494 Chapter 10. Differential Amplifiers @ © 0 [Duc to a manufacturing error, a parastig@2410.57)) student has mistakenly used pap cas- resistance, Rp, has appeared in the circuit SS code transistors ina differential pair of Fig, 10.78. Calculate the voltage gain, is illustrated in Fig. 10.80, Calculate the voltage gain of the circuit. (Hint Ay = ~GinRow) Figure 10.77 Yaa Figure 1078) Figure 100 10.56.Repeat Problem 10,53 for the circuit *10.58-Calculate the voltage gain of the deger shown in Fig, 10.79. ‘erated pair depicted in Fig, 1081. (Hint Zi Ap = ~GrRow) Yoo Figure 10.79 Figure 1081"10.59. Realizing that the circuit of Fig. 10.80 sut- fers froma low gain, the student makes the modification shown in Fig. 10.82. Calculate the voltage gain of this topology Figure 1082 ~10.60.'The telescopic cascode of Fig. 10.38 is to ‘operate as an op amp having an oper loop gain of 800. If Q1-Qs are identi and so are Qs-Qs, determine the min- imum allowable Early voltage. Assume P= 2p = 100 and Vain = 2Va.p 10.61.Determine the voltage gain of the circuit depicted in Fig, 10.83. Is this topology con: Figure 1083, 10.62. The MOS cascode of Fig. 10.40(a) must provide a voltage gain of 300. If W/L. 20/0.18 for My-Myand jayCos = 100 A/V, Problems 495. determine the required tail current. As- sume A =0.1V. A student adventurously modifies a “MOS telescopic cascode as shown in Fig. 10.84, where the PMOS cascode transistors are replaced with NMOS devices. Assum- ing A > 0, compute the voltage gain of the circuit, (Hint: the impedance seen looking. into the source of Ms or Mg is wor equal to Vgnllro-) Yoo Figure 10.84 10.64. The MOS telescopic cascode of Fig, 10.4i(a) is designed tor a voltage gain of 200 with a tail current of mA. If HsCor =O KAIVE, Hyon = 50 HAIV?, 2g = OAV Hand ay = 0.2 V- determine (W/L), => = (W/L) Sec. 10.8 Common-Mode Rejection 10.65. “onsider the circuit of Fig, 10.43(a) and re~ place Rue with two parallel resistors equal to 2px places on the two sides of the cur- rent source. Now draw a vertical line of symmetry through the circuit and decom- pose it t6 two common-mode half circuits, each having a degeneration resistor equal to 2Rep. Prove that Eq. (10.175) still holds, fhe bipolar differential pair depicted in 10.85 must exhibit a common-mode gain of less than O01. Assuming Vi = 9° for Q1 and Q2 but Va ~ 06 for Qs, prov. that Rele < 0.02(Vs + Vr). (10.218)496 Chapter 10. Differential Amplifiers Figure 10.85 pmpute the common-mode gain of the MOS differential pair shown in Fig, 10.86. Assume = Ofor My and M; but 4-4 0 for Ms. Prove Age = 5—aholse yt. 1219) + (Weis — Vito where (Vos — Viir)q., denotes the equilib- rium overdrive of My and M2. Yoo Fo Fo | y Vint Vine Vordhaus Figure 1086 Figure 1088 10.68. Calculate the common-mode gain of the circuit depicted in Fig. 10.87. Assume 2. > 0, 8mro > 1, and use the relationship Aaa, Va Figure 1087 10.69.Repeat Problem 10.68 for the circuits hown in Fig, 10.88. *10.70\Compute the common-mode rejection S _ Tio ofthe stages illustrated in Fig, 1089 and compare the results. For simplicity, n glect channel-length modulation in My and ‘Mz but not in other transistors. Sec. 10.6 Differential Pair with Active Load 10.71.Determine the small-signal gain a/it in the circuit of Fig. 10.90 if (W/L), = N(W/L),. Neglect channel-length modu- lation.Yoo A Fi +Aly Yor Ya Yoh © Froue 1009 Yoo My is Vout 1 A Problems 497 Yoo Ry Ro rARe ns [Yao Yea Hla Vas Af My » Yoo tt, iy ®t Figure 1092 10.74. Consider the circuit of Fig. 10.93, where the 10.72. In the circuit shown in Fig. 10.91, f, changes from fo 0 y+ Al and Jp from fy to Jy ~ AI. Neglecting channel-length mod: ulation, calculate Voy before and alter the change if (a) (W/L); = (W/L). (b) (W/L); = 20W/L), Yoo 4, Me Vout 4 ny a Figure 1091 10.73.Neglecting channe-length modulation, ‘compute the small-signal gains thu/iy and ‘yu /iz in Fig, 10.92. inputs are tied to a common-mode level ‘Assume My and Mz are identical and so are Ms and My. (a) Neglecting channel-length modula tion, calculate the voltage at node N, (b) Invoking symmetry, determine the voltage at node ¥. (©) What happens to the results obtained in (a) and (b) if Voo changes by asmall amount AV? Figure 10.93 fe wish to design the stage shown in Fig, 10.94 for a voltage gain of 100. 1 Van = 5 V, whats the required Early volt- age for the pnp transistors?498 Chapter 10 Differential Amplifiers if the collector current of either transistor changes by 10%. Assuming Veo =2.5 V and Va = oc, design the circuit, (Hint: a 10% change in Zc leads to a 10% change in gm) 10.82. Design the circuit of Fig, 10.96 for a gain of ‘50 and a power budget of 1 mW, Assume Vin = 6 Wand Veo = 255 V. Figure 10.04 10.76.Repeat the analysis in Fig. 10.56 but by constructing a Norton equivalent for the input differential pair. ©10.77. Determine the output impedance of the circuit shown in 1054, Assume Sno > 1 10.78. Using the result obtained in Problem 10.77 and the relationship Ay = ~GyRoue, COM> Figure 10.96 Design Problems Ss 100 and a power budget of 1 mW. Assume 1078-Desgn the ipo decal purotig, > Yan WV. Vay =8Veanl Vee 25 10.6(a) for a voltage gain of 10 and a power 0, budget of 2 mW, Assume Vec = 2.5 V and me 10.80,'The bipolar differential pair of Fig. 10.6(a) ‘must operate with an input common-mode level of 1.2 V without driving the transis tors into saturation, Design the circuit for ql ‘maximum voltage gain anda power budg of 3mW. Assume Ver = 2.5 V. 10.81.-The differential pair depicted in Fig. 10: must provide a gain of 5 and a power budget of 4 mW. Moreover, the gain of the circuit must change by less than 2% Fleet [tosses jgn the MOS differential pair of Fig 10.29 for AVinyux =0.3V and a power budget of 3 mW. Assume Rp = 5002, 2=0, Cor = 100 "A/V, and Von 18V. 10.85.Design the MOS differential pair of Fig, 10.29 for an equilibrium overdrive voltage of 100 mV and a power budget Figure 1095 of 2 mW, Select the value of Rp to place Vinx Yathe transistor at the edge of triode re- gion for an input common-mode level of TV. Assume = 0, jtaCay = 100 A/V2, Virin = 0.5 V, and Vpp = 1.8. What is the voltage gain of the resulting design? 10.86. Design the MOS differential pair of Fig 10.29 for a voltage gain of 5 and a power dissipation of | mW if the equilil ium overdrive must be at least 150 mV. Assume A=0, fxCox = 100 0A/V2, and Vow = 1.8V. 10.87.'the differential pair depicted in Fig. 1098 must provide a gain of 40. As- suming the same (equilibrium) overdrive for all of the transistors and a_power dissipation of 2 mW, design the cir- cuit. Assume hy = 0.1 V1, 4p = 0.21, 100 A/V2, 125Cax = 100 pA/V? LBV. Yoo Yor My My ns Mea Moats Rowe 1098 10.88. Design the circuit of Fig. 10.37(a) for a voltage gain of 4000, Assume Q)-Qy are identical and determine the required Early voltage. Also, = 100, Vee =2.5 V, and the power budget is 1 mW. 10.89.Design the telescopic cascode of Tig. 10.38(a) for a voltage gain of 2000. As: sume Q1-Q4 are identical and so are Q5-Os. Als0, fay = 100, fy = 50, Van = SV. Voc = 2.5 V. and the power budget is 2mW. Problems 499 10.90.Desizn the telescopic cascode of Fg 10.41(a) for a voltage gain of 600 and a power budget of 4 mW. Assume an (equilibrium) overdrive of 100 mV for the NMOS devices and 150 mV for the PMOS devices. If Vpp = 18V, ior =S50 pA? and 3 determine the required value of 2». Assume My-M, are identical and so are Ms-Ms. 10.91. The differential pair of Fig, 10.99 must achieve a CMRR of 60 4B (= 1000). As- sume a power budget of2 mW, a nomin: differential voltage gain of 5, and n electing channel-length modulation in. My and Mz, compute the minimum required A for Ms. Assume (W/L),9 = 10/0.18, Hox = 100 RAV, Von = L8V, and AR/R Yoo Fo Fi +\Ap Yeats © Youe Mins 2 Yne Mos fa its Figure 1099 10.92. Design the differential pair of Fig. 10.48 fora voltage gain of 200 and a power bud- get of 3mW with a 25-V supply. Assume Van = 2Va.p- 10.93. Design the circuit of Fig. 10.54 for a volt- age gain of 20 and a power budget of T mW with Vip = 18V. Assume My op- erates atthe edge of saturation ifthe input common-mode level is 1 V. Also, :Cor = 2itglon OSV, Vine = o1Vvet