Bng 1: Bng so snh cc cng ngh di ng v tc truyn d liu

1G

Cng ngh

Tc

Tnh nng

AMPS

Khng c

Analog (ch c chc nng thoi)

2G

- Thoi
- GSM
- CDMA

hn - SMS

Nh
20Kbps

- Gi hi ngh

- iDen

- Caller ID
- Push to - talk

2.5G

- MSM
- nh

- GPRS
- 1xRTT
- EDGE

- Trnh duyt Web

30Kbps90Kbps

- Audio/Video clip
- Game
- Ti cc ng dng v nhc
chung
- Video cht lng cao

3G
- UMTS
- 1xEV-DO

- Nhc streaming

144Kbps2Mbps

- Game 3D
- Lt web nhanh

3.5G - HSDPA
- 1xEV-DV

- Video theo yu cu (VOD)

T

- Video hi hp

384Kbps14.4Mbps

1.2

Cc tiu chun xy dng mng 3G

3G bao gm 3 chun chnh l :

W-CDMA

CDMA2000

TDSCDMA.

Trong , chun W-CDMA c hai chun con thnh phn l :

UMTS

FOMA.

W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access): l chun lin lc di ng

3G song hnh vi cng vi chun GSM. W-CDMA l cng ngh nn tng cho cc
cng ngh 3G khc nh UMTS v FOMA.
W-CDMA c tp on ETSI NTT DoCoMo (Nht Bn) pht trin ring cho
mng 3G FOMA. Sau , NTT Docomo trnh c t ny ln Hip hi truyn thng
quc t (ITU) v xin cng nhn di danh ngha mt thnh vin ca chun 3G quc t
c tn IMT-2000. ITU chp nhn W-CDMA l thnh vin ca IMT-2000 v sau
chn W-CDMA l giao din nn tng cho UMTS.

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UMTS: UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System) da trn cng ngh WCDMA, l gii php tng qut cho cc nc s dng cng ngh di ng GSM. UMTS
do t chc 3GPP qun l. 3GPP cng ng thi chu trch nhim v cc chun mng
di ng nh GSM, GPRS v EDGE. S pht trin lin tc cc tiu chun k thut trn
c th hin bng 4 m thc v tiu chun UMTS ca t chc 3GPP l: R99, R4, R5
v R6, to thnh mt b tiu chun s nhng trong n li gm nhng h tiu chun
tng i c lp. WCDMA l mt tiu chun v giao din khng gian u tin, sm
nht v hon thin nht trong cc h tiu chun v c cc nh khai thc v sn
xut thit b vin thng c 3 chu lc: u, , M s dng rng ri. UMTS cng l
dng cng ngh chim th phn ln nht trn th trng thng tin di ng ngy nay
(chim ti 85,4% theo GSA 8-2007).
Hin nay, mng UMTS c th nng cp ln High Speed Downlink Packet Access
(HSDPA) - cn c gi vi tn 3,5G. HSDPA cho php y nhanh tc ti ng
xung vi tc ln ti 10 Mbps.
1.3 Cc tham s chnh ca WCDMA
- WCDMA l h thng s dng chui tri ph trc tip. Ngha l lung thng tin
c tri trn mt bng thng rng bng vic nhn lung d liu ny vi mt chui
tri ph gi ngu nhin PN. c th h tr vic truyn d liu tc cao, h s tri
ph (SF) thay i v kt ni da trn nhiu m tri ph c h tr trong WCDMA
- Tc chip s dng trong WCDMA c tc 3.84 Mps tng ng vi bng
tn truyn dn WCDMA l 5 MHz (i vi CDMA2000 bng tn truyn dn c th l
3x1.25 Mhz hoc 3.75 MHz). Bng thng truyn dn ln ca WCDMA ngoi vic

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nhm h tr truyn dn tc cao cn mang li mt vi u im khc nh: tng h s

phn tp a ng.
- WCDMA h tr truyn dn tc thay i, hay ni cch khc l khi nim s
dng bng thng theo nhu cu c th c thc hin. Trong mt khung truyn dn th
tc d liu l c nh. Tuy nhin tc d liu gia cc khung truyn dn khc
nhau c th ging nhau hoc khc nhau.
- WCDMA c hai ch hot ng l FDD v TDD. i vi FDD th cc
cp tn s sng mang vi rng 5 MHz c s dng cho knh truyn dn hng
ln v hng xung mt cch tng ng. Trong khi ch TDD th ch c mt
sng mang rng 5 MHz c s dng cho c ng ln v ng xung theo kiu
phn chia theo thi gian. TDD c s dng gii bng tn khng chia cp c.
- Cc BTS trong WCDMA (Node B) hot ng ch khng ng b. Do
khng cn cung cp mt ngun ng h ng b cho tt c cc BTS trong mng v d
nh s dng GPS. Ch lm vic khng ng b ny gip cho WCDMA tr nn d
trin khai cu hnh indoor v micro cell
- WCDMA s dng tch sng nht qun trn c hai hng ln v xung s dng
cc k hiu dn ng. Ch tch sng ny c s dng trn ng xung i
vi mng 2G IS-95.
- Giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA c thit k nh vn hnh c th
la chn s dng cc cng ngh my thu hin i nh: MUD, h thng nten
thch ng nhm tng dung lng ca mng cng nh vng ph sng ca cc
trm thu pht.

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- WCDMA c thit k c th trin khai bn cnh h thng GSM th

h 2. Ngha l WCDMA c th h tr chuyn giao gia hai h thng WCDMA
v GSM nhm m bo c mt s dch chuyn mm do khi trin khai mng 3GWCDMA.
Bng 2: Cc thng s chnh ca WCDMA
Bng tn knh

1,25Mhz; 5Mhz; 10Mhz; 20Mhz

Cu trc knh hng xung

Tri ph trc tip

Tc chip

(1,024)a/4,096/8,192/16,384

Lp

0,22

di khung

10 ms/ 20 ms

iu ch tri ph

QPSK cn bng (hng xung)

QPSK kp (hng ln)
Mch truyn phc hp

iu ch d liu

QPSK (hng xung)

BPSK (hng ln)

Pht hin kt ni

Knh pilot ghp thi gian (hng ln v

hng xung)
Khng c knh pilot chung hng xung.

Ghp knh hng ln

Knh iu khin, knh pilot ghp thi gian.

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Ghp knh I&Q cho knh d liu v knh

iu khin.
a tc

Tri ph bin i v a m

H s tri ph

4 256

iu khin cng sut

Vng h v vng khp kn (tc 1,6KHz)

Tri ph (hng ln)

M trc giao di phn bit knh, m

Gold 218

Tri ph (hng xung)

M trc giao di phn bit knh, m

Gold 241

Chuyn giao

Chuyn giao mm (Soft handoff)

Chuyn giao khc tn s

1.4

Cc knh c bn ca W-CDMA

Hnh 2: Cu trc knh ca WCDMA

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T hnh 2 cho ta ci nhn tng quan v cc knh c s dng trong WCDMA

gm 3 knh c bn:
-

Knh logic

Knh truyn ti

Knh vt l

Knh logic: miu t loi thng tin s c truyn i. Mc d gi l "knh" nhng

n khng phi l knh theo ging ngha nh knh vt l, knh vn ti. Knh logic c
th hiu l nhng cng vic m mng v thit b cn phi thc hin ti nhng thi
im khc nhau. Cc knh logic ny cng c th xem nh l dch v m lp MAC
cung cp cho lp RLC trn n.
Knh vn ti: qui nh bng cch no v vi c trng g thng tin s c truyn
i. y l dch v m lp vt l cung cp cho lpMAC trn n.
Knh vt l: chnh l knh hin hu truyn ti thng tin i.
Vic phn ra cc loi knh khc nhau mnh ngh l ging vic phn lp trong
mng, gip cho d qun l v iu khin. C ng vi mi loi thng tin km theo
nhng c trng ca n, mng s t ng truy cp vo cc knh tng ng gi
thng tin i mt cch hiu qu nht.
1.4.1

Knh logic

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Hnh 3: Cu trc knh logic

Knh logic nh ngha loi s liu c truyn i, bao gm 2 loi knh: Knh
iu khin v knh lu lng.
1.4.1.1 Knh iu khin
Knh iu khin chung
- Knh iu khin qung b (BCCH): hot ng tuyn xung, a thng tin
nhn bit t bo, mng v tnh trng hin ti ca t bo (cu trc iu khin, cc lu
lng cn ri, ang s dng hoc nghn)
- Knh nhn tin PCH: cung cp tin nhn t BS n MS, PCH pht IMSI ca thu
bao v yu cu pht li trn RACH- knh iu khin ngu nhin. Ngoi ra PCH cng
c th c dng cung cp cc bn tin qung b dng ASCII
- Knh truy cp hng xung DACH chuyn bn tin t BS n MS trong 1 cell.

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