Therefore, the current per path is pa MOA 54 pot OA. go5a Fy WS hx a 8 ae ite a 28-5. How many parallel current paths will there be in the armature of a 12-pole machine if the armature is (a) simplex lap-wound, (b) duplex wave-wound, (c) triplex lap-wound, (d) quadruplex wave-wound? SoLuTION (a) Simplex tap-wound: a= mp = (12) =12 paths (>) Duplex wave-wound: a=2m=(2(2)=4 paths () Teiplex tap-wound: a=mP = GY12) =3 paths (4) Quadruplex wave-wound: a= 2m= (2(4)=8 paths $7. An eight-pole, 25-kW, 120-V DC generator has a duplex lap-wound armature, which has 64 coils with 16 turns per coil. Its rated speed is 2400 rimin, (a) How much flux per pole is required to produce the rated voltage in this generator at no-load conditions? (b) What isthe current per path in the armature ofthis generator at the rated load? (©) What isthe induced torque inthis machine a the rated load? (4) How many hrushes must this motor have) How wide must each one he? (e) Ifthe resistance of this winding is 0.011 © per turm, what is the armature resistance R, of this a In this machine, the numberof curret paths is a= mP=(2)(8)=16 “The aumber of conductor is Z =(64 coils)(16 tursdcol)(2.conductorsturn) = 2048_ (2048 cond)(8 poles) ~—-2xr(16 paths) Tiga =99.3 Nom (0.00293 Wb)(208 A) (4) This motor must have 8 brushes, since it is lap-wound and has 8 poles. Since it is duplex-wound, each brush must be wide enough to stretch across 2 complete commutator segments. (e) There are a total of 1024 turns on the armature of this machine, so the number of turns per path is 1024 turns 16 paths N, 64 turns/path “The total resistance per path is R, = (64)(0.011 Q)=0.704 2. Since there are 16 parallel paths through the machine, the armature resistance of the generator is, oe as gic toa 120 v = GOSS cone)(§ POE) (2400 min) 2EHA min a6 paths) Tr “0s 40,960 ¢ 9 = 0.00293 Wo (©) At sated load, the current flow in the generator would be 1, = 255M = 208 a 4 ="T20.v 74 ‘There aro a = m P= (2)(8) = 16 parallel current paths through the machine, se the current per path is 1, _208.A 16. a (©) The induced torque in this machine at rated load is ZP Fu = Fer Oh 88. Figure PS-2 shows a small wo-pole de motor with eight rotor coils and four turns per coi, ‘The Mux por ‘olen this machine is 0.0125 We, (a) IF ths motor is connected to @12-V de car battery, what will the no-oad speed of the motor be? (b) AF the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the rightmost brush on tbe motor, which way will {€) If this motor is loaded down so that it consumes SO W from the bater, what wil the induced toque of the motor be? gnore any intemal resistance inthe motor.)Soumos (a) Aino load, Vp =E,=Koe. IC Kis known, then the spoed of the motor can be found. The constant Kis given by 2 xe. na ‘On the average, about 6 of the 8 coils are under the pole faces at any given time, so the average number of active conductors is Z= (6 coils\(4 turnsicoil)2 conductorstturn} 18 conductors ‘There are two poles and two current paths, so 48 cond)(2 potes| 2xa 2#(2 paths) “The speed is given by 164 og 12 ~ Ke" Weayo.o12s Wey 125.6 raavs ir 6s Bed Tmin (©) _ If the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the rightmost brush, current will flow into the Page under the South pole face, producing a CW torque => CW rotation. My, = (125.6 cad/s) 1200 efmin (6) Ihthe motor consumes 50 W from the battery, the current flow is “Therefore, the induced torque will be (7.644) (0.0125 W)(4.17 A). 40. N-m, CW 9, Refer to the machine winding shown in Figure PS-3 (a) How many parallel current paths are there through this armature winding? () Whece should the brushes be located on this machine for proper commutation? How wide should they be? {(c) What ste plex ofthis mucin? (d) 1 the yltage on any single conductor under th poe Faces in this machine ise, whi ‘he terminals ofthis machine? fs the voltage atSouvriox (a) This isa duplex, two-pole, lap winding, so there are 4 parallel current paths through the rotor. (b) The brushes should be shorting out those windings lying between the two poles. At the time shown, those windings are 1. 2, 9, and 10. “Therefore, the brushes should be connected to short out commutator segments b-e-d and j-Al at the instant shown in the figure. Each brush should be two commutator segments wide, since this is a duplex. winding, (6) Duplex (se above) (@) There are 16 coils on the armature ofthis machine, Of dhat number, an average of 14 of them would bbe under the pole aces at any one time. ‘Therefore, there are 28 conductors divided among 4 parallel pas, Which produces 7 conductors per path. Therefore, &., = 7e =V, for no-load conditions. ‘8-10, Describe i detail the winding of the machine shown in Figure PS-4. Ifa postive voltage is applied to the brush under the North pole face, which way will this motor rotate? Sovunion This is a 2-pole,retrogressive, lap winding. Ifa positive voltage is applied to the brush under the North pole face, the rotor wil rotate in a counterclockwise diction,